Dyadic International (DYAI) 10-Q 12 Nov 24 2024 Q3 Quarterly report Financial data

Document And Entity Information

Document And Entity Information - shares	9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2024	Nov. 11, 2024
Document Information [Line Items]
Entity Central Index Key	0001213809
Entity Registrant Name	DYADIC INTERNATIONAL INC
Amendment Flag	false
Current Fiscal Year End Date	--12-31
Document Fiscal Period Focus	Q3
Document Fiscal Year Focus	2024
Document Type	10-Q
Document Quarterly Report	true
Document Period End Date	Sep. 30, 2024
Document Transition Report	false
Entity File Number	000-55264
Entity Incorporation, State or Country Code	DE
Entity Tax Identification Number	45-0486747
Entity Address, Address Line One	1044 North U.S. Highway One, Suite 201
Entity Address, City or Town	Jupiter
Entity Address, State or Province	FL
Entity Address, Postal Zip Code	33477
City Area Code	561
Local Phone Number	743-8333
Title of 12(b) Security	Common Stock, par value $0.001 per share
Trading Symbol	DYAI
Security Exchange Name	NASDAQ
Entity Current Reporting Status	Yes
Entity Interactive Data Current	Yes
Entity Filer Category	Non-accelerated Filer
Entity Small Business	true
Entity Emerging Growth Company	false
Entity Shell Company	false
Entity Common Stock, Shares Outstanding		29,589,371

Consolidated Balance Sheets (Cu

Consolidated Balance Sheets (Current Period Unaudited) - USD ($)	Sep. 30, 2024	Dec. 31, 2023
Current assets:
Cash and cash equivalents	$ 5,921,614	$ 6,515,028
Short-term investment securities	4,000,832	748,290
Interest receivable	40,835	10,083
Accounts receivable	352,934	466,159
Prepaid expenses and other current assets	374,209	327,775
Total current assets	10,690,424	8,067,335
Non-current assets:
Operating lease right-of-use asset, net	104,914	141,439
Other assets	10,328	10,462
Total assets	10,805,666	8,219,236
Current liabilities:
Accounts payable	561,797	656,445
Accrued expenses	839,420	1,057,164
Deferred research and development obligations	514,483	490,113
Operating lease liability, current portion	53,476	48,059
Total current liabilities	2,077,176	2,251,781
Non-current liabilities:
Operating lease liability, net of current portion	48,091	88,870
Total liabilities	7,393,554	2,340,651
Commitments and contingencies (Note 5)
Stockholders’ equity:
Preferred stock, $.0001 par value: Authorized shares - 5,000,000; none issued and outstanding	0	0
Authorized shares - 100,000,000; issued shares - 41,842,873 and 41,064,563, outstanding shares - 29,589,371 and 28,811,061 as of September 30, 2024, and December 31, 2023, respectively	41,843	41,065
Additional paid-in capital	106,835,784	105,044,756
Treasury stock, shares held at cost - 12,253,502	(18,929,915)	(18,929,915)
Accumulated deficit	(84,535,600)	(80,277,321)
Total stockholders’ equity	3,412,112	5,878,585
Total liabilities and stockholders’ equity	10,805,666	8,219,236
Nonrelated Party [Member]
Current liabilities:
Accrued interest	80,000	0
Non-current liabilities:
Convertible notes, net of issuance costs	3,902,435	0
Related Party [Member]
Current liabilities:
Accrued interest	28,000	0
Non-current liabilities:
Convertible notes, net of issuance costs	$ 1,365,852	$ 0

Consolidated Balance Sheets (_2

Consolidated Balance Sheets (Current Period Unaudited) (Parentheticals) - $ / shares	Sep. 30, 2024	Dec. 31, 2023
Preferred stock, par value (in dollars per share)	$ 0.0001	$ 0.0001
Preferred stock, shares authorized (in shares)	5,000,000	5,000,000
Preferred stock, shares issued (in shares)	0	0
Preferred stock, shares outstanding (in shares)	0	0
Common stock, par value (in dollars per share)	$ 0.001	$ 0.001
Common stock, authorized (in shares)	100,000,000	100,000,000
Common stock, issued (in shares)	41,842,873	41,064,563
Common stock, outstanding (in shares)	29,589,371	28,811,061
Treasury stock (in shares)	12,253,502	12,253,502

Consolidated Statements of Oper

Consolidated Statements of Operations (Unaudited) - USD ($)	3 Months Ended		9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2024	Sep. 30, 2023	Sep. 30, 2024	Sep. 30, 2023
Revenues:
Research and development revenue	$ 1,957,500	$ 397,060	$ 2,678,013	$ 2,212,271
Costs and expenses:
Costs of research and development revenue	395,894	105,869	841,805	1,625,731
Research and development	460,241	716,351	1,498,593	2,444,469
General and administrative	1,297,984	1,282,361	4,694,334	4,164,970
Foreign currency exchange loss	5,995	12,600	14,044	38,143
Total costs and expenses	2,160,114	2,117,181	7,048,776	8,273,313
Loss from operations	(202,614)	(1,720,121)	(4,370,763)	(6,061,042)
Other income (expense):
Interest income	127,331	105,862	353,245	319,787
Gain on sale of Alphazyme	0	0	60,977	1,017,592
Total other income (expense), net	(846)	105,862	112,484	1,337,379
Net loss	$ (203,460)	$ (1,614,259)	$ (4,258,279)	$ (4,723,663)
Basic and diluted net loss per common share (in dollars per share)	$ (0.01)	$ (0.06)	$ (0.15)	$ (0.16)
Basic and diluted weighted-average common shares outstanding (in shares)	29,503,143	28,811,061	29,225,861	28,794,712
Nonrelated Party [Member]
Other income (expense):
Interest expense	$ (88,833)	$ 0	$ (199,106)	$ 0
Related Party [Member]
Other income (expense):
Interest expense	(39,344)	0	(102,632)	0
Research and Development [Member]
Revenues:
Research and development revenue	532,500	352,942	1,253,013	2,079,918
License [Member]
Revenues:
Research and development revenue	$ 1,425,000	$ 44,118	$ 1,425,000	$ 132,353

Consolidated Statements of Stoc

Consolidated Statements of Stockholders' Equity (Unaudited) - USD ($)	Common Stock [Member]	Treasury Stock, Common [Member]	Additional Paid-in Capital [Member]	Retained Earnings [Member]	Total
Balance (in shares) at Dec. 31, 2022	40,816,602	(12,253,502)
Balance at Dec. 31, 2022	$ 40,817	$ (18,929,915)	$ 103,458,697	$ (73,481,860)	$ 11,087,739
Stock-based compensation expense	$ 0	$ 0	330,639	0	330,639
Issuance of common stock upon vesting of restricted stock units (in shares)	247,961	0
Issuance of common stock upon vesting of restricted stock units	$ 248	$ 0	341,938	0	342,186
Net loss	$ 0	$ 0	0	(956,444)	(956,444)
Balance (in shares) at Mar. 31, 2023	41,064,563	(12,253,502)
Balance at Mar. 31, 2023	$ 41,065	$ (18,929,915)	104,131,274	(74,438,304)	10,804,120
Balance (in shares) at Dec. 31, 2022	40,816,602	(12,253,502)
Balance at Dec. 31, 2022	$ 40,817	$ (18,929,915)	103,458,697	(73,481,860)	11,087,739
Issuance of common stock upon vesting of restricted stock units (in shares)	247,961
Net loss					(4,723,663)
Balance (in shares) at Sep. 30, 2023	41,064,563	(12,253,502)
Balance at Sep. 30, 2023	$ 41,065	$ (18,929,915)	104,746,897	(78,205,523)	7,652,524
Balance (in shares) at Mar. 31, 2023	41,064,563	(12,253,502)
Balance at Mar. 31, 2023	$ 41,065	$ (18,929,915)	104,131,274	(74,438,304)	10,804,120
Stock-based compensation expense	0	0	334,316	0	334,316
Net loss	$ 0	$ 0	0	(2,152,960)	(2,152,960)
Balance (in shares) at Jun. 30, 2023	41,064,563	(12,253,502)
Balance at Jun. 30, 2023	$ 41,065	$ (18,929,915)	104,465,590	(76,591,264)	8,985,476
Net loss	0	0	0	(1,614,259)	(1,614,259)
Issuance of common stock upon settlement of convertible debt	$ 0	$ 0	281,307	0	281,307
Balance (in shares) at Sep. 30, 2023	41,064,563	(12,253,502)
Balance at Sep. 30, 2023	$ 41,065	$ (18,929,915)	104,746,897	(78,205,523)	7,652,524
Balance (in shares) at Dec. 31, 2023	41,064,563	(12,253,502)
Balance at Dec. 31, 2023	$ 41,065	$ (18,929,915)	105,044,756	(80,277,321)	5,878,585
Stock-based compensation expense	$ 0	0	306,478	0	306,478
Issuance of common stock upon vesting of restricted stock units (in shares)	375,753
Issuance of common stock upon vesting of restricted stock units	$ 376	0	339,959	0	340,335
Net loss	$ 0	$ 0	0	(2,009,596)	(2,009,596)
Balance (in shares) at Mar. 31, 2024	41,440,316	(12,253,502)
Balance at Mar. 31, 2024	$ 41,441	$ (18,929,915)	105,691,193	(82,286,917)	4,515,802
Balance (in shares) at Dec. 31, 2023	41,064,563	(12,253,502)
Balance at Dec. 31, 2023	$ 41,065	$ (18,929,915)	105,044,756	(80,277,321)	5,878,585
Issuance of common stock upon vesting of restricted stock units (in shares)	437,546
Net loss					$ (4,258,279)
Issuance of common stock upon exercise of stock options (in shares)	5,569				30,000
Issuance of common stock upon settlement of convertible debt (in shares)					335,195
Balance (in shares) at Sep. 30, 2024	41,842,873	(12,253,502)
Balance at Sep. 30, 2024	$ 41,843	$ (18,929,915)	106,835,784	(84,535,600)	$ 3,412,112
Balance (in shares) at Mar. 31, 2024	41,440,316	(12,253,502)
Balance at Mar. 31, 2024	$ 41,441	$ (18,929,915)	105,691,193	(82,286,917)	4,515,802
Stock-based compensation expense	$ 0	0	297,603	0	297,603
Issuance of common stock upon vesting of restricted stock units (in shares)	61,793
Issuance of common stock upon vesting of restricted stock units	$ 62	0	(62)	0	0
Net loss	$ 0	0	0	(2,045,223)	(2,045,223)
Issuance of common stock upon exercise of stock options (in shares)	5,569
Issuance of common stock upon exercise of stock options	$ 6	$ 0	(6)	0	0
Issuance of common stock upon settlement of convertible debt (in shares)	223,463	0
Issuance of common stock upon settlement of convertible debt	$ 223	$ 0	399,777	0	400,000
Balance (in shares) at Jun. 30, 2024	41,731,141	(12,253,502)
Balance at Jun. 30, 2024	$ 41,732	$ (18,929,915)	106,388,505	(84,332,140)	3,168,182
Stock-based compensation expense	0	0	247,390	0	247,390
Net loss	$ 0	$ 0	0	(203,460)	(203,460)
Issuance of common stock upon settlement of convertible debt (in shares)	111,732	0
Issuance of common stock upon settlement of convertible debt	$ 111	$ 0	199,889	0	200,000
Balance (in shares) at Sep. 30, 2024	41,842,873	(12,253,502)
Balance at Sep. 30, 2024	$ 41,843	$ (18,929,915)	$ 106,835,784	$ (84,535,600)	$ 3,412,112

