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UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
Washington D.C. 20549
FORM 10-Q
(Mark One)
x | QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934 |
For the quarterly period ended March 30, 2008
OR
¨ | TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934 |
For the Transition Period from to
Commission File Number: 0-51532
IKANOS COMMUNICATIONS, INC.
(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)
Delaware | 73-1721486 | |
(State or other jurisdiction of incorporation or organization) | (I.R.S. Employer Identification No.) |
47669 Fremont Boulevard
Fremont, CA 94538
(Address of principal executive office and zip code)
(510) 979-0400
(Registrant’s telephone number including area code)
Indicate by check mark whether registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) had been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes x No ¨
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, or a smaller reporting company. See definition of “accelerated filer, large accelerated filer and smaller reporting company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act (check one):
Large accelerated filer ¨ | Accelerated filer x | Non-accelerated filer ¨ | Smaller reporting company ¨ | |||
(Do not check if a smaller reporting company) |
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act). Yes ¨ No x
The number of shares outstanding of the Registrant’s Common Stock, $ 0.001 par value, was 29,722,235 as of April 23, 2008.
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IKANOS COMMUNICATIONS, INC.
FORM 10-Q
Page No. | ||||
PART I: | ||||
Item 1. | 2 | |||
Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets as of March 30, 2008 and December 30, 2007 | 2 | |||
3 | ||||
4 | ||||
Notes to Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements | 5 | |||
Item 2. | Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations | 15 | ||
Item 3. | 20 | |||
Item 4. | 21 | |||
PART II: | OTHER INFORMATION | |||
Item 1. | Legal Proceedings | |||
Item 1A. | 22 | |||
Item 2. | 34 | |||
Item 6. | 34 | |||
34 |
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Item 1. | Financial Statements |
IKANOS COMMUNICATIONS, INC.
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS
(In thousands and unaudited)
March 30, 2008 | December 30, 2007 | ||||
Assets | |||||
Current assets: | |||||
Cash and cash equivalents | $ | 59,129 | $ 65,126 | ||
Short-term investments | 15,969 | 18,846 | |||
Accounts receivable, net of allowances of $39 and $64, respectively | 14,464 | 17,081 | |||
Inventories | 11,878 | 13,025 | |||
Prepaid expenses and other current assets | 2,973 | 3,192 | |||
Total current assets | 104,413 | 117,270 | |||
Long-term investments | 6,606 | 7,001 | |||
Property and equipment, net | 13,400 | 13,916 | |||
Intangible assets, net | 11,739 | 6,564 | |||
Goodwill | 6,520 | 6,247 | |||
Other assets | 2,614 | 2,158 | |||
$ | 145,292 | $153,156 | |||
Liabilities and Stockholders’ Equity | |||||
Current liabilities: | |||||
Accounts payable | $ | 9,097 | $ 12,852 | ||
Accrued liabilities | 13,635 | 15,371 | |||
Total current liabilities | 22,732 | 28,223 | |||
Commitments and contingencies (Note 9) | |||||
Stockholders’ equity | 122,560 | 124,933 | |||
$ | 145,292 | $153,156 | |||
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements.
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IKANOS COMMUNICATIONS, INC.
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS
(In thousands, except per share data, and unaudited)
Three Months Ended | ||||||||
March 30, 2008 | April 1, 2007 | |||||||
Revenue | $ | 29,697 | $ | 24,668 | ||||
Cost of revenue (1) | 17,633 | 15,256 | ||||||
Gross margin | 12,064 | 9,412 | ||||||
Operating expenses: | ||||||||
Research and development (2) | 11,663 | 12,611 | ||||||
Selling, general and administrative (3) | 5,870 | 7,114 | ||||||
Total operating expenses | 17,533 | 19,725 | ||||||
Loss from operations | (5,469 | ) | (10,313 | ) | ||||
Interest income, net | 776 | 1,281 | ||||||
Loss before provision for income taxes | (4,693 | ) | (9,032 | ) | ||||
Provision for income taxes | 91 | 52 | ||||||
Net loss | $ | (4,784 | ) | $ | (9,084 | ) | ||
Basic and diluted net loss per share | $ | (0.16 | ) | $ | (0.32 | ) | ||
Weighted average number of shares | 29,545 | 28,014 | ||||||
| ||||||||
Includes stock-based compensation expense as follows: | ||||||||
(1) Cost of revenue | $ | 119 | $ | 25 | ||||
(2) Research and development | 1,571 | 1,825 | ||||||
(3) Selling, general and administrative | 1,125 | 1,477 |
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements.
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IKANOS COMMUNICATIONS, INC.
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS
(In thousands and unaudited)
Three Months Ended | ||||||||
March 30, 2008 | April 1, 2007 | |||||||
Cash flows from operating activities: | ||||||||
Net loss | $ | (4,784 | ) | $ | (9,084 | ) | ||
Adjustments to reconcile net loss to net cash provided (used) by operating activities: | ||||||||
Depreciation and amortization | 1,561 | 1,844 | ||||||
Stock-based compensation expense | 2,815 | 3,327 | ||||||
Amortization of intangible assets and acquired technology | 1,845 | 1,180 | ||||||
Purchased in-process research and development | 310 | — | ||||||
Changes in assets and liabilities, net of effect of acquisitions: | ||||||||
Accounts receivable | 2,617 | 823 | ||||||
Inventories | 4,875 | 2,163 | ||||||
Prepaid expenses and other assets | (237 | ) | (2,118 | ) | ||||
Accounts payable and accrued liabilities | (6,038 | ) | (4,321 | ) | ||||
Net cash provided (used) by operating activities | 2,964 | (6,186 | ) | |||||
Cash flows from investing activities: | ||||||||
Purchases of property and equipment | (253 | ) | (1,623 | ) | ||||
Purchases of investments | (108,167 | ) | (20,856 | ) | ||||
Maturities and sales of investments | 111,155 | 22,752 | ||||||
Acquisitions | (11,918 | ) | — | |||||
Net cash provided (used) by investing activities | (9,183 | ) | 273 | |||||
Cash flows from financing activities: | ||||||||
Net proceeds from issuances of common stock and exercise of stock options | 222 | 403 | ||||||
Payments of obligations under capital lease | — | (203 | ) | |||||
Collection of notes receivable from stockholder | — | 19 | ||||||
Net cash provided by financing activities | 222 | 219 | ||||||
Net decrease in cash and cash equivalents | (5,997 | ) | (5,694 | ) | ||||
Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of period | 65,126 | 49,329 | ||||||
Cash and cash equivalents at end of period | $ | 59,129 | $ | 43,635 | ||||
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements.
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NOTES TO UNAUDITED CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
Note 1. Ikanos and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies
The Company
Ikanos Communications, Inc. (Ikanos or the Company) was incorporated in the State of California in April 1999 and reincorporated in the State of Delaware in September 2005. The Company is a provider of silicon and software for interactive triple-play broadband. The Company develops and markets end-to-end solutions for the last mile and the digital home, which enable carriers to offer enhanced triple play services, including voice, video and data. The Company has developed programmable, scalable chip architectures, which form the foundation for deploying and delivering triple play services. Flexible network processor architecture with wire-speed packet processing capabilities enables high-performance residential gateways for distributing advanced services in the home. These solutions thus support carriers’ triple play deployment plans to the digital home while keeping their capital and operating expenditures low and have been deployed by carriers in Asia, Europe and North America.
The Company’s fiscal year ends on the Sunday closest to December 31. The Company’s fiscal quarters end on the Sunday closest to the end of the applicable calendar quarter, except in a 53-week fiscal year, in which case the additional week falls into the fourth quarter of that fiscal year.
Basis of Presentation
The accompanying unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements include the accounts of the Company and all of its wholly owned subsidiaries. All intercompany transactions and balances have been eliminated in consolidation.
The accompanying unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements have been prepared without audit in accordance with the rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission (the SEC). Certain information and disclosures normally included in financial statements prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States (GAAP) have been condensed or omitted in accordance with these rules and regulations. The information in this report should be read in conjunction with our audited financial statements and notes thereto included in our Annual Report on Form 10-K filed with the SEC on February 22, 2008.
In the opinion of management, the accompanying unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements reflect all adjustments (consisting only of normal recurring adjustments) necessary to state fairly our financial position, results of operations and cash flows for the interim periods presented. The operating results for the three month period ended March 30, 2008 are not necessarily indicative of the results that may be expected for the year ending December 28, 2008 or for any other future period.
Use of Estimates
The preparation of the Company’s consolidated financial statements in conformity with GAAP requires management to make certain estimates, judgments and assumptions. The Company believes that the estimates, judgments and assumptions upon which it relies are reasonable based upon information available to it at the time that these estimates, judgments and assumptions are made. These estimates, judgments and assumptions can affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities as of the date of the financial statements as well as the reported amounts of revenue and expenses during the periods presented. To the extent there are material differences between these estimates and actual results, the Company’s financial statements would have been affected. In many cases, the accounting treatment of a particular transaction is specifically dictated by GAAP and does not require management’s judgment in its application. There are also areas in which management’s judgment in selecting any available alternative would not produce a materially different result.
Summary of Significant Accounting Policies
Our significant accounting policies were described in Note 1 to our audited Consolidated Financial Statements for the fiscal year ended December 30, 2007, included in our Annual Report on Form 10-K. These accounting policies have not significantly changed with the exception of those discussed below.
Recent Accounting Pronouncements
In September 2006, Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB) issued Statement of Financial Accounting Standards No. (SFAS) 157,Fair Value Measurements, which defines fair value, provides a framework for measuring fair value, and expands the disclosures required for fair value measurements. SFAS 157 applies to other accounting pronouncements that require fair value measurements; it does not require any new fair value measurements. The Company was required to apply the provisions of SFAS 157 beginning in 2008. In February 2008, the FASB released a FASB Staff Position (FSP FAS 157-2— Effective Date of FASB Statement No. 157) which delays the effective date of SFAS 157 for all nonfinancial assets and nonfinancial liabilities, except those that are recognized or disclosed at fair value in the financial statements on a recurring basis (at least annually) to fiscal years beginning after November 15, 2008. The partial adoption of SFAS 157 for financial assets and liabilities did not have a material impact on our condensed consolidated financial position, results of operations or cash flows. See Note 3. Investments and Fair Value Measurements.
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In February 2007, the FASB issued SFAS 159,the Fair Value Option for Financial Assets and Financial Liabilities,which expands the standards under SFAS 157 to provide the one-time election (Fair Value Option) to measure financial instruments and certain other items at fair value and also includes an amendment of SFAS 115,Accounting for Certain Investments in Debt and Equity Securities. SFAS 159 became effective for the Company beginning in 2008. The Company currently does not have any instruments eligible for election of the fair value option. Therefore, the adoption of SFAS 159 in the first quarter of fiscal 2008 did not impact the Company’s consolidated financial position, results of operations or cash flows.
In June 2007, the FASB ratified Emerging Issues Task Force (EITF) 07-3, Accounting for Nonrefundable Advance Payments for Goods or Services to Be Used in Future Research and Development Activities. This issue provides that nonrefundable advance payments for goods or services that will be used or rendered for future research and development activities should be deferred and capitalized. Such amounts should be recognized as an expense as the related goods are delivered or the related services are performed. EITF 07-3 was effective for the Company beginning in 2008. The adoption of this EITF did not have a material impact on the Company’s consolidated financial position, results of operations or cash flows.
In December 2007, the FASB issued SFAS 141 (revised 2007),Business Combinations, which establishes principles and requirements for how an acquirer recognizes and measures in its financial statements the identifiable assets acquired, the liabilities assumed, and any noncontrolling interest in the acquiree in a business combination. SFAS 141R also establishes principles around how goodwill acquired in a business combination or a gain from a bargain purchase should be recognized and measured, as well as provides guidelines on the disclosure requirements on the nature and financial impact of the business combination. SFAS 141R will be effective for the Company beginning in 2009. The adoption of SFAS 141R is not expected to have a material effect on the Company’s consolidated statements of financial position, operations or cash flows.
In December 2007, the FASB issued SFAS 160,Noncontrolling Interests in Consolidated Financial Statements - an amendment of ARB No. 51.This statement amends ARB 51 to establish accounting and reporting standards for the noncontrolling interest in a subsidiary and for the deconsolidation of a subsidiary. It clarifies that a noncontrolling interest in a subsidiary is an ownership interest in the consolidated entity that should be reported as equity in the consolidated financial statements. It requires consolidated net income to be reported at amounts that include the amounts attributable to both the parent and the noncontrolling interest. This statement establishes a single method of accounting for changes in a parent's ownership interest in a subsidiary that do not result in deconsolidation. SFAS 160 will be effective for the Company beginning in 2009. The adoption of SFAS 160 is not expected to have a material effect on the Company’s consolidated statements of financial position, operations or cash flows.
Concentration of Credit Risk
Financial instruments that potentially subject the Company to significant concentrations of credit risk consist of cash, cash equivalents, investments and accounts receivable. Cash, cash equivalents and investments are held with a limited number of financial institutions. Deposits held with these financial institutions may exceed the amount of insurance provided on such deposits. Management believes that the financial institutions that hold the Company’s investments are credit worthy and, accordingly, minimal credit risk exists with respect to those investments. Short-term investments include a diversified portfolio of commercial paper and government agency bonds. Long-term investments are comprised of auction rate securities. All investments are classified as available-for-sale. The Company does not hold or issue financial instruments for trading purposes.
Credit risk with respect to accounts receivable is concentrated due to the number of large orders recorded in any particular reporting period. Four customers represented 34%, 18%, 16% and 10% of accounts receivable at March 30, 2008. Three customers represented 28%, 18% and 14% of accounts receivable at December 30, 2007. Five customers accounted for 21%, 20%, 19%, 18% and 12% of revenue for the period ended March 30, 2008. Three customers accounted for 31%, 24% and 11% of revenue for the three months ended April 1, 2007.
Concentration of Suppliers
The Company subcontracts all of the manufacture, assembly and tests of its products to third-parties located primarily in Asia. As a result of this geographic concentration, a disruption in the manufacturing process resulting from a natural disaster or other unforeseen event could have a material adverse effect on the Company’s financial position and results of operations. Additionally, a small number of sources manufacture, assemble and test the Company’s products, with which the Company has no long-term contracts. Also, each product generally has only one foundry and one assembly and test provider. An inability to obtain these products and services in the amounts needed and on a timely basis or at commercially reasonable prices could results in delays in product introductions, interruptions in product shipments or increases in product costs, which could have a material adverse effect on the Company’s financial position and result of operations.
Concentration of Other Risk
The semiconductor industry is characterized by rapid technological change, competitive pricing pressures and cyclical market patterns. The Company’s results of operations are affected by a wide variety of factors, including general economic conditions; economic conditions specific to the semiconductor industry; demand for the Company’s products; the timely introduction of new products; implementation of new manufacturing technologies; manufacturing capacity; the availability of materials and supplies; competition; the ability to safeguard patents and
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intellectual property in a rapidly evolving market; and reliance on assembly and wafer fabrication subcontractors and on independent distributors and sales representatives. As a result, the Company may experience substantial period-to-period fluctuations in future periods due to the factors mentioned above, factors described in the section titled “Item 1A. Risk Factors,” or other factors.
