Summary of Significant Accounting Policies | Summary of Significant Accounting Policies Basis of Presentation The consolidated financial statements have been prepared in accordance with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles, or U.S. GAAP, and include the accounts of Jazz Pharmaceuticals plc and our subsidiaries and intercompany transactions and balances have been eliminated. Our consolidated financial statements include the results of operations of businesses we have acquired from the date of each acquisition for the applicable reporting periods. Reclassifications Certain prior period amounts presented in these consolidated financial statements and the accompanying footnotes have been reclassified to conform to the current period presentation. The indirect effects of certain unrecognized tax benefits, previously classified within other non-current assets as of December 31, 2015, have been reclassified to deferred tax assets, net, non-current and deferred tax liability, net, non-current in the consolidated balance sheet and Note 18. Adoption of New Accounting Standards Effective January 1, 2016, we adopted Accounting Standards Update, or ASU, No. 2015-03 “Interest - Imputation of Interest”, or ASU No. 2015-03. ASU No. 2015-03 requires debt issuance costs related to a recognized debt liability to be presented in the balance sheet as a direct deduction from the debt liability instead of as an asset. The standard requires retrospective application. The adoption of ASU No. 2015-03 resulted in a $16.1 million reduction of both deferred financing costs and long-term debt, less current portion in our consolidated balance sheet as of December 31, 2015 . In March 2016, the Financial Accounting Standards Board, or the FASB issued ASU No. 2016-09, “Improvements to Employee Share-Based Payment Accounting”. The standard simplifies several areas of accounting for share-based compensation arrangements. ASU No. 2016-09 is effective for us beginning January 1, 2017. We elected to early adopt ASU No. 2016-09 in the fourth quarter of 2016 which required us to reflect any adjustments as of January 1, 2016, the beginning of the annual period that includes the interim period of adoption. ASU No. 2016-09 requires that all excess tax benefits and tax deficiencies be recognized as income tax benefit or expense in the income statement and no longer delays recognition of a tax benefit until the tax benefit is realized through a reduction to taxes payable. On adoption of ASU No. 2016-09, we recorded a $107.7 million cumulative-effect adjustment to opening retained earnings and deferred tax assets, net, non-current as of January 1, 2016 for previously unrecognized excess tax benefits and recognized excess tax benefits of $7.7 million in our income tax provision for the year ended December 31, 2016. Adoption of the changes to the accounting for statutory withholding tax requirements had no impact on our consolidated financial statements. We elected to continue to estimate forfeitures expected to occur in determining the amount of compensation cost to be recognized in each period. We elected to apply the presentation requirements for cash flows related to excess tax benefits retrospectively to all periods presented which resulted in an increase in net cash provided by operating activities and a reduction in net cash provided by financing activities of $1.8 million for the year ended December 31, 2014. There was no impact on our consolidated statement of cash flows for the year ended December 31, 2015. The presentation requirements for cash flows related to employee taxes paid for withheld shares had no impact on any of the periods presented in our consolidated statements of cash flows since such cash flows have historically been presented as a financing activity. Significant Risks and Uncertainties Our financial results remain significantly influenced by sales of Xyrem. In 2016 , net product sales of Xyrem were $1,107.6 million , which represented 75% of total net product sales. Our ability to maintain or increase sales of Xyrem in its approved indications is subject to a number of risks and uncertainties, including the potential commercialization of a generic version of Xyrem, including in connection with the recent approval by the FDA of an abbreviated new drug application, or ANDA, for a generic version of Xyrem, as well as tentative approval of two additional ANDAs; the potential U.S. introduction of an alternative product to Xyrem for treating cataplexy and/or EDS, in narcolepsy; changes to, increases of or uncertainties around regulatory restrictions, including changes to our Xyrem risk evaluation and mitigation strategy, or REMS, particularly in light of the FDA’s waiver of the single shared system REMS requirement for sodium oxybate and approval of a separate generic sodium oxybate REMS; any increase in pricing pressure from, or restrictions on reimbursement imposed by, third party payors; changes in healthcare laws and policy, including changes in requirements for patient assistance programs, rebates, reimbursement and coverage by federal healthcare programs, and changes resulting from increased scrutiny on pharmaceutical pricing by government entities; operational disruptions at the Xyrem central pharmacy or any failure to comply with our REMS obligations to the satisfaction of the FDA; any supply or manufacturing problems, including our sole source Xyrem API provider; continued acceptance of Xyrem by physicians and patients, even in the face of negative publicity that surfaces from time to time; changes to our label, including new safety warnings or changes to our boxed warning, that further restrict how we market and sell Xyrem; and our U.S.