Consolidated Statements of Cash

Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows (Unaudited) - USD ($)	9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2024	Sep. 30, 2023
Cash flows from operating activities
Net loss	$ (4,258,279)	$ (4,723,663)
Adjustments to reconcile net loss to net cash used in operating activities:
Stock-based compensation expense	851,471	946,262
Amortization of held-to-maturity securities, net	(52,037)	(47,516)
Amortization of debt issuance costs	43,961	0
Gain from the sale of investment in Alphazyme	(60,977)	(1,017,592)
Foreign currency exchange loss, net	14,044	38,143
Changes in operating assets and liabilities:
Interest receivable	(30,752)	48,463
Accounts receivable	114,814	(107,666)
Prepaid expenses and other current assets	(46,386)	(91,537)
Operating lease assets and liabilities	1,163	(4,946)
Accounts payable	(109,426)	(691,471)
Accrued expenses	121,623	7,347
Deferred research and development obligation	24,370	(132,353)
Deferred license revenue	0	(26,846)
Net cash used in operating activities	(3,278,411)	(5,803,375)
Cash flows from investing activities
Purchases of held-to-maturity investment securities	(5,971,505)	(2,251,018)
Proceeds from maturities of investment securities	2,771,000	8,373,000
Proceeds from the sale of investment in Alphazyme	60,977	1,293,760
Net cash (used in) provided by investing activities	(3,139,528)	7,415,742
Cash flows from financing activities
Net cash provided by financing activities	5,824,326	0
Effect of exchange rate changes on cash	199	(3,463)
Net (decrease) increase in cash and cash equivalents	(593,414)	1,608,904
Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of period	6,515,028	5,794,272
Cash and cash equivalents at end of period	5,921,614	7,403,176
Supplemental cash flow information
Vesting of restricted stock units	664,086	342,186
Conversion of convertible notes	600,000	0
Cash paid for interest	149,778	0
Right-of-use asset obtained in exchange for lease obligations	0	156,983
Nonrelated Party [Member]
Changes in operating assets and liabilities:
Accrued interest	80,000	0
Cash flows from financing activities
Proceeds from issuance of convertible notes, net of issuance costs	3,882,884	0
Related Party [Member]
Changes in operating assets and liabilities:
Accrued interest	28,000	0
Cash flows from financing activities
Proceeds from issuance of convertible notes, net of issuance costs	$ 1,941,442	$ 0

Note 1 - Organization and Summa

Note 1 - Organization and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies	9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2024
Notes to Financial Statements
Basis of Presentation and Significant Accounting Policies [Text Block]	Note 1: Organization and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies Description of Business Dyadic International, Inc. (“Dyadic”, “we”, “us”, “our”, or the “Company”) is a global biotechnology company based in Jupiter, Florida with operations in the United States and a satellite office in the Netherlands, and it utilizes several third two third Thermothelomyces heterothallica Myceliophthora thermophila C1. Subsequent to the Company selling its industrial technology business to Danisco USA (“Danisco”), the industrial biosciences business of DuPont (NYSE: DD) (the “DuPont Transaction”) on December 31, 2015, C1 C1 C1 The Company also developed the Dapibus™ thermophilic filamentous fungal based microbial protein production platform to enable the rapid development and large-scale manufacture of low-cost proteins, metabolites, and other biologic products for use in non-pharmaceutical applications, such as food, nutrition, and wellness. Liquidity and Capital Resources The Company expects to incur losses and have negative net cash flows from operating activities as it continues developing its microbial protein production platforms and related products, and as it expands its pipelines and engages in further research and development activities for internal products as well as for its third On March 8, 2024, March 8, 2027 ( 5% The Convertible Notes are senior, secured obligations of Dyadic and its affiliates, and interest is payable quarterly in cash on the principal amount equal to 8% per annum. The Convertible Notes will mature on March 8, 2027 ( The Convertible Notes can be converted into shares of Dyadic’s Class A common stock (the “Common Stock”), at the option of the holders of the Convertible Notes (the “Noteholders”) at any time prior to the Maturity Date. This private placement funding is expected to support our near-term revenue growth and accelerate our strategic objective of commercialization opportunities for pharmaceutical and non -pharmaceutical applications. On October 4, 2024, 26, 29 32 As of September 30, 2024 to 335,195 shares of Common Stock. F 4 The Company expects its existing cash and cash equivalents, and cash raised from the Convertible Notes, investments in debt securities, and operating cash flows will be sufficient to meet its operational, business, and other liquidity requirements for at least the next twelve 12 may may not not may no Summary of Significant Accounting Policies Basis of Presentation The accompanying unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements, including the accounts of the Company and its wholly owned subsidiaries, have been prepared in accordance with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles (“GAAP”) as found in the Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”), Accounting Standards Update (“ASU”) of the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) and applicable rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”) regarding interim financial reporting. Certain information and footnote disclosures normally included in consolidated financial statements have been condensed or omitted pursuant to such rules and regulations. All significant intra-entity transactions and balances have been eliminated in consolidation. The information included in this Quarterly Report should be read in conjunction with the audited consolidated financial statements and footnotes as of and for the year ended December 31, 2023, In the opinion of management, the accompanying unaudited interim consolidated financial statements reflect all adjustments, which are of a normal recurring nature, considered necessary for a fair presentation of all periods presented. The results of the Company’s operations for any interim periods are not The Company conducts business in one Use of Estimates The preparation of these consolidated financial statements in accordance with GAAP requires management to make estimates and judgments that affect the reported amount of assets and liabilities and related disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of our consolidated financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the applicable period. Estimates inherent in the preparation of these consolidated financial statements include, but are not may Concentrations and Credit Risk The Company’s financial instruments that are potentially subject to concentrations of credit risk consist primarily of cash and cash equivalents, investment securities, and accounts receivable. At times, the Company has cash, cash equivalents, and investment securities at financial institutions exceeding the Federal Depository Insurance Company (“FDIC”) and the Securities Investor Protection Corporation (“SIPC”) insured limit on domestic currency and the Netherlands’ FDIC counterpart for foreign currency. The Company currently deals with four not For the three September 30, 2024 2023 , the Company’s revenue was generated from t and seven customers, respectively. For the nine September 30, 2024 2023 , the Company’s revenue was generated from sixteen and thirteen customers, respectively. Significant customers are those that account for greater than 10% three September 30, 2024 2023 , two and four or and $ or % of revenue, respectively. For the nine September 30, 2024 2023 , two significant customers accounted for $ or and $1,137,000 or 51.4% of revenue, respectively. As of September 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023 , accounts receivable was from nine and thirteen customers, of which, four customers accounted for $ or and $336,000 or 72.0% of total accounts receivable, respectively. The loss of business from one The Company conducts operations in the Netherlands through its foreign subsidiary and generates a portion of its revenues from customers that are located outside of the United States. For the three September 30, 2024 2023 , the Company had four and three customers outside of the United States (i.e., European customers) that accounted for or and or of revenue, respectively. For the nine September 30, 2024 2023 , the Company had eight and four customers outside of the United States (i.e., European customers) that accounted for or and or of revenue, respectively. As of September 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023 , the Company had and six cus tomers outside of the United States (i.e., European customers) that accounted for or and or of accou nts receivable, respectively. The Company uses several contract research organizations (“CROs”) to conduct its research projects. For the three September 30, 2024 2023 , two and three or and or of total research services we purchased, respectively. For the nine September 30, 2024 2023 , two three or and or of total research services we purchased, respectively. As of September 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023 , two and three CROs accounted for or and $620,000 or 94.4% of accounts payable, respectively. The loss of one Cash and Cash Equivalents We treat highly liquid investments with original maturities of three Investment Securities The Company’s investment policy requires investment securities to be investment grade and held to maturity with the primary objective to maintain a high degree of liquidity while maximizing yield. The Company invests excess cash balances in short-term and long-term investment grade securities. Short-term investment securities mature within twelve 12 twelve 12 The Company classifies its investments in debt securities as held-to-maturity. Held-to-maturity securities are those securities that the Company has the ability and intent to hold until maturity. Held-to-maturity securities are recorded at amortized cost, net of allowance for credit losses if applicable, and adjusted for the amortization or accretion of premiums or discounts. Premiums and discounts are amortized over the life of the related held-to-maturity security. When a debt security is purchased at a premium, both the face value of the debt and premium amount are reflected as investing outflow. When evaluating an investment for other-than-temporary impairment, the Company reviews factors such as the length of time and extent to which fair value has been below its cost basis, the financial condition of the issuer and any changes thereto, changes in market interest rates, and whether it is more likely than not es. The impairment of the investment that is related to the credit loss, if any, is expensed in the period in which the event or change occurred. The Company classifies its investments in money market funds as available-for-sale securities and presented as cash equivalents on the consolidated balance sheets. As of September 30, 2024 December 31, 2023, As of September 30, 2024 December 31, 2023 not Accounts Receivable Accounts receivable consist of billed receivables currently due from customers and unbilled receivables. Unbilled receivables represent the excess of contract revenue (or amounts reimbursable under contracts) over billings to date. Such amounts become billable in accordance with the contract terms, which usually consider the passage of time, achievement of certain milestones or completion of the project. Accounts receivable are stated net of an allowance for credit losses, if deemed necessary based on the Company’s evaluation of collectability and potential credit losses. Management assesses the collectability of its accounts receivable using the specific identification of account balances and considers the credit quality and financial condition of its significant customers, historical information regarding credit losses and the Company’s evaluation of current and expected future economic conditions and changes in our customer collection trends. If necessary, an allowance for credit losses is recorded against accounts receivable such that the carrying value of accounts receivable reflects the net amount expected to be collected. Accounts receivable balances are written off against the allowance for credit losses when the potential for collectability is considered remote. Substantially all of our accounts receivable were current and include unbilled amounts that will be billed and collected over the next twelve 12 September 30, 2024 December 31, 2023 Accounts receivable consist of the following: September 30, 2024 December 31, 2023 (Unaudited) (Audited) Billed receivable $ 212,939 $ 410,617 Unbilled receivable 139,995 55,542 $ 352,934 $ 466,159 Accounts Payable Accounts payable consist of the following: September 30, 2024 December 31, 2023 (Unaudited) (Audited) Research and development expenses $ 376,608 $ 575,436 Legal expenses 130,974 1,957 Other 54,215 79,052 $ 561,797 $ 656,445 Accrued Expenses Accrued expenses consist of the following: September 30, 2024 December 31, 2023 (Unaudited) (Audited) Employee wages and benefits $ 442,604 $ 561,720 Research and development expenses 372,456 274,080 Legal expenses 13,000 210,004 Other 11,360 11,360 $ 839,420 $ 1,057,164 Deferred Financing Costs Deferred financing costs represent costs incurred in connection with the issuance of debt instruments and equity financings. Deferred financing costs related to the issuance of debt are amortized over the term of the financing instrument using the effective interest method and are presented in the consolidated balance sheets as an offset against the related debt. Offering costs from equity financings are netted against the gross proceeds received from the equity financings. See Note 4 Research and Development Costs Research and development (“R&D”) costs are expensed as incurred. R&D costs are for the Company’s internally funded pharmaceutical programs and other governmental and commercial projects. Research and development costs consist of personnel-related costs, facilities, research-related overhead, services from independent contract research organizations, and other external costs. Research and development costs, including related party, for the three nine September 30, 2024 2023 Three Months Ended September 30, Nine Months Ended September 30, 2024 2023 2024 2023 (Unaudited) (Unaudited) (Unaudited) (Unaudited) Outside contracted services $ 336,068 $ 556,042 $ 1,119,502 $ 1,947,228 Personnel related costs 121,081 147,426 334,297 447,034 Facilities, overhead and other 3,092 12,883 44,794 50,207 $ 460,241 $ 716,351 $ 1,498,593 $ 2,444,469 Foreign Currency Transaction Gain or Loss The Company and its foreign subsidiary use the U.S. dollar as its functional currency, and initially measure the foreign currency denominated assets and liabilities at the transaction date. Monetary assets and liabilities are then re-measured at exchange rates in effect at the end of each period, and property and non-monetary assets and liabilities are carried at historical rates. Fair Value Measurements The Company applies fair value accounting for certain financial instruments that are recognized or disclosed at fair value in the financial statements. The Company defines fair value as the price that would be received from selling an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date. Fair value is estimated by applying the following hierarchy, which prioritizes the inputs used to measure fair value into three • Level 1 • Level 2 • Level 3 The Company’s financial instruments included cash and cash equivalents, investment in debt securities, accounts receivable, accounts payable and accrued expenses, accrued payroll and related liabilities, deferred research and development obligations, deposits, and the Company's 8% March 2027. third 4 Income Taxes For the nine September 30, 2024 , there was no September 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023 , deferred tax assets were $17.7 million and $16.4 million, res September 30, 2024 December 31, 2023 Stock-Based Compensation We recognize all share-based payments to employees, consultants, and our Board of Directors (the “Board”), as non-cash compensation expense, in research and development expenses or general and administrative expenses in the consolidated statement of operations based on the grant date fair values of such payments. Stock-based compensation expense recognized each period is based on the value of the portion of share-based payment awards that is ultimately expected to vest during the period. Forfeitures are recorded as they occur. For performance-based awards, the Company recognizes related stock-based compensation expenses based upon its determination of the potential likelihood of achievement of the specified performance conditions at each reporting date. Net Loss Per Share Basic net loss per share is computed by dividing net loss available to common shareholders by the weighted average number of common stock shares outstanding during the reporting period. Diluted net loss per share adjusts the weighted average number of common stock shares outstanding for the potential dilution that could occur if common stock equivalents, such as stock options were exercised and converted into common stock, calculated by applying the treasury stock method. For the three nine September 30, 2024 , a total of shares of potentially dilutive securities, including shares of unvested restrict stock units and options to purchase 5,845,035 shares of common stock, were excluded from the computation of diluted net loss per share as their effect would have been anti-dilutive. For the three nine September 30, 2023 , a total of 5,658,811 shares of potentially dilutive securities, including 163,044 shares of unvested restrict stock units and options to purchase 5,495,767 shares of common stock, were excluded from the computation of diluted net loss per share as their effect would have been anti-dilutive Recent Accounting Pronouncements Not September 30, 2024 In December 2023, 2023 09 740 1 2 2023 09 January 1, 2025. not not In November 2023, 2023 07 280 other segment items other segment items 280 one an explanation of how the CODM uses the reported measures of segment profit or loss to make decisions, and require that entities with a single reportable segment provide all disclosures required by this update and required under ASC 280. 2023 07 January 1, 2024, January 1, 2025, not

