Cardiff Oncology (CRDF) 10-K 15 Mar 17 2016 FY Annual report Financial data

Document and Entity Information

Document and Entity Information - USD ($)	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2016	Feb. 28, 2017	Jun. 30, 2016
Document and Entity Information
Entity Registrant Name	Trovagene, Inc.
Entity Central Index Key	1,213,037
Current Fiscal Year End Date	--12-31
Entity Filer Category	Accelerated Filer
Document Type	10-K
Document Period End Date	Dec. 31, 2016
Document Fiscal Year Focus	2,016
Document Fiscal Period Focus	FY
Amendment Flag	false
Entity Common Stock, Shares Outstanding		30,965,000
Entity Well-known Seasoned Issuer	No
Entity Voluntary Filers	Yes
Entity Current Reporting Status	Yes
Entity Public Float			$ 118,688,886

Consolidated Balance Sheets

Consolidated Balance Sheets - USD ($)	Dec. 31, 2016	Dec. 31, 2015
Current assets:
Cash and cash equivalents	$ 13,915,094	$ 67,493,047
Short-term investments	23,978,022	0
Accounts receivable	100,460	98,736
Prepaid expenses and other assets	956,616	789,285
Total current assets	38,950,192	68,381,068
Property and equipment, net	3,826,915	2,690,579
Other assets	1,173,304	374,004
Total Assets	43,950,411	71,445,651
Current liabilities:
Accounts payable	1,130,536	1,040,868
Accrued liabilities	4,021,365	1,903,797
Deferred rent	285,246	30,614
Current portion of long-term debt	2,360,109	5,225,818
Total current liabilities	7,797,256	8,201,097
Long-term debt, less current portion	14,176,359	11,246,188
Derivative financial instruments—warrants	834,940	3,297,077
Deferred rent, net of current portion	1,373,717	0
Total liabilities	24,182,272	22,744,362
Commitments and contingencies
Stockholders’ equity
Preferred stock, $0.001 par value, 20,000,000 shares authorized, 60,600 shares outstanding at each of December 31, 2016 and 2015, designated as Series A Convertible Preferred Stock with liquidation preference of $606,000 at each of December 31, 2016 and 2015	60	60
Common stock, $0.0001 par value, 150,000,000 shares authorized at December 31, 2016 and 2015; 30,696,791 and 29,737,601 issued and outstanding at December 31, 2016 and 2015, respectively	3,070	2,974
Additional paid-in capital	167,890,984	157,585,498
Accumulated other comprehensive loss	(10,773)	0
Accumulated deficit	(148,115,202)	(108,887,243)
Total stockholders’ equity	19,768,139	48,701,289
Total Liabilities and Stockholders’ Equity	$ 43,950,411	$ 71,445,651

Consolidated Balance Sheets (Pa

Consolidated Balance Sheets (Parenthetical) - USD ($)	Dec. 31, 2016	Dec. 31, 2015
Statement of Financial Position [Abstract]
Preferred stock, par value (in dollars per share)	$ 0.001	$ 0.001
Preferred stock, shares authorized	20,000,000	20,000,000
Preferred stock, shares outstanding	60,600	60,600
Series A Convertible Preferred Stock, liquidation preference (in dollars)	$ 606,000	$ 606,000
Common stock, par value (in dollars per share)	$ 0.0001	$ 0.0001
Common stock, shares authorized	150,000,000	150,000,000
Common stock, shares issued (in shares)	30,696,791	29,737,601
Common stock, shares outstanding	30,696,791	29,737,601

Consolidated Statements of Oper

Consolidated Statements of Operations and Comprehensive Loss - USD ($)	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2016	Dec. 31, 2015	Dec. 31, 2014
Income Statement [Abstract]
Royalties	$ 258,062	$ 274,648	$ 270,178
License fees	0		10,000
Diagnostic services	86,137	13,789	0
Clinical research services	36,873	24,375	0
Total revenues	381,072	312,812	280,178
Costs and expenses:
Cost of revenue	1,730,512	629,191	15,441
Research and development	15,006,642	10,593,869	6,664,906
Selling and marketing	11,523,144	6,443,578	2,734,903
General and administrative	11,475,947	7,919,826	5,810,087
Restructuring charges	790,438	0	0
Total operating expenses	40,526,683	25,586,464	15,225,337
Loss from operations	(40,145,611)	(25,273,652)	(14,945,159)
Net interest expense	(1,375,512)	(1,468,221)	(831,020)
Other income (loss), net	(144,733)	(2,800)	24,845
Gain (loss) from change in fair value of derivative financial instruments—warrants	2,462,137	(726,421)	1,425,850
Net loss	(39,203,719)	(27,471,094)	(14,325,484)
Preferred stock dividend	(24,240)	(24,240)	(23,015)
Net loss attributable to common stockholders	$ (39,227,959)	$ (27,495,334)	$ (14,348,499)
Net loss per common share - basic (in dollars per share)	$ (1.30)	$ (1.05)	$ (0.76)
Net loss per common share - diluted (in dollars per share)	$ (1.37)	$ (1.21)	$ (0.88)
Weighted-average shares outstanding - basic (in shares)	30,174,838	26,201,713	18,904,280
Weighted-average shares outstanding - diluted (in shares)	30,281,263	26,452,165	19,071,112

Consolidated Statements of Stoc

Consolidated Statements of Stockholders' Equity (Deficit) - USD ($)	Total	Preferred Stock	Common Stock	Common StockMultiGen Diagnostics, Inc	Additional Paid-In Capital	Additional Paid-In CapitalMultiGen Diagnostics, Inc	Accumulated other comprehensive loss	Accumulated Deficit
Balance (in shares) at Dec. 31, 2013		60,600	18,902,782
Balance at Dec. 31, 2013	$ 20,392,000	$ 60	$ 1,890		$ 87,433,460		$ 0	$ (67,043,410)
Increase (Decrease) in Stockholders' Equity
Stock-based compensation	2,070,195				2,070,195
Issuance of warrant in connection with debt agreement	235,857				235,857
Issuance of common stock upon net exercise of warrant (in shares)			13,011	13,011
Issuance of common stock upon net exercise of warrant				$ 1		$ (1)
Unrealized loss from foreign currency translation	0
Unrealized loss on securities available-for-sale	0
Preferred stock dividend	(23,015)							(23,015)
Net loss	(14,325,484)							(14,325,484)
Balance (in shares) at Dec. 31, 2014		60,600	18,915,793
Balance at Dec. 31, 2014	8,349,553	$ 60	$ 1,891		89,739,511		0	(81,391,909)
Increase (Decrease) in Stockholders' Equity
Sale of common stock, net of expenses (in shares)			9,996,531
Sale of common stock, net of expenses	61,215,399		$ 1,000		61,214,399
Stock-based compensation	3,946,027				3,946,027
Derivative financial instruments—Warrants liability reclassified to additional paid-in capital	435,365				435,365
Issuance of common stock upon net exercise of warrant (in shares)			277,136
Issuance of common stock upon net exercise of warrant	0		$ 28		(28)
Issuance of common stock upon exercise of warrant (in shares)			282,975
Issuance of common stock upon exercise of warrants	1,389,427		$ 28		1,389,399
Issuance of common stock upon exercise of stock options (in shares)			265,166
Issuance of common stock upon exercise of stock options	860,852		$ 27		860,825
Preferred stock dividend	(24,240)							(24,240)
Net loss	(27,471,094)							(27,471,094)
Balance (in shares) at Dec. 31, 2015		60,600	29,737,601
Balance at Dec. 31, 2015	48,701,289	$ 60	$ 2,974		157,585,498		0	(108,887,243)
Increase (Decrease) in Stockholders' Equity
Sale of common stock, net of expenses (in shares)			421,810
Sale of common stock, net of expenses	2,285,415		$ 42		2,285,373
Stock-based compensation	7,504,316				7,504,316
Issuance of warrant in connection with debt agreement	148,885				148,885
Issuance of common stock upon net exercise of warrant (in shares)			2,651
Issuance of common stock upon net exercise of warrant	0		$ 0		0
Issuance of common stock upon releases of restricted stock units (in shares)			95,000
Issuance of common stock upon releases of restricted stock units			$ 10		(10)
Unrealized loss from foreign currency translation	(1,708)						(1,708)
Unrealized loss on securities available-for-sale	(9,065)						(9,065)
Issuance of common stock upon net exercise of stock option (in shares)			341,333
Issuance of common stock upon net exercise of stock options			$ 34		(34)
Issuance of common stock upon exercise of stock options (in shares)			98,396
Issuance of common stock upon exercise of stock options	366,966		$ 10		366,956
Preferred stock dividend	(24,240)							(24,240)
Net loss	(39,203,719)							(39,203,719)
Balance (in shares) at Dec. 31, 2016		60,600	30,696,791
Balance at Dec. 31, 2016	$ 19,768,139	$ 60	$ 3,070		$ 167,890,984		$ (10,773)	$ (148,115,202)

Consolidated Statements of Cash

Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows - USD ($)	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2016	Dec. 31, 2015	Dec. 31, 2014
Operating activities
Net loss	$ (39,203,719)	$ (27,471,094)	$ (14,325,484)
Adjustments to reconcile net loss to net cash used in operating activities:
Loss (gain) on disposal of assets	(577,314)	(4,562)	24,845
Depreciation and amortization	1,069,547	378,711	234,813
Stock-based compensation expense	7,504,316	3,946,027	2,070,194
Accretion of final fee premium	390,548	346,157	248,799
Amortization of discount on debt	173,803	88,123	57,117
Amortization of premiums on short-term investments	107,261	0	0
Deferred rent	(201,037)	0	0
Interest income accrued on short-term investments	(84,182)	0	0
Change in fair value of derivative financial instruments—warrants	(2,462,137)	726,421	(1,425,850)
Changes in operating assets and liabilities:
Increase in other assets	(789,739)	(37,296)	(258)
(Increase) decrease in accounts receivable	(1,724)	(42,042)	22,300
Increase in prepaid expenses	(277,327)	(420,026)	(216,470)
Increase in accounts payable and accrued expenses	2,157,221	361,432	632,299
Net cash used in operating activities	(31,039,855)	(22,119,025)	(12,727,385)
Investing activities
Capital expenditures	(823,483)	(2,241,066)	(363,290)
Proceeds from disposals of capital equipment	0	7,600	63,500
Maturities of short-term investments	13,750,000	0	0
Purchases of short-term investments	(37,760,166)	0	0
Net cash used in investing activities	(24,833,649)	(2,233,466)	(299,790)
Financing activities
Proceeds from sale of common stock, net of expenses	2,285,415	61,215,399	0
Proceeds from exercise of warrants		1,389,427
Proceeds from exercise of options	366,966	860,852	0
Borrowings under equipment line of credit	792,251	1,086,062
Repayments under equipment line of credit	(52,175)	0	(515,964)
Borrowings under long-term debt, net of costs	7,805,085		15,000,000
Repayments of long-term debt	(8,896,166)	0	0
Net cash provided by financing activities	2,301,376	64,551,740	14,484,036
Effect of exchange rate changes on cash and cash equivalents	(5,825)	0	0
Net change in cash and cash equivalents	(53,577,953)	40,199,249	1,456,861
Cash and cash equivalents—Beginning of period	67,493,047	27,293,798	25,836,937
Cash and cash equivalents—End of period	13,915,094	67,493,047	27,293,798
Supplementary disclosure of cash flow activity:
Cash paid for taxes	4,560	16,934	2,400
Cash paid for interest	1,103,677	1,061,993	425,256
Supplemental disclosure of non-cash investing and financing activities:
Warrants issued in connection with long-term debt	148,885		235,857
Reclassification of derivative financial instruments to additional paid-in capital		435,365	0
Preferred stock dividends accrued	24,240	24,240	23,015
Leasehold improvements paid for by lessor	$ 1,860,000	$ 0	$ 0

Consolidated Statements of Comp

Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Loss Statement - USD ($)	3 Months Ended		12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2016	Dec. 31, 2015	Dec. 31, 2014
Statement of Comprehensive Income [Abstract]
Net loss			$ (14,325,484)
Unrealized loss from foreign currency translation	$ (1,708)	$ 0	0
Unrealized loss on securities available-for-sale	(9,065)	0	0
Other Comprehensive Income (Loss), Net of Tax	(10,773)	0	0
Total comprehensive income (loss), net of tax	(39,214,492)	(27,471,094)	(14,325,484)
Preferred Stock Dividends, Income Statement Impact			(23,015)
Comprehensive Income (Loss), Net of Tax, Attributable to Parent	$ (39,238,732)	$ (27,495,334)	$ (14,348,499)

Business Overview and Liquidity

Business Overview and Liquidity	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2016
Organization, Consolidation and Presentation of Financial Statements [Abstract]
Business Overview and Going Concerns	Business Overview and Going Concerns Trovagene, Inc. (“Trovagene” or the “Company”) is a molecular diagnostics company headquartered in San Diego, California. The Company’s primary focus is to leverage its PCM technology in an effort to enable itself, through its CLIA/CAP - certified laboratory, and others, through the distribution of research use kits and systems, to detect and monitor ctDNA in urine and blood. The Company’s PCM technology allows for detection and quantitation of oncogene mutations in cancer patients for improved disease management. Trovagene’s Trovera™ liquid biopsy test, which utilizes PCM technology, is designed to provide important clinical information beyond the current standard of care, and is protected by significant intellectual property, including multiple issued patents and pending patent applications worldwide. To date, Trovagene’s efforts have been principally devoted to research and development, securing and protecting patents and raising capital. Through December 31, 2016 , the Company sustained cumulative net losses attributed to common stockholders of $148,115,202 . The Company’s losses have resulted primarily from expenditures incurred in connection with research and development activities, stock-based compensation expense, patent filing and maintenance expenses, outside accounting and legal services and regulatory, scientific and financial consulting fees, amortization and liquidated damages. To date, the Company has generated only limited revenue from operations and expects to incur additional losses to perform further research and development activities as well as expenses related to the commercialization of the diagnostic tests the Company had commercially available as of December 31, 2016 . Liquidity The Company will need to continue to raise funds until it is able to generate revenues from operations sufficient to fund its development and commercial operations. Cash used in operating activities was $31,039,855 , $22,119,025 , and $12,727,385 for the years ended December 31, 2016 , 2015 , and 2014 , respectively. During the years ended December 31, 2016 , 2015 , and 2014 , the Company incurred a net loss attributable to common stockholders of $39,227,959 , $27,495,334 , and $14,348,499 , respectively. The Company believes that it currently has adequate capital to continue operations for the next twelve months. However, to carry the Company forward beyond the next twelve months, and until it can generate adequate cash flow from operations, additional cash resources will be necessary. To date, Trovagene’s sources of cash have been primarily limited to the sale of debt and equity securities and debt financing. Net cash provided by financing activities for the years ended December 31, 2016 , 2015 , and 2014 was $2,301,376 , $64,551,740 and $14,484,036 , respectively. The Company cannot be certain that additional funding will be available on acceptable terms, or at all. To the extent that the Company can raise additional funds by issuing equity securities, the Company’s stockholders may experience significant dilution. Any debt financing, if available, may involve restrictive covenants that impact the Company’s ability to conduct its business. On March 15, 2017, the Company announced a restructuring in connection with the addition of precision medicine therapeutics to its business. The Company estimates that this restructuring will reduce annual pre-tax expenses by approximately $8.0 million per year (excluding one-time separation costs), primarily through a reduction of approximately 30 employees and expenses primarily linked to research, clinical studies, and operations. The Company plans to continue providing access to its ctDNA collection, extraction and analysis technology in urine and blood to strategic accounts, including pharmaceutical companies and third party reference laboratories, by internal strategic executives. The Company intends to maintain its CLIA/CAP-certified laboratory for clinical testing services for pharmaceutical companies, third party reference laboratories and physicians and for internal programs. If the Company is unable to raise additional capital when required or on acceptable terms, it may have to significantly delay, scale back or discontinue the development and/or commercialization of one or more of its product candidates. The Company may also be required to: • Seek collaborators for product candidates at an earlier stage than otherwise would be desirable and on terms that are less favorable than might otherwise be available; and • Relinquish licenses or otherwise dispose of rights to technologies, product candidates or products that the Company would otherwise seek to develop or commercialize itself. The Company is evaluating the following options to both raise additional capital as well as reduce costs, in an effort to strengthen its liquidity position: • Raising capital through public and private equity offerings; • Adding capital through short-term and long-term borrowings; • Introducing operation and business development initiatives to bring in new revenue streams; • Reducing operating costs by identifying internal synergies; • Engaging in strategic partnerships; and • Taking actions to reduce or delay capital expenditures. The Company continually assesses any spending plans, including a review of its discretionary spending in connection with certain strategic contracts, to effectively and efficiently address its liquidity needs.

