Allowance For Credit Losses | NOTE 6 – Allowance for Credit Losses For 2019 and prior, we maintained an allowance for credit losses at an amount sufficient to absorb losses inherent in our existing lease and loan portfolios as of the reporting dates based on our estimate of probable incurred net credit losses in accordance with the Contingencies Topic of the FASB ASC . Effective January 1, 2020, we adopted ASU 2016-13, Financial Instruments - Credit Losses (Topic 326): Measurement of Credit Losses on Financial Instruments (“CECL”) , which changed our accounting policy and estimated allowance. CECL replaces the probable, incurred loss model with a measuremen t of expected credit losses for the contractual term of the Company’s current portfolio of loans and leases. After the adoption of CECL, an allowance, or estimate of credit losses, will be recognized immediately upon the origination of a loan or lease, an d will be adjusted in each subsequent reporting period. See further discussion of the adoption of this accounting standard and a summary of the Company’s revised Accounting Policy for Allowance for Credit L osses in Note 2, Summary of Significant Accountin g Policies. Detailed discussion of our measurement of allowance under CECL as of the adoption date and March 31, 2020 is below. The following tables summarize activity in the allowance for credit losses Three Months Ended March 31, 2020 Commercial Leases and Loans (Dollars in thousands) Equipment Finance Working Capital Loans CVG CRA Total Allowance for credit losses, December 31, 2019 $ 18,334 $ 1,899 $ 1,462 $ — $ 21,695 Adoption of ASU 2016-13 (CECL) (1) 9,264 (3) 2,647 — 11,908 Allowance for credit losses, January 1, 2020 $ 27,598 $ 1,896 $ 4,109 $ — $ 33,603 Charge-offs (6,490) (1,279) (729) — (8,498) Recoveries 525 38 89 — 652 Net chargeoffs (5,965) (1,241) (640) — (7,846) Realized cashflows from Residual Income 1,153 - - — 1,153 Provision for credit losses 14,988 6,545 3,617 — 25,150 Allowance for credit losses, end of period $ 37,774 $ 7,200 $ 7,086 $ — $ 52,060 Net investment in leases and loans, before allowance $ 877,199 $ 59,012 $ 84,515 $ 1,410 $ 1,022,136 Three Months Ended March 31, 2019 Commercial Leases and Loans (Dollars in thousands) Equipment Finance Working Capital Loans CVG CRA Total Allowance for credit losses, beginning of period $ 13,531 $ 1,467 $ 1,102 $ — $ 16,100 Charge-offs (4,333) (673) (328) — (5,334) Recoveries 734 19 — — 753 Net charge-offs (3,599) (654) (328) — (4,581) Provision for credit losses 4,043 871 449 — 5,363 Allowance for credit losses, end of period $ 13,975 $ 1,684 $ 1,223 $ — $ 16,882 Net investment in leases and loans, before allowance $ 915,556 $ 43,210 $ 79,830 $ 1,476 $ 1,040,072 __________________ (1) The Company adopted ASU 2016-13, Financial Instruments - Credit Losses (Topic 326): Measurement of Credit Losses on Financial Instruments , which changed our accounting policy and estimated allowance, effective January 1, 2020. See further discussion in Note 2, Summary of Significant Accounting Policies, and below. Estimate of Current Expected Credit Losses (CECL) Starting with the January 1, 2020 adoption of CECL, the Company recognizes an allowance, or estimate of credit losses, immediately upon the origination of a loan or lease, and that estimate will be reassessed in each subsequent reporting period. This esti mate of credit losses takes into consideration all cashflows the Company expects to receive or derive from the pools of contracts, including recoveries after charge-off, amounts related to initial direct cost and origination costs net of fees deferred, accrued interest receivable and certain future cashflows from residual assets. As part of its estimate of expected credit losses, specific to each measurement date, management considers relevant qualitative and quantitative factors to assess whether the his torical loss experience being referenced should be adjusted to better reflect the risk characteristics of the current portfolio and the expected future loss experience for the life of these contracts. This assessment incorporates all available information relevant to considering the collectability of its current portfolio, including considering economic and business conditions, default trends, changes in its portfolio composition, changes in its lending policies and practices, among other internal and exte rnal factors. Current Measurement The Company selected a vintage loss model as the approach to estimate and measure its expected credit losses for all portfolio segments and for all pools, primarily because the timing of the losses realized has been cons istent across historical vintages, such that the company is able to develop a predictable and reliable loss curve for each separate portfolio segment. The vintage model assigns loans to vintages by origination date, measures our historical average actual loss and recovery experience within that vintage, develops a loss curve based on the averages