Note 2 - Cash, Cash Equivalents

Note 2 - Cash, Cash Equivalents, and Investments	9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2024
Notes to Financial Statements
Cash, Cash Equivalents, and Marketable Securities [Text Block]	Note 2: Cash, Cash Equivalents, and Investments The Company’s investments in debt securities are classified as held-to-maturity and are recorded at amortized cost, net of allowance for credit losses, and its investments in money market funds are classified as available-for-sale securities and presented as cash equivalents on the consolidated balance sheets. The following table shows the Company’s cash, available-for-sale securities, and investment securities by major security type as of September 30, 2024 December 31, 2023 September 30, 2024 (Unaudited) Allowance Gross Gross Level for Unrealized Unrealized (1 ) Credit Losses Holding Gains Holding Losses Adjusted Cost Cash and Cash Equivalents Cash $ 1,095,858 $ — $ — $ — $ 1,095,858 Money Market Funds (2) 1 4,825,756 — — — 4,825,756 Subtotal 5,921,614 — — — 5,921,614 Short-Term Investment Securities (3) Corporate Bonds (4)(5) 2 4,002,034 — 1,202 — 4,000,832 Total $ 9,923,648 $ — $ 1,202 $ — $ 9,922,446 December 31, 2023 (Audited) Allowance Gross Gross Level for Unrealized Unrealized (1) Fair Value Credit Losses Holding Gains Holding Losses Adjusted Cost Cash and Cash Equivalents Cash $ 25,775 $ — $ — $ — $ 25,775 Money Market Funds (2) 1 6,489,253 — — — 6,489,253 Subtotal 6,515,028 — — — 6,515,028 Short-Term Investment Securities (3) Corporate Bonds (4)(5) 2 748,105 — — (185 ) 748,290 Total $ 7,263,133 $ — $ — $ (185 ) $ 7,263,318 _________________ Notes: ( 1 three • Level 1 • Level 2 • Level 3 ( 2 ( 3 12 ( 4 three September 30, 2024 2023 , the Company received discounts of $9,023 and $1,148 to purchase held-to-maturity investment securities, respectively. nine September 30, 2024 2023, $70,495 a For the year ended December 31, 2023 , the Company received discounts of $39,012 to purchase held-to-maturity investment securities. ( 5 September 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023, not no

Note 3 - Research and Collabora

Note 3 - Research and Collaboration Agreements, Sublicense Agreements, and Investments in Privately Held Companies	9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2024
Notes to Financial Statements
Collaborative Arrangement Disclosure [Text Block]	Note 3: Research and Collaboration Agreements, Sublicense Agreements, and Investments in Privately Held Companies Proliant On June 27, 2024, second For the three nine September 30, 2024 , the Company recognized $1.0 million in license revenue Inzymes ApS On September 18, 2023, October 11, 2024, Under the terms of the Amended Inzymes Agreement, a research collaboration to develop a basket of dairy enzymes will be fully funded by Inzymes with an upfront payment of $0.6 million. Dyadic will also be eligible to receive success fees upon the achievement of certain target yields, milestone payments upon first In October 2023, first the three nine September 30, 2024 , the Company recorded research and development revenues of $0 and $25,000, respectively. For the three September 30, 2024, one A Global Food Ingredient Company On May 10, 2022, Under the initial terms of the JDA, Dyadic was to develop its proprietary production cell lines for the manufacture of animal free ingredient product candidates. The GFIC has completed its one $1.35 For the three nine September 30, 2024 three nine September 30, 2023 Janssen On December 16, 2021, C1 one On October 2, 2023, December 31, 2023. For the three nine September 30, 2024 For the three nine September 30, 2023 three nine September 30, 2023 ely $127,000 and $507,000, r Alphazyme In 2019 The Company evaluated the nature of its equity interest investment in Alphazyme and determined that Alphazyme is a VIE due to the capital structure of the entity. However, the Company is not not not not On January 18, 2023, The Amended Sublicense Agreement between Dyadic and Alphazyme, which was previously entered on June 24, 2020, l milestone C1 For the year ended December 31, 2023, first 2024, the Company received an additional cash payment of $60,977, which was recorded as g

Note 4 - Convertible Notes Paya

Note 4 - Convertible Notes Payable	9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2024
Notes to Financial Statements
Convertible Debt [Text Block]	Note 4: Convertible Notes Payable On March 8, 2024, $2.0 The Convertible Notes are senior, secured obligations of the Company and its affiliates, and interest is payable quarterly in cash on the principal amount equal to 8% per annum, and guaranteed by its subsidiary, Dyadic International (USA), Inc. under a subsidiary guarantee for the benefit of the holders of the Convertible Notes (each such holder, a “Holder”). The Convertible Notes mature on March 8, 2027, first Pursuant to an amendment entered into by the Company on October 4, 2024, may 26, 29, 32 not 60 may not 60 f the Holders at any time, based on a conversion price of $1.40 per share of common stock. The Convertible Notes are accounted for in accordance with ASC 470 20, Debt with Conversion and Other Options 815 15, Derivatives and Hedging 815, not not not 470 The Company incurred $175,674 of debt issuance costs associated with the Convertible Notes, which were recorded as a reduction of the Convertible Notes on the consolidated balance sheets. The debt issuance costs are being amortized and recognized as additional interest expense over the expected life of the Convertible Notes using the effective interest method. We determined the expected life of the debt is eq ual to the three For the three September 30, 2024 , $114,933 of interest was paid and debt issuance costs of $17,244 were amortized and recorded in interest expense in the consolidated statements of operations. For the nine September 30, 2024 , $149,778 of interest was paid and debt issuance costs of $43,961 September 30, 2024 , accrued interest on the Convertible Notes to related parties and other third As of September 30, 2024 , accumulated amortized debt issuance costs are $26,394. For the nine September 30, 2024 , $600,000 of the Convertible Notes were converted into 335,195 shares of the Company’s common stock. September 30, 2024 Holder Issuance Date Due Date Interest Rate Convertible Note Principal Principal Repayments Conversion to Common Stock Principal Outstanding Francisco Trust dated 2/28/1996 (1) 03/08/24 03/08/27 8% $ 1,000,000 $ — $ — $ 1,000,000 Bradley Emalfarb (2) 03/08/24 03/08/27 8% 500,000 — (400,000 ) 100,000 Bradley Scott Emalfarb Irrevocable Trust (2) 03/08/24 03/08/27 8% 410,000 — (200,000 ) 210,000 Emalfarb Descendent Trust (3) 03/08/24 03/08/27 8% 90,000 — — 90,000 Convertible Notes - Related Party $ 2,000,000 $ — $ (600,000 ) 1,400,000 Unamortized Debt Issuance Costs - Related Party (34,148 ) Net Carrying Amount $ 1,365,852 Convertible Notes - Third Party 03/08/24 03/08/27 8% $ 4,000,000 $ — $ — 4,000,000 Unamortized Debt Issuance Costs - Third Party (97,565 ) Net Carrying Amount $ 3,902,435 _________________ Notes: ( 1 Mr. Thomas Emalfarb, nephew of Mr. Mark A. Emalfarb, our President and Chief Executive Officer, is the Trustee of the Francisco Trust. Mr. Thomas Emalfarb may may September 30, 2024 , is $20,000. ( 2 may may nine September 30, 2024 , $400,000 of the Convertible Notes held by Mr. Bradley S. Emalfarb were converted into 223,463 shares of the Company’s common stock. For the nine September 30, 2024 , $200,000 of the Convertible Notes held by Bradley Scott Emalfarb Irrevocable Trust were converted into 111,732 shares of the Company’s common stock. As of September 30, 2024 , the amount of accrued interest for Bradley Emalfarb and Bradley Scott Emalfarb Irrevocable Trust was $2,000 and $4,200, ( 3 may September 30, 2024 , is $1,800.

Note 5 - Commitments and Contin

Note 5 - Commitments and Contingencies	9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2024
Notes to Financial Statements
Commitments and Contingencies Disclosure [Text Block]	Note 5: Commitments and Contingencies Legal Proceedings We are not one VTT Research Contract Extension On January 31, 2024, C1 June 28, 2019, June 21, 2022, September 9, 2022. January 31, 2025, €186,000 C1 C1 90 September 30, 2024 he Company paid EUR €93,000, EUR €93,000 first 2025.

Note 6 - Share-based Compensati

Note 6 - Share-based Compensation	9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2024
Notes to Financial Statements
Share-Based Payment Arrangement [Text Block]	Note 6: Share-Based Compensation Description of Equity Plans The 2021 “2021 April 9, 2021 June 11, 2021. 2021 2011 “2011 2021 2021 no 2011 2021 April 16, 2021, 2021 2011. As of September 30, 2024 any had stock options outstanding and unvested restricted stock units in addition to shares of common stock available for grant under the 2021 December 31, 2023 , there were 5,469,247 stock options outstanding and 243,044 unvested restricted stock units in addition to 2,773,406 shares of co 2021 Stock Options Options are granted to purchase common stock at prices that are equal to the fair value of the common stock on the date the option is granted. Vesting is determined by the Board of Directors at the time of grant. The term of any stock option awards under the Company’s 2011 2021 ten two five The grant-date fair value of each option grant is estimated using the Black-Scholes option pricing model and amortized on a straight-line basis over the requisite service period, which is generally the vesting period, for each separately vesting portion of the award as if the award was, in substance, multiple awards. Use of a valuation model requires management to make certain assumptions with respect to selected model inputs, including the following. Risk-free interest rate Expected dividend yield not Expected stock price volatility. 2015. 2016, Expected life of option. The assumptions used in the Black-Scholes option pricing model for stock options granted for the nine September 30, 2024 Risk-Free interest rate 3.56% - 4.61% Expected dividend yield —% Expected stock price volatility 63.02-63.64% Expected life of options (in years) 2.63-6.25 The following table summarizes the stock option activities for the nine September 30, 2024 Weighted-Average Weighted-Average Remaining Contractual Aggregate Intrinsic Shares Exercise Price Term (Years) Value Outstanding at December 31, 2023 5,469,247 $ 3.08 5.66 $ 322,738 Granted (1) 837,600 1.31 Exercised (30,000 ) 1.36 Expired (2) (358,500 ) 2.10 Canceled (3) (73,312 ) 1.73 Outstanding at September 30, 2024 5,845,035 $ 2.96 5.57 $ 3,500 Exercisable at September 30, 2024 4,458,123 $ 3.19 4.63 $ 3,500 _________________ Notes: ( 1 • Annual share-based compensation awards on January 2, 2024 one four one four one • One-time awards on April 11, 2024, four one • A one September 23, 2024, three ( 2 sents the following options expired: (a) 300,000 stock options with an exercise price of $1.87 per share granted to an executive, (b) 25,000 stock options with an exercise price of $1.76 per share granted to a member of the Board of Directors, (c) 7,500 stock options with an exercise price of $5.56 per share granted to a consultant, (d) 25,000 stock options with an exercise price of $4.14 per share granted to a consultant, and (e) 1,000 stock options with an exercise price of $1.55 per share granted to an employee. ( 3 ts the following options canceled: (a) 50,000 s Restricted Stock Units Restricted stock units (the “RSUs”) are granted subject to certain restrictions. Vesting conditions are determined at the discretion of the Board of Directors. The fair market value of RSUs is generally determined based on the closing market price of the stock on the grant date. The following table summarizes the restricted stock award activity for the nine September 30, 2024 Weighted-Average Grant Date Shares Fair Value Outstanding at December 31, 2023 213,044 $ 1.43 Granted (1) 354,219 1.60 Vested (2) (437,546 ) 1.52 Unvested shares forfeited (3) (11,792 ) 1.59 Outstanding at September 30, 2024 117,925 $ 1.59 _________________ Notes: ( 1 On March 13, 2024, 2023. January 2, 2024, one ( 2 Represents 212,709 RSUs granted to executives and key personnel, 174,837 RSUs granted to the Board of Directors, and 50,000 RSUs granted to a contractor. ( 3 Represents the cancellation of RSUs granted to a former member of the Board of Directors. Compensation Expenses We recognize all share-based payments to employees and our Board of Directors, as non-cash compensation expense, in research and development expenses or general and administrative expenses in the consolidated statement of operations, and these charges had no r. For the three nine September 30, 2024 , there were forfeitures of $9,000 and $50,000, respectively. For performance-based awards, the Company recognizes related stock-based compensation expenses based upon its determination of the potential likelihood of achievement of the specified performance conditions at each reporting date. Total non-cash share-based compensation expense was allocated among the following expense categories: Three Months Ended September 30, Nine Months Ended September 30, 2024 2023 2024 2023 General and administrative $ 235,024 $ 270,672 $ 814,430 $ 913,804 Research and development 12,366 10,635 37,041 32,458 Total $ 247,390 $ 281,307 $ 851,471 $ 946,262 The following table summarizes the Company’s non-cash share-based compensation expense allocation between options and restricted stock units: Three Months Ended September 30, Nine Months Ended September 30, 2024 2023 2024 2023 Share based compensation expense - stock option $ 200,387 $ 224,749 $ 634,194 $ 779,663 Share based compensation expense - restricted stock units 47,003 56,558 217,277 166,599 Total $ 247,390 $ 281,307 $ 851,471 $ 946,262

