Summary of Significant Accounting Policies | Summary of Significant Accounting Policies Basis of Presentation The consolidated financial statements of Columbia Property Trust have been prepared in accordance with the rules and regulations of the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission ("SEC"), including the instructions to Form 10-Q and Article 10 of Regulation S-X, and do not include all of the information and footnotes required by U.S. generally accepted accounting principles ("GAAP") for complete financial statements. In the opinion of management, the statements for the unaudited interim periods presented include all adjustments, which are of a normal and recurring nature, necessary for a fair and consistent presentation of the results for such periods. Results for these interim periods are not necessarily indicative of a full year's results. For additional information on Columbia Property Trust's unconsolidated joint ventures, which are accounted for using the equity method of accounting, see Note 4, Unconsolidated Joint Ventures . Columbia Property Trust's consolidated financial statements include the accounts of Columbia Property Trust, Columbia OP, and any variable-interest entity in which Columbia Property Trust or Columbia OP is deemed the primary beneficiary. With respect to entities that are not variable interest entities, Columbia Property Trust's consolidated financial statements also include the accounts of any entity in which Columbia Property Trust, Columbia OP, or their subsidiaries own a controlling financial interest and any limited partnership in which Columbia Property Trust, Columbia OP, or their subsidiaries own a controlling general partnership interest. All intercompany balances and transactions have been eliminated in consolidation. For further information, refer to the financial statements and footnotes included in Columbia Property Trust's Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2020 (the "2020 Form 10-K"). Fair Value Measurements Columbia Property Trust estimates the fair value of its assets and liabilities (where currently required under GAAP) consistent with the provisions of Accounting Standard Codification 820, Fair Value Measurements ("ASC 820"). Under this standard, fair value is defined as the price that would be received upon sale of an asset or paid upon transfer of a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date, under current market conditions. While various techniques and assumptions can be used to estimate fair value depending on the nature of the asset or liability, the accounting standard for fair value measurements and disclosures provides the following fair value technique parameters and hierarchy, depending upon availability: Level 1 – Assets or liabilities for which the identical term is traded on an active exchange, such as publicly traded instruments or futures contracts. Level 2 – Assets or liabilities valued based on observable market data for similar instruments. Level 3 – Assets or liabilities for which significant valuation assumptions are not readily observable in the market. Such assets or liabilities are valued based on the best available data, some of which may be internally developed. Significant assumptions may include risk premiums that a market participant would consider. Real Estate Assets Columbia Property Trust is required to make subjective assessments as to the useful lives of its depreciable assets. To determine the appropriate useful life of an asset, Columbia Property Trust considers the period of future benefit of the asset. These assessments have a direct impact on net income. The estimated useful lives of its assets by class are as follows: Buildings 40 years Building and site improvements 5-25 years Tenant improvements Shorter of economic life or lease term Intangible lease assets Lease term With respect to development and redevelopment projects, Columbia Property Trust capitalizes construction costs, including hard and soft costs, operating costs and interest expense, as applicable. Interest expense is capitalized on development, redevelopment, and improvement projects funded directly and through its interest in unconsolidated joint ventures. During the three months ended March 31, 2021 and 2020, $2.8 million and $2.6 million, respectively, of interest was capitalized to construction in progress; and during the three months ended March 31, 2021 and 2020, $0.8 million and $0.4 million, respectively, of interest was capitalized to investments in unconsolidated joint ventures. See Note 5., Line of Credit and Notes Payable , for additional information. Assets Held for Sale Columbia Property Trust classifies properties as held for sale according to Accounting Standard Codification 360, Accounting for the Impairment or Disposal of Long-Lived Assets ("ASC 360"). According to ASC 360, properties having separately identifiable operations and cash flows are considered held for sale when all of the following criteria are met: • Management, having the authority to approve the action, commits to a plan to sell the property. • The property is available for immediate sale in its present condition subject only to terms that are usual and customary for sales of such property. • An active program to locate a buyer and other actions required to complete the plan to sell the property have been initiated. • The property is being actively marketed for sale at a price that is reasonable in relation to its current fair value. • Actions required to complete the plan indicate that it is unlikely that significant changes to the plan will be made or that the plan will be withdrawn. • The sale of the property is probable (i.e., typically subject to a binding sale contract with a