Comprehensive Loss
Comprehensive loss is defined as the change in equity of a business during a period from transactions and other events and circumstances from non-owner sources. The components of comprehensive loss are as follows (in thousands):
Three Months Ended | ||||||||
March 30, 2008 | April 1, 2007 | |||||||
Net loss | $ | (4,784 | ) | $ | (9,084 | ) | ||
Other comprehensive income–unrealized gain (loss) on marketable securities | (284 | ) | 52 | |||||
Comprehensive loss | $ | (5,068 | ) | $ | (9,032 | ) | ||
Net Loss per Share
Under the provisions of SFAS 128,Earnings per Share, basic net loss per share is computed using the weighted-average number of common shares outstanding during the period. Potentially dilutive securities have been excluded from the computation of diluted net loss per share if their inclusion is anti-dilutive. The calculation of basic and diluted net loss per share is as follows (in thousands, except per share amounts):
Three Months Ended | ||||||||
March 30, 2008 | April 1, 2007 | |||||||
Net loss | $ | (4,784 | ) | $ | (9,084 | ) | ||
Weighted average shares outstanding | 29,545 | 28,043 | ||||||
Weighted average unvested shares of common stock subject to repurchase | — | (29 | ) | |||||
Total shares - basic and diluted | 29,545 | 28,014 | ||||||
Basic and diluted net loss per share | $ | (0.16 | ) | $ | (0.32 | ) | ||
The following potential common shares have been excluded from the calculation of diluted net loss per share as their effect would have been anti-dilutive (in thousands):
Three Months Ended | ||||
March 30, 2008 | April 1, 2007 | |||
Anti-dilutive securities: | ||||
Warrants to purchase common stock | — | 2 | ||
Weighted average restricted stock units | 1,468 | 1,096 | ||
Weighted average options to purchase common stock | 2,185 | 3,116 | ||
3,653 | 4,214 | |||
Note 2. Business Combinations
Centillium DSL Acquisition
In February 2008, the Company purchased certain DSL technology and related assets from Centillium Communications, Inc. for $11.9 million in cash, including $0.1 million in transaction costs and the assumption of liabilities of $0.2 million. The results of operations from the assets acquired in the Centillium DSL acquisition have been included in the Company’s consolidated statement of operations from the date of the acquisition.
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The acquisition was accounted for as a purchase business combination. Under the purchase method of accounting, the total estimated purchase price as shown in the table has been allocated to the net tangible and intangible assets acquired based on their estimated fair values as of the date of the acquisition. The allocation of the purchase price for this acquisition as of the date of closing is as follows (in thousands):
Acquired intangible assets: | ||||
Existing technology | $ | 3,650 | ||
Customer relationships | 2,660 | |||
Order backlog | 710 | |||
Goodwill | 273 | |||
Purchased in-process research and development (IPR&D) | 310 | |||
Total acquired intangible assets | 7,603 | |||
Tangible assets acquired | 4,520 | |||
Assumed liabilities | (205 | ) | ||
$ | 11,918 | |||
Tangible assets acquired of $4.5 million consisted primarily of inventory and fixed assets and were assigned a fair value as of the date of acquisition based on the expected selling price and replacement value, respectively. As discussed further below, the identified intangible assets acquired were assigned fair values in accordance with the guidelines established in SFAS 141, Business Combinations, FASB Interpretation (FIN) 4,Applicability of FASB Statement No. 2 to Business Combinations Accounted for by the Purchase Method and other relevant guidance. The Company believes that these identified intangible assets have no residual value.
Acquired Intangible Assets
Existing technology: Existing technology comprises products that have reached technological feasibility. The Company valued the existing technology using the income approach and a discounted cash flow (DCF) model, which uses forecasts of future revenue and expense related to the intangible asset. The Company utilized a discount rate of 28% for existing technology and is amortizing the intangible assets on a straight-line basis over its estimated useful life of two years.
Customer Relationships: The customer relationships asset relates to the ability to sell existing and future versions of products to existing customers and has been estimated using the income method. The Company valued customer relationships utilizing a DCF model and a discount rate of 30% and is amortizing this intangible asset on a straight-line basis over its estimated useful life of three years.
Order Backlog: The order backlog asset represents the value of the sales and marketing costs required to establish the order backlog and was valued using the income approach and a DCF model with a discount rate of 26%. The order backlog has an estimated useful life of six months.
Purchased IPR&D: IPR&D of $0.3 million was recorded as research and development expense for the three months ended March 30, 2008, in accordance with FIN 4. Projects that qualify as IPR&D represent those that have not yet reached technological feasibility and which have no alternative future use. There was one IPR&D project as of the acquisition date and it has been discontinued as of March 30, 2008. The Company valued the IPR&D using the income approach and a DCF model with a discount rate of 32%.
Pro forma Financial Information
The following unaudited pro forma financial information presents the combined results of operations of the Company and the stand alone DSL business of Centillium had the acquisition occurred as of the beginning of fiscal 2007, after giving effect to certain adjustments, including amortization of Centillium DSL acquisition-related intangibles. The operating results for the period from January 1, 2008 to February 13, 2008 (date of close) related to the Centillium DSL business were not readily available and were not considered practical to obtain. The unaudited pro forma financial information does not necessarily reflect the results of operations that would have occurred had the combined businesses constituted a single entity during such period, and is not necessarily indicative of results which may be obtained in the future (in thousands, except per share amounts):
Year Ended December 30, 2007 | ||||
Pro forma total revenue | $ | 131,467 | ||
Pro forma net loss | (39,464 | ) | ||
Pro forma net loss per share – basic and diluted | (1.38 | ) | ||
Pro forma weighted average basic and diluted shares | 28,626 |
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Note 3. Investments and Fair Value Measurements
The following is a summary of the Company’s short-term investments (in thousands):
March 30, 2008 | |||||||||||||
Cost | Gross Unrealized Gains | Gross Unrealized Losses | Estimated Fair Value | ||||||||||
U.S. government agencies | $ | 3,500 | $ | 21 | $ | — | $ | 3,521 | |||||
Corporate bonds and notes | 12,277 | 171 | — | 12,448 | |||||||||
Total short-term investments | $ | 15,777 | $ | 192 | $ | — | $ | 15,969 | |||||
Long-term investments - auction rate securities | $ | 7,200 | $ | — | $ | (594 | ) | $ | 6,606 | ||||
December 30, 2007 | |||||||||||||
Cost | Gross Unrealized Gains | Gross Unrealized Losses | Estimated Fair Value | ||||||||||
U.S. treasury and other U.S. government agencies | $ | 8,496 | $ | 14 | $ | — | $ | 8,510 | |||||
Corporate bonds and notes | 10,269 | 67 | — | 10,336 | |||||||||
Total short-term investments | $ | 18,765 | $ | 81 | $ | — | $ | 18,846 | |||||
Long-term investments - auction rate securities | $ | 7,200 | $ | — | $ | (199 | ) | $ | 7,001 | ||||
The Company’s marketable securities are classified as available-for-sale as of the balance sheet date and are reported at fair value with unrealized gains and losses reported as a separate component of accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) in stockholders’ equity, net of tax. Realized gains and losses and permanent declines in value, if any, on available-for-sale securities are reported in other income or expense as incurred. Estimated fair values were determined for each individual security in the investment portfolio. The declines in value of these investments are primarily related to changes in interest rates and are considered to be temporary in nature.
A portion of the Company’s available-for-sale U.S. government agencies and corporate bonds and notes have maturity dates greater than one year from the date of purchase. Even though the stated maturity dates of these investments may be one year or more beyond the balance sheet dates, the Company has classified these securities as short-term investments. In accordance with Accounting Research Bulletin No. 43, Chapter 3A,Working Capital- Current Assets and Current Liabilities, the Company views its available-for-sale portfolio as available for use in its current operations. Based upon historical experience in the financial markets as well as the Company’s specific experience with these investments, the Company believes there is a reasonable expectation that the investments will be realized in cash or sold during the next year.
A portion of the Company’s available-for-sale portfolio is composed of auction rate securities. Beginning in the third quarter of 2007, $7.2 million of auction rate securities failed to sell at auction and are classified as long-term investments because the Company cannot determine whether a successful auction will occur in the next twelve months. The funds related to these securities will not be available until a successful auction occurs, a buyer is found outside of the auction process or the underlying securities have matured (beginning in 2024). In accordance with SFAS 115, the Company has recorded an unrealized holding loss of $0.6 million within accumulated other comprehensive loss as a separate component of stockholders’ equity as it believes that the impairment is temporary and that it has the intent and ability to hold the securities until a successful auction occurs.
Fair Value Measurements
SFAS 157 clarifies that fair value is an exit price, representing the amount that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants. As such, fair value is a market-based measurement that should be determined based on assumptions that market participants would use in pricing an asset or liability. As a basis for considering such assumptions, SFAS 157 establishes a three-tier value hierarchy, which prioritizes the inputs used in measuring fair value as follows: observable inputs such as quoted prices in active markets (Level 1); inputs other than the quoted prices in active markets that are observable either directly or indirectly (Level 2); and unobservable inputs in which there is little or no market data, which require the Company to develop its own assumptions (Level 3). This hierarchy requires the Company to use observable market data, when available, and to minimize the use of unobservable inputs when determining fair value. On a recurring basis, the Company measures certain financial assets, mainly comprised of marketable securities, at fair value.
The Company’s cash and investment instruments are classified within all three levels of the fair value hierarchy. The types of Level 1 instruments, valued based on quoted market prices in active markets, include money market securities. Level 2 types of instruments, valued based on other observable inputs, include investment-grade U.S. government agencies, commercial paper and corporate bonds and notes. Level
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3 types of instruments, valued based on unobservable inputs in which there is little or no market data, which require the Company to develop its own assumptions, include auction rate securities. The fair value hierarchy of our marketable securities as of March 30, 2008 is (in thousands):
Fair Value Measurements at Reporting Date Using | ||||||||
Level 1 | Level 2 | Level 3 | Total | |||||
Money market funds (1) | $12,766 | $ — | $ — | $12,766 | ||||
Commercial paper (1) | — | 27,612 | — | 27,612 | ||||
U.S. government agencies (2) | — | 19,511 | — | 19,511 | ||||
Corporate bonds and notes | — | 12,448 | — | 12,448 | ||||
Auction rate securities | — | — | 6,606 | 6,606 | ||||
$12,766 | $59,571 | $6,606 | $78,943 | |||||
(1) | These marketable securities are classified as cash equivalents. |
(2) | U.S. government agencies include $16 million in marketable securities classified as cash equivalents. |
The Company valued the auction rate securities using a discounted cash flow model. Assumptions used in valuing each of the auction rate securities include an estimated maturity date of four years, the stated coupon rate and an estimated discount rate. The Company estimated the maturity date based on how long it took past events to resolve in the market place, such as the 1998 failure of Long-Term Capital Management and also current events such as the possible U.S. recession. The discount rate is an estimate of what the Company believes the security must be discounted to in order to sell today. It is based on a number of factors, including the credit rating of the issuer and the insurance provider for the security. No amounts have been included in our results as of March 30, 2008. Changes in our Level 3 securities for the three months ended march 30, 2008 are as follows:
Level 3 | ||||
Balance at December 30, 2007 | $ | 7,001 | ||
Total gains or losses (realized/unrealized) | ||||
Included in earnings | — | |||
Included in other comprehensive income | (395 | ) | ||
Purchases, issuances, and settlements | — | |||
Transfers in and/or out of Level 3 | — | |||
Balance at March 30, 2008 | $ | 6,606 | ||
Note 4. Inventories
Inventories consisted of the following (in thousands):
March 30, 2008 | December 30, 2007 | |||||
Finished goods | $ | 5,569 | $ | 3,966 | ||
Work-in-process | 6,211 | 8,734 | ||||
Purchased parts and raw materials | 98 | 325 | ||||
$ | 11,878 | $ | 13,025 | |||
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Note 5. Property and Equipment
Property and equipment consisted of the following (in thousands):
March 30, 2008 | December 30, 2007 | |||||||
Machinery and equipment | $ | 18,901 | $ | 18,081 | ||||
Software | 12,445 | 12,400 | ||||||
Computer equipment | 4,625 | 4,289 | ||||||
Furniture and fixtures | 875 | 865 | ||||||
Leasehold improvements | 795 | 795 | ||||||
Construction in progress | 102 | 268 | ||||||
37,743 | 36,698 | |||||||
Less: Accumulated depreciation and amortization | (24,343 | ) | (22,782 | ) | ||||
$ | 13,400 | $ | 13,916 | |||||
Depreciation and amortization expense for property and equipment was $1.6 million and $1.8 million for the three months ended March 30, 2008 and April 1, 2007, respectively. Included in property and equipment are assets acquired under capital lease obligations, mostly software and machinery and equipment, with an original cost of $3.8 million as of March 30, 2008 and December 30, 2007. Related accumulated depreciation and amortization of these assets was $3.6 million and $3.5 million as of March 30, 2008 and December 30, 2007, respectively.