Note 7 - Shareholders' Equity

Note 7 - Shareholders' Equity	9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2024
Notes to Financial Statements
Equity [Text Block]	Note 7: Issuances of Common Stock For the nine September 30, 2024 , there were shares of the Company’s common stock issued with a weighted average issue price of $1.63 per share, including 335,195 shares from the conversion of the Convertible Notes, 437,546 shares from the vesting of restricted stock units, and 5,569 shares from the exercise of stock options. For the nine September 30, 2023 , there were 247,961shares Treasury Stock As of September 30, 2024

Note 8 - Subsequent Events

Note 8 - Subsequent Events	9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2024
Notes to Financial Statements
Subsequent Events [Text Block]	Note 8: Subsequent Events For purpose of disclosure in the con solidated financial statements, the Company has evaluated subsequent events through November 12, 2024 , the date the consolidated financial statements were available to be issued. Except for items mentioned in the notes, management is not

Insider Trading Arrangements

Insider Trading Arrangements	3 Months Ended	9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2024 shares	Sep. 30, 2024 shares
Insider Trading Arr Line Items
Material Terms of Trading Arrangement [Text Block]		5. Other Information (a) None. (b) None. (c) On September 4, 2024 Chief Operating Officer Joseph Hazelton adopted 10b5 1 10b5 1 81,270 June 10, 2025, Except as described above, during the quarter ended September 30, 2024 none 16 10b5 1 10b5 1 408
Trading Arrangement, Securities Aggregate Available Amount	81,270	81,270
Rule 10b5-1 Arrangement Terminated [Flag]	false
Trading Arrangement, Individual Title	Chief Operating Officer
Trading Arrangement, Individual Name	Joseph Hazelton
Rule 10b5-1 Arrangement Adopted [Flag]	true
Trading Arrangement Adoption Date	September 4, 2024
Non-Rule 10b5-1 Arrangement Terminated [Flag]	false
Non-Rule 10b5-1 Arrangement Adopted [Flag]	false

Significant Accounting Policies

Significant Accounting Policies (Policies)	9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2024
Accounting Policies [Abstract]
Liquidity and Capital Resources, Policy [Policy Text Block]	Liquidity and Capital Resources The Company expects to incur losses and have negative net cash flows from operating activities as it continues developing its microbial protein production platforms and related products, and as it expands its pipelines and engages in further research and development activities for internal products as well as for its third On March 8, 2024, March 8, 2027 ( 5% The Convertible Notes are senior, secured obligations of Dyadic and its affiliates, and interest is payable quarterly in cash on the principal amount equal to 8% per annum. The Convertible Notes will mature on March 8, 2027 ( The Convertible Notes can be converted into shares of Dyadic’s Class A common stock (the “Common Stock”), at the option of the holders of the Convertible Notes (the “Noteholders”) at any time prior to the Maturity Date. This private placement funding is expected to support our near-term revenue growth and accelerate our strategic objective of commercialization opportunities for pharmaceutical and non -pharmaceutical applications. On October 4, 2024, 26, 29 32 As of September 30, 2024 to 335,195 shares of Common Stock. F 4 The Company expects its existing cash and cash equivalents, and cash raised from the Convertible Notes, investments in debt securities, and operating cash flows will be sufficient to meet its operational, business, and other liquidity requirements for at least the next twelve 12 may may not not may no
Basis of Accounting, Policy [Policy Text Block]	Basis of Presentation The accompanying unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements, including the accounts of the Company and its wholly owned subsidiaries, have been prepared in accordance with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles (“GAAP”) as found in the Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”), Accounting Standards Update (“ASU”) of the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) and applicable rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”) regarding interim financial reporting. Certain information and footnote disclosures normally included in consolidated financial statements have been condensed or omitted pursuant to such rules and regulations. All significant intra-entity transactions and balances have been eliminated in consolidation. The information included in this Quarterly Report should be read in conjunction with the audited consolidated financial statements and footnotes as of and for the year ended December 31, 2023, In the opinion of management, the accompanying unaudited interim consolidated financial statements reflect all adjustments, which are of a normal recurring nature, considered necessary for a fair presentation of all periods presented. The results of the Company’s operations for any interim periods are not The Company conducts business in one
Use of Estimates, Policy [Policy Text Block]	Use of Estimates The preparation of these consolidated financial statements in accordance with GAAP requires management to make estimates and judgments that affect the reported amount of assets and liabilities and related disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of our consolidated financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the applicable period. Estimates inherent in the preparation of these consolidated financial statements include, but are not may
Concentration Risk, Credit Risk, Policy [Policy Text Block]	Concentrations and Credit Risk The Company’s financial instruments that are potentially subject to concentrations of credit risk consist primarily of cash and cash equivalents, investment securities, and accounts receivable. At times, the Company has cash, cash equivalents, and investment securities at financial institutions exceeding the Federal Depository Insurance Company (“FDIC”) and the Securities Investor Protection Corporation (“SIPC”) insured limit on domestic currency and the Netherlands’ FDIC counterpart for foreign currency. The Company currently deals with four not For the three September 30, 2024 2023 , the Company’s revenue was generated from t and seven customers, respectively. For the nine September 30, 2024 2023 , the Company’s revenue was generated from sixteen and thirteen customers, respectively. Significant customers are those that account for greater than 10% three September 30, 2024 2023 , two and four or and $ or % of revenue, respectively. For the nine September 30, 2024 2023 , two significant customers accounted for $ or and $1,137,000 or 51.4% of revenue, respectively. As of September 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023 , accounts receivable was from nine and thirteen customers, of which, four customers accounted for $ or and $336,000 or 72.0% of total accounts receivable, respectively. The loss of business from one The Company conducts operations in the Netherlands through its foreign subsidiary and generates a portion of its revenues from customers that are located outside of the United States. For the three September 30, 2024 2023 , the Company had four and three customers outside of the United States (i.e., European customers) that accounted for or and or of revenue, respectively. For the nine September 30, 2024 2023 , the Company had eight and four customers outside of the United States (i.e., European customers) that accounted for or and or of revenue, respectively. As of September 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023 , the Company had and six cus tomers outside of the United States (i.e., European customers) that accounted for or and or of accou nts receivable, respectively. The Company uses several contract research organizations (“CROs”) to conduct its research projects. For the three September 30, 2024 2023 , two and three or and or of total research services we purchased, respectively. For the nine September 30, 2024 2023 , two three or and or of total research services we purchased, respectively. As of September 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023 , two and three CROs accounted for or and $620,000 or 94.4% of accounts payable, respectively. The loss of one
Cash and Cash Equivalents, Policy [Policy Text Block]	Cash and Cash Equivalents We treat highly liquid investments with original maturities of three
Investment, Policy [Policy Text Block]	Investment Securities The Company’s investment policy requires investment securities to be investment grade and held to maturity with the primary objective to maintain a high degree of liquidity while maximizing yield. The Company invests excess cash balances in short-term and long-term investment grade securities. Short-term investment securities mature within twelve 12 twelve 12 The Company classifies its investments in debt securities as held-to-maturity. Held-to-maturity securities are those securities that the Company has the ability and intent to hold until maturity. Held-to-maturity securities are recorded at amortized cost, net of allowance for credit losses if applicable, and adjusted for the amortization or accretion of premiums or discounts. Premiums and discounts are amortized over the life of the related held-to-maturity security. When a debt security is purchased at a premium, both the face value of the debt and premium amount are reflected as investing outflow. When evaluating an investment for other-than-temporary impairment, the Company reviews factors such as the length of time and extent to which fair value has been below its cost basis, the financial condition of the issuer and any changes thereto, changes in market interest rates, and whether it is more likely than not es. The impairment of the investment that is related to the credit loss, if any, is expensed in the period in which the event or change occurred. The Company classifies its investments in money market funds as available-for-sale securities and presented as cash equivalents on the consolidated balance sheets. As of September 30, 2024 December 31, 2023, As of September 30, 2024 December 31, 2023 not
Accounts Receivable [Policy Text Block]	Accounts Receivable Accounts receivable consist of billed receivables currently due from customers and unbilled receivables. Unbilled receivables represent the excess of contract revenue (or amounts reimbursable under contracts) over billings to date. Such amounts become billable in accordance with the contract terms, which usually consider the passage of time, achievement of certain milestones or completion of the project. Accounts receivable are stated net of an allowance for credit losses, if deemed necessary based on the Company’s evaluation of collectability and potential credit losses. Management assesses the collectability of its accounts receivable using the specific identification of account balances and considers the credit quality and financial condition of its significant customers, historical information regarding credit losses and the Company’s evaluation of current and expected future economic conditions and changes in our customer collection trends. If necessary, an allowance for credit losses is recorded against accounts receivable such that the carrying value of accounts receivable reflects the net amount expected to be collected. Accounts receivable balances are written off against the allowance for credit losses when the potential for collectability is considered remote. Substantially all of our accounts receivable were current and include unbilled amounts that will be billed and collected over the next twelve 12 September 30, 2024 December 31, 2023 Accounts receivable consist of the following: September 30, 2024 December 31, 2023 (Unaudited) (Audited) Billed receivable $ 212,939 $ 410,617 Unbilled receivable 139,995 55,542 $ 352,934 $ 466,159
Accounts Payable, Policy [Policy Text Block]	Accounts Payable Accounts payable consist of the following: September 30, 2024 December 31, 2023 (Unaudited) (Audited) Research and development expenses $ 376,608 $ 575,436 Legal expenses 130,974 1,957 Other 54,215 79,052 $ 561,797 $ 656,445
Accrued Expenses, Policy [Policy Text Block]	Accrued Expenses Accrued expenses consist of the following: September 30, 2024 December 31, 2023 (Unaudited) (Audited) Employee wages and benefits $ 442,604 $ 561,720 Research and development expenses 372,456 274,080 Legal expenses 13,000 210,004 Other 11,360 11,360 $ 839,420 $ 1,057,164
Deferred Charges, Policy [Policy Text Block]	Deferred Financing Costs Deferred financing costs represent costs incurred in connection with the issuance of debt instruments and equity financings. Deferred financing costs related to the issuance of debt are amortized over the term of the financing instrument using the effective interest method and are presented in the consolidated balance sheets as an offset against the related debt. Offering costs from equity financings are netted against the gross proceeds received from the equity financings. See Note 4
Research and Development Expense, Policy [Policy Text Block]	Research and Development Costs Research and development (“R&D”) costs are expensed as incurred. R&D costs are for the Company’s internally funded pharmaceutical programs and other governmental and commercial projects. Research and development costs consist of personnel-related costs, facilities, research-related overhead, services from independent contract research organizations, and other external costs. Research and development costs, including related party, for the three nine September 30, 2024 2023 Three Months Ended September 30, Nine Months Ended September 30, 2024 2023 2024 2023 (Unaudited) (Unaudited) (Unaudited) (Unaudited) Outside contracted services $ 336,068 $ 556,042 $ 1,119,502 $ 1,947,228 Personnel related costs 121,081 147,426 334,297 447,034 Facilities, overhead and other 3,092 12,883 44,794 50,207 $ 460,241 $ 716,351 $ 1,498,593 $ 2,444,469
Foreign Currency Transactions and Translations Policy [Policy Text Block]	Foreign Currency Transaction Gain or Loss The Company and its foreign subsidiary use the U.S. dollar as its functional currency, and initially measure the foreign currency denominated assets and liabilities at the transaction date. Monetary assets and liabilities are then re-measured at exchange rates in effect at the end of each period, and property and non-monetary assets and liabilities are carried at historical rates.
Fair Value Measurement, Policy [Policy Text Block]	Fair Value Measurements The Company applies fair value accounting for certain financial instruments that are recognized or disclosed at fair value in the financial statements. The Company defines fair value as the price that would be received from selling an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date. Fair value is estimated by applying the following hierarchy, which prioritizes the inputs used to measure fair value into three • Level 1 • Level 2 • Level 3 The Company’s financial instruments included cash and cash equivalents, investment in debt securities, accounts receivable, accounts payable and accrued expenses, accrued payroll and related liabilities, deferred research and development obligations, deposits, and the Company's 8% March 2027. third 4
Income Tax, Policy [Policy Text Block]	Income Taxes For the nine September 30, 2024 , there was no September 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023 , deferred tax assets were $17.7 million and $16.4 million, res September 30, 2024 December 31, 2023
Share-Based Payment Arrangement [Policy Text Block]	Stock-Based Compensation We recognize all share-based payments to employees, consultants, and our Board of Directors (the “Board”), as non-cash compensation expense, in research and development expenses or general and administrative expenses in the consolidated statement of operations based on the grant date fair values of such payments. Stock-based compensation expense recognized each period is based on the value of the portion of share-based payment awards that is ultimately expected to vest during the period. Forfeitures are recorded as they occur. For performance-based awards, the Company recognizes related stock-based compensation expenses based upon its determination of the potential likelihood of achievement of the specified performance conditions at each reporting date.
Earnings Per Share, Policy [Policy Text Block]	Net Loss Per Share Basic net loss per share is computed by dividing net loss available to common shareholders by the weighted average number of common stock shares outstanding during the reporting period. Diluted net loss per share adjusts the weighted average number of common stock shares outstanding for the potential dilution that could occur if common stock equivalents, such as stock options were exercised and converted into common stock, calculated by applying the treasury stock method. For the three nine September 30, 2024 , a total of shares of potentially dilutive securities, including shares of unvested restrict stock units and options to purchase 5,845,035 shares of common stock, were excluded from the computation of diluted net loss per share as their effect would have been anti-dilutive. For the three nine September 30, 2023 , a total of 5,658,811 shares of potentially dilutive securities, including 163,044 shares of unvested restrict stock units and options to purchase 5,495,767 shares of common stock, were excluded from the computation of diluted net loss per share as their effect would have been anti-dilutive
New Accounting Pronouncements, Policy [Policy Text Block]	Recent Accounting Pronouncements Not September 30, 2024 In December 2023, 2023 09 740 1 2 2023 09 January 1, 2025. not not In November 2023, 2023 07 280 other segment items other segment items 280 one an explanation of how the CODM uses the reported measures of segment profit or loss to make decisions, and require that entities with a single reportable segment provide all disclosures required by this update and required under ASC 280. 2023 07 January 1, 2024, January 1, 2025, not