non-refundable deposit), and transfer of the property is expected to qualify for recognition as a completed sale within one year. As of March 31, 2021 and December 31, 2020, none of Columbia's properties met the criteria to be classified as held for sale in the accompanying consolidated balance sheets. Evaluating the Recoverability of Real Estate Assets Columbia Property Trust continually monitors events and changes in circumstances that could indicate that the net carrying amounts of its real estate and related intangible assets and liabilities, of both operating properties and properties under development or redevelopment, may not be recoverable. When indicators of potential impairment are present that suggest that the net carrying amounts of real estate assets and related intangible assets and liabilities may not be recoverable, Columbia Property Trust assesses the recoverability of these net assets by determining whether the respective carrying values will be recovered through the estimated undiscounted future cash flows expected from the use of the net assets and their eventual disposition. In the event that such expected undiscounted future cash flows do not exceed the carrying values, Columbia Property Trust adjusts the carrying values of the real estate assets and related intangible assets and liabilities to the estimated fair values, pursuant to the property, plant, and equipment accounting standard for the impairment or disposal of long-lived assets, and recognizes an impairment loss. At such time that a property is required to be classified as held for sale, its net carrying amount is adjusted to the lower of its depreciated book value or its estimated fair value, less costs to sell, and depreciation is no longer recognized. Estimated fair values are calculated based on the following hierarchy of information: (i) recently quoted market prices, (ii) market prices for comparable properties, or (iii) the present value of future cash flows, including estimated residual value. Projections of expected future operating cash flows require that Columbia Property Trust estimate future market rental income amounts subsequent to the expiration of current lease agreements, property operating expenses, the number of months it takes to re-lease the property, and the number of years the property is held for investment, among other factors. Due to the inherent subjectivity of the assumptions used to project future cash flows, estimated fair values may differ from the values that would be realized in market transactions. Certain of Columbia Property Trust's assets may be carried at an amount that exceeds that which could be realized in a current disposition transaction. Columbia Property Trust has determined that the carrying values of its real estate assets and related intangible assets are recoverable as of March 31, 2021. Intangible Assets and Liabilities Arising From In-Place Leases Where Columbia Property Trust Is the Lessor Upon the acquisition of real properties, Columbia Property Trust allocates the purchase price of the properties to tangible assets, consisting of land, building, site improvements, and identified intangible assets and liabilities, including the value of in-place leases, based in each case on Columbia Property Trust's estimate of their fair values in accordance with ASC 820 (see "Fair Value Measurements" section above for additional detail). As of March 31, 2021 and December 31, 2020, Columbia Property Trust had the following intangible assets and liabilities, arising from in-place leases, excluding amounts held for sale, if applicable (in thousands): Intangible Lease Assets Intangible Intangible Above-Market Absorption March 31, 2021 Gross $ 2,480 $ 99,153 $ 55,814 $ 21,281 Accumulated Amortization (1,416) (56,554) (35,662) (7,582) Net $ 1,064 $ 42,599 $ 20,152 $ 13,699 December 31, 2020 Gross $ 2,480 $ 101,542 $ 56,612 $ 23,287 Accumulated Amortization (1,374) (56,573) (35,161) (8,867) Net $ 1,106 $ 44,969 $ 21,451 $ 14,420 Amortization of Intangible Assets and Liabilities Arising From In-Place Leases For the three months ended March 31, 2021 and 2020, Columbia Property Trust recognized the following amortization of intangible lease assets and liabilities (in thousands): Intangible Lease Assets Intangible Intangible Above-Market Absorption For the Three Months Ended March 31, 2021 $ 42 $ 2,369 $ 1,299 $ 722 For the Three Months Ended March 31, 2020 $ 43 $ 3,700 $ 1,586 $ 1,596 The net intangible assets and liabilities remaining as of March 31, 2021 will be amortized as follows, excluding amounts held for sale, if applicable (in thousands): Intangible Lease Assets Intangible Intangible Above-Market Absorption For the remainder of 2021 $ 129 $ 6,594 $ 3,111 $ 2,080 For the years ending December 31: 2022 172 7,620 3,335 2,571 2023 172 6,138 2,810 1,995 2024 172 5,333 2,500 1,748 2025 172 3,943 1,849 1,182 2026 109 2,832 1,321 964 Thereafter 138 10,139 5,226 3,159 $ 1,064 $ 42,599 $ 20,152 $ 13,699 Investments in Unconsolidated Joint Ventures Columbia Property Trust uses the equity method to account for investments that are not wholly owned and: (i) are considered variable interest entities where the Company is not the primary beneficiary, or (ii) in which the Company, along with its co-owners, possesses substantive participation rights, including management selection and termination, and the approval of significant capital and operating decisions. Under the equity method, investments in unconsolidated joint ventures are recorded at cost and adjusted for cash contributions and distributions, and allocations of income or loss. Investments in Real Estate Funds Columbia Property Trust holds general partnership interests and limited partnership interests in three