Kronos Worldwide (KRO) 10-Q 2022 Q3 Quarterly report

UNITED STATES

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

Washington, D.C. 20549

FORM 10-Q

☒    QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF

THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the quarterly period ended September 30, 2022

OR

☐    TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF

THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the transition period from       to      

Commission file number 1-31763

KRONOS WORLDWIDE, INC.

(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)

DELAWARE	76-0294959
(State or other jurisdiction of incorporation or organization)	(IRS Employer Identification No.)

5430 LBJ Freeway, Suite 1700

Dallas, Texas 75240-2620

(Address of principal executive offices)

Registrant’s telephone number, including area code: (972) 233-1700

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:

Title of each class	Trading Symbol(s)	Name of each exchange on which registered
Common stock	KRO	NYSE

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days.   Yes  ☒    No  ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files).   Yes  ☒   No  ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, smaller reporting company or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company,” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.

Large accelerated filer	☐	Accelerated filer	☒
Non-accelerated filer	☐	Smaller reporting company	☐
Emerging growth company	☐

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Act).   Yes  ☐    No  ☒

Number of shares of the registrant’s common stock, $.01 par value per share, outstanding on October 31, 2022:  115,470,027.

KRONOS WORLDWIDE, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

INDEX

		Page number
Part I.	FINANCIAL INFORMATION
Item 1.	Financial Statements
	Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets -    December 31, 2021; September 30, 2022 (unaudited)	3
	Condensed Consolidated Statements of Income (unaudited) -    Three and nine months ended September 30, 2021 and 2022	5
	Condensed Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income (Loss) (unaudited) -    Three and nine months ended September 30, 2021 and 2022	6
	Condensed Consolidated Statements of Stockholders’ Equity (unaudited) -    Three and nine months ended September 30, 2021 and 2022	7
	Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows (unaudited) -    Nine months ended September 30, 2021 and 2022	8
	Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (unaudited)	10
Item 2.	Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations		17
Item 3.	Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosure About Market Risk		27
Item 4.	Controls and Procedures		27
Part II.	OTHER INFORMATION
Item 1A.	Risk Factors		28
Item 6.	Exhibits	28
Items 2, 3, 4 and 5 of Part II are omitted because there is no information to report.

2

KRONOS WORLDWIDE, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS

(In millions)

ASSETS	December 31,		September 30,
	2021		2022
			(unaudited)
Current assets:
Cash and cash equivalents	$	406.0	$	338.5
Restricted cash		2.1		1.5
Accounts and other receivables, net		379.1		357.5
Inventories, net		432.3		511.7
Prepaid expenses and other		38.5		47.6
Total current assets		1,258.0		1,256.8
Other assets:
Investment in TiO2 manufacturing joint venture		101.9		110.4
Restricted cash		4.5		4.4
Marketable securities		4.2		3.6
Operating lease right-of-use assets		19.9		20.3
Deferred income taxes		106.8		90.7
Other		14.1		12.0
Total other assets		251.4		241.4
Property and equipment:
Land		43.9		38.8
Buildings		222.2		201.2
Equipment		1,122.1		1,012.1
Mining properties		129.6		109.0
Construction in progress		72.7		66.4
		1,590.5		1,427.5
Less accumulated depreciation and amortization		1,087.1		982.8
Net property and equipment		503.4		444.7
Total assets	$	2,012.8	$	1,942.9

3

KRONOS WORLDWIDE, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS (CONTINUED)

(In millions)

LIABILITIES AND STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY	December 31,		September 30,
	2021		2022
			(unaudited)
Current liabilities:
Current maturities of long-term debt	$	1.4	$	1.3
Accounts payable and accrued liabilities		275.1		322.6
Income taxes		12.3		6.3
Total current liabilities		288.8		330.2
Noncurrent liabilities:
Long-term debt		449.8		390.9
Accrued pension costs		287.4		245.7
Payable to affiliate - income taxes		44.7		33.5
Operating lease liabilities		15.8		16.2
Deferred income taxes		28.1		23.4
Other		28.0		24.1
Total noncurrent liabilities		853.8		733.8
Stockholders’ equity:
Common stock		1.2		1.2
Additional paid-in capital		1,395.4		1,394.2
Retained deficit		(122.1)		(63.5)
Accumulated other comprehensive loss		(404.1)		(453.0)
Treasury stock, at cost		(.2)		-
Total stockholders’ equity		870.2		878.9
Total liabilities and stockholders’ equity	$	2,012.8	$	1,942.9

Commitments and contingencies (Notes 10 and 12)

See accompanying notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.

4

KRONOS WORLDWIDE, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF INCOME

(In millions, except per share data)

	Three months ended				Nine months ended
	September 30,				September 30,
	2021		2022		2021		2022
	(unaudited)
Net sales	$	499.8	$	459.6	$	1,443.4	$	1,587.8
Cost of sales		376.8		375.6		1,115.7		1,234.0
Gross margin		123.0		84.0		327.7		353.8
Selling, general and administrative expense		64.2		59.0		185.1		183.6
Other operating income:
Currency transactions, net		1.2		6.7		1.2		17.1
Other operating expense, net		(2.7)		(.9)		(8.7)		(8.0)
Income from operations		57.3		30.8		135.1		179.3
Other income (expense):
Interest and dividend income		-		1.4		.2		2.1
Marketable equity securities		(.1)		(2.9)		1.2		(.5)
Other components of net periodic pension and OPEB cost		(4.3)		(2.9)		(12.9)		(9.2)
Interest expense		(4.8)		(4.2)		(15.0)		(13.0)
Income before income taxes		48.1		22.2		108.6		158.7
Income tax expense		12.1		1.2		27.3		34.3
Net income	$	36.0	$	21.0	$	81.3	$	124.4
Net income per basic and diluted share	$	.31	$	.18	$	.70	$	1.08
Weighted average shares used in the calculation of net income per share		115.5		115.5		115.5		115.5

See accompanying notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.

5

KRONOS WORLDWIDE, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF COMPREHENSIVE INCOME (LOSS)

(In millions)

	Three months ended				Nine months ended
	September 30,				September 30,
	2021		2022		2021		2022
	(unaudited)
Net income	$	36.0	$	21.0	$	81.3	$	124.4
Other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax:
Currency translation		(7.8)		(25.9)		(3.8)		(55.6)
Defined benefit pension plans		3.5		2.2		10.5		6.9
Other postretirement benefit plans		(.1)		(.1)		(.2)		(.2)
Total other comprehensive income (loss), net		(4.4)		(23.8)		6.5		(48.9)
Comprehensive income (loss)	$	31.6	$	(2.8)	$	87.8	$	75.5

See accompanying notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.

6

KRONOS WORLDWIDE, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY

(In millions)

	Three months ended September 30, 2021 and 2022 (unaudited)
							Accumulated
			Additional				other
	Common		paid-in		Retained		comprehensive		Treasury
	stock		capital		deficit		loss		stock		Total
Balance at June 30, 2021	$	1.2	$	1,395.4	$	(148.1)	$	(437.3)	$	-	$	811.2
Net income		-		-		36.0		-		-		36.0
Other comprehensive loss, net of tax		-		-		-		(4.4)		-		(4.4)
Dividends paid - $.18 per share		-		-		(20.8)		-		-		(20.8)
Balance at September 30, 2021	$	1.2	$	1,395.4	$	(132.9)	$	(441.7)	$	-	$	822.0
Balance at June 30, 2022	$	1.2	$	1,394.2	$	(62.6)	$	(429.2)	$	-	$	903.6
Net income		-		-		21.0		-		-		21.0
Other comprehensive loss, net of tax		-		-		-		(23.8)		-		(23.8)
Dividends paid - $.19 per share		-		-		(21.9)		-		-		(21.9)
Balance at September 30, 2022	$	1.2	$	1,394.2	$	(63.5)	$	(453.0)	$	-	$	878.9

