The Company is an innovative education services company focused primarily on providing fee-based processing services and quality education-related products and services in four core areas: loan financing, loan servicing, payment processing, and enrollment services (education planning). These products and services help students and families plan, prepare, and pay for their education and make the administrative and financial processes more efficient for schools and financial organizations. In addition, the Company earns net interest income on a portfolio of federally insured student loans.
The Company has certain business objectives in place that include:
| · | Continue to grow and diversify fee-based revenue |
| · | Maximize the value of existing portfolio |
| · | Use liquidity to capitalize on market opportunities |
Achieving these business objectives, as well as significant legislation changes in the student loan industry as discussed below, has impacted and will continue to impact the financial condition and operating results of the Company.
Legislative Impact on Operating Results
The Company has a portfolio of student loans in which it earns net interest income. These loans were originated and acquired by the Company under the FFEL Program.
On March 30, 2010, President Obama signed into law the Reconciliation Act of 2010. Effective July 1, 2010, this law prohibits new loan originations under the FFEL Program and requires that all new federal loan originations be made through the Federal Direct Loan Program. The new law does not alter or affect the terms and conditions of existing FFELP loans.
As a result of the Reconciliation Act of 2010, effective July 1, 2010, the Company no longer originates new FFELP loans. In addition, as a result of this legislation, net interest income on the Company’s existing FFELP loan portfolio, as well as fee-based revenue from guarantee and third party FFELP servicing, will decline over time as the Company’s and the Company’s customers’ FFELP loan portfolios are paid down.
Due to the legislative changes in the student loan industry, the Company believes there will be opportunities to purchase FFELP loan portfolios and/or expand its current level of guarantee and third party FFELP servicing volume on behalf of current FFELP participants looking to adjust their FFELP businesses. For example, during the first six months of 2011, the Company purchased $0.7 billion of FFELP student loans, and on July 8, 2011, the Company purchased the residual interest in $1.9 billion of additional FFEL Program loans.
Continue to Grow and Diversify Fee-Based Revenue
The Company has expanded products and services generated from businesses that are not dependent upon the FFEL Program, thereby reducing legislative and political risk related to the education lending industry. Revenues from these businesses are primarily generated from products and services offered in the Company’s Tuition Payment Processing and Campus Commerce and Enrollment Services operating segments. In addition, in September 2009, the Company began servicing federally-owned student loans for the Department. The amount of federally-owned student loans originated through the Direct Loan Program is expected to increase substantially, which will lead to an increase in servicing volume and related revenue for the Company. A summary of revenue from the Company’s fee-based businesses is shown below.
| | Three months ended | | | | | | | |
| | June 30, 2011 | | | June 30, 2010 | | | $ Change | | | % Change | |
Student Loan and Guaranty Servicing (a) | | $ | 41,747 | | | | 42,463 | | | | (716 | ) | | | (1.7 | )% |
Tuition Payment Processing and Campus Commerce | | | 14,763 | | | | 12,799 | | | | 1,964 | | | | 15.3 | |
Enrollment Services (b) | | | 32,315 | | | | 35,403 | | | | (3,088 | ) | | | (8.7 | ) |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Total revenue from fee-based businesses | | $ | 88,825 | | | | 90,665 | | | | (1,840 | ) | | | (2.0 | )% |
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| | Six months ended | | | | | | | | | |
| | June 30, 2011 | | | June 30, 2010 | | | $ Change | | | % Change | |
Student Loan and Guaranty Servicing (a) | | $ | 82,175 | | | | 83,692 | | | | (1,517 | ) | | | (1.8 | )% |
Tuition Payment Processing and Campus Commerce | | | 34,138 | | | | 30,189 | | | | 3,949 | | | | 13.1 | |
Enrollment Services (b) | | | 66,183 | | | | 68,674 | | | | (2,491 | ) | | | (3.6 | ) |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Total revenue from fee-based businesses | | $ | 182,496 | | | | 182,555 | | | | (59 | ) | | | (0.0 | )% |
| (a) | The Student Loan and Guaranty Servicing operating segment included $9.1 million and $12.3 million of revenue earned from rehabilitation collections on defaulted loans for the three months ended June 30, 2011 and 2010, respectively, and $15.6 million and $22.3 million for the six months ended June 30, 2011 and 2010, respectively. |
| (b) | Growth in enrollment services revenue has been affected by the current regulatory uncertainty in the for-profit college industry, which has caused schools to decrease spending on marketing efforts. |
As shown below, the Company’s revenue and income before taxes related to its fee-based operating segments continues to increase. The table below includes the consolidated operating results of the Company excluding the Asset Generation and Management Operating segment. Thus, the below table reflects the operating results of the Company as if it was not generating any earnings from its student loan portfolio.
| (a) | Excludes restructure and impairment expenses and a litigation settlement charge recognized in 2010. See the “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” section of the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2010 for additional information on total operating expenses by segment and these adjustments thereto. |
Manage Operating Costs
Operating expenses decreased $7.7 million (7.1%) and $11.7 million (5.5%) for the three and six months ended June 30, 2011 compared to the same periods in 2010. Operating expenses increased $0.9 million (0.9%) for the three months ended June 30, 2011 compared to the three months period ended March 31, 2011.
| | Three months ended | | | Change | |
| | June 30, 2011 | | | June 30, 2010 | | | $ | | | % | |
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Salaries and benefits | | $ | 42,881 | | | | 40,962 | | | | 1,919 | | | | 4.7 | % |
Cost to provide enrollment services | | | 22,140 | | | | 24,111 | | | | (1,971 | ) | | | (8.2 | ) |
Depreciation and amortization | | | 6,769 | | | | 9,728 | | | | (2,959 | ) | | | (30.4 | ) |
Restructure expense | | | — | | | | 72 | | | | (72 | ) | | | (100.0 | ) |
Other expenses | | | 28,767 | | | | 33,348 | | | | (4,581 | ) | | | (13.7 | ) |
Total operating expenses | | $ | 100,557 | | | | 108,221 | | | | (7,664 | ) | | | (7.1 | ) % |
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| | Three months ended | | | Change | |
| | June 30, 2011 | | | March 31, 2011 | | | $ | | | % | |
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Salaries and benefits | | $ | 42,881 | | | | 43,912 | | | | (1,031 | ) | | | (2.3 | ) % |
Cost to provide enrollment services | | | 22,140 | | | | 22,839 | | | | (699 | ) | | | (3.1 | ) |
Depreciation and amortization | | | 6,769 | | | | 6,776 | | | | (7 | ) | | | (0.1 | ) |
Restructure expense | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | |
Other expenses | | | 28,767 | | | | 26,105 | | | | 2,662 | | | | 10.2 | |
Total operating expenses | | $ | 100,557 | | | | 99,632 | | | | 925 | | | | 0.9 | % |
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| | Three months ended | | | Change | |
| | June 30, 2011 | | | June 30, 2010 | | | $ | | | % | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Salaries and benefits | | $ | 86,793 | | | | 81,606 | | | | 5,187 | | | | 6.4 | % |
Cost to provide enrollment services | | | 44,979 | | | | 46,136 | | | | (1,157 | ) | | | (2.5 | ) |
Depreciation and amortization | | | 13,545 | | | | 20,511 | | | | (6,966 | ) | | | (34.0 | ) |
Restructure expense | | | — | | | | 1,269 | | | | (1,269 | ) | | | (100.0 | ) |
Other expenses | | | 54,872 | | | | 62,403 | | | | (7,531 | ) | | | (12.1 | ) |
Total operating expenses | | $ | 200,189 | | | | 211,925 | | | | (11,736 | ) | | | (5.5 | ) % |
Maximize the Value of Existing Portfolio
Fixed rate floor income
Loans originated prior to April 1, 2006 generally earn interest at the higher of a floating rate based on the Special Allowance Payment or the SAP formula set by the Department and the borrower rate, which is fixed over a period of time. The SAP formula is based on an applicable indice plus a fixed spread that is dependent upon when the loan was originated, the loan’s repayment status, and funding sources for the loan. The Company generally finances its student loan portfolio with variable rate debt. In low and/or declining interest rate environments, when the fixed borrower rate is higher than the rate produced by the SAP formula, the Company’s student loans earn at a fixed rate while the interest on the variable rate debt typically continues to decline. In these interest rate environments, the Company earns additional spread income that it refers to as floor income. For loans where the borrower rate is fixed to term, the Company earns floor income for an extended period of time, which the Company refers to as fixed rate floor income.
The Company’s core student loan spread (variable student loan spread including fixed rate floor contribution) and variable student loan spread (net interest margin excluding fixed rate floor income) is summarized below.
| (a) | The interest earned on the majority of the Company’s FFELP student loan assets is indexed to the three-month commercial paper indice. The Company funds the majority of its assets with three-month LIBOR indexed floating rate securities. The relationship between these two indices has a significant impact on student loan spread. This table (the right axis) shows the difference between the average three-month LIBOR and commercial paper indices by quarter. |
The primary difference between variable student loan spread and core student loan spread is fixed rate floor income. A summary of fixed rate floor income and its contribution to core spread follows.
| | Three months ended | | | Six months ended | |
| | June 30, 2011 | | | March 31, 2011 | | | June 30, 2010 | | | June 30, 2011 | | | June 30, 2010 | |
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Fixed rate floor income, gross | | $ | 39,146 | | | | 37,900 | | | | 35,340 | | | | 77,046 | | | | 74,467 | |
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Derivative settlements (a) | | | (6,345 | ) | | | (6,218 | ) | | | (4,286 | ) | | | (12,563 | ) | | | (8,142 | ) |
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Fixed rate floor income, net | | $ | 32,801 | | | | 31,682 | | | | 31,054 | | | | 64,483 | | | | 66,325 | |
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Fixed rate floor income contribution to spread, net | | | 0.57 | % | | | 0.55 | % | | | 0.48 | % | | | 0.56 | % | | | 0.53 | % |
| (a) | Includes settlement payments on derivatives used to hedge student loans earning fixed rate floor income. |
The high levels of fixed rate floor income earned during 2011 and 2010 are due to historically low interest rates. If interest rates remain low, the Company anticipates continuing to earn significant fixed rate floor income in future periods.