Note 6. Intangible Assets
The carrying amount of intangible assets as of March 30, 2008 is as follows (in thousands):
Gross Carrying Amount | Accumulated Amortization | Net Amount | Weighted average useful life (Years) | |||||||||
Existing technology | $ | 9,795 | $ | (4,376 | ) | $ | 5,418 | 3 | ||||
Patents/core technology | 2,000 | (1,062 | ) | 938 | 4 | |||||||
Trademarks | 1,000 | (453 | ) | 547 | 5 | |||||||
Customer relationships | 5,730 | (1,456 | ) | 4,274 | 4 | |||||||
Order backlog | 1,910 | (1,378 | ) | 533 | 0.5 | |||||||
Non-competition agreement | 100 | (71 | ) | 29 | 3 | |||||||
Total acquired intangible assets | $ | 20,535 | $ | (8,796 | ) | $ | 11,739 | |||||
The carrying amount of intangible assets as of December 30, 2007 is as follows (in thousands):
Gross Carrying Amount | Accumulated Amortization | Net Amount | Weighted average useful life (Years) | |||||||||
Existing technology | $ | 6,145 | $ | (3,156 | ) | $ | 2,989 | 4 | ||||
Patents/core technology | 2,000 | (938 | ) | 1,062 | 4 | |||||||
Trademarks | 1,000 | (400 | ) | 600 | 5 | |||||||
Customer relationships | 3,070 | (1,195 | ) | 1,875 | 5 | |||||||
Order backlog | 1,200 | (1,200 | ) | — | 0.5 | |||||||
Non-competition agreement | 100 | (62 | ) | 38 | 3 | |||||||
Transition services | 594 | (594 | ) | — | 1 | |||||||
Favorable supply arrangement | 5,000 | (5,000 | ) | — | 1 | |||||||
Total acquired intangible assets | $ | 19,109 | $ | (12,545 | ) | $ | 6,564 | |||||
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For the three months ended March 30, 2008 and April 1, 2007, the amortization of intangible assets was $1.8 million and $1.2 million, respectively. The estimated future amortization of purchased intangible assets as of March 30, 2008 is as follows (in thousands):
Remaining 2008 | $ | 4,495 | |
2009 | 4,963 | ||
2010 | 2,073 | ||
2011 | 208 | ||
$ | 11,739 | ||
Note 7. Accrued Liabilities
Accrued liabilities consisted of the following (in thousands):
March 30, 2008 | December 30, 2007 | |||||||
Accrued compensation and related benefits | $ | 3,360 | $ | 4,089 | ||||
Accrued rebates | 3,516 | 3,876 | ||||||
Accrued professional fees | 1,308 | 1,590 | ||||||
Warranty accrual | 1,172 | 1,055 | ||||||
Restructuring | 866 | 1,660 | ||||||
Other accrued liabilities | 3,413 | 3,101 | ||||||
$ | 13,635 | $ | 15,371 | |||||
The following table summarizes the activity related to the warranty accrual (in thousands):
|
| |||||||
Three Months Ended | ||||||||
March 30, 2008 | April 1, 2007 | |||||||
Balance, beginning of period | $ | 1,055 | $ | 2,774 | ||||
Accrual for warranties during the period | 452 | — | ||||||
Usage during the period | (335 | ) | (393 | ) | ||||
Balance, end of period | $ | 1,172 | $ | 2,381 | ||||
Note 8. Restructuring
During the third quarter of 2007, the Company implemented a restructuring program. The restructuring plan involved outsourcing the back-end physical semiconductor design process and terminating approximately 15 employees, including four members of senior management. The Company expects the remaining severance and benefits and software tool costs to be paid in 2008.
A summary of the Company’s restructuring activity is as follows (in thousands):
Severance and benefits | Software tools | |||||||
Balance as of December 30, 2007 | $ | 132 | $ | 1,528 | ||||
Cash payments | (132 | ) | (662 | ) | ||||
Balance as of March 30, 2008 | $ | — | $ | 866 | ||||
Note 9. Commitments and Contingencies
Lease Obligations
The Company leases office facilities, equipment and software under non-cancelable operating leases with various expiration dates through 2011. Rent expense for the three months ended March 30, 2008 and April 1, 2007 was $0.3 million and $0.3 million, respectively. The terms of the facility leases provide for rental payments on a graduated scale. The Company recognizes rent expense on a straight-line basis over the lease period and has accrued for rent expense incurred but not paid.
Future minimum lease payments as of March 30, 2008 under non-cancelable leases with original terms in excess of one year are $1.2 million for the remainder of 2008, $1.2 million in 2009, $0.7 million in 2010 and $0.2 million in 2011.
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Purchase Commitments
In June and October 2007, the Company entered into three software development agreements and agreed to pay $1.1 million for the remainder of 2008. In July 2007, the Company entered into a technology access agreement and agreed to pay $1.5 million for the remainder of 2008 and $0.5 million in 2009. As of March 30, 2008, the Company had $4.6 million of inventory purchase obligations with various suppliers.
Indemnities, Commitments and Guarantees
During its normal course of business, the Company has made certain indemnities, commitments and guarantees under which it may be required to make payments in relation to certain transactions. These indemnities include intellectual property indemnities to the Company’s customers in connection with the sales of its products, indemnities for liabilities associated with the infringement of other parties’ technology based upon the Company’s products, and indemnities to various lessors in connection with facility leases for certain claims arising from such facility or lease. The duration of these indemnities, commitments and guarantees varies, and in certain cases, is indefinite. The majority of these indemnities, commitments and guarantees do not provide for any limitation of the maximum potential future payments that the Company could be obligated to make. The Company believes its internal development processes and other policies and practices limit its exposure related to the indemnification provisions of the various agreements that include indemnity provisions. In addition, the Company requires its employees to sign a proprietary information and inventions agreement, which assigns the rights to its employees’ development work to the Company. The Company has not recorded any liability for these indemnities, commitments and guarantees in the accompanying consolidated balance sheets. The Company does, however, accrue for losses for any known contingent liability, including those that may arise from indemnification provisions, when future payment is probable and the amount of the loss can be reasonably estimated, in accordance with SFAS 5,Accounting for Contingencies.
In addition, the Company indemnifies its officers and directors under the terms of indemnity agreements entered into with them, as well as pursuant to its certificate of incorporation, bylaws and applicable Delaware law. To date, the Company has not incurred any costs related to these indemnifications.
Litigation
In November 2006, three putative class action lawsuits were filed in the United States District Court for the Southern District of New York against the Company, its directors and two former executive officers, as well as the lead underwriters for its initial and secondary public offerings. The lawsuits were consolidated and an amended complaint was filed on April 24, 2007. The amended complaint alleges certain material misrepresentations and omissions by the Company in connection with its initial public offering in September 2005 and the follow-on offering in March 2006 concerning its business and prospects, and seeks unspecified damages. On June 25, 2007, the Company filed motions to dismiss the amended complaint; plaintiffs opposed its motions, and a hearing on its motions was heard on January 16, 2008. On March 10, 2008, the Court ordered the case dismissed with prejudice. On March 25, 2008, plaintiffs filed a motion requesting that the Court reconsider its order dismissing the case and permit plaintiffs to file a second amended complaint. Defendants have opposed plaintiffs’ motion to reconsider. The matter is now pending before the Court. The Company cannot predict the likely outcome of this litigation, and an adverse result could have a material effect on its financial statements.
Additionally, from time to time, the Company is a party to various legal proceedings and claims arising from the normal course of business activities. Based on current available information, the Company does not expect that the ultimate outcome of any currently pending unresolved matters, individually or in the aggregate, will have a material adverse effect on its results of operations, cash flows or financial position.
Note 10. Significant Customer Information and Segment Reporting
SFAS 131,Disclosures about Segments of an Enterprise and Related Information establishes standards for the manner in which public companies report information about operating segments in annual and interim financial statements. It also establishes standards for related disclosures about products and services, geographic areas and major customers. The method for determining the information to report is based on the way management organizes the operating segments within the Company for making operating decisions and assessing financial performance.
The Company’s chief operating decision-maker is considered to be the Chief Executive Officer. The Chief Executive Officer reviews financial information presented on a consolidated basis, accompanied by disaggregated information about revenue by geographic region for purposes of making operating decisions and assessing financial performance. On this basis, the Company is organized and operates in a single segment: the design, development, marketing and sale of semiconductors.
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The following table summarizes revenue by geographic region, based on the country in which the customer’s headquarters office is located (in thousands):
Three Months Ended | ||||||
March 30, 2008 | April 1, 2007 | |||||
Asia | $ | 16,794 | $ | 14,060 | ||
Europe | 11,388 | 7,411 | ||||
North America | 1,515 | 3,197 | ||||
$ | 29,697 | $ | 24,668 | |||
The Company divides its products into two product families: Access and Gateway. Access includes products that carriers deploy in the central office or remote terminal while Gateway includes products that are deployed into the residence. Revenue by product family is as follows (in thousand):
Three Months Ended | ||||||
March 30, 2008 | April 1, 2007 | |||||
Access | $ | 16,345 | $ | 12,663 | ||
Gateway | 13,352 | 12,005 | ||||
$ | 29,697 | $ | 24,668 | |||
The distribution of long-lived assets (excluding goodwill, intangible assets and other assets) as of March 30, 2008 and December 30, 2007 was as follows (in thousands):
March 30, 2008 | December 30, 2007 | |||||
United States | $ | 8,387 | $ | 8,708 | ||
Asia | 4,353 | 4,598 | ||||
Other | 660 | 610 | ||||
$ | 13,400 | $ | 13,916 | |||
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MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS
OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS
This discussion contains forward-looking statements within the meaning of Section 27A of the Securities Act of 1933 and Section 21E of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934. Actual results could differ materially from those projected in the forward-looking statements as a result of a number of factors, risks and uncertainties, including the risk factors set forth in this discussion, as more fully described in Part II, Item 1.A “Risk Factors” in this quarterly report on Form 10-Q. Generally, the words “anticipate,” “expect,” “intend,” “believe” and similar expressions identify forward-looking statements. These forward-looking statements include, without limitation, our expectation that a small number of OEMs will continue to account for a substantial portion of our revenue; our existing and expected cash, cash equivalents and cash flows will be sufficient to meet our anticipated cash needs for at least the next twelve months; our belief in the effectiveness of our internal controls; our expectation that significant customer concentration in a small number of OEM customers will continue for the foreseeable future; our expectation that our foreign currency exposure will increase as our operations in India and other countries expand; and future costs and expenses and financing requirements. The forward-looking statements made in this Form 10-Q are made as of the filing date with the Securities and Exchange Commission and future events or circumstances could cause results that differ significantly from the forward-looking statements included here. Accordingly, we caution readers not to place undue reliance on these statements and, except as required by law, we assume no obligation to update any such forward-looking statements.
The following discussion and analysis should be read in conjunction with the condensed financial statements and notes thereto in Part I, Item 1 above and with our financial statements and notes thereto for the year ended December 30, 2007, contained in our Annual Report on Form 10-K filed on February 22, 2008.
Overview
We are a leading global provider of high-performance silicon and software for interactive broadband. We develop and market end-to-end solutions for the last mile and the digital home, which enable carriers to offer enhanced triple play services, including voice, video and data. Our solutions power digital subscriber line access multiplexers (DSLAMs), optical network units (ONUs), concentrators, customer premise equipment, modems and residential gateways for leading network equipment manufacturers. Our products have been deployed by carriers in Asia, Europe and North America. We believe that we can offer advanced products by continuing to push existing limits in silicon, systems and software. We have developed programmable, scalable chip architectures, which form the foundation for deploying and delivering triple play services. Expertise in the creation and integration of unique DSP algorithms with advanced digital, mixed signal and analog semiconductors enables us to offer high-performance, high-density and low power VDSL products. Flexible network processor architecture with wire-speed packet processing capabilities enables high-performance residential gateways for distributing advanced services in the home. These industry-leading solutions thus support carriers’ triple play deployment plans to the digital home while keeping their capital and operating expenditures low.
We outsource all of our semiconductor fabrication, assembly and test functions, which enable us to focus on design, development, sales and marketing of our products and reduce the level of our capital investment. Our customers consist primarily of original design manufacturers (ODMs), contract manufacturers (CMs) and original equipment manufacturers (OEMs), who in turn sell our semiconductors as part of their product solutions to carriers. We also sell to third-party sales representatives, who in turn sell to ODMs, CMs and OEMs. We were incorporated in April 1999 and through December 31, 2001, we were engaged principally in research and development. We began commercial shipment of our products in the fourth quarter of 2002. Over the last three years, our revenue was $85.1 million in 2005, $134.7 million in 2006 and $107.5 million in 2007
Quarterly revenue fluctuations are characteristic of our industry and affect our business, especially due the concentration of our revenue among a few significant customers. For instance, in the fourth quarter of 2006, our revenue declined by $15.7 million, or 43%, from the third quarter of 2006. These quarterly fluctuations can result from a mismatch of supply and demand. Specifically, carriers purchase equipment based on planned deployment. However, carriers may deploy equipment more slowly than initially planned, while OEMs continue for a time to manufacture equipment at rates higher than the rate at which equipment is deployed. As a result, periodically and usually without significant notice, carriers will reduce orders with OEMs for new equipment, and OEMs in turn will reduce orders for our products, which will adversely impact the quarterly demand for our products, even when deployment rates may be increasing.
Furthermore, our future revenue growth depends upon new carriers beginning to deploy new platforms with our products, among other factors. It is inherently difficult to predict if and when platforms will pass qualification, when carriers will begin to deploy the equipment and at what rate, because we do not control the qualification criteria or process, and the systems manufacturers and carriers do not always share all of the information available to them regarding qualification and deployment decisions. Two current situations exemplify the uncertain nature of future deployments. First, a carrier began to deploy a platform including our products, but was unable to deploy at the rate we initially estimated based upon our discussions with the carrier. Second, we are working to win a new carrier design. The carrier delayed their qualification process by a few weeks. Both of these situations caused our second quarter revenue projection to be lower than originally anticipated.
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Counterbalancing the possible longer-term effects of carriers’ deployment delays and pending design wins, we continue to explore new business opportunities for 2008 that were not incorporated into our original plans for 2008. Accordingly, we are unable to quantify the likely cumulative effect of these developments on previous revenue guidance for the full 2008 fiscal year.
In February 2006, we acquired network processing and ADSL assets from ADI for $32.7 million in cash and began deriving revenue relating to network processing and ADSL products in the same quarter. This acquisition enabled us to enter the growing residential gateway semiconductor market and diversified our product offerings, allowing us to sell into new markets worldwide. As a result of this acquisition, we incurred significant additional expenses related to the addition of employees and related expenses of developing and marketing products as well as non-cash acquisition-related charges.
In February 2008, we purchased the DSL technology and related assets from Centillium Communications, Inc. for approximately $11.9 million in cash. The team of engineers, DSL products, technology, patents and other intellectual property allow us to extend our market leadership as well as accelerate our digital home initiatives and next generation VDSL2 development.
Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates
In preparing our condensed consolidated financial statements, we make assumptions, judgments and estimates that can have a significant impact on amounts reported in our consolidated financial statements. We base our assumptions, judgments and estimates on historical experience and various other factors that we believe to be reasonable under the circumstances. Actual results could differ materially from these estimates under different assumptions or conditions. On a regular basis, we evaluate our assumptions, judgments and estimates and make changes accordingly. We also discuss our critical accounting estimates with the Audit Committee of the Board of Directors. We believe that the assumptions, judgments and estimates involved in the accounting for revenue, cost of revenue, marketable securities, accounts receivable, inventories, warranty, income taxes, impairment of goodwill, acquisitions and stock-based compensation expense have the greatest potential impact on our consolidated financial statements, so we consider these to be our critical accounting policies. Historically, our assumptions, judgments and estimates relative to our critical accounting policies have not differed materially from actual results.
The critical accounting policies are described in Item 7, “Management Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations,” of our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 30, 2007, and have not changed materially as of March 30, 2008.
Results of Operations
Revenue
Our revenue is primarily derived from sales of our semiconductor products. Revenue from product sales is generally recognized upon shipment, net of sales returns, rebates and allowances. As is typical in our industry, the selling prices of our products generally decline over time. Therefore, our ability to increase revenue is dependent upon our ability to increase unit sales volumes of existing products and to introduce and sell new products in greater quantities. Our ability to increase unit sales volume is dependent primarily upon our ability to increase and fulfill current customer demand and obtain new customers.