	Nine months ended September 30, 2021 and 2022 (unaudited)
							Accumulated
			Additional				other
	Common		paid-in		Retained		comprehensive		Treasury
	stock		capital		deficit		loss		stock		Total
Balance at December 31, 2020	$	1.2	$	1,395.3	$	(151.8)	$	(448.2)	$	-	$	796.5
Net income		-		-		81.3		-		-		81.3
Other comprehensive income, net of tax		-		-		-		6.5		-		6.5
Issuance of common stock		-		.1		-		-		-		.1
Dividends paid - $.54 per share		-		-		(62.4)		-		-		(62.4)
Balance at September 30, 2021	$	1.2	$	1,395.4	$	(132.9)	$	(441.7)	$	-	$	822.0
Balance at December 31, 2021	$	1.2	$	1,395.4	$	(122.1)	$	(404.1)	$	(.2)	$	870.2
Net income		-		-		124.4		-		-		124.4
Other comprehensive loss, net of tax		-		-		-		(48.9)		-		(48.9)
Issuance of common stock		-		.1		-		-		-		.1
Dividends paid - $.57 per share		-		-		(65.8)		-		-		(65.8)
Treasury stock acquired		-		-		-		-		(1.1)		(1.1)
Treasury stock retired		-		(1.3)		-		-		1.3		-
Balance at September 30, 2022	$	1.2	$	1,394.2	$	(63.5)	$	(453.0)	$	-	$	878.9

See accompanying notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements

7

KRONOS WORLDWIDE, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS

(In millions)

	Nine months ended
	September 30,
	2021		2022
	(unaudited)
Cash flows from operating activities:
Net income	$	81.3	$	124.4
Depreciation		38.1		39.0
Amortization of operating lease right-of-use assets		5.0		3.4
Deferred income taxes		3.2		1.6
Benefit plan expense greater than cash funding		9.2		4.8
Marketable equity securities		(1.2)		.5
Contributions to TiO2 manufacturing joint venture, net		(2.2)		(8.5)
Other, net		.4		3.2
Change in assets and liabilities:
Accounts and other receivables, net		(61.0)		(17.9)
Inventories, net		81.0		(134.1)
Prepaid expenses		(18.3)		(14.8)
Accounts payable and accrued liabilities		11.4		52.2
Income taxes		(1.5)		(2.5)
Accounts with affiliates		(19.4)		6.5
Other, net		-		1.3
Net cash provided by operating activities		126.0		59.1
Cash flows from investing activities:
Capital expenditures		(35.9)		(44.4)
Other		-		.1
Net cash used in investing activities		(35.9)		(44.3)
Cash flows from financing activities:
Payments on long-term debt		(.5)		(.5)
Deferred financing fees		(1.8)		-
Dividends paid		(62.4)		(65.8)
Treasury stock acquired		-		(1.1)
Net cash used in financing activities		(64.7)		(67.4)
Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash - net change from:
Operating, investing and financing activities		25.4		(52.6)
Effect of currency exchange rate changes on cash		(7.7)		(15.6)
Balance at beginning of period		362.0		412.6
Balance at end of period	$	379.7	$	344.4

8

KRONOS WORLDWIDE, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS (CONTINUED)

(In millions)

	Nine months ended
	September 30,
	2021		2022
	(unaudited)
Supplemental disclosures:
Cash paid for:
Interest, net of amount capitalized	$	18.0	$	15.8
Income taxes		33.9		32.2
Accrual for capital expenditures		4.1		2.0

See accompanying notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements

9

KRONOS WORLDWIDE, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

September 30, 2022

(unaudited)

Note 1 - Organization and basis of presentation:

Organization - At September 30, 2022, Valhi, Inc. (NYSE: VHI) held approximately 50% of our outstanding common stock and a wholly-owned subsidiary of NL Industries, Inc. (NYSE: NL) held approximately 31% of our common stock. Valhi owned approximately 83% of NL’s outstanding common stock and a wholly-owned subsidiary of Contran Corporation held approximately 92% of Valhi’s outstanding common stock. A majority of Contran’s outstanding voting stock is held directly by Lisa K. Simmons and various family trusts established for the benefit of Ms. Simmons, Thomas C. Connelly (the husband of Ms. Simmons’ late sister) and their children and for which Ms. Simmons or Mr. Connelly, as applicable, serve as trustee (collectively, the “Other Trusts”). With respect to the Other Trusts for which Mr. Connelly serves as trustee, he is required to vote the shares of Contran voting stock held in such trusts in the same manner as Ms. Simmons. Such voting rights of Ms. Simmons last through April 22, 2030 and are personal to Ms. Simmons. The remainder of Contran’s outstanding voting stock is held by another trust (the “Family Trust”), which was established for the benefit of Ms. Simmons and her late sister and their children and for which a third-party financial institution serves as trustee. Consequently, at September 30, 2022, Ms. Simmons and the Family Trust may be deemed to control Contran, and therefore may be deemed to indirectly control the wholly-owned subsidiary of Contran, Valhi, NL and us.

Basis of presentation - The unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements contained in this Quarterly Report have been prepared on the same basis as the audited Consolidated Financial Statements in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2021 that we filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) on March 9, 2022 (2021 Annual Report). In our opinion, we have made all necessary adjustments (which include only normal recurring adjustments), in order to state fairly, in all material respects, our consolidated financial position, results of operations and cash flows as of the dates and for the periods presented. We have condensed the Consolidated Balance Sheet at December 31, 2021 contained in this Quarterly Report as compared to our audited Consolidated Financial Statements at that date, and we have omitted certain information and footnote disclosures (including those related to the Consolidated Balance Sheet at December 31, 2021) normally included in financial statements prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (GAAP). Our results of operations for the interim periods ended September 30, 2022 may not be indicative of our operating results for the full year. The Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements contained in this Quarterly Report should be read in conjunction with our 2021 Consolidated Financial Statements contained in our 2021 Annual Report.

Unless otherwise indicated, references in this report to “we,” “us” or “our” refer to Kronos Worldwide, Inc. and its subsidiaries (NYSE: KRO) taken as a whole.

Note 2 - Accounts and other receivables, net:

	December 31,		September 30,
	2021		2022
	(In millions)
Trade receivables	$	326.3	$	304.0
Recoverable VAT and other receivables		32.4		35.3
Receivables from affiliates:
Louisiana Pigment Company, L.P. (LPC)		15.8		16.7
Other		2.6		2.5
Refundable income taxes		4.0		2.4
Allowance for doubtful accounts		(2.0)		(3.4)
Total	$	379.1	$	357.5

10

Note 3 - Inventories, net:

	December 31,		September 30,
	2021		2022
	(In millions)
Raw materials	$	76.3	$	125.0
Work in process		30.4		25.8
Finished products		245.6		286.4
Supplies		80.0		74.5
Total	$	432.3	$	511.7

Note 4 - Marketable securities:

Our marketable securities consist of investments in the publicly-traded shares of related parties: Valhi, NL and CompX International Inc. NL owns the majority of CompX’s outstanding common stock. All of our marketable securities are accounted for as available-for-sale securities, which are carried at fair value using quoted market prices in active markets for each marketable security and represent a Level 1 input within the fair value hierarchy. Any unrealized gains or losses on the securities are recognized in Other income (expense) - Marketable equity securities on our Condensed Consolidated Statements of Income.

	Fair value
	measurement	Market		Cost		Unrealized
Marketable security	level	value		basis		gain
		(In millions)
December 31, 2021:
Valhi common stock	1	$	4.1	$	3.2	$	.9
NL and CompX common stocks	1		.1		.1		-
Total		$	4.2	$	3.3	$	.9
September 30, 2022:
Valhi common stock	1	$	3.6	$	3.2	$	.4

At December 31, 2021 and September 30, 2022, we held approximately 144,000 shares of Valhi’s common stock. At the beginning of the second quarter of 2022 we held a nominal number of shares of NL and CompX common stocks. During the second quarter of 2022 we sold all of our shares of NL and CompX common stock to the respective issuer in two separate private transactions that were approved in advance by our independent directors (using a 10-day trailing average price per share to determine the purchase price) for an aggregate sales price of $.1 million. At December 31, 2021 and September 30, 2022, the per share quoted market price of Valhi’s common stock was $28.75 and $25.16, respectively.

