Stockholders' Equity | Stockholders’ Equity Common Stock During the six months ended June 30, 2016 , the Company issued a total of 409,704 shares of Common Stock. 68,371 shares were issued upon exercise of options for a weighted average price of $3.40 , and 341,333 shares were issued upon net exercise of 1,236,875 options at a weighted average exercise price of $3.81 . Stock Options Stock-based compensation expense related to Trovagene options have been recognized in operating results as follow: Three Months Ended Six Months Ended 2016 2015 2016 2015 Included in research and development expense $ 590,536 $ 409,304 $ 989,277 $ 712,321 Included in cost of revenue 38,228 4,641 56,525 14,950 Included in selling and marketing expense 438,158 171,049 1,016,879 254,114 Included in general and administrative expense 234,991 538,452 2,050,340 853,802 Total stock-based compensation expense $ 1,301,913 $ 1,123,446 $ 4,113,021 $ 1,835,187 The unrecognized compensation cost related to non-vested stock options outstanding at June 30, 2016 and 2015 , net of expected forfeitures, was $11,419,948 and $8,918,735 , respectively, both to be recognized over a weighted-average remaining vesting period of approximately three years . The weighted average remaining contractual term of outstanding options as of June 30, 2016 was approximately eight years . The estimated fair value of stock option awards was determined on the date of grant using the Black-Scholes option valuation model with the following weighted average assumptions during the following periods indicated: Six Months Ended 2016 2015 Risk-free interest rate 1.5 % 1.82 % Dividend yield 0 % 0 % Expected volatility 102 % 76 % Expected term 5.5 years 6.2 years A summary of stock option activity and changes in stock options outstanding is presented below: Total Options Weighted Average Exercise Price Per Share Intrinsic Value Balance outstanding, December 31, 2015 6,948,630 $ 5.45 $ 5,903,466 Granted 3,032,050 5.02 Exercised (1,305,246 ) 3.79 Canceled / Forfeited (2,431,162 ) 5.40 Expired (106,777 ) 11.14 Balance outstanding, June 30, 2016 6,137,495 5.51 1,843,767 Exercisable at June 30, 2016 2,060,650 5.02 1,278,649 During the six months ended June 30, 2016 , the Company had issued 996,000 options to its executive officers and non-employee directors that are over the authorized number of options in the Plan and are subject to shareholder approval. As per ASC Topic 815-40, the options were accounted for as liabilities and recorded at fair value with the changes in fair value being recorded in the Company’s statement of operations. Stockholder approval was obtained on May 17, 2016 to increase the number of authorized shares in the 2014 EIP Plan from 5,000,000 to 7,500,000 . Accordingly, the options were remeasured as of the date of stockholder approval with the change recorded in stock based compensation expense and the $217,333 liability was reclassified to additional paid in capital. The Trovagene Inc. 2014 Equity Incentive Plan (the “2014 EIP”) originally had 2,500,000 shares of common stock authorized for issuance under the Plan. An additional 2,500,000 shares of common stock was authorized by the Board of Directors in March 2015 and approved by the Shareholders at the June 10, 2015 Annual Shareholders’ Meeting. An amendment to the 2014 EIP to increase the number of shares issuable to 7,500,000 shares from 5,000,000 shares was approved at the May 17, 2016 Annual Shareholders’ Meeting. As of June 30, 2016 there were 2,356,194 shares available for issuance under the 2014 EIP. Restricted Stock Units Under guidance provided by ASC Topic 718 “Compensation—Stock Compensation” for share-based payments, the fair value of our restricted stock units is based on the grant date fair value of our common stock. All restricted stock units were granted with no purchase price. Vesting of the restricted stock units is generally subject to service conditions, while vesting of certain units are based on attainment of specific performance objectives. The weighted-average grant date fair value of the restricted stock units was $4.06 per share during the six months ended June 30, 2016 . There were no restricted stock units granted during the year ended December 31, 2015. A summary of our restricted stock unit activity is presented below: Number of Shares Weighted Average Grant Date Fair Value Per Share Non-vested restricted stock units outstanding, December 31, 2015 — $ — Granted 402,000 4.06 Forfeited (5,500 ) 3.99 Non-vested restricted stock units outstanding, June 30, 2016 396,500 4.06 None of the restricted stock units vested during the six months ended June 30, 2016 . At June 30, 2016 , total unrecognized compensation cost related to non-vested restricted stock units was $1,120,977 , which is expected to be recognized over a weighted-average period of 6 months . Warrants A summary of warrant activity and changes in warrants outstanding, including both liability and equity classifications is presented below: Total Warrants Weighted Average Exercise Price Per Share Weighted Average Remaining Contractual Term Balance outstanding, December 31, 2015 5,533,242 $ 3.86 2.50 Exercised (50,000 ) 8.00 Balance outstanding, June 30, 2016 5,483,242 3.82 2.06 |