Note 1 - Organization and Sum_2

Note 1 - Organization and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies (Tables)	9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2024
Notes Tables
Schedule of Accounts, Notes, Loans and Financing Receivable [Table Text Block]	September 30, 2024 December 31, 2023 (Unaudited) (Audited) Billed receivable $ 212,939 $ 410,617 Unbilled receivable 139,995 55,542 $ 352,934 $ 466,159
Schedule of Accounts Payable and Accrued Liabilities [Table Text Block]	September 30, 2024 December 31, 2023 (Unaudited) (Audited) Research and development expenses $ 376,608 $ 575,436 Legal expenses 130,974 1,957 Other 54,215 79,052 $ 561,797 $ 656,445
Schedule of Accrued Liabilities [Table Text Block]	September 30, 2024 December 31, 2023 (Unaudited) (Audited) Employee wages and benefits $ 442,604 $ 561,720 Research and development expenses 372,456 274,080 Legal expenses 13,000 210,004 Other 11,360 11,360 $ 839,420 $ 1,057,164
Schedule of Research and Development Costs [Table Text Block]	Three Months Ended September 30, Nine Months Ended September 30, 2024 2023 2024 2023 (Unaudited) (Unaudited) (Unaudited) (Unaudited) Outside contracted services $ 336,068 $ 556,042 $ 1,119,502 $ 1,947,228 Personnel related costs 121,081 147,426 334,297 447,034 Facilities, overhead and other 3,092 12,883 44,794 50,207 $ 460,241 $ 716,351 $ 1,498,593 $ 2,444,469

Note 2 - Cash, Cash Equivalen_2

Note 2 - Cash, Cash Equivalents, and Investments (Tables)	9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2024
Notes Tables
Cash, Cash Equivalents and Investments [Table Text Block]	September 30, 2024 (Unaudited) Allowance Gross Gross Level for Unrealized Unrealized (1 ) Credit Losses Holding Gains Holding Losses Adjusted Cost Cash and Cash Equivalents Cash $ 1,095,858 $ — $ — $ — $ 1,095,858 Money Market Funds (2) 1 4,825,756 — — — 4,825,756 Subtotal 5,921,614 — — — 5,921,614 Short-Term Investment Securities (3) Corporate Bonds (4)(5) 2 4,002,034 — 1,202 — 4,000,832 Total $ 9,923,648 $ — $ 1,202 $ — $ 9,922,446 December 31, 2023 (Audited) Allowance Gross Gross Level for Unrealized Unrealized (1) Fair Value Credit Losses Holding Gains Holding Losses Adjusted Cost Cash and Cash Equivalents Cash $ 25,775 $ — $ — $ — $ 25,775 Money Market Funds (2) 1 6,489,253 — — — 6,489,253 Subtotal 6,515,028 — — — 6,515,028 Short-Term Investment Securities (3) Corporate Bonds (4)(5) 2 748,105 — — (185 ) 748,290 Total $ 7,263,133 $ — $ — $ (185 ) $ 7,263,318

Note 4 - Convertible Notes Pa_2

Note 4 - Convertible Notes Payable (Tables)	9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2024
Notes Tables
Convertible Debt [Table Text Block]	Holder Issuance Date Due Date Interest Rate Convertible Note Principal Principal Repayments Conversion to Common Stock Principal Outstanding Francisco Trust dated 2/28/1996 (1) 03/08/24 03/08/27 8% $ 1,000,000 $ — $ — $ 1,000,000 Bradley Emalfarb (2) 03/08/24 03/08/27 8% 500,000 — (400,000 ) 100,000 Bradley Scott Emalfarb Irrevocable Trust (2) 03/08/24 03/08/27 8% 410,000 — (200,000 ) 210,000 Emalfarb Descendent Trust (3) 03/08/24 03/08/27 8% 90,000 — — 90,000 Convertible Notes - Related Party $ 2,000,000 $ — $ (600,000 ) 1,400,000 Unamortized Debt Issuance Costs - Related Party (34,148 ) Net Carrying Amount $ 1,365,852 Convertible Notes - Third Party 03/08/24 03/08/27 8% $ 4,000,000 $ — $ — 4,000,000 Unamortized Debt Issuance Costs - Third Party (97,565 ) Net Carrying Amount $ 3,902,435

Note 6 - Share-based Compensa_2

Note 6 - Share-based Compensation (Tables)	9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2024
Notes Tables
Schedule of Share-Based Payment Award, Stock Options, Valuation Assumptions [Table Text Block]	Risk-Free interest rate 3.56% - 4.61% Expected dividend yield —% Expected stock price volatility 63.02-63.64% Expected life of options (in years) 2.63-6.25
Share-Based Payment Arrangement, Option, Activity [Table Text Block]	Weighted-Average Weighted-Average Remaining Contractual Aggregate Intrinsic Shares Exercise Price Term (Years) Value Outstanding at December 31, 2023 5,469,247 $ 3.08 5.66 $ 322,738 Granted (1) 837,600 1.31 Exercised (30,000 ) 1.36 Expired (2) (358,500 ) 2.10 Canceled (3) (73,312 ) 1.73 Outstanding at September 30, 2024 5,845,035 $ 2.96 5.57 $ 3,500 Exercisable at September 30, 2024 4,458,123 $ 3.19 4.63 $ 3,500
Share-Based Payment Arrangement, Restricted Stock and Restricted Stock Unit, Activity [Table Text Block]	Weighted-Average Grant Date Shares Fair Value Outstanding at December 31, 2023 213,044 $ 1.43 Granted (1) 354,219 1.60 Vested (2) (437,546 ) 1.52 Unvested shares forfeited (3) (11,792 ) 1.59 Outstanding at September 30, 2024 117,925 $ 1.59
Share-Based Payment Arrangement, Activity [Table Text Block]	Three Months Ended September 30, Nine Months Ended September 30, 2024 2023 2024 2023 General and administrative $ 235,024 $ 270,672 $ 814,430 $ 913,804 Research and development 12,366 10,635 37,041 32,458 Total $ 247,390 $ 281,307 $ 851,471 $ 946,262 Three Months Ended September 30, Nine Months Ended September 30, 2024 2023 2024 2023 Share based compensation expense - stock option $ 200,387 $ 224,749 $ 634,194 $ 779,663 Share based compensation expense - restricted stock units 47,003 56,558 217,277 166,599 Total $ 247,390 $ 281,307 $ 851,471 $ 946,262