Revenue increased by $5.0 million, or 20%, to $29.7 million in the three months ended March 30, 2008 from $24.7 million in the three months ended April 1, 2007. The majority of the increase relates to an approximate 35% increase in units shipped, offset by roughly a 10% decrease in average sales price. We experienced significant unit growth in Europe as a number of carriers began to deploy VDSL2 solutions, which accounted for the majority of the increase in revenue from Europe. Additionally, in the first quarter of last year, there was a correction in Japan as carriers slowed orders as they lowered their existing equipment levels. Orders from Japan returned to a more normal volume in 2008 and resulted in the increase in Asia revenue from the year ago period.
We generally sell our products to OEMs through a combination of our direct sales force and third-party sales representatives. Sales are generally made under short-term, non-cancelable purchase orders. We also have volume purchase agreements, and certain customers who provide us with non-binding forecasts. Although certain OEM customers may provide us with rolling forecasts, our ability to predict future sales in any given period is limited and subject to change based on demand for our OEM customers’ systems and their supply chain decisions.
Historically, a small number of OEM customers, the composition of which has varied over time, have accounted for a substantial portion of our revenue, and we expect that significant customer concentration will continue for the foreseeable future, but it may diversify across more carrier customers as we expect more carriers world-wide to begin deployments of Fiber Fast broadband solutions and Gateway products. The following direct customers accounted for more than 10% of our revenue for the years indicated. Sales made to OEMs is based on information that we receive at the time of ordering.
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Our Direct Customer | OEM Customer | Percentage of our Revenue for Three Months Ended | ||||||
March 30, 2008 | April 1, 2007 | |||||||
Paltek Corporation | Sumitomo Electric Industries | 21 | % | * | % | |||
Altima | Sumitomo Electric Industries | * | 11 | |||||
Alcatel-Lucent and its CMs | Alcatel-Lucent | 20 | * | |||||
NEC Corporation of America | NEC Corporation (Magnus) | 19 | 31 | |||||
Sagem | Sagem | 18 | 24 | |||||
Uniquest | Various | 12 | * |
* | Less than 10% |
Revenue by Region as a Percentage of Total Revenue
Three Months Ended | ||||||
March 30, 2008 | April 1, 2007 | |||||
Asia | 57 | % | 57 | % | ||
Europe | 38 | 30 | ||||
North America | 5 | 13 |
The table above reflects sales to our direct customers based on where they are headquartered. It does not necessarily reflect carrier deployment of our products as we do not sell direct to them. Revenue from Asia as a percentage of overall revenue has remained consistent year over year; however, it increased in absolute dollars as our Japanese customers worked through an inventory correction and our Korean customers completed their product transition in 2007. Revenue from Europe increased in absolute dollars and as a percentage of total revenue as Alcatel-Lucent ramped their production as carriers began to deploy more VDSL products.
Revenue by Product Family as a Percentage of Total Revenue
Three Months Ended | ||||||
March 30, 2008 | April 1, 2007 | |||||
Access | 55 | % | 51 | % | ||
Gateway | 45 | 49 |
The change in mix is primarily attributed to increased sales of our Access products in Europe.
Cost and Operating Expenses
Three Months Ended | |||||||||
March 30, 2008 | April 1, 2007 | % Change | |||||||
(In millions) | |||||||||
Cost of revenue | $ | 17.6 | $ | 15.3 | 15 | % | |||
Research and development | 11.7 | 12.6 | (8 | ) | |||||
Sales, general and administrative | 5.9 | 7.1 | (17 | ) |
Cost and Operating Expenses as a Percentage of Total Revenue:
Three Months Ended | ||||||
March 30, 2008 | April 1, 2007 | |||||
Cost of revenue | 59 | % | 62 | % | ||
Research and development | 39 | 51 | ||||
Sales, general and administrative | 20 | 29 |
Cost of Revenue. Our cost of revenue consists primarily of cost of silicon wafers purchased from third-party foundries and third-party costs associated with assembling, testing and shipping of our semiconductors. Because we do not have formal, long-term pricing agreements with our outsourcing partners, our wafer costs and services are subject to price fluctuations based on the cyclical demand for semiconductors among other
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factors. In addition, after we purchase wafers from foundries, we also incur yield loss related to manufacturing these wafers into “good” die. Manufacturing yield is the percentage of acceptable product resulting from the manufacturing process, as identified when the product is tested. When our manufacturing yields decrease, our cost per unit increases, which could have a significant adverse impact on our cost of revenue. Cost of revenue also includes accruals for actual and estimated warranty obligations and write-downs of excess and obsolete inventories, payroll and related personnel costs, licensed third-party intellectual property, depreciation of equipment, stock-based compensation expenses and amortization of acquisition-related intangibles.
Cost of revenue increased to $17.6 million for the three months ended March 30, 2008 as compared to $15.3 million for the three months ended April 1, 2007. The increase is due to increased sales as compared to the same period last year. Our gross margins were 41% for the three months ended March 30, 2008 as compared to 38% for the three months ended April 1, 2007. The increase in gross margins is primarily a result of favorable prices from our suppliers as well as sales of previously written off inventory.
Research and development expenses. All research and development expenses are expensed as incurred and generally consist of compensation and associated costs of employees engaged in research and development; contractors; tape-out costs; reference board development; development testing, evaluation kits and tools; stock based compensation expenses and depreciation expense. Before releasing new products, we incur charges for mask sets, amortization of acquisition-related intangibles, prototype wafers, mask set revisions, bring-up boards and other qualification materials, which we refer to as tape-out costs. Tape-out costs cause our research and development expenses to fluctuate because they are not incurred uniformly every quarter.
Research and development expenses decreased $0.9 million, or 8%, to $11.7 million for the three months ended March 30, 2008 as compared to $12.6 million for the three months ended April 1, 2007. The change was primarily attributed to a $0.8 million decrease in software and depreciation costs as a result of our outsourcing back-end physical design, a $0.3 million decrease in stock based compensation and a $0.2 million decrease in design and tape-out costs. These decreases were offset by a $0.3 million increase in in-process research and development charges as a result of the Centillium DSL acquisition and a $0.1 million increase in personnel costs.
As of March 30, 2008, we had 189 people engaged in research and development of whom 97 were located in India, 82 were located in the United States and 10 were located in France. As of April 1, 2007, we had 168 people engaged in research and development of whom 89 were located in India and 79 were located in North America.
Selling, general and administrative expenses. Selling, general and administrative, or SG&A, expenses generally consist of compensation and related expenses for personnel; public company costs; legal, recruiting and auditing fees; and deprecation. SG&A expenses decreased by $1.2 million for the three months ended March 30, 2008, or 17%, to $5.9 million as compared to $7.1 million for the three months ended April 1, 2007. The decrease is primarily attributed to a $0.5 million decrease in legal fees, a $0.4 million decrease in audit and accounting expenses, a $0.4 million decrease in stock based compensation, a $0.3 million decrease in personnel costs, offset by a $0.3 million increase in amortization of acquisition related intangible assets as a result of the Centillium DSL acquisition. As of March 30, 2008, SG&A headcount was 89, which compares to 83 at April 1, 2007.
Interest Income, Net
Interest income, net consists primarily of interest income earned on our cash, cash equivalents and investments, which is partially offset by other non-operating expenses. Interest income, net decreased to $0.8 million for the three months ended March 30, 2008 as compared to $1.3 million for the three months ended April 1, 2007. The decrease was due to our lower cash, cash equivalents and investments balances as well as a decrease in interest rates.
Provision for Income Taxes
Income taxes are comprised of foreign, federal and state alternative minimum income taxes. The provision for income taxes was $0.1 million for the three months ended March 30, 2008 and April 1, 2007. Our income tax provision for the remainder of 2008 may fluctuate based upon our operating results for each taxable jurisdiction in which we operate and the amount of statutory tax that we incur in each jurisdiction.
Net Loss
As a result of the above factors, we had a net loss of $4.8 million for the three months ended March 30, 2008 as compared to a net loss of $9.1 million for the three months ended April 1, 2007.
Liquidity and Capital Resources
Cash, cash equivalents and investments decreased by $9.3 million to $81.7 million as of March 30, 2008 as compared to $91.0 million as of December 30, 2007. This decrease was primarily due to the Centillium DSL acquisition for $11.9 million in cash, offset by cash provided by operating activities totaling $3.0 million. As of March 30, 2008, we have funded our operations primarily through cash from private and public offerings of our common stock, cash generated from the sale of our products and proceeds from the exercise of stock options and stock purchased under our employee stock purchase plan. Our uses of cash include payroll and payroll-related expenses, manufacturing costs, purchases of equipment, tools and software and operating expenses, such as tape outs, marketing programs, travel, professional services and facilities and related costs. We believe there will be additional working capital requirements to fund and operate our business. We expect to finance our operations primarily through operating cash flows and existing cash and investment balances.
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The following table summarizes our statement of cash flows for the three months ended March 30, 2008 and April 1, 2007:
March 30, 2008 | April 1, 2007 | |||||||
(In millions) | ||||||||
Statements of Cash Flows Data: | ||||||||
Cash and cash equivalents - beginning of period | $ | 65.1 | $ | 49.3 | ||||
Net cash provided (used) by operating activities | 3.0 | (6.2 | ) | |||||
Net cash provided (used) by investing activities | (9.2 | ) | 0.3 | |||||
Net cash provided by financing activities | 0.2 | 0.2 | ||||||
Cash and cash equivalents - end of period | $ | 59.1 | $ | 43.6 | ||||
Operating Activities
For the three months ended March 30, 2008, we generated $3.0 million in net cash from operating activities, while incurring a net loss of $4.8 million. Included in the net loss was approximately $6.5 million in various non-cash expenses and charges consisting of depreciation and amortization, stock based compensation expense, amortization of intangible assets and acquired technology and purchased in-process research and development. Operating cash flows also benefited from a decrease in inventory of $4.9 million and a decrease in accounts receivable of $2.6 million. The decrease in inventory was primarily due to the timing of inventory receipts and shipments. The decrease in accounts receivable was primarily due to more linearity of sales in the quarter. These sources of operating cash flows were offset primarily by a decrease in accounts payable and accrued liabilities of $6.0 million. The decrease in accounts payable and accrued liabilities was primarily due a decrease in our volume of inventory purchases at the end of the quarter as well as various other payments in the ordinary course of business.
For the three months ended April 1, 2007, we used $6.2 million in net cash from operating activities, while incurring a net loss of $9.1 million. Included in the net loss was approximately $6.4 million in various non-cash expenses and charges consisting of depreciation and amortization, stock based compensation expense and amortization of intangible assets and acquired technology. Operating cash flows also benefited from a decrease in inventory of $2.2 million and a decrease in accounts receivable of $0.8 million. The decrease in inventory was primarily due to the timing of inventory receipts and shipments as well as the acceptance of our fifth generation products in Japan. The decrease in accounts receivable was primarily due to more linearity of sales in the quarter. These sources of operating cash flows were offset by an increase in prepaid expenses and other assets of $2.1 million and a decrease in accounts payable and accrued liabilities of $4.3 million. The increase in prepaid expenses and other assets was primarily due to a non-trade receivable related to the NPA acquisition as well as prepaid rental fees. The decrease in accounts payable and accrued liabilities was primarily due to the payment of a $1.5 million settlement with a customer, restructuring payments totaling $0.6 million, decrease in payroll related accruals of $0.8 million and various other payments in the ordinary course of business.
Investing Activities
We used net cash in investing activities of $9.2 million for the three months ended March 30, 2008, primarily in the Centillium DSL acquisition totaling $11.9 million and various fixed assets totaling $0.3 million, offset by a net sale of short-term investments totaling $3.0 million. We generated net cash from investing activities of $0.3 million for the three months ended April 1, 2007, primarily from net sale of short-term investments of $1.9 million offset by $1.6 million in purchases of property and equipment.
We anticipate that we will continue to purchase necessary property and equipment in the normal course of our business. The amount and timing of these purchases and the related cash outflows in future periods depend on a number of factors, including the hiring of employees, the rate of change of computer hardware and software used in our business and our business outlook. We have classified our investment portfolio as “available for sale,” and our investment objectives are to preserve principal and provide liquidity, while maximizing yields without significantly increasing risk. We may sell an investment at any time if the quality rating of the investment declines; the yield on the investment is no longer attractive; or we are in need of cash. Beginning in the third quarter of 2007, $7.2 million of our auction rate securities failed to sell at auction, which we believe these securities are temporarily illiquid. We have recorded a $0.6 million unrealized holding loss related to these securities within accumulated other comprehensive loss as a separate component of stockholders’ equity. Depending on future facts and circumstances as they occur, we may increase this unrealized holding loss or we may record a realized loss if we believe the decrease in the fair value of the securities is not other than temporary. We have used cash to acquire businesses and technologies that enhance and expand our product offering and, we anticipate that we will continue to do so in the future. The nature of these transactions makes it difficult to predict the amount and timing of such cash requirements.
Financing Activities
Our financing activities provided $0.2 million for the three months ended March 30, 2008 and April 1, 2007, resulting from proceeds related to the exercise of employee stock options in 2008 and 2007 and payments made on capital lease obligations in 2007. We have used, and continue to intend to use, the net proceeds for working capital and general corporate purposes, which may include the acquisition of businesses, products, product rights or technologies, strategic investments or purchases of common stock.
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We believe that our existing cash, cash equivalents and cash flows expected to be generated from future operations, if any, will be sufficient to meet our anticipated cash needs for at least the next twelve months. Our future capital requirements will depend on many factors including our rate of revenue growth, our ability to develop future revenue streams, the timing and extent of spending to support development efforts, the expansion of sales and marketing activities, the timing of introductions of new products and enhancements to existing products, the costs to ensure access to adequate manufacturing capacity and the continuing market acceptance of our products. Additionally in the future, we may become party to agreements with respect to potential investments in, or acquisitions of, complementary businesses, products or technologies, which could also require us to seek additional equity or debt financing. The sale of additional equity securities or convertible debt securities would result in additional dilution to our stockholders. Additional debt would result in increased interest expenses and could result in covenants that would restrict our operations. We have not made arrangements to obtain additional financing, and there is no assurance that such financing, if required, will be available in amounts or on terms acceptable to us, if at all.
Contractual Commitments and Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements
We do not use off balance sheet arrangements with unconsolidated entities or related parties, nor do we use other forms of off balance sheet arrangements such as special purpose entities and research and development arrangements. Accordingly, our liquidity and capital resources are not subject to off balance sheet risks from unconsolidated entities.