Basis of Presentation and Summa

Basis of Presentation and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2016
Accounting Policies [Abstract]
Basis of Presentation and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies	Basis of Presentation and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies The accompanying consolidated financial statements of Trovagene, which include its wholly owned subsidiary, Trovagene Srl, have been prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (“GAAP”). All intercompany balances and transactions have been eliminated. Use of Estimates The preparation of financial statements in conformity with U.S. GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. Actual results could differ from those estimates. Cash and Cash Equivalents Cash and cash equivalents consist of operating, money market accounts and commercial paper as of December 31, 2016 and operating and money market accounts as of December 31, 2015 on deposit. Cash equivalents are considered by the Company to be highly liquid investments purchased with original maturities of three months or less from the date of purchase. Short-Term Investments Short-term investments consist of corporate debt securities, U.S. treasury securities, and commercial paper. The Company classifies its short-term investments as available-for-sale, as the sale of such securities may be required prior to maturity to execute management strategies. Investments classified as available-for-sale are carried at fair value, with the unrealized gains and losses reported as a component of consolidated accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) in stockholders’ equity until realized. Realized gains and losses from the sale of available-for-sale securities, if any, are determined on a specific identification basis. A decline in the market value of any available-for-sale security below cost that is determined to be other than temporary will result in an impairment charge to earnings and a new cost basis for the security is established. No such impairment charges were recorded for any period presented. Premiums and discounts are amortized or accreted over the life of the related security as an adjustment to yield using the straight-line method and included in interest income. Interest income is recognized when earned. Realized gains and losses on investments in securities will be included in other income (loss) within the consolidated statements of operations. There were no realized gains and losses for the years ended December 31, 2016 , 2015 and 2014 . Concentration of Credit Risk Financial instruments that potentially subject the Company to significant concentrations of credit risk consist primarily of cash and cash equivalents and short-term investments. The Company maintains deposit accounts at financial institutions that are in excess of federally insured limits. The Company has not experienced any losses in such accounts and believes it is not exposed to significant risk on its cash due to the financial position of the depository institution in which those deposits are held. We limit our exposure to credit loss by generally placing our cash and short-term investments in high credit quality financial institutions and investment in fixed income instruments denominated and payable in U.S. dollars. Additionally, we have established guidelines regarding diversification of our investments and their maturities, which are designed to maintain principal and maximize liquidity. Revenues Revenue is recognized when persuasive evidence that an arrangement exists, delivery has occurred, the price is fixed or determinable, and collection is reasonably assured. Milestone, Royalty and License Revenues The Company licenses and sublicenses its patent rights to healthcare companies, medical laboratories and biotechnology partners. These agreements may involve multiple elements such as license fees, royalties and milestone payments. Revenue is recognized when the criteria described above have been met as well as the following: • Up-front nonrefundable license fees pursuant to agreements under which the Company has no continuing performance obligations are recognized as revenues on the effective date of the agreement and when collection is reasonably assured. • Minimum royalties are recognized as earned, and royalties are earned based on the licensee’s use. The Company is unable to predict licensee’s sales and thus revenue is recognized upon receipt of notification from licensee and payment when collection is assured. Notification is generally one quarter in arrears. • Milestone payments are recognized when both the milestone is achieved and the related payment is received. Diagnostic Service Revenues Revenue for clinical laboratory tests may come from several sources, including commercial third-party payors, such as insurance companies and health maintenance organizations, government payors, such as Medicare and Medicaid in the United States, patient self-pay and, in some cases, from hospitals or referring laboratories who, in turn, might bill third-party payors for testing. The Company is recognizing diagnostic service revenue on the cash collection basis until such time as it is able to properly estimate collections on third party reimbursements. Clinical Research Services Revenue Revenue from clinical research services consists primarily of revenue from the sale of urine and blood collection supplies under agreements with our clinical research and business development partners. Revenue is recognized when supplies are delivered. Allowance for Doubtful Accounts The Company reviews the collectability of accounts receivable based on an assessment of historic experience, current economic conditions, and other collection indicators. At each of December 31, 2016 , 2015 and 2014 , the Company had not recorded an allowance for doubtful accounts. When accounts are determined to be uncollectible, they are written off against the reserve balance and the reserve is reassessed. When payments are received on reserved accounts, they are applied to the individual’s account and the reserve is reassessed. Derivative Financial Instruments—Warrants The Company has issued common stock warrants in connection with the execution of certain equity financings. Such warrants are classified as derivative liabilities under the provisions of FASB ASC Topic 815, Derivatives and Hedging (“ASC 815”) and are recorded at their fair market value as of each reporting period. Such warrants do not meet the exemption that a contract should not be considered a derivative instrument if it is (1) indexed to its own stock and (2) classified in stockholders’ equity. Changes in fair value of derivative liabilities are recorded in the consolidated statement of operations under the caption “Change in fair value of derivative instruments.” The fair value of warrants is determined using the Black-Scholes option-pricing model using assumptions regarding the volatility of Trovagene’s common stock price, the remaining life of the warrant, and the risk-free interest rates at each period end. The Company thus uses model-derived valuations where inputs are observable in active markets to determine the fair value and accordingly classifies such warrants in Level 3 per FASB ASC Topic 820, Fair Value Measurements (“ASC 820”). At December 31, 2016 and 2015 , the fair value of these warrants was $834,940 and $3,297,077 , respectively, and was recorded as a liability under the caption “derivative financial instruments — warrants” on the consolidated balance sheet. Stock-Based Compensation FASB ASC Topic 718 “ Compensation—Stock Compensation ” (“ASC 718”) requires companies to measure the cost of employee services received in exchange for the award of equity instruments based on the estimated fair value of the award at the date of grant. The expense is recognized ratably over the period during which an employee is required to provide services in exchange for the award. ASC 718 did not change the way Trovagene accounts for non-employee stock-based compensation. Trovagene continues to account for shares of common stock, stock options and warrants issued to non-employees based on the fair value of the stock, stock option or warrant, if that value is more reliably measurable than the fair value of the consideration or services received. The Company accounts for stock options issued and vesting to non-employees in accordance with FASB ASC Topic 505-50 “ Equity-Based Payment to Non-Employees ” , and, accordingly, the value of the stock compensation to non-employees is based upon the measurement date as determined at either (1) the date at which a performance commitment is reached, or (2) the date at which the necessary performance to earn the equity instruments is complete. Therefore, the fair value of these options is being “marked to market” quarterly until the measurement date is determined. Fair Value of Financial Instruments Financial instruments consist of cash and cash equivalents, short-term investments, accounts receivable, accounts payable, debt and derivative liabilities. The Company has adopted ASC 820 for financial assets and liabilities that are required to be measured at fair value and non-financial assets and liabilities that are not required to be measured at fair value on a recurring basis. These financial instruments are stated at their respective historical carrying amounts, which approximate fair value due to their short term nature as they reflect current market interest rates. Debt is stated at its respective historical carrying amounts, which approximate fair value as they reflect current market interest rates. In accordance with FASB ASC Subtopic 820-10, the Company measures certain assets and liabilities at fair value on a recurring basis using the three-tier fair value hierarchy, which prioritizes the inputs used in measuring fair value. The three tiers include: • Level 1 — Quoted prices for identical instruments in active markets. • Level 2 — Quoted prices for similar instruments in active markets; quoted prices for identical or similar instruments in markets that are not active; and model-derived valuations where inputs are observable or where significant value drivers are observable. • Level 3 — Instruments where significant value drivers are unobservable to third parties. Long-Lived Assets Long-lived assets consist of property and equipment and finite-lived intangible assets. The Company records property and equipment at cost, and records other intangible assets based on their fair values at the date of acquisition. Depreciation on property and equipment is calculated using the straight-line method over the estimate useful life of five years for laboratory equipment and three to five years for furniture and office equipment. Amortization of leasehold improvements is computed based on the shorter of the life of the asset or the term of the lease. Amortization of intangible assets is calculated using the straight line method over the estimate useful life of the assets, based on when the Company expect to receive cash inflows generated by the intangible assets. Impairment losses on long lived assets used in operations are recorded when indicators of impairment are present and the undiscounted cash flows estimated to be generated by those assets are less than the assets carrying amount. If such assets are considered to be impaired, the impairment to be recognized is measured by the amount by which the carrying amount of the assets exceeds the estimated fair value of the assets. No impairment losses were recorded on long-lived assets to be held and used during the years ended December 31, 2016 , 2015 , and 2014 . Restructuring Restructuring costs are included in loss from operations in the consolidated statements of operations. The Company has accounted for these costs in accordance with ASC Topic 420, Exit or Disposa l Cost Obligations . One-time termination benefits are recorded at the time they are communicated to the affected employees. In December 2016, the Company announced a restructuring plan which was completed as of December 31, 2016. See Note 12 to the audited consolidated financial statements for further information. Income Taxes Income taxes are determined using the asset and liability approach of accounting for income taxes. Under this approach, deferred taxes represent the future tax consequences expected to occur when the reported amounts of assets and liabilities are recovered or paid. Deferred taxes result from differences between the financial statement and tax bases of Trovagene’s assets and liabilities and are adjusted for changes in tax rates and tax laws when changes are enacted. Valuation allowances are recorded to reduce deferred tax assets when it is more likely than not that a tax benefit will not be realized. The assessment of whether or not a valuation allowance is required often requires significant judgment. Contingencies In the normal course of business, Trovagene is subject to loss contingencies, such as legal proceedings and claims arising out of its business, that cover a wide range of matters, including, among others, government investigations, stockholder lawsuits, product and environmental liability, and tax matters. In accordance with FASB ASC Topic 450, Accounting for Contingencies , Trovagene records such loss contingencies when it is probable that a liability has been incurred and the amount of loss can be reasonably estimated. Trovagene, in accordance with this guidance, does not recognize gain contingencies until realized. Cost of Revenue Cost of revenue represents the cost of materials, personnel costs, costs associated with processing specimens including pathological review, quality control analyses, and delivery charges necessary to render an individualized test result. Costs associated with performing tests are recorded as the tests are processed. However, the revenue on diagnostic services is recognized on a cash collection basis resulting in costs incurred before the collection of related revenue. Research and Development Research and development expenses, which include expenditures in connection with an in-house research and development laboratory, salaries and staff costs, purchased in-process research and development and regulatory and scientific consulting fees, as well as contract research and insurance, are accounted for in accordance with FASB ASC Topic 730-10-55-2, Research and Development. Also, as prescribed by this guidance, patent filing and maintenance expenses are considered legal in nature and therefore classified as general and administrative expense, if any. While certain of the Company’s research and development costs may have future benefits, the Company’s policy of expensing all research and development expenditures is predicated on the fact that Trovagene has no history of successful commercialization of molecular diagnostic products to base any estimate of the number of future periods that would be benefited. FASB ASC Topic 730, Research and Development requires that non-refundable advance payments for goods or services that will be used or rendered for future research and development activities be deferred and capitalized. As the related goods are delivered or the services are performed, or when the goods or services are no longer expected to be provided, the deferred amounts are recognized as an expense. Net Loss Per Share Basic and diluted net loss per share is presented in conformity with FASB ASC Topic 260, Earnings per Share , for all periods presented. In accordance with this guidance, basic and diluted net loss per common share is determined by dividing net loss applicable to common stockholders by the weighted-average common shares outstanding during the period. Preferred dividends are included in income available to common stockholders in the computation of basic and diluted earnings per share. Shares used in calculating diluted net loss per common share exclude as anti-dilutive the following share equivalents: December 31, 2016 2015 2014 Options to purchase Common Stock 5,528,628 6,948,630 4,913,472 Warrants to purchase Common stock 4,538,606 4,565,947 5,251,660 Restricted Stock Units 272,000 — — Series A Convertible Preferred Stock 63,125 63,125 63,125 10,402,359 11,577,702 10,228,257 The following table summarizes the Company’s diluted net loss per share: December 31, 2016 2015 2014 Numerator: Net loss attributable to common stockholders $ (39,227,959 ) $ (27,495,334 ) $ (14,348,499 ) Adjustment for gain from change in fair value of derivative financial instruments—warrants (2,321,053 ) (4,396,061 ) (2,422,337 ) Net loss used for diluted loss per share $ (41,549,012 ) $ (31,891,395 ) $ (16,770,836 ) Denominator: Weighted-average shares used to compute basic net loss per share 30,174,838 26,201,713 18,904,280 Adjustments to reflect assumed exercise of warrants 106,425 250,452 166,832 Weighted-average shares used to compute diluted net loss per share 30,281,263 26,452,165 19,071,112 Net loss per share diluted $ (1.37 ) $ (1.21 ) $ (0.88 ) Change in Accounting Principle In August 2014, the FASB issued ASU 2014-15, Presentation of Financial Statements — Going Concern , which impacts the accounting guidance related to the evaluation of an entity’s ability to continue as a going concern. The amendment establishes management’s responsibility to evaluate whether there is substantial doubt about an entity’s ability to continue as a going concern in connection with preparing financial statements for each annual and interim reporting period. The amendment also gives guidance to determine whether to disclose information about relevant conditions and events when there is substantial doubt about an entity’s ability to continue as a going concern. The amended guidance is effective prospectively for fiscal years ending after December 15, 2016. The Company adopted ASU 2014-15 as of December 31, 2016. Recent Accounting Pronouncements In August 2016, the FASB issued Accounting Standards Update (“ASU”) 2016-15, Classification of Certain Cash Receipts and Cash Payments (“ASU 2016-15”), which includes amendments that clarify how certain cash receipts and cash payments are presented in the statement of cash flows. ASU 2016-15 also provides guidance clarifying when an entity should separate cash receipts and cash payments and classify them into more than one class of cash flows. The new amendments and guidance are effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2017, including interim periods within those fiscal years. Early adoption is permitted provided that all amendments are adopted in the same period. The Company is currently evaluating the impact of adoption of ASU 2016-15 on its consolidated statements of cash flows. In March 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-09, Improvements to Employee Share-Based Payment Accounting (“ASU 2016-09”), which aims to simplify the accounting for share-based payment transactions, including accounting for income taxes, classification on the statement of cash flows, accounting for forfeitures, and classification of awards as either liabilities or equity. In addition, under the ASU 2016-09, excess income tax benefits from share-based compensation arrangements are classified as cash flow from operations, rather than cash flow from financing activities. This ASU is effective for the Company beginning in the first quarter of 2017. The new guidance is not expected to have a material impact on the Company’s financial position, results of operations or cash flows. In February 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-02, Leases . The new standard establishes a right-of-use (“ROU”) model that requires a lessee to record a ROU asset and a lease liability on the balance sheet for most leases. The new standard is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2018, including interim periods within those fiscal years. A modified retrospective transition approach is required for capital and operating leases existing at, or entered into after, the beginning of the earliest comparative period presented in the financial statements, with certain practical expedients available. The new standard will impact the Company’s accounting for its office leases and the Company is currently evaluating the impact of the new standard on its consolidated financial statements. In May 2014, the FASB issued ASU 2014-09, Revenue from Contracts with Customers (“ASU 2014-09”). The new standard is based on the principal that revenue should be recognized to depict the transfer of promised goods or services to customers in an amount that reflects the consideration to which the entity expects to be entitled in exchange for those goods or services. Since its initial release, FASB as issued several amendments to the standard, which include clarification of accounting guidance related to identification of performance obligations, intellectual property licenses, and principal versus agent considerations. ASU 2014-09 and all subsequent amendments (collectively, the “new standards”) will be effective for the Company beginning in the first quarter of fiscal year 2018 and may be applied using either the full retrospective method, in which case the standard would be applied to each prior reporting period presented, or the modified retrospective method, in which case the cumulative effect of applying the standard would be recognized at the date of initial application. To date, the Company has derived its revenues from a limited number of royalty, license and diagnostic service agreements. The consideration the Company is eligible to receive under these agreements includes upfront payments, milestone payments and royalties. Each of its collaboration agreements has unique terms that will need to be evaluated separately under the new standards. The Company has started its preliminary assessment of its active license and collaboration agreements. The new standards differ from the current accounting standard in may respects, such as in the accounting for variable consideration, including milestone payments. For example, the Company currently recognize milestone revenue using the milestone method specified in ASC 605-28, which generally results in recognition of milestone revenue in the period that the milestone event is achieved. However, under the new accounting standards, it is possible to start to recognize milestone revenue before the milestone is achieved if management determines with a high degree of certainty that amounts recorded as revenues will not have to be reversed when the uncertainty associated with the variable consideration is subsequently resolved. In addition, the current accounting standards include a presumption that revenue from upfront non-refundable fees are recognized ratably over the performance period, unless another attribution method is determined to more closely approximate the delivery of the goods or services to the customer. The new accounting standards will require entities to determine an appropriate attribution method using either output or input methods and do not include a presumption that entities would default to ratable attribution approach. The Company is continuing to assess the impact these items will have on its financial statements. The Company is completing its initial assessment of the new standards, including a high level review of the Company’s contract portfolio and revenue streams, particularly around royalty revenues, to identify potential differences in accounting as a result of the new standards. The Company expects to adopt the new standards using the modified retrospective method with an adjustment, if any, to beginning retained earnings for the cumulative effect of the change.

Supplementary Balance Sheet Inf

Supplementary Balance Sheet Information	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2016
Organization, Consolidation and Presentation of Financial Statements [Abstract]
Supplementary Balance Sheet Information	Supplementary Balance Sheet Information Short-term Investments The following table sets forth the composition of short-term investments as of December 31, 2016 . No such investments existed as of December 31, 2015 . Unrealized Maturity in Years Cost Gains Losses Fair Value Corporate debt securities Less than 1 year $ 14,165,915 $ 44 $ (5,273 ) $ 14,160,686 Commercial paper Less than 1 year 1,195,444 — — 1,195,444 U.S. treasury securities Less than 1 year 8,625,728 330 (4,166 ) 8,621,892 Total Investment $ 23,987,087 $ 374 $ (9,439 ) $ 23,978,022 Property and Equipment Fixed assets consist of laboratory, testing and computer equipment and fixtures stated at cost. Depreciation and amortization expense for the years ended December 31, 2016 , 2015 , and 2014 was $969,833 , $378,711 , and $234,813 , respectively. Property and equipment consisted of the following: As of December 31, 2016 2015 Furniture and office equipment $ 1,144,741 $ 1,264,547 Leasehold improvements 1,994,514 39,401 Laboratory equipment 2,449,645 2,241,413 5,588,900 3,545,361 Less—accumulated depreciation and amortization (1,761,985 ) (854,782 ) Property and equipment, net $ 3,826,915 $ 2,690,579 Accrued Liabilities Accrued liabilities consisted of the following: As of December 31, 2016 2015 Accrued compensation $ 2,203,876 $ 896,404 Accrued research agreements 736,199 386,267 Accrued professional fees 421,314 — Other accrued liabilities 659,976 621,126 Total accrued liabilities $ 4,021,365 $ 1,903,797