of all vintages, and predicts (or forecasts) the remaining expected net losses of the current portfolio by applying the expected net loss rates to the remaining l ife of each open vintage. Additional detail specific to the measurement of each portfolio segment under CECL as of January 1, 2020 and March 31, 2020 is summarized below . Equipment Finance: Equipment Finance consists of Equipment Finance Agreements, Ins tallment Purchase Agreements and other leases and loans. The risk characteristics referenced to develop pools of Equipment F inance leases and loans are based on internally developed credit score ratings, which is a measurement that combines many risk char acteristics, including loan size, external credit scores, existence of a guarantee, and various characteristics of the borrower’s business. In addition, the Company separately measured a pool of true leases so that any future cashflows from residuals coul d be used to partially offset the allowance for that pool. The Company’s measurement of Equipment F inance pools is based on its own historical loss experience. The Company analyzed the correlation of its own loss data from 2004 to 2019 against various economic variables in order to determine an approach for reasonable and supportable forecast. The Company then selected certain economic variables to reference for its forecast about the future , specifically the unemployment rate and growth in business b ankruptcy. The Company’s methodology reverts from the forecast data to its own loss data adjusted for the long-term average of the referenced economic variables, on a straight-line basis. At each reporting date, the Company considers current conditions, i ncluding changes in portfolio composition or the business environment, when determining the appropriate measurement of current expected credit losses for the remaining life of its portfolio. As of the January 1, 2020 adoption date, the Company utilized a 12 - month forecast period and 12 - month straight-line reversion period, based on its initial assessment of the appropriate timing. However, for its March 31, 2020 measurement , the Company adjusted its model to reference a 6 - month forecast period and 12 - month straight line reversion period. The change in the length of the reasonable and supportable forecast was based on observed market volatility in late March and uncertainty o f the duration and level of impact of the COVID-19 virus on the macroeconomic environment and the Company’s portfolio, including uncertainty about the forecasted impact of COVID-19 that w as underlying its economic forecasted variables beyond a 6-month period. The forecast adjustment to the Equipment Finance portfolio segment resulted in a $ 10.8 million increase to the provision for the three months ended March 31, 2020. The Company qualitatively assessed the output of the Equipment Finance calculated allo wance after adjusting the forecast period, and determined the resulting credit loss estimate to properly reflect its estimate of expected net cashflows of this portfolio segment over the remaining contract term . Working Capital: The risk characteristi cs referenced to develop pools of Working Capital loans is based on origination channel, separately considering an estimation of loss for direct-sourced loans versus loans that were sourced from a broker. The Company’s historical relationship with its dire ct-sourced customers typically results in a lower level of credit risk than loans sourced from brokers where the Company has no prior credit relationship with the customer. The Company’s measurement of Working Capital pools is based on its own historic al loss experience. The Company’s Working Capital loans typically range from 6 – 12 months of duration. For this portfolio segment, due to the short contract duration, the Company did not define a standard methodology to adjust its loss estimate based on a forecast of economic condition s . However, the Company will continually assess through a qualitative adjustment whether there are changes in conditions and the environment that will impact the performance of these loans that should be considered for qual itative adjustment. At each reporting date, the Company considers current conditions, including changes in portfolio composition or the business environment, when determining the appropriate measurement of current expected credit losses for the remaining l ife of its portfolio. As of the January 1, 2020 adoption date, there w as no qualitative adjustment to the Working Capital portfolio. However, for the March 31, 2020 measurement, driven by the elevated risk of credit loss driven by market conditions due t o COVID-19, the Company developed alternate scenarios for credit loss based on an analysis of the characteristics of its portfolio , considering different timing and magnitudes of potential exposures . The Company determined its most likely expectation for credit losses for the Working Capital segment for the