real estate funds: Normandy Real Estate Fund III, LP; Normandy Real Estate Fund IV, LP; and Normandy Opportunity Zone Fund, LP (collectively, the "Real Estate Funds"). The Company owns minimal economic interests in the Real Estate Funds (ranging from 2.0% to 2.5%). Significant decision rights are shared between the general partners and limited partners and a general partner can be removed with a majority vote from the limited partners. As a result, Columbia Property Trust accounts for its investments in the Real Estate Funds using the equity method. The Real Estate Funds are subject to the rules of the AICPA Investment Company Guide; as a result, GAAP requires the Company to record its investments in the Real Estate Funds at their respective estimated fair market values. The Company determines the Real Estate Funds' estimated net asset values per share using a discounted cash flow model, which is considered a Level 3 valuation technique (see "Fair Value Measurements " section above). As of March 31, 2021 and December 31, 2020, investments in the Real Estate Funds of approximately $4.2 million and $4.3 million, respectively, are included in prepaid expenses and other assets on the accompanying consolidated balance sheet. For the three months ended March 31, 2021 and 2020, Columbia Property Trust recognized unrealized losses on its investments in Real Estate Funds of approximately $0.2 million, which are recorded as other income (loss) in the accompanying consolidated statements of operations. Columbia Property Trust has entered into agreements to provide acquisition, disposition, investment management, property management, leasing, and other services to the properties in which the Real Estate Funds own interests. See Note 12, Non-Lease Revenues , for more details. From time to time, Columbia Property Trust may be required to make additional capital contributions to the Real Estate Funds. See Note 7, Commitments and Contingencies , for more details . Tenant Receivables Tenant receivables consist of rental and reimbursement billings due from tenants. Tenant receivables are recorded at the original amount earned, which approximates fair value. Management assesses the realizability of tenant receivables on an ongoing basis. When the collectability of tenant receivables is not considered probable, the receivable is written down against lease revenues. During the three months ended March 31, 2021 and 2020, $1,340,000 and $8,000, respectively, of tenant receivables were written down against lease revenues. Straight-Line Rent Receivable Straight-line rent receivable reflects the amount of cumulative adjustments necessary to present rental income on a straight-line basis. Columbia Property Trust recognizes rental revenues on a straight-line basis, ratably over the term of each lease; however, leases often provide for payment terms that differ from the revenue recognized. When the amount of cash billed is less than the amount of revenue recognized, typically early in the lease, straight-line rent receivable is recorded for the difference. The receivable is depleted during periods later in the lease when the amount of cash paid by the tenant is greater than the amount of revenue recognized. When the collection of future rental billings is not considered probable, tenants are moved to "cash basis billings," at which point the corresponding straight-line rent receivable is written-down against lease revenues, and future revenues are recognized upon receipt of payment. During the three months ended March 31, 2021, approximately $0.2 million of straight-line rent receivables were written down against lease revenues. Interest Rate Swap Agreements Columbia Property Trust enters into interest rate swap contracts to mitigate its interest rate risk on the related financial instruments. Columbia Property Trust does not enter into derivative or interest rate swap transactions for speculative purposes and currently does not have any derivatives that are not designated as hedges; however, certain of its derivatives may, at times, not qualify for hedge accounting treatment. Columbia Property Trust records the fair value of its interest rate swaps on its consolidated balance sheet either as prepaid expenses and other assets or as accounts payable, accrued expenses, and accrued capital expenditures. Changes in the fair value of interest rate swaps that are designated as cash flow hedges are recorded as other comprehensive income (loss). Changes in the fair value of interest rate swaps that do not qualify for hedge accounting treatment are recorded as gain or loss on interest rate swaps. Amounts received or paid under interest rate swap agreements are recorded as interest expense for contracts that qualify for hedge accounting treatment and as gain or loss on interest rate swaps for contracts that do not qualify for hedge accounting treatment. As of March 31, 2021, Columbia Property Trust has two interest rate swaps with an aggregate notional value of $450.0 million. The following tables provide additional information related to Columbia Property Trust's interest rate swaps (in thousands): Estimated Fair Value as of Instrument Type Balance Sheet Classification March 31, December 31, Derivatives Designated as Hedging Instruments: Interest rate contracts Accounts payable $ 14,096 $ 18,720 Columbia Property Trust applied the provisions of ASC 820 in recording its interest rate swaps at fair value. The fair values of the interest rate swaps, classified under Level 2, were determined using a third-party proprietary model that is based on prevailing market data for contracts with matching durations, current and anticipated London Interbank Offered Rate ("LIBOR") information, and reasonable estimates