Stockholders' Equity

Stockholders' Equity	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2016
Stockholders' Equity Note [Abstract]
Stockholders' Equity	Stockholders’ Equity Common Stock During the year ended December 31, 2014, the Company issued a total of 13,011 shares of common stock upon the net exercise of warrants at a weighted-average exercise price of $3.00 . During the year ended December 31, 2015, the Company issued a total of 10,821,808 shares of common stock. The Company received gross proceeds of approximately $63.2 million from the sale of 9,711,110 shares of its common stock through underwritten public offerings in February 2015 and July 2015. The Company also received gross proceeds of approximately $2.8 million from the sale of 285,421 shares of its common stock at a weighted-average price of $9.66 under the agreement with the Agent. In addition, 265,166 shares were issued upon exercise of options for a weighted-average price of $3.25 , 282,975 shares were issued upon exercise of warrants for a weighted-average price of $4.91 , and 277,136 shares were issued upon net exercise of 449,403 warrants at a weighted-average exercise price of $3.05 . During the year ended December 31, 2016, the Company issued a total of 959,190 shares of common stock. The Company received gross proceeds of approximately $2.4 million from the sale of 421,810 shares of its common stock at a weighted-average price of $5.61 under the agreement with the Agent. In addition, 98,396 shares were issued upon exercise of options for a weighted-average price of $3.73 , 341,333 shares were issued upon net exercise of 1,236,875 options at a weighted average exercise price of $3.81 , 2,651 shares were issued upon net exercise of 8,333 warrants at a weighted-average exercise price of $3.00 , and 95,000 shares were issued upon vesting of restricted stock units. Warrants A summary of warrant activity and changes in warrants outstanding, including both liability and equity classifications, is presented below: Number of Warrants Weighted-Average Exercise Price Per Share Weighted-Average Remaining Contractual Term Balance outstanding, December 31, 2013 6,233,483 $ 3.87 4.5 Granted 85,470 $ 3.51 Exercised (36,666 ) $ 3.00 Expired (16,667 ) $ 10.80 Balance outstanding, December 31, 2014 6,265,620 $ 3.85 3.6 Exercised (732,378 ) $ 3.77 Balance outstanding, December 31, 2015 5,533,242 $ 3.86 2.5 Granted 30,992 $ 4.84 Exercised (8,333 ) $ 3.00 Expired (50,000 ) $ 8.00 Balance outstanding, December 31, 2016 5,505,901 $ 3.83 1.6 The Company issued warrants to purchase 85,470 shares of common stock at an exercise price of $3.51 per share during the year ended December 31, 2014. The warrants were issued in connection with a $15.0 million debt agreement. The estimated fair value of the warrants was determined on the date of grant using the Black-Scholes option valuation model using the following assumptions: a risk-free interest rate of 2.53% , dividend yield of 0% , expected volatility of 73.8% and expected term of ten years . The resulting fair value of $235,857 was recorded as a debt discount and was amortized to interest expense over the term of the loan using the effective interest method. In July 2016, the debt was refinanced in accordance with the fifth amendment to the debt agreement. The unamortized debt discount was amortized to interest expense over the new term of the loan using the effective interest method. The Company issued warrants to purchase 30,992 shares of common stock at an exercise price of $4.84 per share during the year ended December 31, 2016. The warrants were issued in connection with the fifth amendment to the debt agreement. The estimated fair value of the warrants was determined on the date of grant using the Black-Scholes option valuation model using the following assumptions: a risk-free interest rate of 1.59% , dividend yield of 0% , expected volatility of 130.66% and expected term of ten years . The resulting fair value of $148,885 was recorded as a debt discount and was amortized to interest expense over the new term of the loan using the effective interest method. Series A Convertible Preferred Stock The material terms of the Series A Convertible Preferred Stock consist of: 1) Dividends. Holders of the Company’s Series A Convertible Preferred Stock are entitled to receive cumulative dividends at the rate per share of 4% per annum, payable quarterly on March 31, June 30, September 30 and December 31, beginning with September 30, 2005. Dividends are payable, at the Company’s sole election, in cash or shares of common stock. As of December 31, 2016 , 2015 , and 2014 , the Company had $292,535 , $268,295 , and $244,055 , respectively in accrued cumulative unpaid preferred stock dividends, included in accrued liabilities in the Company’s consolidated balance sheets, and $24,240 , $24,240 , and $23,015 of accrued dividends was recorded during the years ended December 31, 2016 , 2015 , and 2014 , respectively. 2) Voting Rights. Shares of the Series A Convertible Preferred Stock have no voting rights. However, so long as any shares of Series A Convertible Preferred Stock are outstanding, the Company may not, without the affirmative vote of the holders of the shares of Series A Convertible Preferred Stock then outstanding, (a) adversely change the powers, preferences or rights given to the Series A Convertible Preferred Stock, (b) authorize or create any class of stock senior or equal to the Series A Convertible Preferred Stock, (c) amend its certificate of incorporation or other charter documents, so as to affect adversely any rights of the holders of Series A Convertible Preferred Stock or (d) increase the authorized number of shares of Series A Convertible Preferred Stock. 3) Liquidation. Upon any liquidation, dissolution or winding-up of the Company, the holders of the Series A Convertible Preferred Stock are entitled to receive an amount equal to the Stated Value per share, which is currently $10 per share plus any accrued and unpaid dividends. 4) Conversion Rights. Each share of Series A Convertible Preferred Stock is convertible at the option of the holder into that number of shares of common stock determined by dividing the Stated Value, currently $10 per share, by the conversion price, originally $2.15 per share. 5) Subsequent Equity Sales. The conversion price is subject to adjustment for dilutive issuances for a period of 12 months beginning upon registration of the common stock underlying the Series A Convertible Preferred Stock. The relevant registration statement became effective on March 17, 2006 and during the following twelve month period the conversion price was adjusted to $9.60 per share. 6) Automatic Conversion. If the price of the Company’s common stock equals $25.80 per share for 20 consecutive trading days, and an average of 8,333 shares of common stock per day are traded during the 20 trading days, the Company will have the right to deliver a notice to the holders of the Series A Convertible Preferred Stock, requesting the holders to convert any portion of the shares of Series A Convertible Preferred Stock into shares of common stock at the applicable conversion price. As of the date of these financial statements, such conditions have not been met. As of each of December 31, 2016 , 2015 , and 2014 , there were 60,600 shares of Series A Convertible Preferred Stock outstanding.

Stock-Based Compensation

Stock-Based Compensation	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2016
Disclosure of Compensation Related Costs, Share-based Payments [Abstract]
Stock-Based Compensation	Stock-Based Compensation In June 2004, the Company adopted the Trovagene Stock Option Plan, as amended (the “2004 Plan”), under which up to 6,000,000 shares common stock were reserved for issuance to directors and eligible employees, including executive officers and consultants. Generally, vesting for options granted under the Plan was from three to four years , and options expired after a 10 -year period. Options were granted at an exercise price not less than the fair market value at the date of grant. As of December 31, 2014, the 2004 Plan was expired. The Trovagene, Inc. 2014 Equity Incentive Plan (the “2014 EIP’), authorizing up to 2,500,000 shares of common stock for issuance under the 2014 EIP, was approved by the Board in June 2014 and approved by the stockholders of the Company at the September 17, 2014 Annual Meeting of Stockholders. An additional 2,500,000 shares of common stock was authorized for issuance by the Board in March 2015 and was approved by the stockholders at the June 10, 2015 Annual Meeting of Stockholders. During the year ended December 31, 2016, the Company had issued 996,000 options to its executive officers and non-employee directors that were over the authorized number of shares available in the 2014 EIP and were subject to shareholder approval. As per ASC Topic 718, the options were accounted for as liabilities and recorded at fair value with the changes in fair value being recorded in the Company’s consolidated statements of operations. Stockholder approval was obtained on May 17, 2016 to increase the number of authorized shares in the 2014 EIP from 5,000,000 to 7,500,000 . Accordingly, the options were remeasured as of the date of stockholder approval with the change recorded in stock based compensation expense and the $217,333 liability was reclassified to additional paid in capital. As of December 31, 2016 , there were 2,829,858 shares available for issuance under the 2014 EIP. Stock-based compensation has been recognized in operating results as follows: Years ended December 31, 2016 2015 2014 In cost of revenue $ 122,301 $ 39,676 $ — In research and development expenses 2,420,696 1,499,009 796,008 In selling and marketing expense 2,111,366 768,146 145,239 In general and administrative expenses 2,910,156 1,639,196 1,128,947 Benefit from restructuring (60,203 ) — — Total stock-based compensation $ 7,504,316 $ 3,946,027 $ 2,070,194 Stock Options The estimated fair value of stock option awards was determined on the date of grant using the Black-Scholes option valuation model with the following assumptions during the years indicated below: Years ended December 31, 2016 2015 2014 Risk-free interest rate 0.93% - 1.89% 1.35% - 2.15% 1.42% - 2.1% Dividend yield 0% 0% 0% Expected volatility (range) 80% - 134% 73% - 77% 81% - 86% Expected volatility (weighted-average) 103% 75% 85% Expected term (in years) 5.5 years 6.0 years 5.8 years Risk-free interest rate — Based on the daily yield curve rates for U.S. Treasury obligations with maturities that correspond to the expected term of the Company’s stock options. Dividend yield — Trovagene has not paid any dividends on common stock since its inception and does not anticipate paying dividends on its common stock in the foreseeable future. Expected volatility — Based on the historical volatility of Trovagene’s common stock. Expected term — The expected option term represents the period that stock-based awards are expected to be outstanding based on the simplified method provided in Staff Accounting Bulletin (“SAB”) No. 107, Share-Based Payment (“SAB No. 107”), which averages an award’s weighted-average vesting period and expected term for “plain vanilla” share options. Under SAB No. 107, options are considered to be “plain vanilla” if they have the following basic characteristics: (1) are granted “at-the-money”; (2) exercisability is conditioned upon service through the vesting date; (3) termination of service prior to vesting results in forfeiture; (4) limited exercise period following termination of service; and (5) are non-transferable and non-hedgeable. Forfeitures — FASB ASC Topic 718 (“ASC 718”) requires forfeitures to be estimated at the time of grant and revised, if necessary, in subsequent periods if actual forfeitures differ from those estimates. The Company estimates forfeitures based on its historical experience. The weighted-average fair value per share of all options granted during the years ended December 31, 2016 , 2015 , and 2014 , estimated as of the grant date using the Black-Scholes option valuation model, was $3.60 , $4.60 and $3.16 per share, respectively. The unrecognized compensation cost related to non-vested stock options outstanding at December 31, 2016 and 2015 was $8,211,896 and $10,430,604 , respectively. The weighted-average remaining amortization period at December 31, 2016 and 2015 for non-vested stock options was 2.8 years and 3.1 years , respectively. The total intrinsic value of stock options exercised was $1,932,799 , $1,382,255 and $0 during the years ended December 31, 2016 , 2015 and 2014 , respectively. The total fair value of shares vested during the years ended December 31, 2016 , 2015 and 2014 was $6,261,655 , $2,634,688 and $1,960,256 , respectively. A summary of stock option activity and of changes in stock options outstanding is presented below: Number of Options Weighted-Average Exercise Price Per Share Intrinsic Value Weighted-Average Remaining Contractual Life Balance outstanding, December 31, 2013 4,287,545 $ 5.18 $ 5,896,329 6.7 years Granted 1,410,038 $ 4.42 Forfeited (784,111 ) $ 7.08 Balance outstanding, December 31, 2014 4,913,472 $ 4.66 $ 2,808,083 7.6 years Granted 2,688,500 $ 7.02 Exercised (265,166 ) $ 3.25 Forfeited (388,176 ) $ 7.75 Balance outstanding, December 31, 2015 6,948,630 $ 5.45 $ 5,903,466 7.8 years Granted 3,246,250 $ 5.02 Exercised (1,335,271 ) $ 3.81 Forfeited (3,330,981 ) $ 5.63 Balance outstanding, December 31, 2016 5,528,628 $ 5.49 $ — 7.7 years Vested and exercisable, December 31, 2016 2,415,461 $ 5.18 $ — 6.4 years ASC 718 requires that cash flows resulting from tax deductions in excess of the cumulative compensation cost recognized for options exercised (excess tax benefits) be classified as cash inflows from financing activities and cash outflows from operating activities. Due to Trovagene’s accumulated deficit position, no tax benefits have been recognized in the cash flow statement. Restricted Stock Units Under guidance provided by ASC Topic 718 “Compensation—Stock Compensation” for share-based payments, stock-based compensation cost for restricted stock units is measured at the grant date based on the closing market price of the Company’s common stock at the grant date and recognized ratably over the service period through the vesting date. All restricted stock units were granted with no purchase price. Vesting of the restricted stock units is generally subject to service conditions, while vesting of certain units are based on attainment of specific performance objectives. There were no restricted stock units granted during the year ended December 31, 2015 and 2014. A summary of the restricted stock unit activity is presented below: Number of Shares Weighted Average Grant Date Fair Value Per Share Intrinsic Non-vested restricted stock units outstanding, December 31, 2015 — $ — Granted 402,000 $ 4.06 Vested (95,000 ) $ 4.27 Forfeited (35,000 ) $ 3.99 Non-vested restricted stock units outstanding, December 31, 2016 272,000 $ 3.99 $ 571,200 All restricted stock units outstanding as of December 31, 2016 vested on January 2, 2017. At December 31, 2016 , total unrecognized compensation cost related to non-vested restricted stock units was $4,430 , which is expected to be recognized over one day . The total intrinsic value of restricted stock units vested was $293,781 during the year ended December 31, 2016 . The total fair value of restricted stock units vested during the year ended December 31, 2016 was $405,550 .

Derivative Financial Instrument

Derivative Financial Instruments - Warrants	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2016
Derivative Instruments and Hedging Activities Disclosure [Abstract]
Derivative Financial Instruments - Warrants	Derivative Financial Instruments — Warrants Based upon the Company’s analysis of the criteria contained in ASC Topic 815-40, Contracts in Entity’s Own Equity (“ASC 815-40”), Trovagene has determined that certain warrants issued in connection with its private placements must be recorded as derivative liabilities with a charge to additional paid-in capital as they were issued with other equity instruments. In accordance with ASC 815-40, the warrants are also being re-measured at each balance sheet date based on estimated fair value, and any resultant change in fair value is being recorded in the Company’s statement of operations. The Company estimates the fair value of these warrants using the Black-Scholes option pricing model. The range of assumptions used to determine the fair value of the warrants valued using the Black-Scholes option pricing model during the periods indicated was: Year ended December 31 2016 2015 2014 Estimated fair value of Trovagene common stock $2.10 - $4.65 $5.40 - $10.15 $3.00 - $6.74 Expected warrant term 2.0 - 2.8 years 3.0 - 3.8 years 4.0 years Risk-free interest rate 0.71% - 1.20% 0.89% - 1.31% 1.38% Expected volatility 82% - 94% 73% - 77% 86% Dividend yield —% —% —% Expected volatility is based on the historical volatility of Trovagene’s common stock. The warrants have a transferability provision and based on guidance provided in SAB No. 107 for instruments issued with such a provision, Trovagene used the full contractual term as the expected term of the warrants. The risk-free interest rate is based on the U.S. Treasury security rates consistent with the expected remaining term of the warrants at each balance sheet date. The following table sets forth the components of changes in the Company’s derivative financial instruments — warrants liability balance, valued using the Black-Scholes option pricing method, for the periods indicated. Date Description Number of Warrants Derivative Instrument Liability December 31, 2014 Balance of derivative financial instruments — warrants liability 1,013,961 $ 3,006,021 Exercised warrants (46,666 ) (435,365 ) Change in fair value of warrants during the year recognized as a loss in the statement of operations — 726,421 December 31, 2015 Balance of derivative financial instruments — warrants liability 967,295 3,297,077 Change in fair value of warrants during the year recognized as a gain in the statement of operations — (2,462,137 ) December 31, 2016 Balance of derivative financial instruments — warrants liability 967,295 $ 834,940 The remaining contractual term of these warrants outstanding at December 31, 2016 and 2015 was approximately 2.0 and 3.0 years, respectively. At December 31, 2016 and 2015 , the total fair value of the above warrants accounted for as derivative financial instruments — warrants, valued using the Black-Scholes option pricing model, was $834,940 and $3,297,077 , respectively, and is classified as derivative financial instruments — warrants liability on the balance sheet.

Fair Value Measurements

Fair Value Measurements	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2016
Fair Value Disclosures [Abstract]
Fair Value Measurements	Fair Value Measurements The following table presents the Company’s assets and liabilities that are measured and recognized at fair value on a recurring basis classified under the appropriate level of the fair value hierarchy as of December 31, 2016 and 2015 : Fair Value Measurements at Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Assets and Liabilities Significant Other Observable Inputs Significant Unobservable Inputs Total Assets: Money market fund (1) $ 12,095,620 $ — $ — $ 12,095,620 Corporate debt securities (2) — 14,160,686 — 14,160,686 Commercial paper (3) — 2,393,948 — 2,393,948 U.S. treasury securities (2) — 8,621,892 — 8,621,892 Total Assets $ 12,095,620 $ 25,176,526 $ — $ 37,272,146 Liabilities: Derivative financial instruments — warrants $ — $ — $ 834,940 $ 834,940 Total Liabilities $ — $ — $ 834,940 $ 834,940 Fair Value Measurements at Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Assets and Liabilities Significant Other Observable Inputs Significant Unobservable Inputs Total Assets: Money market fund (1) $ 65,016,222 $ — $ — $ 65,016,222 Total Assets $ 65,016,222 $ — $ — $ 65,016,222 Liabilities: Derivative financial instruments — warrants $ — $ — $ 3,297,077 $ 3,297,077 Total Liabilities $ — $ — $ 3,297,077 $ 3,297,077 (1) Included as a component of cash and cash equivalents on the accompanying consolidated balance sheet. (2) Included in short-term investments on the accompanying consolidated balance sheet. (3) $1,198,504 of commercial paper was included as a component of cash and cash equivalents, and the rest of amount was included in short-term investments on the accompanying consolidated balance sheet. The following table sets forth a summary of changes in the fair value of the Company’s Level 3 liabilities for the years ended December 31, 2016 and 2015 : Description Balance at Unrealized (gains) or losses Balance at Derivative financial instruments — Warrants $ 3,297,077 $ (2,462,137 ) $ 834,940 Description Balance at Fair Value of Warrants Reclassified to Additional Paid-in Capital Unrealized (gains) or losses Balance at Derivative financial instruments — Warrants $ 3,006,021 $ (435,365 ) $ 726,421 $ 3,297,077 The unrealized gains or losses on the derivative financial instruments—warrants are recorded as a change in fair value of derivative financial instruments—warrants in the Company’s consolidated statement of operations. A financial instrument’s level within the fair value hierarchy is based on the lowest level of any input that is significant to the fair value measurement. At each reporting period, the Company reviews the assets and liabilities that are subject to ASC Topic 815-40. At each reporting period, all assets and liabilities for which the fair value measurement is based on significant unobservable inputs or instruments that trade infrequently and therefore have little or no price transparency are classified as Level 3.

