Cardiff Oncology (CRDF) 10-Q 8 Aug 19 2019 Q2 Quarterly report Financial data

Document and Entity Information

Document and Entity Information - shares	6 Months Ended
	Jun. 30, 2019	Jul. 31, 2019
Document and Entity Information
Entity Registrant Name	Trovagene, Inc.
Entity Central Index Key	0001213037
Document Type	10-Q
Document Period End Date	Jun. 30, 2019
Amendment Flag	false
Current Fiscal Year End Date	--12-31
Entity Current Reporting Status	Yes
Entity Filer Category	Non-accelerated Filer
Entity Common Stock, Shares Outstanding		5,445,764
Document Fiscal Year Focus	2019
Document Fiscal Period Focus	Q2
Entity Small Business	true
Entity Emerging Growth Company	false
Entity Shell Company	false

CONDENSED BALANCE SHEETS

CONDENSED BALANCE SHEETS - USD ($)	Jun. 30, 2019	Dec. 31, 2018
Current assets:
Cash and cash equivalents	$ 10,791,270	$ 11,453,133
Accounts receivable and unbilled receivable	122,281	167,755
Prepaid expenses	906,466	1,144,377
Total current assets	11,820,017	12,765,265
Property and equipment, net	252,053	1,304,433
Operating lease right-of-use assets	1,660,631	0
Other assets	135,262	102,798
Total Assets	13,867,963	14,172,496
Current liabilities:
Accounts payable	525,690	664,840
Accrued expenses	2,352,265	1,813,842
Operating lease liabilities	816,102	0
Deferred rent, current portion	0	486,636
Total current liabilities	3,694,057	2,965,318
Derivative financial instruments—warrants	18,287	32,315
Operating lease liabilities, net of current portion	1,307,384	0
Deferred rent, net of current portion	0	1,090,671
Total Liabilities	5,019,728	4,088,304
Commitments and contingencies (Note 8)
Stockholders’ equity
Preferred stock, $0.001 par value, 20,000,000 shares authorized; 277,100 designated as Series A Convertible Preferred Stock; 60,600 shares outstanding at June 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018 with liquidation preference of $606,000 at June 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018; 200,000 designated as Series C Convertible Preferred Stock; 0 shares outstanding at June 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018	60	60
Common stock, $0.0001 par value, 150,000,000 shares authorized; 5,441,390 and 3,831,880 shares issued and outstanding at June 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018, respectively	7,997	7,742
Additional paid-in capital	210,706,090	202,267,605
Service receivables	(1,364,234)	0
Accumulated deficit	(200,501,678)	(192,191,215)
Total stockholders’ equity	8,848,235	10,084,192
Total liabilities and stockholders’ equity	$ 13,867,963	$ 14,172,496

CONDENSED BALANCE SHEETS (Paren

CONDENSED BALANCE SHEETS (Parenthetical) - USD ($)	Jun. 30, 2019	Dec. 31, 2018
Preferred stock, par value (in USD per share)	$ 0.001	$ 0.001
Preferred stock, shares authorized (in shares)	20,000,000	20,000,000
Common stock, par value (in USD per share)	$ 0.0001	$ 0.0001
Common stock, shares authorized (in shares)	150,000,000	150,000,000
Common stock, shares issued (in shares)	5,441,390	3,831,880
Common stock, shares outstanding (in shares)	5,441,390	3,831,880
Series A Convertible Preferred Stock
Preferred stock, shares authorized (in shares)	277,100	277,100
Preferred stock, shares outstanding (in shares)	60,600	60,600
Series A Convertible Preferred Stock, liquidation preference (in dollars)	$ 606,000	$ 606,000
Series C Convertible Preferred Stock
Preferred stock, shares authorized (in shares)	200,000	0
Preferred stock, shares outstanding (in shares)	0	0

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMEN

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS - USD ($)	3 Months Ended		6 Months Ended
	Jun. 30, 2019	Jun. 30, 2018	Jun. 30, 2019	Jun. 30, 2018
Revenues [Abstract]
Total revenues	$ 138,285	$ 111,813	$ 300,243	$ 211,949
Costs and expenses:
Cost of revenues	0	204,436	0	570,780
Research and development	2,830,340	1,952,767	5,478,939	3,836,605
Selling, general and administrative	1,527,904	2,150,871	3,003,026	4,655,848
Restructuring charges	0	243,335	0	243,335
Total operating expenses	4,358,244	4,551,409	8,481,965	9,306,568
Loss from operations	(4,219,959)	(4,439,596)	(8,181,722)	(9,094,619)
Interest income	69,761	36,202	134,504	57,973
Interest expense	0	(925)	0	(25,161)
Gain from change in fair value of derivative financial instruments—warrants	23,789	711,229	14,028	581,540
Gain on extinguishment of debt	0	17,974	0	17,974
Other income (expense), net	1,106	(71,839)	3,116	(70,839)
Net loss	(4,125,303)	(3,746,955)	(8,030,074)	(8,533,132)
Preferred stock dividend payable on Series A Convertible Preferred Stock	(6,060)	(6,060)	(12,120)	(12,120)
Net loss attributable to common stockholders	$ (4,131,363)	$ (6,522,548)	$ (8,310,463)	$ (11,314,785)
Net loss per common share - basic (in USD per share)	$ (0.79)	$ (5.27)	$ (1.78)	$ (11.27)
Net loss per common share - diluted (in USD per share)	$ (0.79)	$ (5.27)	$ (1.78)	$ (11.27)
Weighted-average shares outstanding — basic (in shares)	5,241,924	1,237,244	4,667,434	1,004,391
Weighted-average shares outstanding — diluted (in shares)	5,241,924	1,237,244	4,667,434	1,004,391
Royalties
Revenues [Abstract]
Royalties	$ 36,852	$ 52,423	$ 98,873	$ 101,478
Services and other
Revenues [Abstract]
Services and other	101,433	59,390	201,370	110,471
Series B Convertible Preferred Stock
Costs and expenses:
Deemed dividend recognized for beneficial conversion features of Convertible Preferred Stock issuance	0	(2,769,533)	0	(2,769,533)
Series C Convertible Preferred Stock
Costs and expenses:
Deemed dividend recognized for beneficial conversion features of Convertible Preferred Stock issuance	$ 0	$ 0	$ (268,269)	$ 0

CONDENSED STATEMENT OF STOCKHOL

CONDENSED STATEMENT OF STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITY - USD ($)	Total	Preferred Stock	Common Stock	Additional Paid-In Capital	Service Receivable	Accumulated Deficit
Balance, beginning (in shares) at Dec. 31, 2017		60,600	733,217
Balance, beginning at Dec. 31, 2017	$ 6,506,107	$ 60	$ 5,279	$ 179,546,954		$ (173,046,186)
Increase (Decrease) in Stockholders' Equity [Roll Forward]
Stock-based compensation	1,406,131			1,406,131
Issuance of common stock upon exercise of warrants (in shares)			71,347
Issuance of common stock upon exercise of warrants	1,449,167		$ 514	1,448,653
Issuance of common stock upon vesting of restricted stock units (in shares)			12,567
Issuance of common stock upon vesting of restricted stock units			$ 90	(90)
Preferred stock dividend payable on Series A Convertible Preferred Stock	(6,060)					(6,060)
Net loss	(4,786,177)					(4,786,177)
Cumulative adjustment upon adoption of ASC 606	109,922					109,922
Balance, ending (in shares) at Mar. 31, 2018		60,600	817,131
Balance, ending at Mar. 31, 2018	4,679,090	$ 60	$ 5,883	182,401,648		(177,728,501)
Balance, beginning (in shares) at Dec. 31, 2017		60,600	733,217
Balance, beginning at Dec. 31, 2017	6,506,107	$ 60	$ 5,279	179,546,954		(173,046,186)
Increase (Decrease) in Stockholders' Equity [Roll Forward]
Release of clinical trial funding commitment	0
Net loss	(8,533,132)
Balance, ending (in shares) at Jun. 30, 2018		66,250	2,884,168
Balance, ending at Jun. 30, 2018	17,477,162	$ 66	$ 7,173	201,720,972		(184,251,049)
Balance, beginning (in shares) at Mar. 31, 2018		60,600	817,131
Balance, beginning at Mar. 31, 2018	4,679,090	$ 60	$ 5,883	182,401,648		(177,728,501)
Increase (Decrease) in Stockholders' Equity [Roll Forward]
Stock-based compensation	221,300			221,300
Issuance of common stock upon exercise of warrants (in shares)			7,570
Issuance of common stock upon exercise of warrants	163,500		$ 55	163,445
Preferred stock dividend payable on Series A Convertible Preferred Stock	(6,060)					(6,060)
Issuance of common stock for share rounding as a result of reverse stock split (in shares)			1,134
Net loss	(3,746,955)					(3,746,955)
Sale of common stock and warrants, net of expenses (in shares)			1,523,333
Sale of common stock and warrants, net of expenses	11,779,525		$ 914	11,778,611
Issuance of common stock upon conversion of Series C Convertible Preferred Stock (in shares)		(3,210)	535,000
Issuance of common stock upon conversion of Series C Convertible Preferred Stock		$ (3)	$ 321	(318)
Sale of Series B Convertible Preferred Stock, net of expenses (in shares)		8,860
Sale of Series B Convertible Preferred Stock, net of expenses	4,386,762	$ 9		4,386,753
Deemed dividend recognized on beneficial conversion features of Series B Convertible Preferred Stock issuance				2,769,533		(2,769,533)
Balance, ending (in shares) at Jun. 30, 2018		66,250	2,884,168
Balance, ending at Jun. 30, 2018	17,477,162	$ 66	$ 7,173	201,720,972		(184,251,049)
Balance, beginning (in shares) at Dec. 31, 2018		60,600	3,831,879
Balance, beginning at Dec. 31, 2018	10,084,192	$ 60	$ 7,742	202,267,605	$ 0	(192,191,215)
Increase (Decrease) in Stockholders' Equity [Roll Forward]
Stock-based compensation	200,067			200,067
Issuance of common stock, preferred stock and warrants for clinical trial funding commitment, net of expenses of $40,000 (in shares)		200,000	183,334
Issuance of common stock, preferred stock and warrants for clinical trial funding commitment, net of expenses and discount of $40,000 and $235,640, respectively	(40,000)	$ 200	$ 110	1,634,690	(1,675,000)
Deemed dividend recognized on beneficial conversion features of Series C Convertible Preferred Stock issuance				268,269		(268,269)
Issuance of common stock upon exercise of warrants (in shares)			497,313
Issuance of common stock upon exercise of warrants	3,282,266		$ 50	3,282,216
Issuance of common stock upon vesting of restricted stock units (in shares)			6,362
Issuance of common stock upon vesting of restricted stock units			$ 4	(4)
Preferred stock dividend payable on Series A Convertible Preferred Stock	(6,060)					(6,060)
Issuance of common stock for share rounding as a result of reverse stock split (in shares)			6,466
Release of clinical trial funding commitment	70,487				70,487
Net loss	(3,904,771)					(3,904,771)
Balance, ending (in shares) at Mar. 31, 2019		260,600	4,525,354
Balance, ending at Mar. 31, 2019	9,686,181	$ 260	$ 7,906	207,652,843	(1,604,513)	(196,370,315)
Balance, beginning (in shares) at Dec. 31, 2018		60,600	3,831,879
Balance, beginning at Dec. 31, 2018	10,084,192	$ 60	$ 7,742	202,267,605	0	(192,191,215)
Increase (Decrease) in Stockholders' Equity [Roll Forward]
Issuance of common stock upon exercise of warrants (in shares)			497,313
Issuance of common stock for share rounding as a result of reverse stock split (in shares)			6,466
Release of clinical trial funding commitment	(310,766)
Net loss	(8,030,074)
Sale of Series B Convertible Preferred Stock, net of expenses (in shares)			1,609,511
Balance, ending (in shares) at Jun. 30, 2019		60,600	5,441,390
Balance, ending at Jun. 30, 2019	8,848,235	$ 60	$ 7,997	210,706,090	(1,364,234)	(200,501,678)
Balance, beginning (in shares) at Mar. 31, 2019		260,600	4,525,354
Balance, beginning at Mar. 31, 2019	9,686,181	$ 260	$ 7,906	207,652,843	(1,604,513)	(196,370,315)
Increase (Decrease) in Stockholders' Equity [Roll Forward]
Stock-based compensation	148,834			148,834
Issuance of common stock upon exercise of warrants (in shares)			156,353
Issuance of common stock upon exercise of warrants	1,564		$ 16	1,548
Issuance of common stock upon vesting of restricted stock units (in shares)			4,433
Issuance of common stock upon vesting of restricted stock units			$ 0	0
Preferred stock dividend payable on Series A Convertible Preferred Stock	(6,060)					(6,060)
Release of clinical trial funding commitment	240,279				240,279
Net loss	(4,125,303)					(4,125,303)
Sale of common stock and warrants, net of expenses (in shares)			421,917
Sale of common stock and warrants, net of expenses	2,902,740		$ 42	2,902,698
Issuance of common stock upon conversion of Series C Convertible Preferred Stock (in shares)		(200,000)	333,333
Issuance of common stock upon conversion of Series C Convertible Preferred Stock		$ (200)	$ 33	167
Balance, ending (in shares) at Jun. 30, 2019		60,600	5,441,390
Balance, ending at Jun. 30, 2019	$ 8,848,235	$ 60	$ 7,997	$ 210,706,090	$ (1,364,234)	$ (200,501,678)

