Stockholders' Equity and Equity Instruments | Stockholders' Equity and Equity Instruments: In the first nine months of 2015, the Company granted 120,956 stock options, 19,492 restricted stock units (“RSUs”) and 35,584 performance stock units (“PSUs”) to certain employees under its 2005 Incentive Award Plan. The Company’s closing stock price on the grant date was used to set the exercise price for the options and the fair value of the RSUs. The options vest ratably on each anniversary date over a four -year service period. Unexercised options expire after seven years . The RSUs vest on the third anniversary following the grant date. None of the awards granted have voting rights. The RSUs granted entitle the holders to receive non-forfeitable dividends or other distributions equal to those declared on the Company’s common stock for RSUs earned. In May 2015, the Company’s shareholders approved the 2015 Incentive Award Plan, which authorizes the issuance of 3,000,000 shares. Since the date the 2015 Incentive Award Plan was approved, the Company ceased issuing equity awards under the 2005 Incentive Award Plan. The PSUs granted in the first nine months of 2015 have a three -year performance period beginning in 2015 and ending in 2017 and earn units of between 0% and 150% based upon the attainment of certain performance conditions. The Company granted two types of PSUs in the first nine months of 2015. The total shareholder return PSU (“TSR PSU”) is earned by determining the Company’s total shareholder return, compared to the total shareholder return for each company comprising the Russell 3000 Index over the three -year performance period. The return on invested capital PSU (“ROIC PSU”) is earned by averaging the Company’s annual return on invested capital over the three -year performance period. The performance units will vest three years after the grant date. The PSUs granted entitle the holders to receive non-forfeitable dividends or other distributions equal to those declared on the Company’s common stock from the grant date through the vest date for PSUs earned. To estimate the fair value of options on the grant date, the Company uses the Black-Scholes option valuation model . Award recipients are grouped according to expected exercise behavior. Unless better information is available to estimate the expected term of the options, the estimate is based on historical exercise experience. The risk-free rate, using U.S. Treasury yield curves in effect at the time of grant, is selected based on the expected term of each group. The Company’s historical stock price is used to estimate expected volatility. The range of estimates and calculated fair values for options granted during the first nine months of 2015 is included in the table below. The weighted-average grant date fair value of these options was $14.78 . Range Fair value of options granted $ 14.22 - $15.09 Exercise price $ 91.75 - $93.26 Expected term (years) 4.5-5 Expected volatility 24.7% - 25.0% Dividend yield 3.1% Risk-free rate of return 1.3% - 1.6 % To estimate the fair value of the TSR PSUs on the grant date, the Company uses a Monte-Carlo simulation model , which simulates future stock prices of the Company as well as the companies comprising the Russell 3000 Index. This model uses historical stock prices to estimate expected volatility and the Company’s correlation to the Russell 3000 Index. The risk-free rate was determined using the same methodology as the option valuations as discussed above. The estimated fair value of the TSR PSUs granted in 2015 is $111.07 per unit. The Company’s closing stock price on the grant date was used to set the fair value of the ROIC PSUs. The Company will adjust the expense of the ROIC PSUs based upon its estimate of the number of shares that will ultimately vest at each interim date during the three -year vesting period. During the nine months ended September 30, 2015 , the Company reissued 31,104 shares of treasury stock related to the exercise of stock options, 15,952 shares related to the release of RSUs which vested, 10,454 shares related to the release of PSUs which vested and 31,141 shares related to stock payments. The Company recognized a tax benefit of $0.1 million from its equity compensation awards as an increase to additional paid-in capital during the first nine months of 2015 . During the first nine months of 2015 and 2014 , the Company recorded $4.9 million and $3.7 million , respectively, of compensation expense pursuant to its stock-based compensation plans. No amounts have been capitalized. The following table summarizes stock-based compensation activity during the nine months ended September 30, 2015 . Stock Options RSUs PSUs (a) Number Weighted-average exercise price Number Weighted-average fair value Number Weighted-average fair value Outstanding at December 31, 2014 278,429 $ 79.23 88,532 $ 76.58 59,627 $ 88.69 Granted 120,956 91.76 19,492 91.76 35,584 100.49 Exercised (b) (31,104 ) 72.20 — — — — Released from