First Marblehead (FMD) 10-Q 2014 Q1 Quarterly report

UNITED STATES

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

WASHINGTON, D.C. 20549

FORM 10-Q

(MARK ONE)

x QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the quarterly period ended September 30, 2013

OR

¨ TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the transition period from                    to                    

Commission File Number 001-31825

The First Marblehead Corporation

(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)

Delaware	04-3295311
(State or other jurisdiction of incorporation or organization)	(I.R.S. Employer Identification No.)
The Prudential Tower 800 Boylston Street, 34th Floor Boston, Massachusetts	02199-8157
(Address of principal executive offices)	(Zip Code)

(800) 895-4283

(Registrant’s telephone number, including area code)

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant: (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days.    Yes  x    No  ¨

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically and posted on its corporate Web site, if any, every Interactive Data File required to be submitted and posted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit and post such files).    Yes  x    No  ¨

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, or a smaller reporting company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer” and “smaller reporting company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.

Large accelerated filer	¨	Accelerated filer	x
Non-accelerated filer	¨  (Do not check if a smaller reporting company)	Smaller reporting company	¨

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act).    Yes  ¨    No  x

As of November 5, 2013, the registrant had 112,824,767 shares of common stock, $0.01 par value per share, outstanding.

THE FIRST MARBLEHEAD CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES

Table of Contents

Part I. Financial Information			1
Item 1	—	Financial Statements	1
	—	Consolidated Balance Sheets as of September 30, 2013 and June 30, 2013	1
	—	Consolidated Statements of Operations for the three months ended September 30, 2013 and 2012	2
	—	Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Loss for the three months ended September 30, 2013 and 2012	3
	—	Consolidated Statements of Changes in Stockholders’ Equity for the three months ended September 30, 2013 and 2012	4
	—	Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows for the three months ended September 30, 2013 and 2012	5
	—	Notes to Unaudited Consolidated Financial Statements	6
Item 2	—	Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations	21
Item 3	—	Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk	37
Item 4	—	Controls and Procedures	37
Part II. Other Information			39
Item 1	—	Legal Proceedings	39
Item 1A	—	Risk Factors	41
Item 2	—	Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds	58
Item 6	—	Exhibits	58
SIGNATURES			59
EXHIBIT INDEX			60

Part I. Financial Information

Item 1. Financial Statements

THE FIRST MARBLEHEAD CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES

CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS

(unaudited)

(dollars and shares in thousands, except per share amounts)

	September 30, 2013			June 30, 2013
ASSETS
Cash and cash equivalents	$	67,669		$	81,910
Short-term investments, at cost		50,204			55,179
Restricted cash		114,113			87,338
Investments available-for-sale, at fair value		80,311			84,782
Education loans held-to-maturity, net of allowance of $1,699 and $1,659		70,436			62,996
Mortgage loans held-to-maturity, net of allowance of $480 and $440		14,239			12,629
Deposits for participation interest accounts, at fair value		18,784			13,147
Service revenue receivables, at fair value		13,913			14,817
Goodwill		20,066			20,066
Intangible assets, net		23,578			24,193
Property and equipment, net		6,154			6,176
Other assets		12,078			9,060
Total assets	$	491,545		$	472,293
LIABILITIES AND STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY
Liabilities:
Deposits	$	165,488		$	163,977
Restricted funds due to clients		113,978			86,994
Accounts payable, accrued expenses and other liabilities		15,586			14,884
Income taxes payable		26,136			25,922
Net deferred income tax liability		1,286			1,189
Total liabilities		322,474			292,966
Commitments and contingencies:
Stockholders’ equity:
Common stock, par value $0.01 per share; 250,000 shares authorized; 122,375 and 120,513 shares issued; 112,825 and 111,547 shares outstanding		1,223			1,204
Additional paid-in capital		458,812			456,843
Accumulated deficit		(102,378	)		(90,824	)
Treasury stock, 9,550 and 8,966 shares held, at cost		(187,827	)		(187,154	)
Accumulated other comprehensive loss		(759	)		(742	)
Total stockholders’ equity		169,071			179,327
Total liabilities and stockholders’ equity	$	491,545		$	472,293

See accompanying notes to unaudited consolidated financial statements.

1

THE FIRST MARBLEHEAD CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS

(unaudited)

(dollars and shares in thousands, except per share amounts)

	Three months ended September 30,
	2013			2012
Revenues:
Net interest income:
Interest income	$	1,649		$	1,193
Interest expense		(387	)		(273	)
Net interest income		1,262			920
(Provision) credit for loan losses		(174	)		74
Net interest income after (provision) credit for loan losses		1,088			994
Non-interest revenues:
Tuition payment processing fees		7,948			7,424
Administrative and other fees		4,396			3,415
Fair value changes to service revenue receivables		445			838
Total non-interest revenues		12,789			11,677
Total revenues		13,877			12,671
Non-interest expenses:
Compensation and benefits		10,441			8,813
General and administrative		14,679			17,395
Total non-interest expenses		25,120			26,208
Loss from operations		(11,243	)		(13,537	)
Income tax expense		311			395
Net loss	$	(11,554	)	$	(13,932	)
Net loss per basic and diluted common share	$	(0.10	)	$	(0.14	)
Basic and diluted weighted-average common shares outstanding		112,142			102,061

See accompanying notes to unaudited consolidated financial statements.

2

THE FIRST MARBLEHEAD CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF COMPREHENSIVE LOSS

(unaudited)

(dollars in thousands)

	Three months ended September 30,
	2013			2012
Net loss	$	(11,554	)	$	(13,932	)
Other comprehensive (loss) income, net of tax:
Unrealized (loss) gain on investments available-for-sale arising during the period		(17	)		499
Total comprehensive loss	$	(11,571	)	$	(13,433	)

See accompanying notes to unaudited consolidated financial statements.

3

THE FIRST MARBLEHEAD CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CHANGES IN STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY

(unaudited)

(dollars and shares in thousands)

	Non-voting convertible preferred stock issued				Common stock										Additional paid-in capital			Accumulated deficit			Accumulated other comprehensive (loss) income, net of tax			Total stockholders’ equity
					Issued				In treasury
	Shares		Amount		Shares		Amount		Shares			Amount
Balance at June 30, 2012		133	$	1		110,658	$	1,106		(8,656	)	$	(186,828	)	$	452,726		$	(40,627	)	$	610		$	226,988
Comprehensive loss:
Net loss		—		—		—		—		—			—			—			(13,932	)		—			(13,932	)
Other comprehensive income		—		—		—		—		—			—			—			—			499			499
Total comprehensive loss		—		—		—		—		—			—			—			(13,932	)		499			(13,433	)
Net stock issuance from vesting of stock units		—		—		264		3		(60	)		(69	)		(3	)		—			—			(69	)
Stock-based compensation		—		—		—		—		—			—			1,068			—			—			1,068
Balance at September 30, 2012		133	$	1		110,922	$	1,109		(8,716	)	$	(186,897	)	$	453,791		$	(54,559	)	$	1,109		$	214,554
Balance at June 30, 2013		—	$	—		120,513	$	1,204		(8,966	)	$	(187,154	)	$	456,843		$	(90,824	)	$	(742	)	$	179,327
Comprehensive loss:
Net loss		—		—		—		—		—			—			—			(11,554	)		—			(11,554	)
Other comprehensive loss		—		—		—		—		—			—			—			—			(17	)		(17	)
Total comprehensive loss		—		—		—		—		—			—			—			(11,554	)		(17	)		(11,571	)
Net stock issuance from vesting of stock units		—		—		1,862		19		(584	)		(673	)		(19	)		—			—			(673	)
Stock-based compensation		—		—		—		—		—			—			1,988			—			—			1,988
Balance at September 30, 2013		—	$	—		122,375	$	1,223		(9,550	)	$	(187,827	)	$	458,812		$	(102,378	)	$	(759	)	$	169,071

See accompanying notes to unaudited consolidated financial statements.

4

THE FIRST MARBLEHEAD CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS

(unaudited)

(dollars in thousands)

	Three months ended September 30,
	2013			2012
Cash flows from operating activities:
Net loss	$	(11,554	)	$	(13,932	)
Adjustments to reconcile net loss to net cash used in operating activities:
Depreciation and amortization		1,308			1,006
Provision (credit) for loan losses		174			(74	)
Deferred income tax expense		97			115
Stock-based compensation		1,988			1,068
Service revenue receivable cash distributions		1,349			1,112
Changes in assets/liabilities:
Participation interest accounts		(5,637	)		(4,940	)
Fair value increase to service revenue receivables		(445	)		(838	)
Other assets		(3,018	)		(2,472	)
Accounts payable, accrued expenses and other liabilities		705			(1,640	)
Income taxes payable		214			675
Net cash used in operating activities		(14,819	)		(19,920	)
Cash flows from investing activities:
Proceeds from maturities of short-term investments		4,975			24,978
Net increase in restricted cash		(26,775	)		(18,126	)
Net increase in restricted funds due to clients		26,984			18,732
Purchases of investments available-for-sale		—			(8,097	)
Principal repayments from investments available-for-sale		4,454			3,064
Net increase in education loans held-to-maturity		(7,574	)		(12,148	)
Net increase in mortgage loans held-to-maturity		(1,650	)		(1,409	)
Purchases of property and equipment		(671	)		(860	)
Net cash (used in) provided by investing activities		(257	)		6,134
Cash flows from financing activities:
Net increase in deposits		1,511			17,192
Payments on capital lease obligations		(3	)		—
Repurchases of common stock		(673	)		(69	)
Net cash provided by financing activities		835			17,123
Net (decrease) increase in cash and cash equivalents		(14,241	)		3,337
Cash and cash equivalents, beginning of period		81,910			123,497
Cash and cash equivalents, end of period	$	67,669		$	126,834
Supplemental disclosures of cash flow information:
Interest paid	$	377		$	229
Income taxes paid		—			61
Supplemental disclosure of non-cash investing and financing activities:
Interest receivable capitalized to loan principal	$	42		$	15

See accompanying notes to unaudited consolidated financial statements.

5

THE FIRST MARBLEHEAD CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES

NOTES TO UNAUDITED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

(1) General Information

Overview

Unless otherwise indicated, or unless the context of the discussion requires otherwise, we use the terms “we,” “us,” “our” and similar references to refer to The First Marblehead Corporation and its subsidiaries, on a consolidated basis. We use the terms “First Marblehead” or “FMD” to refer to The First Marblehead Corporation on a stand-alone basis. We use the term “education loan” to refer to private education loans that are not guaranteed by the federal government. Our fiscal year ends on June 30, and we identify our fiscal years by the calendar years in which they end. For example, we refer to the fiscal year ending June 30, 2014 as “fiscal 2014.” References to our “Annual Report” mean our annual report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended June 30, 2013 filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) on September 13, 2013.