The Valhi common stock we own is subject to restrictions on resale pursuant to certain provisions of SEC Rule 144. In addition, as a majority-owned subsidiary of Valhi we cannot vote our shares of Valhi common stock under Delaware General Corporation law, but we receive dividends from Valhi on these shares when declared and paid.

Note 5 - Long-term debt:

	December 31,		September 30,
	2021		2022
	(In millions)
Kronos International, Inc. 3.75% Senior Notes	$	448.8	$	390.2
Other		2.4		2.0
Total debt		451.2		392.2
Less current maturities		1.4		1.3
Total long-term debt	$	449.8	$	390.9

11

Senior Notes - At September 30, 2022, the carrying value of our 3.75% Senior Secured Notes due September 15, 2025 (€400 million aggregate principal amount outstanding) is stated net of unamortized debt issuance costs of $2.4 million.

Revolving credit facility - During the first nine months of 2022, we had no borrowings or repayments under our $225 million global revolving credit facility (Global Revolver) and at September 30, 2022, approximately $207 million was available for borrowing.

Other - We are in compliance with all of our debt covenants at September 30, 2022.

Note 6 - Accounts payable and accrued liabilities:

	December 31,		September 30,
	2021		2022
	(In millions)
Accounts payable	$	143.6	$	169.2
Accrued sales discounts and rebates		28.7		22.5
Employee benefits		28.9		23.1
Payables to affiliates:
LPC		17.3		20.8
Income taxes payable to Valhi		.9		13.9
Operating lease liabilities		3.7		3.8
Other		52.0		69.3
Total	$	275.1	$	322.6

Note 7 - Other noncurrent liabilities:

	December 31,		September 30,
	2021		2022
	(In millions)
Accrued postretirement benefits	$	8.4	$	7.9
Employee benefits		6.1		5.0
Other		13.5		11.2
Total	$	28.0	$	24.1

12

Note 8 - Revenue recognition:

The following table disaggregates our net sales by place of manufacture (point of origin) and to the location of the customer (point of destination), which are the categories that depict how the nature, amount, timing and uncertainty of revenue and cash flows are affected by economic factors.

	Three months ended					Nine months ended
	September 30,					September 30,
	2021		��	2022		2021		2022
	(In millions)
Net sales - point of origin:
United States	$	297.6		$	330.3	$	787.5	$	980.4
Germany		254.2			213.5		724.2		762.0
Canada		88.6			105.1		288.8		313.1
Belgium		69.6			76.0		212.0		256.3
Norway		63.4			64.7		198.5		211.1
Eliminations		(273.6)			(330.0)		(767.6)		(935.1)
Total	$	499.8		$	459.6	$	1,443.4	$	1,587.8
Net sales - point of destination:
Europe	$	248.0		$	197.5	$	712.1	$	731.6
North America		174.3			182.5		476.9		558.4
Other		77.5			79.6		254.4		297.8
Total	$	499.8		$	459.6	$	1,443.4	$	1,587.8

Note 9 - Employee benefit plans:

The components of net periodic defined benefit pension cost are presented in the table below.

	Three months ended				Nine months ended
	September 30,				September 30,
	2021		2022		2021		2022
	(In millions)
Net periodic pension cost (income):
Service cost	$	3.7	$	2.8	$	11.1	$	8.7
Interest cost		2.2		2.7		6.6		8.3
Expected return on plan assets		(2.9)		(3.1)		(8.9)		(9.2)
Amortization of prior service cost		-		-		.1		-
Recognized actuarial losses		5.0		3.2		15.2		10.0
Total	$	8.0	$	5.6	$	24.1	$	17.8

We expect our 2022 contributions for our pension plans to be approximately $19 million.

13

Note 10 - Income taxes:

	Three months ended				Nine months ended
	September 30,				September 30,
	2021		2022		2021		2022
	(In millions)
Expected tax expense, at U.S. federal statutory    income tax rate of 21%	$	10.1	$	4.7	$	22.8	$	33.3
Non-U.S. tax rates		1.3		(1.2)		3.0		2.0
Incremental net tax benefit on earnings and losses of U.S.    and non-U.S. companies		(1.2)		(.2)		(2.7)		(.7)
Valuation allowance, net		.6		(3.8)		1.7		(4.5)
Global intangible low-tax income, net		.6		.3		1.6		2.0
Adjustment to the reserve for uncertain tax positions, net		.1		.4		(.3)		(.1)
Nondeductible expenses		.2		.4		.6		1.0
U.S. state income taxes and other, net		.4		.6		.6		1.3
Income tax expense	$	12.1	$	1.2	$	27.3	$	34.3
Comprehensive provision for income taxes allocable to:
Net income	$	12.1	$	1.2	$	27.3	$	34.3
Other comprehensive income (loss):
Pension plans		1.6		1.0		4.8		3.1
OPEB plans		(.1)		(.1)		(.1)		(.1)
Total	$	13.6	$	2.1	$	32.0	$	37.3

The amount shown in the preceding table of our income tax rate reconciliation for non-U.S. tax rates represents the result determined by multiplying the pre-tax earnings or losses of each of our non-U.S. subsidiaries by the difference between the applicable statutory income tax rate for each non-U.S. jurisdiction and the U.S. federal statutory tax rate. The amount shown on such table for incremental net tax expense (benefit) on earnings and losses of U.S. and non-U.S. companies includes, as applicable, (i) deferred income taxes (or deferred income tax benefits) associated with the current-year earnings of all of our non-U.S. subsidiaries and (ii) current U.S. income taxes (or current income tax benefit) including U.S. personal holding company tax, as applicable, attributable to current-year income (losses) of one of our non-U.S. subsidiaries, which subsidiary is treated as a dual resident for U.S. income tax purposes, to the extent the current-year income (loss) of such subsidiary is subject to U.S. income tax under the U.S. dual-resident provisions of the Internal Revenue Code.

The 2017 Tax Act limited our business interest expense to the sum of our business interest income and 30% of our adjusted taxable income as defined in the Tax Act.  Any business interest expense disallowed as a deduction as a result of the limitation may be carried forward indefinitely. We previously determined our interest expense was limited under these provisions and we recorded deferred tax assets for the carryforwards associated with the nondeductible portion of our interest expense. We also concluded we were required to recognize a valuation allowance for such deferred tax asset under the more-likely-than-not recognition criteria. During the first nine months of 2022, we recognized an aggregate non-cash income tax benefit of $4.5 million as a reduction of the valuation allowance related to the utilization of substantially all of the business interest expense carryforward.

On August 16, 2022, the Inflation Reduction Act was signed into law. Among other things, this legislation provides for a 15% corporate alternative minimum tax on certain large corporations, imposes a 1% excise tax on qualifying stock buybacks occurring after December 31, 2022, and provides for certain energy-related tax credits. We have evaluated the relevant provisions of the Act and do not expect them to have a material impact on our tax provision.

Tax authorities are examining certain of our U.S. and non-U.S. tax returns and may propose tax deficiencies, including penalties and interest. We believe we have adequate accruals for additional taxes and related interest expense which could ultimately result from tax examinations. We believe the ultimate disposition of tax examinations should not have a material adverse effect on our consolidated financial position, results of operations or liquidity. We currently estimate that our unrecognized tax benefits will decrease by approximately $1.0 million during the next twelve months primarily due to the expiration of certain statutes of limitations.

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Note 11 – Stockholders’ equity:

Changes in accumulated other comprehensive loss are presented in the table below. See Note 9 for discussion of our defined benefit pension plans.

