Significant Accounting Policies | 2. Significant Accounting Policies Basis of Presentation The consolidated financial statements include the accounts of Fennec and of all its wholly-owned subsidiaries. All inter-company transactions and balances have been eliminated upon consolidation. Use of Estimates The preparation of financial statements in conformity with US GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that impact the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities as of the date of the consolidated financial statements and the reported amounts of revenue and expense during the reporting period. Significant estimates include revenue recognition, amount and timing of marketing and other services performed by certain distributors, allowance against trade receivables, measurement of stock-based compensation over the next twelve months from the date of issuance of the consolidated financial statements. Actual results could differ from those estimates. Segment and Geographic Information Operating segments are defined as components of an enterprise engaging in business activities for which discrete financial information is available and regularly reviewed by the chief operating decision maker in deciding how to allocate resources and in assessing performance. The Company views its operations and manages its business in one operating segment principally in the United States. As of December 31, 2023, the Company had an operating lease in Ireland. This is the only asset located outside of the United States. Stock-Based Compensation Under The Inventory Inventories are valued under a standard costing methodology on a first-in, first-out basis and are stated at the lower of cost or net realizable value. The Company capitalizes inventory costs related to products to be sold in the ordinary course of business. The Company makes a determination of capitalizing inventory costs for a product based on, among other factors, status of regulatory approval, information regarding safety, efficacy and expectations relating to commercial sales and recoverability of costs. Capitalized costs of inventories mainly include third party manufacturing, logistics and distribution costs. The Company assesses recoverability of inventory each reporting period to determine any write down to net realizable value resulting from excess or obsolete inventories. The manufacturing costs for PEDMARK ® ® Revenue Recognition Under Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”) 606, Revenue from Contracts with Customers, the Company recognizes revenue when its customers obtain control of promised goods or services, in an amount that reflects the consideration which the Company determines it expects to receive in exchange for those goods or services. To determine revenue recognition for arrangements that the Company determines are within the scope of ASC 606, the Company performs the following five steps: (i) identify the contract(s) with a customer; (ii) identify the performance obligation(s) in the contract; (iii) determine the transaction price; (iv) allocate the transaction price to the performance obligation(s) in the contract; and (v) recognize revenue when (or as) the Company satisfies its performance obligation(s). As part of the accounting for these arrangements, the Company must make significant judgments, including identifying performance obligations in the contract, estimating the amount of variable consideration to include in the transaction price and allocating the transaction price to each performance obligation. Net Product Revenue On September 20, 2022, the FDA approved PEDMARK ® ® ® Product Sales Discounts and Allowances The Company records U.S. based revenues from product sales at the net sales price (transaction price), which includes estimates of variable consideration for which reserves are established primarily from discounts, chargebacks, rebates, co-pay assistance, returns and other allowances that are offered within contracts between the Company and its Customers, health care providers, payors and other indirect customers relating to the sales of its products. These reserves are based on the amounts to be claimed on the related sales and are classified as a contra-asset or a current liability. Where appropriate, these estimates take into consideration a range of possible outcomes that are probability-weighted for relevant factors such as current contractual and statutory requirements, specific known market events and trends, industry data, forecasted Customer buying and payment patterns, and the Company’s historical experience that will develop over time as PEDMARK ® The Company also utilizes select distributors to introduce its product into global markets. These distributors take on the function of shipping, storage, marketing and other services related to the sale of our product. We record distribution and other fees paid to these distributors as a reduction of revenue, unless the payment is for a distinct good or service from the customer and we can reasonably estimate the fair value of the goods or services received. If