CONDENSED STATEMENT OF STOCKH_2

CONDENSED STATEMENT OF STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITY (Parenthetical)	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2019USD ($)
Statement of Stockholders' Equity [Abstract]
Cost of issuance of common stock, preferred stock and warrants	$ 40,000
Discount of issuance of common stock, preferred stock and warrants for clinical trial funding commitment	$ 235,640

CONDENSED STATEMENTS OF CASH FL

CONDENSED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS - USD ($)	6 Months Ended
	Jun. 30, 2019	Jun. 30, 2018
Operating activities
Net loss	$ (8,030,074)	$ (8,533,132)
Adjustments to reconcile net loss to net cash used in operating activities:
Loss on disposal of assets	0	198,099
Impairment loss	0	187,500
Depreciation and amortization	87,219	483,495
Stock-based compensation expense	348,901	1,627,431
Gain on extinguishment of debt	0	(17,974)
Deferred rent	0	(163,847)
Change in fair value of derivative financial instruments—warrants	(14,028)	(581,540)
Release of clinical trial funding commitment	310,766	0
Changes in operating assets and liabilities:
Other assets	(32,464)	(199,743)
Accounts receivable and unbilled receivable	45,474	62,935
Prepaid expenses	163,950	191,321
Operating lease right-of-use assets	309,713	0
Accounts payable and accrued expenses	387,046	638,701
Operating lease liabilities	(379,662)	0
Net cash used in operating activities	(6,803,159)	(6,106,754)
Investing activities:
Capital expenditures	(5,274)	(5,100)
Purchases of short-term investments	0	(31,500)
Net cash used in investing activities	(5,274)	(36,600)
Financing activities:
Proceeds from sales of common stock and warrants, net of expenses of $97,260 and $1,336,123, respectively	2,902,740	11,779,525
Proceeds from sales of Series B Convertible Preferred Stock, net of expenses of $497,617	0	4,386,762
Costs related to the clinical trial funding commitment	(40,000)	0
Proceeds from exercise of warrants	3,283,830	1,612,667
Payment upon debt extinguishment	0	(175,381)
Repayments of equipment line of credit	0	(1,200,033)
Net cash provided by financing activities	6,146,570	16,403,540
Net change in cash and cash equivalents	(661,863)	10,260,186
Cash and cash equivalents—Beginning of period	11,453,133	8,225,764
Cash and cash equivalents—End of period	10,791,270	18,485,950
Supplementary disclosure of cash flow activity:
Cash paid for taxes	800	800
Cash paid for interest	0	22,482
Supplemental disclosure of non-cash investing and financing activities:
Preferred stock dividend payable on Series A Convertible Preferred Stock	12,120	12,120
Common stock, preferred stock and warrants issued in connection with clinical trial funding commitment	1,675,000	0
Series B Convertible Preferred Stock
Supplemental disclosure of non-cash investing and financing activities:
Deemed dividend recognized for beneficial conversion features of Series C Convertible Preferred Stock issuance	0	2,769,533
Common stock issued upon conversion of Preferred Stock	0	321
Series C Convertible Preferred Stock
Supplemental disclosure of non-cash investing and financing activities:
Deemed dividend recognized for beneficial conversion features of Series C Convertible Preferred Stock issuance	268,269	0
Common stock issued upon conversion of Preferred Stock	$ 33	$ 0

CONDENSED STATEMENTS OF CASH _2

CONDENSED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS (Parenthetical) - USD ($)	6 Months Ended
	Jun. 30, 2019	Jun. 30, 2018
Discount of issuance of common stock, preferred stock and warrants for clinical trial funding commitment	$ 235,640
Common Stock And Warrants
Sale of stock expense	$ 97,260	$ 1,336,123
Series B Convertible Preferred Stock
Sale of stock expense		$ 497,617

Organization and Basis of Prese

Organization and Basis of Presentation	6 Months Ended
	Jun. 30, 2019
Organization, Consolidation and Presentation of Financial Statements [Abstract]
Organization and Basis of Presentation	Organization and Basis of Presentation Business Organization and Overview Trovagene, Inc. (“Trovagene” or the “Company”) headquartered in San Diego, California, is a clinical-stage, oncology therapeutics company, taking a Precision Cancer Medicine TM (PCM) approach to develop drugs that target mitosis (cell division) to treat various types of cancer, including leukemias, lymphomas and solid tumors. Trovagene’s intellectual property and proprietary technology enables the Company to analyze circulating tumor DNA (“ctDNA”) and clinically actionable markers. Unique to the Company’s clinical development plan, and a key component of its precision cancer medicine approach, is the integration of predictive clinical biomarkers to identify patients most likely to respond to treatment. Basis of Presentation The accompanying unaudited interim condensed financial statements of Trovagene have been prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (“GAAP”) and the rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”) related to a quarterly report on Form 10-Q. Certain information and note disclosures normally included in annual financial statements prepared in accordance with GAAP have been condensed or omitted pursuant to those rules and regulations. The unaudited interim condensed financial statements reflect all adjustments consisting of normal recurring adjustments which, in the opinion of management, are necessary for a fair statement of the Company’s financial position and the results of its operations and cash flows for the periods presented. The unaudited condensed balance sheet at December 31, 2018 has been derived from the audited financial statements at that date but does not include all of the information and disclosures required by GAAP for annual financial statements. The operating results presented in these unaudited interim condensed financial statements are not necessarily indicative of the results that may be expected for any future periods. These unaudited interim condensed financial statements should be read in conjunction with the audited financial statements and the notes thereto for the year ended December 31, 2018 included in the Company’s annual report on Form 10-K filed with the SEC on March 6, 2019. The Company made a reverse split of its common stock, $0.0001 par value, at a ratio of 1 for 6 , effective February 19, 2019. All share and per share information in the unaudited condensed financial statements and the accompanying notes have been retroactively adjusted to reflect the reverse stock split for all periods presented. Liquidity Trovagene’s condensed financial statements as of June 30, 2019 have been prepared under the assumption that Trovagene will continue as a going concern, which assumes that the Company will realize its assets and satisfy its liabilities in the normal course of business. The accompanying financial statements do not include any adjustments to reflect the possible future effects on the recoverability and classification of assets or the amounts and classifications of liabilities that may result from the outcome of the uncertainty concerning the Company’s ability to continue as a going concern. The Company has incurred net losses since its inception and has negative operating cash flows. Considering the Company’s current cash resources, and service receivable related to the clinical trial funding commitment, management projects the Company’s existing resources will be sufficient to fund the Company’s planned operations into the first quarter of 2020 . Based on its current business plan and assumptions, the Company expects to continue to incur significant losses and require significant additional capital to further advance its clinical trial programs and support its other operations. The Company has based its cash sufficiency estimates on its current business plan and its assumptions that may prove to be wrong. The Company could utilize its available capital resources sooner than it currently expects, and it could need additional funding to sustain its operations even sooner than currently anticipated. These circumstances raise substantial doubt about the Company’s ability to continue as a going concern. For the foreseeable future, the Company’s ability to continue its operations is dependent upon its ability to obtain additional capital. The Company cannot be certain that additional funding will be available on acceptable terms, or at all. To the extent that the Company can raise additional funds by issuing equity securities, the Company’s stockholders may experience significant dilution. If the Company is unable to raise additional capital when required or on acceptable terms, it may have to significantly delay, scale back or discontinue the development and/or commercialization of one or more of its product candidates, all of which would have a material adverse impact on the Company’s operations. The Company may also be required to: • Seek collaborators for product candidates at an earlier stage than otherwise would be desirable and on terms that are less favorable than might otherwise be available; and • Relinquish licenses or otherwise dispose of rights to technologies, product candidates or products that the Company would otherwise seek to develop or commercialize themselves, on unfavorable terms. The Company is evaluating the following options to raise additional capital, increase revenue, as well as reduce costs, in an effort to strengthen its liquidity position: • Raising capital through public and private equity offerings; • Introducing operation and business development initiatives to bring in new revenue streams; • Reducing operating costs by identifying internal synergies; and • Engaging in strategic partnerships. As of June 30, 2019 , the Company has received approximately $3.3 million upon exercise of 497,313 warrants in connection with the June 2018 underwritten public offering. The Company has also received approximately $2.9 million from proceeds from the sale of common stock and warrants, net of expenses. The Company continually assesses its spending plans to effectively and efficiently address its liquidity needs.

