Warrants | 12. Warrants The following table summarizes the Company’s outstanding warrants to purchase common stock as of September 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018: Number of Warrants: Warrant Issuance September 30, 2019 December 31, 2018 Exercise Price Expiration Date Liability-classified Warrants January 2014 Investors - 39,683 $ 153.60 Jan. 2019 November 2015 Investors 104,168 104,168 $ 63.60 May 2021 November 2015 Placement Agent 279 279 $ 63.60 Nov. 2020 March 2016 Investors 50,651 50,651 $ 50.40 Sept. 2021 September 2016 Investors 67,084 67,084 $ 36.00 Mar. 2022 June 2017 Investors 126,264 126,264 $ 48.00 Dec. 2022 June 2017 Placement Agent 15,153 15,153 $ 49.50 June 2022 October 2017 Investors 136,058 136,058 $ 34.20 Apr. 2023 October 2017 Placement Agent 16,327 16,327 $ 36.72 Oct. 2022 Total liability classified warrants 515,984 555,667 Equity-classified Warrants October 2018 Investors 480,771 480,771 $ 20.04 Apr. 2024 October 2018 Placement Agent 28,848 28,848 $ 19.50 Oct. 2023 January 2019 Investors 895,886 - $ 9.60 Jan. 2024 Total equity-classified warrants 1,405,505 509,619 Total outstanding warrants 1,921,489 1,065,286 The following table summarizes the Company’s warrant activity for the nine months ended September 30, 2019: Number of Warrants Liability-classified Equity- classified Total Weighted average exercise price Balance, January 1, 2019 555,667 509,619 1,065,286 $ 37.52 Issued during the period - 895,886 895,886 $ 9.60 Exercised during the period - - - $ - Expired during the period (39,683) - (39,683) $ 153.60 Balance, September 30, 2019 515,984 1,405,505 1,921,489 $ 22.10 At September 30, 2019, the weighted average remaining contractual life of the outstanding warrants was 3.9 years. The following table summarizes the fair value of the liability-classified warrants as of the respective balance sheet dates: Fair Value as of: Warrant Issuance: September 30, 2019 December 31, 2018 November 2015 Investors $ 1,205 $ 234,918 November 2015 Placement Agent - 435 March 2016 Investor 6,140 160,099 September 2016 Investors 15,370 333,834 June 2017 Investors 35,714 623,324 June 2017 Placement Agent 2,881 65,149 October 2017 Investors 57,196 801,551 October 2017 Placement Agent 5,366 88,276 Total: $ 123,872 $ 2,307,586 The assumptions used in calculating the fair values of the liability-classified warrants are as follows: September 30, 2019 December 31, 2018 Trading market prices $ 2.05 $ 11.16 Estimated future volatility 104 % 105 % Dividend - - Estimated future risk-free rate 1.42 -1.57 % 2.35 -2.53 % Equivalent volatility 98-117 % 99-104 % Equivalent risk-free rate 1.70 -1.80 % 2.51 -2.55 % Fundamental transaction likelihood 50 % 5 % Fundamental transaction timing March 2020 End of warrant term In September 2019, the Company commenced a process to explore and evaluate strategic alternatives to enhance shareholder value, which could result in a fundamental transaction as defined by the warrant agreements. Therefore, the Company adjusted the likelihood and timing of its fundamental transaction assumptions when calculating the fair values of the liability-classified warrants as of September 30, 2019. Changes in the fair value of the warrant liabilities, carried at fair value, reported as “unrealized gain (loss) on fair value of warrants” in the statement of operations: For the Three Months Ended September 30, For the Nine Months Ended September 30, 2019 2018 2019 2018 Expired Warrants $ - $ - $ - $ 64,307 November 2015 Investors 9,560 5,971 233,713 860,772 November 2015 Placement Agent - 211 435 2,345 March 2016 Investors 6,286 (38,943) 153,959 401,092 September 2016 Investors 28,382 (109,915) 318,464 461,570 June 2017 Investors 69,660 (178,869) 587,610 922,342 June 2017 Placement Agent 5,804 (22,518) 62,268 105,822 October 2017 Investors 112,729 (331,671) 744,355 828,906 October 2017 Placement Agent 10,439 (34,331) 82,910 104,975 Total: $ 242,860 $ (710,065) $ 2,183,714 $ 3,752,131 |