Note 1 - Organization and Sum_3

Note 1 - Organization and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies (Details Textual)		3 Months Ended		9 Months Ended		12 Months Ended
	Mar. 08, 2024 USD ($) $ / shares	Sep. 30, 2024 USD ($) shares	Sep. 30, 2023 USD ($) shares	Sep. 30, 2024 USD ($) shares	Sep. 30, 2023 USD ($) shares	Dec. 31, 2023 USD ($)	Oct. 04, 2024 $ / shares
Debt Conversion, Original Debt, Amount				$ 600,000	$ 0
Stock Issued During Period, Shares, Conversion of Convertible Securities (in shares) | shares				335,195
Number of Operating Segments				1
Revenue from Contract with Customer, Excluding Assessed Tax		$ 1,957,500	$ 397,060	$ 2,678,013	$ 2,212,271
Accounts Receivable, Allowance for Credit Loss		0		0		$ 0
Deferred Tax Assets, Net		$ 17,700,000		$ 17,700,000		$ 16,400,000
Deferred Tax Assets, Valuation Allowance Coverage, Percent				100%		100%
Share-Based Payment Arrangement [Member]
Antidilutive Securities Excluded from Computation of Earnings Per Share, Amount (in shares) | shares		5,962,960	5,658,811	5,962,960	5,658,811
Restricted Stock Units (RSUs) [Member]
Antidilutive Securities Excluded from Computation of Earnings Per Share, Amount (in shares) | shares		117,925	163,044	117,925	163,044
Share-Based Payment Arrangement, Option [Member]
Antidilutive Securities Excluded from Computation of Earnings Per Share, Amount (in shares) | shares		5,845,035	5,495,767	5,845,035	5,495,767
Customer Concentration Risk [Member] | Revenue Benchmark [Member]
Concentration Risk, Number of Suppliers		10
Concentration Risk, Number of Customers			7	16	13
Customer Concentration Risk [Member] | Revenue Benchmark [Member] | Non-US [Member]
Concentration Risk, Number of Customers		4	3	8	4
Customer Concentration Risk [Member] | Revenue Benchmark [Member] | Two Significant Customers [Member]
Concentration Risk, Number of Customers		2			2
Revenue from Contract with Customer, Excluding Assessed Tax		$ 1,358,000		$ 1,450,000	$ 1,137,000
Concentration Risk, Percentage		69.40%		54.10%	51.40%
Concentration Risk, Significant Customers				2
Customer Concentration Risk [Member] | Revenue Benchmark [Member] | Four Significant Customers [Member]
Concentration Risk, Number of Customers			4
Revenue from Contract with Customer, Excluding Assessed Tax			$ 297,000
Concentration Risk, Percentage			74.80%
Customer Concentration Risk [Member] | Revenue Benchmark [Member] | Four Customers [Member] | Non-US [Member]
Revenue from Contract with Customer, Excluding Assessed Tax		$ 550,000			$ 314,000
Concentration Risk, Percentage		28.10%			14.20%
Customer Concentration Risk [Member] | Revenue Benchmark [Member] | Three Customers [Member] | Non-US [Member]
Revenue from Contract with Customer, Excluding Assessed Tax			$ 127,000
Concentration Risk, Percentage			32%
Customer Concentration Risk [Member] | Revenue Benchmark [Member] | Seven Customers [Member] | Non-US [Member]
Revenue from Contract with Customer, Excluding Assessed Tax				$ 854,000
Concentration Risk, Percentage				31.90%
Customer Concentration Risk [Member] | Accounts Receivable [Member]
Concentration Risk, Number of Customers				9		13
Customer Concentration Risk [Member] | Accounts Receivable [Member] | Non-US [Member]
Concentration Risk, Number of Customers				5		6
Concentration Risk, Percentage				47.20%		45.60%
Accounts Receivable, after Allowance for Credit Loss		$ 167,000		$ 167,000		$ 213,000
Customer Concentration Risk [Member] | Accounts Receivable [Member] | Four Customers [Member]
Concentration Risk, Number of Customers				4		4
Revenue from Contract with Customer, Excluding Assessed Tax				$ 262,000		$ 336,000
Concentration Risk, Percentage				74.10%		72%
Supplier Concentration Risk [Member] | Contract Research Organizations [Member] | Two CROs [Member]
Concentration Risk, Number of Suppliers		2		2
Concentration Risk, Percentage		94.60%		92%
Research Services Purchased		$ 690,000		$ 1,647,000
Supplier Concentration Risk [Member] | Contract Research Organizations [Member] | Three CROs [Member]
Concentration Risk, Number of Suppliers			3		3
Concentration Risk, Percentage			93.40%		96.40%
Research Services Purchased			$ 977,000		$ 3,639,000
Supplier Concentration Risk [Member] | Accounts Payable [Member] | Two CROs [Member]
Concentration Risk, Number of Suppliers				2
Concentration Risk, Percentage				60.80%
Accounts Payable		$ 341,000		$ 341,000
Supplier Concentration Risk [Member] | Accounts Payable [Member] | Three CROs [Member]
Concentration Risk, Number of Suppliers						3
Concentration Risk, Percentage						94.40%
Accounts Payable						$ 620,000
Conversion Of Convertible Notes Into Common Stock [Member]
Debt Conversion, Original Debt, Amount				$ 600,000
Senior Secured 2024 Notes [Member]
Debt Instrument, Face Amount	$ 6,000,000
Debt Instrument, Interest Rate, Stated Percentage	8%	8%		8%
Proceeds from Issuance of Senior Long-Term Debt	$ 5,824,000
Debt Instrument, Convertible, Conversion Price (in dollars per share) | $ / shares	$ 1.4
Stock Issued During Period, Shares, Conversion of Convertible Securities (in shares) | shares		223,463		335,195
Senior Secured 2024 Notes [Member] | Subsequent Event [Member]
Debt Instrument, Convertible, Conversion Price (in dollars per share) | $ / shares							$ 1.4

Note 1 - Organization and Sum_4

Note 1 - Organization and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies - Accounts Receivable (Details) - USD ($)	Sep. 30, 2024	Dec. 31, 2023
Accounts receivable	$ 352,934	$ 466,159
Billed Revenues [Member]
Accounts receivable	212,939	410,617
Unbilled Revenues [Member]
Accounts receivable	$ 139,995	$ 55,542

Note 1 - Organization and Sum_5

Note 1 - Organization and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies - Accounts Payable (Details) - USD ($)	Sep. 30, 2024	Dec. 31, 2023
Research and development expenses	$ 376,608	$ 575,436
Legal expenses	130,974	1,957
Other	54,215	79,052
Accounts Payable, Current	$ 561,797	$ 656,445

Note 1 - Organization and Sum_6

Note 1 - Organization and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies - Accrued Expenses (Details) - USD ($)	Sep. 30, 2024	Dec. 31, 2023
Employee wages and benefits	$ 442,604	$ 561,720
Research and development expenses	372,456	274,080
Legal expenses	13,000	210,004
Other	11,360	11,360
Accrued Liabilities, Current	$ 839,420	$ 1,057,164

Note 1 - Organization and Sum_7

Note 1 - Organization and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies - Research and Development Costs (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended		9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2024	Sep. 30, 2023	Sep. 30, 2024	Sep. 30, 2023
Outside contracted services	$ 336,068	$ 556,042	$ 1,119,502	$ 1,947,228
Personnel related costs	121,081	147,426	334,297	447,034
Facilities, overhead and other	3,092	12,883	44,794	50,207
Research And Development Expense, Including Related Party	$ 460,241	$ 716,351	$ 1,498,593	$ 2,444,469

Note 2 - Cash, Cash Equivalen_3

Note 2 - Cash, Cash Equivalents, and Investments (Details Textual) - USD ($)	3 Months Ended		9 Months Ended		12 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2024	Sep. 30, 2023	Sep. 30, 2024	Sep. 30, 2023	Dec. 31, 2023
Debt Securities, Held-to-maturity, Securities Purchased, Discount	$ 9,023	$ 1,148	$ 70,495	$ 33,982
Corporate Debt Securities [Member]
Debt Securities, Held-to-maturity, Securities Purchased, Discount					$ 39,012

Note 2 - Cash, Cash Equivalen_4

Note 2 - Cash, Cash Equivalents, and Investments - Major Security Type (Details) - USD ($)		Sep. 30, 2024		Dec. 31, 2023
Cash and cash equivalent, fair value		$ 5,921,614		$ 6,515,028
Cash, adjusted cost		1,095,858		25,775
Money Market Funds, adjusted cost	[1]	4,825,756		6,489,253
Cash and cash equivalents, adjusted cost		5,921,614		6,515,028
Corporate Bonds, allowance for credit loss		0		0
Corporate Bonds, gross unrealized holding gains		1,202		0
Corporate Bonds, gross unrealized holding losses		0		(185)
Total, fair value		9,923,648		7,263,133
Total, adjusted		9,922,446		7,263,318
Cash [Member]
Cash and cash equivalent, fair value		1,095,858		25,775
Money Market Funds [Member] | Fair Value, Inputs, Level 1 [Member]
Cash and cash equivalent, fair value	[1]	4,825,756		6,489,253
Short-term Corporate Bonds [Member]
Corporate Bonds, adjusted cost	[2],[3]	4,000,832		748,290
Short-term Corporate Bonds [Member] | Fair Value, Inputs, Level 2 [Member]
Corporate Bonds, fair value	[2],[3]	4,002,034	[4]	748,105
Corporate Bonds, allowance for credit loss	[2],[3]	0		0
Corporate Bonds, gross unrealized holding gains	[2],[3]	1,202		0
Corporate Bonds, gross unrealized holding losses	[2],[3]	$ 0		$ (185)
[1]All our money market funds were invested in U.S. Government money market funds.[2]For the three months ended September 30, 2024 and 2023, the Company received discounts of $9,023 and $1,148 to purchase held-to-maturity investment securities, respectively. For the nine months ended September 30, 2024 and 2023, the Company received discounts of $70,495 and $33,982 to purchase held-to-maturity investment securities, respectively. For the year ended December 31, 2023, the Company received discounts of $39,012 to purchase held-to-maturity investment securities.[3]The Company considers the declines in market value of its investment portfolio to be temporary in nature. As of September 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023, the Company did not consider any of its investments to be other-than-temporarily impaired and no allowance for credit losses was recorded.[4]For the three months ended June 30, 2024 and 2023, the Company received discounts of $31,357 and $17,601 to purchase held-to-maturity investment securities, respectively. For the six months ended June 30, 2024 and 2023, the Company received discounts of $61,472 and $32,834 to purchase held-to-maturity investment securities, respectively. For the year ended December 31, 2023, the Company received discounts of $39,012 to purchase held-to-maturity investment securities.

Note 3 - Research and Collabo_2

Note 3 - Research and Collaboration Agreements, Sublicense Agreements, and Investments in Privately Held Companies (Details Textual) - USD ($)		3 Months Ended			9 Months Ended		12 Months Ended
	Oct. 05, 2023	Sep. 30, 2024	Mar. 31, 2024	Sep. 30, 2023	Sep. 30, 2024	Sep. 30, 2023	Dec. 31, 2023	Jun. 27, 2024	Dec. 01, 2020
Revenue from Contract with Customer, Excluding Assessed Tax		$ 1,957,500		$ 397,060	$ 2,678,013	$ 2,212,271
Alphazyme [Member]
Proceeds from Sale, Maturity and Collection of Investments			$ 60,977				$ 1,300,000
Alphazyme [Member]
Ownership Percentage									1.99%
Research and Development [Member]
Revenue from Contract with Customer, Excluding Assessed Tax		532,500		352,942	1,253,013	2,079,918
Proliant Agreement [Member]
Initial Up Front Payment								$ 500,000
Second Payment Upon Completion Transfer								500,000
Final Payment Upon Meeting Certain Productivity Threshold								$ 500,000
Revenue from Contract with Customer, Excluding Assessed Tax		1			1
Inzymes Agreement APS [Member]
Revenue from Contract with Customer, Excluding Assessed Tax		0			25,000
Non-refundable Upfront Payment, Received	$ 600,000
Revenue From Contract With Customer, License Agreement Milestone Payment		425,000
A Global Food Ingredient Company [Member]
Revenue from Contract with Customer, Excluding Assessed Tax		0			0
A Global Food Ingredient Company [Member] | Research and Development [Member]
Revenue from Contract with Customer, Excluding Assessed Tax				0		565,000
A Global Food Ingredient Company [Member] | Success Fees [Member]
Revenue from Contract with Customer, Excluding Assessed Tax				65,500		65,500
Janssen Pharmaceutical Companies [Member]
Revenue from Contract with Customer, Excluding Assessed Tax		$ 0		127,000	$ 0	507,000
Deferred License Revenue				$ 44,000		$ 132,000

Note 4 - Convertible Notes Pa_3

Note 4 - Convertible Notes Payable (Details Textual) - USD ($)		3 Months Ended			9 Months Ended
	Mar. 08, 2024	Sep. 30, 2024	Jun. 30, 2024	Sep. 30, 2023	Sep. 30, 2024	Sep. 30, 2023
Debt Conversion, Original Debt, Amount					$ 600,000	$ 0
Stock Issued During Period, Value, Conversion of Convertible Securities		$ 200,000	$ 400,000	$ 281,307
Stock Issued During Period, Shares, Conversion of Convertible Securities (in shares)					335,195
Conversion Of Convertible Notes Into Common Stock [Member]
Debt Conversion, Original Debt, Amount					$ 600,000
Debt Conversion, Converted Instrument, Shares Issued (in shares)					335,195
Related Party [Member]
Interest Expense, Nonoperating		$ 39,344		$ 0	$ 102,632	$ 0
Senior Secured 2024 Notes [Member]
Debt Instrument, Face Amount	$ 6,000,000
Debt Instrument, Interest Rate, Stated Percentage	8%	8%			8%
Debt Instrument, Convertible, Conversion Price (in dollars per share)	$ 1.4
Debt Issuance Costs, Gross	$ 175,674
Debt Instrument, Term (Year)	3 years
Interest Payment		$ 114,933			$ 149,778
Interest Expense, Nonoperating		17,244
Debt Issuance Costs, Net		26,394			$ 26,394
Stock Issued During Period, Value, Conversion of Convertible Securities		$ 400,000
Stock Issued During Period, Shares, Conversion of Convertible Securities (in shares)		223,463			335,195
Senior Secured 2024 Notes [Member] | Conversion Of Convertible Notes Into Common Stock [Member] | Bradley Scott Emalfarb [Member]
Debt Conversion, Original Debt, Amount					$ 200,000
Debt Conversion, Converted Instrument, Shares Issued (in shares)					111,732
Senior Secured 2024 Notes [Member] | Maximum [Member]
Debt Instrument, Interest Rate, Stated Percentage	8%
Senior Secured 2024 Notes [Member] | Related Party [Member]
Debt Instrument, Face Amount	$ 2,000,000	$ 2,000,000			$ 2,000,000
Interest Payable		28,000			$ 28,000
Debt Conversion, Converted Instrument, Shares Issued (in shares)					600,000
Senior Secured 2024 Notes [Member] | Third Party [Member]
Debt Instrument, Face Amount		4,000,000			$ 4,000,000
Interest Payable		80,000			80,000
The Francisco Trust [Member]
Debt Instrument, Face Amount		$ 1,000,000			$ 1,000,000
Debt Instrument, Interest Rate, Stated Percentage		8%			8%
The Francisco Trust [Member] | Mr. Thomas Emalfarb [Member]
Interest Payable		$ 20,000			$ 20,000
Irrevocable Trust [Member] | Bradley Scott Emalfarb [Member]
Debt Instrument, Face Amount		$ 410,000			$ 410,000
Debt Instrument, Interest Rate, Stated Percentage		8%			8%
Interest Payable		$ 4,200			$ 4,200
Debt Conversion, Converted Instrument, Shares Issued (in shares)					200,000
Irrevocable Trust [Member] | Bradley Emalfarb [Member]
Debt Instrument, Face Amount		$ 500,000			$ 500,000
Debt Instrument, Interest Rate, Stated Percentage		8%			8%
Interest Payable		$ 2,000			$ 2,000
Irrevocable Trust [Member] | Thomas Emalfarb, Scott Emalfarb and Michael Emalfarb [Member]
Interest Payable		$ 1,800			$ 1,800
Irrevocable Trust [Member] | Conversion Of Convertible Notes Into Common Stock [Member] | Bradley Emalfarb [Member]
Debt Conversion, Converted Instrument, Shares Issued (in shares)					400,000