Summary of Significant Accounti

Summary of Significant Accounting Policies	6 Months Ended
	Jun. 30, 2019
Accounting Policies [Abstract]
Summary of Significant Accounting Policies	Summary of Significant Accounting Policies During the six months ended June 30, 2019 , there have been no changes to the Company’s significant accounting policies as described in its Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2018 , except as described below. Leases The Company determines if an arrangement is a lease at inception. Operating leases are included in operating lease right-of-use (“ROU”) assets, current operating lease liabilities and non-current operating lease liabilities in the Company’s balance sheets. ROU assets represent the Company’s right to use an underlying asset for the lease term and lease liabilities represent its obligation to make lease payments arising from the lease. Operating lease ROU assets and liabilities are recognized at commencement date based on the present value of lease payments over the lease term. As its leases do not provide an implicit rate, the Company uses its incremental borrowing rate based on the information available at commencement date in determining the present value of lease payments. The operating lease ROU asset also includes any lease payments made less lease incentives received. The Company’s lease terms may include options to extend or terminate the lease when it is reasonably certain that the Company will exercise that option. Lease expense is recognized on a straight-line basis over the lease term. Our facilities lease agreements contain lease and non-lease components, such as common area maintenance. We have elected to account for these lease and non-lease components of these agreements as a single lease component. Leases with an initial term of 12 months or less are not recorded on the Company's balance sheets. These short term leases are expensed on a straight line basis over the lease term. Net Loss Per Share Basic and diluted net loss per share is presented in conformity with ASC Topic 260, Earnings per Share , for all periods presented. In accordance with this guidance, basic net loss per common share was determined by dividing net loss applicable to common stockholders by the weighted-average common shares outstanding during the period. Preferred dividends are included in income available to common stockholders in the computation of basic and diluted earnings per share. Diluted net loss per share is computed by dividing the net loss by the weighted average number of common shares and common share equivalents outstanding for the period. Common share equivalents are only included when their effect is dilutive. The following table sets forth the computation of basic and diluted earnings per share: Three Months Six Months 2019 2018 2019 2018 Numerator: Net loss attributable to common shareholders $ (4,131,363 ) $ (6,522,548 ) $ (8,310,463 ) $ (11,314,785 ) Net loss used for diluted loss per share $ (4,131,363 ) $ (6,522,548 ) $ (8,310,463 ) $ (11,314,785 ) Denominator for basic and diluted net loss per share: Weighted-average shares used to compute basic loss per share 5,241,924 1,237,244 4,667,434 1,004,391 Weighted-average shares used to compute diluted net loss per share 5,241,924 1,237,244 4,667,434 1,004,391 Net loss per share attributable to common stockholders: Basic $ (0.79 ) $ (5.27 ) $ (1.78 ) $ (11.27 ) Diluted $ (0.79 ) $ (5.27 ) $ (1.78 ) $ (11.27 ) The following table sets forth the outstanding potentially dilutive securities that have been excluded in the calculation of diluted net loss per share because their effect was anti-dilutive: June 30, 2019 2018 Options to purchase Common Stock 1,033,274 90,167 Warrants to purchase Common Stock 4,404,185 3,698,256 Restricted Stock Units 14,187 2,067 Series A Convertible Preferred Stock 877 877 Series B Convertible Preferred Stock — 941,667 5,452,523 4,733,034 Recently Adopted Accounting Pronouncement In February 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-02, Leases (Topic 842) (“ASU 2016-02”). ASU 2016-02 changes accounting for leases and requires lessees to recognize the assets and liabilities arising from most leases, including those classified as operating leases under previous accounting guidance, on the balance sheet and requires disclosure of key information about leasing arrangements to increase transparency and comparability among organizations. In July 2018, the FASB issued ASU 2018-10, Codification Improvements to Topic 842 , which provides narrow amendments to clarify how to apply certain aspects of the new lease standard. In July 2018, ASU 2018-11, Leases: Targeted Improvements , was issued to provide relief to companies from restating comparative periods. Pursuant to this ASU, in the period of adoption the Company will not restate comparative periods presented in its financial statements. The Company adopted ASU 2016-02 in the first quarter of 2019 utilizing the modified retrospective transition method through a cumulative-effect adjustment at the beginning of the first quarter of 2019 and did not restate comparative periods. The Company has elected the package of practical expedients, which allows the Company not to reassess (1) whether any expired or existing contracts as of the adoption date are or contain a lease, (2) lease classification for any expired or existing leases as of the adoption date and (3) initial direct costs for any existing leases as of the adoption date. The Company did not elect to apply the hindsight practical expedient when determining lease term and assessing impairment of right-of-use assets. The adoption of ASU 2016-02 on January 1, 2019 resulted in the recognition of right-of-use assets of approximately $1,970,000 and lease liabilities for operating leases of approximately $2,503,000 . There was no cumulative effect adjustment to accumulated deficit as a result of the adoption and there was not a material impact to the Company’s consolidated statement of operations. Refer to Note 5 to the condensed financial statements for further details. Recent Accounting Pronouncement Not Yet Adopted In August 2018, the FASB issued ASU No. 2018-13, Changes to the Disclosure Requirements for Fair Value Measurement . This ASU eliminates, adds and modifies certain disclosure requirements for fair value measurements as part of its disclosure framework project. The standard is effective for all entities for financial statements issued for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2019, and interim periods within those fiscal years. Early adoption is permitted. The adoption of this guidance is not expected to have a material impact on the Company’s financial statements.

Fair Value Measurements

Fair Value Measurements	6 Months Ended
	Jun. 30, 2019
Fair Value Disclosures [Abstract]
Fair Value Measurements	Fair Value Measurements The following table presents the Company’s assets and liabilities that are measured and recognized at fair value on a recurring basis classified under the appropriate level of the fair value hierarchy as of June 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018 : Fair Value Measurements at Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Assets and Liabilities (Level 1) Significant Other Observable Inputs (Level 2) Significant Unobservable Inputs (Level 3) Total Assets: Money market fund (1) $ 10,742,715 $ — $ — $ 10,742,715 Total Assets $ 10,742,715 $ — $ — $ 10,742,715 Liabilities: Derivative financial instruments — warrants $ — $ — $ 18,287 $ 18,287 Total Liabilities $ — $ — $ 18,287 $ 18,287 Fair Value Measurements at Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Assets and Liabilities (Level 1) Significant Other Observable Inputs (Level 2) Significant Unobservable Inputs (Level 3) Total Assets: Money market fund (1) $ 11,392,093 $ — $ — $ 11,392,093 Total Assets $ 11,392,093 $ — $ — $ 11,392,093 Liabilities: Derivative financial instruments — warrants $ — $ — $ 32,315 $ 32,315 Total Liabilities $ — $ — $ 32,315 $ 32,315 (1) Included as a component of cash and cash equivalents on the accompanying condensed balance sheets. The following table sets forth a summary of changes in the fair value of the Company’s Level 3 liabilities for the six months ended June 30, 2019 : Description Balance at Realized (gains) or losses Balance at Derivative financial instruments — warrants $ 32,315 $ (14,028 ) $ 18,287 The change in the fair value of the “derivative financial instruments—warrants” is recorded as a gain or loss in the Company’s statement of operations. A financial instrument’s level within the fair value hierarchy is based on the lowest level of any input that is significant to the fair value measurement. At each reporting period, the Company reviews the assets and liabilities that are subject to ASC Topic 815-40 and ASC Topic 480-10. At each reporting period, all assets and liabilities for which the fair value measurement is based on significant unobservable inputs or instruments that trade infrequently and therefore have little or no price transparency are classified as Level 3.

Property and Equipment

Property and Equipment	6 Months Ended
	Jun. 30, 2019
Property, Plant and Equipment [Abstract]
Property and Equipment	Property and Equipment Property and equipment consist of the following: As of June 30, As of December 31, Furniture and office equipment $ 775,030 $ 775,030 Leasehold improvements 102,230 1,962,230 Laboratory equipment 682,508 677,234 1,559,768 3,414,494 Less—accumulated depreciation and amortization (1,307,715 ) (2,110,061 ) Property and equipment, net $ 252,053 $ 1,304,433