Future Cash Flow from Portfolio
The majority of the Company’s portfolio of student loans is funded in asset-backed securitizations that are structured to substantially match the maturity of the funded assets, thereby minimizing liquidity risk. In addition, due to (i) the difference between the yield the Company receives on the loans and cost of financing within these transactions, and (ii) the excess servicing and administration fees the Company earns from these transactions, the Company has created a portfolio that will generate earnings and significant cash flow over the life of these transactions.
As of June 30, 2011, based on cash flow models developed to reflect management’s current estimate of, among other factors, prepayments, defaults, deferment, forbearance, and interest rates, the Company currently expects future undiscounted cash flows from its portfolio to be approximately $1.63 billion as detailed below. The $1.63 billion includes approximately $350 million (as of June 30, 2011) of overcollateralization included in the asset-backed securitizations. These excess net asset positions are reflected variously in the following balances on the consolidated balance sheet:"student loans receivable," "restricted cash and investments," and "accrued interest receivable."
The forecasted cash flow presented below includes all loans currently funded in asset-backed securitizations. As of June 30, 2011, the Company had $20.1 billion of loans included in asset-backed securitizations, which represented 87 percent of its total FFELP student loan portfolio. The forecasted cash flow does not include cash flows that the Company expects to receive related to loans funded through the Department of Education’s Conduit Program and other warehouse facilities or loans originated and/or acquired subsequent to June 30, 2011.
As previously discussed, on July 8, 2011, the Company purchased the residual interest in $1.9 billion of FFELP student loans. The table below does not include the estimated future cash flow from this portfolio. The Company estimates these loans will add approximately $90 million to $120 million in future cash flow to the Company in addition to the amounts summarized below.
| (a) | The Company uses various assumptions, including prepayments and future interest rates, when preparing its cash flow forecast. These assumptions are further discussed below. |
Prepayments: The primary variable in establishing a life of loan estimate is the level and timing of prepayments. Prepayment rates equal the percentage of loans that prepay annually as a percentage of the beginning of period balance, net of scheduled principal payments. A number of factors can affect estimated prepayment rates, including the level of consolidation activity and default rates. Should any of these factors change, management may revise its assumptions, which in turn would impact the projected future cash flow. The Company’s cash flow forecast above assumes prepayment rates that are generally consistent with those utilized in the Company’s recent asset-backed securities transactions. If management used a prepayment rate assumption two times greater than what was used to forecast the cash flow, the cash flow forecast would be reduced by approximately $330 million to $390 million.
Interest rates: The Company funds the majority of its student loans with three-month LIBOR (“LIBOR”) indexed floating rate securities. Meanwhile, the interest earned on the Company’s student loan assets are indexed primarily to a commercial paper rate (“CP”). The different interest rate characteristics of the Company’s loan assets and liabilities funding these assets result in basis risk. The Company’s cash flow forecast assumes LIBOR will exceed CP by 12 basis points for the life of the portfolio, which approximates the historical relationship between these indices. If the forecast is computed assuming a spread of 24 basis points between CP and LIBOR for the life of the portfolio, the cash flow forecast would be reduced by approximately $80 million to $120 million.
The Company uses the current forward interest rate yield curve to forecast cash flows. A change in the forward interest rate curve would impact the future cash flows generated from the portfolio. An increase in future interest rates will reduce the amount of fixed rate floor income the Company is currently receiving. The Company attempts to mitigate the impact of a rise in short-term rates by hedging interest rate risks. As of June 30, 2011, the net fair value of the Company’s interest rate derivatives used to hedge loans earning fixed rate floor income was a liability of $19.9 million.
Use Liquidity to Capitalize on Market Opportunities
The Company has used and will continue to use its improved liquidity position to capitalize on market opportunities, including FFELP student loan acquisitions; strategic acquisitions and investments in its core business areas of loan financing, loan servicing, payment processing, and enrollment services (education planning); and capital management initiatives, including debt repurchases, stock repurchases, and dividend distributions.
During 2011, the Company has used its improved liquidity to accomplish the following items:
| · | FFELP Student Loan Acquisitions |
| - | Purchased $0.7 billion of FFELP student loans through June 30, 2011 |
| - | Purchased the residual interest in $1.9 billion of FFELP student loans on July 8, 2011 |
| · | Acquisitions and Investments in Core Business Areas |
| - | Purchased contracts with more than 370 K-12 schools to provide tuition payment plan services |
| - | Raised the quarterly dividend paid on the Company’s common stock to $0.10 per share |
| - | Repurchased $63.2 million notional amount of debt recognizing a gain of $7.0 million |
Non-GAAP Performance Measures
In accordance with the rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”), the Company prepares financial statements in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles (“GAAP”). In addition to evaluating the Company’s GAAP-based financial information, management also evaluates the Company on a non-GAAP performance measure referred to as “base net income”. While “base net income” is not a substitute for reported results under GAAP, the Company provides “base net income” as additional information regarding its financial results.
“Base net income” is the primary financial performance measure used by management to develop financial plans, establish corporate performance targets, allocate resources, track results, evaluate performance, and determine incentive compensation. The Company’s board of directors utilizes “base net income” to set performance targets and evaluate management’s performance. The Company also believes analysts, rating agencies, and creditors use “base net income” in their evaluation of the Company’s results of operations. While “base net income” is not a substitute for reported results under GAAP, the Company utilizes “base net income” in operating its business because “base net income” permits management to make meaningful period-to-period comparisons by eliminating the temporary volatility in the Company’s performance that arises from certain items that are primarily affected by factors beyond the control of management. Management believes “base net income” provides additional insight into the financial performance of the core business activities of the Company’s operations.
The following table provides a reconciliation of GAAP net income to “base net income”.
| | Three months ended | | | Six months ended | |
| | June 30, | | | March 31, | | | June 30, | | | June 30, | | | June 30, | |
| | 2011 | | | 2011 | | | 2010 | | | 2011 | | | 2010 | |
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GAAP net income | | $ | 37,125 | | | | 54,880 | | | | 49,993 | | | | 92,005 | | | | 104,315 | |
Base adjustments: | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Derivative market value and foreign currency adjustments | | | 16,813 | | | | (1,116 | ) | | | 7,231 | | | | 15,697 | | | | 3,126 | |
Amortization of intangible assets | | | 3,959 | | | | 3,976 | | | | 6,232 | | | | 7,935 | | | | 12,748 | |
Total base adjustments before income taxes | | | 20,772 | | | | 2,860 | | | | 13,463 | | | | 23,632 | | | | 15,874 | |
Net tax effect | | | (7,893 | ) | | | (1,087 | ) | | | (5,116 | ) | | | (8,980 | ) | | | (6,032 | ) |
Total base adjustments | | | 12,879 | | | | 1,773 | | | | 8,347 | | | | 14,652 | | | | 9,842 | |
Base net income | | $ | 50,004 | | | | 56,653 | | | | 58,340 | | | | 106,657 | | | | 114,157 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Earnings per share: | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
GAAP net income | | $ | 0.76 | | | | 1.13 | | | | 1.00 | | | | 1.90 | | | | 2.08 | |
Adjustment for application of the two-class method | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
of computing earnings per share (a) | | | — | | | | 0.01 | | | | 0.01 | | | | 0.01 | | | | 0.02 | |
Total base adjustments | | | 0.28 | | | | 0.04 | | | | 0.16 | | | | 0.30 | | | | 0.20 | |
Base net income | | $ | 1.04 | | | | 1.18 | | | | 1.17 | | | | 2.21 | | | | 2.30 | |
| (a) | The two-class method requires the calculation of separate earnings per share amounts for unvested share-based awards and for common stock. Unvested share-based awards that contain nonforfeitable rights to dividends are considered securities which participate in undistributed earnings with common stock. GAAP net earnings per share in the above table represents earnings per share attributable to common shareholders. The adjustment to base net income reflects the earnings allocated to holders of unvested restricted stock awards. |
The following table summarizes the impact to “base net income” from restructure charges recognized by the Company.