Note 4 - Convertible Notes Pa_4

Note 4 - Convertible Notes Payable - Convertible Debt (Details) - USD ($)	9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2024	Mar. 08, 2024
Conversion Of Convertible Notes Into Common Stock [Member]
Bradley Emalfarb (2) (in shares)	(335,195)
The Francisco Trust [Member]
Issuance date	Mar. 08, 2024
Due date	Mar. 08, 2027
Interest rate	8%
Francisco Trust dated 2/28/1996 (1)	$ 1,000,000
Principal outstanding	$ 1,000,000
Irrevocable Trust [Member] | Bradley Emalfarb [Member]
Issuance date	Mar. 08, 2024
Due date	Mar. 08, 2027
Interest rate	8%
Francisco Trust dated 2/28/1996 (1)	$ 500,000
Principal outstanding	$ 100,000
Irrevocable Trust [Member] | Bradley Emalfarb [Member] | Conversion Of Convertible Notes Into Common Stock [Member]
Bradley Emalfarb (2) (in shares)	(400,000)
Irrevocable Trust [Member] | Bradley Scott Emalfarb [Member]
Issuance date	Mar. 08, 2024
Due date	Mar. 08, 2027
Interest rate	8%
Francisco Trust dated 2/28/1996 (1)	$ 410,000
Principal outstanding	$ 210,000
Bradley Emalfarb (2) (in shares)	(200,000)
Descendant Trust [Member]
Issuance date	Mar. 08, 2024
Due date	Mar. 08, 2027
Interest rate	8%
Francisco Trust dated 2/28/1996 (1)	$ 90,000
Principal outstanding	$ 90,000
Senior Secured 2024 Notes [Member]
Interest rate	8%	8%
Francisco Trust dated 2/28/1996 (1)		$ 6,000,000
Senior Secured 2024 Notes [Member] | Related Party [Member]
Francisco Trust dated 2/28/1996 (1)	$ 2,000,000	$ 2,000,000
Principal outstanding	$ 1,400,000
Bradley Emalfarb (2) (in shares)	(600,000)
Unamortized Debt Issuance Costs - Related Party	$ (34,148)
Net Carrying Amount	$ 1,365,852
Senior Secured 2024 Notes [Member] | Third Party [Member]
Issuance date	Mar. 08, 2024
Due date	Mar. 08, 2027
Francisco Trust dated 2/28/1996 (1)	$ 4,000,000
Principal outstanding	4,000,000
Unamortized Debt Issuance Costs - Related Party	(97,565)
Net Carrying Amount	$ 3,902,435
Senior Secured 2024 Notes [Member] | Bradley Scott Emalfarb [Member] | Conversion Of Convertible Notes Into Common Stock [Member]
Bradley Emalfarb (2) (in shares)	(111,732)

Note 5 - Commitments and Cont_2

Note 5 - Commitments and Contingencies (Details Textual) - VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland Ltd [Member] - EUR (€)	3 Months Ended	9 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2025	Sep. 30, 2024	Jan. 31, 2024
Collaborative Arrangement, Payment for Additional Development and Commercialization			€ 186,000
Collaborative Arrangement, Payment for Research and Development Agreement		€ 93,000
Forecast [Member]
Collaborative Arrangement, Payment for Research and Development Agreement	€ 93,000

Note 6 - Share-based Compensa_3

Note 6 - Share-based Compensation (Details Textual) - USD ($)							3 Months Ended		9 Months Ended	12 Months Ended
		Sep. 23, 2024	Apr. 11, 2024	Mar. 14, 2024	Jan. 02, 2024	Jan. 03, 2023	Sep. 30, 2024	Mar. 31, 2024	Sep. 30, 2024	Dec. 31, 2023	Apr. 16, 2021
Share-Based Compensation Arrangement by Share-Based Payment Award, Options, Outstanding, Number (in shares)							5,845,035		5,845,035	5,469,247
Share-Based Compensation Arrangements by Share-Based Payment Award, Options, Grants in Period, Weighted Average Exercise Price (in dollars per share)	[1]								$ 1.31
Share-Based Compensation Arrangement by Share-Based Payment Award, Options, Grants in Period, Gross (in shares)	[1],[2]								837,600
Share-Based Compensation Arrangement by Share-Based Payment Award, Options, Expirations in Period (in shares)	[1],[2]								358,500
Share-Based Compensation Arrangements by Share-Based Payment Award, Options, Expirations in Period, Weighted Average Exercise Price (in dollars per share)	[1],[2]								$ 2.1
Share-Based Compensation Arrangements by Share-Based Payment Award, Options, Expirations in Period, Weighted Average Exercise Price (in dollars per share)	[1],[2]								$ 2.1
Share-Based Compensation Arrangement by Share-Based Payment Award, Options, Expirations in Period (in shares)	[1],[2]								358,500
Share-Based Compensation Arrangement by Share-Based Payment Award, Options, Forfeitures in Period (in shares)	[3]								73,312
Shares Granted, Value, Share-Based Payment Arrangement, Forfeited							$ 9,000		$ 50,000
Minimum [Member]
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award, Fair Value Assumptions, Expected Term (Year)									2 years 7 months 17 days
Executives and Key Personnel [Member]
Share-Based Compensation Arrangements by Share-Based Payment Award, Options, Grants in Period, Weighted Average Exercise Price (in dollars per share)					$ 1.59
Share-Based Compensation Arrangement by Share-Based Payment Award, Options, Grants in Period, Gross (in shares)					387,500
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award, Award Requisite Service Period (Year)						1 year
Director [Member]
Share-Based Compensation Arrangement by Share-Based Payment Award, Options, Grants in Period, Gross (in shares)					352,500
Share-Based Compensation Arrangement by Share-Based Payment Award, Options, Expirations in Period (in shares)									25,000
Share-Based Compensation Arrangements by Share-Based Payment Award, Options, Expirations in Period, Weighted Average Exercise Price (in dollars per share)									$ 1.76
Share-Based Compensation Arrangements by Share-Based Payment Award, Options, Expirations in Period, Weighted Average Exercise Price (in dollars per share)									$ 1.76
Share-Based Compensation Arrangement by Share-Based Payment Award, Options, Expirations in Period (in shares)									25,000
Employees [Member]
Share-Based Compensation Arrangement by Share-Based Payment Award, Options, Grants in Period, Gross (in shares)					17,600
Consultant [Member]
Share-Based Compensation Arrangements by Share-Based Payment Award, Options, Grants in Period, Weighted Average Exercise Price (in dollars per share)		$ 1.79
Share-Based Compensation Arrangement by Share-Based Payment Award, Options, Grants in Period, Gross (in shares)		25,000			15,000
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award, Award Vesting Period (Year)		3 years			1 year
Executive And Board Of Directors [Member]
Share-Based Compensation Arrangements by Share-Based Payment Award, Options, Grants in Period, Weighted Average Exercise Price (in dollars per share)			$ 1.84
Executive Officer [Member]
Share-Based Compensation Arrangement by Share-Based Payment Award, Options, Grants in Period, Gross (in shares)			20,000
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award, Award Vesting Period (Year)			4 years
Share-Based Compensation Arrangement by Share-Based Payment Award, Options, Expirations in Period (in shares)									300,000
Share-Based Compensation Arrangements by Share-Based Payment Award, Options, Expirations in Period, Weighted Average Exercise Price (in dollars per share)									$ 1.87
Share-Based Compensation Arrangements by Share-Based Payment Award, Options, Expirations in Period, Weighted Average Exercise Price (in dollars per share)									$ 1.87
Share-Based Compensation Arrangement by Share-Based Payment Award, Options, Expirations in Period (in shares)									300,000
Board of Directors [Member]
Share-Based Compensation Arrangement by Share-Based Payment Award, Options, Grants in Period, Gross (in shares)			20,000
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award, Award Vesting Period (Year)			1 year
Consultant One [Member]
Share-Based Compensation Arrangement by Share-Based Payment Award, Options, Expirations in Period (in shares)									7,500
Share-Based Compensation Arrangements by Share-Based Payment Award, Options, Expirations in Period, Weighted Average Exercise Price (in dollars per share)									$ 5.56
Share-Based Compensation Arrangements by Share-Based Payment Award, Options, Expirations in Period, Weighted Average Exercise Price (in dollars per share)									$ 5.56
Share-Based Compensation Arrangement by Share-Based Payment Award, Options, Expirations in Period (in shares)									7,500
Consultant Two [Member]
Share-Based Compensation Arrangement by Share-Based Payment Award, Options, Expirations in Period (in shares)									25,000
Share-Based Compensation Arrangements by Share-Based Payment Award, Options, Expirations in Period, Weighted Average Exercise Price (in dollars per share)									$ 4.14
Share-Based Compensation Arrangements by Share-Based Payment Award, Options, Expirations in Period, Weighted Average Exercise Price (in dollars per share)									$ 4.14
Share-Based Compensation Arrangement by Share-Based Payment Award, Options, Expirations in Period (in shares)									25,000
Employee [Member]
Share-Based Compensation Arrangement by Share-Based Payment Award, Options, Expirations in Period (in shares)									1,000
Share-Based Compensation Arrangements by Share-Based Payment Award, Options, Expirations in Period, Weighted Average Exercise Price (in dollars per share)									$ 1.55
Share-Based Compensation Arrangements by Share-Based Payment Award, Options, Expirations in Period, Weighted Average Exercise Price (in dollars per share)									$ 1.55
Share-Based Compensation Arrangement by Share-Based Payment Award, Options, Expirations in Period (in shares)									1,000
Former Board of Directors [Member]
Share-Based Compensation Arrangement by Share-Based Payment Award, Options, Forfeitures in Period (in shares)									50,000
Former Chairman of the Board of Directors [Member]
Share-Based Compensation Arrangement by Share-Based Payment Award, Options, Forfeitures in Period (in shares)									13,125
Former Employee [Member]
Share-Based Compensation Arrangement by Share-Based Payment Award, Options, Forfeitures in Period (in shares)									10,187
Share-Based Payment Arrangement, Option [Member] | Director [Member]
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award, Award Vesting Period (Year)						1 year
Share-Based Payment Arrangement, Option [Member] | Employees [Member] | Minimum [Member]
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award, Award Vesting Period (Year)					4 years
Share-Based Payment Arrangement, Option [Member] | Share-based Compensation Award Tranche Two through Five [Member] | Executives and Key Personnel [Member]
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award, Award Vesting Period (Year)						4 years
Restricted Stock Units (RSUs) [Member]
Share-Based Compensation Arrangement by Share-Based Payment Award, Equity Instruments Other than Options, Grants in Period (in shares)	[4]								354,219
Restricted Stock Units (RSUs) [Member] | Executives and Key Personnel [Member]
Share-Based Compensation Arrangement by Share-Based Payment Award, Equity Instruments Other than Options, Grants in Period (in shares)								212,709
Restricted Stock Units (RSUs) [Member] | Director [Member]
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award, Award Vesting Period (Year)					1 year
Share-Based Compensation Arrangement by Share-Based Payment Award, Equity Instruments Other than Options, Grants in Period (in shares)					141,510				174,837
Restricted Stock Units (RSUs) [Member] | Executive Officer [Member]
Share-Based Compensation Arrangement by Share-Based Payment Award, Equity Instruments Other than Options, Grants in Period (in shares)				212,709
Restricted Stock Units (RSUs) [Member] | Contractor [Member]
Share-Based Compensation Arrangement by Share-Based Payment Award, Equity Instruments Other than Options, Grants in Period (in shares)									50,000
The 2011 Plan [Member]
Common Stock, Capital Shares Reserved for Future Issuance (in shares)											3,000,000
Share-Based Compensation Arrangement by Share-Based Payment Award, Options, Outstanding, Number (in shares)							5,845,035		5,845,035	5,469,247
Share-Based Compensation Arrangement by Share-Based Payment Award, Non-Option Equity Instruments, Outstanding, Number (in shares)							117,925		117,925	243,044
Share-Based Compensation Arrangement by Share-Based Payment Award, Number of Shares Available for Grant (in shares)							2,025,191		2,025,191	2,773,406
The 2011 Plan [Member] | Share-Based Payment Arrangement, Option [Member]
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award, Expiration Period (Year)										10 years
The 2011 Plan [Member] | Share-Based Payment Arrangement, Option [Member] | Share-Based Payment Arrangement, Tranche One [Member]
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award, Expiration Period (Year)									2 years
The 2011 Plan [Member] | Share-Based Payment Arrangement, Option [Member] | Share-Based Payment Arrangement, Tranche One [Member] | Contractor [Member]
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award, Fair Value Assumptions, Expected Term (Year)									2 years
The 2011 Plan [Member] | Share-Based Payment Arrangement, Option [Member] | Share-Based Payment Arrangement, Tranche One [Member] | Chief Executive Officer [Member]
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award, Fair Value Assumptions, Expected Term (Year)									5 years
The 2011 Plan [Member] | Share-Based Payment Arrangement, Option [Member] | Share-Based Payment Arrangement, Tranche Two [Member]
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award, Expiration Period (Year)									5 years
The 2011 Plan [Member] | Share-Based Payment Arrangement, Option [Member] | Share-Based Payment Arrangement, Tranche Two [Member] | Contractor [Member]
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award, Fair Value Assumptions, Expected Term (Year)									5 years
The 2011 Plan [Member] | Share-Based Payment Arrangement, Option [Member] | Share-Based Payment Arrangement, Tranche Two [Member] | Chief Executive Officer [Member]
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award, Fair Value Assumptions, Expected Term (Year)									10 years
[1]Represents the following options expired: (a) 300,000 stock options with an exercise price of $1.87 per share granted to an executive, (b) 25,000 stock options with an exercise price of $1.76 per share granted to a member of the Board of Directors, (c) 7,500 stock options with an exercise price of $5.56 per share granted to a consultant, (d) 25,000 stock options with an exercise price of $4.14 per share granted to a consultant, and (e) 1,000 stock options with an exercise price of $1.55 per share granted to an employee.[2]Represents the following options granted: • Annual share-based compensation awards on January 2, 2024, with an exercise price of $1.59, including: (a) 387,500 stock options granted to executives and key personnel, vesting upon one year anniversary, or annually in equal installments over four years, (b) 352,500 stock options granted to members of the Board of Directors, vesting upon one year anniversary, (c) 17,600 stock options granted to employees, vesting annually in equal installments over four years, and (d)15,000 stock options granted to a consultant, vesting upon one year anniversary. • One-time awards on April 11, 2024, with an exercise price of $1.84, including 20,000 stock options granted to an executive, vesting annually in equal installments over four years, and 20,000 stock options granted to a member of the Board of Directors, vesting upon one year anniversary. • One-time awards on September 23, 2024, 25,000 stock option granted to a consultant with an exercise price of $1.79, vesting in three months.[3]Represents the following options canceled: (a) 50,000 stock options granted to a former Board of Directors, (b) 13,125 stock options granted to the Company's former Chairman of the Board of Directors, and (c) 10,187 stock options granted to the Company's former employee.[4]On March 13, 2024, the Company granted 212,709 RSUs with immediate vesting, to executives and key personnel in lieu of cash bonuses earned for the year ended 2023. On January 2, 2024, the Company granted 141,510 RSUs, vesting upon one year anniversary of the grant, to the Board of Directors. The fair value of the common stock is the Company's closing stock price on the grant date as reported on the Nasdaq Stock Exchange.