Leases

Leases	6 Months Ended
	Jun. 30, 2019
Leases [Abstract]
Leases	Leases As a lessee, the Company’s current leases include its master facility lease and immaterial equipment leases, all of which are considered operating leases. The Company (as a sublessor) also subleases portions of its facility to third parties under three separate subleases. All of these subleases have been determined to be operating leases and are accounted for separately from the head lease. Master Facility Lease The Company leases a building in San Diego under an operating lease that expires on December 31, 2021. The lease currently requires fixed monthly rent payments of approximately $76,000 , with 3% annual escalation. The lease also contains one five -year renewal option with minimum monthly rent equal to the then-current fair market value, subject to a 3% annual increase. As the Company is not reasonably certain to exercise this option, it has not been included in the calculation of the lease liability or right-of-use asset related to this lease. Facility Subleases As a result of corporate restructurings in previous years, the Company vacated a portion of its facility and has subleased the space to third parties under three separate sublease agreements, including one that expires October 31, 2019 and two that expire December 31, 2021. Under the new standard, ROU assets and lease liabilities are not required to be established on the Company’s balance sheet for such operating subleases. The Company recorded a cease-use loss liability and expense in 2018 pursuant to ASC 420, Exit or Disposal Cost Obligations , representing the total expected shortfall in sublease income for two of the subleases as compared to its required payments for those spaces under the remainder of the master lease term. This liability was being amortized over the remaining lease term until the adoption of ASC 842, whereupon the remaining cease-use loss liability of approximately $487,000 was eliminated and treated as a reduction to the beginning ROU asset value for the master lease as of January 1, 2019. Income will continue to be recognized on a straight-line basis over the term of the sublease and will be reported on a gross basis as other revenue in the Company’s condensed statement of operations since the Company is not relieved of its primary obligation under the head lease. The components of lease expense were as follows: Three months ended June 30, 2019 Six Months Ended June 30, 2019 Operating lease cost $ 192,985 $ 387,447 Operating sublease income (99,938 ) (199,875 ) Net operating lease cost $ 93,047 $ 187,572 Supplemental balance sheet information related to leases was as follows: June 30, 2019 Operating lease ROU assets $ 1,660,631 Current operating lease liabilities $ 816,102 Non-current operating lease liabilities 1,307,384 Total operating lease liabilities $ 2,123,486 Weighted-average remaining lease term–operating leases 2.5 years Weighted-average discount rate–operating leases 6.5 % Supplemental cash flow and other information related to leases was as follows: Three months ended June 30, 2019 Six Months Ended June 30, 2019 Cash paid for amounts included in the measurement of lease liabilities: Operating cash flows from operating leases $ 229,574 $ 455,938 ROU assets obtained in exchange for lease obligations: Operating leases $ — $ 2,503,148 Total remaining annual commitments under non-cancelable lease agreements for each of the years ended December 31 are as follows: Year Ending December 31, Operating Leases Sublease Income Net Operating Leases 2019 (excluding the six months ended June 30, 2019) $ 384,533 $ (181,779 ) $ 202,754 2020 941,670 (291,173 ) 650,497 2021 968,165 (291,173 ) 676,992 2022 5,868 — 5,868 2023 3,423 — 3,423 Total future minimum lease payments 2,303,659 $ (764,125 ) $ 1,539,534 Less imputed interest (180,173 ) Total $ 2,123,486 Total annual commitments under non-cancelable lease agreements as of December 31, 2018 under the previous lease accounting guidance are as follows: Operating Leases Sublease Income Net Operating Leases 2019 $ 914,540 $ (333,124 ) $ 581,416 2020 941,670 — 941,670 2021 968,165 — 968,165 2022 5,868 — 5,868 2023 3,423 — 3,423 Total $ 2,833,666 $ (333,124 ) $ 2,500,542
Leases	Leases As a lessee, the Company’s current leases include its master facility lease and immaterial equipment leases, all of which are considered operating leases. The Company (as a sublessor) also subleases portions of its facility to third parties under three separate subleases. All of these subleases have been determined to be operating leases and are accounted for separately from the head lease. Master Facility Lease The Company leases a building in San Diego under an operating lease that expires on December 31, 2021. The lease currently requires fixed monthly rent payments of approximately $76,000 , with 3% annual escalation. The lease also contains one five -year renewal option with minimum monthly rent equal to the then-current fair market value, subject to a 3% annual increase. As the Company is not reasonably certain to exercise this option, it has not been included in the calculation of the lease liability or right-of-use asset related to this lease. Facility Subleases As a result of corporate restructurings in previous years, the Company vacated a portion of its facility and has subleased the space to third parties under three separate sublease agreements, including one that expires October 31, 2019 and two that expire December 31, 2021. Under the new standard, ROU assets and lease liabilities are not required to be established on the Company’s balance sheet for such operating subleases. The Company recorded a cease-use loss liability and expense in 2018 pursuant to ASC 420, Exit or Disposal Cost Obligations , representing the total expected shortfall in sublease income for two of the subleases as compared to its required payments for those spaces under the remainder of the master lease term. This liability was being amortized over the remaining lease term until the adoption of ASC 842, whereupon the remaining cease-use loss liability of approximately $487,000 was eliminated and treated as a reduction to the beginning ROU asset value for the master lease as of January 1, 2019. Income will continue to be recognized on a straight-line basis over the term of the sublease and will be reported on a gross basis as other revenue in the Company’s condensed statement of operations since the Company is not relieved of its primary obligation under the head lease. The components of lease expense were as follows: Three months ended June 30, 2019 Six Months Ended June 30, 2019 Operating lease cost $ 192,985 $ 387,447 Operating sublease income (99,938 ) (199,875 ) Net operating lease cost $ 93,047 $ 187,572 Supplemental balance sheet information related to leases was as follows: June 30, 2019 Operating lease ROU assets $ 1,660,631 Current operating lease liabilities $ 816,102 Non-current operating lease liabilities 1,307,384 Total operating lease liabilities $ 2,123,486 Weighted-average remaining lease term–operating leases 2.5 years Weighted-average discount rate–operating leases 6.5 % Supplemental cash flow and other information related to leases was as follows: Three months ended June 30, 2019 Six Months Ended June 30, 2019 Cash paid for amounts included in the measurement of lease liabilities: Operating cash flows from operating leases $ 229,574 $ 455,938 ROU assets obtained in exchange for lease obligations: Operating leases $ — $ 2,503,148 Total remaining annual commitments under non-cancelable lease agreements for each of the years ended December 31 are as follows: Year Ending December 31, Operating Leases Sublease Income Net Operating Leases 2019 (excluding the six months ended June 30, 2019) $ 384,533 $ (181,779 ) $ 202,754 2020 941,670 (291,173 ) 650,497 2021 968,165 (291,173 ) 676,992 2022 5,868 — 5,868 2023 3,423 — 3,423 Total future minimum lease payments 2,303,659 $ (764,125 ) $ 1,539,534 Less imputed interest (180,173 ) Total $ 2,123,486 Total annual commitments under non-cancelable lease agreements as of December 31, 2018 under the previous lease accounting guidance are as follows: Operating Leases Sublease Income Net Operating Leases 2019 $ 914,540 $ (333,124 ) $ 581,416 2020 941,670 — 941,670 2021 968,165 — 968,165 2022 5,868 — 5,868 2023 3,423 — 3,423 Total $ 2,833,666 $ (333,124 ) $ 2,500,542

Derivative Financial Instrument

Derivative Financial Instruments - Warrants	6 Months Ended
	Jun. 30, 2019
Derivative Instruments and Hedging Activities Disclosure [Abstract]
Derivative Financial Instruments - Warrants	Derivative Financial Instruments — Warrants Based upon the Company’s analysis of the criteria contained in ASC Topic 815-40, Contracts in Entity’s Own Equity (“ASC 815-40”) or ASC Topic 480-10, Distinguishing Liabilities from Equity (“ASC 480-10”), Trovagene determined that certain warrants issued in connection with the execution of certain equity financings must be recorded as derivative liabilities. In accordance with ASC 815-40 and ASC 480-10, the warrants are also being re-measured at each balance sheet date based on estimated fair value, and any resultant change in fair value is being recorded in the Company’s condensed statements of operations. The Company estimates the fair value of these warrants using the Black-Scholes option pricing model. The range of assumptions used to determine the fair value of the warrants valued using the Black-Scholes option pricing model during the periods indicated were: Six Months Ended June 30, 2019 2018 Estimated fair value of Trovagene common stock 2.50-3.75 4.62-25.20 Expected warrant term 3.6-4.1 years 0.5-5.1 years Risk-free interest rate 1.72-2.49% 1.76-2.71% Expected volatility 102-106% 91-131% Dividend yield 0 % 0 % Expected volatility is based on historical volatility of Trovagene’s common stock. The warrants have a transferability provision and based on guidance provided in Staff Accounting Bulletin (“SAB”) No. 107, Share-Based Payment (“SAB No. 107”) , for instruments issued with such a provision, Trovagene used the remaining contractual term as the expected term of the warrants. The risk-free rate is based on the U.S. Treasury security rates consistent with the expected remaining term of the warrants at each balance sheet date. The following table sets forth the components of changes in the Company’s derivative financial instruments — warrants liability balance, valued using the Black-Scholes option pricing method, for the periods indicated. Date Description Number of Warrants Derivative Instrument Liability December 31, 2018 Balance of derivative financial instruments — warrants liability 64,496 $ 32,315 Change in fair value of derivative financial instruments — warrants during the period recognized as a gain in the condensed statements of operations — (14,028 ) June 30, 2019 Balance of derivative financial instruments — warrants liability 64,496 $ 18,287