both conditions are met, we record the consideration paid to the distributor as an operating expense. These costs are typically known at the time of sale, resulting in minimal adjustments subsequent to the period of sale. Chargebacks: Discounts for Prompt Payment: Rebates: ® Co-payment Assistance: Other Customer Credits: Distribution and Other Fees: We pay distribution and other fees to certain customers in connection with the sales of our products. We record distribution and other fees paid to our customers as a reduction of revenue, unless the payment is for a distinct good or service from the customer and we can reasonably estimate the fair value of the goods or services received. If both conditions are met, we record the consideration paid to the customer as an operating expense. These costs are typically known at the time of sale, resulting in minimal adjustments subsequent to the period of sale. The following table summarizes net product revenues for PEDMARK ® Year Ended December 31, December 31, 2023 2022 Product revenues: Gross product revenues $ 23,782 $ 1,769 Discounts and allowances (2,530) (234) Net product revenues $ 21,252 $ 1,535 For the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022, the Company had 4 distributors and 3 distributors that represented more than 10% of net sales, respectively. The activities and ending allowance balances for each significant category of discounts and allowances for PEDMARK ® Chargebacks, Rebates, Customer Discounts for Fees/Credits Prompt Pay and and Co-Pay In thousands Other Allowances Assistance Totals Balance at December 31, 2021 $ — $ — $ — Provision related to sales made in: Current period 72 163 235 Prior periods — — — Payments and customer credits issued (1) — (1) Balance at December 31, 2022 $ 71 $ 163 $ 234 Provision related to sales made in: Current period 1,164 600 1,764 Prior periods — — — Payments and customer credits issued (870) (333) (1,203) Balance at December 31, 2023 $ 365 $ 430 $ 795 The allowances for chargebacks, fees due to Customers, rebates and discounts for prompt payment are recorded as a contra-asset to accounts receivable, while Medicaid rebates and return allowances are in accrued liabilities in the accompanying Consolidated Balance Sheets. Trade Receivables The Company records gross trade Cost of Products Sold Cost of products sold is related to the Company's product revenues for PEDMARK ® ® ® ® capitalized, $1.4 million was capitalized as work in process and raw materials, $0.8 million was capitalized into finished goods. Cash and Cash Equivalents Cash equivalents consist of highly liquid investments with original maturities at the date of purchase of three months or less. The Company places its cash and cash equivalents in investments held by highly rated financial institutions in accordance with its investment policy designed to protect the principal investment. As of December 31, 2023, the Company had $13.3 million in cash and money market accounts (2022- $23.8 million). Money market investments typically have minimal risks. While the Company has not experienced any loss or write-down of its money market investments, the amounts it holds in money market accounts are substantially above the $250,000 amount insured by the FDIC and may lose value. Financial Instruments Financial instruments recognized on the balance sheets at December 31, 2023 and 2022, consist of cash and cash equivalents, accounts receivable, accounts payable, accrued liabilities and term loans, the carrying values of which approximate fair value due to their relatively short time to maturity or interest rates that approximate market interest rates. The Company does not hold or issue financial instruments for trading. The Company’s investment policy is to manage investments to achieve, in the order of importance, the financial objectives of preservation of principal, liquidity and return on investment. Investments, when made, are made in U.S. or Canadian bank securities, commercial paper of U.S. or Canadian industrial companies, utilities, financial institutions and consumer loan companies, and securities of foreign banks provided the obligations are guaranteed or carry ratings appropriate to the policy. Securities must have a minimum Dun & Bradstreet rating of A for bonds or R1 low for commercial paper. The policy risks are primarily the opportunity cost of the conservative nature of the allowable investments. The Company has chosen to avoid investments of a trading or speculative nature to preserve cash. Common Shares and Warrants The Company has 0.2 million warrants with a weighted average strike price of $7.71 outstanding to purchase common shares that have a weighted average life of 4.05 years. Research and Development Costs and Investment Tax Credits Research costs, including employee compensation, laboratory fees, lab supplies, and research and testing performed under contract by third parties, are expensed as incurred. Development costs, including drug substance costs, clinical study expenses and regulatory expenses are expensed as incurred. Investment tax credits, which