remaining nine months of 2020 , based on the increased risk to its borrowers and increased risk to the collectability of its portfolio from COVID-19, and increased the reserve by a $ 5.5 million qualitative adjustment for that loss estimate. Commercial Vehicle Group (CVG): Transportation-related equipment leases and loans are analyzed as a single pool, as the Company did not consider any risk characteristics to be significant enough to warrant disaggregating this population. The Company’s measurement of CVG pools is based on a combination of its own historical loss experience and industry loss data from an external source. The Company has limited history of this product, and therefore the Company determined it was appropriate to develop an estimate based on a combination of data. Due to the Company’s limited history of performance of this segment, and the limited size of the portfolio, the Company did not develop a standard methodology to adjust its loss estimate based on a forecast of economic conditions. However, the Company will continually assess through a qualitative adjustment whether there are changes in conditions and the environment that will impact the performance of these loans that should be considered for qualitat ive adjustment. At each reporting date, the Company considers current conditions, including changes in portfolio composition or the business environment, when determining the appropriate measurement of for the remaining life of the current portfolio. As o f the January 1, 2020 adoption date, there were no qualitative adjustment to the CVG portfolio. However, for the March 31, 2020 measurement, driven by the elevated risk of credit loss driven by market conditions due to COVID-19, the Company developed alte rnate scenarios for expected credit loss for this segmen t , considering different timing and magnitudes of potential exposures . The Company determined its most likely expectation for credit losses for the CVG segment for the remaining nine months of 2020 based on the increased risk to its borrowers and increased risk to the collectability of its portfolio from COVID-19, and increased the reserve by a $ 2.9 million qualitative adjustment for that loss estim a te. Community Reinvestment Act (CRA): CRA loans ar e comprised of loans originated under a line of credit to satisfy the Company’s obligations under the Community Reinvestment Act of 1977. The Company does not measure an allowance specific to this portfolio segment because the exposure to credit loss is n ominal. In response to COVID-19, starting in mid-March 2020, the Company instituted a payment deferral program in order to assist its small-business customers that request relief who are current under their existing obligations and can demonstrate that their ability to repay has been impacted by the COVID-19 crisis . Through March 31, 2020, the Company had processed payment deferral mo difications for 520 contracts , or $ 19.5 million net investment in leases and loans, where the typical mo dification included a 60-day deferral of payments for Working Capital loans and 90-day deferral of payments for other customers , with such payments added to the end of the contract term. The modifications for each portfolio segment were $ 8.5 million of Eq uipment Finance, $ 7.0 million of Working Capital, and $ 4.0 million of CVG net investment in leases and loans. The Company did not adjust its estimate of credit losses for any portfolio segment based on whether or not contracts were modified; the Company’s allowance estimate assesses the risk of credit loss for modified loans to be equal to loans that were not modified as of March 31, 2020 . Subsequent to quarter-end, through April 24, 2020, the Company has approved the payment deferral modification applicat ion for contracts representing an additional $ 134.5 million net investment in leases and loans. A portion of these modifications are subject to the completion of final processing and documentation . Troubled debt restructurings are restructurings of leases and loans in which, due to the borrower's financial difficulties, a lender grants a concession that it would not otherwise consider for borrowers of similar credit quality. In accordance with the interagency guidance issued in March 2020, that the Financial Accounting Standards Board concurred with, loans modified under the Company’s payment deferral program are not considered troubled debt restructurings. As of March 31, 2020 and December 31, 201 9, the Company did no t have any troubled debt restructurings. As part of our analysis of expected credit losses, we may analyze contracts on an individual basis, or create additional pools of contracts, in situations where such loans exhibit unique risk ch aracteristics and are no longer expected to experience similar losses to the rest of their pool. As of March 31, 2020 and January 1, 2020, there were no contracts subject to specific analysis outside of the portfolio segments and pools that