Stockholders' Equity

Stockholders' Equity	6 Months Ended
	Jun. 30, 2019
Stockholders' Equity Note [Abstract]
Stockholders' Equity	Stockholders’ Equity Common Stock During the six months ended June 30, 2019 , the Company issued a total of 1,609,511 shares of Common Stock. The Company issued 183,334 shares of its common stock, 150,000 warrants, and 200,000 shares of Series C Convertible Preferred Stock through a private placement in January 2019 to PoC Capital, LLC (“PoC”) in exchange for funding Company’s clinical trials in the aggregate amount of $1.675 million . The Company also received gross proceeds of $3.0 million from the sale of 421,917 shares of its common stock, 840,181 warrants, and 418,264 pre-funded warrants through registered direct offerings and private placements in April and May 2019. 497,313 shares were issued upon exercise of warrants for a weighted-average price of $6.60 . 10,795 shares were issued upon vesting of restricted stock units (“RSUs”). 333,333 shares were issued upon conversion of Series C Convertible Preferred Stock. In addition, 6,466 shares were issued for share rounding as a result of the reverse stock split. Stock Options Stock-based compensation expense related to Trovagene equity awards have been recognized in operating results as follows: Three Months Ended June 30, Six Months Ended June 30, 2019 2018 2019 2018 Included in cost of revenue $ — $ (9,143 ) $ — $ 30,488 Included in research and development expense $ 86,058 $ 111,812 $ 196,139 $ 507,521 Included in selling, general and administrative expense 62,776 118,631 152,763 1,089,422 Total stock-based compensation expense $ 148,834 $ 221,300 $ 348,902 $ 1,627,431 The unrecognized compensation cost related to non-vested stock options outstanding at June 30, 2019 and 2018 , net of expected forfeitures, was $1,735,973 and $650,165 , respectively, which is expected to be recognized over a weighted-average remaining vesting period of 2.5 and 1.4 years , respectively. The weighted-average remaining contractual term of outstanding options as of June 30, 2019 was approximately 9.7 years . The total fair value of stock options vested during the six months ended June 30, 2019 and 2018 were $279,760 and $1,246,260 , respectively. The estimated fair value of stock option awards was determined on the date of grant using the Black-Scholes option valuation model with the following weighted-average assumptions during the following periods indicated: Six Months Ended June 30, 2019 2018 Risk-free interest rate 1.8 % 2.43 % Dividend yield 0 % 0 % Expected volatility 95 % 90 % Expected term 5.9 years 5.2 years A summary of stock option activity and changes in stock options outstanding is presented below: Total Options Weighted-Average Exercise Price Per Share Intrinsic Value Balance outstanding, December 31, 2018 83,345 $ 146.09 $ — Granted 961,313 $ 2.50 Canceled / Forfeited (11,384 ) $ 70.82 Balance outstanding, June 30, 2019 1,033,274 $ 13.34 $ 19,059 Exercisable at June 30, 2019 74,486 $ 149.43 $ — On June 6, 2019, the number of authorized shares in the Trovagene 2014 Equity Incentive Plan (“2014 EIP”) was increased from 243,056 to 1,243,056 . As of June 30, 2019 , there were 161,500 shares available for issuance under the 2014 EIP. Restricted Stock Units The weighted-average grant date fair value of the RSUs was $4.04 per share during the six months ended June 30, 2019 . There were no RSUs granted during the six months ended June 30, 2018 . A summary of the RSU activity is presented below: Number of Shares Weighted-Average Grant Date Fair Value Per Share Intrinsic Value Non-vested RSUs outstanding, December 31, 2018 30,132 $ 14.36 $ 95,005 Granted 167 $ 4.04 Vested (10,795 ) $ 13.67 $ 41,233 Forfeited (5,317 ) $ 13.04 Non-vested RSUs outstanding, June 30, 2019 14,187 $ 15.25 $ 35,468 At June 30, 2019 , total unrecognized compensation cost related to non-vested RSUs was $122,189 , which is expected to be recognized over a weighted-average period of 1.3 years . The total fair value of vested RSUs during the six months ended June 30, 2019 and 2018 were $147,516 and $1,071,069 , respectively. Warrants A summary of warrant activity and changes in warrants outstanding, including both liability and equity classifications is presented below: Total Warrants Weighted-Average Exercise Price Per Share Weighted-Average Remaining Contractual Term Balance outstanding, December 31, 2018 3,649,341 $ 8.91 4.4 Granted 1,408,510 $ 3.50 Exercised (653,666 ) $ 5.96 Balance outstanding, June 30, 2019 4,404,185 $ 7.62 4.3 Series C Convertible Preferred Stock On January 25, 2019, the Company entered into a Master Services Agreement and a Stock and Warrant Subscription Agreement with PoC, whereby PoC agreed to finance $1.675 million in clinical studies, including the development costs associated with Phase 1b/2 trial of onvansertib in combination with FOLFIRI and Avastin ® in patients with metastatic Colorectal Cancer (“mCRC”) harboring KRAS mutation in exchange for (i) 183,334 shares of common stock, (ii) warrants to purchase an aggregate of 150,000 shares of common stock, with an exercise price of $3.762 per share, expiring on January 25, 2024, and (iii) 200,000 shares of Series C Convertible Preferred Stock, each share of which was convertible into 1.67 shares of common stock. The Company evaluated the awards issued under this transaction and determined they should be classified as equity. These equity awards were fully vested and nonforfeitable. Since the equity awards were for clinical study services yet to be provided, the Company recognized $1.675 million service receivables as contra equity. The Company releases the service receivables as clinical study services are performed. The conversion feature of the Series C Convertible Preferred Stock at the time of issuance was determined to be beneficial on the commitment date. Because the Series C Convertible Preferred Stock was perpetual with no stated maturity date, and the conversions could occur any time from inception, the Company immediately recorded a non-cash deemed dividend of $0.3 million related to the beneficial conversion feature arising from the issuance of Series C Convertible Preferred Stock. This non-cash deemed dividend increased the Company’s net loss attributable to common stockholders and net loss per share. The holders of Series C Convertible Preferred Stock were granted the right to vote, on an as-converted to common stock basis (limited to 93.41% of the then as-if converted common stock) all matters submitted to a vote of holders of the Company’s common stockholders. In the event of liquidation, dissolution or winding-up, holders of Series C Convertible Preferred Stock were entitled to receive the same amount that a holder of the Company’s common stock would receive if the Series C Convertible Preferred Stock were fully converted into shares of the Company’s common stock at the conversion price which amounts shall be paid pari passu with all holders of common stock. In April of 2019, all 200,000 shares of Series C Convertible Preferred Stock were converted into 333,333 shares of the Company's common stock. As of June 30, 2019 , there were no shares of Series C Convertible Preferred Stock outstanding.

Commitments and Contingencies

Commitments and Contingencies	6 Months Ended
	Jun. 30, 2019
Commitments and Contingencies Disclosure [Abstract]
Commitments and Contingencies	Commitments and Contingencies Executive and Consulting Agreements The Company has longer-term contractual commitments with various consultants and employees. Certain employment agreements provide for severance payments. Research and Development and Clinical Trial Agreements In March 2017, the Company entered into a license agreement with Nerviano Medical Sciences S.r.l. (“Nerviano”) which granted the Company development and commercialization rights to NMS-1286937, which Trovagene refers to as onvansertib. Onvansertib is an oral, investigative drug and a highly-selective adenosine triphosphate competitive inhibitor of the serine/threonine PLK1. The Company plans to develop onvansertib in patients with leukemias/lymphomas and solid tumor cancers. Upon execution of the agreement, the Company paid $2.0 million in license fees which were expensed to research and development costs. Under the agreement, the Company is committed to purchase $1.0 million for services provided by Nerviano, such as service for manufacturing drug product, no later than June 30, 2019. As of June 30, 2019 , services in excess of $1.0 million have been ordered in full satisfaction of this obligation. Terms of the agreement also provide for the Company to pay royalties based on certain development and sales milestones. The Company is a party to various agreements under which it licenses technology on an exclusive basis in the field of human diagnostics and oncology therapeutics. License fees are generally calculated as a percentage of product revenues, with rates that vary by agreement. To date, payments have not been material. Litigation Trovagene does not believe that it has legal liabilities that are probable or reasonably possible that require either accrual or disclosure. From time to time, the Company may become involved in various lawsuits and legal proceedings that arise in the ordinary course of business. Litigation is subject to inherent uncertainties, and an adverse result in matters may arise from time to time that may harm the Company’s business. As of the date of this report, management believes that there are no claims against the Company, which it believes will result in a material adverse effect on the Company’s business or financial condition.

Related Party Transactions

Related Party Transactions	6 Months Ended
	Jun. 30, 2019
Related Party Transactions [Abstract]
Related Party Transactions	Related Party Transactions In November 2018, the Company entered into a Material Transfer Agreement (“MTA”) with Leucadia Life Sciences (“Leucadia”) pursuant to which Leucadia will develop a PCR-based assay for onvansertib for AML. In May 2019, the MTA was amended and increased to $1,070,000 to account for additional deliverables in development of the PCR-based assay. The Company’s CEO, Dr. Thomas Adams, is a principal stockholder of Leucadia. In addition, in connection with the MTA, the Company entered into a consulting agreement with Tommy Adams, VP of Operations of Leucadia, who is the son of Dr. Adams. During the six months ended June 30, 2019 , the Company incurred and recorded approximately $503,000 of research and development expenses for services performed by Leucadia and Tommy Adams.

Summary of Significant Accoun_2

Summary of Significant Accounting Policies (Policies)	6 Months Ended
	Jun. 30, 2019
Accounting Policies [Abstract]
Leases	Leases The Company determines if an arrangement is a lease at inception. Operating leases are included in operating lease right-of-use (“ROU”) assets, current operating lease liabilities and non-current operating lease liabilities in the Company’s balance sheets. ROU assets represent the Company’s right to use an underlying asset for the lease term and lease liabilities represent its obligation to make lease payments arising from the lease. Operating lease ROU assets and liabilities are recognized at commencement date based on the present value of lease payments over the lease term. As its leases do not provide an implicit rate, the Company uses its incremental borrowing rate based on the information available at commencement date in determining the present value of lease payments. The operating lease ROU asset also includes any lease payments made less lease incentives received. The Company’s lease terms may include options to extend or terminate the lease when it is reasonably certain that the Company will exercise that option. Lease expense is recognized on a straight-line basis over the lease term. Our facilities lease agreements contain lease and non-lease components, such as common area maintenance. We have elected to account for these lease and non-lease components of these agreements as a single lease component. Leases with an initial term of 12 months or less are not recorded on the Company's balance sheets. These short term leases are expensed on a straight line basis over the lease term.
Net Loss Per Share	Net Loss Per Share Basic and diluted net loss per share is presented in conformity with ASC Topic 260, Earnings per Share , for all periods presented. In accordance with this guidance, basic net loss per common share was determined by dividing net loss applicable to common stockholders by the weighted-average common shares outstanding during the period. Preferred dividends are included in income available to common stockholders in the computation of basic and diluted earnings per share. Diluted net loss per share is computed by dividing the net loss by the weighted average number of common shares and common share equivalents outstanding for the period. Common share equivalents are only included when their effect is dilutive.
Recently Adopted Accounting Pronouncement	Recently Adopted Accounting Pronouncement In February 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-02, Leases (Topic 842) (“ASU 2016-02”). ASU 2016-02 changes accounting for leases and requires lessees to recognize the assets and liabilities arising from most leases, including those classified as operating leases under previous accounting guidance, on the balance sheet and requires disclosure of key information about leasing arrangements to increase transparency and comparability among organizations. In July 2018, the FASB issued ASU 2018-10, Codification Improvements to Topic 842 , which provides narrow amendments to clarify how to apply certain aspects of the new lease standard. In July 2018, ASU 2018-11, Leases: Targeted Improvements , was issued to provide relief to companies from restating comparative periods. Pursuant to this ASU, in the period of adoption the Company will not restate comparative periods presented in its financial statements. The Company adopted ASU 2016-02 in the first quarter of 2019 utilizing the modified retrospective transition method through a cumulative-effect adjustment at the beginning of the first quarter of 2019 and did not restate comparative periods. The Company has elected the package of practical expedients, which allows the Company not to reassess (1) whether any expired or existing contracts as of the adoption date are or contain a lease, (2) lease classification for any expired or existing leases as of the adoption date and (3) initial direct costs for any existing leases as of the adoption date. The Company did not elect to apply the hindsight practical expedient when determining lease term and assessing impairment of right-of-use assets. The adoption of ASU 2016-02 on January 1, 2019 resulted in the recognition of right-of-use assets of approximately $1,970,000 and lease liabilities for operating leases of approximately $2,503,000 . There was no cumulative effect adjustment to accumulated deficit as a result of the adoption and there was not a material impact to the Company’s consolidated statement of operations. Refer to Note 5 to the condensed financial statements for further details. Recent Accounting Pronouncement Not Yet Adopted In August 2018, the FASB issued ASU No. 2018-13, Changes to the Disclosure Requirements for Fair Value Measurement . This ASU eliminates, adds and modifies certain disclosure requirements for fair value measurements as part of its disclosure framework project. The standard is effective for all entities for financial statements issued for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2019, and interim periods within those fiscal years. Early adoption is permitted. The adoption of this guidance is not expected to have a material impact on the Company’s financial statements.