| | Three months ended | | | Six months ended | |
| | June 30, | | | March 31, | | | June 30, | | | June 30, | | | June 30, | |
| | 2011 | | | 2011 | | | 2010 | | | 2011 | | | 2010 | |
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Base net income | | $ | 50,004 | | | | 56,653 | | | | 58,340 | | | | 106,657 | | | | 114,157 | |
Adjusted base adjustments: | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Restructure expense | | | — | | | | — | | | | 72 | | | | — | | | | 1,269 | |
Adjusted base adjustments before income taxes | | | — | | | | — | | | | 72 | | | | — | | | | 1,269 | |
Net tax effect | | | — | | | | — | | | | (27 | ) | | | — | | | | (482 | ) |
Total adjusted base adjustments | | | — | | | | — | | | | 45 | | | | — | | | | 787 | |
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Base net income, excluding restructure expense (net of tax) | | $ | 50,004 | | | | 56,653 | | | | 58,385 | | | | 106,657 | | | | 114,944 | |
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Earnings per share: | | $ | 1.04 | | | | 1.18 | | | | 1.17 | | | | 2.21 | | | | 2.30 | |
Base net income | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | | | | 0.01 | |
Total adjusted base adjustments | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Base net income, excluding restructure expense (net of tax) | | $ | 1.04 | | | | 1.18 | | | | 1.17 | | | | 2.21 | | | | 2.31 | |
Limitations of Base Net Income
While GAAP provides a uniform, comprehensive basis of accounting, for the reasons discussed above, management believes that “base net income” is an important additional tool for providing a more complete understanding of the Company’s results of operations. Nevertheless, “base net income” is subject to certain general and specific limitations that investors should carefully consider. For example, as stated above, unlike financial accounting, there is no comprehensive, authoritative guidance for management reporting. The Company’s “base net income” is not a defined term within GAAP and may not be comparable to similarly titled measures reported by other companies. Investors, therefore, may not be able to compare the Company’s performance with that of other companies based upon “base net income.” “Base net income” results are only meant to supplement GAAP results by providing additional information regarding the operational and performance indicators that are most closely monitored and used by the Company’s management and board of directors to assess performance and information which the Company believes is important to analysts, rating agencies, and creditors.
Other limitations of “base net income” arise from the specific adjustments that management makes to GAAP results to derive “base net income” results. These differences are described below.
Differences between GAAP and Base Net Income
Management’s financial planning and evaluation of operating results does not take into account the following items because their volatility and/or inherent uncertainty affect the period-to-period comparability of the Company’s results of operations. A more detailed discussion of the differences between GAAP and “base net income” follows.
Derivative market value and foreign currency adjustments: “Base net income” excludes the periodic unrealized gains and losses that are caused by the change in fair value on derivatives used in the Company’s risk management strategy in which the Company does not qualify for “hedge treatment” under GAAP. As such, the Company recognizes changes in fair value of derivative instruments currently in earnings. The Company maintains an overall interest rate risk management strategy that incorporates the use of derivative instruments to reduce the economic effect of interest rate volatility. Derivative instruments primarily used by the Company to manage interest rate risks include interest rate swaps and basis swaps. Management has structured the majority of the Company's derivative transactions with the intent that each is economically effective. However, the Company does not qualify its derivatives for “hedge treatment,” and the stand-alone derivative must be marked-to-market in the income statement with no consideration for the corresponding change in fair value of the hedged item. The Company believes these point-in-time estimates of asset and liability values that are subject to interest rate fluctuations make it difficult to evaluate the ongoing results of operations against its business plan and affect the period-to-period comparability of the results of operations. Included in “base net income” are the economic effects of the Company’s derivative instruments, which includes any cash paid or received being recognized as an expense or revenue upon actual derivative settlements. These settlements are included in “derivative settlements, net” on the attached condensed consolidated statements of income.
“Base net income” excludes the foreign currency transaction gains or losses caused by the re-measurement of the Company’s Euro-denominated bonds to U.S. dollars. In connection with the issuance of the Euro-denominated bonds, the Company has entered into cross-currency interest rate swaps. Under the terms of these agreements, the principal payments on the Euro-denominated notes will effectively be paid at the exchange rate in effect at the issuance date of the bonds. The cross-currency interest rate swaps also convert the floating rate paid on the Euro-denominated bonds (EURIBOR index) to an index based on LIBOR. Included in “base net income” are the economic effects of any cash paid or received being recognized as an expense or revenue upon actual settlements of the cross-currency interest rate swaps. These settlements are included in “derivative settlements, net” on the attached condensed consolidated statements of income. However, the gains or losses caused by the re-measurement of the Euro-denominated bonds to U.S. dollars and the change in market value of the cross-currency interest rate swaps are excluded from “base net income” as the Company believes the point-in-time estimates of value that are subject to currency rate fluctuations related to these financial instruments make it difficult to evaluate the ongoing results of operations against the Company’s business plan and affect the period-to-period comparability of the results of operations. The re-measurement of the Euro-denominated bonds generally correlates with the change in fair value of the cross-currency interest rate swaps. However, the Company will experience unrealized gains or losses related to the cross-currency interest rate swaps if the two underlying indices (and related forward curve) do not move in parallel.
The gains and/or losses included in “derivative market value and foreign currency adjustments” on the attached condensed consolidated statements of income are primarily caused by interest rate and currency volatility, as well as the volume and terms of derivatives not receiving hedge treatment. “Base net income” excludes these unrealized gains and losses and isolates the effect of interest rate and currency volatility related to the fair value of such instruments during the period. Under GAAP, the effects of these factors on the fair value of the derivative instruments (but not the underlying hedged item) tend to show more volatility in the short term.
Amortization of intangible assets: “Base net income” excludes the amortization of acquired intangibles, which arises primarily from the acquisition of definite life intangible assets in connection with the Company’s acquisitions, since the Company feels that such charges do not drive the Company’s operating performance on a long-term basis and can affect the period-to-period comparability of the results of operations.
Operating Segments
The Company earns fee-based revenue through its Student Loan and Guaranty Servicing, Tuition Payment Processing and Campus Commerce, and Enrollment Services operating segments. In addition, the Company earns net interest income on its student loan portfolio in its Asset Generation and Management operating segment. The Company’s operating segments are defined by the products and services they offer or the types of customers they serve, and they reflect the manner in which financial information is currently evaluated by management.
The accounting policies of the Company’s operating segments are the same as those described in note 2 in the notes to the consolidated financial statements included in the Company’s Annual Report filed on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2010. Intersegment revenues are charged by a segment to another segment that provides the product or service. Intersegment revenues and expenses are included within each segment consistent with the income statement presentation provided to management. Changes in management structure or allocation methodologies and procedures may result in changes in reported segment financial information. The Company allocates certain corporate overhead expenses to the individual operating segments. These expenses include certain corporate activities related to executive management, human resources, accounting, legal, occupancy, and marketing. These costs are allocated to each operating segment based on estimated use of such activities and services.
The management reporting process measures the performance of the Company’s operating segments based on the management structure of the Company as well as the methodology used by management to evaluate performance and allocate resources. Management, including the Company’s chief operating decision maker, evaluates the performance of the Company’s operating segments based on their profitability. As discussed further below, management measures the profitability of the Company’s operating segments based on “base net income.” Accordingly, information regarding the Company’s operating segments is provided based on “base net income.” The Company’s “base net income” is not a defined term within generally accepted accounting principles (“GAAP”) and may not be comparable to similarly titled measures reported by other companies. Unlike financial accounting, there is no comprehensive, authoritative guidance for management reporting.
Student Loan and Guaranty Servicing
The following are the primary product and service offerings the Company offers as part of its Student Loan and Guaranty Servicing segment:
| · | Servicing of FFELP loans |
| · | Origination and servicing of non-federally insured student loans |
| · | Servicing federally-owned student loans for the Department of Education |
| · | Servicing and support outsourcing for guaranty agencies |
| · | Student loan servicing software and other information technology products and services |
The Student Loan and Guaranty Servicing operating segment provides for the servicing of the Company’s student loan portfolios and the portfolios of third parties. The loan servicing activities include loan origination activities, loan conversion activities, application processing, borrower updates, payment processing, due diligence procedures, funds management reconciliations, and claim processing. These activities are performed internally for the Company’s portfolio in addition to generating external fee revenue when performed for third party clients.
In June 2009, the Department of Education named the Company as one of four private sector companies awarded a servicing contract to service federally-owned student loans. In September 2009, the Company began servicing loans under this contract. The contract spans five years, with one five-year renewal at the option of the Department.
This operating segment also provides servicing activities for guarantee agencies. These activities include providing software and data center services, borrower and loan updates, default aversion tracking services, claim processing services, and post-default collection services.
This operating segment also develops student loan servicing software, which is used internally by the Company and also licensed to third party student loan holders and servicers. In addition, this operating segment provides information technology products and services, with core areas of business in educational loan software solutions, technical consulting services, and Enterprise content management solutions.
Student Loan and Guaranty Servicing - Segment Summary of Results
The results for the three and six months ended June 30, 2011 compared to the same periods in 2010 include:
| · | A decrease in FFELP servicing revenue due to the loss of servicing volume from third party customers. |
| · | An increase in government servicing revenue due to increased volume from the Department. |
| · | A decrease in guaranty servicing revenue due to a decrease in rehabilitation collection revenue and the amortization of the guaranty servicing portfolio. |
| · | A lower operating margin as the result of the growing government servicing portfolio as a percent of the Company’s total servicing portfolio. |
Tuition Payment Processing and Campus Commerce
The Company’s Tuition Payment Processing and Campus Commerce operating segment provides products and services to help students and families manage the payment of education costs at all levels (K-12 and higher education). It also provides innovative education-focused technologies, services, and support solutions to help schools with the everyday challenges of collecting and processing commerce data.