We are a specialty finance company focused on the education financing marketplace in the United States. We provide loan programs on behalf of our lender clients for K-12, undergraduate and graduate students and for college graduates seeking to refinance private education loan obligations. We offer a fully integrated suite of services through our Monogram^® loan product service platform (Monogram platform), as well as certain services on a stand-alone, fee-for-service basis. We partner with lenders to design and administer education loan programs through our Monogram platform, which are typically school-certified. They are designed to be marketed through educational institutions or to prospective borrowers and their families directly and to generate portfolios intended to be held by the originating lender or financed in the capital markets. We also offer a number of other services on a stand-alone, fee-for-service basis. These services include tuition planning, tuition billing, refund management and payment technology services offered through our subsidiary Tuition Management Systems LLC (TMS), traditional retail banking products offered through our bank subsidiary Union Federal Savings Bank (Union Federal^®), as well as loan origination, portfolio management and securitization services. In addition, through FMD’s subsidiary Cology LLC, we provide loan processing and disbursement services to various credit union and other lender clients. The education loans we originate on behalf of our partnered lending clients, excluding Union Federal, as well as the education loans we process on behalf of Cology LLC clients are not included on our consolidated balance sheets but, rather, are included on the balance sheets of our partnered lending and Cology LLC clients. As such, none of the references in this quarterly report to education loans included in our consolidated balance sheets include the education loans originated by our partnered lending clients or by Cology LLC on behalf of its clients.

Basis of Financial Reporting

The accompanying unaudited consolidated financial statements as of and for the three months ended September 30, 2013 have been prepared in accordance with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles (GAAP) for interim financial information. Accordingly, they do not include all of the information and footnotes required by GAAP for complete consolidated financial statements. In the opinion of management, the unaudited consolidated financial statements reflect all adjustments, consisting of normal recurring adjustments, necessary for a fair presentation of the results of operations for the interim periods presented. Operating results for the interim periods presented are not necessarily indicative of the results for fiscal 2014. The accompanying unaudited consolidated financial statements should be read in conjunction with our Annual Report.

Recently Issued Accounting Pronouncements

Accounting Standards Update (ASU) 2013-02, Comprehensive Income (Topic 220): Reporting of Amounts Reclassified Out of Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income(ASU 2013-02), is effective prospectively for annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2012 and interim periods within those years. ASU 2013-02 requires an entity to report the effect of significant reclassifications out of accumulated other comprehensive income on the respective line items in net income or as a separate disclosure in the notes to the financial statements. As ASU 2013-02 only addresses disclosure requirements and we had no reclassifications out of accumulated other comprehensive income during the period, our adoption of ASU 2013-02 in July 2013 did not have an impact on our consolidated financial statements.

ASU 2013-11,Income Taxes (Topic 740): Presentation of an Unrecognized Tax Benefit When a Net Operating Loss Carryforward, a Similar Tax Loss, or a Tax Credit Carryforward Exists (ASU 2013-11), is effective prospectively for fiscal years, and interim periods within those years, beginning after December 15, 2013. ASU 2013-11 requires an entity to present an unrecognized tax benefit as a reduction of a deferred tax asset for a net operating loss (NOL) carryforward, or similar tax loss or tax credit carryforward, rather than as a liability when (1) the uncertain tax position would reduce the NOL or other carryforward under the tax law of the applicable jurisdiction and (2) the entity intends to use the deferred tax asset for that purpose. We do not expect the adoption of ASU 2013-11 to have a material impact on our consolidated financial statements.

We do not expect any other recently issued, but not yet effective, accounting pronouncements to have a material impact on our consolidated financial statements.

6

Summary of Significant Accounting Policies

There have been no changes to our significant accounting policies since we filed our Annual Report with the SEC on September 13, 2013. See Note 2, “Summary of Significant Accounting Policies,” in the notes to our consolidated financial statements included in Item 8 of Part II of our Annual Report for the full disclosure of our significant accounting policies.

(2) Asset Acquisition of Cology, Inc.

During the second quarter of fiscal 2013, FMD’s subsidiary Cology LLC completed its acquisition of a substantial portion of the operating assets of Cology Inc. and its affiliates, which we refer to as the Cology Sellers, for $4.7 million in cash and the assumption of certain liabilities. Cology LLC provides education loan processing and disbursement services to approximately 270 credit union and other lender clients in the United States as well as offering life-of-loan servicing. Cology LLC earns fees based primarily on the number of loan applications, loan certifications and disbursements it processes on behalf of its clients. Cology LLC does not originate education loans for its own account.

In connection with the transaction, we entered into special retention agreements with certain Cology LLC employees that provide for a bonus payment to those employees who are employed by Cology LLC on the one-year anniversary of the acquisition date, subject to the attainment of certain reductions in operating expenses by Cology LLC. We have not accrued any amounts under the special retention agreements as of September 30, 2013. We also established a performance incentive plan that provides for payment of bonuses to eligible employees based on Cology LLC’s achievement of certain profitability targets for the periods ending June 30, 2013, 2014 and 2015. We have not accrued any amounts under the performance incentive plan as of September 30, 2013.

(3) Cash and Cash Equivalents

The following table summarizes our cash and cash equivalents:

	September 30, 2013		June 30, 2013
	(dollars in thousands)
Cash equivalents (money market funds)	$	35,250	$	33,032
Interest-bearing deposits with the Federal Reserve		24,338		24,906
Interest-bearing deposits with banks		6,072		22,438
Non-interest-bearing deposits with banks		1,809		1,334
Federal funds sold		200		200
Total cash and cash equivalents	$	67,669	$	81,910

Cash and cash equivalents of Union Federal of $24.9 million and $27.0 million at September 30, 2013 and June 30, 2013, respectively, were not available for dividends without prior approval from the Office of the Comptroller of the Currency (OCC), Union Federal’s regulator.

(4) Short-term Investments

Short-term investments of $50.2 million at September 30, 2013 and $55.2 million at June 30, 2013 included certificates of deposit with highly-rated financial institutions, carried at cost. These certificates of deposit had a range of maturities from 0.5 months to 4.6 months.

(5) Investments Available-for-Sale

We categorize investments available-for-sale by major security type. Government-sponsored enterprises (GSE) are comprised of debt securities issued by the Federal Home Loan Bank, the Federal Home Loan Mortgage Corporation and the Federal National Mortgage Association.

The following table provides a summary of investments available-for-sale by major security type:

	Amortized cost		Unrealized gains		Unrealized losses			Fair value
	(dollars in thousands)
At September 30, 2013:
GSE mortgage-backed securities	$	68,459	$	322	$	(999	)	$	67,782
Mortgage-backed securities issued by U.S. government agencies		12,611		99		(181	)		12,529
Total	$	81,070	$	421	$	(1,180	)	$	80,311
At June 30, 2013:
GSE mortgage-backed securities	$	71,970	$	294	$	(1,020	)	$	71,244
Mortgage-backed securities issued by U.S. government agencies		13,554		153		(169	)		13,538
Total	$	85,524	$	447	$	(1,189	)	$	84,782

7

At September 30, 2013 and June 30, 2013, 11 and 10 investment securities, respectively, totaling $50.4 million and $53.1 million, had unrealized losses of $1.2 million and $1.2 million, respectively, and had been in an unrealized loss position for less than one year. Management evaluates impairments in values, whether caused by adverse interest rates or credit movements, to determine if they are other-than-temporary. Additionally, management evaluates whether it intends to sell or will be required to sell the debt securities before the anticipated recovery of their remaining amortized cost. Management concluded the unrealized losses at September 30, 2013 and June 30, 2013 were temporary in nature.

The amortized cost basis of securities available-for-sale by maturity as of September 30, 2013 is presented below. Mortgage-backed securities were classified below based on the security’s weighted-average maturity, adjusted for anticipated prepayments. Contractual maturities on the mortgage-backed securities range from eight to 29 years.

	September 30, 2013
	Due in one year or less			Due after one year but within five years			Due after five years but within ten years			Total
	(dollars in thousands)
Securities available-for-sale:
GSE mortgage-backed securities:
Amortized cost	$	39		$	45,044		$	23,376		$	68,459
Weighted average yield		0.59	%		1.99	%		1.79	%		1.92	%
Mortgage-backed securities issued by U.S. government agencies:
Amortized cost	$	—		$	12,611		$	—		$	12,611
Weighted average yield		—	%		2.42	%		—	%		2.42	%
Total debt securities:
Amortized cost	$	39		$	57,655		$	23,376		$	81,070
Weighted average yield		0.59	%		2.08	%		1.79	%		2.00	%
Fair value	$	39		$	56,989		$	23,283		$	80,311

At September 30, 2013, the expected weighted average remaining life of the mortgage-backed security portfolio, calculated using prepayment speed assumptions, was 4.3 years.

(6) Education Loans Held-to-Maturity

(a) Gross Education Loans Outstanding

At September 30, 2013 and June 30, 2013, education loans outstanding primarily consisted of education loans held by Union Federal, totaling $71.1 million and $63.6 million, respectively. Other education loans consisted of loans totaling $1.0 million at both September 30, 2013 and June 30, 2013, which were transferred by Union Federal to an indirect subsidiary of FMD in 2009, prior to the launch of our Monogram platform. These loans were fully reserved for at September 30, 2013 and June 30, 2013.

The following table summarizes the composition of the net carrying value of our education loans held-to-maturity as of the dates indicated:

	September 30, 2013			June 30, 2013
	(dollars in thousands)
Gross loan principal outstanding	$	72,135		$	64,655
Allowance for loan losses		(1,699	)		(1,659	)
Education loans held-to-maturity, net of allowance	$	70,436		$	62,996

8

(b) Education Loan Allowance for Loan Losses and the Related Provision for Loan Losses

We recorded the following activity in the allowance for loan losses for education loans:

	Three months ended September 30,
	2013			2012
	(dollars in thousands)
Balance, beginning of period	$	1,659		$	1,309
Provision (credit) for loan losses		134			(131	)
Reserves reclassified from interest receivable for capitalized interest		7			15
Charge-offs		(117	)		(18	)
Recoveries from borrowers		16			185
Balance, end of period	$	1,699		$	1,360

To estimate the allowance for loan losses on our newly originated Monogram-based loan portfolio, we utilized specific default and recovery rates projected for the Monogram-based loan portfolio over the 12-month loss confirmation period. Our default experience with this loan portfolio is limited by the seasoning of the portfolio; however, we have utilized our historical database and experience in projecting the level of defaults and recoveries of the Monogram-based loan portfolio relying in part on historical results from our securitization trusts that we previously facilitated for loans that have similar credit characteristics to those in our Monogram-based loan portfolio.

At September 30, 2013 and June 30, 2013, there was $136 thousand and $189 thousand, respectively, of education loans that were in non-accrual status and no education loans that had specific reserves. These loans included $56 thousand and $42 thousand, at September 30, 2013 and June 30, 2013, respectively, of loans that were transferred by Union Federal to an indirect subsidiary of FMD in 2009, prior to the launch of our Monogram platform. For loans greater than 180 days past due, but not yet charged-off, our policy is to evaluate the loans under Accounting Standards Codification (ASC) 310,Receivables, for a specific reserve. At September 30, 2013, there were $17 thousand of education loans that were greater than 180 days past due, which were all Monogram-based education loans issued through Union Federal. These loans were charged-off in October 2013.

Overall Education Loan Credit Quality

Management monitors the credit quality of an education loan based on loan status, as outlined below. The impact of changes in loan status, such as delinquency and time in repayment, is incorporated into the quarterly allowance for loan loss calculation through our projection of defaults. The following table represents our loan origination metrics with respect to our Monogram-based portfolios held at Union Federal at September 30, 2013 and June 30, 2013:

	September 30, 2013			June 30, 2013
Weighted-average FICO score		753			752
Co-signers		83	%		83	%
Delinquent loans		0.78	%		0.45	%

The weighted-average FICO score is based on the maximum score of the borrower or co-signer at origination.