	Three months ended				Nine months ended
	September 30,				September 30,
	2021		2022		2021		2022
	(In millions)
Accumulated other comprehensive loss, net of tax:
Currency translation:
Balance at beginning of period	$	(229.4)	$	(270.1)	$	(233.4)	$	(240.4)
Other comprehensive loss		(7.8)		(25.9)		(3.8)		(55.6)
Balance at end of period	$	(237.2)	$	(296.0)	$	(237.2)	$	(296.0)
Defined benefit pension plans:
Balance at beginning of period	$	(207.5)	$	(158.6)	$	(214.5)	$	(163.3)
Other comprehensive income - amortization    of prior service cost and net losses included in    net periodic pension cost		3.5		2.2		10.5		6.9
Balance at end of period	$	(204.0)	$	(156.4)	$	(204.0)	$	(156.4)
OPEB plans:
Balance at beginning of period	$	(.4)	$	(.5)	$	(.3)	$	(.4)
Other comprehensive loss - amortization    of prior service credit and net losses    included in net periodic OPEB cost		(.1)		(.1)		(.2)		(.2)
Balance at end of period	$	(.5)	$	(.6)	$	(.5)	$	(.6)
Total accumulated other comprehensive loss:
Balance at beginning of period	$	(437.3)	$	(429.2)	$	(448.2)	$	(404.1)
Other comprehensive income (loss)		(4.4)		(23.8)		6.5		(48.9)
Balance at end of period	$	(441.7)	$	(453.0)	$	(441.7)	$	(453.0)

Our board of directors has previously authorized the repurchase of up to 2.0 million shares of our common stock in open market transactions, including block purchases, or in privately-negotiated transactions at unspecified prices and over an unspecified period of time. We may repurchase our common stock from time to time as market conditions permit. The stock repurchase program does not include specific price targets or timetables and may be suspended at any time. Depending on market conditions, we may terminate the program prior to its completion. We use cash on hand or other sources of liquidity to acquire the shares. Repurchased shares are added to our treasury and subsequently cancelled upon approval of the board of directors.

During the fourth quarter of 2021, we acquired 14,409 shares of common stock in market transactions for an aggregate purchase price of $.2 million which were accounted for as treasury stock at December 31, 2021 and we subsequently cancelled these shares in February 2022. During the first quarter of 2022, we acquired 73,881 shares of our common stock in market transactions for an aggregate purchase price of $1.1 million and we subsequently cancelled these shares in May 2022. At September 30, 2022, 1,475,229 shares are available for repurchase under this stock repurchase program.

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Note 12 - Commitments and contingencies:

We are involved in various environmental, contractual, product liability, patent (or intellectual property), employment and other claims and disputes incidental to our business. At least quarterly our management discusses and evaluates the status of any pending litigation to which we are a party. The factors considered in such evaluation include, among other things, the nature of such pending cases, the status of such pending cases, the advice of legal counsel and our experience in similar cases (if any). Based on such evaluation, we make a determination as to whether we believe (i) it is probable a loss has been incurred, and if so if the amount of such loss (or a range of loss) is reasonably estimable, or (ii) it is reasonably possible but not probable a loss has been incurred, and if so if the amount of such loss (or a range of loss) is reasonably estimable, or (iii) the probability a loss has been incurred is remote. We have not accrued any amounts for litigation matters because it is not reasonably possible we have incurred a loss that would be material to our consolidated financial statements, results of operations or liquidity.

Note 13 - Financial instruments:

See Note 4 for information on how we determine fair value of our marketable securities.

The following table presents the financial instruments that are not carried at fair value but which require fair value disclosure:

	December 31, 2021				September 30, 2022
	Carrying		Fair		Carrying		Fair
	amount		value		amount		value
	(In millions)
Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash	$	412.6	$	412.6	$	344.4	$	344.4
Long-term debt - Fixed rate Senior Notes		448.8		460.2		390.2		341.4

At September 30, 2022, the estimated market price of our Senior Notes was €869 per €1,000 principal amount. The fair value of our Senior Notes was based on quoted market prices; however, these quoted market prices represented Level 2 inputs because the markets in which the Senior Notes trade were not active. Due to their near-term maturities, the carrying amounts of accounts receivable and accounts payable are considered equivalent to fair value. See Notes 2 and 6.

Note 14 - Other operating income (expense), net:

On August 24, 2020, LPC temporarily halted production due to Hurricane Laura. Although storm damage to core processing facilities was not extensive, a variety of factors, including loss of utilities and limited access and availability of employees and raw materials, prevented the resumption of operations until September 25, 2020. The majority of our losses from property damage and our share of LPC’s lost production and other costs resulting from the disruption of operations, were covered by insurance. We recognized a gain of $2.7 million related to our business interruption claim in the third quarter of 2022, which is included in other operating expense, net on our Condensed Consolidated Statement of Income.

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ITEM 2. MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS

RESULTS OF OPERATIONS

Business overview

We are a leading global producer and marketer of value-added titanium dioxide pigments (TiO₂). TiO₂ is used for a variety of manufacturing applications, including paints, plastics, paper and other industrial and specialty products. For the nine months ended September 30, 2022, approximately one-half of our sales volumes were sold into European markets. Our production facilities are located in Europe and North America.

We consider TiO₂ to be a “quality of life” product, with demand affected by gross domestic product, or GDP, and overall economic conditions in our markets located in various regions of the world. Over the long-term, we expect demand for TiO₂ will grow by 2% to 3% per year, consistent with our expectations for the long-term growth in GDP. However, even if we and our competitors maintain consistent shares of the worldwide market, demand for TiO₂ in any interim or annual period may not change in the same proportion as the change in GDP, in part due to relative changes in the TiO₂ inventory levels of our customers. We believe our customers’ inventory levels are influenced in part by their expectation for future changes in TiO₂ selling prices as well as their expectation for future availability of product. Although certain of our TiO₂ grades are considered specialty pigments, the majority of our grades and substantially all of our production are considered commodity pigment products with price and availability being the most significant competitive factors along with product quality and customer and technical support services.

The factors having the most impact on our reported operating results are:

● TiO₂ selling prices,

● TiO₂ sales and production volumes,

● Manufacturing costs, particularly raw materials such as third-party feedstock, maintenance and energy-related expenses, and

● Currency exchange rates (particularly the exchange rate for the U.S. dollar relative to the euro, the Norwegian krone and the Canadian dollar and the euro relative to the Norwegian krone).

Our key performance indicators are our TiO₂ average selling prices, our level of TiO₂ sales and production volumes and the cost of titanium-containing feedstock purchased from third parties. TiO₂ selling prices generally follow industry trends and selling prices will increase or decrease generally as a result of competitive market pressures.

Executive summary

We reported net income of $21.0 million, or $.18 per share, in the third quarter of 2022 compared to $36.0 million, or $.31 per share, in the third quarter of 2021. For the first nine months of 2022, we reported net income of $124.4 million, or $1.08 per share, compared to net income of $81.3 million, or $.70 per share, in the first nine months of 2021. Net income decreased in the third quarter of 2022 as compared to the third quarter 2021 primarily due to lower income from operations resulting from the net effect of higher production costs, lower sales volumes and higher average TiO₂ selling prices. Net income increased in the first nine months of 2022 as compared to the same period in 2021 primarily due to higher income from operations resulting from the net effects of higher average TiO₂ selling prices, higher production costs and lower sales volumes. Comparability of our results was also impacted by the effects of changes in currency exchange rates.

Our net income in the first nine months of 2022 includes the recognition of a pre-tax insurance settlement gain of $2.7 million recognized in the third quarter ($2.2 million, or $.02 per share, net of income tax expense) related to a business interruption insurance claim arising from Hurricane Laura in 2020.