We lease certain office facilities, equipment and software under non-cancelable operating leases. The following table summarizes our contractual obligations as of March 30, 2008, and the effect those obligations are expected to have on our liquidity and cash flow in future periods (in millions):
Payment due by period | ||||||||||||
Total | Remainder of 2008 | 2009 and 2010 | 2011 and Thereafter | |||||||||
Operating lease payments | $ | 3.3 | $ | 1.2 | $ | 1.9 | $ | 0.2 | ||||
Restructuring payments | 0.9 | 0.9 | — | — | ||||||||
Inventory purchase obligations | 4.6 | 4.6 | — | — | ||||||||
Access to technology | 2.0 | 1.5 | 0.5 | — | ||||||||
Software development agreements | 1.2 | 1.2 | — | — | ||||||||
$ | 12.0 | $ | 9.4 | $ | 2.4 | $ | 0.2 | |||||
For the purpose of this table, purchase obligations for the purchase of goods or services are defined as agreements that are enforceable and legally binding and that specify all significant terms, including: fixed or minimum quantities to be purchased; fixed, minimum or variable price provisions; and the approximate timing of the transaction. Our purchase orders are based on our current manufacturing needs and are fulfilled by our vendors within short time horizons. In addition, we have purchase orders that represent authorizations to purchase rather than binding agreements. We do not have significant agreements for the purchase of raw materials or other goods specifying minimum quantities or set prices that exceed our expected requirements. Access to technology represents an agreement under which we have the right to use specific technology from a third party for a period of three years. Other obligations represent minimum royalty payments with a supplier.
In the normal course of business, we provide indemnifications of varying scope to customers against claims of intellectual property infringement made by third parties arising from the use of our products. Historically, costs related to these indemnification provisions have not been significant, and we are unable to estimate the maximum potential impact of these indemnification provisions on our future consolidated results of operations.
Recent Accounting Pronouncements
Recent accounting pronouncements are detailed in Note 1 to our Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.
Item 3. | Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk |
All market risk sensitive instruments were entered into for non-trading purposes. We do not use derivative financial instruments for speculative trading purposes. As of March 30, 2008, we did not hold derivative financial instruments.
Interest Rate Risk
Our exposure to market risk for changes in interest rates relates primarily to our investment portfolio. We do not use derivative financial instruments in our investment portfolio. The primary objective of our investment activities is to preserve principal and meet liquidity needs, while maximizing yields and without significantly increasing risk. Our investment policy specifies credit quality standards for our investments and limits the amount of credit exposure to any single issue, issuer, or type of investment. Our investments consist primarily of U.S. government notes and bonds, auction rate securities and commercial paper. All investments are carried at market value.
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As of March 30, 2008, we had cash, cash equivalents and investments totaling $81.7 million. These amounts were invested primarily in money market funds and short-term investments that are held for working capital purposes. We do not enter into investments for trading or speculative purposes. If the return on our cash equivalents and investments were to change by one percent, the effect would be to increase/decrease investment income by $0.3 million.
Investment Risk
Our marketable securities portfolio as of March 30, 2008 was $78.9 million and approximately 8% of the portfolio are auction rate securities. Auction rate securities are securities that are structured with short-term interest rate reset dates of generally less than ninety days but with contractual maturities that can be well in excess of ten years. At the end of each reset period, which occurs every seven to thirty-five days, investors can sell or continue to hold the securities at par. These securities are subject to fluctuations in fair value depending on the supply and demand at each auction. In the third quarter of fiscal year 2007, certain auction rate securities failed auction and did not sell. Based on an analysis of other-than-temporary impairment factors, we recorded a temporary impairment within other comprehensive loss of approximately $0.6 million at March 30, 2008 related to these auction rate securities. The portfolio includes $7.2 million (at cost) invested in auction rate securities all of which are currently associated with failed auctions and have been in a loss position for less than 12 months. The funds associated with the securities for which auctions have failed will not be accessible until a successful auction occurs, a buyer is found outside of the auction process or the underlying securities have matured.
We have classified the auction rate securities as Level 3 under Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB) Statement of Financial Accounting Standards No. (SFAS) 157,Fair Value Measurements. We valued the auction rate securities using a discounted cash flow model. Assumptions used in valuing each of the auction rate securities include the stated coupon rate on the note and two unobservable inputs; an estimated maturity date of four years and an estimated discount rate. We estimated the maturity date based on how long it took past events to resolve in the market place, such as the 1998 failure of Long-Term Capital Management and also current events such as the possible U.S. recession. The discount rate is an estimate of what we believe the security must be discounted to in order to sell today. It is based on a number of factors, including the credit rating of the issuer and the insurance provider for the security.
Foreign Currency Risk
Our revenue and cost, including subcontractor manufacturing expenses, are predominately denominated in U.S. dollars. An increase of the U.S. dollar relative to the currencies of the countries that our customers operate in would make our products more expensive to them and increase pricing pressure or reduce demand for our products. We also incur a portion of our expenses in currencies other than the U.S. dollar, including the Euro, the Japanese yen, Korean won, Indian rupee, Singapore dollar and the Taiwanese dollar. We do not currently enter into forward exchange contracts to hedge exposure denominated in foreign currencies or any other derivative financial instruments for trading or speculative purposes. We expect to begin mitigating our foreign currency risk in the second quarter of 2008 by entering forward currency purchasing contracts to assure greater predictability with respect to our operating costs in India and France, where we pay our employee salaries and other expenses in Rupees and Euros, respectively. We expect that our foreign currency exposure will increase as our operations in India and other countries expand.
Item 4. | Controls and Procedures |
Evaluation of disclosure controls and procedures.
As of the end of the period covered by this report, an evaluation was performed under the supervision and with the participation of our management, including our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer (collectively, our “certifying officers”), of the effectiveness of the design and operation of our disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended) as required by Rules 13a-15(b) or 15d-15(b) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended. Based on their evaluation, our certifying officers concluded that these disclosure controls and procedures were effective.
We believe that a system of internal controls, no matter how well designed and operated, is based in part upon certain assumptions about the likelihood of future events, and can be affected by limitations inherent in all internal controls systems including the realities that human judgment in decision-making can be faulty, that persons responsible for establishing controls need to consider their relative costs and benefits, that breakdowns can occur because of human failures such as simple error or mistake, and that controls can be circumvented by collusion of two or more people. Accordingly, we believe that our system of internal controls, while effective, can only provide reasonable, not absolute, assurance that the objectives of the controls system are met, and no evaluation of controls can provide absolute assurance that all control issues and instances of fraud, if any, within our company have been detected.
There was no change in our internal control over financial reporting during the quarter ended March 30, 2008 that our certifying officers concluded materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting.
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ITEM 1A. | RISK FACTORS |
Investing in our common stock involves a high degree of risk. You should carefully consider the following risk factors, as well as the other information in this quarterly report on Form 10-Q, and in our other filings with the SEC, before deciding whether to invest in shares of our common stock. Additional risks and uncertainties not presently known to us may also affect our business. If any of these known or unknown risks or uncertainties actually occurs with material adverse effects on us, our business, financial condition and results of operations could be seriously harmed. In that event, the market price for our common stock will likely decline and you may lose all or part of your investment.
Risks Related to Our Business
Our quarterly operating results, including revenue and expense levels, have fluctuated significantly over time and are likely to continue to do so, principally due to the nature of telecommunication carriers’ capital spending cycles, the design win process as well as other factors. As a result, we may fail to meet or exceed our forecasts or the expectations of securities analysts or investors, which could cause our stock price to decline.
The telecommunications semiconductor industry is highly cyclical and subject to rapid change and, from time to time, has experienced significant downturns. As was widely reported in the first half of this decade, the telecommunications industry experienced, and may again experience, a pronounced downturn. These downturns are characterized by decreases in product demand and excess inventories held by our customers, OEMs, and their customers, the telecommunications service providers (also called “carriers”). To respond to these downturns, many carriers slow their capital expenditures, cancel or delay new developments, reduce their workforces and inventories and take a cautious approach to acquiring new equipment and technologies from OEMs, usually with very little notice. We are aware of such deployment delays currently occurring with a new carrier in Japan.
Quarterly fluctuations in revenue are characteristic of our industry. And given the concentration of our revenue among a few significant customers and given their buying patterns, we have experienced, and are likely to experience again, significant quarterly fluctuations of revenue. In the first quarter of 2005 and fourth quarter of 2006, we experienced quarter-over-quarter revenue declines of 33% and 43%, respectively, over the prior quarters. Furthermore, as a general trend, capital spending by carriers tends to be flat to down in the first calendar quarter of the year.
We win supply relationships by working with OEMs and service providers to have our semiconductors designed into systems that will be deployed over multiples quarters. At any given time, as is currently the case, we are competing for one or more of these design wins. If we are not successful in obtaining these design wins, our revenue results would be negatively affected.
The semiconductor industry also periodically experiences increased demand and production capacity constraints, which may affect our ability to ship products. Accordingly, our operating results may vary significantly as a result of the general conditions in the semiconductor or broadband communications industry, which could cause our stock price to decline.
In addition, our expenses are also subject to quarterly fluctuations resulting from factors including the costs related to new product releases. If our operating results do not meet the expectations of securities analysts or investors for any quarter or other reporting period, the market price of our common stock may decline. Fluctuations in our operating results may be due to a number of factors, including, but not limited to, changes in the mix of products we develop, acquire and sell as well as those identified throughout this “Risk Factors” section. As a result, you should not rely on quarter to quarter comparisons of our operating results as an indicator of future performance.
We have a history of losses, and future losses may cause the market price of our common stock to decline. We may not be able to reduce our expenses or generate sufficient revenue in the future to achieve or sustain profitability.
Since inception, we have only been profitable on a GAAP basis in the third and fourth quarter of 2005. Prior to the third quarter of 2005, we incurred significant net losses, and we incurred losses in the past nine quarters. Beginning in 2006, accounting rules required us to report stock-based compensation as an expense, which has comprised a substantial portion of our quarterly and annual losses, as reported on a GAAP basis. In addition, we had sequential decreases in revenue in the third and fourth quarters of 2006, and we incurred a net loss of $4.8 million for the quarter ended March 30, 2008 and have an accumulated deficit of $147.4 million as of March 30, 2008. To achieve profitability again, we will need to generate and sustain higher revenue, while maintaining cost and expense levels appropriate and necessary for our business. Because many of our expenses are fixed in the short term, or are incurred in advance of anticipated sales, we may not be able to continue to hold down our costs and expenses in a timely manner to offset any lower-than-forecasted revenue shortfall as we experienced in the fourth quarter of 2006. We may not be able to achieve profitability again, and even if we were able to attain profitability again, we may not be able to sustain profitability on a quarterly or an annual basis in the future.
Our success is dependent upon achieving design wins into commercially successful OEM and ODM systems.
Our products are generally incorporated into our OEM and Original Design Manufacturer (“ODM”) customers’ systems at the design stage. As a result, we rely on OEMs to select our products to be designed into their systems, which we refer to as a “design win.” We often incur significant expenditures over multiple fiscal quarters in attempting to obtain a design win without any assurance that an OEM will select our product for design into its own system. Additionally, in some instances, we are dependent on third parties to obtain or provide information that we need to achieve a design win. Some of these third parties may not supply this information to us on a timely basis, if at all. Furthermore, even if an OEM designs one of our products into its system offering, we cannot be assured that its equipment will be commercially successful or that we will receive any orders and, accordingly, revenue as a result of that design win. Our OEM customers are typically not obligated to
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purchase our products and can choose at any time to stop using them if their own systems are not commercially successful, if they decide to pursue other systems strategies, or for any other reason. If we are unable to achieve design wins or if our OEM customers’ systems incorporating our products are not commercially successful, our revenue would suffer.
If demand for our semiconductor products declines or does not grow, we will be unable to increase or sustain our revenue; and our operating results will be harmed.
We currently expect the semiconductor products we have already announced to account for substantially all of our revenue for the foreseeable future. If we are unable to develop new products or to successfully integrate acquired products and technology to meet our customers’ demand in a timely manner, if demand for our semiconductors declines or fails to grow, or if the xDSL, GPON or network processor markets do not materialize as expected, it would harm our business. The markets for our products are characterized by frequent introduction of new semiconductors, short product life cycles and significant price competition. If we or our OEM customers are unable to manage product transitions in a timely and cost-effective manner, our revenue would suffer. In addition, frequent technology changes and introduction of next generation products may result in inventory obsolescence, which would increase our cost of revenue and adversely affect our operating performance.
The average selling prices of our products are subject to rapid declines, which may harm our revenue and profitability.
The products we develop and sell are subject to rapid declines in average selling prices due to competitive pressures and business objectives, including lowering average selling prices in order to increase market share. We have lowered our prices significantly at times to gain or maintain market share, and we expect that we will reduce prices again in the future. Offering reduced prices to one customer could likely impact our average selling prices to all customers. Our financial results will suffer if we are unable to offset any future reductions in our average selling prices by increasing our sales volumes, or by reducing our cost and expenses or by developing new or enhanced products on a timely basis that bear higher selling prices.
Our products typically have lengthy sales cycles, which may cause our operating results to fluctuate and result in volatility in the price of our common stock. An OEM customer or a carrier may decide to cancel, delay or change its product plans, which could cause us to lose or delay anticipated sales.
After we have delivered a product to an OEM customer, the OEM will usually test and evaluate our product with its carrier customer prior to the OEM completing the design of its own equipment that will incorporate our product. Our OEM customers and the carriers may take several months to test, evaluate and adopt our product and several additional months to begin volume production of equipment that incorporates our product. This entire process can take from six months to over a year to complete. Due to this lengthy sales cycle, we may experience significant delays from the time we increase our operating expenses and make investments in inventory until the time that we generate revenue from these products. It is possible that we may never generate any revenue from these products after incurring these expenditures and investments. Even if an OEM customer selects our product to incorporate into its equipment, we have no assurances that the customer will ultimately market and sell its equipment or that such efforts by our customer will be successful. The delays inherent in our lengthy sales cycle increases the risk that an OEM customer or carrier will decide to cancel or change its product plans. From time to time, we have experienced changes and cancellations in the purchase plans of our OEM customers. A cancellation or change in plans by an OEM customer or carrier could cause us to not achieve anticipated revenue and result in volatility of the price of our common stock. In addition, our anticipated sales could be lost or substantially reduced if a significant OEM customer or carrier reduces or delays orders during our sales cycle or chooses not to release equipment that contains our products.
Our product mix is subject to frequent and unexpected changes, which may impact our revenue and margin.
Our product margins vary widely by product. As a result, a change in the sales mix of our products could have an impact on the forecasted revenue and margins for the quarter. Our modem only products within the Gateway product family generally have lower margins as compared to our Access product family. Furthermore, the product margins within our Access product line can vary based on the type and performance of deployment being used as customers typically pay higher selling prices for higher performance. While we make estimates of what we believe the product mix will be in a given quarter, actual results can be materially different than our estimates.
Because we depend on a few significant customers for a substantial portion of our revenue, the loss of any of our key customers, our inability to continue to sell existing and new products to our key customers in significant quantities or our failure to attract new significant customers could adversely impact our revenue and harm our business.
We derive a substantial portion of our revenue from sales to a relatively small number of customers. As a result, the loss of any significant customer or a decline in business with any significant customer would materially and adversely affect our financial condition and results of operations. The following customers accounted for more than 10% of our revenue for any one of the periods indicated. We have indicated the OEM customer based on information that we receive at the time of ordering.