The following table provides additional information on the status of education loans outstanding:

	September 30, 2013		As a percentage of total			June 30, 2013		As a percentage of total
	(dollars in thousands)
Principal of loans outstanding:
In basic forbearance	$	660		0.9	%	$	439		0.7	%
In school and in deferment		26,181		36.3			22,948		35.5
In repayment, including alternative payment plans, classified as:
Current:£30 days past due		44,483		61.7			40,724		63.0
Delinquent: >30 days past due, but£120 days past due		675		0.9			355		0.5
Delinquent: >120 days past due, but£180 days past due		119		0.2			79		0.1
In default: >180 days past due, but not yet charged-off		17		—			110		0.2
Total gross loan principal outstanding	$	72,135		100.0	%	$	64,655		100.0	%
Non-accrual loan principal (>120 days past due)	$	136		0.2	%	$	189		0.3	%
Past due loan principal (>90 days, but£120 days past due still accruing interest)		98		0.1			121		0.2
In alternative payment plans		894		1.2			784		1.2

9

We use the following terms to describe borrowers’ payment status:

In School and In Deferment Pursuant to the terms of the education loans, a borrower may choose to defer principal and interest payments while carrying a specified academic course load and may be eligible to defer payments for an additional six months after graduation during a grace period. At the end of the deferment period, any remaining accrued but unpaid interest is capitalized and added to principal outstanding.

In Repayment We determine the repayment status of a borrower, including a borrower making payments pursuant to alternative payment plans, by contractual due dates. A borrower making reduced payments for a limited period of time pursuant to an alternative payment plan will be considered current if such reduced payments are timely made. Under our Monogram platform, borrowers may be in repayment while in school. Payment options while in school include full principal and interest, partial interest and interest only.

Forbearance Pursuant to the terms of the education loans, a borrower may apply for forbearance, which is a temporary reprieve from making full contractual payments. Forbearance can take many forms, at the option of the creditor. The most common forms of forbearance include the following:

• Basic forbearance—Cessation of all contractual payments for a maximum allowable forbearance period of one year, granted in three-month increments.

• Alternative payment plans—Pursuant to an alternative payment plan, a borrower can make a reduced payment for a limited period of time. The amount of the payment varies depending on the program and may be set at a fixed dollar amount, a percentage of contractual required payments or interest-only payments. Generally, approval for alternative payment plans is granted for a maximum of six to 24 months, depending on the program.

The use of the forbearance program is contemplated at the origination of an education loan and, as noted in the credit agreement with the borrower, is granted at the lender’s discretion. Under both basic forbearance and alternative payment plans, the education loan continues to accrue interest. When forbearance ceases, unpaid interest is capitalized and added to principal outstanding, and the borrower’s required payments are recalculated at a higher amount to pay off the loan, plus the additional accrued and capitalized interest, at the original stated interest rate by the original maturity date. There is no forgiveness of principal or interest, reduction in the interest rate or extension of the maturity date.

Forbearance programs result in a delay in the timing of payments received from borrowers; however, assuming the collection of the forborne amounts, provide for an increase in the gross volume of cash receipts over the term of the education loan due to the additional accrued interest capitalized while in forbearance. Forbearance programs may have the effect of delaying default emergence, and alternative payment plans may reduce the utilization of basic forbearance.

There have been no modifications granted which would constitute a troubled debt restructuring (TDR) as it relates to our education loan portfolio.

(7) Mortgage Loans Held-to-Maturity

(a) Gross Mortgage Loans Outstanding

Through our bank subsidiary, Union Federal, we carry a portfolio of mortgage loans held-to-maturity. The following table summarizes the composition of the net carrying value of our mortgage loans held-to-maturity as of the dates indicated:

	September 30, 2013			June 30, 2013
	(dollars in thousands)
Gross loan principal outstanding	$	14,661		$	13,021
Allowance for loan losses		(480	)		(440	)
Deferred costs		58			48
Mortgage loans held-to-maturity, net of allowance	$	14,239		$	12,629

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(b) Mortgage Loan Allowance for Loan Losses and the Related Provision for Loan Losses

We recorded the following activity in the allowance for loan losses for mortgage loans:

	Three months ended September 30,
	2013		2012
	(dollars in thousands)
Balance, beginning of period	$	440	$	498
Provision for loan losses		40		58
Net charge-offs		—		—
Balance, end of period	$	480	$	556

On a quarterly basis, we prepare an estimate of the allowance necessary to cover estimated credit losses. We maintain the allowance at a level that we deem adequate to absorb all reasonably anticipated losses from specifically known and other credit risks associated with the portfolio. We use a systematic methodology to measure the amount of estimated loan loss exposure inherent in the portfolio for purposes of establishing a sufficient allowance for loan losses. The methodology makes use of specific reserves, for loans individually evaluated and deemed impaired, and general reserves, for groups of loans with similar risk characteristics, which rely on a combination of qualitative and quantitative factors that could have an impact on the credit quality of the portfolio. Key qualitative factors that we deemed likely to cause estimated credit losses to differ from the historical charge-off rate included underlying collateral values and the current economic environment and conditions. We believe these to be the most significant qualitative factors; however, we recognize that additional issues may also impact the estimate of credit losses to some degree. On a quarterly basis, we re-evaluate the qualitative factors in use in order to consider the impact of other issues, which based on changing circumstances, may become more significant in the future.

We place mortgage loans on non-accrual status when they become 90 days past due as to either principal or interest. The following table summarizes the aging of past due mortgage loans. The balances represent outstanding principal net of charge-offs.

	September 30, 2013		June 30, 2013
	(dollars in thousands)
Non-accrual loans:
Residential (1-4 family)	$	1,029	$	570
Commercial/mixed use		—		94
Accruing loans:
Accruing loans 30-59 days past due		444		560
Accruing loans 60-89 days past due		114		—

We did not have any mortgage loans greater than 90 days past due that were accruing interest.

Impaired Loans

A loan is impaired when, based on current information and events, it is probable that a creditor will be unable to collect all amounts due according to the contractual terms of the loan agreement. When a loan is impaired, we measure the extent of the impairment based on the present value of expected future cash flows discounted at the loan’s effective interest rate, except that as a practical expedient, we measure impairment based on a loan’s observable market price or the fair value of the collateral if the loan is collateral dependent. See Note 2, “Summary of Significant Accounting Policies,” in the notes to our consolidated financial statements included in Item 8 of Part II of our Annual Report for a description of our policy for recognizing interest income on impaired loans.

The following tables set forth the recorded investment in impaired loans and the related specific allowance allocated as of the dates indicated:

	September 30, 2013
	Unpaid principal balance		Total recorded investment in impaired loans		Recorded investment with no allowance		Recorded investment with allowance		Related allowance
	(dollars in thousands)
Residential (1-4) family	$	1,628	$	1,387	$	343	$	1,044	$	221
Commercial/mixed use		121		121		—		121		36
	$	1,749	$	1,508	$	343	$	1,165	$	257

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There were three impaired residential (1-4) family loans totaling $343 thousand with no specific reserve at September 30, 2013. Two of the impaired loans had no specific reserves due to partial charge-offs taken for the amounts determined to be uncollectible and one had no specific reserve as the balance was supported by expected future cash flows.

	June 30, 2013
	Unpaid principal balance		Total recorded investment in impaired loans		Recorded investment with no allowance		Recorded investment with allowance		Related allowance
	(dollars in thousands)
Residential (1-4) family	$	1,532	$	1,291	$	701	$	590	$	209
Commercial/mixed use		340		215		94		121		36
	$	1,872	$	1,506	$	795	$	711	$	245

There were four impaired residential (1-4) family loans totaling $701 thousand with no specific reserve at June 30, 2013. There was one impaired commercial/mixed use loan of $94 thousand with no specific reserve at June 30, 2013. These impaired loans had no specific reserves at June 30, 2013 due to partial charge-offs taken for the amounts determined to be uncollectible.

The following table presents the average recorded investment in impaired loans and the related interest recognized during the three month periods indicated:

	Three months ended September 30,
	2013				2012
	Average recorded investment		Interest income recognized		Average recorded investment		Interest income recognized
	(dollars in thousands)
Residential (1-4) family	$	1,389	$	13	$	1,734	$	7
Commercial/mixed use		192		2		312		4
	$	1,581	$	15	$	2,046	$	11

Troubled Debt Restructurings

TDRs are loans where Union Federal, for economic reasons related to the borrower’s financial condition, has granted a significant concession to the borrower that it would not otherwise consider. TDRs can be classified as either accrual or non-accrual loans. The total recorded investment in TDR loans, included in the impaired loan figures above, was $1.1 million as of both September 30, 2013 and June 30, 2013. Union Federal continued to accrue interest on all TDR loans except for four loans totaling $568 thousand as of September 30, 2013 and five loans totaling $664 thousand as of June 30, 2013. Union Federal assigned $179 thousand and $176 thousand of specific reserves to loans classified as TDRs as of September 30, 2013 and June 30, 2013, respectively. TDR loans were assigned specific reserves in accordance with our allowance for loan loss methodology.

Union Federal executed a modification to one performing residential (1-4) family loan totaling $100 thousand during the three month period ended September 30, 2013. The loan was modified by reducing the interest rate to a below market rate. The modification became effective on October 1, 2013. Union Federal executed a modification to one non-performing residential (1-4) family loan totaling $110 thousand during the three months ended September 30, 2012. The loan was modified by reducing the interest rate as well as extending the term of the loan. The loan balances on each loan did not change significantly post modification.

(8) Deposits for Participation Interest Accounts

In connection with certain of our lender clients’ Monogram-based loan programs, we have provided credit enhancements by funding participation interest accounts (participation accounts) to serve as a first-loss reserve for defaulted program loans. We have made deposits toward our credit enhancement arrangements and agreed to provide periodic supplemental deposits, up to specified limits, during the disbursement periods under our loan program agreements based on the credit mix and volume of disbursed program loans and adjustments to default projections for program loans.

Participation accounts serve as a first-loss reserve to the originating lenders for defaults experienced in Monogram-based loan program portfolios. As defaults occur, our lender clients withdraw the outstanding balance of defaulted principal and interest from the participation account applicable to their respective programs. As amounts are recovered from borrowers, those amounts are deposited back into the appropriate participation account, if applicable. Legal ownership of the defaulted education loan may be transferred to us or continue to be owned by the lender client, depending on the terms of the loan program agreement. Defaulted education loans transferred to us are immediately charged-off and the recoveries are deposited back to the applicable participation account regardless of our ownership of the education loan.

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Cash balances in the participation accounts earn interest at market rates applicable to commercial interest-bearing deposit accounts. In addition, participation account administration fees are deposited directly by our lender clients into the applicable participation accounts. These fees represent compensation to us for providing the credit enhancement, and are distributed from the participation accounts to us monthly and are not eligible to be used as credit enhancement. Interest and fees deposited into the participation accounts are not recognized as revenue in our consolidated statements of operations. Instead, accretion due to discounting and other changes in fair value are recognized in revenue.

To the extent that the credit enhancement balance in participation accounts is in excess of contractually required amounts, as a result of declining loan balances, or if actual loan volumes or default experience are less than our funded amounts, we are eligible to receive periodic releases of funds, in addition to the monthly participation account administration fee, pursuant to the terms of the applicable loan program agreement. The timing and amount of releases, if any, from the participation accounts are uncertain and vary among the loan programs.