are outlined a bove. Credit Quality At origination, the Company utilizes an internally developed credit score ratings as part of its underwriting assessment and pricing decisions for new contracts. The internal credit score is a measurement that combines many risk characteristics, including loan size, external credit scores, exis tence of a guarantee, and various characteristics of the borrower’s business . The internal credit score is used to create pools of loans for analysis in the Company’s Equipment Finance portfolio segment, as discussed further above. We believe this segmentation allows our loss modeling to properly reflect changes in portfolio mix driven by sales activity and adjustments to underwriting standards. However, this score is not updated after origination date for analyzing the Company’s provision. On an ongoin g basis, t o monitor the credit quality of its portfolio, t he Company primarily reviews the current delinquency of the portfolio and delinquency migration to monitor risk and default trends . We believe that delinquency is the best factor to use to monitor t he credit quality of our portfolio on an ongoing basis because it reflects the current condition of the portfolio, and is a good predictor of near term charge-offs and can help with identifying trends and emerging risks to the portfolio. The following t ables provide information about delinquent leases and loans in the Company’s portfolio based on the contract’s status as-of the dates presented: Portfolio by Origination Year as of March 31, 2020 Total 2020 2019 2018 2017 2016 Prior Receivables (Dollars in thousands) Equipment Finance 30-59 $ 179 $ 2,952 $ 1,803 $ 1,368 $ 512 $ 167 $ 6,981 60-89 — 1,428 1,304 767 319 73 3,891 90+ — 2,157 1,629 1,046 387 138 5,357 Total Past Due 179 6,537 4,736 3,181 1,218 378 16,229 Current (1) 110,762 372,522 207,521 114,189 44,511 11,465 860,970 Total 110,941 379,059 212,257 117,370 45,729 11,843 877,199 Working Capital 30-59 — 609 — — — — 609 60-89 — 16 — — — — 16 90+ — 23 26 — — — 49 Total Past Due — 648 26 — — — 674 Current (1) 21,388 35,947 965 38 — — 58,338 Total 21,388 36,595 991 38 — — 59,012 CVG 30-59 — 126 178 106 30 — 440 60-89 — 182 84 49 — — 315 90+ — 276 75 211 31 — 593 Total Past Due — 584 337 366 61 — 1,348 Current (1) 8,755 39,679 19,750 11,054 3,833 96 83,167 Total 8,755 40,263 20,087 11,420 3,894 96 84,515 CRA Total Past Due — — — — — — — Current 1,410 — — — — — 1,410 Total 1,410 — — — — — 1,410 Net investment in leases and loans, before allowance $ 142,494 $ 455,917 $ 233,335 $ 128,828 $ 49,623 $ 11,939 $ 1,022,136 Portfolio by Origination Year as of December 31, 2019 Total 2019 2018 2017 2016 2015 Prior Receivables (Dollars in thousands) Equipment Finance 30-59 $ 1,420 $ 1,755 $ 935 $ 454 $ 169 $ 17 $ 4,750 60-89 1,023 1,055 685 366 80 4 3,213 90+ 947 1,522 1,090 527 163 7 4,256 Total Past Due 3,390 4,332 2,710 1,347 412 28 12,219 Current 424,559 236,068 135,419 55,119 16,461 1,407 869,033 Total 427,949 240,400 138,129 56,466 16,873 1,435 881,252 Working Capital 30-59 566 18 — — — — 584 60-89 16 52 — — — — 68 90+ 203 — — — — — 203 Total Past Due 785 70 — — — — 855 Current 57,706 2,343 38 — — — 60,087 Total 58,491 2,413 38 — — — 60,942 CVG 30-59 50 126 90 99 — — 365 60-89 5 15 188 46 — — 254 90+ — 178 158 53 — — 389 Total Past Due 55 319 436 198 — — 1,008 Current 42,536 22,531 13,442 4,976 130 — 83,615 Total 42,591 22,850 13,878 5,174 130 — 84,623 CRA Total Past Due — — — — — — — Current 1,398 — — — — — 1,398 Total 1,398 — — — — — 1,398 Net investment in leases and loans, before allowance $ 530,429 $ 265,663 $ 152,045 $ 61,640 $ 17,003 $ 1,435 $ 1,028,215 _________________ (1) Current receivables include leases and loans that are in payment deferral status as part of the Company’s COVID-19 modification program. See further discussion above. Net investments in Equipment Finance and CVG leases and loans are generally charged-off when they are contractually past due for 120 days or more. Income recognition is discontinued when a default on monthly payment exists for a period of 90 d ays or more. Income recognition resumes when a lease or loan becomes less than 90 days delinquent. At March 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019 , there were no finance receivables past due 90 days or more and still accruing. Working Capital Loans are generally place d in non-accrual status when they are 30 days past due and generally charged-off at 60 days past due . The loan is removed from non-accrual status once sufficient payments are made to bring the loan current and reviewed by management. At March 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019 , there were no Working Capital Loans past due 30 days or more and still accruing. The following tables provide information about non-accrual leases and loans : March 31, December 31, (Dollars in thousands) 2020 2019 Equipment Finance $ 5,357 $ 4,256 Working Capital Loans 755 946 CVG 593 389 Total Non-Accrual $ 6,705 $ 5,591 |