-based sodium oxybate and Xyrem suppliers’ ability to obtain sufficient quotas from the U.S. Drug Enforcement Administration, or DEA, to satisfy our needs for Xyrem. Seven companies sent us notices that they had filed ANDAs with the FDA seeking approval to market a generic version of Xyrem, and we filed patent lawsuits against each of these companies in the District Court for New Jersey, or District Court. In the second quarter of 2016, we settled two of these lawsuits, granting the settling ANDA applicants a license to manufacture, market and sell their generic versions of Xyrem on or after December 31, 2025, or earlier depending on the occurrence of certain events. In 2016, the District Court consolidated all of our pending patent litigation (other than our lawsuit filed in August 2016) against West-Ward Pharmaceuticals Corp., formerly known as Roxane Laboratories, Inc., or Roxane, and set the case for trial in the second quarter of 2017. In the first quarter of 2017, the District Court bifurcated and stayed the part of the consolidated case involving the patents on the Xyrem distribution system, or REMS patents. We cannot predict the timing or outcome of this or the other ANDA litigation proceedings. In July 2016, the Patent Trial and Appeal Board, or PTAB, of the U.S. Patent and Trademark Office, or USPTO, issued final decisions that the claims of six of seven REMS patents are unpatentable; if the United States Court of Appeals for the Federal Circuit upholds those decisions on appeal, these claims will be canceled, and we will not be able to enforce these patents. For a description of these legal proceedings, see “Legal Proceedings” in Part I, Item 3 of this Annual Report on Form 10-K. On January 17, 2017, the FDA announced approval of Roxane’s ANDA for a generic version of Xyrem. The FDA’s letter approving Roxane’s ANDA notes that Roxane was the first ANDA applicant and is eligible for 180 days of generic drug exclusivity for its generic product. Roxane’s approval also includes a waiver that permits Roxane to use a separate REMS program from Xyrem, on the condition that Roxane’s waiver-granted REMS system be open to all future sponsors of ANDAs or NDAs for sodium oxybate products. On January 19, 2017, the FDA tentatively approved two additional ANDAs for generic versions of Xyrem, one for Amneal Pharmaceuticals, or Amneal, and one for Ohm Laboratories Inc., formerly known as Ranbaxy, Inc., or Ranbaxy. While the FDA has approved or tentatively approved ANDAs seeking to market generic versions of Xyrem and we believe that it is likely that the FDA will approve or tentatively approve additional ANDAs, the timing of any potential commercial launch of a generic version of Xyrem is uncertain. We do not believe a launch by an ANDA filer is likely to occur prior to either a date agreed in a settlement agreement between us and such ANDA filer or a District Court, or potentially an appellate court, decision in our ongoing patent litigation. If we prevail at trial or on appeal, we cannot guarantee that the court will grant an injunction that prevents the ANDA filers from marketing their generic versions of Xyrem. Instead, the court may order an ANDA filer that is found to infringe to pay damages in the form of lost profits or a reasonable royalty, which could be significant. We expect that the launch of a generic version of Xyrem, or the approval and launch of other products that compete with Xyrem, would have a material adverse effect on our sales of Xyrem and on our business, financial condition, results of operations and growth prospects. For further discussion regarding the risks associated with FDA approval of the Roxane ANDA, tentative approval of the Amneal and Ranbaxy ANDAs, potential approval or tentative approval of additional ANDAs and the potential launch of a generic version of Xyrem, or the approval and launch of other sodium oxybate products that compete with Xyrem, as well as other risks and challenges we face with respect to Xyrem, see “Business-Government Regulation-The Hatch-Waxman Act” in Part I, Item 1 and the risk factors under the headings “Risks Related to Xyrem and the Significant Impact of Xyrem Sales” and “Risks Related to Our Intellectual Property” in Part I, Item 1A of this Annual Report on Form 10-K. In August 2015, we implemented the current Xyrem REMS, and we have submitted and expect to continue to submit ongoing assessments as set forth in the FDA’s Xyrem REMS approval letter. However, we cannot guarantee that our implementation and ongoing assessments will be satisfactory to the FDA or that the Xyrem REMS will satisfy the FDA’s expectations in its evaluation of the Xyrem REMS on an ongoing basis. Any failure to comply with the REMS obligations could result in enforcement action by the FDA; lead to changes in our Xyrem REMS obligations; negatively affect sales of Xyrem; result in additional costs and expenses for us; and/or take a significant amount of time, any of which could materially and adversely affect our business, financial condition, results of operations and growth prospects. Further, we cannot predict whether the FDA will seek to require or