Debt

Debt	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2016
Debt Disclosure [Abstract]
Debt	Debt Equipment Line of Credit In November 2015, the Company entered into a Loan and Security Agreement (“Equipment Line of Credit”) with Silicon Valley Bank that provided for cash borrowings for equipment (“Equipment Advances”) of up to $2.0 million , secured by the equipment financed. Under the terms of the agreement, interest is equal to 1.25% above the Prime Rate. At December 31, 2016 , the interest rate was 5.0% . Interest only payments are due on borrowings through November 30, 2016, with both interest and principal payments commencing in December 2016. Any equipment advances after November 30, 2016 are subject to principal and interest payments immediately over a 36 -month period following the advance. All unpaid principal and interest on each Equipment Advance will be due on November 1, 2019. The Company has an obligation to make a final payment equal to 7% of total amounts borrowed at the loan maturity date. The Company is also subject to certain affirmative and negative covenants under the Equipment Line of Credit. As of December 31, 2016 , the Company was in compliance with all covenants. As of December 31, 2016 , amounts due under the Equipment Line of Credit included $626,104 in current liabilities and $1,232,534 in long-term liabilities, which includes $32,501 of final fee premium accretion. The Company recorded $111,293 in interest expense related to the Equipment Line of Credit during the year ended December 31, 2016 . Future maturities of long-term debt at December 31, 2016 are as follows: 2017 $ 626,104 2018 626,104 2019 573,929 Total principal 1,826,137 Plus final fee premium accretion 32,501 Total long-term obligations $ 1,858,638 Loan and Security Agreement In June 2014, the Company entered into a $15,000,000 loan and security agreement (“Agreement”) with two banks pursuant to which the lenders provided the Company with a term loan, which was funded at closing. The loan is secured by a security interest in all of the Company’s assets except intellectual property, which is subject to a negative pledge. In connection with the loan, each of the lenders received a warrant to purchase up to an aggregate of 85,470 shares of the Company’s common stock at an exercise price of $3.51 per share, which such warrants are exercisable for ten years from the date of issuance. On July 20, 2016, the Company signed the 5th Amendment to Loan and Security Agreement (“Amendment”) to refinance its existing term loan. Under the Amendment, the interest rate was adjusted to 3.75% plus the Wall Street Journal Prime Rate (subject to a floor of 7.25% ). At December 31, 2016 , the interest rate was 7.5% . The Amendment also extended the maturity date of the loan to February 1, 2020. The Company is required to make interest only payments on the outstanding amount of the loan on a monthly basis through September 1, 2017, after which equal monthly payments of principal and interest are due until the loan maturity date of February 1, 2020. In addition, the lenders received a warrant to purchase an aggregate 30,992 shares of the Company’s common stock at an exercise price of $4.84 per share exercisable for ten years from the date of issuance. The fair value of the warrants, totaling $148,885 , was recorded as debt discount and additional paid-in capital as the warrants were equity classified. As of December 31, 2016 , warrants to purchase 73,727 shares of common stock remains outstanding, of which 42,735 of these warrants were in connection with the original Agreement. At the Company’s option, it may prepay all of the outstanding principal balance, subject to certain pre-payment fees ranging from 1% to 3% of the prepayment amount. In the event of a final payment of the loans under the loan agreement, either in the event of repayment of the loan at maturity or upon any prepayment, the Company is obligated to pay the amortized portion of the final fee of $1,125,000 . The Company is also subject to certain affirmative and negative covenants under the Agreement, including limitations on its ability to: undergo certain change of control events; convey, sell, lease, license, transfer or otherwise dispose of any equipment financed by loans under the loan agreement; create, incur, assume, guarantee or be liable with respect to indebtedness, subject to certain exceptions; grant liens on any equipment financed under the loan agreement; make or permit any payment on specified subordinated debt; and pay dividends. In addition, under the Agreement, subject to certain exceptions, the Company is required to maintain with the lender its primary operating, other deposit and securities accounts. Furthermore, under the Amendment, the Company is required to be in compliance with healthcare laws and regulations and terms and conditions of healthcare permits. The Company was in compliance with all covenants under the Agreement, as amended, as of December 31, 2016 . As of December 31, 2016 , amounts due under the Agreement include $1,734,005 in current liabilities, which include $265,995 of current portion of debt discount, and $12,943,825 in long-term liabilities, which include $192,171 of final fee premium accretion and $248,346 of debt discount. The Company recorded $1,563,049 in interest expense related to the Agreement during the year ended December 31, 2016 . Closing costs are being accreted over the life of the loan to interest expense. Future maturities of long-term debt at December 31, 2016 are as follows: 2017 $ 2,000,000 2018 6,000,000 2019 6,000,000 2020 1,000,000 Total principal 15,000,000 Less discount (514,341 ) Plus final fee premium accretion 192,171 Total long-term obligations $ 14,677,830

Income Taxes

Income Taxes	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2016
Income Tax Disclosure [Abstract]
Income Taxes	Income Taxes At December 31, 2016 , Trovagene had federal net operating loss carryforwards (NOLs) of approximately $106.7 million , which, if not used, expire beginning in 2020. Trovagene also has California NOLs of approximately $87.4 million that will begin to expire in 2021. Trovagene’s fully owned foreign subsidiary has an NOL carryover of $0.4 million . Trovagene also has research and development tax credits available for federal and California purposes of approximately $2.0 million and $0.8 million , respectively. The federal research and development tax credits will begin to expire on January 31, 2025. The California research and development tax credits are not set to expire. The utilization of these NOLs and research and development tax credits is subject to limitations based on past and future changes in ownership of Trovagene pursuant to Section 382 (“Section 382”) of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended (the “Code”). The Company has determined that ownership changes have occurred for purposes of Section 382 and, therefore, the ability of the Company to utilize its NOLs is limited. The provision for income taxes based on losses from continuing operations consists of the following at December 31 (in thousands): Years ended December 31, 2016 2015 2014 Deferred benefit Federal $ (14,035 ) $ (9,602 ) $ (5,651 ) State (2,443 ) (1,742 ) (449 ) Foreign (114 ) — — Total deferred benefit (16,592 ) (11,344 ) (6,100 ) Valuation allowance 16,592 11,344 6,100 Total income tax provision $ — $ — $ — Significant components of the Company’s taxes and the rates as of December 31 are shown below (in thousands, except percentages): Years ended December 31, 2016 2015 Tax computed at the federal statutory rate $ (13,206 ) 34 % $ (9,340 ) 34 % State tax, net of federal tax benefit (2,286 ) 6 % (1,559 ) 6 % Foreign Tax (114 ) — % — — % Permanent Items (114 ) — % 258 (1 )% Tax credits (1,276 ) 3 % (997 ) 3 % Valuation allowance increase 16,996 (43 )% 11,638 (42 )% Provision for income taxes $ — — % $ — — % Significant components of the Company’s deferred tax assets and liabilities from federal and state income taxes as of December 31 are shown below (in thousands): Years ended December 31, 2016 2015 Deferred tax assets Tax loss carryforwards $ 41,502 $ 27,962 Research and development credits and other tax credits 2,817 1,698 Stock-based compensation 4,658 3,225 Other 1,283 782 Total deferred tax assets 50,260 33,667 Valuation allowance (50,260 ) (33,667 ) Net deferred tax asset $ — $ — Trovagene records a valuation allowance against deferred tax assets to the extent that it is more likely than not that some portion, or all of, the deferred tax assets will not be realized. Due to the substantial doubt related to Trovagene’s ability to utilize its deferred tax assets, the Company recorded a valuation allowance against the deferred tax. FASB ASC Topic 740-10-30-7, Accounting for Income Taxes had no effect on Trovagene’s financial position, cash flows or results of operations upon adoption, as Trovagene does not have any unrecognized tax benefits. Trovagene’s practice is to recognize interest and/or penalties related to income tax matters in income tax expense, and none have been incurred to date.

Commitments and Contingencies

Commitments and Contingencies	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2016
Commitments and Contingencies Disclosure [Abstract]
Commitments and Contingencies	Commitments and Contingencies Research and Development and License Agreements The Company has entered into a variety of collaborative research and specimen transfer agreements relating to its development efforts. Included in research and development expense, the Company has incurred and recorded approximately $2,535,000 , $1,362,000 , and $712,000 as of December 31, 2016 , 2015 and 2014 , respectively, relating to services provided by the collaborators in connection with these agreements. The Company is a party to various agreements under which it licenses technology on an exclusive basis in the field of human diagnostics. License fees are generally calculated as a percentage of product revenues, with rates that vary by agreement. To date, payments have not been material. Collaborative Arrangement In November 2016, the Company entered into a collaborative arrangement with Boreal to co-develop urine and blood ctDNA assay kits and systems and to globally distribute assay kits for use on the Boreal OnTarget™ system in blood and exclusively urine. The Company is accounting for the joint development and commercialization activities with this third party as a joint risk sharing collaboration in accordance with ASC Topic 808, Collaborative Arrangements (“ASC Topic 808”). ASC Topic 808 defines a collaborative arrangement as an arrangement where the parties are active participants and have exposure to significant risks. Under the terms of an agreement with Boreal, the Company is committed to make two milestone payments totaling $1.0 million for licensing and distribution rights. The Company paid the first milestone payment of $500,000 in December 2016 and the second milestone payment will be made upon the achievement of certain research and development objectives but no later than January 1, 2018. As of December 31, 2016, the Company has incurred and recorded approximately $475,000 in research and development expenses in connection with this collaborative arrangement. Litigation Trovagene does not believe that the Company has legal liabilities that are probable or reasonably possible that require either accrual or disclosure, except for the following: On March 28, 2016 the Company filed a complaint in the Superior Court of the State of California for the County of San Diego against the Company’s former CEO and CFO, for, among other things, breach of fiduciary duty for failing to present a lucrative corporate opportunity to the Company concerning promising new therapeutics in the field of precision medicine and instead taking that opportunity for their own personal benefit. The complaint asks that these two former executives be required to turn over their interests in these new therapeutics to the Company. The former CEO and CFO filed a cross complaint in the Superior Court of the State of California for the County of San Diego against the Company on May 23, 2016 for, among other things, breach of contract. The parties are currently engaged in the discovery process. From time to time, the Company may become involved in various lawsuits and legal proceedings that arise in the ordinary course of business. However, litigation is subject to inherent uncertainties, and an adverse result in these or other matters may arise from time to time that may harm the Company’s business. Employment and Consulting Agreements The Company has longer-term contractual commitments with various consultants and employees. Certain employment agreements provide for severance payments. Lease Agreements The Company currently leases approximately 26,100 square feet facilities in San Diego under an operating lease that expires on December 31, 2021 at a monthly rental rate of approximately $68,000 . The Company also leases certain lab and office space in Torino, Italy, of approximately 2,300 square feet at a monthly rental rate of approximately $3,100 . The lease is for a period of three years and expires December 31, 2018. Rent expense for the years ended December 31, 2016 , 2015 , and 2014 was approximately $602,000 , $471,000 and $315,000 , respectively. The Company is also a party to various non-cancelable operating lease agreements for office equipment. Total annual commitments under non-cancelable lease agreements for each of the years ended December 31 are as follows: 2017 $ 896,050 2018 918,751 2019 906,879 2020 931,457 2021 959,401 Thereafter — Total(1) $ 4,612,538 (1) This amount has not been reduced by sublease income of $306,066 . Public Offering and Controlled Equity Offering On May 27, 2016 the Company filed a Form S-3 Registration Statement to offer and sell in one or more offerings, any combination of common stock, preferred stock, debt securities, warrants, or units having an aggregate initial offering price not exceeding $250,000,000 . The preferred stock, debt securities, warrants, and units may be convertible or exercisable or exchangeable for common stock or preferred stock or other Trovagene securities. This form was declared effective on June 13, 2016. The Company has an agreement with the Agent on January 25, 2013 to issue and sell up to $30,000,000 of shares of common stock through the Agent. As payment for its services, the Agent is entitled to a 3% commission on gross proceeds. Gross proceeds of $2.4 million have been raised since the date of effectiveness of the Form S-3 on June 13, 2016. Database Usage In March 2016 the Company entered into an agreement with an outside vendor to develop an online database for test requisition and test results. Under the agreement, the Company is obligated to pay a fixed development fee, and a usage fee each time an external user completes and submits a test order form to the database. To date, the Company has paid the fixed development fee, but has incurred no costs in connection with the usage fees.

Employee Benefit Plan

Employee Benefit Plan	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2016
Compensation and Retirement Disclosure [Abstract]
Employee Benefit Plan	Employee Benefit Plan The Company has a retirement savings plan under Section 401(k) of the Code covering its employees. The plan allows employees to defer, up to the maximum allowed, a percentage of their income on a pre-tax basis through contributions to the plans, plus any employee age 50 and over can participate in the caught-up dollars as allowed by Internal Revenue Service codes. The Company also has a Roth investment plan that is taken after taxes. The Company does not currently make matching contributions.

Restructuring Charges

Restructuring Charges	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2016
Restructuring and Related Activities [Abstract]
Restructuring Charges	Restructuring Charges On December 13, 2016, the Company announced a strategic restructuring plan that allows it to concentrate on the distribution of kits and systems to be utilized by research institutions, cancer centers, and clinical service facilities for research use around the world. This restructuring plan included a reduction in force and has been completed as of December 31, 2016. The Company incurred approximately $790,000 in restructuring charges, which has been included as a component of operating loss for the year ended December 31, 2016. Restructuring charges include approximately $358,000 of costs related to termination of employees, which is net of a $60,000 stock-based compensation expense reversal for certain terminated employees. The remaining restructuring charges of approximately $432,000 were related to the impairment of an abandoned software development project. Of the total restructuring expenses recorded, approximately $418,000 remains to be paid as of December 31, 2016 and is included in accrued liabilities on the Company’s consolidated balance sheet.

Related Party Transactions

Related Party Transactions	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2016
Related Party Transactions [Abstract]
Related Party Transactions	Related Party Transactions In March 2016, the Company engaged Rutan & Tucker, LLP, a law firm to represent Trovagene, Inc. with respect to various lawsuits. One of the partners from Rutan & Tucker, LLP, is the son of the Company’s Chairman of the Board. The fees for legal services are based on the hourly rates of the individuals performing the legal services. During the year ended December 31, 2016 , the Company incurred and recorded approximately $537,000 of legal expenses for services performed by Rutan & Tucker, LLP. In September 2015, the Company entered into a research agreement with the University of Torino (“University”) to collaborate on a program of research to develop, optimize and test molecular profiling tools for plasma and urine ctDNA in cancer. Dr. Alberto Bardelli, the Principal Investigator of the University who oversees this research program, is also a member of the Scientific Advisory Board of the Company. Under the agreement, the Company committed to pay up to $743,000 for the services performed by the University. In addition, the Company may pay royalties to the University on revenue generated by the Company from the commercialization of any tools developed during the collaboration. During the years ended December 31, 2016 and 2015 , the Company incurred and recorded approximately $540,000 and $188,000 of research and development expenses related to the agreement, respectively. No royalty expense has been incurred as of December 31, 2016 .

Selected Quarterly Financial Da

Selected Quarterly Financial Data (Unaudited)	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2016
Quarterly Financial Data [Abstract]
Selected Quarterly Financial Data (Unaudited)	Selected Quarterly Financial Data (Unaudited) The following is a summary of the quarterly results of operations of the Company for years ended December 31, 2016 and 2015 : Quarter Ended(1) March 31 June 30 September 30 December 31 (dollars in thousands, except per share data) 2016 Revenues $ 120 $ 104 $ 89 $ 68 Operating expenses $ 10,579 $ 10,084 $ 10,013 $ 9,850 Net loss attributable to common stockholders $ (10,269 ) $ (10,208 ) $ (10,197 ) $ (8,554 ) Net loss per common share - basic $ (0.35 ) $ (0.34 ) $ (0.34 ) $ (0.28 ) Net loss per common share - diluted $ (0.36 ) $ (0.34 ) $ (0.34 ) $ (0.34 ) Shares used in the calculation of net loss attributable to common stockholders - basic 29,755,184 29,958,037 30,339,774 30,639,440 Shares used in the calculation of net loss attributable to common stockholders - diluted 30,108,377 29,958,037 30,339,774 30,711,946 2015 Revenues $ 127 $ 49 $ 58 $ 79 Operating expenses $ 4,975 $ 6,682 $ 6,467 $ 7,463 Net loss attributable to common stockholders $ (7,180 ) $ (10,186 ) $ (2,742 ) $ (7,387 ) Net loss per common share - basic $ (0.33 ) $ (0.41 ) $ (0.10 ) $ (0.25 ) Net loss per common share - diluted $ (0.33 ) $ (0.41 ) $ (0.23 ) $ (0.26 ) Shares used in the calculation of net loss attributable to common stockholders - basic 21,817,710 24,592,883 28,560,211 29,723,254 Shares used in the calculation of net loss attributable to common stockholders - diluted 21,817,710 24,592,883 29,128,235 30,157,038 (1) Basic and diluted net loss per common share are computed independently for each of the periods presented. Accordingly, the sum of the quarterly net loss per common share amount may not agree to the total for the year.

Subsequent Events

Subsequent Events	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2016
Subsequent Events [Abstract]
Subsequent Events	Subsequent Events On March 13, 2017, the Company entered into a license agreement with Nerviano Medical Sciences, S.r.l., a leading oncology discovery organization (“Nerviano”), that grants the Company exclusive global development and commercialization rights to NMS-1286937, which the Company refers to as PCM-075. PCM-075 is an oral, investigative drug and a highly selective adenosine triphosphate (ATP) competitive inhibitor of the serine/threonine polo-like-kinase 1 (PLK 1). Pursuant to the license agreement, the Company will assume sole responsibility for global development and commercialization of PCM-075. Trovagene will pay Nerviano an upfront payment of $2.0 million , as well as development and regulatory-based milestone payments and royalty payments on future net sales of PCM-075. Nerviano is the current manufacturer of bulk and finished drug for PCM-075 and the Company has all rights to manufacture bulk and finished goods. On March 15, 2017, in connection with the addition of precision medicine therapeutics to its business, the Company announced a restructuring which the Company estimates will reduce annual pre-tax expenses by approximately $8.0 million per year, primarily through a reduction of approximately 30 employees and expenses primarily linked to research, clinical studies, and operations. The Company plans to continue providing access to its ctDNA collection, extraction and analysis technology in urine and blood to strategic accounts, including pharmaceutical companies and third party reference laboratories, by internal strategic executives. The Company intends to maintain its CLIA/CAP-certified laboratory for clinical testing services for pharmaceutical companies, third party reference laboratories and physicians and for internal programs.