We carry participation accounts at fair value on our consolidated balance sheet. Fair value is equal to the amount of cash on deposit in the participation account adjusted for unrealized gains or losses. Due to the lack of availability of market prices for financial instruments of this type, we estimate unrealized gains and unrealized losses related to the participation accounts based on the net present value of expected future cash flows into and out of the account related to education loans originated as of our consolidated balance sheet date, using an estimate of prepayments, defaults and recoveries, and the timing of the return of our capital, if any, at a discount rate commensurate with the risks and durations involved. We record changes in estimated fair value of participation accounts, if any, in non-interest revenues as part of administrative and other fees.

(9) Fair Value Measurements

(a) Financial Instruments Recorded at Fair Value on our Consolidated Balance Sheets

For financial instruments recorded at fair value on our consolidated balance sheets, we base that financial instrument’s categorization within the valuation hierarchy upon the lowest level of input that is significant to the fair value measurement. During the first three months of fiscal 2014 and the first three months of fiscal 2013, there were no transfers between the hierarchy levels.

The following is a description of the valuation methodologies used for financial instruments recorded at fair value on our consolidated balance sheets:

Investments Available-for-Sale

We utilize a third-party pricing vendor to provide valuations on our investments available-for-sale, which include GSE mortgage-backed securities and mortgage-backed securities issued by U.S. government agencies. Fair values as provided by the vendor are generally determined based upon available direct market data (including trades, covers, bids, offers and price talk) along with market data for similar securities (including indices and market research). Prepayment/default projections based on historical statistics of the underlying collateral and current market data are also used by the vendor in determining a price for the securities. Management regards the inputs and methods used by the third-party pricing vendor to be Level 2 inputs and methods in the valuation hierarchy. We periodically obtain a secondary source to assess the reasonableness of prices provided by our primary pricing vendor.

Participation Interest Account Deposits

We record participation account deposits at fair value using cash flow modeling techniques as they do not have available market prices. As such, we estimated fair value using the net present value of expected future cash flows. At both September 30, 2013 and June 30, 2013, the fair value of deposits for participation accounts was not materially different from the cash balance of the underlying interest-bearing deposits. These assets are classified within Level 3 of the valuation hierarchy. Our significant unobservable inputs are discussed below.

Service Revenue Receivables

We record our service revenue receivables at fair value on our consolidated balance sheets. Our service revenue receivables consist of additional structural advisory fees and residual receivables and represent the estimated fair value of our service revenue receivables expected to be collected over the life of the various securitization trusts that have purchased education loans facilitated by us, with no further service obligations on our part. Changes in the estimated fair value of our service revenue receivables due, less any cash distributions received, are recorded in our consolidated statements of operations within the fair value changes to service revenue receivables.

In the absence of market-based transactions, we use cash flow modeling techniques to derive a Level 3 estimate of fair value for financial reporting purposes. Significant observable and unobservable inputs used to develop our fair value estimates include, but are not limited to, recovery, net default and prepayment rates, discount rates and the forward London Interbank Offered Rate (LIBOR) curve. These inputs have not changed significantly from June 30, 2013. Our significant unobservable inputs are discussed below.

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The following table presents financial instruments carried at fair value on our consolidated balance sheets, in accordance with the valuation hierarchy described above, on a recurring basis:

	September 30, 2013								June 30, 2013
	Level 1		Level 2		Level 3		Total carrying value		Level 1		Level 2		Level 3		Total carrying value
	(dollars in thousands)
Assets:
Investments available-for-sale	$	—	$	80,311	$	—	$	80,311	$	—	$	84,782	$	—	$	84,782
Deposits for participation interest accounts		—		—		18,784		18,784		—		—		13,147		13,147
Service revenue receivables		—		—		13,913		13,913		—		—		14,817		14,817
Total assets	$	—	$	80,311	$	32,697	$	113,008	$	—	$	84,782	$	27,964	$	112,746

The following table presents activity related to our financial assets categorized as Level 3 of the valuation hierarchy, valued on a recurring basis, for the three months ended September 30, 2013 and 2012. All realized and unrealized gains and losses recorded during the periods presented relate to assets still held at our consolidated balance sheet date. There have been no transfers in or out of Level 3 of the hierarchy, or between Levels 1 and 2, for the periods presented.

	Three months ended September 30,
	2013						2012
	Deposits for participation interest accounts			Service revenue receivables			Deposits for participation interest accounts			Service revenue receivables
	(dollars in thousands)
Fair value, beginning of period	$	13,147		$	14,817		$	4,039		$	16,341
Realized and unrealized gains (losses)		(71	)		445			(26	)		838
Net contributions (distributions)		5,708			(1,349	)		4,966			(1,112	)
Fair value, end of period	$	18,784		$	13,913		$	8,979		$	16,067

The following table presents additional quantitative information about the assets measured at fair value on a recurring basis for which we have utilized Level 3 inputs to determine fair value at September 30, 2013:

Asset	Fair Value		Valuation Techniques	Significant Unobservable Inputs	Range
	(dollars in thousands)
Deposits for participation interest accounts	$	18,784	Discounted cash flows	Discount rate	8-15%
				Annual prepayment rates	5-12%
				Annual net recovery rates	2.67%
				Annual default rates	0-2.25%
Service revenue receivables	$	13,913	Discounted cash flows	Discount rate	10-16%
				Annual prepayment rates	3-9%
				Annual net recovery rates	2-2.5%
				Annual default rates	1-10%

(b) Level 3 Inputs Used to Determine Fair Value

The unobservable inputs used to determine the fair value of our service revenue receivables and participation accounts include, but are not limited to, discount rates, prepayment rates, recovery rates and default rates. The forward LIBOR curve is a key observable input utilized in determining the fair value of expected future cash flows from these assets. There have been no significant changes in these inputs from June 30, 2013.

Sensitivity to Changes in Assumptions

The service revenue receivables recorded at September 30, 2013 and June 30, 2013 were related to certain of the securitization trusts we previously facilitated. Substantially all of the loans held by these securitization trusts have guarantees from schools, and, in some cases, from a third party bank. These guarantees help to partially mitigate the overall impact of defaults and sensitivity to changes in default activity to the residual interest and additional structural advisory fee holders. In addition, the recoveries on guaranteed defaults are returned back to the schools or banks, as applicable, not the residual interest and additional structural advisory fee holders, therefore, limiting the impact and sensitivity of the holders to recoveries. Further, due to the seasoning of these trusts, many of the residual interests and additional structural advisory fees have relatively short weighted-average lives and are currently cash-flowing, and, as such, are not significantly impacted by other assumptions, such as discount rates.

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(c) Fair Values of Other Financial Instruments

Fair value estimates for financial instruments not carried at fair value on our consolidated balance sheets are generally subjective in nature, and are made as of a specific point in time based on the characteristics of the financial instruments and relevant market information. The fair value estimates for the financial instruments disclosed below do not necessarily incorporate the exit price concept used to record financial instruments at fair value on our consolidated balance sheets.

Cash and Cash Equivalents, Short-term Investments, Restricted Cash and Restricted Funds Due to Clients

The carrying amount approximates fair value principally due to the short maturities of these instruments.

Mortgages

The fair value of the fixed-rate mortgage portfolio was determined by discounting the cash flows using rates obtained from a third party as of our consolidated balance sheet date. The fair value of the variable-rate portfolio was determined by discounting the scheduled cash flows through the estimated maturity of the loans using the interest rates offered as of our consolidated balance sheet date that reflect the current interest rate inherent in the loans. This method of estimating fair value does not incorporate the exit price concept of fair value. Mortgage loans were classified within Level 3 of the fair value hierarchy.

Education Loans

The fair value of education loans was determined by discounting the scheduled cash flows through the estimated maturity of the loans using interest rates offered as of our balance sheet date that reflect the credit and interest rate risk inherent in the loans. The estimate of maturity was based on our historical repayment experience. Since the education loans held were principally variable-rate, carrying value approximates fair value. This method of estimating fair value does not incorporate the exit price concept of fair value. Education loans were classified within Level 3 of the fair value hierarchy.

Time Deposits

The fair value of time deposits was determined by discounting the scheduled cash flows using the rates we offered as of our consolidated balance sheet date for deposits with similar remaining maturities or rates of our competitors. In determining our offering rates, we compare our rates on a continuous basis to other banks and competitors. As such, time deposits were classified within Level 2 of the fair value hierarchy.

Savings, Checking and Money Market Deposits

The fair value of our savings, checking and money market deposits with no stated maturity were equal to the amounts payable upon demand.

The following tables present the carrying amount, estimated fair value and placement in the fair value hierarchy for our financial instruments not measured at fair value on our consolidated balance sheets at September 30, 2013 and June 30, 2013:

September 30, 2013	Carrying		Estimated		Fair Value Measurements
	Amount		Fair Value		Level 1		Level 2		Level 3
	(dollars in thousands)
Financial Assets:
Cash and cash equivalents	$	67,669	$	67,669	$	67,669	$	—	$	—
Short-term investments		50,204		50,204		50,204		—		—
Restricted cash		114,113		114,113		114,113		—		—
Education loans, net of allowance		70,436		70,668		—		—		70,668
Mortgage loans, net of allowance		14,239		14,207		—		—		14,207
Financial Liabilities:
Time deposits	$	32,055	$	32,342	$	—	$	32,342	$	—
Savings, checking and money market deposits		133,433		133,433		133,433		—		—
Restricted funds due to clients		113,978		113,978		113,978		—		—

June 30, 2013	Carrying		Estimated		Fair Value Measurements
	Amount		Fair Value		Level 1		Level 2		Level 3
	(dollars in thousands)
Financial Assets:
Cash and cash equivalents	$	81,910	$	81,910	$	81,910	$	—	$	—
Short-term investments		55,179		55,179		55,179		—		—
Restricted cash		87,338		87,338		87,338		—		—
Education loans, net of allowance		62,996		63,197		—		—		63,197
Mortgage loans, net of allowance		12,629		12,538		—		—		12,538
Financial Liabilities:
Time deposits	$	38,922	$	39,273	$	—	$	39,273	$	—
Savings, checking and money market deposits		125,055		125,055		125,055		—		—
Restricted funds due to clients		86,994		86,994		86,994		—		—

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(10) Goodwill and Intangible Assets

(a) Cology LLC

Cology LLC completed its acquisition of a substantial portion of the operating assets of the Cology Sellers during the second quarter of fiscal 2013. We recorded a customer list intangible asset of $5.7 million for the approximately 250 credit union and other lender clients that the Cology Sellers did business with as of the acquisition date along with $518 thousand of goodwill. Our customer list intangible asset will be amortized over a 15-year period on a straight line basis. We expect amortization expense related to the Cology LLC intangible asset to be approximately $377 thousand per year. We expect amortization of the intangible asset and goodwill to be fully deductible for income tax purposes over a 15-year period. We recorded no goodwill or intangible asset impairment through September 30, 2013.

(b) TMS

We completed our acquisition of TMS during fiscal 2011. We recorded goodwill of $22.2 million at the acquisition date. On June 30, 2011, TMS sold a portfolio of contracts with K-12 schools to Nelnet Business Solutions, Inc. in a transaction that eliminated $2.6 million of goodwill and decreased our customer list intangible asset by $4.1 million. As a result, $19.5 million of goodwill remained at both September 30, 2013 and June 30, 2013 and the adjusted cost basis of our customer list intangible was $17.9 million. We recorded no goodwill or intangible asset impairment through September 30, 2013.