Summary of Significant Accoun_3

Summary of Significant Accounting Policies (Tables)	6 Months Ended
	Jun. 30, 2019
Accounting Policies [Abstract]
Schedule of Computation of Basic and Diluted Earnings per Share	The following table sets forth the computation of basic and diluted earnings per share: Three Months Six Months 2019 2018 2019 2018 Numerator: Net loss attributable to common shareholders $ (4,131,363 ) $ (6,522,548 ) $ (8,310,463 ) $ (11,314,785 ) Net loss used for diluted loss per share $ (4,131,363 ) $ (6,522,548 ) $ (8,310,463 ) $ (11,314,785 ) Denominator for basic and diluted net loss per share: Weighted-average shares used to compute basic loss per share 5,241,924 1,237,244 4,667,434 1,004,391 Weighted-average shares used to compute diluted net loss per share 5,241,924 1,237,244 4,667,434 1,004,391 Net loss per share attributable to common stockholders: Basic $ (0.79 ) $ (5.27 ) $ (1.78 ) $ (11.27 ) Diluted $ (0.79 ) $ (5.27 ) $ (1.78 ) $ (11.27 )
Schedule of Antidilutive Securities Excluded from the Calculation of Diluted Net Loss per Share	The following table sets forth the outstanding potentially dilutive securities that have been excluded in the calculation of diluted net loss per share because their effect was anti-dilutive: June 30, 2019 2018 Options to purchase Common Stock 1,033,274 90,167 Warrants to purchase Common Stock 4,404,185 3,698,256 Restricted Stock Units 14,187 2,067 Series A Convertible Preferred Stock 877 877 Series B Convertible Preferred Stock — 941,667 5,452,523 4,733,034

Fair Value Measurements (Tables

Fair Value Measurements (Tables)	6 Months Ended
	Jun. 30, 2019
Fair Value Disclosures [Abstract]
Schedule of the Company’s Assets and Liabilities that are Measured and Recognized at Fair Value on a Recurring Basis Classified Under the Appropriate Level of the Fair Value Hierarchy	The following table presents the Company’s assets and liabilities that are measured and recognized at fair value on a recurring basis classified under the appropriate level of the fair value hierarchy as of June 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018 : Fair Value Measurements at Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Assets and Liabilities (Level 1) Significant Other Observable Inputs (Level 2) Significant Unobservable Inputs (Level 3) Total Assets: Money market fund (1) $ 10,742,715 $ — $ — $ 10,742,715 Total Assets $ 10,742,715 $ — $ — $ 10,742,715 Liabilities: Derivative financial instruments — warrants $ — $ — $ 18,287 $ 18,287 Total Liabilities $ — $ — $ 18,287 $ 18,287 Fair Value Measurements at Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Assets and Liabilities (Level 1) Significant Other Observable Inputs (Level 2) Significant Unobservable Inputs (Level 3) Total Assets: Money market fund (1) $ 11,392,093 $ — $ — $ 11,392,093 Total Assets $ 11,392,093 $ — $ — $ 11,392,093 Liabilities: Derivative financial instruments — warrants $ — $ — $ 32,315 $ 32,315 Total Liabilities $ — $ — $ 32,315 $ 32,315 (1) Included as a component of cash and cash equivalents on the accompanying condensed balance sheets.
Schedule of Changes in the Fair Value of the Company’s Level 3 Liabilities	The following table sets forth a summary of changes in the fair value of the Company’s Level 3 liabilities for the six months ended June 30, 2019 : Description Balance at Realized (gains) or losses Balance at Derivative financial instruments — warrants $ 32,315 $ (14,028 ) $ 18,287

Property and Equipment (Tables)

Property and Equipment (Tables)	6 Months Ended
	Jun. 30, 2019
Property, Plant and Equipment [Abstract]
Schedule of Components of Property and Equipment	Property and equipment consist of the following: As of June 30, As of December 31, Furniture and office equipment $ 775,030 $ 775,030 Leasehold improvements 102,230 1,962,230 Laboratory equipment 682,508 677,234 1,559,768 3,414,494 Less—accumulated depreciation and amortization (1,307,715 ) (2,110,061 ) Property and equipment, net $ 252,053 $ 1,304,433

Leases (Tables)

Leases (Tables)	6 Months Ended
	Jun. 30, 2019
Leases [Abstract]
Summary of Lease Expense and Supplemental Cash Flow Information	The components of lease expense were as follows: Three months ended June 30, 2019 Six Months Ended June 30, 2019 Operating lease cost $ 192,985 $ 387,447 Operating sublease income (99,938 ) (199,875 ) Net operating lease cost $ 93,047 $ 187,572 Supplemental cash flow and other information related to leases was as follows: Three months ended June 30, 2019 Six Months Ended June 30, 2019 Cash paid for amounts included in the measurement of lease liabilities: Operating cash flows from operating leases $ 229,574 $ 455,938 ROU assets obtained in exchange for lease obligations: Operating leases $ — $ 2,503,148
Supplemental Balance Sheet Information	Supplemental balance sheet information related to leases was as follows: June 30, 2019 Operating lease ROU assets $ 1,660,631 Current operating lease liabilities $ 816,102 Non-current operating lease liabilities 1,307,384 Total operating lease liabilities $ 2,123,486 Weighted-average remaining lease term–operating leases 2.5 years Weighted-average discount rate–operating leases 6.5 %
Summary of Future Minimum Lease Payments	Total remaining annual commitments under non-cancelable lease agreements for each of the years ended December 31 are as follows: Year Ending December 31, Operating Leases Sublease Income Net Operating Leases 2019 (excluding the six months ended June 30, 2019) $ 384,533 $ (181,779 ) $ 202,754 2020 941,670 (291,173 ) 650,497 2021 968,165 (291,173 ) 676,992 2022 5,868 — 5,868 2023 3,423 — 3,423 Total future minimum lease payments 2,303,659 $ (764,125 ) $ 1,539,534 Less imputed interest (180,173 ) Total $ 2,123,486 Total annual commitments under non-cancelable lease agreements as of December 31, 2018 under the previous lease accounting guidance are as follows: Operating Leases Sublease Income Net Operating Leases 2019 $ 914,540 $ (333,124 ) $ 581,416 2020 941,670 — 941,670 2021 968,165 — 968,165 2022 5,868 — 5,868 2023 3,423 — 3,423 Total $ 2,833,666 $ (333,124 ) $ 2,500,542

Derivative Financial Instrume_2

Derivative Financial Instruments - Warrants (Tables) - Black Scholes Option Pricing Method	6 Months Ended
	Jun. 30, 2019
Derivative financial instruments
Schedule of Assumptions Used to Determine the Fair Value of the Warrants	The range of assumptions used to determine the fair value of the warrants valued using the Black-Scholes option pricing model during the periods indicated were: Six Months Ended June 30, 2019 2018 Estimated fair value of Trovagene common stock 2.50-3.75 4.62-25.20 Expected warrant term 3.6-4.1 years 0.5-5.1 years Risk-free interest rate 1.72-2.49% 1.76-2.71% Expected volatility 102-106% 91-131% Dividend yield 0 % 0 %
Schedule of Components of Changes in the Company’s Derivative Financial Instruments Liability Balance	The following table sets forth the components of changes in the Company’s derivative financial instruments — warrants liability balance, valued using the Black-Scholes option pricing method, for the periods indicated. Date Description Number of Warrants Derivative Instrument Liability December 31, 2018 Balance of derivative financial instruments — warrants liability 64,496 $ 32,315 Change in fair value of derivative financial instruments — warrants during the period recognized as a gain in the condensed statements of operations — (14,028 ) June 30, 2019 Balance of derivative financial instruments — warrants liability 64,496 $ 18,287

Stockholders' Equity (Tables)

Stockholders' Equity (Tables)	6 Months Ended
	Jun. 30, 2019
Stockholders' Equity Note [Abstract]
Schedule of Stock-Based Compensation Expense	Stock-based compensation expense related to Trovagene equity awards have been recognized in operating results as follows: Three Months Ended June 30, Six Months Ended June 30, 2019 2018 2019 2018 Included in cost of revenue $ — $ (9,143 ) $ — $ 30,488 Included in research and development expense $ 86,058 $ 111,812 $ 196,139 $ 507,521 Included in selling, general and administrative expense 62,776 118,631 152,763 1,089,422 Total stock-based compensation expense $ 148,834 $ 221,300 $ 348,902 $ 1,627,431
Schedule of Assumptions to Estimate Fair Value of Stock Option Awards	The estimated fair value of stock option awards was determined on the date of grant using the Black-Scholes option valuation model with the following weighted-average assumptions during the following periods indicated: Six Months Ended June 30, 2019 2018 Risk-free interest rate 1.8 % 2.43 % Dividend yield 0 % 0 % Expected volatility 95 % 90 % Expected term 5.9 years 5.2 years
Summary of Stock Option Activity and of Changes in Stock Options Outstanding	A summary of stock option activity and changes in stock options outstanding is presented below: Total Options Weighted-Average Exercise Price Per Share Intrinsic Value Balance outstanding, December 31, 2018 83,345 $ 146.09 $ — Granted 961,313 $ 2.50 Canceled / Forfeited (11,384 ) $ 70.82 Balance outstanding, June 30, 2019 1,033,274 $ 13.34 $ 19,059 Exercisable at June 30, 2019 74,486 $ 149.43 $ —
Schedule of Share-based Compensation, Restricted Stock and Restricted Stock Units Activity	A summary of the RSU activity is presented below: Number of Shares Weighted-Average Grant Date Fair Value Per Share Intrinsic Value Non-vested RSUs outstanding, December 31, 2018 30,132 $ 14.36 $ 95,005 Granted 167 $ 4.04 Vested (10,795 ) $ 13.67 $ 41,233 Forfeited (5,317 ) $ 13.04 Non-vested RSUs outstanding, June 30, 2019 14,187 $ 15.25 $ 35,468
Summary of Warrant Activity and Changes in Warrants Outstanding	A summary of warrant activity and changes in warrants outstanding, including both liability and equity classifications is presented below: Total Warrants Weighted-Average Exercise Price Per Share Weighted-Average Remaining Contractual Term Balance outstanding, December 31, 2018 3,649,341 $ 8.91 4.4 Granted 1,408,510 $ 3.50 Exercised (653,666 ) $ 5.96 Balance outstanding, June 30, 2019 4,404,185 $ 7.62 4.3

Organization and Basis of Pre_2

Organization and Basis of Presentation (Details)	Feb. 19, 2019	Jun. 30, 2019USD ($)$ / sharesshares	Jun. 30, 2018USD ($)	Dec. 31, 2018$ / shares
Subsequent Event [Line Items]
Common stock, par value (in USD per share) | $ / shares		$ 0.0001		$ 0.0001
Proceeds from exercise of warrants | $		$ 3,283,830	$ 1,612,667
Warrant exercised (in shares) | shares		653,666
Proceeds from sale of common stock and warrants, net | $		$ 2,902,740	$ 11,779,525
Common Stock
Subsequent Event [Line Items]
Stock split, ratio	0.1667
Warrant exercised (in shares) | shares		497,313