ultimately require modifications to the Xyrem REMS, including with respect to the distribution system (particularly now that the FDA has approved a separate REMS for the ANDA filers that contemplates interaction with the Xyrem REMS), or seek to otherwise impose or ultimately impose additional requirements to the Xyrem REMS, or the potential timing, terms or propriety thereof. Any such modifications or additional requirements could potentially make it easier for future sodium oxybate competitors, make it more difficult or expensive for us to distribute Xyrem, make distribution easier for future sodium oxybate competitors, impair the safety profile of Xyrem and/or negatively affect sales of Xyrem. We may face pressure to modify the Xyrem REMS, or to license or share intellectual property pertinent to the Xyrem REMS, including proprietary data required for safe distribution of sodium oxybate, in connection with the FDA’s approval of the generic sodium oxybate REMS. We cannot predict the outcome or impact on our business of any future action that we may take with respect to the approval of the generic sodium oxybate REMS, or licensing or sharing intellectual property pertinent to our Xyrem REMS or elements of the Xyrem REMS. For more information, see the risk factors under the headings “ The approval and launch of a generic version of Xyrem or other sodium oxybate products that compete with Xyrem would adversely affect sales of Xyrem ” and “ We have incurred and expect to continue to incur substantial costs as a result of litigation or other proceedings relating to patents, other intellectual property rights and related matters, and we may be unable to protect our rights to, or commercialize, our products ” in Part I, Item 1A of this Annual Report on Form 10‑K. In September 2016, Jazz Pharmaceuticals, Inc., our wholly owned subsidiary, submitted a Citizen Petition to the FDA requesting that, for safety reasons, the FDA refuse to approve any sodium oxybate ANDA with a proposed package insert or REMS that omits the portions of the Xyrem package insert and the Xyrem REMS that instruct prescribers on adjusting the dose of the product when it is co-administered with divalproex sodium (also known as valproate or valproic acid). On January 17, 2017, the FDA granted the Citizen Petition with respect to the Xyrem package insert. The FDA concluded that it will not approve any sodium oxybate ANDA referencing Xyrem that does not include in its package insert the portions of the currently approved Xyrem package insert related to the drug-drug interaction with divalproex sodium. The FDA stated that it did not need to reach the question of whether the drug-drug interaction, or DDI, information could have been excluded from the generic sodium oxybate REMS materials because it was approving a REMS in connection with a sodium oxybate ANDA including that information. Our Xyrem patents include three DDI patents covering these instructions on the Xyrem package insert and Xyrem REMS. We cannot predict whether or when one or more of the ANDA filers may pursue a challenge to the FDA’s response to the Citizen Petition or whether any such challenges would be successful. Likewise, we cannot predict whether we will be able to maintain the validity of any of our patents or will otherwise obtain a judicial determination that the generic sodium oxybate package insert or the generic sodium oxybate REMS will infringe any of our patents or, if we prevail in proving infringement, whether a court will grant an injunction that prevents the ANDA filers from marketing their generic versions of Xyrem or instead require the ANDA filers to pay damages in the form of lost profits or a reasonable royalty. For a description of these matters, see “Legal Proceedings” in Part I, Item 3 of this Annual Report on Form 10-K, “Business-Government Regulation-The Hatch-Waxman Act” in this Part I, Item 1, and the risk factors under the headings “Risks Related to Xyrem and the Significant Impact of Xyrem Sales” and “Risks Related to Our Intellectual Property” in Part I, Item 1A of this Annual Report on Form 10-K. Obtaining and maintaining appropriate reimbursement for Xyrem in the U.S. is increasingly challenging due to, among other things, the attention being paid to healthcare cost containment and prescription drug pricing, pricing pressure from third party payors and increasingly restrictive reimbursement conditions being imposed by third party payors. In this regard, we have experienced and expect to continue to experience increasing pressure from third party payors to agree to discounts, rebates or other pricing terms for Xyrem. Any such restrictive pricing terms or additional reimbursement conditions could have a material adverse effect on our Xyrem revenues. In addition, drug pricing by pharmaceutical companies has recently come under close scrutiny, particularly with respect to companies that have increased the price of products after acquiring those products from other companies. We expect that healthcare policies and reforms intended to curb healthcare costs will continue to be proposed, which could limit the prices that we charge for our products, including Xyrem, limit our commercial opportunity and/or negatively impact revenues from sales of our products. Also, price increases on Xyrem and our other products, and negative publicity regarding pricing and price increases generally, whether with respect to our