restriction (b) — — (15,952 ) 71.69 (10,454 ) 74.49 Cancelled/Expired (9,060 ) 84.81 (2,188 ) 81.56 (6,689 ) 81.47 Outstanding at September 30, 2015 359,221 $ 83.88 89,884 $ 80.62 78,068 $ 96.59 (a) Until they vest, PSUs are included in the table at the 100% attainment level at their grant date and at that level represent one share per unit. The final performance period for the 2012 PSU grant was completed in 2014. The Company issued 10,454 shares and cancelled 4,443 PSUs due to performance in the first quarter of 2015 related to the 2012 PSU grant. (b) Common stock issued for exercised options and RSUs and PSUs released from restriction was issued from treasury stock. Other Comprehensive Income (Loss) The Company’s comprehensive income (loss) is comprised of net earnings, net amortization of the unrealized loss of the pension obligation, the change in the unrealized gain (loss) on natural gas cash flow hedges and foreign currency translation adjustments. The components of and changes in accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) (“AOCI”) as of and for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2015 and 2014 are as follows (in millions): Three Months Ended September 30, 2015 (a) Gains and (Losses) on Cash Flow Hedges Defined Benefit Pension Foreign Currency Total Beginning balance $ (1.5 ) $ (8.4 ) $ (43.1 ) $ (53.0 ) Other comprehensive income (loss) before reclassifications (b) (0.3 ) — (37.4 ) (37.7 ) Amounts reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) 0.3 0.2 — 0.5 Net current period other comprehensive income (loss) — 0.2 (37.4 ) (37.2 ) Ending balance $ (1.5 ) $ (8.2 ) $ (80.5 ) $ (90.2 ) Three Months Ended September 30, 2014 (a) Gains and (Losses) on Cash Flow Hedges Defined Benefit Pension Foreign Currency Total Beginning balance $ 0.4 $ (8.7 ) $ 46.9 $ 38.6 Other comprehensive income (loss) before reclassifications (b) (0.5 ) — (28.4 ) (28.9 ) Amounts reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) — 0.3 — 0.3 Net current period other comprehensive income (loss) (0.5 ) 0.3 (28.4 ) (28.6 ) Ending balance $ (0.1 ) $ (8.4 ) $ 18.5 $ 10.0 Nine Months Ended September 30, 2015 (a) Gains and (Losses) on Cash Flow Hedges Defined Benefit Pension Foreign Currency Total Beginning balance $ (2.0 ) $ (9.0 ) $ (4.5 ) $ (15.5 ) Other comprehensive income (loss) before reclassifications (b) (0.9 ) — (76.0 ) (76.9 ) Amounts reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) 1.4 0.8 — 2.2 Net current period other comprehensive income (loss) 0.5 0.8 (76.0 ) (74.7 ) Ending balance $ (1.5 ) $ (8.2 ) $ (80.5 ) $ (90.2 ) Nine Months Ended September 30, 2014 (a) Gains and (Losses) on Cash Flow Hedges Defined Benefit Pension Foreign Currency Total Beginning balance $ 0.3 $ (9.3 ) $ 43.5 $ 34.5 Other comprehensive income (loss) before reclassifications (b) 0.2 — (25.0 ) (24.8 ) Amounts reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) (0.6 ) 0.9 — 0.3 Net current period other comprehensive income (loss) (0.4 ) 0.9 (25.0 ) (24.5 ) Ending balance $ (0.1 ) $ (8.4 ) $ 18.5 $ 10.0 (a) With the exception of the cumulative foreign currency translation adjustment, for which no tax effect is recorded, the changes in the components of accumulated other comprehensive gain (loss) presented in the table above are reflected net of applicable income taxes. (b) The Company recorded foreign exchange (gains) losses of approximately $13.0 million and $27.6 million in the three months and nine months ended September 30, 2015 , respectively, and $10.4 million and $10.8 million in the three and nine months ended September 30, 2014 , respectively, in accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) related to intercompany notes which were deemed to be of long-term investment nature. The amounts reclassified from AOCI to (income) expense for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2015 and 2014 are shown below (in millions): Amount Reclassified from AOCI Three Months Ended Nine Months Ended Line Item Impacted in the Consolidated Statement of Operations Gains and (losses) on cash flow hedges: Natural gas instruments $ 0.5 $ 2.2 Product cost (0.2 ) (0.8 ) Income tax expense (benefit) Reclassifications, net of income taxes 0.3 1.4 Amortization of defined benefit pension: Amortization of loss $ 0.3 $ 1.0 Product cost (0.1 ) (0.2 ) Income tax expense (benefit) Reclassifications, net of income taxes 0.2 0.8 Total reclassifications, net of income taxes $ 0.5 $ 2.2 Amount Reclassified from AOCI Three Months Ended Nine Months Ended Line Item Impacted in the Consolidated Statement of Operations Gains and (losses) on cash flow hedges: Natural gas instruments $ (0.1 ) $ (1.0 ) Product cost 0.1 0.4 Income tax expense (benefit) Reclassifications, net of income taxes — (0.6 ) Amortization of defined benefit pension: Amortization of loss $ 0.4 $ 1.2 Product cost (0.1 ) (0.3 ) Income tax expense (benefit) Reclassifications, net of income taxes 0.3 0.9 Total reclassifications, net of income taxes $ 0.3 $ 0.3 |