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Forward-looking information

This report contains forward-looking statements within the meaning of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995, as amended. Statements in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q that are not historical facts are forward-looking in nature and represent management’s beliefs and assumptions based on currently available information. Statements in this report including, but not limited to, statements found in Item 2 - “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations,” are forward-looking statements that represent our management’s beliefs and assumptions based on currently available information. In some cases you can identify forward-looking statements by the use of words such as “believes,” “intends,” “may,” “should,” “could,” “anticipates,” “expects” or comparable terminology, or by discussions of strategies or trends. Although we believe the expectations reflected in forward-looking statements are reasonable, we do not know if these expectations will be correct. Such statements by their nature involve substantial risks and uncertainties that could significantly impact expected results. Actual future results could differ materially from those predicted. The factors that could cause our actual future results to differ materially from those described herein are the risks and uncertainties discussed in this Quarterly Report and those described from time to time in our other filings with the SEC and include, but are not limited to, the following:

● Future supply and demand for our products

● The extent of the dependence of certain of our businesses on certain market sectors

● The cyclicality of our business

● Customer and producer inventory levels

● Unexpected or earlier-than-expected industry capacity expansion

● Changes in raw material and other operating costs (such as energy and ore costs)

● Changes in the availability of raw materials (such as ore)

● General global economic and political conditions that harm the worldwide economy, disrupt our supply chain, increase material and energy costs or reduce demand or perceived demand for our TiO₂ products or impair our ability to operate our facilities (including changes in the level of gross domestic product in various regions of the world, natural disasters, terrorist acts, global conflicts and public health crises such as COVID-19)

● Operating interruptions (including, but not limited to, labor disputes, leaks, natural disasters, fires, explosions, unscheduled or unplanned downtime such as disruptions in energy supplies, transportation interruptions, cyber-attacks and public health crises such as COVID-19)

● Competitive products and substitute products

● Customer and competitor strategies

● Potential consolidation of our competitors

● Potential consolidation of our customers

● The impact of pricing and production decisions

● Competitive technology positions

● Potential difficulties in upgrading or implementing accounting and manufacturing software systems

● The introduction of trade barriers or trade disputes

● Fluctuations in currency exchange rates (such as changes in the exchange rate between the U.S. dollar and each of the euro, the Norwegian krone and the Canadian dollar and between the euro and the Norwegian krone), or possible disruptions to our business resulting from uncertainties associated with the euro or other currencies

● Our ability to renew or refinance credit facilities

● Potential increases in interest rates

● Our ability to maintain sufficient liquidity

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● The ultimate outcome of income tax audits, tax settlement initiatives or other tax matters, including future tax reform

● Our ability to utilize income tax attributes, the benefits of which may or may not have been recognized under the more-likely-than-not recognition criteria

● Environmental matters (such as those requiring compliance with emission and discharge standards for existing and new facilities)

● Government laws and regulations and possible changes therein including new environmental, health and safety regulations (such as those seeking to limit or classify TiO₂ or its use)

● Possible future litigation.

Should one or more of these risks materialize (or the consequences of such a development worsen), or should the underlying assumptions prove incorrect, actual results could differ materially from those forecasted or expected. We disclaim any intention or obligation to update or revise any forward-looking statements whether as a result of changes in information, future events or otherwise.

Results of operations

Current industry conditions

We started 2022 with average TiO₂ selling prices 16% higher than at the beginning of 2021 and our average TiO₂ selling prices increased 15% in the first nine months of 2022 in response to our rising production costs. Overall sales volumes declined in the first nine months of 2022 compared to the first nine months of 2021 primarily due to demand contraction in our European and export markets, particularly in the third quarter.

The following table shows our capacity utilization rates during 2021 and 2022. Throughout most of 2021 and continuing into the first quarter of 2022, our production facilities operated at full practical capacity. We operated our production facilities at 96% of practical capacity utilization in the first nine months of 2022 compared to approximately 99% in the first nine months of 2021. During the third quarter of 2022, we operated our facilities at approximately 93% of practical capacity primarily due to maintenance activities and alignment of our production and inventory levels to anticipated near-term customer demand which reduced our production rates.

	Production Capacity Utilization Rates
	2021	2022
First Quarter	97%	100%
Second Quarter	100%	95%
Third Quarter	100%	93%

Due to significant increases in production costs (primarily energy and feedstock), our cost of sales per metric ton of TiO₂ sold in the third quarter and first nine months of 2022 was higher as compared to the comparable periods in 2021 (excluding the effect of changes in currency exchange rates).

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Quarter ended September 30, 2022 compared to the quarter ended September 30, 2021

		Three months ended September 30,
		2021			2022
		(Dollars in millions)
Net sales	$	499.8	100	%	$	459.6	100	%
Cost of sales		376.8	75			375.6	82
Gross margin		123.0	25			84.0	18
Selling, general and administrative expense		64.2	13			59.0	13
Other operating income (expense):
Currency transactions, net		1.2	-			6.7	2
Other operating expense, net		(2.7)	(1)			(.9)	-
Income from operations	$	57.3	11	%	$	30.8	7	%
							% Change
TiO2 operating statistics:
Sales volumes*		142				113	(20)	%
Production volumes*		137				131	(5)	%
Percentage change in net sales:
TiO2 product pricing							21	%
TiO2 sales volumes							(20)
TiO2 product mix/other							(3)
Changes in currency exchange rates							(6)
Total							(8)	%

* Thousands of metric tons

Net sales - Net sales in the third quarter of 2022 decreased 8%, or $40.2 million, compared to the third quarter of 2021 primarily due to the net effect of a 21% increase in average TiO₂ selling prices (which increased net sales by approximately $105 million), a 20% decrease in sales volumes (which decreased net sales by approximately $100 million) and changes in currency exchange rates (primarily the euro) which we estimate decreased our net sales by approximately $31 million. TiO₂ selling prices will increase or decrease generally as a result of competitive market pressures, changes in the relative level of supply and demand as well as changes in raw material and other manufacturing costs.

Our sales volumes decreased 20% in the third quarter of 2022 as compared to the third quarter of 2021 primarily due to lower demand from our European customers which we began experiencing towards the end of the second quarter and accelerated during the third quarter. We also experienced lower sales volumes in our North American and export markets during the third quarter.

Cost of sales and gross margin - Our cost of sales as a percentage of net sales increased to 82% in the third quarter of 2022 compared to 75% in the same period of 2021 primarily due to the net effects of higher production costs of approximately $91 million (primarily raw materials and energy), a 20% decrease in sales volumes and lower absorption of fixed costs due to a 5% decrease in production volumes.

Gross margin as a percentage of net sales decreased to 18% in the third quarter of 2022 compared to 25% in the third quarter of 2021. As discussed and quantified above, our gross margin as a percentage of net sales decreased primarily due to the net effects of higher production costs, lower production and sales volumes, higher average TiO₂ selling prices and changes in currency exchange rates.

Selling, general and administrative expense - Selling, general and administrative expense was comparable in the third quarters of 2022 and 2021 at approximately 13% of net sales.

Income from operations - Income from operations decreased by $26.5 million, or 46%, in the third quarter of 2022 compared to the third quarter of 2021. Income from operations as a percentage of net sales decreased to 7% in the third quarter of 2022 from 11% in the same period of 2021 as a result of the factors impacting gross margin discussed above. We recognized a gain of $2.7 million in

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the third quarter of 2022 related to cash received from the settlement of a business interruption insurance claim. See Note 14 to our Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements. We estimate changes in currency exchange rates increased income from operations by approximately $13 million in the third quarter of 2022 as compared to the same period in 2021, as discussed in the Effects of currency exchange rates section below.

Other non-operating income (expense) - We recognized a loss of $2.9 million on the change in market price of our marketable equity securities in the third quarter of 2022 compared to a loss of $.1 million in the third quarter of 2021. See Note 4 to our Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements. Other components of net periodic pension and OPEB cost in the third quarter of 2022 decreased $1.4 million compared to the third quarter of 2021 primarily due to the net effects of higher discount rates impacting interest cost and previously unrecognized actuarial losses. See Note 9 to our Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements. Interest expense in the third quarter of 2022 decreased $.6 million compared to the third quarter of 2021 primarily due to the effects of the strengthening of the U.S. dollar relative to the euro (see discussion in the Effects of currency exchange rates section below). See Note 5 to our Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.