products or products distributed by other pharmaceutical companies, could negatively affect market acceptance of Xyrem and our other products. In 2016 , sales of our second largest product, Erwinaze/Erwinase (which we refer to in this report as Erwinaze unless otherwise indicated or the context otherwise requires) were $200.7 million , which represented 14% of total net product sales. We seek to maintain and increase sales of Erwinaze, as well as to make Erwinaze more widely available, through ongoing sales and marketing and research and development activities. However, our ability to successfully and sustainably maintain or grow sales of Erwinaze is subject to a number of risks and uncertainties, including the limited population of patients with ALL and the incidence of hypersensitivity reactions to E. coli-derived asparaginase within that population, our need to apply for and receive marketing authorizations, through the European Union’s mutual recognition procedure or otherwise, in certain additional countries so we can launch promotional efforts in those countries, as well as those other risks and uncertainties discussed in “Risk Factors” in Part I, Item 1A of this Annual Report on Form 10-K. Erwinaze is licensed from and manufactured by a single source, Porton Biopharma Limited, or PBL. Erwinaze was approved by the FDA under a biologics license application, or BLA, and was launched in the U.S. in November 2011. The Erwinaze BLA includes a number of post-marketing commitments related to the manufacture of Erwinaze by PBL. We cannot predict if or when PBL will comply with its manufacturing-related post-marketing commitments that are part of the BLA approval. In January 2017, the FDA issued a warning letter to PBL, citing significant violations of FDA’s current Good Manufacturing Practices, or cGMP, for finished pharmaceuticals and significant deviations from cGMP for active pharmaceutical ingredients, or APIs. We cannot predict if or when PBL will correct the violations and deviations to the satisfaction of the FDA. Any failure to do so could result in the FDA refusing admission of Erwinaze into the U.S., as well as additional enforcement actions by the FDA and other regulatory entities. In addition, a significant challenge to our ability to maintain current sales levels and to increase sales is our need to avoid supply interruptions of Erwinaze due to capacity constraints, production delays, quality or regulatory challenges or other manufacturing difficulties. The current manufacturing capacity for Erwinaze is completely absorbed by demand for the product. We are working with PBL to evaluate potential expansion of its production capacity to increase the supply of Erwinaze over the longer term and to address the production delays, quality challenges and related regulatory scrutiny. As a consequence of constrained manufacturing capacity, we have had an extremely limited or no ability to build product inventory levels that can be used to absorb disruptions to supply resulting from quality, regulatory or other issues. We have experienced product quality, manufacturing and inventory challenges that have resulted, and may continue to result, in disruptions in our ability to supply certain markets, including the U.S., from time to time and have caused, and may in the future cause, us to implement batch-specific, modified product use instructions. Most recently, we experienced supply interruptions of Erwinaze in the U.S. and other countries in the third and fourth quarters of 2016. We cannot predict whether the FDA’s required remediation activities in connection with the warning letter will further strain manufacturing capacity and adversely affect Erwinaze supply, particularly in light of our extremely limited product inventory. As capacity constraints and supply disruptions continue, whether as a result of continued quality or other manufacturing issues, regulatory issues or otherwise, we will be unable to build a desired excess level of product inventory, our ability to supply the market may continue to be compromised and physicians’ decisions to use Erwinaze have been, and in the future may continue to be, negatively impacted. Additional Erwinaze supply interruptions and/or our inability to expand production capacity could materially adversely affect our sales of and revenues from Erwinaze and our potential future maintenance and growth of the market for this product. Sales of Defitelio/defibrotide were 7% of our net product sales in 2016. We acquired this product in January 2014 in connection with our acquisition of Gentium S.r.l., or Gentium, which we refer to as the Gentium Acquisition, and secured worldwide rights to the product by acquiring rights to defibrotide in the Americas in August 2014. We launched Defitelio in certain European countries in 2014 and continued to launch in additional European countries on a rolling basis through 2016. We are in the process of making pricing and reimbursement submissions with respect to Defitelio in those European countries where Defitelio is not yet launched, including in countries where pricing and reimbursement approvals are required for launch. Our ability to realize the anticipated benefits from our investment in Defitelio/defibrotide is subject to risks and uncertainties, including those discussed in “Risk Factors” in Part I, Item 1A of this Annual Report on Form 10-K. In particular, we may not be able to successfully