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Our Direct Customer | OEM Customer | Year Ended December 31, 2006 | Year Ended December 30, 2007 | Three Months Ended March 30, 2008 | |||||||
Paltek Corporation | Sumitomo Electric Industries | * | % | * | % | 21 | % | ||||
Altima Corporation | Sumitomo Electric Industries | 19 | 12 | * | |||||||
Alcatel-Lucent and its contract manufacturers(a) | Alcatel-Lucent | * | * | 20 | |||||||
NEC Corporation of America | NEC Corporation (Magnus) | 23 | 29 | 19 | |||||||
Sagem | Sagem | 23 | 20 | 18 | |||||||
Uniquest | Various | 22 | 11 | 12 |
* | Less than 10% |
(a) | Alcatel and Lucent Technologies, prior to and subsequent to their 2007 merger, accounted for a combined 3% and 10% of our revenue in 2006 and 2007, respectively. |
A small group of OEM customers historically has accounted for a substantial portion of our revenue; the composition of this group has varied, and we expect will continue to vary, over time. Further, we expect that this small group of customers will continue to account for a substantial portion of our revenue for the foreseeable future. Accordingly, our future operating results will continue to depend on the success of our largest OEM customers and on our ability to sell existing and new products to these customers in significant quantities. Demand for our semiconductor products is based on carrier demand for our OEM customers’ systems products. Accordingly, a reduction in growth of carrier deployment of product that use our semiconductors would adversely affect our product sales and business.
In addition, our relationships with some of our larger OEM customers may also deter other potential customers who compete with these customers from buying our products. To attract new customers or retain existing OEM customers, we have offered and may continue to offer certain customers favorable prices on our products. If these prices are lower than the prices paid by other existing OEM customers, we may have to offer the same lower prices to certain of these customers. In that event, our average selling prices would decline. The loss of a key customer, a reduction in sales to any major customer, or our inability to attract new significant customers in the absence of any offsetting sales would harm our business.
We have historically derived a substantial amount of our revenue from Japan and Korea, and a majority of our network processing revenue comes from a single customer in Europe. If we fail to further diversify the geographic sources and customer base of our revenue in the future, our operating results could be harmed.
A substantial portion of our revenue is derived from sales into Japan and France; and our revenue has been heavily dependent on market growth in these countries. As a result, our sales are subject to economic downturns, decrease in demand and overall negative market conditions in a very few number of specific economies. For instance, a slow down in growth of fiber extension over copper and broadband over copper subscribers in Asia has caused our revenue in that market to decline, and may prevent that revenue stream from returning to historical levels. While part of our strategy is to continue to diversify the geographic sources and customer base of our revenue, our failure to successfully penetrate markets other than those served by our existing customers, and diversify our customer base could harm our business and operating results.
In the past year, we have experienced a turnover in several senior management positions, and we may be unable to attract, retain and motivate key senior management and technical personnel, which could harm our development of technology and ability to be competitive.
Our Chief Executive Officer, Michael Ricci, joined the company in early June 2007. In addition, in June and July of 2007, we hired a General Counsel, a Vice President of Operations and a Vice President of Engineering. In January 2008, our Vice President and General Manager of Gateway Products Group resigned; and the Vice President of Marketing for our Access Products Group resigned in March 2008. In April 2008, we hired a General Manager and a Vice President of Software Engineering. Further, as required, we seek out highly-qualified candidates to fill positions throughout our business. We will continue to examine ways to improve the Company’s processes, productivity and results.
Our future success depends to a significant extent upon the continued service of our senior executives and key technical personnel as well as the integration of new senior executives. We do not have employment agreements with any of these executives or any other key employees that govern the length of their service. Changes in the services of senior management or technical personnel could impact our customer relationships, employee morale, our ability to operate in compliance with existing internal controls and regulations and harm our business.
Furthermore, our future success depends on our ability to continue to attract, retain and motivate other senior management and qualified technical personnel, particularly software engineers, digital circuit designers, mixed-signal circuit designers and systems and algorithms engineers. Competition for these employees is intense. Restricted stock units and stock options generally comprise a significant portion of our compensation packages for all employees, and the expected volatility in the price of our common stock may make it more difficult for us to attract and retain key employees, which could harm our ability to provide technologically competitive products. Additionally, a reduction in staff could negatively affect employee morale. For example, in November 2006, we reduced the number of employees and contractors in our workforce by approximately 30 people. Additionally, in September 2007, we decided to reduce the number of employees by approximately 15 people, including several senior executives. These reductions were principally in our engineering departments and have resulted in reallocations of employee duties. Workforce reductions and job reassignments could negatively affect employee morale and make it difficult to motivate and retain the remaining employees and contractors, which would affect our ability to deliver our products in a timely fashion and otherwise negatively affect our business.
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Because of the rapid technological development in our industry and the intense competition we face, our products tend to become outmoded or obsolete in a relatively short period of time, which requires us to provide frequent updates and/or replacements to existing products. If we do not successfully manage the transition process to next generation semiconductor products, our operating results may be harmed.
Our industry is characterized by rapid technological innovation and intense competition. Accordingly, our success depends in part on our ability to develop next generation semiconductor products in a timely and cost-effective manner. The development of new semiconductor products is expensive, complex and time consuming. If we do not rapidly develop our next generation semiconductor products ahead of our competitors, we may lose both existing and potential customers to our competitors. Further, if a competitor develops a new, less expensive product using a different technological approach to delivering broadband services over existing networks, our products would no longer be competitive. Conversely, even if we are successful in rapidly developing new semiconductor products ahead of our competitors and we do not cost-effectively manage our inventory levels of existing products when making the transition to the new semiconductor products, our financial results could be negatively affected by high levels of obsolete inventory. If any of the foregoing were to occur, then our operating results would be harmed.
We rely on third-party technologies for the development of our products; and our inability to use such technologies in the future would harm our ability to remain competitive.
We rely on third parties for technologies that are integrated into some of our products, including our memory cells, input/output cells and core processor logic. If we are unable to continue to use or license these technologies on reasonable terms, or if these technologies fail to operate properly, we may not be able to secure alternatives in a timely manner and our ability to remain competitive would be harmed. Failure to use the technologies we have purchased could also result in unfavorable impairment costs. In addition, if we are unable to successfully license technology from third parties to develop future products, we may not be able to develop such products in a timely manner or at all.
We are a fabless semiconductor company and may rely on one wafer foundry and one assembly and test subcontractor to manufacture, package and test each of our products, and our failure to secure and maintain sufficient capacity with these subcontractors could impair our relationships with customers and decrease sales, which would negatively impact our market share and operating results.
We are a fabless semiconductor company in that we do not own or operate a fabrication or manufacturing facility. Currently, seven wafer foundries and three outside factory subcontractors, located in Austria, China, Israel, Korea, Malaysia, Singapore, Taiwan, and the United States manufacture, assemble and test all of our semiconductor devices in current production. While we work with multiple suppliers, only one foundry and one assembly and test subcontractor may be used for a single product. Accordingly, we are greatly dependent on a limited number of suppliers to deliver quality products on time.
In past periods of high demand in the semiconductor market, we have experienced delays in meeting our capacity demand and as a result were unable to deliver products to our customers on a timely basis. In addition, we have experienced similar delays due to technical and quality control problems. Furthermore, our costs for manufacturing services or components have increased from time to time without significant notice. In the future, if any of these events occur, or if the facilities of any of our subcontractors suffer any damage, power outages, financial difficulties or any other disruption due to natural disasters, terrorist acts or otherwise, we may be unable to meet our customer demand on a timely basis, or at all; and we may be required to incur additional costs and may need to successfully qualify an alternative facility in order to not disrupt our business. We typically require several months or more to qualify a new facility or process before we can begin shipping products. If we cannot accomplish this qualification in a timely manner, we would experience a significant interruption in supply of the affected products which could in turn cause our costs of revenue to increase and our overall revenue to decrease. If we are unable to secure sufficient capacity at our subcontractors’ existing facilities, or in the event of a closure or significant delay at any of these facilities, our relationships with our customers would be harmed and our market share and operating results would suffer as a result. In addition, we do not have formal pricing agreements with our subcontractors regarding the pricing for the products and services that they provide us. If their pricing for the products and services they provide increases and we are unable to pass along such increases to our OEM customers, our operating results would be adversely affected.
In the event we seek to use new wafer foundries to manufacture a portion of our semiconductor products, we may not be able to bring the new foundries on-line rapidly enough and may not achieve anticipated cost reductions.
As indicated above, our use of seven independent wafer foundries to manufacture all of our semiconductor products exposes us to risks of delay, increased costs and customer dissatisfaction in the event that any of these foundries were unable to provide us with our semiconductor requirements. Particularly during times when semiconductor manufacturing capacity is limited, we may seek to qualify additional wafer foundries to meet our requirements. In order to bring these new foundries on-line, our customers may need to qualify product from the new facility, which could take several months or more. Once qualified, these new foundries would then require an additional number of months to actually begin producing semiconductors to meet our needs, by which time the temporary requirement for additional capacity may have passed or the opportunities we previously identified may have been lost to our competitors. Furthermore, even if these new foundries offer better pricing than our existing manufacturers, if they prove to be less reliable than our existing manufacturers, we would not achieve some or all of our anticipated cost reductions.
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When demand for manufacturing capacity is high, we may take various actions to try to secure sufficient capacity, which may be costly and negatively impact our operating results.
The ability of each of our subcontractors’ manufacturing facilities to provide us with semiconductors is limited by its available capacity and existing obligations. Although we have purchase order commitments to supply specified levels of products to our OEM customers, we do not have a guaranteed level of production capacity from any of our subcontractors’ facilities that we depend on to produce our semiconductors. Facility capacity may not be available when we need it or at reasonable prices. We place our orders on the basis of our OEM customers’ purchase orders or our forecast of customer demand, and our subcontractors may not be able to meet our requirements in a timely manner. For example, in the second half of 2005 and in the first half of 2006, general market conditions in the semiconductor industry resulted in a significant increase in demand at these facilities. The demand for some of our OEM customers’ products increased significantly, and we were asked to produce significantly higher quantities than in the past and to deliver on short notice. In addition, our subcontractors have also allocated capacity to the production of other companies’ products and reduced deliveries to us on short notice. It is possible that our subcontractors’ other customers that are larger and better financed than we are, or that have long-term agreements with our subcontractors, may have induced our subcontractors to reallocate capacity to them. If this reallocation were to occur again, it would impair our ability to deliver products on a timely basis.
In order to secure sufficient manufacturing facility capacity when demand is high and mitigate the risks described in the foregoing paragraphs, we may enter into various arrangements with subcontractors that could be costly and harm our operating results, including:
• | option payments or other prepayments to a subcontractor; |
• | nonrefundable deposits with or loans to subcontractors in exchange for capacity commitments; |
• | contracts that commit us to purchase specified quantities of components over extended periods; |
• | purchase of testing equipment for specific use at our subcontractors’ facilities; |
• | issuance of our equity securities to a subcontractor; and |
• | other contractual relationships with subcontractors. |
We may not be able to make any such arrangements in a timely fashion or at all, and any arrangements may be costly, reduce our financial flexibility and not be on terms favorable to us. Moreover, if we are able to secure facility capacity, we may be obligated to use all of that capacity or incur penalties. These penalties and obligations may be expensive and require significant capital and could harm our business.
If our subcontractors’ manufacturing facilities do not achieve satisfactory quality or yields, our relationships with our customers and our reputation will be harmed, our revenue, gross margin and operating results could decline.
Defects in our products may not be always detected by the testing process performed by our subcontractors or by our own staff. Those defects can result from a variety of causes, including but not limited to manufacturing problems or intellectual property licensed from third parties. If defects are discovered after we have shipped our products, we have and could continue to experience warranty and consequential damages claims from our customers.
In January 2007, a significant customer notified us that they were experiencing a high defect rate on a certain product that was manufactured and shipped in the last month of 2006. In February 2007, we entered into a settlement agreement releasing us of all liabilities associated with this claim in exchange for a payment and providing replacement parts. The settlement was recorded as an offset to revenue and as accrued rebates within accrued liabilities in the fourth quarter of 2006. Such claims as this one or others may have a significant adverse impact on our revenue and operating results.
We incorporate third party intellectual property into our products. That intellectual property consists of elements of the semiconductor, such as the processor core, standard external interfaces, as well as applications that run on our products. From time to time, our customers have discovered errors or defects arising from these third party intellectual property designs. We and our contract manufacturers attempt to catch these defects in the testing process, but are not always successful. If we are unable to deliver quality products, our reputation would be harmed, which could result in the loss of, future orders and business with our customers. If any of these adverse risks are realized and we are not able to offset the lost opportunities, our revenue, margins and operating results would decline.
The fabrication of semiconductors is a complex and technically demanding process. Minor deviations in the manufacturing process can cause substantial decreases in yields; and in some cases, cause production to be stopped or suspended. We have experienced difficulties in achieving acceptable yields on some of our products, particularly with new products, which frequently involve newer manufacturing processes and smaller geometry features than previous generations. Maintaining high numbers of shippable die per wafer is critical to our operating results, as decreased yields can result in higher per unit cost, shipment delays and increased expenses associated with resolving yield problems. Although we work closely with our subcontractors to minimize the likelihood of reduced manufacturing yields, their facilities have from time to time experienced lower than anticipated manufacturing yields that have resulted in our inability to meet our customer demand. For instance, in the third quarter of 2006, we were unable to fulfill a certain amount of our customers’ orders due to difficulties in attaining acceptable yields on one of our products. While we solved the manufacturing process issue in the fourth quarter of 2006, we cannot assure you that we will be successful in improving yields on any future product or in correcting manufacturing problems with our subcontractors.
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It is common for yields in semiconductor fabrication facilities to decrease in times of high demand or due to poor workmanship or operational problems at these facilities. When these events occur, especially simultaneously, as happens from time to time, we may be unable to supply our customers’ demand. Many of these problems are difficult to detect at an early stage of the manufacturing process and, regardless of when the problems are detected, they may be time consuming and expensive to correct. In addition, because we purchase wafers, our exposure to low wafer yields from our subcontractors’ wafer foundries are increased. Poor yields from the wafer foundries or defects, integration issues or other performance problems in our products could cause us significant customer relations and business reputation problems, or force us to sell our products at lower gross margins and therefore harm our financial results. Conversely, unexpected yield improvements could result in us holding excess inventory that would also increase our product cost and negatively impact our profitability.
We base orders for inventory on our forecasts of our OEM customers’ demand and if our forecasts are inaccurate, our financial condition and liquidity would suffer.
We place orders with our suppliers based on our forecasts of our OEM customers’ demand. Our forecasts are based on multiple assumptions, each of which may introduce errors into our estimates. In the past, when the demand for our OEM customers’ products increased significantly, we were not able to meet demand on a timely basis, and we expended a significant amount of time working with our customers to allocate limited supply and maintain positive customer relations. If we underestimate customer demand, we may forego revenue opportunities, lose market share and damage our customer relationships. Conversely, if we overestimate customer demand, we may allocate resources to manufacturing products that we may not be able to sell. As a result, we would have excess or obsolete inventory, resulting in a decline in the value of our inventory, which would increase our cost of revenue and create a drain on our liquidity. Our failure to accurately manage inventory against demand would adversely affect our financial results.