In the K-12 market, the Company offers actively managed tuition payment plans as well as assistance with financial needs assessment, enrollment management, and donor management. The Company offers two principal products to the higher education market: actively managed tuition payment plans and campus commerce technologies and payment processing.
Tuition Payment Processing and Campus Commerce - Segment Summary of Results
The results for the three and six months ended June 30, 2011 compared to the same periods in 2010 include:
| · | An increase in revenue as a result of an increase in the number of managed tuition payment plans and campus commerce transactions processed. |
| · | An improved operating margin, which includes strong revenue growth while still incurring expenses related to continued investments in new products and services. |
Enrollment Services
The Enrollment Services operating segment offers products and services that are focused on helping colleges recruit and retain students (interactive and list marketing services) and helping students plan and prepare for life after high school (publishing services and resource centers). Interactive marketing products and services include agency of record services, qualified inquiry generation, pay per click, and other marketing management, along with school operations consulting and call center solutions. The majority of interactive marketing revenue is derived from fees which are earned through the delivery of qualified inquiries or clicks provided to colleges and universities. List marketing services include providing lists to help higher education institutions and businesses reach the middle school, high school, college bound high school, college, and young adult market places. Publishing services include test preparation study guides, school directories and databases, and career exploration guides. Resource centers include online courses, scholarship search and selection data, career planning, and on-line information about colleges and universities.
Enrollment Services - Segment Summary of Results
The results for the three and six months ended June 30, 2011 compared to the same periods in 2010 include a decrease in revenue and operating margin due to the effects from current regulatory uncertainty in the for-profit college industry, which has caused schools to decrease spending on marketing efforts.
Asset Generation and Management Operating Segment
The Asset Generation and Management Operating Segment includes the acquisition, management, and ownership of the Company’s student loan assets, which has historically been the Company’s largest product and service offering. The Company generates a substantial portion of its earnings from the spread, referred to as the Company’s student loan spread, between the yield it receives on its student loan portfolio and the associated costs to finance such portfolio. The student loan assets are held in a series of education lending subsidiaries designed specifically for this purpose. In addition to the student loan spread earned on its portfolio, all costs and activity associated with managing the portfolio, such as servicing of the assets and debt maintenance are included in this segment.
As a result of legislation (the Reconciliation Act of 2010), effective July 1, 2010, all new federal loan originations are made through the Direct Loan Program and the Company no longer originates FFELP loans. This legislation does not alter or affect the terms and conditions of existing FFELP loans.
Asset Generation and Management - Segment Summary of Results
The results for the three and six months ended June 30, 2011 compared to the same periods in 2010 include:
| · | Continued recognition of significant fixed rate floor income due to historically low interest rates. |
| · | The purchase of $683.1 million of FFELP student loans during the first six months of 2011 from various third parties. |
| · | The repurchase of $392.0 million of asset-backed securities resulting in a gain of $18.9 million in the first six months of 2010. Due to improvements in the capital markets, the opportunities for the Company to repurchase debt at less than par are becoming more limited. During the first six months of 2011, the Company repurchased $0.6 million of its asset-backed securities resulting in a gain of approximately $55,000. |
Corporate Activity and Overhead
Corporate Activity and Overhead includes the following items:
| · | Income earned on certain investment activities |
| · | Interest expense incurred on unsecured debt transactions |
| · | Other products and service offerings that are not considered operating segments |
Corporate Activities also includes certain corporate activities and overhead functions related to executive management, human resources, accounting and finance, legal, and marketing. Beginning in 2010, these costs were allocated to each operating segment based on estimated use of such activities and services.
Income Taxes
For segment reporting, income taxes are applied based on 38% of income (loss) before taxes for each individual operating segment. The difference between the consolidated income tax expense and the sum of taxes calculated for each operating segment is included in income taxes in Corporate Activity and Overhead.
Segment Operating Results
The tables below reflect “base net income” for each of the Company’s operating segments. Reconciliation of the segment totals to the Company’s operating results in accordance with GAAP is also included in the tables below.
| | Three months ended June 30, 2011 | |
| | Fee-Based | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | Enrollment | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Base Net | | | | | | | |
| | Servicing | | | Commerce | | | Services | | | Based | | | Management | | | Overhead | | | Eliminations | | | Income | | | Results | | | Operations | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Total interest income | | $ | 12 | | | | 2 | | | | — | | | | 14 | | | | 139,284 | | | | 1,147 | | | | (655 | ) | | | 139,790 | | | | — | | | | 139,790 | |
Interest expense | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | | | | 49,269 | | | | 2,440 | | | | (655 | ) | | | 51,054 | | | | — | | | | 51,054 | |
Net interest income (loss) | | | 12 | | | | 2 | | | | — | | | | 14 | | | | 90,015 | | | | (1,293 | ) | | | — | | | | 88,736 | | | | — | | | | 88,736 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Less provision for loan losses | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | | | | 5,250 | | | | — | | | | — | | | | 5,250 | | | | — | | | | 5,250 | |
Net interest income (loss) after provision for loan losses | | | 12 | | | | 2 | | | | — | | | | 14 | | | | 84,765 | | | | (1,293 | ) | | | — | | | | 83,486 | | | | — | | | | 83,486 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Other income (expense): | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Loan and guaranty servicing revenue | | | 37,389 | | | | — | | | | — | | | | 37,389 | | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | | | | 37,389 | | | | — | | | | 37,389 | |
Intersegment servicing revenue | | | 16,793 | | | | — | | | | — | | | | 16,793 | | | | — | | | | — | | | | (16,793 | ) | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | |
Tuition payment processing and campus commerce revenue | | | — | | | | 14,761 | | | | — | | | | 14,761 | | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | | | | 14,761 | | | | — | | | | 14,761 | |
Enrollment services revenue | | | — | | | | — | | | | 32,315 | | | | 32,315 | | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | | | | 32,315 | | | | — | | | | 32,315 | |
Software services revenue | | | 4,346 | | | | — | | | | — | | | | 4,346 | | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | | | | 4,346 | | | | — | | | | 4,346 | |
Other income | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | | | | 3,997 | | | | 2,829 | | | | — | | | | 6,826 | | | | — | | | | 6,826 | |
Gain on sale of loans and debt repurchases | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | |
Derivative market value and foreign currency adjustments | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | | | | (16,813 | ) | | | (16,813 | ) |
Derivative settlements, net | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | | | | (3,274 | ) | | | (248 | ) | | | — | | | | (3,522 | ) | | | — | | | | (3,522 | ) |
Total other income (expense) | | | 58,528 | | | | 14,761 | | | | 32,315 | | | | 105,604 | | | | 723 | | | | 2,581 | | | | (16,793 | ) | | | 92,115 | | | | (16,813 | ) | | | 75,302 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Operating expenses: | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Salaries and benefits | | | 24,731 | | | | 7,249 | | | | 5,931 | | | | 37,911 | | | | 709 | | | | 4,261 | | | | — | | | | 42,881 | | | | — | | | | 42,881 | |
Cost to provide enrollment services | | | — | | | | — | | | | 22,140 | | | | 22,140 | | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | | | | 22,140 | | | | — | | | | 22,140 | |
Depreciation and amortization | | | 1,336 | | | | 345 | | | | 780 | | | | 2,461 | | | | — | | | | 349 | | | | — | | | | 2,810 | | | | 3,959 | | | | 6,769 | |
Restructure expense | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | |
Other | | | 14,605 | | | | 2,327 | | | | 2,442 | | | | 19,374 | | | | 5,139 | | | | 4,254 | | | | — | | | | 28,767 | | | | — | | | | 28,767 | |
Intersegment expenses, net | | | 1,060 | | | | 1,118 | | | | 959 | | | | 3,137 | | | | 17,047 | | | | (3,391 | ) | | | (16,793 | ) | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | |
Total operating expenses | | | 41,732 | | | | 11,039 | | | | 32,252 | | | | 85,023 | | | | 22,895 | | | | 5,473 | | | | (16,793 | ) | | | 96,598 | | | | 3,959 | | | | 100,557 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Income (loss) before income taxes and corporate overhead allocation | | | 16,808 | | | | 3,724 | | | | 63 | | | | 20,595 | | | | 62,593 | | | | (4,185 | ) | | | — | | | | 79,003 | | | | (20,772 | ) | | | 58,231 | |
Corporate overhead allocation | | | (1,233 | ) | | | (411 | ) | | | (411 | ) | | | (2,055 | ) | | | (2,054 | ) | | | 4,109 | | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | |
Income (loss) before income taxes | | | 15,575 | | | | 3,313 | | | | (348 | ) | | | 18,540 | | | | 60,539 | | | | (76 | ) | | | — | | | | 79,003 | | | | (20,772 | ) | | | 58,231 | |
Income tax (expense) benefit | | | (5,917 | ) | | | (1,259 | ) | | | 132 | | | | (7,044 | ) | | | (23,412 | ) | | | 1,457 | | | | — | | | | (28,999 | ) | | | 7,893 | | | | (21,106 | ) |
Net income (loss) | | $ | 9,658 | | | | 2,054 | | | | (216 | ) | | | 11,496 | | | | 37,127 | | | | 1,381 | | | | — | | | | 50,004 | | | | (12,879 | ) | | | 37,125 | |
| | Three months ended March 31, 2011 | |
| | Fee-Based | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | Enrollment | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Base Net | | | | | | | |
| | Servicing | | | Commerce | | | Services | | | Based | | | Management | | | Overhead | | | Eliminations | | | Income | | | Results | | | Operations | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Total interest income | | $ | 15 | | | | 6 | | | | — | | | | 21 | | | | 137,639 | | | | 1,146 | | | | (722 | ) | | | 138,084 | | | | — | | | | 138,084 | |
Interest expense | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | | | | 49,716 | | | | 3,313 | | | | (722 | ) | | | 52,307 | | | | — | | | | 52,307 | |
Net interest income (loss) | | | 15 | | | | 6 | | | | — | | | | 21 | | | | 87,923 | | | | (2,167 | ) | | | — | | | | 85,777 | | | | — | | | | 85,777 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Less provision for loan losses | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | | | | 3,750 | | | | — | | | | — | | | | 3,750 | | | | — | | | | 3,750 | |
Net interest income (loss) after provision for loan losses | | | 15 | | | | 6 | | | | — | | | | 21 | | | | 84,173 | | | | (2,167 | ) | | | — | | | | 82,027 | | | | — | | | | 82,027 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Other income (expense): | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Loan and guaranty servicing revenue | | | 35,636 | | | | — | | | | — | | | | 35,636 | | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | | | | 35,636 | | | | — | | | | 35,636 | |
Intersegment servicing revenue | | | 17,857 | | | | — | | | | — | | | | 17,857 | | | | — | | | | — | | | | (17,857 | ) | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | |
Tuition payment processing and campus commerce revenue | | | — | | | | 19,369 | | | | — | | | | 19,369 | | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | | | | 19,369 | | | | — | | | | 19,369 | |
Enrollment services revenue | | | — | | | | — | | | | 33,868 | | | | 33,868 | | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | | | | 33,868 | | | | — | | | | 33,868 | |
Software services revenue | | | 4,777 | | | | — | | | | — | | | | 4,777 | | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | | | | 4,777 | | | | — | | | | 4,777 | |
Other income | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | | | | 4,136 | | | | 2,356 | | | | — | | | | 6,492 | | | | — | | | | 6,492 | |
Gain on sale of loans and debt repurchases | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | | | | 1,400 | | | | 6,907 | | | | — | | | | 8,307 | | | | — | | | | 8,307 | |
Derivative market value and foreign currency adjustments | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | | | | 1,116 | | | | 1,116 | |
Derivative settlements, net | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | | | | (4,038 | ) | | | (114 | ) | | | — | | | | (4,152 | ) | | | — | | | | (4,152 | ) |
Total other income (expense) | | | 58,270 | | | | 19,369 | | | | 33,868 | | | | 111,507 | | | | 1,498 | | | | 9,149 | | | | (17,857 | ) | | | 104,297 | | | | 1,116 | | | | 105,413 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Operating expenses: | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Salaries and benefits | | | 25,388 | | | | 7,152 | | | | 6,257 | | | | 38,797 | | | | 778 | | | | 4,337 | | | | — | | | | 43,912 | | | | — | | | | 43,912 | |
Cost to provide enrollment services | | | — | | | | — | | | | 22,839 | | | | 22,839 | | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | | | | 22,839 | | | | — | | | | 22,839 | |
Depreciation and amortization | | | 1,306 | | | | 336 | | | | 813 | | | | 2,455 | | | | — | | | | 345 | | | | — | | | | 2,800 | | | | 3,976 | | | | 6,776 | |
Restructure expense | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | |
Other | | | 14,579 | | | | 2,634 | | | | 2,318 | | | | 19,531 | | | | 1,538 | | | | 5,036 | | | | — | | | | 26,105 | | | | — | | | | 26,105 | |
Intersegment expenses, net | | | 1,369 | | | | 1,093 | | | | 818 | | | | 3,280 | | | | 18,147 | | | | (3,570 | ) | | | (17,857 | ) | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | |
Total operating expenses | | | 42,642 | | | | 11,215 | | | | 33,045 | | | | 86,902 | | | | 20,463 | | | | 6,148 | | | | (17,857 | ) | | | 95,656 | | | | 3,976 | | | | 99,632 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Income (loss) before income taxes and corporate overhead allocation | | | 15,643 | | | | 8,160 | | | | 823 | | | | 24,626 | | | | 65,208 | | | | 834 | | | | — | | | | 90,668 | | | | (2,860 | ) | | | 87,808 | |
Corporate overhead allocation | | | (753 | ) | | | (251 | ) | | | (251 | ) | | | (1,255 | ) | | | (1,255 | ) | | | 2,510 | | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | |
Income (loss) before income taxes | | | 14,890 | | | | 7,909 | | | | 572 | | | | 23,371 | | | | 63,953 | | | | 3,344 | | | | — | | | | 90,668 | | | | (2,860 | ) | | | 87,808 | |
Income tax (expense) benefit | | | (5,658 | ) | | | (3,005 | ) | | | (217 | ) | | | (8,880 | ) | | | (24,302 | ) | | | (833 | ) | | | — | | | | (34,015 | ) | | | 1,087 | | | | (32,928 | ) |
Net income (loss) | | $ | 9,232 | | | | 4,904 | | | | 355 | | | | 14,491 | | | | 39,651 | | | | 2,511 | | | | — | | | | 56,653 | | | | (1,773 | ) | | | 54,880 | |
| | Three months ended June 30, 2010 | |
| | Fee-Based | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | Enrollment | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Base Net | | | | | | | |
| | Servicing | | | Commerce | | | Services | | | Based | | | Management | | | Overhead | | | Eliminations | | | Income | | | Results | | | Operations | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Total interest income | | $ | 17 | | | | 4 | | | | — | | | | 21 | | | | 155,701 | | | | 1,922 | | | | (987 | ) | | | 156,657 | | | | — | | | | 156,657 | |
Interest expense | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | | | | 54,105 | | | | 6,125 | | | | (987 | ) | | | 59,243 | | | | — | | | | 59,243 | |
Net interest income (loss) | | | 17 | | | | 4 | | | | — | | | | 21 | | | | 101,596 | | | | (4,203 | ) | | | — | | | | 97,414 | | | | — | | | | 97,414 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Less provision for loan losses | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | | | | 6,200 | | | | — | | | | — | | | | 6,200 | | | | — | | | | 6,200 | |
Net interest income (loss) after provision for loan losses | | | 17 | | | | 4 | | | | — | | | | 21 | | | | 95,396 | | | | (4,203 | ) | | | — | | | | 91,214 | | | | — | | | | 91,214 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Other income (expense): | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Loan and guaranty servicing revenue | | | 36,652 | | | | — | | | | — | | | | 36,652 | | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | | | | 36,652 | | | | — | | | | 36,652 | |
Intersegment servicing revenue | | | 21,969 | | | | — | | | | — | | | | 21,969 | | | | — | | | | — | | | | (21,969 | ) | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | |
Tuition payment processing and campus commerce revenue | | | — | | | | 12,795 | | | | — | | | | 12,795 | | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | | | | 12,795 | | | | — | | | | 12,795 | |
Enrollment services revenue | | | — | | | | — | | | | 35,403 | | | | 35,403 | | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | | | | 35,403 | | | | — | | | | 35,403 | |
Software services revenue | | | 5,499 | | | | — | | | | — | | | | 5,499 | | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | | | | 5,499 | | | | — | | | | 5,499 | |
Other income | | | 295 | | | | — | | | | — | | | | 295 | | | | 4,636 | | | | 3,565 | | | | — | | | | 8,496 | | | | — | | | | 8,496 | |
Gain on sale of loans and debt repurchases | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | | | | 8,759 | | | | — | | | | — | | | | 8,759 | | | | — | | | | 8,759 | |
Derivative market value and foreign currency adjustments | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | | | | (7,231 | ) | | | (7,231 | ) |
Derivative settlements, net | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | | | | (3,377 | ) | | | — | | | | — | | | | (3,377 | ) | | | — | | | | (3,377 | ) |