Note 6 - Share-based Compensa_4

Note 6 - Share-based Compensation - Black-Scholes Options Pricing Model (Details)	9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2024
Risk-Free interest rate, minimum	3.56%
Risk-Free interest rate, maximum	4.61%
Minimum [Member]
Expected stock price volatility, minimum	63.02%
Expected life of options (Year)	2 years 7 months 17 days
Maximum [Member]
Expected stock price volatility, maximum	63.64%
Expected life of options (Year)	6 years 3 months

Note 6 - Share-based Compensa_5

Note 6 - Share-based Compensation - Stock Option Activity (Details) - USD ($)			9 Months Ended
		Jan. 01, 2024	Sep. 30, 2024
Outstanding at December 31, 2023 (in shares)		5,469,247	5,469,247
Outstanding at December 31, 2023 (in dollars per share)		$ 3.08	$ 3.08
Outstanding at December 31, 2023 (Year)		5 years 7 months 28 days	5 years 6 months 25 days
Outstanding at December 31, 2023		$ 322,738	$ 3,500
Granted (1) (in shares)	[1],[2]		837,600
Granted (1) (in dollars per share)	[1]		$ 1.31
Exercised (in shares)			(30,000)
Exercised (in dollars per share)			$ 1.36
Expired (2) (in shares)	[1],[2]		(358,500)
Share-Based Compensation Arrangements by Share-Based Payment Award, Options, Expirations in Period, Weighted Average Exercise Price (in dollars per share)	[1],[2]		$ 2.1
Canceled (3) (in shares)	[3]		(73,312)
Canceled (3) (in dollars per share)	[3]		$ 1.73
Outstanding at September 30, 2024 (in shares)			5,845,035
Outstanding at September 30, 2024 (in dollars per share)			$ 2.96
Exercisable at September 30, 2024 (in shares)			4,458,123
Exercisable at September 30, 2024 (in dollars per share)			$ 3.19
Exercisable at September 30, 2024 (Year)			4 years 7 months 17 days
Exercisable at September 30, 2024			$ 3,500
[1]Represents the following options expired: (a) 300,000 stock options with an exercise price of $1.87 per share granted to an executive, (b) 25,000 stock options with an exercise price of $1.76 per share granted to a member of the Board of Directors, (c) 7,500 stock options with an exercise price of $5.56 per share granted to a consultant, (d) 25,000 stock options with an exercise price of $4.14 per share granted to a consultant, and (e) 1,000 stock options with an exercise price of $1.55 per share granted to an employee.[2]Represents the following options granted: • Annual share-based compensation awards on January 2, 2024, with an exercise price of $1.59, including: (a) 387,500 stock options granted to executives and key personnel, vesting upon one year anniversary, or annually in equal installments over four years, (b) 352,500 stock options granted to members of the Board of Directors, vesting upon one year anniversary, (c) 17,600 stock options granted to employees, vesting annually in equal installments over four years, and (d)15,000 stock options granted to a consultant, vesting upon one year anniversary. • One-time awards on April 11, 2024, with an exercise price of $1.84, including 20,000 stock options granted to an executive, vesting annually in equal installments over four years, and 20,000 stock options granted to a member of the Board of Directors, vesting upon one year anniversary. • One-time awards on September 23, 2024, 25,000 stock option granted to a consultant with an exercise price of $1.79, vesting in three months.[3]Represents the following options canceled: (a) 50,000 stock options granted to a former Board of Directors, (b) 13,125 stock options granted to the Company's former Chairman of the Board of Directors, and (c) 10,187 stock options granted to the Company's former employee.

Note 6 - Share-based Compensa_6

Note 6 - Share-based Compensation - Restricted Stock Units (Details) - Restricted Stock Units (RSUs) [Member]	9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2024 $ / shares shares
Outstanding, Balance, RSU (in shares) | shares	213,044
Outstanding, Weighted-average Grant Date Fair Value (in dollars per share) | $ / shares	$ 1.43
Granted, RSU (in shares) | shares	354,219	[1]
Granted, Weighted-average Grant Date Fair Value (in dollars per share) | $ / shares	$ 1.6	[1]
Vested, RSU (in shares) | shares	(437,546)	[2]
Vested, Weighted-average Grant Date Fair Value (in dollars per share) | $ / shares	$ 1.52	[2]
Unvested shares forfeited(3) (in shares) | shares	(11,792)	[3]
Unvested shares forfeited(3) (in dollars per share) | $ / shares	$ 1.59
Outstanding, Balance, RSU (in shares) | shares	117,925
Outstanding, Weighted-average Grant Date Fair Value (in dollars per share) | $ / shares	$ 1.59
[1]On March 13, 2024, the Company granted 212,709 RSUs with immediate vesting, to executives and key personnel in lieu of cash bonuses earned for the year ended 2023. On January 2, 2024, the Company granted 141,510 RSUs, vesting upon one year anniversary of the grant, to the Board of Directors. The fair value of the common stock is the Company's closing stock price on the grant date as reported on the Nasdaq Stock Exchange.[2]Represents 212,709 RSUs granted to executives and key personnel, 174,837 RSUs granted to the Board of Directors, and 50,000 RSUs granted to a contractor.[3]Represents the cancellation of RSUs granted to a former member of the Board of Directors.

Note 6 - Share-based Compensa_7

Note 6 - Share-based Compensation - Noncash Stock Option Compensation (Details) - USD ($)	3 Months Ended		9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2024	Sep. 30, 2023	Sep. 30, 2024	Sep. 30, 2023
Stock-based compensation	$ 247,390	$ 281,307	$ 851,471	$ 946,262
Share based compensation expense - stock option	247,390	281,307	851,471	946,262
Share-Based Payment Arrangement, Option [Member]
Stock-based compensation	200,387	224,749	634,194	779,663
Share based compensation expense - stock option	200,387	224,749	634,194	779,663
Restricted Stock Units (RSUs) [Member]
Stock-based compensation	47,003	56,558	217,277	166,599
Share based compensation expense - stock option	47,003	56,558	217,277	166,599
General and Administrative Expense [Member]
Stock-based compensation	(235,024)	(270,672)	(814,430)	(913,804)
Share based compensation expense - stock option	(235,024)	(270,672)	(814,430)	(913,804)
Research and Development Expense [Member]
Stock-based compensation	12,366	10,635	37,041	32,458
Share based compensation expense - stock option	$ 12,366	$ 10,635	$ 37,041	$ 32,458

Note 7 - Shareholders' Equity (

Note 7 - Shareholders' Equity (Details Textual) - USD ($)	3 Months Ended				9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2024	Jun. 30, 2024	Mar. 31, 2024	Mar. 31, 2023	Sep. 30, 2024	Sep. 30, 2023	Dec. 31, 2023
Stock Issued During Period, Shares, Conversion of Convertible Securities (in shares)					335,195
Share-Based Compensation Arrangement by Share-Based Payment Award, Options, Exercises in Period (in shares)					30,000
Treasury Stock, Common, Shares (in shares)	12,253,502				12,253,502		12,253,502
Treasury Stock, Value	$ 18,929,915				$ 18,929,915		$ 18,929,915
Common Stock [Member]
Stock Issued During Period, Shares, New Issues (in shares)					778,310
Share-based Compensation Arrangements by Share-based Payment Award, Other than Options, Grants in Period, Weighted Average Exercise Price (in dollars per share)	$ 1.63				$ 1.63	$ 1.38
Stock Issued During Period, Shares, Conversion of Convertible Securities (in shares)	111,732	223,463
Stock Issued During Period, Shares, Restricted Stock Award, Net of Forfeitures (in shares)		61,793	375,753	247,961	437,546	247,961
Share-Based Compensation Arrangement by Share-Based Payment Award, Options, Exercises in Period (in shares)		5,569			5,569