To remain competitive, we need to continue to reduce the cost of our semiconductor chips, which includes migrating to smaller geometrical process, and our failure to do so may harm our business.
We periodically evaluate the benefits, on a product-by-product basis, of migrating to smaller geometrical processes, which are measured in microns or nanometers. We have designed our products to be manufactured in 0.8 micron, 0.25 micron, 0.18 micron, 0.13 micron, 0.09 micron (or 90 nanometer) and 0.065 micron (or 65 nanometer) geometrical processes. We may migrate some of our current products to smaller geometrical process technologies, and over time, we are likely to migrate to even smaller geometries. The smaller geometry generally reduces our production and packaging costs, which may enable us to be competitive in our pricing. The transition to smaller geometries requires us to work with our subcontractors to modify the manufacturing processes for our products, to develop new and more complex quality assurance tests and to redesign some products. In the past, we have experienced some difficulties in shifting to smaller geometry process technologies or new manufacturing processes, which resulted in reduced manufacturing yields, delays in product deliveries and increased product costs and expenses. We may face similar difficulties, delays and expenses as we continue to transition our products to smaller geometry processes, all of which could harm our relationships with our customers, and our failure to do so would impact our ability to provide competitive prices to our customers, which would have a negative impact on our sales. Additionally, upfront expenses associated with smaller geometry process technologies such as for masks and tooling can be significantly higher than those for the processes that we currently use, and our migration to these newer process technologies can result in significantly higher research and development expenses.
The complexity of our products could result in unforeseen delays or expenses and in undetected defects or bugs, which could damage our reputation with current or prospective customers and adversely affect the market acceptance of new products.
Highly complex products such as those that we offer frequently contain defects (commonly referred to as “bugs”), particularly when they are first introduced or as new versions are released. In the past, we have experienced, and may in the future experience, defects or bugs in our products. These defects or bugs may originate in third party intellectual property incorporated into our products as well as in technology or software designed by Ikanos’ engineers. If any of our products contains defects or bugs, or have reliability, quality or compatibility problems, our reputation may be damaged; and our OEM customers may be reluctant to buy our products, which could harm our ability to retain existing customers and attract new customers. In addition, these defects or bugs could interrupt or delay sales or shipment of our products to our customers.
We recently completed a purchase of certain DSL assets from Centillium Communications, and if we are not successful in integrating the technology and employees from the acquisition into our existing business, then our operating results may be harmed.
In February 2008, we completed the acquisition of DSL assets from Centillium Communications, Inc. Through this acquisition, we added approximately 30 employees, acquired Centillium’s DSL business, including nearly 60 patents and patent applications, and assumed responsibility for filling orders and supporting installed products with customers principally in Japan and Europe. This acquisition, and the associated integration of people, technology and customers, has taken some of management’s time and may require further effort. The revenue of the acquired business has been highly concentrated among a limited number of customers, some of which were Ikanos customers prior to the acquisition. If our efforts to integrate people and technology are unsuccessful, if we are unable to retain the newly acquired customers, or if this acquisition negatively impacts our relationship with our current customers, our financial results could be adversely affected.
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Acquisitions, strategic partnerships, joint ventures or investments may impair our capital and equity resources, divert our management’s attention or otherwise negatively impact our operating results.
We intend to continue to pursue acquisitions, strategic partnerships and joint ventures that we believe may allow us to complement our growth strategy, increase market share in our current markets and expand into adjacent markets, broaden our technology and intellectual property and strengthen our relationships with carriers and OEMs. For example, in 2006, we completed the NPA acquisition. This transaction consumed significant management attention, added to our expenses and used $32.7 million in cash. In February 2008, we purchased certain DSL assets from Centillium for approximately $11.9 million in cash. Any future acquisition, partnership, joint venture or investment may require that we pay significant cash, issue stock, thereby diluting existing stockholders, or incur substantial debt. Acquisitions, partnerships or joint ventures may also require significant managerial attention, which may divert our focus. These capital, equity and managerial commitments may impair the operation of our business. Furthermore, acquired businesses may not be effectively integrated, may be unable to maintain key pre-acquisition business relationships, may result in the loss of key personnel, may contribute to increased fixed costs and may expose us to unanticipated liabilities and otherwise harm our operating results.
We face intense competition in the semiconductor industry and the broadband communications markets, which could reduce our market share and negatively impact our revenue.
The semiconductor industry and the broadband communications markets are intensely competitive. In the VDSLx or VDSL-like technology, PON and network processing markets, we currently compete or expect to compete with, among others, Broadcom Corporation, Broadlight, Cavium Networks, Conexant Systems, Inc., Freescale Semiconductor, Inc., Infineon Technologies A.G., Intel Corporation, Marvell Technology Group Ltd., PMC-Sierra, Inc., Realtek Semiconductor Corp, Teknovus, Thomson S.A., and TrendChip Technologies Corp. We expect competition to continue to increase. Competition has resulted and may continue to result in declining average selling prices for our products and market share.
We consider other companies that have access to DMT technology as potential competitors in the future, and we also may face competition from newly established competitors, suppliers of products based on new or emerging technologies and customers who choose to develop their own semiconductors. To remain competitive, we need to provide products that are designed to meet our customers’ needs. Our products must:
• | achieve optimal product performance; |
• | comply with industry standards; |
• | be cost-effective for our customers’ use in their systems; |
• | meet functional specifications; |
• | be introduced timely to the market; and |
• | be supported by a high-level of customer service and support. |
Many of our competitors operate their own fabrication facilities or have stronger manufacturing partner relationships than we have. In addition, many of our competitors have extensive technology libraries that could enable them to incorporate fiber-fast broadband or network processing technologies into a more attractive product line than ours. Many of them also have longer operating histories, greater name recognition, larger customer bases, and significantly greater financial, sales and marketing, manufacturing, distribution, technical and other resources than we do. These competitors may be able to adapt more quickly to new or emerging technologies and changes in customer requirements. In addition, current and potential competitors have established or may establish financial or strategic relationships among themselves or with existing or potential customers, resellers or other third parties. Accordingly, new competitors or alliances among competitors could emerge and rapidly acquire significant market share. Existing or new competitors may also develop alternative technologies that more effectively address our markets with products that offer enhanced features and functionality, lower power requirements, greater levels of semiconductor integration or lower cost. We cannot assure you that we will be able to compete successfully against current or new competitors, in which case we may lose market share in our existing markets and our revenue may fail to increase or may decline.
Other data transmission technologies and network processing technologies may compete effectively with the carrier services addressed by our products, which could adversely affect our revenue and business.
Our revenue currently is dependent upon the increase in demand for carrier services that use xDSL broadband technology and integrated residential gateways. Besides VDSLx and other DMT-based technologies, carriers can decide to deploy PON or fiber. In this case, fiber is used to connect directly to the residence instead of using the existing copper phone line. As such, if a carrier decides to deploy fiber-to-the-home, our VDSL solutions are not required. For example, a major carrier in Korea announced its intention to use more fiber-to-the-home deployments in the future. Such deployments of fiber may be in lieu of VDSLx solutions. If more carriers decide to use fiber-to-the-home deployments, it could harm our business.
Furthermore, residential gateways compete against a variety of different data distribution technologies, including Ethernet routers, set-top boxes provided by cable and satellite providers, wireless (WiFi and WiMax) and emerging power line and multimedia over coax alliance technologies. If any of these competing technologies proves to be more reliable, faster or less expensive than, or has any other advantages over the Fiber Fast broadband technologies we provide, the demand for our products may decrease and our business would be harmed.
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If we are unable to develop, introduce or to achieve market acceptance of our new semiconductor products, our operating results would be adversely affected.
Our future success depends on our ability to develop new semiconductor products and transition to new products, introduce these products in a cost-effective and timely manner and convince OEMs to select our products for design into their new systems. Our historical quarterly results have been, and we expect that our future results will continue to be, dependent on the introduction of a relatively small number of new products and the timely completion and delivery of those products to customers. The development of new semiconductor products is complex, and from time to time we have experienced delays in completing the development and introduction of new products. We have in the past invested substantial resources in emerging technologies that did not achieve the market acceptance that we had expected. Our ability to develop and deliver new semiconductor products successfully will depend on various factors, including our ability to:
• | successfully integrate certain technologies acquired in acquisitions into our product lines; |
• | accurately predict market requirements and evolving industry standards; |
• | accurately define new semiconductor products; |
• | timely complete and introduce new product designs or features; |
• | timely qualify and obtain industry interoperability certification of our products and the equipment into which our products will be incorporated; |
• | ensure that our subcontractors have sufficient foundry capacity and packaging materials and achieve acceptable manufacturing yields; |
• | shift our products to smaller geometry process technologies to achieve lower cost and higher levels of design integration; and |
• | gain market acceptance of our products and our OEM customers’ products. |
If we are unable to develop and introduce new semiconductor products successfully and in a cost-effective and timely manner, we will not be able to attract new customers or retain our existing customers, which would harm our business.
Our products include a significant amount of firmware. If we are unable to deliver the firmware in a timely manner, we may have to delay revenue recognition at the end of a quarter, which could lead to significant unplanned fluctuations in our quarterly revenue. As a result, we may fail to meet or exceed our forecasts or the expectations of securities analysts or investors, which could cause our stock price to decline.
In connection with new product introductions in a given market, we release production quality code to our OEM customers. This firmware is required for our products to function as intended. If the production-ready firmware is not released in a timely manner, we may have to defer all revenue related to the semiconductors that we may have already shipped during the quarter, and therefore, cause us to miss our revenue guidance. In addition, a customer may demand a specific future software feature as part of its order. As such, we may have to delay recognition on some or all of our revenue related to that customer’s order until the future software feature is delivered. Such delays or deferrals in revenue recognition could lead to significant fluctuations in our quarterly revenue and operating results and cause us to fail to meet or exceed our quarterly revenue guidance.
We recently took steps to outsource our physical back-end semiconductor design process to a third-party. If this transition is unsuccessful, we could delay the release of upcoming products or incur more costs related to the design and manufacturing of our products.
In September 2007, we decided to outsource our physical back-end design process resulting in the impairment and write-off of $2.9 million in software design tools and the termination of approximately 15 employees. Loss of their knowledge and expertise may harm our development efforts, and transition to a third-party could result in production delays and increased costs. Furthermore, outsourcing our back-end semiconductor design could result in longer design cycles and an inefficient semiconductor design layout, resulting in an increase in manufacturing costs and a decrease in the performance of our products.
Rapidly changing standards and regulations could make our products obsolete, which would cause our revenue and operating results to suffer.
We design our products to conform to regulations established by governments and to standards set by industry standards bodies worldwide such as the Committee T1E1.4 (now known as NIPP-NAI) of the Alliance for Telecommunications Industry Solutions (ATIS is accredited by the American National Standards Institute (ANSI)), and worldwide by both the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) and the International Telecommunications Union (ITU-T). Because our products are designed to conform to current specific industry standards, if competing standards emerge that are preferred by our customers, we would have to make significant expenditures to develop new products. If our customers adopt new or competing industry standards with which our products are not compatible, or the industry groups adopt standards or governments issue regulations with which our products are not compatible, our existing products would become less desirable to our customers, and our revenue and operating results would suffer.
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If we fail to secure or protect our intellectual property rights, competitors may be able to use our technologies, which could weaken our competitive position, reduce our revenue or increase our cost.
Our success will depend, in part, on our ability to protect our intellectual property. We rely on a combination of patent, copyright, trademark and trade secret laws, confidentiality procedures and licensing arrangements to establish and protect our proprietary rights. With limited exceptions, we do not currently have any applications on file in any foreign jurisdictions with respect to our intellectual property notwithstanding the fact nearly all of our revenue is generated outside of the United States. Our pending patent applications may not result in issued patents, and our existing and future patents may not be sufficiently broad to protect our proprietary technologies or may be held invalid or unenforceable in court. While we are not currently aware of misappropriation of our existing technology, policing unauthorized use of our technology is difficult and we cannot be certain that the steps we have taken will prevent the misappropriation or unauthorized use of our technologies, particularly in foreign countries where we have not applied for patent protections and, even if such protections were available, the laws may not protect our proprietary rights as fully as United States law. The patents we have obtained or licensed, or may obtain or license in the future, may not be adequate to protect our proprietary rights. Our competitors may independently develop or may have already developed technology similar to ours, duplicate our products or design around any patents issued to us or our other intellectual property. In addition, we have been, and may be, required to license our patents as a result of our participation in various standards organizations. If competitors appropriate our technology and we are not adequately protected, our competitive position would be harmed, our legal costs would increase and our revenue would be harmed.
Third-party claims of infringement or other claims against us could adversely affect our ability to market our products, require us to redesign our products or seek licenses from third parties, and harm our business. In addition, any litigation required to defend such claims could result in significant expenses and diversion of our resources.
Companies in the semiconductor industry often aggressively protect and pursue their intellectual property rights. From time to time, we receive, and are likely to continue to receive in the future, notices that claim our products infringe upon other parties’ proprietary rights. While we do not believe that we are currently infringing on the proprietary rights of third parties, we may in the future be engaged in litigation with parties who claim that we have infringed their patents or misappropriated or misused their trade secrets or who may seek to invalidate one or more of our patents, and it is possible that we would not prevail in any future lawsuits. An adverse determination in any of these types of claims could prevent us from manufacturing or selling some of our products could increase our costs of products and could expose us to significant liability. Any of these claims could harm our business. For example, in a patent or trade secret action, a court could issue a preliminary or permanent injunction that would require us to withdraw or recall certain products from the market or redesign certain products offered for sale or that are under development. In addition, we may be liable for damages for past infringement and royalties for future use of the technology and we may be liable for treble damages if infringement is found to have been willful. Even if claims against us are not valid or successfully asserted, these claims could result in significant costs and a diversion of management and personnel resources to defend.
Any potential dispute involving our patents or other intellectual property could also include our manufacturing subcontractors and OEM customers and/or carriers using our products, which could trigger our indemnification obligations to them and result in substantial expense to us.
In any potential dispute involving our patents or other intellectual property, our manufacturing subcontractors and OEM customers could also become the target of litigation. Because we often indemnify our customers for intellectual property claims made against them for products incorporating our technology, any litigation could trigger technical support and indemnification obligations in some of our license agreements, which could result in substantial expenses such as increased legal expenses, damages for past infringement or royalties for future use. From time to time, we receive notices that customers have received potential infringement notices from third parties. While we have not incurred any indemnification expenses as a result of notices received to date, any future indemnity claim could adversely affect our relationships with our OEM customers and result in substantial costs to us.
Changes in current or future laws or regulations or the imposition of new laws or regulations by federal or state agencies or foreign governments could impede the sale of our products or otherwise harm our business.