Total other income (expense) | | | 64,415 | | | | 12,795 | | | | 35,403 | | | | 112,613 | | | | 10,018 | | | | 3,565 | | | | (21,969 | ) | | | 104,227 | | | | (7,231 | ) | | | 96,996 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Operating expenses: | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Salaries and benefits | | | 23,327 | | | | 6,594 | | | | 6,447 | | | | 36,368 | | | | 1,286 | | | | 3,808 | | | | (500 | ) | | | 40,962 | | | | — | | | | 40,962 | |
Cost to provide enrollment services | | | — | | | | — | | | | 24,111 | | | | 24,111 | | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | | | | 24,111 | | | | — | | | | 24,111 | |
Depreciation and amortization | | | 1,157 | | | | 339 | | | | 1,616 | | | | 3,112 | | | | — | | | | 384 | | | | — | | | | 3,496 | | | | 6,232 | | | | 9,728 | |
Restructure expense | | | 84 | | | | — | | | | — | | | | 84 | | | | — | | | | (12 | ) | | | — | | | | 72 | | | | — | | | | 72 | |
Other | | | 18,668 | | | | 2,272 | | | | 2,449 | | | | 23,389 | | | | 2,992 | | | | 6,967 | | | | — | | | | 33,348 | | | | — | | | | 33,348 | |
Intersegment expenses, net | | | 1,149 | | | | 879 | | | | 641 | | | | 2,669 | | | | 21,891 | | | | (3,091 | ) | | | (21,469 | ) | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | |
Total operating expenses | | | 44,385 | | | | 10,084 | | | | 35,264 | | | | 89,733 | | | | 26,169 | | | | 8,056 | | | | (21,969 | ) | | | 101,989 | | | | 6,232 | | | | 108,221 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Income (loss) before income taxes and corporate overhead allocation | | | 20,047 | | | | 2,715 | | | | 139 | | | | 22,901 | | | | 79,245 | | | | (8,694 | ) | | | — | | | | 93,452 | | | | (13,463 | ) | | | 79,989 | |
Corporate overhead allocation | | | (1,484 | ) | | | (495 | ) | | | (495 | ) | | | (2,474 | ) | | | (2,473 | ) | | | 4,947 | | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | |
Income (loss) before income taxes | | | 18,563 | | | | 2,220 | | | | (356 | ) | | | 20,427 | | | | 76,772 | | | | (3,747 | ) | | | — | | | | 93,452 | | | | (13,463 | ) | | | 79,989 | |
Income tax (expense) benefit | | | (7,053 | ) | | | (844 | ) | | | 135 | | | | (7,762 | ) | | | (29,173 | ) | | | 1,823 | | | | — | | | | (35,112 | ) | | | 5,116 | | | | (29,996 | ) |
Net income (loss) | | $ | 11,510 | | | | 1,376 | | | | (221 | ) | | | 12,665 | | | | 47,599 | | | | (1,924 | ) | | | — | | | | 58,340 | | | | (8,347 | ) | | | 49,993 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Additional information: | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Net income (loss) | | $ | 11,510 | | | | 1,376 | | | | (221 | ) | | | 12,665 | | | | 47,599 | | | | (1,924 | ) | | | — | | | | 58,340 | | | | (8,347 | ) | | | 49,993 | |
Plus: Restructure expense (a) | | | 84 | | | | — | | | | — | | | | 84 | | | | — | | | | (12 | ) | | | — | | | | 72 | | | | (72 | ) | | | — | |
Less: Net tax effect | | | (32 | ) | | | — | | | | — | | | | (32 | ) | | | — | | | | 5 | | | | — | | | | (27 | ) | | | 27 | | | | — | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Net income (loss), excluding restructure expense | | $ | 11,562 | | | | 1,376 | | | | (221 | ) | | | 12,717 | | | | 47,599 | | | | (1,931 | ) | | | — | | | | 58,385 | | | | (8,392 | ) | | | 49,993 | |
(a) | During the second quarter of 2010, the Company recorded restructuring charges associated with previously implemented restructuring plans. |
| | Six months ended June 30, 2011 | |
| Fee-Based | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Eliminations | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Total interest income | | $ | 27 | | | | 8 | | | | — | | | | 35 | | | | 276,923 | | | | 2,293 | | | | (1,377 | ) | | | 277,874 | | | | — | | | | 277,874 | |
Interest expense | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | | | | 98,985 | | | | 5,753 | | | | (1,377 | ) | | | 103,361 | | | | — | | | | 103,361 | |
Net interest income (loss) | | | 27 | | | | 8 | | | | — | | | | 35 | | | | 177,938 | | | | (3,460 | ) | | | — | | | | 174,513 | | | | — | | | | 174,513 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Less provision for loan losses | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | | | | 9,000 | | | | — | | | | — | | | | 9,000 | | | | — | | | | 9,000 | |
Net interest income (loss) after provision for loan losses | | | 27 | | | | 8 | | | | — | | | | 35 | | | | 168,938 | | | | (3,460 | ) | | | — | | | | 165,513 | | | | — | | | | 165,513 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Other income (expense): | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Loan and guaranty servicing revenue | | | 73,025 | | | | — | | | | — | | | | 73,025 | | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | | | | 73,025 | | | | — | | | | 73,025 | |
Intersegment servicing revenue | | | 34,650 | | | | — | | | | — | | | | 34,650 | | | | — | | | | — | | | | (34,650 | ) | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | |
Tuition payment processing and campus commerce revenue | | | — | | | | 34,130 | | | | — | | | | 34,130 | | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | | | | 34,130 | | | | — | | | | 34,130 | |
Enrollment services revenue | | | — | | | | — | | | | 66,183 | | | | 66,183 | | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | | | | 66,183 | | | | — | | | | 66,183 | |
Software services revenue | | | 9,123 | | | | — | | | | — | | | | 9,123 | | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | | | | 9,123 | | | | — | | | | 9,123 | |
Other income | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | | | | 8,133 | | | | 5,185 | | | | — | | | | 13,318 | | | | — | | | | 13,318 | |
Gain on sale of loans and debt repurchases | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | | | | 1,400 | | | | 6,907 | | | | — | | | | 8,307 | | | | — | | | | 8,307 | |
Derivative market value and foreign currency adjustments | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | | | | (15,697 | ) | | | (15,697 | ) |
Derivative settlements, net | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | | | | (7,312 | ) | | | (362 | ) | | | — | | | | (7,674 | ) | | | — | | | | (7,674 | ) |
Total other income (expense) | | | 116,798 | | | | 34,130 | | | | 66,183 | | | | 217,111 | | | | 2,221 | | | | 11,730 | | | | (34,650 | ) | | | 196,412 | | | | (15,697 | ) | | | 180,715 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Operating expenses: | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Salaries and benefits | | | 50,119 | | | | 14,401 | | | | 12,188 | | | | 76,708 | | | | 1,487 | | | | 8,598 | | | | — | | | | 86,793 | | | | — | | | | 86,793 | |
Cost to provide enrollment services | | | — | | | | — | | | | 44,979 | | | | 44,979 | | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | | | | 44,979 | | | | — | | | | 44,979 | |
Depreciation and amortization | | | 2,642 | | | | 681 | | | | 1,593 | | | | 4,916 | | | | — | | | | 694 | | | | — | | | | 5,610 | | | | 7,935 | | | | 13,545 | |
Restructure expense | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | | | | ��� | | | | — | | | | — | |
Other | | | 29,184 | | | | 4,961 | | | | 4,760 | | | | 38,905 | | | | 6,677 | | | | 9,290 | | | | — | | | | 54,872 | | | | — | | | | 54,872 | |
Intersegment expenses, net | | | 2,429 | | | | 2,211 | | | | 1,777 | | | | 6,417 | | | | 35,194 | | | | (6,961 | ) | | | (34,650 | ) | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | |
Total operating expenses | | | 84,374 | | | | 22,254 | | | | 65,297 | | | | 171,925 | | | | 43,358 | | | | 11,621 | | | | (34,650 | ) | | | 192,254 | | | | 7,935 | | | | 200,189 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Income (loss) before income taxes and corporate overhead allocation | | | 32,451 | | | | 11,884 | | | | 886 | | | | 45,221 | | | | 127,801 | | | | (3,351 | ) | | | — | | | | 169,671 | | | | (23,632 | ) | | | 146,039 | |
Corporate overhead allocation | | | (1,986 | ) | | | (662 | ) | | | (662 | ) | | | (3,310 | ) | | | (3,309 | ) | | | 6,619 | | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | |
Income (loss) before income taxes | | | 30,465 | | | | 11,222 | | | | 224 | | | | 41,911 | | | | 124,492 | | | | 3,268 | | | | — | | | | 169,671 | | | | (23,632 | ) | | | 146,039 | |
Income tax (expense) benefit | | | (11,575 | ) | | | (4,264 | ) | | | (85 | ) | | | (15,924 | ) | | | (47,714 | ) | | | 624 | | | | — | | | | (63,014 | ) | | | 8,980 | | | | (54,034 | ) |
Net income (loss) | | $ | 18,890 | | | | 6,958 | | | | 139 | | | | 25,987 | | | | 76,778 | | | | 3,892 | | | | — | | | | 106,657 | | | | (14,652 | ) | | | 92,005 | |
| | Six months ended June 30, 2010 | |
| | Fee-Based | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | Enrollment | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Base net | | | | | | | |
| | Servicing | | | Commerce | | | Services | | | Based | | | Management | | | Overhead | | | Eliminations | | | income | | | Results | | | Operations | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Total interest income | | $ | 30 | | | | 12 | | | | — | | | | 42 | | | | 290,963 | | | | 3,520 | | | | (1,900 | ) | | | 292,625 | | | | — | | | | 292,625 | |
Interest expense | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | | | | 99,761 | | | | 12,241 | | | | (1,900 | ) | | | 110,102 | | | | — | | | | 110,102 | |
Net interest income (loss) | | | 30 | | | | 12 | | | | — | | | | 42 | | | | 191,202 | | | | (8,721 | ) | | | — | | | | 182,523 | | | | — | | | | 182,523 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Less provision for loan losses | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | | | | 11,200 | | | | — | | | | — | | | | 11,200 | | | | — | | | | 11,200 | |