Summary of Significant Accoun_4

Summary of Significant Accounting Policies - Net Loss Per Share (Details) - USD ($)	3 Months Ended		6 Months Ended
	Jun. 30, 2019	Jun. 30, 2018	Jun. 30, 2019	Jun. 30, 2018
Numerator:
Numerator: Net loss attributable to common shareholders	$ (4,131,363)	$ (6,522,548)	$ (8,310,463)	$ (11,314,785)
Net loss used for diluted loss per share	$ (4,131,363)	$ (6,522,548)	$ (8,310,463)	$ (11,314,785)
Denominator for basic and diluted net loss per share:
Weighted-average shares used to compute basic loss per share (in shares)	5,241,924	1,237,244	4,667,434	1,004,391
Weighted-average shares used to compute diluted net loss per share (in shares)	5,241,924	1,237,244	4,667,434	1,004,391
Net loss per share attributable to common stockholders:
Net loss per common share - basic (in USD per share)	$ (0.79)	$ (5.27)	$ (1.78)	$ (11.27)
Net loss per common share - diluted (in USD per share)	$ (0.79)	$ (5.27)	$ (1.78)	$ (11.27)

Summary of Significant Accoun_5

Summary of Significant Accounting Policies - Antidilutive Securities (Details) - shares	6 Months Ended
	Jun. 30, 2019	Jun. 30, 2018
Net Loss Per Share
Antidilutive securities excluded from the calculation of basic and diluted loss per share (in shares)	5,452,523	4,733,034
Stock Option
Net Loss Per Share
Antidilutive securities excluded from the calculation of basic and diluted loss per share (in shares)	1,033,274	90,167
Warrants
Net Loss Per Share
Antidilutive securities excluded from the calculation of basic and diluted loss per share (in shares)	4,404,185	3,698,256
Restricted Stock Units (RSUs)
Net Loss Per Share
Antidilutive securities excluded from the calculation of basic and diluted loss per share (in shares)	14,187	2,067
Series A Preferred Stock | Convertible Preferred Stock
Net Loss Per Share
Antidilutive securities excluded from the calculation of basic and diluted loss per share (in shares)	877	877
Series B Preferred Stock | Convertible Preferred Stock
Net Loss Per Share
Antidilutive securities excluded from the calculation of basic and diluted loss per share (in shares)	0	941,667

Summary of Significant Accoun_6

Summary of Significant Accounting Policies - Narrative (Details) - USD ($)	Jun. 30, 2019	Jan. 01, 2019	Dec. 31, 2018
Accounting Policies [Abstract]
Operating lease right-of-use assets	$ 1,660,631	$ 1,970,000	$ 0
Total	$ 2,123,486	$ 2,503,000

Fair Value Measurements - Fair

Fair Value Measurements - Fair Value of Assets and Liabilities (Details) - USD ($)	Jun. 30, 2019	Dec. 31, 2018
Liabilities:
Derivative financial instruments—warrants	$ 18,287	$ 32,315
Estimate of Fair Value Measurement | Recurring basis
Assets:
Money market fund	10,742,715	11,392,093
Total Assets	10,742,715	11,392,093
Liabilities:
Derivative financial instruments—warrants	18,287	32,315
Total Liabilities	18,287	32,315
Estimate of Fair Value Measurement | Recurring basis | Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Assets and Liabilities (Level 1)
Assets:
Money market fund	10,742,715	11,392,093
Total Assets	10,742,715	11,392,093
Liabilities:
Derivative financial instruments—warrants	0	0
Total Liabilities	0	0
Estimate of Fair Value Measurement | Recurring basis | Significant Other Observable Inputs (Level 2)
Assets:
Money market fund	0	0
Total Assets	0	0
Liabilities:
Derivative financial instruments—warrants	0	0
Total Liabilities	0	0
Estimate of Fair Value Measurement | Recurring basis | Significant Unobservable Inputs (Level 3)
Assets:
Money market fund	0	0
Total Assets	0	0
Liabilities:
Derivative financial instruments—warrants	18,287	32,315
Total Liabilities	$ 18,287	$ 32,315

Fair Value Measurements - Chang

Fair Value Measurements - Changes in Fair Value of Level 3 Liabilities (Details) - Warrants	6 Months Ended
	Jun. 30, 2019USD ($)
Reconciliation of the beginning and ending balances
Balance at December 31, 2018	$ 32,315
Realized (gains) or losses	(14,028)
Balance at June 30, 2019	$ 18,287

Property and Equipment (Details

Property and Equipment (Details) - USD ($)	Jun. 30, 2019	Dec. 31, 2018
Property, equipment and depreciation and amortization
Property and equipment, gross	$ 1,559,768	$ 3,414,494
Less—accumulated depreciation and amortization	(1,307,715)	(2,110,061)
Property and equipment, net	252,053	1,304,433
Furniture and office equipment
Property, equipment and depreciation and amortization
Property and equipment, gross	775,030	775,030
Leasehold improvements
Property, equipment and depreciation and amortization
Property and equipment, gross	102,230	1,962,230
Laboratory equipment
Property, equipment and depreciation and amortization
Property and equipment, gross	$ 682,508	$ 677,234

Leases - Narrative (Details)

Leases - Narrative (Details)	6 Months Ended
	Jun. 30, 2019USD ($)renewal_optionlease	Jan. 01, 2019USD ($)	Dec. 31, 2018USD ($)
Lessee, Lease, Description [Line Items]
Monthly rent payments	$ 76,000
Annual rent increase, percentage	3.00%
Number of lease renewals | renewal_option	1
Renewal term	5 years
Number of subleases | lease	3
Decrease in operating lease right-of-use assets	$ (1,660,631)	$ (1,970,000)	$ 0
Accounting Standards Update 2016-02
Lessee, Lease, Description [Line Items]
Decrease in operating lease right-of-use assets		$ (487,000)

Leases - Components of Lease Ex

Leases - Components of Lease Expense (Details) - USD ($)	3 Months Ended	6 Months Ended
	Jun. 30, 2019	Jun. 30, 2019
Leases [Abstract]
Operating lease cost	$ 192,985	$ 387,447
Operating sublease income	(99,938)	(199,875)
Net operating lease cost	$ 93,047	$ 187,572

Leases - Supplemental Balance S

Leases - Supplemental Balance Sheet Information (Details) - USD ($)	Jun. 30, 2019	Jan. 01, 2019	Dec. 31, 2018
Leases [Abstract]
Operating lease ROU assets	$ 1,660,631	$ 1,970,000	$ 0
Current operating lease liabilities	816,102		0
Non-current operating lease liabilities	1,307,384		$ 0
Total operating lease liabilities	$ 2,123,486	$ 2,503,000
Weighted-average remaining lease term–operating leases	2 years 6 months 4 days
Weighted-average discount rate–operating leases	6.50%

Leases - Supplemental Cash Flow

Leases - Supplemental Cash Flow Information (Details) - USD ($)	3 Months Ended	6 Months Ended
	Jun. 30, 2019	Jun. 30, 2019
Leases [Abstract]
Operating cash flows from operating leases	$ 229,574	$ 455,938
Operating leases	$ 0	$ 2,503,148

Leases - Future Minimum Lease P

Leases - Future Minimum Lease Payments (Details) - USD ($)	Jun. 30, 2019	Jan. 01, 2019	Dec. 31, 2018
Operating Leases
2019 (excluding the six months ended June 30, 2019)	$ 384,533
2020	941,670
2021	968,165
2022	5,868
2023	3,423
Total future minimum lease payments	2,303,659
Less imputed interest	(180,173)
Total	2,123,486	$ 2,503,000
Sublease Income
2019 (excluding the six months ended June 30, 2019)	(181,779)
2020	(291,173)
2021	(291,173)
2022	0
2023	0
Total future minimum lease payments	(764,125)
Net Operating Leases
2019 (excluding the six months ended June 30, 2019)	202,754
2020	650,497
2021	676,992
2022	5,868
2023	3,423
Total future minimum lease payments	$ 1,539,534
Operating Leases
2019			$ 914,540
2020			941,670
2021			968,165
2022			5,868
2023			3,423
Total			2,833,666
Sublease Income
2019			(333,124)
2020			0
2021			0
2022			0
2023			0
Total			(333,124)
Net Operating Leases
2019			581,416
2020			941,670
2021			968,165
2022			5,868
2023			3,423
Total			$ 2,500,542

Derivative Financial Instrume_3

Derivative Financial Instruments - Warrants (Details)	3 Months Ended		6 Months Ended
	Jun. 30, 2019USD ($)shares	Jun. 30, 2018USD ($)	Jun. 30, 2019USD ($)$ / sharesshares	Jun. 30, 2018USD ($)$ / shares
Changes in the Company's derivative financial instruments liability balance
Balance of warrants outstanding at the beginning of the period (in shares) | shares			3,649,341
Balance of warrants outstanding at the end of the period (in shares) | shares	4,404,185		4,404,185
Balance of derivative financial instruments liability at the beginning of the period			$ 32,315
Change in fair value of warrants during the period recognized as a gain in the condensed consolidated statement of operations	$ (23,789)	$ (711,229)	(14,028)	$ (581,540)
Balance of derivative financial instruments liability at the end of the period	$ 18,287		$ 18,287
Warrants | Black Scholes Option Pricing Method
Changes in the Company's derivative financial instruments liability balance
Balance of warrants outstanding at the beginning of the period (in shares) | shares			64,496
Balance of warrants outstanding at the end of the period (in shares) | shares	64,496		64,496
Balance of derivative financial instruments liability at the beginning of the period			$ 32,315
Change in fair value of warrants during the period recognized as a gain in the condensed consolidated statement of operations			(14,028)
Balance of derivative financial instruments liability at the end of the period	$ 18,287		$ 18,287
Warrants | Black Scholes Option Pricing Method | Minimum
Range of assumptions used to determine the fair value of warrants
Estimated fair value of Trovagene common stock (in dollars per share) | $ / shares			$ 2.50	$ 4.62
Warrants | Black Scholes Option Pricing Method | Maximum
Range of assumptions used to determine the fair value of warrants
Estimated fair value of Trovagene common stock (in dollars per share) | $ / shares			$ 3.75	$ 25.20
Expected warrant term | Warrants | Black Scholes Option Pricing Method | Minimum
Range of assumptions used to determine the fair value of warrants
Expected warrant term	3 years 7 months 6 days	6 months	3 years 7 months 6 days	6 months
Expected warrant term | Warrants | Black Scholes Option Pricing Method | Maximum
Range of assumptions used to determine the fair value of warrants
Expected warrant term	4 years 1 month	5 years 1 month	4 years 1 month	5 years 1 month
Risk-free interest rate | Warrants | Black Scholes Option Pricing Method | Minimum
Range of assumptions used to determine the fair value of warrants
Measurement input	0.0172	0.0176	0.0172	0.0176
Risk-free interest rate | Warrants | Black Scholes Option Pricing Method | Maximum
Range of assumptions used to determine the fair value of warrants
Measurement input	0.0249	0.0271	0.0249	0.0271
Expected volatility | Warrants | Black Scholes Option Pricing Method | Minimum
Range of assumptions used to determine the fair value of warrants
Measurement input	1.02	0.91	1.02	0.91
Expected volatility | Warrants | Black Scholes Option Pricing Method | Maximum
Range of assumptions used to determine the fair value of warrants
Measurement input	1.06	1.31	1.06	1.31
Dividend yield | Warrants | Black Scholes Option Pricing Method
Range of assumptions used to determine the fair value of warrants
Measurement input	0	0	0	0