(c) Intangible Assets

Intangible assets at September 30, 2013 consisted of the following:

	Amortization period		Adjusted cost basis		Accumulated amortization			Net
	(in years)		(dollars in thousands)
Intangible assets:
Customer list		15	$	23,600	$	(3,668	)	$	19,932
Technology		6		4,400		(2,348	)		2,052
Tradename		15		1,950		(356	)		1,594
Total intangible assets at September 30, 2013			$	29,950	$	(6,372	)	$	23,578

Amortization expense recorded for the first three months of fiscal 2014 was $615 thousand.

Estimated annual amortization expense for the remainder of fiscal 2014 and each fiscal year thereafter is as follows:

	Customer list		Technology		Tradename		Total
	(dollars in thousands)
Estimated amortization expense:
Remainder of 2014	$	1,179	$	531	$	99	$	1,809
2015		1,573		608		130		2,311
2016		1,573		608		130		2,311
2017		1,573		305		130		2,008
2018		1,573		—		130		1,703
Thereafter		12,461		—		975		13,436
Total	$	19,932	$	2,052	$	1,594	$	23,578

(11) Commitments and Contingencies

(a) Income Tax Matters

Internal Revenue Service Audit

Effective March 31, 2009, we completed the sale of the trust certificate of NC Residuals Owners Trust (the Trust Certificate). In connection with the sale of the Trust Certificate, FMD entered into an asset services agreement (the Asset Services Agreement) pursuant to which FMD provided various consulting and advisory services to the purchaser of the Trust Certificate. As a result of the

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sale of the Trust Certificate, as well as our operating losses incurred in fiscal 2009, we recorded an income tax receivable for federal income taxes paid on taxable income in prior fiscal years. In fiscal 2010, we received a total of $189.3 million in federal and state income tax refunds related to our income tax receivables. In April 2010, the Internal Revenue Service (IRS) commenced an audit of our tax returns for fiscal 2007 through fiscal 2009, including a review of the tax treatment of the sale of the Trust Certificate and the federal tax refunds previously received in the amount of $176.6 million. Such audits are consistent with the practice of the Joint Committee of Taxation, which requires the IRS to perform additional procedures for a taxpayer who receives a tax refund in excess of $2.0 million, which may include an audit of such taxpayer’s tax return. The IRS is also auditing our fiscal 2010 tax return in light of the $45.1 million income tax refund that we received in October 2010. We cannot predict the timing or the outcome of the IRS audit.

We announced on August 15, 2013 that, as part of the audit process, we expected to receive a Notice of Proposed Adjustment (NOPA) from the IRS. On September 10, 2013 we received two NOPAs from the IRS that contain the proposed adjustments that we announced on August 15, 2013. In the NOPAs, the IRS asserts that our sale of the Trust Certificate should not be recognized for federal income tax purposes primarily because we retained the economic benefits and burdens of the Trust Certificate, including, among other things, retaining certain repurchase rights and data rights. The IRS further concludes that the transaction should be characterized as a financing instead of a sale and asserts that the sale of the Trust Certificate and the execution of the Asset Services Agreement had the impact of converting taxable income to the owner from an accrual basis to a cash basis. As a result, the NOPAs propose to disallow the loss that generated the tax refunds that we previously received as well as require us to include income from the Trust Certificate from the March 31, 2009 sale date through June 30, 2011 in our taxable income for such years. If the IRS’ positions are successful, the disallowance of the loss, coupled with the additional taxable income after the sale date through June 30, 2011, would create federal income tax adjustments that we estimate to be approximately $300.0 million, excluding interest until such matter is resolved. The NOPAs neither address tax years beyond June 30, 2011 nor the assessment of penalties, if any.

The ongoing IRS audit or any other investigation, audit, appeals proceeding or suit relating to the sale of the Trust Certificate could result in substantial costs. A state taxing authority could also challenge our tax position in connection with the transactions, notwithstanding our receipt of any income tax refund.

The determination of whether or not to accrue a liability, if any, requires a significant amount of judgment and entails by necessity, the need to incorporate estimates. We have considered the requirements of ASC 740,Income Taxes, the impact of the NOPAs, along with other information supporting our overall tax position, in our assessment of the ultimate outcome of this matter with the IRS, and based on our analysis, we did not record an accrual related to this matter in our unaudited consolidated financial statements at September 30, 2013. Such an accrual, if it becomes necessary, could be significant and material to our consolidated financial statements.

We plan to vigorously contest the proposed adjustments, and we believe we have a strong position as it relates to this matter. The process of resolving this issue, which may include an appeals process with the IRS and litigation in the U.S. Tax Court and the U.S. Court of Appeals, may extend over multiple years depending on how it progresses through the IRS and, if necessary, the courts. Assuming this matter advances unresolved through the IRS’ administrative process and the courts, we are not required to make tax payments, if any, until the matter is fully resolved, which may be several years from now. However, if we receive an unfavorable outcome from the U.S. Tax Court and appeal, we must post a bond in order to prevent collection of the tax deficiency.

Massachusetts Appellate Tax Board Matters

We are involved in several matters relating to the Massachusetts tax treatment of GATE Holdings, Inc. (GATE), a former subsidiary of FMD. We took the position in proceedings before the Massachusetts Appellate Tax Board (ATB) that GATE was properly taxable as a financial institution and not as a business corporation and was entitled to apportion its income under applicable provisions of Massachusetts tax law. The Massachusetts Commissioner of Revenue (Commissioner) took alternative positions: that GATE was properly taxable as a business corporation, or that GATE was taxable as a financial institution, but was not entitled to apportionment or was subject to 100% Massachusetts apportionment. In September 2007, we filed a petition with the ATB seeking a refund of state taxes paid for our taxable year ended June 30, 2004, all of which taxes had previously been paid as if GATE were a business corporation. In December 2009, the Commissioner made additional assessments of taxes, along with accrued interest, of approximately $11.9 million for GATE’s taxable years ended June 30, 2004, 2005 and 2006, and approximately $8.1 million for our taxable years ended June 30, 2005 and 2006. For the 2005 and 2006 taxable years, only one of the two assessments made by the Commissioner would ultimately be allowed. In March 2010, we filed petitions with the ATB contesting the additional assessments against GATE and us. In April 2011, the ATB held an evidentiary hearing on the foregoing, and the parties filed their final briefs in September 2011. On November 9, 2011, the ATB issued an order (ATB Order) regarding these proceedings. The ATB Order reflected the following rulings and findings:

• GATE was properly taxable as a financial institution, rather than a business corporation, for each of the tax years at issue;

• GATE was entitled to apportion its income under applicable provisions of Massachusetts tax law for each of the tax years at issue;

• GATE properly calculated one of the two applicable apportionment factors used to calculate GATE’s financial institution excise tax;

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• GATE incorrectly calculated the other apportionment factor, which we refer to as the Property Factor, by excluding all income from trust-owned education loans outside of Massachusetts rather than including such income for the purposes of GATE’s Massachusetts state tax returns; and

• All penalties assessed to FMD and GATE were abated.

In connection with the ATB Order, as well as the expiration of the statute of limitations applicable to GATE’s taxable year ended June 30, 2007, we recognized an income tax benefit of $12.5 million during the second quarter of fiscal 2012. In the third quarter of fiscal 2012, we made a $5.1 million payment that satisfied our obligation to the Massachusetts Department of Revenue for GATE’s taxable years ended June 30, 2004, 2005 and 2006.

On April 17, 2013, the ATB issued its opinion confirming the rulings and findings included in the ATB Order (the ATB Opinion). We had argued that the loan servicers’ activities, which were conducted outside of Massachusetts on behalf of the trusts, determined the location of the loans for purposes of the Property Factor. The ATB disagreed and determined that the loan servicers’ activities should not be attributed to GATE and further determined that, for purposes of the Property Factor, the trust-owned education loans were located in Massachusetts, GATE’s commercial domicile.

On July 22, 2013, we filed an appeal of the ATB’s findings with regard to the Property Factor in the Massachusetts Appeals Court. The Commissioner has decided not to appeal the ATB’s other findings. If we are unsuccessful in an appeal of the ATB Order, we could be required to make additional tax payments, including interest, as discussed below, for GATE’s taxable years ended June 30, 2008 and 2009, which could materially adversely affect our liquidity position.

On June 29, 2013, the Massachusetts Department of Revenue delivered a notice of intent to assess for our taxable years ended June 30, 2008 and 2009. This assessment included approximately $822 thousand of additional tax liability and an assessment for penalties of $4.1 million. We have accrued for the additional tax liability, including interest, but have not accrued for the penalties as we believe that it is more likely than not that the penalties will ultimately be abated, which is consistent with the Massachusetts Department of Revenue’s treatment of our taxable years ended June 30, 2004, 2005 and 2006. As of September 30, 2013, we have accrued a total of $25.4 million, including interest, related to the 2008 and 2009 tax returns for GATE, which amount was included in income taxes payable on our consolidated balance sheet. We cannot predict the outcome of this matter or the timing of such payments, if any, at this time.

(b) Federal Class Action Lawsuits

On August 28, 2013, a purported class action was filed in the United States District Court for the District of Massachusetts against FMD, Daniel Meyers, FMD’s Chief Executive Officer and Chairman of the FMD Board of Directors, and Kenneth Klipper, FMD’s Chief Financial Officer and one of FMD’s Managing Directors. The action is entitledSmith v. The First Marblehead Corp. et al., Civ. A. No. 13-cv-12121-PBS (D. Mass.). The plaintiff alleges, among other things, that the defendants made false and misleading statements and failed to disclose material information in various SEC filings, press releases and other public statements concerning our corporate income tax filings. The complaint alleges various claims under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, and Rule 10b-5 promulgated thereunder. The complaint seeks, among other relief, class certification, unspecified damages, fees and such other relief as the court may deem just and proper. No class has been certified in the above action.

On October 23, 2013, a different plaintiff filed a related derivative action in the same court against Daniel Meyers, Kenneth Klipper and current or former members of FMD’s Board of Directors Peter Drotch, George Daly, William Hansen, Thomas Eddy, Dort Cameron III, Nancy Bekavac, Stephen Anbinder, Peter Tarr, William Berkley, and Henry Cornell. The action is entitledNoel v. Daniel Meyers, et al., Civ. A. No. 13-cv-12683-PBS (D. Mass.). The plaintiff alleges, among other things, that the defendants breached their fiduciary duties to FMD by making, or not preventing, purported false and misleading statements concerning FMD’s corporate income tax filings. The plaintiff also asserts claims for unjust enrichment and corporate waste. The complaint seeks, among other relief, a return of all damages purportedly sustained by FMD as well as changes to corporate governance policies and procedures.

The defendants in each action intend to vigorously defend themselves. There can be no assurance, however, that the defense will be successful, and adverse developments and/or an adverse resolution of either lawsuit could have a material effect on our consolidated financial position and results of operations. We are not presently able to estimate potential losses, if any, related to the lawsuits and, although we carry insurance for these types of claims, a judgment significantly in excess of our insurance coverage could be material to our consolidated financial statements.

(c) Indemnifications—Sale of FMDS

In connection with the sale of our trust administrator, First Marblehead Data Services, Inc. (FMDS) in the third quarter of fiscal 2012, we have agreed to indemnify the buyer for breaches of representations, warranties and covenants, subject to certain terms, conditions and exceptions.