maintain or grow sales of Defitelio in Europe, or obtain marketing approval in other countries, which could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, results of operations and growth prospects. A key challenge to our success in maintaining or growing sales of Defitelio in Europe is our ability to obtain appropriate pricing and reimbursement approvals in those European countries where Defitelio is not yet launched. If we experience delays or unforeseen difficulties in obtaining favorable pricing and reimbursement approvals, planned launches in the affected countries would be delayed, or, if we are unable to ultimately obtain favorable pricing and reimbursement approvals in countries that represent significant markets, especially where a country’s reimbursed price influences other countries, our growth prospects in Europe could be negatively affected. In March 2016, the FDA approved our NDA for Defitelio for the treatment of adult and pediatric patients with VOD with renal or pulmonary dysfunction following HSCT. We promote Defitelio along with Erwinase to many hematology and oncology specialists who operate in the same hospitals, and we believe that we benefit from operational synergies from this overlap. We launched Defitelio in the U.S. shortly after FDA approval, and our U.S. commercial launch is still at an early stage. Our ability to realize the anticipated benefits from our investment in Defitelio is subject to risks and uncertainties, including the continued acceptance of Defitelio in the U.S. by hospital pharmacy and therapeutics committees and the continued availability of adequate coverage and reimbursement by government programs and third party payors; the lack of experience of U.S. physicians in diagnosing and treating VOD, particularly in adults, and the possibility that physicians may delay initiation of treatment or terminate treatment before the end of the recommended dosing schedule; our ability to successfully maintain or grow sales of Defitelio in Europe; delays or problems in the supply or manufacture of the product; the limited size of the population of VOD patients who are indicated for treatment with Defitelio (particularly if changes in HSCT treatment protocols reduce the incidence of VOD diagnosis); our ability to meet the post-marketing commitments and requirements imposed by the FDA in connection with its approval of our NDA for Defitelio; and our ability to obtain marketing approval in other countries and to develop the product for additional indications, as well as those other risks and uncertainties discussed in “Risk Factors” in Part I, Item 1A of this Annual Report on Form 10-K. If sales of Defitelio do not reach the levels we expect, our anticipated revenue from the product will be negatively affected, which could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, results of operations and growth prospects. In addition, in 2016, we made a significant investment in Vyxeos through the Celator Acquisition. Our ability to realize the anticipated benefits from this investment is subject to a number of risks and uncertainties discussed in “Risk Factors” in Part I, Item 1A of this Annual Report on Form 10-K. If we are unable to obtain regulatory approval for Vyxeos in the U.S. or in Europe in a timely manner, or at all, or if sales of an approved Vyxeos product do not reach the levels we expect, our anticipated revenue from Vyxeos would be negatively affected, which could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, results of operations and growth prospects. In addition to risks specifically related to Xyrem, Erwinaze, Defitelio/defibrotide and Vyxeos, we are subject to other challenges and risks specific to our business and our ability to execute on our strategy, as well as risks and uncertainties common to companies in the pharmaceutical industry with development and commercial operations. These risks and uncertainties include: • the challenges of protecting and enhancing our intellectual property rights; • the challenges of achieving and maintaining commercial success of our products; • delays or problems in the supply or manufacture of our products and product candidates, particularly with respect to certain products as to which we maintain limited inventories, our dependence on single source suppliers for most of our products, product candidates and APIs, and the requirement that we and our product suppliers be qualified by the FDA to manufacture product and comply with applicable manufacturing regulations; • the need to obtain and maintain appropriate pricing and reimbursement for our products in an increasingly challenging environment due to, among other things, the attention being paid to healthcare cost containment and other austerity measures and pharmaceutical pricing in the U.S. and worldwide, including the need to obtain and maintain reimbursement for Xyrem in the U.S. in an environment in which we are subject to increasingly restrictive conditions for reimbursement required by government programs and third party payors; • our ability to identify and acquire, in-license or develop additional products or product candidates to grow our business; • the challenges of compliance with the requirements of the FDA, the DEA, and comparable non-U.S. regulatory agencies, including with respect to product labeling, requirements for distribution, obtaining sufficient DEA quotas where needed, marketing and