Stockholders' Equity - Common S

Stockholders' Equity - Common Stock (Details) - USD ($) $ / shares in Units, $ in Thousands	Jan. 25, 2019	Apr. 30, 2019	Jan. 31, 2019	May 31, 2019	Jun. 30, 2019	Mar. 31, 2019	Jun. 30, 2018	Mar. 31, 2018	Jun. 30, 2019
Class of Stock [Line Items]
Warrants granted (in shares)									1,408,510
Shares issued upon conversion (in shares)		333,333							333,333
Restricted Stock Units (RSUs)
Class of Stock [Line Items]
Restricted stock units issued during period (in shares)									10,795
Common Stock
Class of Stock [Line Items]
Shares of common stock issued (in shares)									1,609,511
Issuance of common stock upon exercise of warrants (in shares)					156,353	497,313	7,570	71,347	497,313
Exercise price of warrants (in USD per share)					$ 6.60				$ 6.60
Issuance of common stock for share rounding as a result of reverse stock split (in shares)						6,466	1,134		6,466
Underwriting Public Offering
Class of Stock [Line Items]
Warrants granted (in shares)			150,000
Underwriting Public Offering | Common Stock
Class of Stock [Line Items]
Shares of common stock issued (in shares)			183,334
Underwriting Public Offering | Series C Convertible Preferred Stock
Class of Stock [Line Items]
Shares of common stock issued (in shares)			200,000
Private Placement
Class of Stock [Line Items]
Warrants granted (in shares)	150,000
Amount financed under agreement	$ 1,675		$ 1,675
Exercise price of warrants (in USD per share)	$ 3.762
Private Placement | Common Stock
Class of Stock [Line Items]
Shares of common stock issued (in shares)	183,334
Private Placement | Series C Convertible Preferred Stock
Class of Stock [Line Items]
Shares of common stock issued (in shares)	200,000
Registered Direct Offering And Private Placement
Class of Stock [Line Items]
Proceeds from sale of stock				$ 3,000
Sale of stock, number of warrants issued (in shares)				840,181
Sale of stock, number of pre-funded warrants issued (in shares)				418,264
Registered Direct Offering And Private Placement | Common Stock
Class of Stock [Line Items]
Sale of stock, number of shares issued (in shares)				421,917

Stockholders' Equity - Stock-ba

Stockholders' Equity - Stock-based Compensation Expense (Details) - USD ($)	3 Months Ended		6 Months Ended
	Jun. 30, 2019	Jun. 30, 2018	Jun. 30, 2019	Jun. 30, 2018
Stock-based compensation expense
Total stock based compensation expense	$ 148,834	$ 221,300	$ 348,902	$ 1,627,431
Options vested, fair value			279,760	1,246,260
Cost of Revenue
Stock-based compensation expense
Total stock based compensation expense	0	(9,143)	0	30,488
Research and Development Expense
Stock-based compensation expense
Total stock based compensation expense	86,058	111,812	196,139	507,521
Selling, general and administrative expense
Stock-based compensation expense
Total stock based compensation expense	62,776	118,631	152,763	1,089,422
Stock Option
Stock-based compensation expense
Unrecognized compensation cost	$ 1,735,973	$ 650,165	$ 1,735,973	$ 650,165
Weighted-average remaining vesting period for recognition			2 years 6 months	1 year 5 months 12 days
Options outstanding, weighted average contractual life			9 years 8 months 27 days

Stockholders' Equity - Stock Op

Stockholders' Equity - Stock Option Activity (Details) - USD ($)	6 Months Ended
	Jun. 30, 2019	Jun. 30, 2018	Jun. 06, 2019	Jun. 05, 2019	Dec. 31, 2018
Stock Option
Weighted-average assumptions
Risk-free interest rate	1.80%	2.43%
Dividend yield (as a percent)	0.00%	0.00%
Expected volatility (as a percent)	95.00%	90.00%
Expected term	5 years 10 months 24 days	5 years 2 months 23 days
Number of Options
Balance outstanding at the beginning of the period (in shares)	83,345
Granted (in shares)	961,313
Cancelled / Forfeited (in shares)	(11,384)
Balance outstanding at the end of the period (in shares)	1,033,274
Exercisable at the end of the period (in shares)	74,486
Weighted Average Exercise Price Per Share
Balance outstanding at the beginning of the period (in USD per share)	$ 146.09
Granted (in USD per share)	2.50
Canceled / Forfeited (in USD per share)	70.82
Balance outstanding at the end of the period (in USD per share)	13.34
Exercisable at the end of the period (in USD per share)	$ 149.43
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award, Options, Additional Disclosures
Options outstanding, intrinsic value	$ 19,059				$ 0
Vested and exercisable at the end of the period, intrinsic value	$ 0
2014 EIP
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award, Options, Additional Disclosures
Authorized shares under the plan (in shares)			1,243,056	243,056
Number of remaining shares available for issuance (in shares)	161,500

Stockholders' Equity - Restrict

Stockholders' Equity - Restricted Stock Units (Details) - Restricted Stock Units (RSUs) - USD ($)	6 Months Ended
	Jun. 30, 2019	Jun. 30, 2018	Dec. 31, 2018
Number of Shares
Non-vested at beginning of period (in shares)	30,132
Granted (in shares)	167	0
Vested (in shares)	(10,795)
Forfeited (in shares)	(5,317)
Non-vested at end of period (in shares)	14,187
Weighted-Average Grant Date Fair Value Per Share
Nonvested, weighted average grant date fair value at end of period (in USD per share)	$ 14.36
Granted, weighted average grant date fair value (in USD per share)	4.04
Vested, weighted average grant date fair value (in USD per share)	13.67
Forfeited (in USD per share)	13.04
Nonvested, weighted average grant date fair value at end of period (in USD per share)	$ 15.25
Equity instruments other than options, aggregate intrinsic value, nonvested	$ 35,468		$ 95,005
Equity instruments other than options, aggregate intrinsic value, vested	41,233
Share-based compensation cost not yet recognized	$ 122,189
Weighted-average remaining vesting period for recognition	1 year 4 months 2 days
Equity instruments other than options, vested in period, fair value	$ 147,516	$ 1,071,069

Stockholders' Equity - Warrants

Stockholders' Equity - Warrants (Details) - $ / shares	6 Months Ended	12 Months Ended
	Jun. 30, 2019	Dec. 31, 2018
Number of Warrants
Balance of warrants outstanding at the beginning of the period (in shares)	3,649,341
Granted (in shares)	1,408,510
Exercised (in shares)	(653,666)
Balance of warrants outstanding at the end of the period (in shares)	4,404,185	3,649,341
Weighted Average Exercise Price Per Share
Weighted average exercise price of warrants at the beginning of the period (in USD per share)	$ 8.91
Granted (in USD per share)	3.50
Exercised (in USD per share)	5.96
Weighted average exercise price of warrants at the end of the period (in USD per share)	$ 7.62	$ 8.91
Term
Weighted-Average Remaining Contractual Term	4 years 3 months 7 days	4 years 4 months 21 days

Stockholders' Equity - Series C

Stockholders' Equity - Series C Convertible Preferred Stock (Details) - USD ($)	Jan. 25, 2019	Apr. 30, 2019	Jan. 31, 2019	Jun. 30, 2019	Jun. 30, 2018	Jun. 30, 2019	Jun. 30, 2018	Dec. 31, 2018
Class of Stock [Line Items]
Warrants granted (in shares)						1,408,510
Service receivable	$ 1,675,000			$ 1,364,234		$ 1,364,234		$ 0
Shares issued upon conversion (in shares)		333,333				333,333
Series C Convertible Preferred Stock
Class of Stock [Line Items]
Deemed dividend recognized for beneficial conversion features of Series C Convertible Preferred Stock issuance				$ 0	$ 0	$ 268,269	$ 0
Preferred stock, shares outstanding (in shares)				0		0		0
Private Placement
Class of Stock [Line Items]
Proceeds from sales of common stock and warrants, net of expenses of $1,336,123 and $575,516, respectively	$ 1,675,000		$ 1,675,000
Warrants granted (in shares)	150,000
Exercise price of warrants (in USD per share)	$ 3.762
Common Stock
Class of Stock [Line Items]
Shares of common stock issued (in shares)						1,609,511
Exercise price of warrants (in USD per share)				$ 6.60		$ 6.60
Common Stock | Private Placement
Class of Stock [Line Items]
Shares of common stock issued (in shares)	183,334
Shares issued upon conversion (in shares)	1.67
Series C Convertible Preferred Stock
Class of Stock [Line Items]
Shares converted (in shares)		200,000
Series C Convertible Preferred Stock | Private Placement
Class of Stock [Line Items]
Shares of common stock issued (in shares)	200,000

Commitments and Contingencies (

Commitments and Contingencies (Details) - Nerviano - USD ($) $ in Millions	1 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2017	Jun. 30, 2019	Mar. 13, 2017
Other Commitments [Line Items]
Other commitment			$ 1
Research and Development Arrangement
Other Commitments [Line Items]
Other commitment		$ 1
Licensing Agreements
Other Commitments [Line Items]
Research and development expense	$ 2

Related Party Transactions (Det

Related Party Transactions (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	1 Months Ended	6 Months Ended
	May 31, 2019	Jun. 30, 2019
Related Party Transaction [Line Items]
Related party committed expenditures	$ 1,070
Affiliated Entity
Related Party Transaction [Line Items]
Research and development expense		$ 503