Net interest income (loss) after provision for loan losses | | | 30 | | | | 12 | | | | — | | | | 42 | | | | 180,002 | | | | (8,721 | ) | | | — | | | | 171,323 | | | | — | | | | 171,323 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Other income (expense): | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Loan and guaranty servicing revenue | | | 73,300 | | | | — | | | | — | | | | 73,300 | | | | — | | | | (254 | ) | �� | | — | | | | 73,046 | | | | — | | | | 73,046 | |
Intersegment servicing revenue | | | 43,549 | | | | — | | | | — | | | | 43,549 | | | | — | | | | — | | | | (43,549 | ) | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | |
Tuition payment processing and campus commerce revenue | | | — | | | | 30,177 | | | | — | | | | 30,177 | | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | | | | 30,177 | | | | — | | | | 30,177 | |
Enrollment services revenue | | | — | | | | — | | | | 68,674 | | | | 68,674 | | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | | | | 68,674 | | | | — | | | | 68,674 | |
Software services revenue | | | 9,843 | | | | — | | | | — | | | | 9,843 | | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | | | | 9,843 | | | | — | | | | 9,843 | |
Other income | | | 519 | | | | — | | | | — | | | | 519 | | | | 9,404 | | | | 5,833 | | | | — | | | | 15,756 | | | | — | | | | 15,756 | |
Gain on sale of loans and debt repurchases | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | | | | 18,936 | | | | — | | | | — | | | | 18,936 | | | | — | | | | 18,936 | |
Derivative market value and foreign currency adjustments | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | | | | (3,126 | ) | | | (3,126 | ) |
Derivative settlements, net | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | | | | (5,800 | ) | | | — | | | | — | | | | (5,800 | ) | | | — | | | | (5,800 | ) |
Total other income (expense) | | | 127,211 | | | | 30,177 | | | | 68,674 | | | | 226,062 | | | | 22,540 | | | | 5,579 | | | | (43,549 | ) | | | 210,632 | | | | (3,126 | ) | | | 207,506 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Operating expenses: | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Salaries and benefits | | | 46,909 | | | | 13,212 | | | | 12,518 | | | | 72,639 | | | | 2,644 | | | | 7,925 | | | | (1,602 | ) | | | 81,606 | | | | — | | | | 81,606 | |
Cost to provide enrollment services | | | — | | | | — | | | | 46,136 | | | | 46,136 | | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | | | | 46,136 | | | | — | | | | 46,136 | |
Depreciation and amortization | | | 2,176 | | | | 672 | | | | 4,120 | | | | 6,968 | | | | 3 | | | | 792 | | | | — | | | | 7,763 | | | | 12,748 | | | | 20,511 | |
Restructure expense | | | 1,289 | | | | — | | | | — | | | | 1,289 | | | | — | | | | (20 | ) | | | — | | | | 1,269 | | | | — | | | | 1,269 | |
Other | | | 33,168 | | | | 4,380 | | | | 5,007 | | | | 42,555 | | | | 7,210 | | | | 12,638 | | | | — | | | | 62,403 | | | | — | | | | 62,403 | |
Intersegment expenses, net | | | 2,992 | | | | 1,653 | | | | 1,074 | | | | 5,719 | | | | 42,716 | | | | (6,488 | ) | | | (41,947 | ) | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | |
Total operating expenses | | | 86,534 | | | | 19,917 | | | | 68,855 | | | | 175,306 | | | | 52,573 | | | | 14,847 | | | | (43,549 | ) | | | 199,177 | | | | 12,748 | | | | 211,925 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Income (loss) before income taxes and corporate overhead allocation | | | 40,707 | | | | 10,272 | | | | (181 | ) | | | 50,798 | | | | 149,969 | | | | (17,989 | ) | | | — | | | | 182,778 | | | | (15,874 | ) | | | 166,904 | |
Corporate overhead allocation | | | (2,673 | ) | | | (891 | ) | | | (891 | ) | | | (4,455 | ) | | | (4,454 | ) | | | 8,909 | | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | |
Income (loss) before income taxes | | | 38,034 | | | | 9,381 | | | | (1,072 | ) | | | 46,343 | | | | 145,515 | | | | (9,080 | ) | | | — | | | | 182,778 | | | | (15,874 | ) | | | 166,904 | |
Income tax (expense) benefit | | | (14,453 | ) | | | (3,566 | ) | | | 408 | | | | (17,611 | ) | | | (55,296 | ) | | | 4,286 | | | | — | | | | (68,621 | ) | | | 6,032 | | | | (62,589 | ) |
Net income (loss) | | $ | 23,581 | | | | 5,815 | | | | (664 | ) | | | 28,732 | | | | 90,219 | | | | (4,794 | ) | | | — | | | | 114,157 | | | | (9,842 | ) | | | 104,315 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Additional information: | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Net income (loss) | | $ | 23,581 | | | | 5,815 | | | | (664 | ) | | | 28,732 | | | | 90,219 | | | | (4,794 | ) | | | — | | | | 114,157 | | | | (9,842 | ) | | | 104,315 | |
Plus: Restructure expense (a) | | | 1,289 | | | | — | | | | — | | | | 1,289 | | | | — | | | | (20 | ) | | | — | | | | 1,269 | | | | (1,269 | ) | | | — | |
Less: Net tax effect | | | (490 | ) | | | — | | | | — | | | | (490 | ) | | | — | | | | 8 | | | | — | | | | (482 | ) | | | 482 | | | | — | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Net income (loss), excluding restructure expense | | $ | 24,380 | | | | 5,815 | | | | (664 | ) | | | 29,531 | | | | 90,219 | | | | (4,806 | ) | | | — | | | | 114,944 | | | | (10,629 | ) | | | 104,315 | |
(a) | During the first six months of 2010, the Company recorded restructuring charges associated with previously implemented restructuring plans. |
The adjustments required to reconcile from the Company’s “base net income” measure to its GAAP results of operations relate to differing treatments for derivatives, foreign currency transaction adjustments, and amortization of intangible assets. These items are excluded from management’s evaluation of the Company’s operating results. The following tables reflect adjustments associated with these areas by operating segment and Corporate Activity and Overhead:
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Total | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | Three months ended June 30, 2011 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Derivative market value and foreign currency adjustments | | $ | — | | | | — | | | | — | | | | 12,531 | | | | 4,282 | | | | 16,813 | |
Amortization of intangible assets | | | 2,100 | | | | 981 | | | | 878 | | | | — | | | | — | | | | 3,959 | |
Net tax effect (a) | | | (798 | ) | | | (373 | ) | | | (334 | ) | | | (4,762 | ) | | | (1,626 | ) | | | (7,893 | ) |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Total adjustments to GAAP | | $ | 1,302 | | | | 608 | | | | 544 | | | | 7,769 | | | | 2,656 | | | | 12,879 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | Three months ended March 31, 2011 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Derivative market value and foreign currency adjustments | | $ | — | | | | — | | | | — | | | | 589 | | | | (1,705 | ) | | | (1,116 | ) |
Amortization of intangible assets | | | 2,100 | | | | 998 | | | | 878 | | | | — | | | | — | | | | 3,976 | |
Net tax effect (a) | | | (798 | ) | | | (379 | ) | | | (334 | ) | | | (224 | ) | | | 648 | | | | (1,087 | ) |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Total adjustments to GAAP | | $ | 1,302 | | | | 619 | | | | 544 | | | | 365 | | | | (1,057 | ) | | | 1,773 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | Three months ended June 30, 2010 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Derivative market value and foreign currency adjustments | | $ | — | | | | — | | | | — | | | | 550 | | | | 6,681 | | | | 7,231 | |
Amortization of intangible assets | | | 2,114 | | | | 1,591 | | | | 2,527 | | | | — | | | | — | | | | 6,232 | |
Net tax effect (a) | | | (803 | ) | | | (605 | ) | | | (958 | ) | | | (209 | ) | | | (2,541 | ) | | | (5,116 | ) |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Total adjustments to GAAP | | $ | 1,311 | | | | 986 | | | | 1,569 | | | | 341 | | | | 4,140 | | | | 8,347 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | Six months ended June 30, 2011 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Derivative market value and foreign currency adjustments | | $ | — | | | | — | | | | — | | | | 13,120 | | | | 2,577 | | | | 15,697 | |
Amortization of intangible assets | | | 4,200 | | | | 1,979 | | | | 1,756 | | | | — | | | | — | | | | 7,935 | |
Net tax effect (a) | | | (1,596 | ) | | | (752 | ) | | | (667 | ) | | | (4,986 | ) | | | (979 | ) | | | (8,980 | ) |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Total adjustments to GAAP | | $ | 2,604 | | | | 1,227 | | | | 1,089 | | | | 8,134 | | | | 1,598 | | | | 14,652 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | Six months ended June 30, 2010 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Derivative market value and foreign currency adjustments | | $ | — | | | | — | | | | — | | | | (4,011 | ) | | | 7,137 | | | | 3,126 | |
Amortization of intangible assets | | | 4,350 | | | | 3,516 | | | | 4,882 | | | | — | | | | — | | | | 12,748 | |
Net tax effect (a) | | | (1,653 | ) | | | (1,337 | ) | | | (1,858 | ) | | | 1,524 | | | | (2,708 | ) | | | (6,032 | ) |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Total adjustments to GAAP | | $ | 2,697 | | | | 2,179 | | | | 3,024 | | | | (2,487 | ) | | | 4,429 | | | | 9,842 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| (a) | Income taxes are based on 38% for the individual operating segments. |
Net interest income after provision for loan losses (net of settlements on derivatives)
The following table summarizes the components of “net interest income after provision for loan losses,” net of “derivative settlements, net” included in the attached condensed consolidated statements of income.