Income tax expense - We recognized income tax expense of $1.2 million in the third quarter of 2022 compared to income tax expense of $12.1 million in the third quarter of 2021. The difference is primarily due to lower earnings in the third quarter of 2022 and the jurisdictional mix of such earnings. Our earnings are subject to income tax in various U.S. and non-U.S. jurisdictions, and the income tax rates applicable to the pre-tax earnings (losses) of our non-U.S. operations are generally higher than the income tax rates applicable to our U.S. operations. We would generally expect our overall effective tax rate, excluding the impact of the reversal of a portion of our deferred income tax asset valuation allowance, to be higher than the U.S. federal statutory tax rate of 21% primarily because of our sizeable non-U.S. operations. See Note 10 to our Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.

Nine months ended September 30, 2022 compared to the nine months ended September 30, 2021

		Nine months ended September 30,
		2021			2022
		(Dollars in millions)
Net sales	$	1,443.4	100	%	$	1,587.8	100	%
Cost of sales		1,115.7	77			1,234.0	78
Gross margin		327.7	23			353.8	22
Selling, general and administrative expense		185.1	13			183.6	12
Other operating income (expense):
Currency transactions, net		1.2	-			17.1	1
Other operating expense, net		(8.7)	(1)			(8.0)	-
Income from operations	$	135.1	9	%	$	179.3	11	%
							% Change
TiO2 operating statistics:
Sales volumes*		427				399	(7)	%
Production volumes*		404				401	(1)	%
Percentage change in net sales:
TiO2 product pricing							24	%
TiO2 sales volumes							(7)
TiO2 product mix/other							(1)
Changes in currency exchange rates							(6)
Total							10	%

* Thousands of metric tons

Net sales - Net sales in the first nine months of 2022 increased 10%, or $144.4 million, compared to the first nine months of 2021 primarily due the net effect of a 24% increase in average TiO₂ selling prices (which increased net sales by approximately $346 million) and a 7% decrease in sales volumes (which decreased net sales by $101 million). We estimate that changes in currency exchange rates (primarily the euro) decreased our net sales by approximately $83 million in the first nine months of 2022 as compared to the first

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nine months of 2021. TiO₂ selling prices will increase or decrease generally as a result of competitive market pressures, changes in the relative level of supply and demand as well as changes in raw material and other manufacturing costs.

Our sales volumes decreased 7% in the first nine months of 2022 as compared to the first nine months of 2021 primarily due to lower demand from our European and export customers, with a significant portion of the decrease occurring in the third quarter.  

Cost of sales and gross margin - Cost of sales increased $118.3 million, or 11%, in the first nine months of 2022 compared to the first nine months of 2021 primarily due to the net effects of higher production costs of approximately $250 million (including higher costs for raw materials and energy), a 7% decrease in sales volumes and the positive impact from changes in currency exchange rates. Our cost of sales as a percentage of net sales increased to 78% in the first nine months of 2022 compared to 77% in the same period of 2021 due to the impact of higher production costs, including higher raw material and energy costs partially offset by the favorable effects of higher average TiO₂ selling prices.

Gross margin as a percentage of net sales decreased to 22% in the first nine months of 2022 compared to 23% in the first nine months of 2021. As discussed and quantified above, our gross margin as a percentage of net sales decreased primarily due to the net effects of higher raw material and energy costs, higher average TiO₂ selling prices, lower sales volumes, and changes in currency exchange rates.

Selling, general and administrative expense - Selling, general and administrative expense as a percentage of net sales decreased to 12% of net sales in the first nine months of 2022 compared to 13% in the first nine months of 2021, primarily due to the effects of higher net sales resulting from higher average TiO₂ selling prices.

Income from operations - Income from operations increased by $44.2 million, or 33%, in the first nine months of 2022 compared to the first nine months of 2021. Income from operations as a percentage of net sales increased to 11% in the first nine months of 2022 from 9% in the same period of 2021. This increase was driven by the effects of higher net sales on gross margin and selling, general and administrative expenses discussed above. We recognized a gain of $2.7 million in the first nine months of 2022 related to cash received from the settlement of a business interruption insurance claim. See Note 14 to our Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements. We estimate that changes in currency exchange rates increased income from operations by approximately $21 million in the first nine months of 2022 as compared to the same period in 2021, as further discussed below.

Other non-operating income (expense) - We recognized a loss of $.5 million on the change in market price of our marketable equity securities in the first nine months of 2022 and a gain of $1.2 million in the first nine months of 2021. See Note 4 to our Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements. Other components of net periodic pension and OPEB cost in the first nine months of 2022 decreased $3.7 million compared to the first nine months of 2021 primarily due to the net effects of higher discount rates impacting interest cost and previously unrecognized actuarial losses. See Note 9 to our Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements. Interest expense in the first nine months of 2022 decreased $2.0 million compared to the first nine months of 2021 due to fees associated with the refinancing of our revolving credit facility in the second quarter of 2021 and the effects of changes in currency exchange rates.  

Income tax expense - We recognized income tax expense of $34.3 million in the first nine months of 2022 compared to income tax expense of $27.3 million in the first nine months of 2021. The difference is primarily due to higher earnings in 2022 and the jurisdictional mix of such earnings. Our earnings are subject to income tax in various U.S. and non-U.S. jurisdictions, and the income tax rates applicable to the pre-tax earnings (losses) of our non-U.S. operations are generally higher than the income tax rates applicable to our U.S. operations. We would generally expect our overall effective tax rate, excluding the impact of the reversal of a portion of our deferred income tax asset valuation allowance, to be higher than the U.S. federal statutory tax rate of 21% primarily because of our sizeable non-U.S. operations. See Note 10 to our Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.

Effects of currency exchange rates

We have substantial operations and assets located outside the United States (primarily in Germany, Belgium, Norway and Canada). The majority of our sales from non-U.S. operations are denominated in currencies other than the U.S. dollar, principally the euro, other major European currencies and the Canadian dollar. A portion of our sales generated from our non-U.S. operations is denominated in the U.S. dollar (and consequently our non-U.S. operations will generally hold U.S. dollars from time to time). Certain raw materials used in all our production facilities, primarily titanium-containing feedstocks, are purchased primarily in U.S. dollars,

22

while labor and other production and administrative costs are incurred primarily in local currencies. Consequently, the translated U.S. dollar value of our non-U.S. sales and operating results are subject to currency exchange rate fluctuations which may favorably or unfavorably impact reported earnings and may affect the comparability of period-to-period operating results. In addition to the impact of the translation of sales and expenses over time, our non-U.S. operations also generate currency transaction gains and losses which primarily relate to (i) the difference between the currency exchange rates in effect when non-local currency sales or operating costs (primarily U.S. dollar denominated) are initially accrued and when such amounts are settled with the non-local currency, and (ii) changes in currency exchange rates during time periods when our non-U.S. operations are holding non-local currency (primarily U.S. dollars).

Overall, we estimate that fluctuations in currency exchange rates had the following effects on our sales and income from operations for the periods indicated.

Impact of changes in currency exchange rates
Three months ended September 30, 2022 vs September 30, 2021
							Translation		Total
							gains/(losses) -		currency
	Transaction gains recognized						impact of		impact
	2021		2022		Change		rate changes		2022 vs 2021
		(In millions)
Impact on:
Net sales	$	-	$	-	$	-	$	(31)	$	(31)
Income from operations		1		7		6		7		13

The $31 million decrease in net sales (translation losses) was caused primarily by a strengthening of the U.S. dollar relative to the euro, as our euro-denominated sales were translated into fewer U.S. dollars in 2022 as compared to 2021. The strengthening of the U.S. dollar relative to the Canadian dollar and the Norwegian krone in 2022 did not have a significant effect on our net sales, as a substantial portion of the sales generated by our Canadian and Norwegian operations is denominated in the U.S. dollar.