promotional activities, patient assistance programs, adverse event reporting and product recalls or withdrawals; • the difficulty and uncertainty of pharmaceutical product development, including the timing thereof, and the uncertainty of clinical success, such as the risk that results from preclinical studies and/or early clinical trials may not be predictive of results obtained in later and larger clinical trials planned or anticipated to be conducted for our product candidates; • the inherent uncertainty associated with the regulatory approval process, especially as we continue to increase investment in our product pipeline development projects and undertake multiple planned NDA submissions for our product candidates; • the risks associated with business combination or product or product candidate acquisition transactions, including risks associated with the Celator Acquisition, such as the challenges inherent in the integration of acquired businesses with our historical business, the increase in geographic dispersion among our centers of operation and the risks that we may acquire unanticipated liabilities along with acquired businesses or otherwise fail to realize the anticipated benefits (commercial or otherwise) from such transactions; and • possible restrictions on our ability and flexibility to pursue certain future opportunities as a result of our substantial outstanding debt obligations, as a result of, among other things, the Celator Acquisition. Business Acquisitions Our consolidated financial statements include the results of operations of an acquired business from the date of acquisition. We account for acquired businesses using the acquisition method of accounting. The acquisition method of accounting for acquired businesses requires, among other things, that assets acquired, liabilities assumed and any noncontrolling interests in the acquired business be recognized at their estimated fair values as of the acquisition date, with limited exceptions, and that the fair value of acquired in-process research and development, or IPR&D, be recorded on the balance sheet. Also, transaction costs are expensed as incurred. Any excess of the acquisition consideration over the assigned values of the net assets acquired is recorded as goodwill. Contingent consideration is included within the acquisition cost and is recognized at its fair value on the acquisition date. A liability resulting from contingent consideration is remeasured to fair value at each reporting date until the contingency is resolved and changes in fair value are recognized in earnings. Concentrations of Risk Financial instruments that potentially subject us to concentrations of credit risk consist of cash, cash equivalents and investments. Our investment policy permits investments in U.S. federal government and federal agency securities, corporate bonds or commercial paper issued by U.S. corporations, money market instruments, certain qualifying money market mutual funds, certain repurchase agreements, and tax-exempt obligations of U.S. states, agencies and municipalities and places restrictions on credit ratings, maturities, and concentration by type and issuer. We are exposed to credit risk in the event of a default by the financial institutions holding our cash, cash equivalents and investments to the extent recorded on the balance sheet. We are also subject to credit risk from our accounts receivable related to our product sales. We monitor our exposure within accounts receivable and record a reserve against uncollectible accounts receivable as necessary. We extend credit to pharmaceutical wholesale distributors and specialty pharmaceutical distribution companies, primarily in the U.S., and to other international distributors and hospitals. Customer creditworthiness is monitored and collateral is not required. We monitor deteriorating economic conditions in certain European countries which may result in variability of the timing of cash receipts and an increase in the average length of time that it takes to collect accounts receivable outstanding. Historically, we have not experienced significant credit losses on our accounts receivable and we do not expect to have write-offs or adjustments to accounts receivable which would have a material adverse effect on our financial position, liquidity or results of operations. As of December 31, 2016 , five customers accounted for 90% of gross accounts receivable including Express Scripts Specialty Distribution Services, Inc. and its affiliate CuraScript, Inc., or Express Scripts, which accounted for 73% of gross accounts receivable, and McKesson Corporation and affiliates, which accounted for 13% of gross accounts receivable. As of December 31, 2015 , five customers accounted for 90% of gross accounts receivable including Express Scripts, which accounted for 69% of gross accounts receivable, and IDIS Limited, which accounted for 11% of gross accounts receivable. We depend on single source suppliers for most of our products, product candidates and their APIs. We commenced manufacturing of Xyrem in our Ireland facility in the third quarter of 2016. Cash Equivalents and Investments We consider all highly liquid investments, readily convertible to cash, that mature within three months or less from date of purchase to be cash equivalents. Investments consist of time deposits with initial maturities of greater than three months. Collectively, cash equ |