| | Three months ended | | | Six months ended | |
| | June 30, | | | March 31 | | | June 30, | | | June 30, | | | June 30, | |
| | 2011 | | | 2011 | | | 2010 | | | 2011 | | | 2010 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Variable student loan interest margin, net of settlements on derivatives | | $ | 53,997 | | | | 52,530 | | | | 67,804 | | | | 106,527 | | | | 120,334 | |
Fixed rate floor income, net of settlements on derivatives | | | 32,801 | | | | 31,682 | | | | 31,054 | | | | 64,483 | | | | 66,325 | |
Investment interest | | | 856 | | | | 726 | | | | 1,304 | | | | 1,582 | | | | 2,305 | |
Corporate debt interest expense | | | (2,440 | ) | | | (3,313 | ) | | | (6,125 | ) | | | (5,753 | ) | | | (12,241 | ) |
Provision for loan losses | | | (5,250 | ) | | | (3,750 | ) | | | (6,200 | ) | | | (9,000 | ) | | | (11,200 | ) |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Net interest income after provision for loan losses (net of settlements on derivatives) | | $ | 79,964 | | | | 77,875 | | | | 87,837 | | | | 157,839 | | | | 165,523 | |
Student Loan Servicing Volumes (dollars in millions)
Derivative Market Value and Foreign Currency Adjustments
The following table summarizes the components of “derivative market value and foreign currency adjustments” included in the attached condensed consolidated statements of income.
| | Three months ended | | | Six months ended | |
| | June 30, | | | March 31 | | | June 30, | | | June 30, | | | June 30, | |
| | 2011 | | | 2011 | | | 2010 | | | 2011 | | | 2010 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Change in fair value of derivatives - income (expense) | | $ | 2,207 | | | | 66,450 | | | | (100,632 | ) | | | 68,658 | | | | (168,201 | ) |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Foreign currency transaction adjustment (re-measurement of Euro notes) - income (expense) | | | (19,020 | ) | | | (65,334 | ) | | | 93,401 | | | | (84,355 | ) | | | 165,075 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Derivative market value and foreign currency adjustments - income (expense) | | $ | (16,813 | ) | | | 1,116 | | | | (7,231 | ) | | | (15,697 | ) | | | (3,126 | ) |
Derivative Settlements, net
The following table summarizes the components of “derivate settlements, net” included in the attached condensed consolidated statements of income.
| | Three months ended | | | Six months ended | |
| | June 30, | | | March 31, | | | June 30, | | | June 30, | | | June 30, | |
| | 2011 | | | 2011 | | | 2010 | | | 2011 | | | 2010 | |
Settlements: | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
1:3 basis swaps | | $ | 373 | | | | 208 | | | | 80 | | | | 581 | | | | 221 | |
T-Bill/LIBOR basis swaps | | | (64 | ) | | | (129 | ) | | | — | | | | (194 | ) | | | — | |
Interest rate swaps - floor income hedges | | | (6,345 | ) | | | (6,218 | ) | | | (4,286 | ) | | | (12,563 | ) | | | (8,142 | ) |
Interest rate swaps - hybrid debt hedges | | | (248 | ) | | | (246 | ) | | | (79 | ) | | | (494 | ) | | | (79 | ) |
Cross-currency interest rate swaps | | | 2,770 | | | | 2,109 | | | | 917 | | | | 4,880 | | | | 2,219 | |
Other | | | (8 | ) | | | 124 | | | | (9 | ) | | | 116 | | | | (19 | ) |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Total settlements - expense | | $ | (3,522 | ) | | | (4,152 | ) | | | (3,377 | ) | | | (7,674 | ) | | | (5,800 | ) |
Student Loans Receivable
The tables below outline the components of the Company’s student loan portfolio:
| | As of June 30, 2011 | | | As of December 31, 2010 | |
| | Held for investment | | | Held for investment | | | Held for sale (a) | |
Federally insured loans | | $ | 23,083,157 | | | | 23,757,699 | | | | — | |
Non-federally insured loans | | | 30,655 | | | | 26,370 | | | | 84,987 | |
| | | 23,113,812 | | | | 23,784,069 | | | | 84,987 | |
Unamortized loan discount/premiums and deferred origination costs, net | | | 157,266 | | | | 207,571 | | | | — | |
Allowance for loan losses – federally insured loans | | | (31,968 | ) | | | (32,908 | ) | | | — | |
Allowance for loan losses – non-federally insured loans | | | (10,332 | ) | | | (10,718 | ) | | | — | |
| | $ | 23,228,778 | | | | 23,948,014 | | | | 84,987 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
Allowance for federally insured loans as a percentage of such loans | | | 0.14 | % | | | 0.14 | % | | | | |
Allowance for non-federally insured loans as a percentage of such loans | | | 33.70 | % | | | 10.64 | % | | | | |
| (a) | On January 13, 2011, the Company sold a portfolio of non-federally insured loans for proceeds of $91.3 million (100% of par value). The Company retained credit risk related to this portfolio and will pay cash to purchase back any loans which become 60 days delinquent. As of December 31, 2010, the Company classified this portfolio as held for sale and the loans were carried at fair value. |
Student Loan Spread
The following table analyzes the student loan spread on the Company’s portfolio of student loans and represents the spread on assets earned in conjunction with the liabilities and derivative instruments used to fund the assets.
| | Three months ended | | | Six months ended | |
| | June 30, | | | March 31, | | | June 30, | | | June 30, | | | June 30, | |
| | 2011 | | | 2011 | | | 2010 | | | 2011 | | | 2010 | |
Variable student loan yield, gross | | | 2.57 | % | | | 2.60 | % | | | 2.72 | % | | | 2.58 | % | | | 2.64 | % |
Consolidation rebate fees | | | (0.71 | ) | | | (0.72 | ) | | | (0.67 | ) | | | (0.72 | ) | | | (0.69 | ) |
Premium and deferred origination costs amortization | | | (0.14 | ) | | | (0.17 | ) | | | (0.19 | ) | | | (0.15 | ) | | | (0.23 | ) |
Variable student loan yield, net | | | 1.72 | | | | 1.71 | | | | 1.86 | | | | 1.71 | | | | 1.72 | |
Student loan cost of funds - interest expense | | | (0.83 | ) | | | (0.83 | ) | | | (0.81 | ) | | | (0.83 | ) | | | (0.78 | ) |
Student loan cost of funds - derivative settlements | | | 0.05 | | | | 0.03 | | | | 0.01 | | | | 0.04 | | | | 0.02 | |
Variable student loan spread | | | 0.94 | | | | 0.91 | | | | 1.06 | | | | 0.92 | | | | 0.96 | |
Fixed rate floor income, net of settlements on derivatives | | | 0.57 | | | | 0.55 | | | | 0.48 | | | | 0.56 | | | | 0.53 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Core student loan spread | | | 1.51 | % | | | 1.46 | % | | | 1.54 | % | | | 1.48 | % | | | 1.49 | % |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Average balance of student loans | | $ | 23,298,870 | | | | 23,586,250 | | | | 25,931,220 | | | | 23,440,060 | | | | 25,006,012 | |
Average balance of debt outstanding | | | 23,510,072 | | | | 23,853,620 | | | | 26,124,574 | | | | 23,680,897 | | | | 25,166,222 | |
Fixed Rate Floor Income
The following table shows the Company’s student loan assets that are earning fixed rate floor income as of June 30, 2011:
| | | | | | Balance of assets earning fixed-rate floor income as of June 30, 2011 |
| | | | | | |
<3.0% | | 2.87% | | 0.23% | $ | 1,528,366 |
3.0 - 3.49% | | 3.21% | | 0.57% | | 1,738,261 |
3.5 - 3.99% | | 3.65% | | 1.01% | | 1,775,005 |
4.0 - 4.49% | | 4.20% | | 1.56% | | 1,391,225 |
4.5 - 4.99% | | 4.72% | | 2.08% | | 772,220 |
5.0 - 5.49% | | 5.25% | | 2.61% | | 520,151 |
5.5 - 5.99% | | 5.67% | | 3.03% | | 315,462 |
6.0 - 6.49% | | 6.19% | | 3.55% | | 367,773 |
6.5 - 6.99% | | 6.70% | | 4.06% | | 327,867 |
7.0 - 7.49% | | 7.17% | | 4.53% | | 115,458 |
7.5 - 7.99% | | 7.71% | | 5.07% | | 202,937 |
8.0 - 8.99% | | 8.17% | | 5.53% | | 454,322 |
> 9.0% | | 9.04% | | 6.40% | | 259,645 |
| | | | | $ | 9,768,692 |
| | | | | | |
(a) The estimated variable conversion rate is the estimated short-term interest rate at which loans would convert to variable rate. As of June 30, 2011, the short-term interest rate was 19 basis points. |
The following table summarizes the outstanding derivatives instruments as of June 30, 2011 used by the Company to hedge fixed-rate student loan assets.
Maturity | | | | | |
| | | | | | |
2011 | | $ | 3,300,000 | | | | 0.55 | % |
2012 | | | 950,000 | | | | 1.08 | |
2013 | | | 2,150,000 | | | | 0.85 | |
2015 | | | 100,000 | | | | 2.26 | |
2020 | | | 50,000 | | | | 3.23 | |
| | $ | 6,550,000 | | | | 0.77 | % |
| | | | | | | | |
(a) For all interest rate derivatives, the Company receives discrete three-month LIBOR. |
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