The $13 million increase in income from operations was comprised of the following:

● Higher net currency transaction gains of approximately $6 million primarily caused by relative changes in currency exchange rates at each applicable balance sheet date between the U.S. dollar and the euro, Canadian dollar and the Norwegian krone, and between the euro and the Norwegian krone, which causes increases or decreases, as applicable, in U.S. dollar-denominated receivables and payables and U.S. dollar currency held by our non-U.S. operations, and in Norwegian krone denominated receivables and payables held by our non-U.S. operations, and

● Approximately $7 million from net currency translation gains primarily caused by a strengthening of the U.S. dollar relative to the Canadian dollar and Norwegian krone, as local currency-denominated operating costs were translated into fewer U.S. dollars in 2022 as compared to 2021. Net currency translation gains and losses caused by a strengthening of the U.S. dollar relative to the euro had minimal impact on translation gains and losses in 2022 as compared to 2021.

Impact of changes in currency exchange rates
Nine months ended September 30, 2022 vs September 30, 2021
							Translation		Total
							gains/(losses) -		currency
	Transaction gains recognized						impact of		impact
	2021		2022		Change		rate changes		2022 vs 2021
		(In millions)
Impact on:
Net sales	$	-	$	-	$	-	$	(83)	$	(83)
Income from operations		1		17		16		5		21

The $83 million decrease in net sales (translation losses) was caused primarily by a strengthening of the U.S. dollar relative to the euro, as our euro-denominated sales were translated into fewer U.S. dollars in 2022 as compared to 2021. The strengthening of the

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U.S. dollar relative to the Canadian dollar and the Norwegian krone in 2022 did not have a significant effect on our net sales, as a substantial portion of the sales generated by our Canadian and Norwegian operations is denominated in the U.S. dollar.

The $21 million increase in income from operations was comprised of the following:

● Higher net currency transaction gains of approximately $16 million primarily caused by relative changes in currency exchange rates at each applicable balance sheet date between the U.S. dollar and the euro, Canadian dollar and the Norwegian krone, and between the euro and the Norwegian krone, which causes increases or decreases, as applicable, in U.S. dollar-denominated receivables and payables and U.S. dollar currency held by our non-U.S. operations, and in Norwegian krone denominated receivables and payables held by our non-U.S. operations, and

● Approximately $5 million from net currency translation gains primarily caused by a strengthening of the U.S. dollar relative to the Canadian dollar and Norwegian krone, as local currency-denominated operating costs were translated into fewer U.S. dollars in 2022 as compared to 2021, partially offset by net currency translation losses primarily caused by a strengthening of the U.S. dollar relative to the euro as the negative effects of the stronger U.S. dollar on euro-denominated sales more than offset the favorable effects of euro-denominated operating costs being translated into fewer U.S. dollars in 2022 as compared to 2021.

Outlook

As previously reported, late in the second quarter we began to experience some decline in demand in residential architectural coatings markets in certain areas of Europe and the export markets. Late in the third quarter, the demand weakness in Europe and the export markets began to rapidly accelerate as many of our customers in those regions reduced their production rates in response to economic conditions and geopolitical uncertainties. In the third quarter, demand in the North American and Latin American markets remained relatively stable, although recently we have begun to see some softening in demand mainly in the architectural coatings market.  

In addition, we continue to experience rising costs led by natural gas, electricity, and certain key raw materials. Feedstock costs increased significantly during the first nine months of the year, but we expect these costs to moderate going forward. We expect our sales volumes and operating results in the near term will be adversely impacted by the effects of reduced demand and increased costs.  

In response to the decline in demand coupled with increased production costs, particularly in Europe, we have implemented production curtailments at two of our European facilities during the fourth quarter. We will continue to monitor current and anticipated near-term customer demand levels and will align our production and inventories accordingly. The long-term outlook for our industry remains very positive, and the steps we are taking in the near term are intended to preserve our global market share and position our business to profitably grow in the future.

Our expectations for the TiO₂ industry and our operations are based on a number of factors outside our control. As noted above, we have experienced global market disruptions including high energy costs and availability concerns and future impacts on our operations will depend on, among other things, future energy costs and availability and the impact economic conditions and geopolitical events have on our operations or our customers’ and suppliers’ operations, all of which remain uncertain and cannot be predicted.

LIQUIDITY AND CAPITAL RESOURCES

Consolidated cash flows

Operating activities

Trends in cash flows as a result of our operating activities (excluding the impact of significant asset dispositions and relative changes in assets and liabilities) are generally similar to trends in our earnings. In addition to the impact of the operating, investing and financing cash flows discussed below, changes in the amount of cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash we report from period to period can be impacted by changes in currency exchange rates, since a portion of our cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash is held by our non-U.S. subsidiaries.

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Cash provided by operating activities was $59.1 million in the first nine months of 2022 compared to cash provided by operating activities of $126.0 million in the first nine months of 2021. This $66.9 million decrease in the amount of cash provided was primarily due to the net effect of the following:

● higher amount of net cash used associated with relative changes in our inventories, receivables, payables and accruals in 2022 of $112.1 million as compared to 2021, and

● higher income from operations in 2022 of $44.2 million.

Changes in working capital were affected by accounts receivable and inventory changes. As shown below:

● Our average days sales outstanding, or DSO, increased from December 31, 2021 to September 30, 2022 primarily due to relative changes in the timing of collections, and

● Our average days sales in inventory, or DSI, increased from December 31, 2021 to September 30, 2022 primarily due to higher inventory volumes attributable to production volumes exceeding sales volumes in the first nine months of 2022 compared to 2021.

For comparative purposes, we have also provided comparable prior year numbers below.

	December 31, 2020	September 30, 2021	December 31, 2021	September 30, 2022
DSO	68 days	66 days	65 days	66 days
DSI	74 days	51 days	59 days	69 days

Investing activities

Our capital expenditures of $44.4 million and $35.9 million in the first nine months of 2022 and 2021, respectively, were primarily to maintain and improve the cost effectiveness of our manufacturing facilities.

Financing activities

During the first nine months of 2022, we paid quarterly dividends of $.19 per share to stockholders aggregating $65.8 million and in the first nine months of 2021, we paid quarterly dividends of $.18 per share to stockholders aggregating $62.4 million.

In addition, during the first nine months of 2022, we acquired 73,881 shares of our common stock in market transactions for an aggregate purchase price of $1.1 million.

Outstanding debt obligations

At September 30, 2022, our consolidated debt comprised:

● €400 million aggregate outstanding on our Kronos International, Inc. (KII) 3.75% Senior Secured Notes ($390.2 million carrying amount, net of unamortized debt issuance costs) due in September 2025 (Senior Secured Notes), and

● approximately $2.0 million of other indebtedness.

We had no outstanding borrowings at September 30, 2022 on our $225 million global revolving credit facility (Global Revolver) and approximately $207 million was available for borrowings thereunder. Our Senior Secured Notes and our Global Revolver contain a number of covenants and restrictions which, among other things, restrict our ability to incur or guarantee additional debt, incur liens, pay dividends or make other restricted payments, or merge or consolidate with, or sell or transfer substantially all of our assets to, another entity, and contain other provisions and restrictive covenants customary in lending transactions of these types. Our credit agreements contain provisions which could result in the acceleration of indebtedness prior to their stated maturity for reasons other than defaults for failure to comply with typical financial or payment covenants. For example, the credit agreements allow the lender to accelerate the maturity of the indebtedness upon a change of control (as defined in the agreement) of the borrower. In addition, the credit agreements could result in the acceleration of all or a portion of the indebtedness following a sale of assets outside the ordinary course of business. The terms of all of our debt instruments are discussed in Note 8 to our Consolidated Financial Statements included in our

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2021 Annual Report. We are in compliance with all of our debt covenants at September 30, 2022. We believe we will be able to continue to comply with the financial covenants contained in our credit facility through its maturity.