The buyer’s rights to indemnification with respect to breaches of certain of our representations and warranties in the purchase agreement (the Fundamental Representations) are subject to a cap equal to the purchase price. The Fundamental Representations

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include representations and warranties by FMD with regard to its organization, its authorization of the transaction, the absence of broker’s fees and its ownership of the shares of capital stock of FMDS. The Fundamental Representations also include representations and warranties by FMD with regard to FMDS’ organization, qualification and corporate power, FMDS’ capitalization, the absence of broker’s fees, the absence of subsidiaries and certain tax matters.

The buyer’s rights to indemnification would not be subject to the purchase price cap in the case of any breach or nonperformance by us of any of our covenants or obligations set forth in the purchase agreement. In addition, we have agreed to provide a separate, unconditional indemnity with regard to tax matters related to FMDS arising prior to the closing date, including the audit currently being conducted by the IRS, as discussed above. This special indemnity is also not subject to the purchase price cap. Finally, we have agreed to indemnify and defend the buyer from certain other specified matters. The buyer’s rights to such indemnification would be initially capped at the purchase price, and the applicable cap would then decrease over time. We believe that at the time of the sale of FMDS and at September 30, 2013, the likelihood of making any payment under these indemnifications was remote. As such, the fair value of any such liability for the indemnifications would, therefore, also be immaterial to our consolidated financial statements.

(d) Performance Guaranty

In connection with Union Federal’s sale of an education loan portfolio in October 2009, FMD delivered a performance guaranty pursuant to which FMD guarantees the performance by Union Federal of its obligations and agreements, including its indemnification or loan repurchase obligations, under the loan purchase and sale agreement relating to the transaction. We were not aware of any contingencies existing at September 30, 2013 that were both probable and estimable for which we would record a reserve, nor can we estimate a range of possible losses at this time.

(e) Indemnifications—Union Federal

In April 2010, FMD and certain of its subsidiaries entered into agreements relating to the restructuring of the education loan warehouse facility of FMD’s indirect subsidiary, UFSB Private Loan SPV, LLC. In connection with the restructuring, FMD agreed, among other things, to provide a separate indemnity for third-party claims by or on behalf of borrowers against the third-party conduit lender based on loan origination errors under the facility. We were not aware of any contingencies existing at our consolidated balance sheet date that were both probable and estimable for which we would record a reserve, nor can we estimate a range of possible losses at this time.

(f) Other

We are involved from time to time in routine legal proceedings occurring in the ordinary course of business. In the opinion of management, there are no matters outstanding, other than those discussed above under “—Income Tax Matters,” and “—Federal Class Action Lawsuits,” that could have a material adverse impact on our operations or financial condition.

(12) Net Loss per Share

The following table sets forth the computation of basic and diluted net loss per share of common stock:

	Three months ended September 30,
	2013			2012
	(dollars and shares in thousands, except per share amounts)
Net loss available and allocated to common shares outstanding	$	(11,554	)	$	(13,932	)
Net loss per basic and diluted common share	$	(0.10	)	$	(0.14	)
Basic and diluted weighted average common shares outstanding		112,142			102,061
Anti-dilutive common stock equivalents		530			8,870

For the periods in which a net loss was incurred, common stock equivalents are considered anti-dilutive, and, therefore, are excluded from diluted weighted-average shares outstanding. Common stock equivalents include restricted stock units, stock options and, for the three months ended September 30, 2012, Series B Non-Voting Convertible Preferred Stock, $0.01 par value per share. For the stock options outstanding, the conversion or exercise price exceeds fair market value at the reporting date.

(13) Union Federal Regulatory Matters

Union Federal is a federally-chartered thrift that is subject to various regulatory capital requirements administered by the federal banking agencies. Failure to meet minimum capital requirements can result in initiation of certain mandatory and possibly additional discretionary actions by the regulators that, if undertaken, could have a direct material effect on our liquidity. Under capital adequacy guidelines and the regulatory framework for prompt corrective action, Union Federal must meet specific capital guidelines that involve quantitative measures of Union Federal’s assets and liabilities as calculated under regulatory accounting practices. The capital amounts and classifications, however, are also subject to qualitative judgments by the regulators about components, risk weightings

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and other factors. Union Federal’s equity capital was $22.5 million and $21.6 million at September 30, 2013 and June 30, 2013, respectively. During the three months ended September 30, 2013, Union Federal received capital contributions of $450 thousand from FMD.

Quantitative measures established by regulation to ensure capital adequacy require Union Federal to maintain minimum amounts and ratios of total capital and Tier 1 capital to risk-weighted assets (each as defined in the regulations). As of September 30, 2013 and June 30, 2013, Union Federal was well capitalized under the regulatory framework for prompt corrective action.

Union Federal’s regulatory capital ratios were as follows as of the dates below:

	Regulatory Guidelines
	Minimum			Well capitalized			September 30, 2013			June 30, 2013
Capital ratios:
Tier 1 risk-based capital		4.0	%		6.0	%		24.2	%		25.2	%
Total risk-based capital		8.0			10.0			25.0			26.0
Tier 1 (core) capital		4.0			5.0			12.0			11.7

FMD is subject to regulation, supervision and examination by the Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System (Federal Reserve) as a savings and loan holding company, and Union Federal is subject to regulation, supervision and examination by the OCC.

The OCC regulates all capital distributions by Union Federal directly or indirectly to FMD, including dividend payments. Union Federal is required to file a notice with the OCC at least 30 days before the proposed declaration of a dividend or approval of a proposed capital distribution by Union Federal’s Board of Directors. Union Federal must file an application to receive the approval of the OCC for a proposed capital distribution when, among other circumstances, the total amount of all capital distributions (including the proposed capital distribution) for the applicable calendar year exceeds net income for that year to date plus the retained net income for the preceding two years.

A notice or application to make a capital distribution by Union Federal may be disapproved or denied by the OCC if it determines that, after making the capital distribution, Union Federal would fail to meet minimum required capital levels or if the capital distribution raises safety or soundness concerns or is otherwise restricted by statute, regulation or agreement between Union Federal and the OCC, or a condition imposed by an OCC agreement. Under the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation Improvement Act (FDICIA), a Federal Depository Insurance Corporation-insured depository institution such as Union Federal is prohibited from making capital distributions, including the payment of dividends, if, after making such distribution, the institution would become “undercapitalized” (as such term is used in the FDICIA).

In March 2010, the FMD Board of Directors adopted resolutions required by the U.S. Office of Thrift Supervision (OTS), Union Federal’s regulator at that time, undertaking to support the implementation by Union Federal of its business plan, so long as Union Federal is owned or controlled by FMD, and to notify the OTS (and now the OCC effective in fiscal 2012) in advance of any distribution to FMD’s stockholders in excess of $1.0 million per fiscal quarter and any incurrence or guarantee of debt in excess of $5.0 million. These resolutions continue to be applied by the Federal Reserve. Distribution to FMD’s stockholders may be further restricted by the Federal Reserve’s required approval in those instances when such distributions exceed the net earnings of the prior 12-month period.

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Item 2. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations

You should read the following discussion and analysis of our financial condition and results of operations together with our unaudited consolidated financial statements and accompanying notes included in Part I of this quarterly report and in conjunction with our audited consolidated financial statements included in our annual report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended June 30, 2013 filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission, or SEC, on September 13, 2013, which we refer to as our Annual Report.

Unless otherwise indicated, or unless the context of the discussion requires otherwise, we use the terms “we,” “us,” “our” and similar references to refer to The First Marblehead Corporation and its subsidiaries, on a consolidated basis. We use the terms “First Marblehead” or “FMD” to refer to The First Marblehead Corporation on a stand-alone basis. We use the term “education loan” to refer to private education loans that are not guaranteed by the federal government. Our fiscal year ends on June 30, and we identify our fiscal years by the calendar years in which they end. For example, we refer to the fiscal year ending June 30, 2014 as “fiscal 2014.”

Factors That May Affect Future Results

In addition to historical information, this quarterly report includes forward-looking statements within the meaning of Section 21E of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, or the Exchange Act, and Section 27A of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended. For this purpose, any statements contained herein regarding our strategy, future operations and products, financial performance and liquidity, future funding transactions, projected costs, projected loan portfolio performance, future market position, prospects, plans and outlook of management and proceedings related to our federal and state income tax returns, including any challenge to the tax refunds previously received as a result of the audit being conducted by the Internal Revenue Service, or IRS, other than statements of historical facts, are forward-looking statements. The words “anticipates,” “believes,” “estimates,” “expects,” “intends,” “may,” “observe,” “plans,” “projects,” “would,” and similar expressions are intended to identify forward-looking statements, although not all forward-looking statements contain these identifying words. We cannot guaranty that we actually will achieve the plans, intentions or expectations expressed or implied in our forward-looking statements, which involve risks, assumptions and uncertainties. There are a number of important factors that could cause actual results, timing of events, levels of activity or performance to differ materially from those expressed or implied in the forward-looking statements we make. These important factors include our “critical accounting estimates” set forth in Note 2, “Summary of Significant Accounting Policies,” in the notes to our consolidated financial statements included in Item 8 of Part II of our Annual Report and factors including, but not limited to, those set forth under the caption “Risk Factors” in Item 1A of Part II of this quarterly report. Although we may elect to update forward-looking statements in the future, we specifically disclaim any obligation to do so, even if our estimates change, and readers should not rely on those forward-looking statements as representing our views as of any date subsequent to November 8, 2013.

Executive Summary

Overview

We are a specialty finance company focused on the education financing marketplace in the United States. We provide loan programs on behalf of our lender clients for K-12, undergraduate and graduate students and for college graduates seeking to refinance private education loan obligations. We offer a fully integrated suite of services through our Monogram^® loan product service platform, which we refer to as our Monogram platform, as well as certain services on a stand-alone, fee-for-service basis. We partner with lenders to design and administer education loan programs through our Monogram platform, which are typically school-certified. They are designed to be marketed through educational institutions or to prospective borrowers and their families directly and to generate portfolios intended to be held by the originating lender or financed in the capital markets. In addition, as detailed more fully below, we offer a number of other services on a stand-alone, fee-for-service basis in support of our clients, including tuition management services, loan processing and disbursement services, retail banking, loan origination, portfolio management and securitization services.

Our product and service offerings are part of a change in our revenue model with a focus on fee-based revenues. Our long-term success depends on the continued development of our four principal revenue lines:

• Partnered lending—We provide customized Monogram-based education loan programs for lenders who wish to hold originated portfolios to maturity. We may provide credit enhancements by funding participation interest accounts, which we refer to as participation accounts, or, in the case of FMD’s subsidiary Union Federal Savings Bank, which we refer to as Union Federal^®, deposit accounts, to serve as a first-loss reserve for defaulted program loans. In consideration for funding participation accounts, we are entitled to receive a share of the interest income generated on the loans. We are paid for our origination and marketing services at the time approved education loans are disbursed and receive monthly payments for portfolio management services, credit enhancement and administrative services throughout the life of the loan.

• Banking services—Union Federal offers traditional retail banking products, including residential and commercial mortgages, time deposits and money market demand accounts, on a stand-alone basis. In addition, Union Federal generates additional revenues by originating Monogram-based education loan portfolios, subject to regulatory conditions, with the intent of holding them to maturity.

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• Capital markets—Our capital markets experience coupled with our loan performance database and risk analytics provide specialized insight into funding options available to our lender clients. We have a right of first refusal should one of our partner lenders wish to sell some or all of its entire education loan portfolio prior to maturity. In addition to traditional asset-backed securitizations, funding options may also include whole loan sales or other financing alternatives. We can also earn net interest income by retaining a portion of the equity in any of these transactions.