about relevant future market conditions. Columbia Property Trust has determined that the fair value, as determined by the third party, is reasonable. Three Months Ended 2021 2020 Market value adjustment to interest rate swaps designated as hedging instruments and included in other comprehensive income (loss) $ 4,624 $ (19,993) During the periods presented, no hedge ineffectiveness was required to be recognized into earnings on the interest rate swaps that qualified for hedge accounting treatment. Noncontrolling Interests Noncontrolling interests represent the portion of equity in consolidated entities that is owned by third parties. Noncontrolling interests are adjusted for cash contributions and distributions, and for earnings. Such earnings are allocated between the Company and noncontrolling interests using the hypothetical liquidation at book value method pursuant to the terms of the respective ownership agreements, and are reflected as net income (loss) attributable to noncontrolling interests in the accompanying consolidated statements of operations. Strategic Review Costs In the first quarter of 2021, the Company incurred approximately $2.4 million of strategic review and proxy contest costs related to a proxy contest, which was subsequently withdrawn in late April, and the ongoing strategic alternative review process. These costs are expensed as incurred. Income Taxes Columbia Property Trust has elected to be taxed as a REIT under the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended (the "Code") and has operated as such beginning with its taxable year ended December 31, 2003. To qualify as a REIT, the Company must meet certain organizational and operational requirements, including a requirement to distribute at least 90% of its REIT taxable income, as defined by the Code, to its stockholders. To the extent that Columbia Property Trust satisfies the distribution requirement but distributes less than 100% of its REIT taxable income, the Company would be subject to federal and state corporate income tax on the undistributed income. Generally, the Company does not incur federal income taxes, other than as described in the following paragraph, because its stockholder distributions typically exceed its taxable income due to noncash expenses such as depreciation. Columbia Property Trust is, however, subject to certain state and local taxes related to the operations of properties in certain locations, which have been provided for in the accompanying consolidated financial statements. Columbia Property Trust TRS, LLC; Columbia KCP TRS, LLC; Columbia Development TRS 13, LLC; and Columbia Development TRS 87, LLC (collectively, the "TRS Entities") are subsidiaries of the Company and are organized as Delaware limited liability companies. The TRS Entities, among other things, provide services related to asset and property management, construction and development, and other tenant services that Columbia Property Trust, as a REIT, cannot otherwise provide. The Company has elected to treat the TRS Entities as taxable REIT subsidiaries. Columbia Property Trust may perform certain additional, noncustomary services for tenants of its buildings through the TRS Entities; however, earnings of a TRS entity are subject to federal and state income taxes. In addition, for the Company to continue to qualify as a REIT, Columbia Property Trust must limit its investments in taxable REIT subsidiaries to 20% of the value of the total assets. The TRS Entities' deferred tax assets and liabilities represent temporary differences between the financial reporting basis and the tax basis of assets and liabilities based on the enacted rates expected to be in effect when the temporary differences reverse. If applicable, the Company records interest and penalties related to uncertain tax positions as general and administrative expense in the accompanying consolidated statements of operations. Reclassification Certain prior-period amounts on the consolidated statement of cash flows have been reclassified to conform with the current-period presentation. With respect to adjustments to reconcile net income to cash provided by operating activities, lease revenues reserved for doubtful accounts – tenant receivables includes amounts previously reported in decrease (increase) in tenant receivables, net. Recent Accounting Pronouncements Accounting Standard Update 2021-01, Reference Rate Reform ("ASC 2021-01"), which was issued on and effective as of January 7, 2021, refines the scope of ASC 848, Reference Rate Reform ("ASC 848"), which was codified last year to address the accounting and disclosure impacts of reference rate reform and the anticipated discontinuance of LIBOR. Columbia Property Trust has matched LIBOR-based debt with LIBOR-based interest rate swaps, and has elected to apply the practical expedients provided for in ASC 848 related to (i) probability and (ii) the assessment of the effectiveness for future LIBOR-indexed cash flows, which assume that the debt instrument will use the same index rate as its corresponding interest rate swap, once a new reference rate is established to replace LIBOR. Application of these expedients preserves the effectiveness of the Company's interest rate swaps as cash flow hedges in the event that its debt and interest rate swaps are not amended concurrently to reflect a new reference rate. ASC 2021-01 allows for entities to either apply the practical expedient as Columbia has elected to do, or change its effectiveness approach to a quantitative model as provided for in existing guidance. Columbia Property Trust continues to evaluate the impact of the guidance and may apply other elections as additional reference rate changes occur. ASC 848 and ASU 2021-01 may be |