Basis of Presentation and Sum23

Basis of Presentation and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies (Policies)	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2016
Accounting Policies [Abstract]
Use of Estimates	Use of Estimates The preparation of financial statements in conformity with U.S. GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. Actual results could differ from those estimates.
Cash and Cash Equivalents	Cash and Cash Equivalents Cash and cash equivalents consist of operating, money market accounts and commercial paper as of December 31, 2016 and operating and money market accounts as of December 31, 2015 on deposit. Cash equivalents are considered by the Company to be highly liquid investments purchased with original maturities of three months or less from the date of purchase.
Short-Term Investments	Short-Term Investments Short-term investments consist of corporate debt securities, U.S. treasury securities, and commercial paper. The Company classifies its short-term investments as available-for-sale, as the sale of such securities may be required prior to maturity to execute management strategies. Investments classified as available-for-sale are carried at fair value, with the unrealized gains and losses reported as a component of consolidated accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) in stockholders’ equity until realized. Realized gains and losses from the sale of available-for-sale securities, if any, are determined on a specific identification basis. A decline in the market value of any available-for-sale security below cost that is determined to be other than temporary will result in an impairment charge to earnings and a new cost basis for the security is established. No such impairment charges were recorded for any period presented. Premiums and discounts are amortized or accreted over the life of the related security as an adjustment to yield using the straight-line method and included in interest income. Interest income is recognized when earned. Realized gains and losses on investments in securities will be included in other income (loss) within the consolidated statements of operations. There were no realized gains and losses for the years ended December 31, 2016 , 2015 and 2014 .
Concentration of Credit Risk	Concentration of Credit Risk Financial instruments that potentially subject the Company to significant concentrations of credit risk consist primarily of cash and cash equivalents and short-term investments. The Company maintains deposit accounts at financial institutions that are in excess of federally insured limits. The Company has not experienced any losses in such accounts and believes it is not exposed to significant risk on its cash due to the financial position of the depository institution in which those deposits are held. We limit our exposure to credit loss by generally placing our cash and short-term investments in high credit quality financial institutions and investment in fixed income instruments denominated and payable in U.S. dollars. Additionally, we have established guidelines regarding diversification of our investments and their maturities, which are designed to maintain principal and maximize liquidity.
Revenues	Revenues Revenue is recognized when persuasive evidence that an arrangement exists, delivery has occurred, the price is fixed or determinable, and collection is reasonably assured. Milestone, Royalty and License Revenues The Company licenses and sublicenses its patent rights to healthcare companies, medical laboratories and biotechnology partners. These agreements may involve multiple elements such as license fees, royalties and milestone payments. Revenue is recognized when the criteria described above have been met as well as the following: • Up-front nonrefundable license fees pursuant to agreements under which the Company has no continuing performance obligations are recognized as revenues on the effective date of the agreement and when collection is reasonably assured. • Minimum royalties are recognized as earned, and royalties are earned based on the licensee’s use. The Company is unable to predict licensee’s sales and thus revenue is recognized upon receipt of notification from licensee and payment when collection is assured. Notification is generally one quarter in arrears. • Milestone payments are recognized when both the milestone is achieved and the related payment is received. Diagnostic Service Revenues Revenue for clinical laboratory tests may come from several sources, including commercial third-party payors, such as insurance companies and health maintenance organizations, government payors, such as Medicare and Medicaid in the United States, patient self-pay and, in some cases, from hospitals or referring laboratories who, in turn, might bill third-party payors for testing. The Company is recognizing diagnostic service revenue on the cash collection basis until such time as it is able to properly estimate collections on third party reimbursements. Clinical Research Services Revenue Revenue from clinical research services consists primarily of revenue from the sale of urine and blood collection supplies under agreements with our clinical research and business development partners. Revenue is recognized when supplies are delivered.
Allowance for Doubtful Accounts	Allowance for Doubtful Accounts The Company reviews the collectability of accounts receivable based on an assessment of historic experience, current economic conditions, and other collection indicators. At each of December 31, 2016 , 2015 and 2014 , the Company had not recorded an allowance for doubtful accounts. When accounts are determined to be uncollectible, they are written off against the reserve balance and the reserve is reassessed. When payments are received on reserved accounts, they are applied to the individual’s account and the reserve is reassessed.
Derivative Financial Instruments—Warrants	Derivative Financial Instruments—Warrants The Company has issued common stock warrants in connection with the execution of certain equity financings. Such warrants are classified as derivative liabilities under the provisions of FASB ASC Topic 815, Derivatives and Hedging (“ASC 815”) and are recorded at their fair market value as of each reporting period. Such warrants do not meet the exemption that a contract should not be considered a derivative instrument if it is (1) indexed to its own stock and (2) classified in stockholders’ equity. Changes in fair value of derivative liabilities are recorded in the consolidated statement of operations under the caption “Change in fair value of derivative instruments.” The fair value of warrants is determined using the Black-Scholes option-pricing model using assumptions regarding the volatility of Trovagene’s common stock price, the remaining life of the warrant, and the risk-free interest rates at each period end. The Company thus uses model-derived valuations where inputs are observable in active markets to determine the fair value and accordingly classifies such warrants in Level 3 per FASB ASC Topic 820, Fair Value Measurements (“ASC 820”).
Stock-Based Compensation	Stock-Based Compensation FASB ASC Topic 718 “ Compensation—Stock Compensation ” (“ASC 718”) requires companies to measure the cost of employee services received in exchange for the award of equity instruments based on the estimated fair value of the award at the date of grant. The expense is recognized ratably over the period during which an employee is required to provide services in exchange for the award. ASC 718 did not change the way Trovagene accounts for non-employee stock-based compensation. Trovagene continues to account for shares of common stock, stock options and warrants issued to non-employees based on the fair value of the stock, stock option or warrant, if that value is more reliably measurable than the fair value of the consideration or services received. The Company accounts for stock options issued and vesting to non-employees in accordance with FASB ASC Topic 505-50 “ Equity-Based Payment to Non-Employees ” , and, accordingly, the value of the stock compensation to non-employees is based upon the measurement date as determined at either (1) the date at which a performance commitment is reached, or (2) the date at which the necessary performance to earn the equity instruments is complete. Therefore, the fair value of these options is being “marked to market” quarterly until the measurement date is determined.
Fair Value of Financial Instruments	Fair Value of Financial Instruments Financial instruments consist of cash and cash equivalents, short-term investments, accounts receivable, accounts payable, debt and derivative liabilities. The Company has adopted ASC 820 for financial assets and liabilities that are required to be measured at fair value and non-financial assets and liabilities that are not required to be measured at fair value on a recurring basis. These financial instruments are stated at their respective historical carrying amounts, which approximate fair value due to their short term nature as they reflect current market interest rates. Debt is stated at its respective historical carrying amounts, which approximate fair value as they reflect current market interest rates. In accordance with FASB ASC Subtopic 820-10, the Company measures certain assets and liabilities at fair value on a recurring basis using the three-tier fair value hierarchy, which prioritizes the inputs used in measuring fair value. The three tiers include: • Level 1 — Quoted prices for identical instruments in active markets. • Level 2 — Quoted prices for similar instruments in active markets; quoted prices for identical or similar instruments in markets that are not active; and model-derived valuations where inputs are observable or where significant value drivers are observable. • Level 3 — Instruments where significant value drivers are unobservable to third parties.
Long-Lived Assets	Long-Lived Assets Long-lived assets consist of property and equipment and finite-lived intangible assets. The Company records property and equipment at cost, and records other intangible assets based on their fair values at the date of acquisition. Depreciation on property and equipment is calculated using the straight-line method over the estimate useful life of five years for laboratory equipment and three to five years for furniture and office equipment. Amortization of leasehold improvements is computed based on the shorter of the life of the asset or the term of the lease. Amortization of intangible assets is calculated using the straight line method over the estimate useful life of the assets, based on when the Company expect to receive cash inflows generated by the intangible assets.
Impairment Losses on Long-Lived Assets	Impairment losses on long lived assets used in operations are recorded when indicators of impairment are present and the undiscounted cash flows estimated to be generated by those assets are less than the assets carrying amount. If such assets are considered to be impaired, the impairment to be recognized is measured by the amount by which the carrying amount of the assets exceeds the estimated fair value of the assets.
Restructuring	Restructuring Restructuring costs are included in loss from operations in the consolidated statements of operations. The Company has accounted for these costs in accordance with ASC Topic 420, Exit or Disposa l Cost Obligations . One-time termination benefits are recorded at the time they are communicated to the affected employees. In December 2016, the Company announced a restructuring plan which was completed as of December 31, 2016. See Note 12 to the audited consolidated financial statements for further information.
Income Taxes	Income Taxes Income taxes are determined using the asset and liability approach of accounting for income taxes. Under this approach, deferred taxes represent the future tax consequences expected to occur when the reported amounts of assets and liabilities are recovered or paid. Deferred taxes result from differences between the financial statement and tax bases of Trovagene’s assets and liabilities and are adjusted for changes in tax rates and tax laws when changes are enacted. Valuation allowances are recorded to reduce deferred tax assets when it is more likely than not that a tax benefit will not be realized. The assessment of whether or not a valuation allowance is required often requires significant judgment.
Contingencies	Contingencies In the normal course of business, Trovagene is subject to loss contingencies, such as legal proceedings and claims arising out of its business, that cover a wide range of matters, including, among others, government investigations, stockholder lawsuits, product and environmental liability, and tax matters. In accordance with FASB ASC Topic 450, Accounting for Contingencies , Trovagene records such loss contingencies when it is probable that a liability has been incurred and the amount of loss can be reasonably estimated. Trovagene, in accordance with this guidance, does not recognize gain contingencies until realized.
Cost of Revenue	Cost of Revenue Cost of revenue represents the cost of materials, personnel costs, costs associated with processing specimens including pathological review, quality control analyses, and delivery charges necessary to render an individualized test result. Costs associated with performing tests are recorded as the tests are processed.
Research and Development	Research and Development Research and development expenses, which include expenditures in connection with an in-house research and development laboratory, salaries and staff costs, purchased in-process research and development and regulatory and scientific consulting fees, as well as contract research and insurance, are accounted for in accordance with FASB ASC Topic 730-10-55-2, Research and Development. Also, as prescribed by this guidance, patent filing and maintenance expenses are considered legal in nature and therefore classified as general and administrative expense, if any. While certain of the Company’s research and development costs may have future benefits, the Company’s policy of expensing all research and development expenditures is predicated on the fact that Trovagene has no history of successful commercialization of molecular diagnostic products to base any estimate of the number of future periods that would be benefited. FASB ASC Topic 730, Research and Development requires that non-refundable advance payments for goods or services that will be used or rendered for future research and development activities be deferred and capitalized. As the related goods are delivered or the services are performed, or when the goods or services are no longer expected to be provided, the deferred amounts are recognized as an expense.
Net Loss Per Share	Net Loss Per Share Basic and diluted net loss per share is presented in conformity with FASB ASC Topic 260, Earnings per Share , for all periods presented. In accordance with this guidance, basic and diluted net loss per common share is determined by dividing net loss applicable to common stockholders by the weighted-average common shares outstanding during the period. Preferred dividends are included in income available to common stockholders in the computation of basic and diluted earnings per share.
Change in Accounting Principle and Recent Accounting Pronouncements	Change in Accounting Principle In August 2014, the FASB issued ASU 2014-15, Presentation of Financial Statements — Going Concern , which impacts the accounting guidance related to the evaluation of an entity’s ability to continue as a going concern. The amendment establishes management’s responsibility to evaluate whether there is substantial doubt about an entity’s ability to continue as a going concern in connection with preparing financial statements for each annual and interim reporting period. The amendment also gives guidance to determine whether to disclose information about relevant conditions and events when there is substantial doubt about an entity’s ability to continue as a going concern. The amended guidance is effective prospectively for fiscal years ending after December 15, 2016. The Company adopted ASU 2014-15 as of December 31, 2016. Recent Accounting Pronouncements In August 2016, the FASB issued Accounting Standards Update (“ASU”) 2016-15, Classification of Certain Cash Receipts and Cash Payments (“ASU 2016-15”), which includes amendments that clarify how certain cash receipts and cash payments are presented in the statement of cash flows. ASU 2016-15 also provides guidance clarifying when an entity should separate cash receipts and cash payments and classify them into more than one class of cash flows. The new amendments and guidance are effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2017, including interim periods within those fiscal years. Early adoption is permitted provided that all amendments are adopted in the same period. The Company is currently evaluating the impact of adoption of ASU 2016-15 on its consolidated statements of cash flows. In March 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-09, Improvements to Employee Share-Based Payment Accounting (“ASU 2016-09”), which aims to simplify the accounting for share-based payment transactions, including accounting for income taxes, classification on the statement of cash flows, accounting for forfeitures, and classification of awards as either liabilities or equity. In addition, under the ASU 2016-09, excess income tax benefits from share-based compensation arrangements are classified as cash flow from operations, rather than cash flow from financing activities. This ASU is effective for the Company beginning in the first quarter of 2017. The new guidance is not expected to have a material impact on the Company’s financial position, results of operations or cash flows. In February 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-02, Leases . The new standard establishes a right-of-use (“ROU”) model that requires a lessee to record a ROU asset and a lease liability on the balance sheet for most leases. The new standard is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2018, including interim periods within those fiscal years. A modified retrospective transition approach is required for capital and operating leases existing at, or entered into after, the beginning of the earliest comparative period presented in the financial statements, with certain practical expedients available. The new standard will impact the Company’s accounting for its office leases and the Company is currently evaluating the impact of the new standard on its consolidated financial statements. In May 2014, the FASB issued ASU 2014-09, Revenue from Contracts with Customers (“ASU 2014-09”). The new standard is based on the principal that revenue should be recognized to depict the transfer of promised goods or services to customers in an amount that reflects the consideration to which the entity expects to be entitled in exchange for those goods or services. Since its initial release, FASB as issued several amendments to the standard, which include clarification of accounting guidance related to identification of performance obligations, intellectual property licenses, and principal versus agent considerations. ASU 2014-09 and all subsequent amendments (collectively, the “new standards”) will be effective for the Company beginning in the first quarter of fiscal year 2018 and may be applied using either the full retrospective method, in which case the standard would be applied to each prior reporting period presented, or the modified retrospective method, in which case the cumulative effect of applying the standard would be recognized at the date of initial application. To date, the Company has derived its revenues from a limited number of royalty, license and diagnostic service agreements. The consideration the Company is eligible to receive under these agreements includes upfront payments, milestone payments and royalties. Each of its collaboration agreements has unique terms that will need to be evaluated separately under the new standards. The Company has started its preliminary assessment of its active license and collaboration agreements. The new standards differ from the current accounting standard in may respects, such as in the accounting for variable consideration, including milestone payments. For example, the Company currently recognize milestone revenue using the milestone method specified in ASC 605-28, which generally results in recognition of milestone revenue in the period that the milestone event is achieved. However, under the new accounting standards, it is possible to start to recognize milestone revenue before the milestone is achieved if management determines with a high degree of certainty that amounts recorded as revenues will not have to be reversed when the uncertainty associated with the variable consideration is subsequently resolved. In addition, the current accounting standards include a presumption that revenue from upfront non-refundable fees are recognized ratably over the performance period, unless another attribution method is determined to more closely approximate the delivery of the goods or services to the customer. The new accounting standards will require entities to determine an appropriate attribution method using either output or input methods and do not include a presumption that entities would default to ratable attribution approach. The Company is continuing to assess the impact these items will have on its financial statements. The Company is completing its initial assessment of the new standards, including a high level review of the Company’s contract portfolio and revenue streams, particularly around royalty revenues, to identify potential differences in accounting as a result of the new standards. The Company expects to adopt the new standards using the modified retrospective method with an adjustment, if any, to beginning retained earnings for the cumulative effect of the change.

Basis of Presentation and Sum24

Basis of Presentation and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies (Tables)	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2016
Accounting Policies [Abstract]
Schedule of Antidilutive Securities Excluded from the Calculation of Basic and Diluted Loss Per Share	Shares used in calculating diluted net loss per common share exclude as anti-dilutive the following share equivalents: December 31, 2016 2015 2014 Options to purchase Common Stock 5,528,628 6,948,630 4,913,472 Warrants to purchase Common stock 4,538,606 4,565,947 5,251,660 Restricted Stock Units 272,000 — — Series A Convertible Preferred Stock 63,125 63,125 63,125 10,402,359 11,577,702 10,228,257
Summary of the Company’s Diluted Net Loss Per Share	The following table summarizes the Company’s diluted net loss per share: December 31, 2016 2015 2014 Numerator: Net loss attributable to common stockholders $ (39,227,959 ) $ (27,495,334 ) $ (14,348,499 ) Adjustment for gain from change in fair value of derivative financial instruments—warrants (2,321,053 ) (4,396,061 ) (2,422,337 ) Net loss used for diluted loss per share $ (41,549,012 ) $ (31,891,395 ) $ (16,770,836 ) Denominator: Weighted-average shares used to compute basic net loss per share 30,174,838 26,201,713 18,904,280 Adjustments to reflect assumed exercise of warrants 106,425 250,452 166,832 Weighted-average shares used to compute diluted net loss per share 30,281,263 26,452,165 19,071,112 Net loss per share diluted $ (1.37 ) $ (1.21 ) $ (0.88 )

Supplementary Balance Sheet I25

Supplementary Balance Sheet Information (Tables)	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2016
Organization, Consolidation and Presentation of Financial Statements [Abstract]
Composition of Short-Term Investments	The following table sets forth the composition of short-term investments as of December 31, 2016 . No such investments existed as of December 31, 2015 . Unrealized Maturity in Years Cost Gains Losses Fair Value Corporate debt securities Less than 1 year $ 14,165,915 $ 44 $ (5,273 ) $ 14,160,686 Commercial paper Less than 1 year 1,195,444 — — 1,195,444 U.S. treasury securities Less than 1 year 8,625,728 330 (4,166 ) 8,621,892 Total Investment $ 23,987,087 $ 374 $ (9,439 ) $ 23,978,022
Components of Property and Equipment	Property and equipment consisted of the following: As of December 31, 2016 2015 Furniture and office equipment $ 1,144,741 $ 1,264,547 Leasehold improvements 1,994,514 39,401 Laboratory equipment 2,449,645 2,241,413 5,588,900 3,545,361 Less—accumulated depreciation and amortization (1,761,985 ) (854,782 ) Property and equipment, net $ 3,826,915 $ 2,690,579
Components of Accrued Liabilities	Accrued liabilities consisted of the following: As of December 31, 2016 2015 Accrued compensation $ 2,203,876 $ 896,404 Accrued research agreements 736,199 386,267 Accrued professional fees 421,314 — Other accrued liabilities 659,976 621,126 Total accrued liabilities $ 4,021,365 $ 1,903,797