The effects of regulation on our customers or the industries in which they operate may materially and adversely impact our business. For example, the Ministry of Internal Affairs and Communications in Japan, the Ministry of Communications and Information in Korea, various national regulatory agencies in Europe, as well as the European Commission in the European Union, along with the U.S. Federal Communications Commission have broad jurisdiction over our target markets. Although the laws and regulations of these and other federal or state agencies may not be directly applicable to our products, they do apply to much of the equipment into which our products are incorporated. Governmental regulatory agencies worldwide may affect the ability of telephone companies to offer certain services to their customers or other aspects of their business, which may in turn impede sales of our products.
Compliance with the requirements imposed by Section 404 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act could harm our operating results, our ability to operate our business and our investors’ view of us.
If we do not maintain the adequacy of our internal controls, as standards are modified, supplemented or amended from time to time, we may not be able to ensure that we can conclude on an ongoing basis that we have effective internal control over financial reporting in accordance with Section 404 of Sarbanes-Oxley. There is a risk that neither we, nor our independent registered public accounting firm, will be able to conclude that our internal control over financial reporting is effective as required by Section 404 of Sarbanes-Oxley. In addition, during the course of our testing we may identify deficiencies that we may not be able to remediate in time to meet the deadline imposed by Sarbanes-Oxley for compliance with the requirements of Section 404. Effective internal controls, particularly those related to revenue recognition, valuation of inventory and warranty provisions, are necessary for us to produce reliable financial reports and are important to helping prevent financial fraud. If we cannot provide reliable financial reports or prevent fraud, our business and operating results could be harmed, investors could lose confidence in our reported financial information, and the trading price of our stock could drop significantly.
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We are highly dependent on manufacturing, development and sales activities outside of the United States; and as our international manufacturing, development and sales operations expand, we will be increasingly exposed to various legal, business, political and economic risks associated with our international operations.
We currently obtain substantially all of our manufacturing, assembly and testing services from suppliers and subcontractors located outside the United States, and have a significant portion of our research and development team located in Bangalore and Hyderabad, India. In addition, 97% of our revenue for the three months ended March 31, 2008 and 94% of our revenue for the year ended December 30, 2007 was derived from sales to customers outside the United States. We have expanded our international business activities and may open other design and operational centers abroad. International operations are subject to many other inherent risks, including but not limited to:
• | political, social and economic instability, including war and terrorist acts; |
• | exposure to different legal standards, particularly with respect to intellectual property; |
• | natural disasters and public health emergencies; |
• | trade and travel restrictions; |
• | the imposition of governmental controls and restrictions or unexpected changes in regulatory requirements; |
• | burdens of complying with a variety of foreign laws; |
• | import and export license requirements and restrictions of the United States and each other country in which we operate; |
• | foreign technical standards; |
• | changes in tariffs; |
• | difficulties in staffing and managing international operations; |
• | fluctuations in currency exchange rates; |
• | difficulties in collecting receivables from foreign entities or delayed revenue recognition; and |
• | potentially adverse tax consequences. |
Because we are currently substantially dependent on our foreign sales, research and development and operations, any of the factors described above could significantly harm our ability to produce quality products in a timely and cost effective manner, and increase or maintain our foreign sales.
Fluctuations in exchange rates between and among the Euro, the Indian rupee, the Japanese yen, the Korean won, the Singapore dollar and the U.S. dollar, and, as well as other currencies in which we do business, may adversely affect our operating results.
We maintain extensive operations internationally. We have large offices in Bangalore and Hyderabad, India and other offices in France, Japan, Korea, Singapore and Taiwan. We incur a portion of our expenses in currencies other than the U.S. dollar, including the Euro, the Indian rupee, the Korean won, the Japanese yen, Singapore dollar and the Taiwanese dollar. As a result, we may experience foreign exchange gains or losses due to the volatility of these currencies compared to the U.S. dollar. Because we report our results in U.S. dollars, the difference in exchange rates in one period compared to another directly impacts period to period comparisons of our operating results. In addition, our sales have been historically denominated in U.S. dollars; if recent trends were to change, an increase in the U.S. dollar relative to the currencies of the countries that our customers operate in could materially affect our Asian and European customers’ demand for our products, thereby forcing them to reduce their orders, which would adversely affect our business. Furthermore, currency exchange rates have been especially volatile in the recent past and these currency fluctuations may make it difficult for us to predict and/or provide guidance on our results.
Currently, we have not implemented any strategies to mitigate risks related to the impact of fluctuations in currency exchange rates. We currently intend to implement a forward currency purchase hedging strategy; however, not every exposure is or can be hedged, and, where hedges are put in place based on expected foreign exchange exposure, they are based on forecasts which may vary or which may later prove to have been inaccurate. Failure to hedge successfully or anticipate currency risks properly could adversely affect our operating results. We cannot predict future currency exchange rate changes.
Several of the facilities that manufacture our products, most of our OEM customers and the carriers they serve, and our California facility are located in regions that are subject to earthquakes and other natural disasters.
Several of our subcontractors’ facilities that manufacture, assemble and test our products, and four of our subcontractor’s wafer foundries, are located in Malaysia, Singapore and Taiwan. Our customers are currently primarily located in Japan and Korea. The Asia-Pacific region has experienced significant earthquakes and other natural disasters in the past and could be subject to additional seismic activities. Any earthquake or other natural disaster in these areas could significantly disrupt these manufacturing facilities’ production capabilities and could result in our experiencing a significant delay in delivery, or substantial shortage, of wafers in particular, and possibly in higher wafer prices, and our products in general. Our headquarters in California are also located near major earthquake fault lines. If there is a major earthquake or any other natural disaster in a region where one of our facilities is located, it could significantly disrupt our operations.
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Our investments in marketable securities may experience a permanent decline in value, which would require us to recognize a charge and adversely affect our operating results.
Our marketable securities portfolio, which totals $78.9 million at march 30, 2008, includes auction rate securities of $7.2 million (at cost). Auction rate securities are securities that are structured with short-term interest rate reset dates of generally less than ninety days, but with contractual maturities that can be well in excess of ten years. At the end of each interest reset period, which occurs every seven to thirty-five days, investors can sell or continue to hold the securities at par. In the third quarter of 2007, certain auction rate securities with a cost value of $7.2 million failed auction and did not sell. We recorded a temporary impairment within other comprehensive income (loss), a component of stockholders' equity, of approximately $0.6 million at March 30, 2008 related to these auction rate securities. Although we believe that the decline in the fair market value of these securities is temporary, there is a risk that the decline in value may ultimately be deemed to be permanent, which would result in a loss being recognized in our statement of operations.
Changes in our tax rates could affect our future results.
Our future effective tax rates could be favorably or unfavorably affected by the absolute amount and future geographic distribution of our pre-tax income, our ability to successfully shift our operating activities to our foreign operations and the amount and timing of inter-company payments from our foreign operations subject to U.S. income taxes related to the transfer of certain rights and functions.
Risks Related to Our Common Stock
Our stock price has been and may continue to be volatile, and you may not be able to resell shares of our common stock at or above the price you paid, or at all.
The market price of our common stock has fluctuated substantially since our initial public offering and is likely to continue to be highly volatile and subject to wide fluctuations. Fluctuations have occurred and may continue to occur in response to various factors, many of which we cannot control, including:
• | quarter-to-quarter variations in our operating results; |
• | announcements of changes in our senior management; |
• | the gain or loss of one or more significant customers or suppliers; |
• | announcements of technological innovations or new products by our competitors, customers or us; |
• | the gain or loss of market share in any of our markets; |
• | general economic and political conditions and specific conditions in the semiconductor industry and broadband technology markets, including seasonality in sales of consumer products into which our products are incorporated; |
• | continuing international conflicts and acts of terrorism; |
• | changes in earnings estimates or investment recommendations by analysts; |
• | changes in investor perceptions; |
• | changes in product mix; or |
• | changes in expectations relating to our products, plans and strategic position or those of our competitors or customers. |
The closing sale price of our common stock on the NASDAQ Global Market for the period of December 31, 2006 to March 30, 2008 ranged from a low of $3.81 to a high of $9.45.
In addition, the market prices of securities of semiconductor and other technology companies have been volatile, particularly companies, like ours, with low trading volumes. This volatility has significantly affected the market prices of securities of many technology companies for reasons frequently unrelated to the operating performance of the specific companies. Accordingly, you may not be able to resell your shares of common stock at or above the price you paid.
The pending class action litigation could cause us to incur substantial costs and divert our management’s attention and resources.
In November 2006, three putative class action lawsuits were filed in the United States District Court for the Southern District of New York against the Company, our directors and two former executive officers, as well as the lead underwriters for our initial and secondary public offerings. The lawsuits were consolidated and an amended complaint was filed on April 24, 2007. The amended complaint alleges certain material misrepresentations and omissions by us in connection with our initial public offering in September 2005 and the follow-on offering in March 2006 concerning our business and prospects, and seek unspecified damages. On June 25, 2007, we filed motions to dismiss the amended complaint; plaintiffs opposed our motions, and a hearing on our motions were heard on January 16, 2008. The Court dismissed the case with prejudice on March 10, 2008. On March 25, 2008, plaintiffs filed a motion requesting that the Court reconsider its order dismissing the case and permit plaintiffs to file a second amended complaint. Defendants have opposed plaintiffs’ motion to reconsider. The matter is now pending before the Court. We cannot predict the likely outcome of this litigation. If we are not successful in our defense of the lawsuits, we could be forced to make significant payments to class members and their lawyers, and such payments could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, cash flows and results of operations, if not covered by our insurance carriers. Even if such claims are not successful, the litigation could result in substantial expenses and the diversion of management’s attention, which could have an adverse effect on our business.
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If securities or industry analysts do not continue to publish research or reports about our business, or if they issue an adverse opinion regarding our stock, our stock price and trading volume could decline.
The trading market for our common stock is influenced by the research and reports that industry or securities analysts publish about us or our business. If one or more of the analysts who cover us issue an adverse opinion regarding our stock, our stock price would likely decline. If one or more of these analysts cease coverage of our company or fail to regularly publish reports on us, we could lose visibility in the financial markets, which in turn could cause our stock price or trading volume to decline.
The recently-announced decision to repurchase up to $10 million of the Company’s common stock may not be positively received by investors or may not occur at all.
Our Board of Directors recently authorized a new program to repurchase shares of our outstanding common stock having an aggregate value of up to $10 million, as opportunities arise and depending upon market conditions and other factors. The timing, amount and nature of the stock repurchases will be at the discretion of management. Our Board of Directors authorized the repurchase program based upon the belief that it is an appropriate use of the Company’s cash, and a benefit to stockholders. The program, as authorized by the Board does not obligate us to acquire any particular amount of common stock, and may be modified, suspended or discontinued at any time at management’s sole discretion. Repurchases under the new program may be made in open market or privately negotiated transactions in compliance with applicable legal requirements., Certain factors, including a substantial increase in the stock price or an unexpected competing cash requirement may prevent us from executing all or a portion of this repurchase program.
Substantial future sales of our common stock in the public market could cause our stock price to fall.
As of April 23, 2008, we had approximately 29.7 million shares of common stock outstanding. Of these shares, 6.4 million were sold in our initial public offering in September 2005 and an additional 2.5 million were sold in a follow-on public offering in March 2006. All of these shares are freely tradable under federal and state securities laws without further registration under the Securities Act, except that any shares held by our “affiliates” (as that term is defined under Rule 144 of the Securities Act) may be sold only in compliance with the limitations under Rule 144. The remaining outstanding shares are “restricted securities” and generally are available for sale in the public market at various times upon qualification for exemption pursuant to Rules 144 and/or 701 of the Securities Act.
In the future, we intend to issue additional shares to our employees, directors or consultants, and may issue shares in connection with corporate alliances or acquisitions, as well as in follow-on offerings to raise additional capital. Due to these factors, sales of a substantial number of shares of our common stock in the public market could occur at any time. These sales could reduce the market price of our common stock.
Delaware law and our corporate charter and bylaws contain anti-takeover provisions that could delay or discourage takeover attempts that stockholders may consider favorable.
Provisions in our certificate of incorporation may have the effect of delaying or preventing a change of control or changes in our management. These provisions include the following:
• | the right of the board of directors to elect a director to fill a vacancy created by the expansion of the board of directors; |
• | the establishment of a classified board of directors requiring that not all members of the board be elected at one time; |
• | the prohibition of cumulative voting in the election of directors which would otherwise allow less than a majority of stockholders to elect director candidates; |
• | the requirement for advance notice for nominations for election to the board of directors or for proposing matters that can be acted upon at a stockholders’ meeting; |
• | the ability of the board of directors to alter our bylaws without obtaining stockholder approval; |
• | the ability of the board of directors to issue, without stockholder approval, up to 5,000,000 shares of preferred stock with terms set by the board of directors, which rights could be senior to those of common stock; |
• | the required approval of holders of at least two-thirds of the shares entitled to vote at an election of directors to adopt, amend or repeal our bylaws or amend or repeal the provisions of our certificate of incorporation regarding the election and removal of directors and the ability of stockholders to take action; |
• | the required approval of holders of a majority of the shares entitled to vote at an election of directors to remove directors for cause; and |
• | the elimination of the right of stockholders to call a special meeting of stockholders and to take action by written consent. |
We are also subject to provisions of the Delaware General Corporation Law that, in general, prohibit any business combination with a beneficial owner of 15% or more of our common stock for three years after the point in time that such stockholder acquired shares constituting 15% or more of our shares, unless the holder’s acquisition of our stock was approved in advance by our board of directors.
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Item 2. | Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds |
None
Item 6. | Exhibits |
An Exhibit Index has been attached as part of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q and is incorporated herein by reference.
Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the Registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned thereunto duly authorized.
IKANOS COMMUNICATIONS, INC. | ||||||||
Dated: May 7, 2008 | By: | /s/Michael A. Ricci | ||||||
Michael A. Ricci | ||||||||
President and Chief Executive Officer | ||||||||
(Principal Executive Officer) | ||||||||
Dated: May 7, 2008 | By: | /s/ Cory J. Sindelar | ||||||
Cory J. Sindelar | ||||||||
Vice President and Chief Financial Officer | ||||||||
(Principal Financial and Accounting Officer) |
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IKANOS COMMUNICATIONS, INC.
EXHIBITS TO FORM 10-Q QUARTERLY REPORT
For the Quarter Ended March 30, 2008
Exhibit | Description | |
10.1 | Summary of Registrant’s 2008 Executive Bonus Program. Incorporated by reference to the Registrant’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed with the SEC on April 25, 2008 (File No. 000-51532). | |
10.2* | 2008 Sales Compensation Plan for the Vice President of Worldwide Sales. | |
31.1* | Certification of Chief Executive Officer pursuant to Securities Exchange Act Rules 13a-14(a) and 15d-14(a), as adopted pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002. | |
31.2* | Certification of Chief Financial Officer pursuant to Securities Exchange Act Rules 13a-14(a) and 15d-14(a), as adopted pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002. | |
32.1* | Certification of Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002. |
* | Filed Herewith. |
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