Our assets consist primarily of investments in operating subsidiaries, and our ability to service our obligations, including the Senior Secured Notes, depends in part upon the distribution of earnings of our subsidiaries, whether in the form of dividends, advances or payments on account of intercompany obligations or otherwise. Our Senior Secured Notes are collateralized by, among other things, a first priority lien on (i) 100% of the common stock or other ownership interests of each existing and future direct domestic subsidiary of KII and the guarantors, and (ii) 65% of the voting common stock or other ownership interests and 100% of the non-voting common stock or other ownership interests of each non-U.S. subsidiary that is directly owned by KII or any guarantor. Our Global Revolver is collateralized by, among other things, a first priority lien on the borrower’s trade receivables and inventories. See Note 5 to our Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.

Future cash requirements

Liquidity

Our primary source of liquidity on an ongoing basis is cash flows from operating activities which is generally used to (i) fund capital expenditures, (ii) repay any short-term indebtedness incurred for working capital purposes, (iii) provide for the payment of dividends and (iv) fund purchases of shares of our common stock under our stock repurchase program. From time-to-time we will incur indebtedness, generally to (i) fund short-term working capital needs, (ii) refinance existing indebtedness or (iii) fund major capital expenditures or the acquisition of other assets outside the ordinary course of business. We will also from time-to-time sell assets outside the ordinary course of business and use the proceeds to (i) repay existing indebtedness, (ii) make investments in marketable and other securities, (iii) fund major capital expenditures or the acquisition of other assets outside the ordinary course of business or (iv) pay dividends.

The TiO₂ industry is cyclical, and changes in industry economic conditions significantly impact earnings and operating cash flows. Changes in TiO₂ pricing, production volumes and customer demand, among other things, could significantly affect our liquidity.

We routinely evaluate our liquidity requirements, alternative uses of capital, capital needs and availability of resources in view of, among other things, our dividend policy, our debt service, our capital expenditure requirements and estimated future operating cash flows. As a result of this process, we have in the past and may in the future seek to reduce, refinance, repurchase or restructure indebtedness, raise additional capital, repurchase shares of our common stock, modify our dividend policy, restructure ownership interests, sell interests in our subsidiaries or other assets, or take a combination of these steps or other steps to manage our liquidity and capital resources. Such activities have in the past and may in the future involve related companies. In the normal course of our business, we may investigate, evaluate, discuss and engage in acquisition, joint venture, strategic relationship and other business combination opportunities in the TiO₂ industry. In the event of any future acquisition or joint venture opportunity, we may consider using then-available liquidity, issuing our equity securities or incurring additional indebtedness.

At September 30, 2022 we had aggregate cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash on hand of $344.4 million, of which $115.3 million was held by non-U.S. subsidiaries. Following implementation of a territorial tax system under the 2017 Tax Act, repatriation of any cash and cash equivalents held by our non-U.S. subsidiaries would not be expected to result in any material income tax liability as a result of such repatriation. Our $225 million Global Revolver we entered into in April 2021, which replaced our North American and European facilities, matures in April 2026 and currently approximately $207 million is available for borrowing under this facility and we could borrow all available amounts without violating our existing debt covenants. See Note 5 to our Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements. Based upon our expectation for the TiO₂ industry and anticipated demands on cash resources, we expect to have sufficient liquidity to meet our short-term obligations (defined as the twelve-month period ending September 30, 2023) and our long-term obligations (defined as the five-year period ending September 30, 2027, our time period for long-term budgeting). If actual developments differ from our expectations, our liquidity could be adversely affected.

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Capital expenditures

We intend to invest approximately $65 million in capital expenditures primarily to maintain and improve our existing facilities during 2022, including $44.4 million in expenditures through September 30, 2022. It is possible we will delay planned capital projects based on market conditions including but not limited to expected demand, the general availability of materials, equipment and supplies necessary to complete such projects.

Stock repurchase program

At September 30, 2022, we have 1,475,229 shares available for repurchase under a stock repurchase program authorized by our board of directors.

Commitments and contingencies

See Notes 10 and 12 to our Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements for a description of certain income tax contingencies, certain legal proceedings and other commitments.

Recent accounting pronouncements

Not applicable

Critical accounting policies

For a discussion of our critical accounting policies, refer to Part I, Item 7 - “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” in our 2021 Annual Report. There have been no changes in our critical accounting policies during the first nine months of 2022.

ITEM 3.    QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURE ABOUT MARKET RISK

General

We are exposed to market risk, including currency exchange rates, interest rates, equity security and raw material prices. There have been no material changes in these market risks since we filed our 2021 Annual Report. See also Part I, Item 7A. - “Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosure About Market Risk” in our 2021 Annual Report and Note 13 to our Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.

ITEM 4.    CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES

Evaluation of disclosure controls and procedures

We maintain disclosure controls and procedures which, as defined in Exchange Act Rule 13a-15(e), means controls and other procedures that are designed to ensure that information required to be disclosed in the reports that we file or submit to the SEC under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Act”), is recorded, processed, summarized and reported, within the time periods specified in the SEC’s rules and forms. Disclosure controls and procedures include, without limitation, controls and procedures designed to ensure that information we are required to disclose in the reports we file or submit to the SEC under the Act is accumulated and communicated to our management, including our principal executive officer and our principal financial officer, or persons performing similar functions, as appropriate to allow timely decisions to be made regarding required disclosure. Each of James M. Buch, our President and Chief Executive Officer and Tim C. Hafer, our Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer, has evaluated the design and effectiveness of our disclosure controls and procedures as of September 30, 2022. Based upon their evaluation, these executive officers have concluded that our disclosure controls and procedures are effective as of the date of such evaluation.

Internal control over financial reporting

Our management is responsible for establishing and maintaining adequate internal control over financial reporting which, as defined by Exchange Act Rule 13a-15(f) means a process designed by, or under the supervision of, our principal executive and principal financial officers, or persons performing similar functions, and effected by the board of directors, management and other personnel, to

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provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles, and includes those policies and procedures that:

● Pertain to the maintenance of records that in reasonable detail accurately and fairly reflect the transactions and dispositions of our assets,

● Provide reasonable assurance that transactions are recorded as necessary to permit preparation of financial statements in accordance with GAAP, and that our receipts and expenditures are being made only in accordance with authorizations of our management and directors, and

● Provide reasonable assurance regarding prevention or timely detection of an unauthorized acquisition, use or disposition of our assets that could have a material effect on our Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.

Other

As permitted by the SEC, our assessment of internal control over financial reporting excludes (i) internal control over financial reporting of our equity method investees and (ii) internal control over the preparation of any financial statement schedules which would be required by Article 12 of Regulation S-X. However, our assessment of internal control over financial reporting with respect to our equity method investees did include our controls over the recording of amounts related to our investment that are recorded in our Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements, including controls over the selection of accounting methods for our investments, the recognition of equity method earnings and losses and the determination, valuation and recording of our investment account balances.

Changes in internal control over financial reporting

There has been no change to our internal control over financial reporting during the quarter ended September 30, 2022 that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting.

Part II. OTHER INFORMATION

Item 1A.   Risk Factors

For a discussion of the risk factors related to our businesses, refer to Part I, Item 1A, “Risk Factors,” in our 2021 Annual Report.

Item 6.Exhibits

31.1	Certification
31.2	Certification
32.1	Certification
101.INS	Inline XBRL Instance - the instance document does not appear in the Interactive Data File because its XBRL tags are embedded within the Inline XBRL document.
101.SCH	Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema
101.CAL	Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Calculation Linkbase
101.DEF	Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Definition Linkbase
101.LAB	Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Label Linkbase
101.PRE	Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Presentation Linkbase
104	Cover page Interactive Data File (formatted as Inline XBRL and contained in Exhibit 101)

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SIGNATURES

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the Registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned thereunto duly authorized.

	Kronos Worldwide, Inc.
	(Registrant)
Date: November 2, 2022	/s/ Tim C. Hafer
	Tim C. Hafer
	Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer (duly authorized officer)

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