Stockholders' Equity (Tables)

Stockholders' Equity (Tables)	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2016
Stockholders' Equity Note [Abstract]
Summary of Warrant Activity and Changes in Warrants Outstanding	A summary of warrant activity and changes in warrants outstanding, including both liability and equity classifications, is presented below: Number of Warrants Weighted-Average Exercise Price Per Share Weighted-Average Remaining Contractual Term Balance outstanding, December 31, 2013 6,233,483 $ 3.87 4.5 Granted 85,470 $ 3.51 Exercised (36,666 ) $ 3.00 Expired (16,667 ) $ 10.80 Balance outstanding, December 31, 2014 6,265,620 $ 3.85 3.6 Exercised (732,378 ) $ 3.77 Balance outstanding, December 31, 2015 5,533,242 $ 3.86 2.5 Granted 30,992 $ 4.84 Exercised (8,333 ) $ 3.00 Expired (50,000 ) $ 8.00 Balance outstanding, December 31, 2016 5,505,901 $ 3.83 1.6

Stock-Based Compensation (Table

Stock-Based Compensation (Tables)	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2016
Disclosure of Compensation Related Costs, Share-based Payments [Abstract]
Summary of Stock Option Activity	Stock-based compensation has been recognized in operating results as follows: Years ended December 31, 2016 2015 2014 In cost of revenue $ 122,301 $ 39,676 $ — In research and development expenses 2,420,696 1,499,009 796,008 In selling and marketing expense 2,111,366 768,146 145,239 In general and administrative expenses 2,910,156 1,639,196 1,128,947 Benefit from restructuring (60,203 ) — — Total stock-based compensation $ 7,504,316 $ 3,946,027 $ 2,070,194
Estimated Fair Value of Stock Options - Assumptions	The estimated fair value of stock option awards was determined on the date of grant using the Black-Scholes option valuation model with the following assumptions during the years indicated below: Years ended December 31, 2016 2015 2014 Risk-free interest rate 0.93% - 1.89% 1.35% - 2.15% 1.42% - 2.1% Dividend yield 0% 0% 0% Expected volatility (range) 80% - 134% 73% - 77% 81% - 86% Expected volatility (weighted-average) 103% 75% 85% Expected term (in years) 5.5 years 6.0 years 5.8 years
Stock-Based Compensation Recognized	A summary of stock option activity and of changes in stock options outstanding is presented below: Number of Options Weighted-Average Exercise Price Per Share Intrinsic Value Weighted-Average Remaining Contractual Life Balance outstanding, December 31, 2013 4,287,545 $ 5.18 $ 5,896,329 6.7 years Granted 1,410,038 $ 4.42 Forfeited (784,111 ) $ 7.08 Balance outstanding, December 31, 2014 4,913,472 $ 4.66 $ 2,808,083 7.6 years Granted 2,688,500 $ 7.02 Exercised (265,166 ) $ 3.25 Forfeited (388,176 ) $ 7.75 Balance outstanding, December 31, 2015 6,948,630 $ 5.45 $ 5,903,466 7.8 years Granted 3,246,250 $ 5.02 Exercised (1,335,271 ) $ 3.81 Forfeited (3,330,981 ) $ 5.63 Balance outstanding, December 31, 2016 5,528,628 $ 5.49 $ — 7.7 years Vested and exercisable, December 31, 2016 2,415,461 $ 5.18 $ — 6.4 years
Summary of Restricted Stock Unit Activity	A summary of the restricted stock unit activity is presented below: Number of Shares Weighted Average Grant Date Fair Value Per Share Intrinsic Non-vested restricted stock units outstanding, December 31, 2015 — $ — Granted 402,000 $ 4.06 Vested (95,000 ) $ 4.27 Forfeited (35,000 ) $ 3.99 Non-vested restricted stock units outstanding, December 31, 2016 272,000 $ 3.99 $ 571,200

Derivative Financial Instrume28

Derivative Financial Instruments - Warrants (Tables) - Black Scholes Option Pricing Method	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2016
Derivative financial instruments
Schedule of Assumptions Used to Determine the Fair Value of Warrants	The range of assumptions used to determine the fair value of the warrants valued using the Black-Scholes option pricing model during the periods indicated was: Year ended December 31 2016 2015 2014 Estimated fair value of Trovagene common stock $2.10 - $4.65 $5.40 - $10.15 $3.00 - $6.74 Expected warrant term 2.0 - 2.8 years 3.0 - 3.8 years 4.0 years Risk-free interest rate 0.71% - 1.20% 0.89% - 1.31% 1.38% Expected volatility 82% - 94% 73% - 77% 86% Dividend yield —% —% —%
Schedule of Components of Changes in the Company’s Derivative Financial Instruments Liability Balance	The following table sets forth the components of changes in the Company’s derivative financial instruments — warrants liability balance, valued using the Black-Scholes option pricing method, for the periods indicated. Date Description Number of Warrants Derivative Instrument Liability December 31, 2014 Balance of derivative financial instruments — warrants liability 1,013,961 $ 3,006,021 Exercised warrants (46,666 ) (435,365 ) Change in fair value of warrants during the year recognized as a loss in the statement of operations — 726,421 December 31, 2015 Balance of derivative financial instruments — warrants liability 967,295 3,297,077 Change in fair value of warrants during the year recognized as a gain in the statement of operations — (2,462,137 ) December 31, 2016 Balance of derivative financial instruments — warrants liability 967,295 $ 834,940

Fair Value Measurements (Tables

Fair Value Measurements (Tables)	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2016
Fair Value Disclosures [Abstract]
Schedule of Company’s Assets and Liabilities that are Measured and Recognized at Fair Value on a Recurring Basis Classified Under the Appropriate Level of the Fair Value Hierarchy	The following table presents the Company’s assets and liabilities that are measured and recognized at fair value on a recurring basis classified under the appropriate level of the fair value hierarchy as of December 31, 2016 and 2015 : Fair Value Measurements at Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Assets and Liabilities Significant Other Observable Inputs Significant Unobservable Inputs Total Assets: Money market fund (1) $ 12,095,620 $ — $ — $ 12,095,620 Corporate debt securities (2) — 14,160,686 — 14,160,686 Commercial paper (3) — 2,393,948 — 2,393,948 U.S. treasury securities (2) — 8,621,892 — 8,621,892 Total Assets $ 12,095,620 $ 25,176,526 $ — $ 37,272,146 Liabilities: Derivative financial instruments — warrants $ — $ — $ 834,940 $ 834,940 Total Liabilities $ — $ — $ 834,940 $ 834,940 Fair Value Measurements at Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Assets and Liabilities Significant Other Observable Inputs Significant Unobservable Inputs Total Assets: Money market fund (1) $ 65,016,222 $ — $ — $ 65,016,222 Total Assets $ 65,016,222 $ — $ — $ 65,016,222 Liabilities: Derivative financial instruments — warrants $ — $ — $ 3,297,077 $ 3,297,077 Total Liabilities $ — $ — $ 3,297,077 $ 3,297,077 (1) Included as a component of cash and cash equivalents on the accompanying consolidated balance sheet.
Schedule of Changes in the Fair Value of the Company’s Level 3 Liabilities	The following table sets forth a summary of changes in the fair value of the Company’s Level 3 liabilities for the years ended December 31, 2016 and 2015 : Description Balance at Unrealized (gains) or losses Balance at Derivative financial instruments — Warrants $ 3,297,077 $ (2,462,137 ) $ 834,940 Description Balance at Fair Value of Warrants Reclassified to Additional Paid-in Capital Unrealized (gains) or losses Balance at Derivative financial instruments — Warrants $ 3,006,021 $ (435,365 ) $ 726,421 $ 3,297,077

Debt (Tables)

Debt (Tables)	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2016
Debt Disclosure [Abstract]
Schedule of Future Maturities of Long-Term Debt	Future maturities of long-term debt at December 31, 2016 are as follows: 2017 $ 626,104 2018 626,104 2019 573,929 Total principal 1,826,137 Plus final fee premium accretion 32,501 Total long-term obligations $ 1,858,638 Future maturities of long-term debt at December 31, 2016 are as follows: 2017 $ 2,000,000 2018 6,000,000 2019 6,000,000 2020 1,000,000 Total principal 15,000,000 Less discount (514,341 ) Plus final fee premium accretion 192,171 Total long-term obligations $ 14,677,830

Income Taxes (Tables)

Income Taxes (Tables)	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2016
Income Tax Disclosure [Abstract]
Provision for Income Taxes Based on Losses from Continuing Operations	The provision for income taxes based on losses from continuing operations consists of the following at December 31 (in thousands): Years ended December 31, 2016 2015 2014 Deferred benefit Federal $ (14,035 ) $ (9,602 ) $ (5,651 ) State (2,443 ) (1,742 ) (449 ) Foreign (114 ) — — Total deferred benefit (16,592 ) (11,344 ) (6,100 ) Valuation allowance 16,592 11,344 6,100 Total income tax provision $ — $ — $ —
Schedule of Significant Components of the Company’s Taxes and the Rates	Significant components of the Company’s taxes and the rates as of December 31 are shown below (in thousands, except percentages): Years ended December 31, 2016 2015 Tax computed at the federal statutory rate $ (13,206 ) 34 % $ (9,340 ) 34 % State tax, net of federal tax benefit (2,286 ) 6 % (1,559 ) 6 % Foreign Tax (114 ) — % — — % Permanent Items (114 ) — % 258 (1 )% Tax credits (1,276 ) 3 % (997 ) 3 % Valuation allowance increase 16,996 (43 )% 11,638 (42 )% Provision for income taxes $ — — % $ — — %
Schedule of Significant Components of the Company’s Deferred Tax Assets	Significant components of the Company’s deferred tax assets and liabilities from federal and state income taxes as of December 31 are shown below (in thousands): Years ended December 31, 2016 2015 Deferred tax assets Tax loss carryforwards $ 41,502 $ 27,962 Research and development credits and other tax credits 2,817 1,698 Stock-based compensation 4,658 3,225 Other 1,283 782 Total deferred tax assets 50,260 33,667 Valuation allowance (50,260 ) (33,667 ) Net deferred tax asset $ — $ —

Commitments and Contingencies (

Commitments and Contingencies (Tables)	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2016
Commitments and Contingencies Disclosure [Abstract]
Schedule of Annual Commitments Under Current Lease Agreements	Total annual commitments under non-cancelable lease agreements for each of the years ended December 31 are as follows: 2017 $ 896,050 2018 918,751 2019 906,879 2020 931,457 2021 959,401 Thereafter — Total(1) $ 4,612,538

Selected Quarterly Financial 33

Selected Quarterly Financial Data (Unaudited) (Tables)	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2016
Quarterly Financial Data [Abstract]
Summary of the Quarterly Results of Operations	The following is a summary of the quarterly results of operations of the Company for years ended December 31, 2016 and 2015 : Quarter Ended(1) March 31 June 30 September 30 December 31 (dollars in thousands, except per share data) 2016 Revenues $ 120 $ 104 $ 89 $ 68 Operating expenses $ 10,579 $ 10,084 $ 10,013 $ 9,850 Net loss attributable to common stockholders $ (10,269 ) $ (10,208 ) $ (10,197 ) $ (8,554 ) Net loss per common share - basic $ (0.35 ) $ (0.34 ) $ (0.34 ) $ (0.28 ) Net loss per common share - diluted $ (0.36 ) $ (0.34 ) $ (0.34 ) $ (0.34 ) Shares used in the calculation of net loss attributable to common stockholders - basic 29,755,184 29,958,037 30,339,774 30,639,440 Shares used in the calculation of net loss attributable to common stockholders - diluted 30,108,377 29,958,037 30,339,774 30,711,946 2015 Revenues $ 127 $ 49 $ 58 $ 79 Operating expenses $ 4,975 $ 6,682 $ 6,467 $ 7,463 Net loss attributable to common stockholders $ (7,180 ) $ (10,186 ) $ (2,742 ) $ (7,387 ) Net loss per common share - basic $ (0.33 ) $ (0.41 ) $ (0.10 ) $ (0.25 ) Net loss per common share - diluted $ (0.33 ) $ (0.41 ) $ (0.23 ) $ (0.26 ) Shares used in the calculation of net loss attributable to common stockholders - basic 21,817,710 24,592,883 28,560,211 29,723,254 Shares used in the calculation of net loss attributable to common stockholders - diluted 21,817,710 24,592,883 29,128,235 30,157,038 (1) Basic and diluted net loss per common share are computed independently for each of the periods presented. Accordingly, the sum of the quarterly net loss per common share amount may not agree to the total for the year.

Business Overview and Liquidi34

Business Overview and Liquidity (Details)	Mar. 15, 2017USD ($)employee	Dec. 31, 2016USD ($)	Sep. 30, 2016USD ($)	Jun. 30, 2016USD ($)	Mar. 31, 2016USD ($)	Dec. 31, 2015USD ($)	Sep. 30, 2015USD ($)	Jun. 30, 2015USD ($)	Mar. 31, 2015USD ($)	Dec. 31, 2016USD ($)	Dec. 31, 2015USD ($)	Dec. 31, 2014USD ($)
Subsequent Event [Line Items]
Cumulative net losses attributed to common stockholders		$ (148,115,202)				$ (108,887,243)				$ (148,115,202)	$ (108,887,243)
Net cash used in operating activities										31,039,855	22,119,025	$ 12,727,385
Net loss and comprehensive loss attributable to common stockholders		8,554,000	$ 10,197,000	$ 10,208,000	$ 10,269,000	7,387,000	$ 2,742,000	$ 10,186,000	$ 7,180,000	39,227,959	27,495,334	14,348,499
Net cash provided by financing activities										2,301,376	64,551,740	14,484,036
Pre-tax expense reduction		$ 9,850,000	$ 10,013,000	$ 10,084,000	$ 10,579,000	$ 7,463,000	$ 6,467,000	$ 6,682,000	$ 4,975,000	$ 40,526,683	$ 25,586,464	$ 15,225,337
Subsequent Event [Member]
Subsequent Event [Line Items]
Pre-tax expense reduction	$ 8,000,000
Reduction of employees | employee	30

Basis of Presentation and Sum35

Basis of Presentation and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies - Warrants (Details) - USD ($)	Dec. 31, 2016	Dec. 31, 2015	Dec. 31, 2014
Derivative financial instruments
Derivative financial instruments—warrants	$ 834,940	$ 3,297,077
Warrants | Black Scholes Option Pricing Method
Derivative financial instruments
Derivative financial instruments—warrants	$ 834,940	$ 3,297,077	$ 3,006,021

Basis of Presentation and Sum36

Basis of Presentation and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies - Short-Term Investments (Details) - USD ($)	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2016	Dec. 31, 2015	Dec. 31, 2014
Accounting Policies [Abstract]
Realized gains (losses) on available-for-sale securities	$ 0	$ 0	$ 0

Basis of Presentation and Sum37

Basis of Presentation and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies - Long-Lived Assets (Details)	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2016USD ($)
Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items]
Impairment of Long-Lived Assets Held-for-use	$ 0
Laboratory equipment
Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items]
Estimated useful lives	5 years
Furniture And Office Equipment | Minimum
Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items]
Estimated useful lives	3 years
Furniture And Office Equipment | Maximum
Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items]
Estimated useful lives	5 years

Basis of Presentation and Sum38

Basis of Presentation and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies - Anti-dilutive Share Equivalents (Details) - shares	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2016	Dec. 31, 2015	Dec. 31, 2014
Net Loss Per Share
Antidilutive securities excluded from computation of earnings per share (in shares)	10,402,359	11,577,702	10,228,257
Employee Stock Option
Net Loss Per Share
Antidilutive securities excluded from computation of earnings per share (in shares)	5,528,628	6,948,630	4,913,472
Warrants
Net Loss Per Share
Antidilutive securities excluded from computation of earnings per share (in shares)	4,538,606	4,565,947	5,251,660
Restricted Stock Units (RSUs)
Net Loss Per Share
Antidilutive securities excluded from computation of earnings per share (in shares)	272,000	0	0
Series A Convertible Preferred Stock
Net Loss Per Share
Antidilutive securities excluded from computation of earnings per share (in shares)	63,125	63,125	63,125

Basis of Presentation and Sum39

Basis of Presentation and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies - Diluted Net Loss per Share (Details) - USD ($)	3 Months Ended								12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2016	Sep. 30, 2016	Jun. 30, 2016	Mar. 31, 2016	Dec. 31, 2015	Sep. 30, 2015	Jun. 30, 2015	Mar. 31, 2015	Dec. 31, 2016	Dec. 31, 2015	Dec. 31, 2014
Numerator:
Net loss attributable to common stockholders	$ (8,554,000)	$ (10,197,000)	$ (10,208,000)	$ (10,269,000)	$ (7,387,000)	$ (2,742,000)	$ (10,186,000)	$ (7,180,000)	$ (39,227,959)	$ (27,495,334)	$ (14,348,499)
Adjustment for gain from change in fair value of derivative financial instruments—warrants									(2,321,053)	(4,396,061)	(2,422,337)
Net loss used for diluted loss per share									$ (41,549,012)	$ (31,891,395)	$ (16,770,836)
Denominator:
Weighted-average shares outstanding - basic (in shares)	30,639,440	30,339,774	29,958,037	29,755,184	29,723,254	28,560,211	24,592,883	21,817,710	30,174,838	26,201,713	18,904,280
Adjustments to reflect assumed exercise of warrants (in shares)									106,425	250,452	166,832
Weighted-average shares used to compute diluted net loss (in shares)	30,711,946	30,339,774	29,958,037	30,108,377	30,157,038	29,128,235	24,592,883	21,817,710	30,281,263	26,452,165	19,071,112
Net loss per share diluted (in dollars per share)	$ (0.34)	$ (0.34)	$ (0.34)	$ (0.36)	$ (0.26)	$ (0.23)	$ (0.41)	$ (0.33)	$ (1.37)	$ (1.21)	$ (0.88)