are earned as a result of qualifying research and development expenditures, are recognized when the expenditures are made and their realization is reasonably assured. They are applied to reduce related capital costs and research and development expenses in the year recognized. Concentrations of Credit Risk Financial instruments that potentially subject the Company to credit risk primarily consist of cash and cash equivalents, and instrument. The Company’s trade receivables includes amounts billed to Customers, both specialty and select global distributors, for product sales of PEDMARK ® Income Taxes The Company accounts for income taxes using the asset and liability method to compute the differences between the tax basis of assets and liabilities and the related financial amounts, using currently enacted tax rates. The Company has deferred tax assets, which are subject to periodic recoverability assessments. Valuation allowances are established, when necessary, to reduce deferred tax assets to the amount that more likely than not will be realized. As of December 31, 2023, and 2022, we maintained a full valuation allowance against our deferred tax assets. The provisions of the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) ASC 740-10, Uncertainty in Income Taxes, address the determination of whether tax benefits claimed or expected to be claimed on a tax return should be recorded in the financial statements. Under ASC 740-10, we may recognize the tax benefit from an uncertain tax position only if it is more likely than not that the tax position will be sustained on examination by taxing authorities, based on the technical merits of the position. Foreign Currency Translation The U.S. dollar is the functional currency for the Company’s consolidated operations. All gains and losses from currency translations are included in results of operations. Loss Per Share Basic net loss per share is computed by dividing net loss by the weighted average number of common shares outstanding during the year. Diluted net loss per share is computed using the same method, except the weighted average number of common shares outstanding includes convertible debentures, restricted share units, stock options and warrants, if dilutive, as determined using the if-converted method and treasury methods. Accordingly, warrants to purchase 0.2 million of our common shares, restricted share units of 0.2 million to obtain our common shares, and options to purchase 4.8 million of our common shares at December 31, 2023, were not included in loss per share. Such options would have an antidilutive effect. In 2022, warrants to purchase 0.2 million of our common shares, restricted share units to obtain 0.04 million of our common shares and options to purchase 4.5 million common shares were excluded from the computation of loss per share as their inclusion would have been antidilutive. Recent Accounting Pronouncements In August 2020, the FASB issued Accounting Standards Update (“ASU”) 2020-06, Debt—Debt with Conversion and Other Options (Subtopic 470-20) and Derivatives and Hedging—Contracts in Entity’s Own Equity (Subtopic 815-40). The new standard eliminates the current models that require separation of beneficial conversion and cash conversion features from convertible instruments and simplifies the derivative scope exception guidance pertaining to equity classification of contracts in an entity's own equity. The new standard also introduces additional disclosures for convertible debt and freestanding instruments that are indexed to and settled in an entity's own equity. This ASU will be effective for the year ended December 31, 2024. The Company adopted this ASU in Q1 of 2023. In June 2022, the FASB issued Accounting Standards Update ("ASU") 2022-03, Fair Value Measurement (Topic 820): Fair Value Measurement of Equity Securities Subject to Contractual Sale Restrictions, which (1) clarifies the guidance in Topic 820 on the fair value measurement of an equity security that is subject to contractual restrictions that prohibit the sale of an equity security and (2) requires specific disclosures related to such an equity security. This ASU will be effective for the year ended December 31, 2024. The Company adopted this ASU in 2023. In June 2016, the Financial Accounting Standards Board ("FASB") issued Accounting Standards Update ("ASU") 2016-13, Financial Instruments – Credit Losses (Topic 326) and subsequently related amendments (ASU 2018-19, ASU 2019-04, ASU 2019-05, ASU 2019-10, ASU 2019-11 and ASU 2022-02). This guidance replaces the existing incurred loss impairment guidance and establishes a single allowance framework for financial assets carried at amortized cost based on expected credit losses. The estimate of expected credit losses requires the incorporation of historical information, current conditions, and reasonable and supportable forecasts. This ASU will be effective for the year ended December 31, 2023. The Company is currently evaluating the effect the adoption of this ASU will have on the consolidated financial statements. In December 2023 , , |