Supplementary Balance Sheet I40

Supplementary Balance Sheet Information - Short-term Investments (Details)	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2016USD ($)
Schedule of Available-for-sale Securities [Line Items]
Available-for-sale Securities, Short-term Investments, Amortized Cost	$ 23,987,087
Available-for-sale Debt Securities, Accumulated Gross Unrealized Gain, before Tax	374
Available-for-sale Debt Securities, Accumulated Gross Unrealized Loss, before Tax	(9,439)
Estimate of Fair Value Measurement
Schedule of Available-for-sale Securities [Line Items]
Short-term Investments	$ 23,978,022
Corporate Debt Securities
Schedule of Available-for-sale Securities [Line Items]
Maturity in Years	1 year
Available-for-sale Securities, Amortized Cost Basis	$ 14,165,915
Available-for-sale Securities, Accumulated Gross Unrealized Gain, before Tax	44
Available-for-sale Securities, Accumulated Gross Unrealized Loss, before Tax	(5,273)
Corporate Debt Securities | Estimate of Fair Value Measurement
Schedule of Available-for-sale Securities [Line Items]
Short-term Investments	$ 14,160,686
Commercial Paper
Schedule of Available-for-sale Securities [Line Items]
Maturity in Years	1 year
Available-for-sale Securities, Amortized Cost Basis	$ 1,195,444
Available-for-sale Securities, Accumulated Gross Unrealized Gain, before Tax	0
Available-for-sale Securities, Accumulated Gross Unrealized Loss, before Tax	0
Commercial Paper | Estimate of Fair Value Measurement
Schedule of Available-for-sale Securities [Line Items]
Short-term Investments	$ 1,195,444
US Treasury Securities
Schedule of Available-for-sale Securities [Line Items]
Maturity in Years	1 year
Available-for-sale Securities, Amortized Cost Basis	$ 8,625,728
Available-for-sale Securities, Accumulated Gross Unrealized Gain, before Tax	330
Available-for-sale Securities, Accumulated Gross Unrealized Loss, before Tax	(4,166)
US Treasury Securities | Estimate of Fair Value Measurement
Schedule of Available-for-sale Securities [Line Items]
Short-term Investments	$ 8,621,892

Supplementary Balance Sheet I41

Supplementary Balance Sheet Information - Property and Equipment (Details) - USD ($)	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2016	Dec. 31, 2015	Dec. 31, 2014
Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items]
Depreciation and amortization	$ 969,833	$ 378,711	$ 234,813
Property and equipment	5,588,900	3,545,361
Less—accumulated depreciation and amortization	(1,761,985)	(854,782)
Property and equipment, net	3,826,915	2,690,579
Furniture And Office Equipment
Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items]
Property and equipment	1,144,741	1,264,547
Leasehold Improvements [Member]
Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items]
Property and equipment	1,994,514	39,401
Laboratory equipment
Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items]
Property and equipment	$ 2,449,645	$ 2,241,413

Supplementary Balance Sheet I42

Supplementary Balance Sheet Information - Accrued Expenses (Details) - USD ($)	Dec. 31, 2016	Dec. 31, 2015
Organization, Consolidation and Presentation of Financial Statements [Abstract]
Accrued compensation	$ 2,203,876	$ 896,404
Accrued research agreements	736,199	386,267
Accrued professional fees	421,314	0
Other accrued liabilities	659,976	621,126
Total accrued liabilities	$ 4,021,365	$ 1,903,797

Stockholders' Equity (Common St

Stockholders' Equity (Common Stock Narrative) (Details) - USD ($)	1 Months Ended	7 Months Ended	12 Months Ended
	Jul. 31, 2013	Dec. 31, 2016	Dec. 31, 2016	Dec. 31, 2015	Dec. 31, 2014	Jul. 20, 2016	Jun. 30, 2015
Class of Stock [Line Items]
Proceeds from the sale of common stock		$ 2,400,000
Common stock, shares issued (in shares)		30,696,791	30,696,791	29,737,601
Proceeds from the sale of common stock			$ 2,285,415	$ 61,215,399	$ 0
Net proceeds from the sale of common stock			$ 2,285,415	$ 61,215,399
Shares issued upon exercise of warrants (in shares)			8,333	732,378	36,666
Option exercise price, weighted average of $3.53
Class of Stock [Line Items]
Issuance of common stock upon exercise of stock options (in shares)			1,236,875
Warrant exercise price of $3.00
Class of Stock [Line Items]
Shares issued upon exercise of warrants (in shares)			8,333	449,403
Common Stock
Class of Stock [Line Items]
Shares of common stock issued (in shares)			421,810	9,996,531
Net proceeds from the sale of common stock			$ 42	$ 1,000
Issuance of common stock upon exercise of warrant (in shares)				282,975
Exercise price of warrants (in dollars per share)					$ 3
Stock issued during period including share-based compensation (in shares)			959,190	10,821,808
Issuance of common stock upon net exercise of warrant (in shares)			2,651	277,136	13,011
Issuance of common stock upon net exercise of stock option (in shares)			341,333
Issuance of common stock upon exercise of stock options (in shares)			98,396	265,166
Issuance of common stock upon releases of restricted stock units (in shares)			95,000
Common Stock | Option exercise price of $4.50
Class of Stock [Line Items]
Issuance of common stock upon exercise of stock options (in shares)			98,396	265,166
Weighted average price of shares (in dollars per share)			$ 3.73	$ 3.25
Common Stock | Option exercise price, weighted average of $3.53
Class of Stock [Line Items]
Weighted average price of shares (in dollars per share)			$ 3.81
Shares issued upon exercise (in shares)			341,333
Common Stock | Warrant exercise price, weighted average of $5.02
Class of Stock [Line Items]
Exercise price of warrants (in dollars per share)				$ 4.91
Shares issued upon exercise of warrants (in shares)				282,975
Common Stock | Warrant exercise price of $3.00
Class of Stock [Line Items]
Exercise price of warrants (in dollars per share)		$ 3	$ 3	$ 3.05
Issuance of common stock upon net exercise of warrant (in shares)			2,651	277,136
Public Offering and Controlled Equity Offering
Class of Stock [Line Items]
Proceeds from the sale of common stock	$ 15,000,000
Secured Debt
Class of Stock [Line Items]
Exercise price of warrants (in dollars per share)						$ 4.84
Secured Debt | Loan and Security Agreement
Class of Stock [Line Items]
Exercise price of warrants (in dollars per share)							$ 3.51
Underwritten Public Offering 2015 | Public Offering and Controlled Equity Offering | Common Stock
Class of Stock [Line Items]
Shares of common stock issued (in shares)				9,711,110
Proceeds from the sale of common stock				$ 63,200,000
Price per share (in dollars per share)		$ 5.61	$ 5.61	$ 9.66
Underwritten Public Offering 2015 | Agent | Public Offering and Controlled Equity Offering | Common Stock
Class of Stock [Line Items]
Shares of common stock issued (in shares)			421,810	285,421
Proceeds from the sale of common stock			$ 2,400,000	$ 2,800,000

Stockholders' Equity (Schedule

Stockholders' Equity (Schedule of Warrants) (Details) - $ / shares	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2016	Dec. 31, 2015	Dec. 31, 2014	Dec. 31, 2013
Number of Warrants
Balance of warrants outstanding at the beginning of the period (in shares)	5,533,242	6,265,620	6,233,483
Granted (in shares)	30,992	30,992	85,470
Exercised (in shares)	(8,333)	(732,378)	(36,666)
Expired (in shares)		(50,000)	(16,667)
Balance of warrants outstanding at the end of the period (in shares)	5,505,901	5,533,242	6,265,620	6,233,483
Weighted-Average Exercise Price Per Share
Weighted average exercise price of warrants at the beginning of the period (in dollars per share)	$ 3.86	$ 3.85	$ 3.87
Granted (in dollars per share)	4.84	4.84	3.51
Exercised (in dollars per share)	3	3.77	3
Expired (in dollars per share)		8	10.80
Weighted average exercise price of warrants at the end of the period (in dollars per share)	$ 3.83	$ 3.86	$ 3.85	$ 3.87
Weighted-Average Remaining Contractual Term
Weighted-Average Remaining Contractual Term	1 year 7 months 6 days	2 years 6 months 11 days	3 years 6 months 26 days	4 years 5 months 23 days

Stockholders' Equity (Warrants

Stockholders' Equity (Warrants Narrative) (Details) - USD ($)	1 Months Ended		7 Months Ended	12 Months Ended
	Jun. 30, 2014	Jul. 31, 2013	Dec. 31, 2016	Dec. 31, 2016	Dec. 31, 2015	Dec. 31, 2014	Jul. 20, 2016	Jun. 30, 2015
Class of Stock [Line Items]
Warrants granted (in shares)				30,992	30,992	85,470
Warrants granted (in dollars per share)				$ 4.84	$ 4.84	$ 3.51
Proceeds from the sale of common stock			$ 2,400,000
Value of warrants recorded as debt discount and additional paid in capital			$ 148,885	$ 148,885		$ 235,857	$ 148,885
Public Offering and Controlled Equity Offering
Class of Stock [Line Items]
Proceeds from the sale of common stock		$ 15,000,000
Secured Debt
Class of Stock [Line Items]
Number of shares that can be purchased from exercise of warrants	30,992		73,727	73,727			42,735
Exercise price of warrants (in dollars per share)							$ 4.84
Line of Credit | Secured Debt
Class of Stock [Line Items]
Number of shares that can be purchased from exercise of warrants								85,470
Exercise price of warrants (in dollars per share)								$ 3.51
Value of warrants recorded as debt discount and additional paid in capital	$ 235,857		$ 148,885	$ 148,885
Line of Credit | Secured Debt | Black Scholes Option Pricing Method
Class of Stock [Line Items]
Risk-free interest rate (as a percent)	2.53%			1.59%
Dividend yield (as a percent)	0.00%			0.00%
Expected volatility (as a percent)	73.80%			130.70%
Expected warrant term	10 years			10 years

Stockholders' Equity (Preferred

Stockholders' Equity (Preferred Stock) (Details) - USD ($)	Mar. 17, 2007	Jul. 13, 2006	Mar. 17, 2006	Dec. 31, 2016	Dec. 31, 2015	Dec. 31, 2014
Class of Stock [Line Items]
Accrued dividend during the period				$ 24,240	$ 24,240	$ 23,015
Stated value per share (in dollars per share)				$ 0.001	$ 0.001
Number of shares outstanding				60,600	60,600
Accumulated Deficit
Class of Stock [Line Items]
Accrued dividend during the period				$ 24,240	$ 24,240	23,015
Series A Convertible Preferred Stock
Class of Stock [Line Items]
Cumulative dividend rate (as a percent)				4.00%
Accrued cumulative unpaid preferred stock dividends				$ 292,535	$ 268,295	$ 244,055
Stated value per share (in dollars per share)				$ 10
Conversion price per share (in dollars per share)	$ 9.60		$ 2.15
Period during which the conversion price is subject to adjustment for dilutive issuances			12 months
Share price for 20 consecutive trading days for automatic conversion		$ 25.80
Number of consecutive trading days in which the closing price of the entity's common stock must equal or exceed a specified price in order for the preferred stock to be automatically converted		20 days
Number of common stock shares traded per day during the 20 trading days for the preferred stock to be automatically converted		8,333
Number of trading days in which the specified volume of common stock must be traded for the preferred stock to be automatically converted		20 days
Number of shares outstanding				60,600	60,600	60,600

Stock-Based Compensation - Stoc

Stock-Based Compensation - Stock-Based Compensation (Details) - USD ($)	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2016	Dec. 31, 2015	Dec. 31, 2014
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award, Compensation Cost [Line Items]
Total stock-based compensation	$ 7,504,316	$ 3,946,027	$ 2,070,194
Cost of Revenue
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award, Compensation Cost [Line Items]
Total stock-based compensation	122,301	39,676	0
Research and Development Expense
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award, Compensation Cost [Line Items]
Total stock-based compensation	2,420,696	1,499,009	796,008
Selling and Marketing Expense
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award, Compensation Cost [Line Items]
Total stock-based compensation	2,111,366	768,146	145,239
General and Administrative Expense
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award, Compensation Cost [Line Items]
Total stock-based compensation	2,910,156	1,639,196	1,128,947
Restructuring Charges
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award, Compensation Cost [Line Items]
Total stock-based compensation	$ (60,203)	$ 0	$ 0

Stock-Based Compensation - Assu

Stock-Based Compensation - Assumptions Using Black-Scholes for Estimated Fair Value of Stock Options (Details) - Employee Stock Option	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2016	Dec. 31, 2015	Dec. 31, 2014
Fair Value Measurements, Recurring and Nonrecurring, Valuation Techniques [Line Items]
Dividend yield	0.00%	0.00%	0.00%
Expected volatility (weighted-average)	103.00%	75.00%	85.00%
Expected term (in years)	5 years 5 months 16 days	6 years 16 days	5 years 9 months 18 days
Minimum
Fair Value Measurements, Recurring and Nonrecurring, Valuation Techniques [Line Items]
Risk-free interest rate	0.93%	1.35%	1.42%
Expected volatility (range)	80.00%	73.00%	81.00%
Maximum
Fair Value Measurements, Recurring and Nonrecurring, Valuation Techniques [Line Items]
Risk-free interest rate	1.89%	2.20%	2.10%
Expected volatility (range)	1.00%	77.00%	86.00%

Stock-Based Compensation - Summ

Stock-Based Compensation - Summary of Stock Options Activity (Details) - Employee Stock Option - USD ($)	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2016	Dec. 31, 2015	Dec. 31, 2014	Dec. 31, 2013
Number of Options
Beginning balance (in shares)	6,948,630	4,913,472	4,287,545
Granted (in shares)	3,246,250	2,688,500	1,410,038
Exercise (in shares)	(1,335,271)	(265,166)
Forfeitures (in shares)	(3,330,981)	(388,176)	(784,111)
Ending balance (in shares)	5,528,628	6,948,630	4,913,472	4,287,545
Vested and exercisable (in shares)	2,415,461
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award, Options, Outstanding, Weighted Average Exercise Price [Abstract]
Outstanding (in USD per share)	$ 5.45	$ 4.66	$ 5.18
Granted (in USD per share)	5.02	7.02	4.42
Exercised (in USD per share)	3.81	3.25
Forfeited (in USD per share)	5.63	7.75	7.08
Outstanding (in USD per share)	5.49	$ 5.45	$ 4.66	$ 5.18
Vested and exercisable (in USD per share)	$ 5.18
Intrinsic value, outstanding	$ 0	$ 5,903,466	$ 2,808,083	$ 5,896,329
Intrinsic value, vested and exercisable	$ 0
Weighted average remaining contract term, outstanding	7 years 7 months 28 days	7 years 9 months 11 days	7 years 7 months 6 days	6 years 8 months 12 days
Weighted average remaining contractual term, exercisable	6 years 4 months 17 days

Stock-Based Compensation - Narr

Stock-Based Compensation - Narrative (Details) - USD ($)	Jun. 10, 2015	Dec. 31, 2016	Dec. 31, 2015	Dec. 31, 2014	May 17, 2016	Sep. 17, 2014	Jul. 18, 2013
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Options issued over authorized number (in shares)		996,000
Total intrinsic value of options exercised		$ 1,932,799	$ 1,382,255	$ 0
Fair value of shares vested		6,261,655	$ 2,634,688	$ 1,960,256
Tax benefits recognized for stock-based compensation		$ 0
Employee Stock Option
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Weighted average grant date fair value (in USD per share)		$ 3.60	$ 4.60	$ 3.16
Unrecognized compensation cost for non-vested options		$ 8,211,896	$ 10,430,604
Period for recognition		2 years 9 months 22 days	3 years 1 month 6 days
Restricted Stock Units (RSUs)
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Period for recognition		1 day
Unrecognized compensation related to stock units		$ 4,430
Fair value of stock units released		$ 405,550
Stock Option 2004 Plan | Employee Stock Option
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Shares reserved (in shares)							6,000,000
Expiration period		10 years
Stock Option 2004 Plan | Employee Stock Option | Minimum
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Vesting period		3 years
Stock Option 2004 Plan | Employee Stock Option | Maximum
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Vesting period		4 years
Equity Incentive Plan 2014
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Shares reserved (in shares)	5,000,000				7,500,000
Additional shares authorized (in shares)	2,500,000
Equity Incentive 2014 Plan
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Shares reserved (in shares)						2,500,000
Shares available for issuance (in shares)		2,829,858
Additional Paid-In Capital
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Option overage liability		$ 217,333

Stock-Based Compensation - Rest

Stock-Based Compensation - Restricted Stock Units (Details)	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2016USD ($)$ / sharesshares
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award, Equity Instruments Other than Options, Aggregate Intrinsic Value, Vested | $	$ 293,781
Restricted Stock Units (RSUs)
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Intrinsic value, outstanding | $	$ 571,200
Number of Shares
Beginning balance (in shares) | shares	0
Granted (in shares) | shares	402,000
Released (in shares) | shares	(95,000)
Forfeited (in shares) | shares	(35,000)
Ending balance (in shares) | shares	272,000
Weighted Average Grant Date Fair Value Per Share
Beginning weighted average grant date fair value (in USD per share) | $ / shares	$ 3.99
Granted (in USD per share) | $ / shares	4.06
Released (in USD per share) | $ / shares	4.27
Forfeitures (in USD per share) | $ / shares	3.99
Ending weighted average grant date fair value (in USD per share) | $ / shares	$ 0

Derivative Financial Instrume52

Derivative Financial Instruments - Warrants (Details) - USD ($)	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2016	Dec. 31, 2015	Dec. 31, 2014
Changes in the Company's derivative financial instruments liability balance
Balance of warrants outstanding at the beginning of the period (in shares)	5,533,242	6,265,620	6,233,483
Exercised (in shares)	(8,333)	(732,378)	(36,666)
Balance of warrants outstanding at the end of the period (in shares)	5,505,901	5,533,242	6,265,620
Balance of derivative financial instruments liability at the beginning of the period	$ 3,297,077
Change in fair value of warrants during the period recognized as a gain in the condensed consolidated statement of operations	(2,462,137)	$ 726,421	$ (1,425,850)
Decrease in derivative liability due to exercise of warrants		(435,365)
Balance of derivative financial instruments liability at the end of the period	$ 834,940	$ 3,297,077
Warrants
Changes in the Company's derivative financial instruments liability balance
Weighted average remaining contractual life	2 years	3 years
Warrants | Black Scholes Option Pricing Method
Range of assumptions used to determine the fair value of warrants
Dividend yield (as a percent)	0.00%	0.00%	0.00%
Changes in the Company's derivative financial instruments liability balance
Balance of warrants outstanding at the beginning of the period (in shares)	967,295	1,013,961
Exercised (in shares)		(46,666)
Balance of warrants outstanding at the end of the period (in shares)	967,295	967,295	1,013,961
Balance of derivative financial instruments liability at the beginning of the period	$ 3,297,077	$ 3,006,021
Change in fair value of warrants during the period recognized as a gain in the condensed consolidated statement of operations	(2,462,137)	726,421
Balance of derivative financial instruments liability at the end of the period	$ 834,940	$ 3,297,077	$ 3,006,021
Warrants | Black Scholes Option Pricing Method | Minimum
Range of assumptions used to determine the fair value of warrants
Estimated fair value of Trovagene common stock (in dollars per share)	$ 2.10	$ 5.40	$ 3
Expected warrant term	2 years	3 years	4 years
Risk-free interest rate (as a percent)	0.71%	0.89%	1.38%
Expected volatility (as a percent)	82.00%	73.00%	86.00%
Warrants | Black Scholes Option Pricing Method | Maximum
Range of assumptions used to determine the fair value of warrants
Estimated fair value of Trovagene common stock (in dollars per share)	$ 4.65	$ 10.15	$ 6.74
Expected warrant term	2 years 9 months	3 years 9 months	4 years
Risk-free interest rate (as a percent)	1.20%	1.31%	1.38%
Expected volatility (as a percent)	94.00%	77.00%	86.00%

Fair Value Measurements (Detail

Fair Value Measurements (Details) - USD ($)	Dec. 31, 2016	Dec. 31, 2015
Liabilities:
Derivative financial instruments—warrants	$ 834,940	$ 3,297,077
Estimate of Fair Value Measurement
Assets:
Short-term Investments	23,978,022
Recurring basis | Estimate of Fair Value Measurement
Assets:
Money market fund	12,095,620	65,016,222
Total Assets	37,272,146	65,016,222
Liabilities:
Derivative financial instruments—warrants	834,940	3,297,077
Total Liabilities	834,940	3,297,077
Recurring basis | Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Assets and Liabilities (Level 1)
Assets:
Money market fund	12,095,620	65,016,222
Total Assets	12,095,620	65,016,222
Liabilities:
Derivative financial instruments—warrants	0	0
Total Liabilities	0	0
Recurring basis | Significant Other Observable Inputs (Level 2)
Assets:
Money market fund	0	0
Total Assets	25,176,526	0
Liabilities:
Derivative financial instruments—warrants	0	0
Total Liabilities	0	0
Recurring basis | Significant Unobservable Inputs (Level 3)
Assets:
Money market fund	0	0
Total Assets	0	0
Liabilities:
Derivative financial instruments—warrants	834,940	3,297,077
Total Liabilities	834,940	$ 3,297,077
Corporate Debt Securities | Estimate of Fair Value Measurement
Assets:
Short-term Investments	14,160,686
Corporate Debt Securities | Recurring basis
Assets:
Short-term Investments	14,160,686
Corporate Debt Securities | Recurring basis | Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Assets and Liabilities (Level 1)
Assets:
Short-term Investments	0
Corporate Debt Securities | Recurring basis | Significant Other Observable Inputs (Level 2)
Assets:
Short-term Investments	14,160,686
Corporate Debt Securities | Recurring basis | Significant Unobservable Inputs (Level 3)
Assets:
Short-term Investments	0
Commercial Paper | Estimate of Fair Value Measurement
Assets:
Short-term Investments	1,195,444
Commercial Paper | Recurring basis
Assets:
Short-term Investments	2,393,948
Commercial Paper | Recurring basis | Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Assets and Liabilities (Level 1)
Assets:
Short-term Investments	0
Commercial Paper | Recurring basis | Significant Other Observable Inputs (Level 2)
Assets:
Short-term Investments	2,393,948
Commercial Paper | Recurring basis | Significant Unobservable Inputs (Level 3)
Assets:
Short-term Investments	0
US Treasury Securities | Estimate of Fair Value Measurement
Assets:
Short-term Investments	8,621,892
US Treasury Securities | Recurring basis
Assets:
Short-term Investments	8,621,892
US Treasury Securities | Recurring basis | Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Assets and Liabilities (Level 1)
Assets:
Short-term Investments	0
US Treasury Securities | Recurring basis | Significant Other Observable Inputs (Level 2)
Assets:
Short-term Investments	8,621,892
US Treasury Securities | Recurring basis | Significant Unobservable Inputs (Level 3)
Assets:
Short-term Investments	0
Cash and Cash Equivalents | Commercial Paper | Recurring basis | Significant Other Observable Inputs (Level 2)
Assets:
Short-term Investments	$ 1,198,504

Fair Value Measurements (Deta54

Fair Value Measurements (Details 2) - Warrants - USD ($)	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2016	Dec. 31, 2015
Reconciliation of the beginning and ending balances
Balance at the beginning of the period	$ 3,297,077	$ 3,006,021
Fair Value of Warrants Reclassified to Additional Paid-in Capital		(435,365)
Unrealized (gains) or losses	(2,462,137)	726,421
Balance at the end of the period	$ 834,940	$ 3,297,077

Debt - Equipment Line of Credit

Debt - Equipment Line of Credit (Details) - USD ($)	1 Months Ended	12 Months Ended
	Nov. 30, 2015	Dec. 31, 2016
Line of Credit Facility [Line Items]
Amounts due under current line of credit		$ 626,104
Long-term liabilities		$ 1,232,534
Line of Credit
Line of Credit Facility [Line Items]
Maximum borrowing capacity for line of credit	$ 2,000,000
Interest rate at end of period		5.00%
Line of credit facility period for principal and interest payments after date of advance	36 months
Repayment of total amounts borrowed as a percent	7.00%
Accrued interest		$ 32,501
Interest expenses recorded		111,293
Long-term Debt, Fiscal Year Maturity [Abstract]
2,017		626,104
2,018		626,104
2,019		573,929
Total principal		1,826,137
Plus final fee premium accretion		32,501
Total long-term obligations		$ 1,858,638
Prime Rate | Line of Credit
Line of Credit Facility [Line Items]
Interest rate above reference rate	1.25%

Debt - Loan and Security Agreem

Debt - Loan and Security Agreement (Details)	Jul. 20, 2016USD ($)$ / sharesshares	Nov. 30, 2015	Jun. 30, 2014USD ($)intangible_assetshares	Dec. 31, 2016USD ($)shares	Dec. 31, 2015USD ($)	Jun. 30, 2015$ / sharesshares	Dec. 31, 2014USD ($)
Debt
Value of warrants recorded as debt discount and additional paid in capital	$ 148,885			$ 148,885			$ 235,857
Current portion of long-term debt				2,360,109	$ 5,225,818
Amount borrow, long-term liabilities				$ 14,176,359	11,246,188
Secured Debt
Debt
Number of common shares that can be purchased upon exercise of warrant | shares	42,735		30,992	73,727
Exercise price of warrants (in dollars per share) | $ / shares	$ 4.84
Warrant Exercisable Term	10 years
Current portion of debt discount				$ 265,995
Long-term debt discount				$ 248,346
Loan and Security Agreement
Debt
Interest rate at end of period				5.00%
Accrued interest				$ 32,501
Future maturities of long-term debt
2,017				626,104
2,018				626,104
2,019				573,929
Total principal				1,826,137
Plus final fee premium accretion				32,501
Total long-term obligations				1,858,638
Interest expenses recorded				$ 111,293
Loan and Security Agreement | Secured Debt
Debt
Face value of term loan			$ 15,000,000
Number of banks with which agreement is entered | intangible_asset			2
Interest rate at end of period				7.50%
Number of common shares that can be purchased upon exercise of warrant | shares						85,470
Exercise price of warrants (in dollars per share) | $ / shares						$ 3.51
Exercisable term			10 years
Value of warrants recorded as debt discount and additional paid in capital			$ 235,857	$ 148,885
Amortized portion of final fee upon repayment				1,125,000
Current portion of long-term debt				1,734,005
Amount borrow, long-term liabilities				12,943,825
Accrued interest				192,171
Future maturities of long-term debt
2,017					2,000,000
2,018					6,000,000
2,019					6,000,000
2,020					1,000,000
Total principal					15,000,000
Less discount					(514,341)
Plus final fee premium accretion					192,171
Total long-term obligations					$ 14,677,830
Interest expenses recorded				$ 1,563,049
Loan and Security Agreement | Secured Debt | Minimum
Debt
Interest rate (as a percent)	7.25%
Pre-payment fees (as a percent)				1.00%
Loan and Security Agreement | Secured Debt | Maximum
Debt
Pre-payment fees (as a percent)				3.00%
Prime Rate | Loan and Security Agreement
Debt
Interest rate above reference rate		1.25%
Prime Rate | Loan and Security Agreement | Secured Debt
Debt
Interest rate above reference rate	3.75%

Income Taxes - Narrative (Detai

Income Taxes - Narrative (Details)	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2016USD ($)
Operating loss carryforwards (NOLs)
Interest and/or penalties incurred	$ 0
Federal
Operating loss carryforwards (NOLs)
NOLs	106,700,000
California
Operating loss carryforwards (NOLs)
NOLs	87,400,000
Foreign Tax Authority [Member]
Operating loss carryforwards (NOLs)
NOLs	400,000
R&D credits | Federal
Operating loss carryforwards (NOLs)
Tax credits	2,000,000
R&D credits | California Franchise Tax Board [Member]
Operating loss carryforwards (NOLs)
Tax credits	$ 800,000

Income Taxes - Provision for In

Income Taxes - Provision for Income Taxes (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2016	Dec. 31, 2015	Dec. 31, 2014
Deferred benefit
Federal	$ (14,035)	$ (9,602)	$ (5,651)
State	(2,443)	(1,742)	(449)
Deferred Foreign Income Tax Expense (Benefit)	(114)	0	0
Total deferred benefit	(16,592)	(11,344)	(6,100)
Valuation allowance	16,592	11,344	6,100
Total income tax provision	$ 0	$ 0	$ 0

Income Taxes - Significant Comp

Income Taxes - Significant Components of Company's Taxes (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2016	Dec. 31, 2015	Dec. 31, 2014
Effective Income Tax Rate Reconciliation, Amount [Abstract]
Tax computed at the federal statutory rate	$ (13,206)	$ (9,340)
State tax, net of federal tax benefit	(2,286)	(1,559)
Effective Income Tax Rate Reconciliation, Foreign Income Tax Rate Differential, Amount	(114)	0
Permanent Items	(114)	258
Tax credits	(1,276)	(997)
Valuation allowance increase	16,996	11,638
Provision for income taxes	$ 0	$ 0	$ 0
Effective Income Tax Rate Reconciliation, Percent [Abstract]
Tax computed at the federal statutory rate (as a percent)	34.00%	34.00%
State tax, net of federal tax benefit (as a percent)	6.00%	6.00%
Effective Income Tax Rate Reconciliation, Foreign Income Tax Rate Differential, Percent	0.00%	0.00%
Permanent Items (as a percent)	0.00%	(1.00%)
Tax credits (as a percent)	3.00%	3.00%
Valuation allowance increase (decrease) (as a percent)	(43.00%)	(42.00%)
Provision for income taxes (as a percent)	0.00%	0.00%

Income Taxes - Significant Co60

Income Taxes - Significant Components of Deferred Tax Assets and Liabilities(Details) - USD ($)	Dec. 31, 2016	Dec. 31, 2015
Deferred tax assets
Tax loss carryforwards	$ 41,502	$ 28,000
Research and development credits and other tax credits	2,817	2,000
Stock-based compensation	4,658	3,000
Other	1,283	1,000
Total deferred tax assets	50,260	34,000
Valuation allowance	(50,260)	(34,000)
Net deferred tax asset	$ 0	$ 0

Commitments and Contingencies -

Commitments and Contingencies - Research and Development and License Agreements and Collaborative Arrangement (Details)	1 Months Ended	12 Months Ended
	Nov. 30, 2016milestone_payment	Dec. 31, 2016USD ($)	Dec. 31, 2015USD ($)	Dec. 31, 2014USD ($)
Loss Contingencies [Line Items]
Number of milestone payments | milestone_payment	2
Research and Development Expense
Loss Contingencies [Line Items]
Service expense		$ 2,535,000	$ 1,362,000	$ 712,000
Boreal
Loss Contingencies [Line Items]
License agreement amount paid		500,000
Boreal | Research and Development Expense
Loss Contingencies [Line Items]
Service expense		475,000
Licensing Agreements | Boreal
Loss Contingencies [Line Items]
Licensing and distribution rights commitment		$ 1,000,000

Commitments and Contingencies62

Commitments and Contingencies - Lease Agreements (Details)	Jun. 11, 2015USD ($)ft²	Nov. 30, 2015USD ($)ft²	Dec. 31, 2016USD ($)	Dec. 31, 2015USD ($)	Dec. 31, 2014USD ($)
Commitments and Contingencies Disclosure [Abstract]
Square footage of leased space | ft²	26,100	2,300
Monthly lease rent	$ 68,000	$ 3,100
Rent expense			$ 602,000	$ 471,000	$ 315,000
Lease period		3 years

Commitments and Contingencies63

Commitments and Contingencies - Non-Cancelable Lease Agreements (Details)	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2016USD ($)
Commitments and Contingencies Disclosure [Abstract]
2,017	$ 896,050
2,018	918,751
2,019	906,879
2,020	931,457
2,021	959,401
Thereafter	0
Total	4,612,538
Sublease income	$ 306,066

Commitments and Contingencies64

Commitments and Contingencies - Public Offering and Controlled Equity Offering and Database Usage (Details) - USD ($)	Jan. 25, 2013	Dec. 31, 2016	Dec. 31, 2016	May 27, 2016
Other Commitments [Line Items]
Proceeds from the sale of common stock		$ 2,400,000
Payments for Fees			$ 0
Maximum | Public Offering and Controlled Equity Offering
Other Commitments [Line Items]
Aggregate initial offering price				$ 250,000,000
Selling Agents | Public Offering and Controlled Equity Offering
Other Commitments [Line Items]
Commission as a percentage of gross proceeds	3.00%
Selling Agents | Maximum | Public Offering and Controlled Equity Offering
Other Commitments [Line Items]
Aggregate initial offering price	$ 30,000,000

Employee Benefit Plan (Details)

Employee Benefit Plan (Details)	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2016
Defined Contribution Plan
Threshold age to be eligible to make catch-up contributions to the plan per IRS code	50 years

Restructuring Charges (Details)

Restructuring Charges (Details) - USD ($)	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2016	Dec. 31, 2015	Dec. 31, 2014
Restructuring Cost and Reserve [Line Items]
Restructuring charges	$ 790,438	$ 0	$ 0
Allocated Share-based Compensation Expense	(7,504,316)	$ (3,946,027)	$ (2,070,194)
Restructuring Reserve	418,000
Employee Severance
Restructuring Cost and Reserve [Line Items]
Restructuring charges	358,000
Allocated Share-based Compensation Expense	60,000
Impaired Long-Lived Assets
Restructuring Cost and Reserve [Line Items]
Restructuring charges	$ 432,000

Related Party Transactions (Det

Related Party Transactions (Details) - USD ($)	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2016	Dec. 31, 2015
Other Affiliates
Related Party Transaction [Line Items]
Legal Fees	$ 537,000
Scientific Advisory Board Member
Related Party Transaction [Line Items]
Research and development expense	540,000	$ 188,000
Maximum commitment for related party services	743,000
Royalty expense	$ 0

Selected Quarterly Financial 68

Selected Quarterly Financial Data (Unaudited) (Details) - USD ($)	3 Months Ended								12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2016	Sep. 30, 2016	Jun. 30, 2016	Mar. 31, 2016	Dec. 31, 2015	Sep. 30, 2015	Jun. 30, 2015	Mar. 31, 2015	Dec. 31, 2016	Dec. 31, 2015	Dec. 31, 2014
Quarterly Financial Data [Abstract]
Revenues	$ 68,000	$ 89,000	$ 104,000	$ 120,000	$ 79,000	$ 58,000	$ 49,000	$ 127,000	$ 381,072	$ 312,812	$ 280,178
Operating expenses	9,850,000	10,013,000	10,084,000	10,579,000	7,463,000	6,467,000	6,682,000	4,975,000	40,526,683	25,586,464	15,225,337
Net loss attributable to common stockholders	$ (8,554,000)	$ (10,197,000)	$ (10,208,000)	$ (10,269,000)	$ (7,387,000)	$ (2,742,000)	$ (10,186,000)	$ (7,180,000)	$ (39,227,959)	$ (27,495,334)	$ (14,348,499)
Net loss per common share - basic (in dollars per share)	$ (0.28)	$ (0.34)	$ (0.34)	$ (0.35)	$ (0.25)	$ (0.10)	$ (0.41)	$ (0.33)	$ (1.30)	$ (1.05)	$ (0.76)
Net loss per common share - diluted (in dollars per share)	$ (0.34)	$ (0.34)	$ (0.34)	$ (0.36)	$ (0.26)	$ (0.23)	$ (0.41)	$ (0.33)	$ (1.37)	$ (1.21)	$ (0.88)
Shares used in the calculation of net loss attributable to common stockholders - basic (in shares)	30,639,440	30,339,774	29,958,037	29,755,184	29,723,254	28,560,211	24,592,883	21,817,710	30,174,838	26,201,713	18,904,280
Shares used in the calculation of net loss attributable to common stockholders - diluted (in shares)	30,711,946	30,339,774	29,958,037	30,108,377	30,157,038	29,128,235	24,592,883	21,817,710	30,281,263	26,452,165	19,071,112

Subsequent Events (Details)

Subsequent Events (Details)	Mar. 15, 2017USD ($)employee	Mar. 13, 2017USD ($)	Dec. 31, 2016USD ($)	Sep. 30, 2016USD ($)	Jun. 30, 2016USD ($)	Mar. 31, 2016USD ($)	Dec. 31, 2015USD ($)	Sep. 30, 2015USD ($)	Jun. 30, 2015USD ($)	Mar. 31, 2015USD ($)	Dec. 31, 2016USD ($)	Dec. 31, 2015USD ($)	Dec. 31, 2014USD ($)
Subsequent Event [Line Items]
Pre-tax expense reduction			$ 9,850,000	$ 10,013,000	$ 10,084,000	$ 10,579,000	$ 7,463,000	$ 6,467,000	$ 6,682,000	$ 4,975,000	$ 40,526,683	$ 25,586,464	$ 15,225,337
Subsequent Event [Member]
Subsequent Event [Line Items]
Upfront payment		$ 2,000,000
Pre-tax expense reduction	$ 8,000,000
Reduction of employees | employee	30