• Fee-for-service—Loan origination, portfolio management, analytical and structuring services, tuition billing and payment processing and refund management services are each available on a stand-alone, fee-for-service basis. We offer outsourced tuition planning, tuition billing, refund management and payment technology services for universities, colleges and secondary schools through FMD’s subsidiary Tuition Management Systems, LLC, which we refer to as TMS. TMS provides such services on behalf of over 700 educational institutions. Through our subsidiary Cology LLC, we earn fees for the processing of education loans on behalf of its approximately 270 credit union and other lender clients.

Business Trends, Uncertainties and Outlook

The following discussion of business trends, uncertainties and outlook focuses on certain developments affecting our business since the beginning of fiscal 2014.

Loan Processing and Origination

During the first quarter of fiscal 2011, we began providing services for two lender clients related to school-certified education loan programs, including education loan origination, based on our Monogram platform. During fiscal 2012, we began performing services for Union Federal related to school-certified education loan programs based on our Monogram platform, including a K-12 loan program. In June 2012, we launched a Monogram-based loan program with a new lender client and, in August 2012, we launched a Monogram-based loan consolidation program with an existing client. Our Monogram platform continues to provide us with an opportunity to originate, administer, manage and finance education loans, and our lender clients’ Monogram-based loan programs are a significant component of our return to the education financing marketplace. The education loans that we originate on behalf of our partnered lending clients, excluding our subsidiary Union Federal, are not included on our consolidated balance sheets but, rather are included on the balance sheets of our partnered lending clients. As such, none of the references in this quarterly report to education loans included on our consolidated balance sheets include the education loans processed by us on behalf of our partnered lending clients.

During the second quarter of fiscal 2013, we began to process and disburse education loans through Cology LLC on behalf of its credit union and other lender clients. Cology LLC earns fees primarily based on the number of loan applications, loan certifications and disbursements it processes on behalf of its clients. Because Cology LLC is a loan processer, the education loans that it processes on behalf of its clients are not included on our consolidated balance sheets but, rather, are included on the balance sheets of its clients. As such, none of the references in this quarterly report to education loans included on our consolidated balance sheets include the education loans processed by Cology LLC on behalf of its clients.

The following table presents our loan facilitation metrics with respect to our Monogram-based loan programs for the three months ended September 30, 2013 and 2012, as well as our loan facilitation metrics with respect to the education loans processed by Cology LLC for the three months ended September 30, 2013. We use the term “facilitated loan” to mean an education loan that has been approved following receipt of all applicant data, including the signed credit agreement, required certifications from the school and applicant and any required income or employment verification. We use the term “disbursed loan” to mean a loan for which loan funds have been disbursed on behalf of the lender.

	Three months ended September 30,
	2013										2012
	Partnered Lending		Union Federal		Monogram Loan Programs Total		Cology LLC		Total		Partnered Lending		Union Federal		Monogram Loan Programs Total
	(dollars in thousands)
Facilitated Loans	$	61,894	$	14,222	$	76,116	$	357,110	$	433,226	$	63,089	$	21,378	$	84,467
Disbursed Loans		33,732		8,721		42,453		194,480		236,933		33,077		12,925		46,002

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Historically, we have processed the greatest loan application volume during the summer and early fall months, as students and their families seek to borrow money in order to pay tuition costs for the fall semester or the entire academic year. Facilitated volumes at Union Federal declined when compared to the first quarter of fiscal 2013, primarily as a result of our decision to invest less in loan acquisition costs, principally marketing, as we balance loan acquisition costs, capital requirements and other regulatory parameters of Union Federal.

The following table represents our loan origination metrics with respect to our Monogram-based programs held at Union Federal at September 30, 2013 and 2012:

	September 30,
	2013			2012
Weighted-average FICO score		753			752
Co-signers		83	%		84	%
Delinquent loans		0.78	%		0.19	%

The weighted-average FICO score is based on the maximum score of the borrower or co-signer at origination.

Portfolio Performance

Credit performance of consumer-related loans generally has been adversely affected by general economic conditions in the United States over the past six years. These conditions have included higher unemployment rates and deteriorating credit performance, including higher levels of education loan defaults and lower recoveries on such defaulted loans. Although these conditions have lessened to a certain extent recently, they may have a material adverse effect on consumer loan portfolio performance in the future. Our Monogram-based education loan portfolios are not yet fully exposed to significant adverse portfolio performance because a majority of these portfolios have yet to experience any significant seasoning. Consequently, in evaluating loan portfolio performance, we review projected gross default rates and projected post-default recovery rates. Further, we evaluate the loan portfolio performance of the securitization trusts that we previously facilitated. The service revenue receivables from these trusts that remain on our consolidated balance sheets at September 30, 2013 and June 30, 2013 have not been significantly impacted by defaults or recoveries since these trusts are backed by third-party guarantees that help to partially negate the overall impact of any default activity. Many of these securitization trusts are also cash flowing, seasoned portfolios that, for the most part, have relatively short remaining weighted-average lives.

Capital Markets

We believe that conditions in the capital markets generally improved in fiscal 2013 and during the three months ended September 30, 2013 as compared to recent years. In particular, investors in asset-backed securities, or ABS, demonstrated increased interest in ABS backed by private education loans, resulting in a reduction in credit spreads applicable to these securities. Additionally, during the third quarter of fiscal 2013 a private education loan ABS issuance by a third party included a subordinate bond, the first such bond to be included in a new issuance since 2007. The inclusion of this subordinate bond served to increase the advance rate, or amount of funds raised as a percentage of the collateral in the issuance. We believe that these trends indicate that the economics of private education loan ABS are starting to become more attractive to issuers in the private education loan securitization marketplace. However, we have not completed a securitization transaction since fiscal 2008 and if we execute a financing transaction in the capital markets, the structure and economics of any such transaction may be materially different from prior transactions that we have sponsored. Such differences may include lower revenues as a result of comparatively wider credit spreads and lower advance rates.

Uncertainties

Our near-term financial performance and future growth depends, in large part, on our ability to successfully and efficiently market our Monogram platform, Cology LLC offerings and TMS offerings so that we may grow and diversify our client base and revenues. Facilitated and disbursed loan volumes are key elements of our financial results and business strategy, and we believe that the results from the 2011-2012 and the 2012-2013 academic years demonstrate market demand for Monogram-based education loans.

We have invested in our distribution capabilities over the course of the past two fiscal years, including our school sales force and TMS, but we face challenges in increasing loan volumes. For example, competitors with larger customer bases, greater name or brand recognition, or more established customer relationships than those of our clients, have an advantage in attracting loan applicants at a lower acquisition cost than us and making education loans on a recurring, or “serialized,” basis.

Outlook

Our long-term success depends on our ability to attract additional lender clients, or otherwise obtain additional sources of interim or permanent financing, such as securitizations or alternative financing transactions. This is particularly true as the level of loan originations for the Union Federal Private Student Loan Program is subject to regulatory limits that are based upon the overall size of Union Federal’s balance sheet and Union Federal’s capital levels, as determined by FMD. To date, we have entered into education loan program agreements based on our Monogram platform with four lender clients, including FMD’s subsidiary Union Federal. While we have demonstrated market demand for Monogram-based education loans, we are uncertain as to the degree of market

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acceptance that our Monogram platform will achieve, particularly in the current economic environment where lenders continue to evaluate their education lending business models. Additionally, as one of our four partnered lending clients provides the majority of our Monogram-based loan program fees, we are subject to concentration risk as it relates to this revenue stream until we are able to attract additional lender clients. We believe, however, that the credit quality characteristics and interest rates of the loan portfolios originated in the 2011-2012, 2012-2013 and 2013-2014 academic years will be attractive to additional potential lender clients, as well as capital markets participants.

We are uncertain of the volume of education loans to be generated by the Monogram-based loan programs of our four lender clients, or any additional lender clients, including clients acquired through our acquisition in fiscal 2013 of a substantial portion of the operating assets of Cology Inc. and its affiliates, which we refer to as the Cology Sellers. It is our view that returning to profitability will be dependent on a number of factors, including our loan capacity and related volumes, expense management and growth at TMS, Cology LLC and Union Federal, and the availability of financing alternatives, including our ability to successfully re-enter the securitization market. In particular, we need to generate loan volumes substantially greater than those that we have generated to date, as well as to develop funding capacity for Monogram-based loan programs at loan volume levels greater than those of our four lender clients with lower credit enhancement levels and higher capital markets advance rates than those available today. We must also continue to achieve efficiencies in attracting applicants, through loan serialization or otherwise, in order to reduce our overall cost of acquisition. In the case of Cology LLC, we continue to provide loan processing services to the former customers of the Cology Sellers similar to the services provided to them by the Cology Sellers prior to the acquisition and, in addition, we hope to provide various Monogram-based products and services to these customers to assist them in education loan product design, pricing, marketing, reporting and analysis, as well as education loan portfolio management services.

Changes in any of the following factors could materially affect our financial results:

• Demand for education financing, which may be affected by changes in limitations established by the federal government on the amount of federal loans that a student can receive, the terms and eligibility criteria for loans and grants under federal or state government programs and legislation currently under consideration;

• The extent to which our services and products, including our Monogram platform, Cology LLC offerings and TMS offerings, gain market share and remain competitive at pricing favorable to us;

• The amount of education loan volume disbursed under our lender clients’ Monogram-based loan programs;

• Our ability to sell Monogram products and services to Cology LLC’s customers;

• An adverse outcome in any challenge to federal tax refunds previously received in the amounts of $176.6 million and $45.1 million as a result of the audit of our past tax returns currently being conducted by the IRS, including as a result of the Notice of Proposed Adjustments, or NOPAs, we received from the IRS on September 10, 2013 that propose to disallow the loss that generated the tax refunds that we previously received as well as require us to include income from the NC Residual Owners Trust, or Trust Certificate, from the March 31, 2009 sale date through June 30, 2011 in our taxable income for such years. If the IRS’ positions are successful, the disallowance of the loss, coupled with the additional taxable income after the sale date through June 30, 2011, would create federal tax adjustments that we estimate to be approximately $300.0 million, excluding interest until such matter is resolved and the assessment of penalties, if any;

• Regulatory requirements applicable to Union Federal, TMS and FMD, including conditions and approvals relating to the Union Federal Private Student Loan Program, which limit Union Federal’s ability to fund education loans;

• Conditions in the education loan financing market, including the costs or availability of financing, rating agency assumptions or actions, and market receptivity to private education loan asset-backed securitizations;

• The underlying loan performance of the Monogram-based loan programs, including the net default rates, and the timing and amounts of receipt of excess credit enhancements, if any, that may be material to us;

• The resolution of our appeal of the Massachusetts Appellate Tax Board, or ATB, order, which we refer to as the ATB Order, in the cases pertaining to our Massachusetts state income tax returns;

• Application of critical accounting policies and estimates, which impact the carrying value of assets and liabilities, as well as our determinations to consolidate or deconsolidate a variable interest entity, or VIE;

• Application of The Dodd-Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act, or Dodd-Frank Act, through the supervisory authority of the Consumer Financial Protection Bureau, or CFPB, which has the authority to regulate consumer financial products such as education loans, and to take enforcement actions against institutions marketing and selling consumer financial products under its supervision, such as Union Federal, and institutions that act as service providers to originators and processers of education loans, such as FMD’s subsidiaries First Marblehead Education Resources, or FMER, and Cology LLC;

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• Applicable laws and regulations, which may affect the terms upon which lenders agree to make education loans, the terms of future portfolio funding transactions, including disclosure and risk retention requirements, recovery rates on defaulted education loans and the cost and complexity of our loan facilitation operations; and

• Departures or long-term unavailability of key personnel.

Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates

During the three months ended September 30, 2013, there were no significant changes in our critical accounting policies from those disclosed in Item 7 of Part II of our Annual Report under the heading “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations—Liquidity and Capital Resources—Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates.”

Results of Operations—Three Months Ended September 30, 2013 and 2012

Overall Results

The following table summarizes the results of our consolidated operations:

	Three months ended September 30,						Change between periods better (worse)
	2013			2012			2013 - 2012
	(dollars in thousands)
Revenues:
Net interest income:
Interest income	$	1,649		$	1,193		$	456
Interest expense		(387	)		(273	)		(114	)
Net interest income		1,262			920			342
(Provision) credit for loan losses		(174	)		74			(248	)
Net interest income after (provision) credit for loan losses		1,088			994			94
Non-interest revenues:
Tuition payment processing fees		7,948			7,424			524
Administrative and other fees		4,396			3,415			981
Fair value changes to service revenue receivables		445			838			(393	)
Total non-interest revenues		12,789			11,677			1,112
Total revenues		13,877			12,671			1,206
Total non-interest expenses		25,120			26,208			1,088
Loss from operations		(11,243	)		(13,537	)		2,294
Income tax expense		311			395			84
Net loss	$	(11,554	)	$	(13,932	)	$	2,378

The net loss for the three months ended September 30, 2013 was $11.6 million, or $(0.10) per common share, compared to a net loss of $13.9 million, or $(0.14) per common share, for the three months ended September 30, 2012. The improvement in the net loss quarter-over-quarter was primarily attributable to a $1.1 million increase in non-interest revenues and a $1.1 million decline in non-interest expenses during the three months ended September 30, 2013.

Net Interest Income after (Provision) Credit for Loan Losses

Net interest income after (provision) credit for loan losses for the three months ended September 30, 2013 increased by $94 thousand as compared to the three months ended September 30, 2012. The increase resulted from an improved net interest margin due to an increase in net interest income from higher-yielding investment securities and education loans held by Union Federal. The provision for loan losses increased by $248 thousand as compared to a credit provision for the three months ended September 30, 2012. The change in the provision reflects higher cash recoveries received during the three months ended September 30, 2012, as compared to the three months ended September 30, 2013 on previously defaulted education loans transferred by Union Federal to an indirect subsidiary of FMD in 2009 coupled with a larger education loan portfolio on Union Federal’s balance sheet at September 30, 2013.

Non-Interest Revenues

Non-interest revenues included tuition payment processing fees earned by TMS, fee-for-service revenues for loan processing and origination and program support and fees related to our Monogram platform, as well as fair value changes related to service revenue receivables.

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Non-interest revenues for the three months ended September 30, 2013 were $12.8 million, up $1.1 million from the three months ended September 30, 2012. The increase was due to the inclusion of $1.9 million of revenues from Cology LLC for loan processing, increased tuition management fees of $524 thousand and increased education loan fee income of $618 thousand. These increases were partially offset by $1.5 million in lower revenues from special servicing coupled with decreases in the accretion of our service revenue receivables of $393 thousand.

Fair value changes to service revenue receivables We record our service revenue receivables at fair value on our consolidated balance sheet. At September 30, 2013, our service revenue receivables consisted of additional structural advisory fees and residual receivables and represent the estimated fair value of our service revenue receivables expected to be collected over the life of the various separate securitization trusts that have purchased education loans facilitated by us, with no further service obligations on our part.

Changes in the estimated fair value of our service revenue receivables due, less any cash distributions received, are recorded in our consolidated statements of operations within fair value changes to service revenue receivables.

In the absence of market-based transactions, we use cash flow modeling techniques to derive an estimate of fair value for financial reporting purposes. Significant observable and unobservable inputs used to develop our fair value estimates include, but are not limited to, recovery, net default and prepayment rates, discount rates and the forward London Interbank Offered Rate, or LIBOR, curve. For additional information, see Note 9, “Fair Value Measurements,” in the notes to our unaudited consolidated financial statements included in Part I of this quarterly report.

Non-Interest Expenses

The following table reflects the composition of non-interest expenses:

	Three months ended September 30,				Change between periods better (worse)
	2013		2012		2013 - 2012
	(dollars in thousands)
Compensation and benefits	$	10,441	$	8,813	$	(1,628	)
General and administrative:
Third-party services		4,680		4,729		49
Depreciation and amortization		1,308		1,006		(302	)
Marketing		1,130		3,164		2,034
Occupancy and equipment		2,866		3,095		229
Servicer fees		202		168		(34	)
Merchant fees		2,612		2,234		(378	)
Trust-related special servicing expenses		—		1,264		1,264
Other		1,881		1,735		(146	)
Total general and administrative		14,679		17,395		2,716
Total non-interest expenses	$	25,120	$	26,208	$	1,088
Total number of employees at fiscal quarter-end		293		296		(3	)

Compensation and Benefits Compensation and benefits expenses for the three months ended September 30, 2013 and 2012 were $10.4 million and $8.8 million, respectively. The increase of $1.6 million for the three months ended September 30, 2013 as compared to the three months ended September 30, 2012 was primarily driven by $939 thousand in increased non-cash compensation related to restricted stock unit grants and $229 thousand in increased bonus expense during the three months ended September 30, 2013. Additional compensation expense related to Cology LLC was offset by reductions in headcount during the latter part of fiscal 2013.

General and Administrative General and administrative expenses for the three months ended September 30, 2013 decreased by $2.7 million, or 16%, when compared to the same period a year ago. The decrease was largely driven by a $2.0 million decline in marketing costs coupled with a $1.3 million decrease in trust-related special servicing expenses as a result of the cessation of our special servicing obligations for certain of the securitization trusts that we previously facilitated.

Income Taxes

We are subject to federal income tax, as well as income tax in multiple U.S. state and local jurisdictions. Our effective income tax rate is calculated on a consolidated basis. The IRS is auditing our tax returns for fiscal years 2007 through 2010. We also remain subject to federal income tax examinations for fiscal 2011 through fiscal 2013. In addition, we are involved in several matters relating to the Massachusetts tax treatment of GATE Holdings, Inc., which we refer to as GATE, a former subsidiary of FMD. See “—IRS Audit” below as well as Note 11, “Commitments and Contingencies—Income Tax Matters,” in the notes to our unaudited consolidated financial statements included in Part I of this quarterly report and Item 1, “Legal Proceedings,” included in Part II of this quarterly report for additional information regarding these matters.

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Our state income tax returns in jurisdictions other than Massachusetts remain subject to examination for various fiscal years ending between June 30, 2009 and June 30, 2013.

Income tax expense for the three months ended September 30, 2013 and 2012 was $311 thousand and $395 thousand, respectively, which included an interest accrual related to the ATB matter.

Beginning in fiscal 2011, we no longer had any taxable income in prior periods to offset current period net operating losses for federal income tax purposes. As a result, we recorded a net operating loss carryforward asset as of September 30, 2013 and June 30, 2013, totaling $48.7 million and $45.0 million, respectively, for which we recorded a full valuation allowance.

Under current law, we do not have remaining taxes paid within available net operating loss carryback periods, and it is more likely than not that our deferred tax assets will not be realized through future reversals of existing temporary differences or available tax planning strategies. Accordingly, we have determined that a valuation allowance was necessary for all of our deferred tax assets not scheduled to reverse against existing deferred tax liabilities as of September 30, 2013 and June 30, 2013. We will continue to review the recognition of deferred tax assets on a quarterly basis.

IRS Audit

Effective March 31, 2009, we completed the sale of the Trust Certificate. In connection with the sale of the Trust Certificate, FMD entered into an asset services agreement, which we refer to as the Asset Services Agreement, pursuant to which FMD provided various consulting and advisory services to the purchaser of the Trust Certificate. As a result of the sale of the Trust Certificate, as well as our operating losses incurred in fiscal 2009, we recorded an income tax receivable for federal income taxes paid on taxable income in prior fiscal years. In fiscal 2010, we received a total of $189.3 million in federal and state income tax refunds related to our income tax receivables. Furthermore, we received a federal income tax refund of $45.1 million in October 2010 related to the operating losses in fiscal 2010, which we applied to taxable income from fiscal 2008. In April 2010, the IRS commenced an audit of our tax returns for fiscal 2007 through fiscal 2009, including a review of the tax treatment of the sale of the Trust Certificate and the federal tax refunds previously received in the amount of $176.6 million. Such audits are consistent with the practice of the Joint Committee of Taxation, which requires the IRS to perform additional procedures for a taxpayer who receives a tax refund in excess of $2.0 million, which may include an audit of such taxpayer’s tax return. The IRS is also auditing our fiscal 2010 tax return in light of the $45.1 million income tax refund that we received in October 2010. We cannot predict the timing or outcome of the IRS audit.

We announced on August 15, 2013 that, as part of the audit process, we expected to receive a NOPA from the IRS. On September 10, 2013 we received two NOPAs from the IRS that contain the proposed adjustments that we announced on August 15, 2013. In the NOPAs, the IRS asserts that our sale of the Trust Certificate should not be recognized for federal income tax purposes primarily because we retained the economic benefits and burdens of the Trust Certificate, including, among other things, retaining certain repurchase rights and data rights. The IRS further concludes that the transaction should be characterized as a financing instead of a sale and asserts that the sale of the Trust Certificate and the execution of the Asset Services Agreement had the impact of converting taxable income to the owner from an accrual basis to a cash basis. As a result, the NOPAs propose to disallow the loss that generated the tax refunds that we previously received as well as require us to include income from the Trust Certificate from the March 31, 2009 sale date through June 30, 2011 in our taxable income for such years. If the IRS’ positions are successful, the disallowance of the loss, coupled with the additional taxable income after the sale date through June 30, 2011, would create federal income tax adjustments that we estimate to be approximately $300.0 million, excluding interest until such matter is resolved and the assessment of penalties, if any. The NOPAs do not address tax years beyond June 30, 2011.

The NOPAs are proposed recommendations of the reviewing agent in the IRS field office and, as such, are initial IRS positions and not final determinations, and, as a result, do not require any tax payment at the time of issuance. We have considered the requirements of Accounting Standards Codification, or ASC, 740,Income Taxes, or ASC 740, the impact of the NOPAs, along with other information supporting our overall tax position, in our assessment of the ultimate outcome of this matter with the IRS, and based on our analysis, we did not record an accrual related to this matter in our unaudited consolidated financial statements at September 30, 2013. Such an accrual, if it becomes necessary, could be significant and material to our consolidated financial statements.

We plan to vigorously contest the proposed adjustments, and we believe we have a strong position as it relates to this matter. The process of resolving this issue, which may include an appeals process with the IRS and litigation in the U.S. Tax Court and the U.S. Court of Appeals, may extend over multiple years depending on how it progresses through the IRS and, if necessary, the courts. Assuming this matter advances unresolved through the IRS’ administrative process and the courts, we are not required to make tax payments, if any, until the matter is fully resolved, which may be several years from now. However, if we receive an unfavorable outcome from the U.S. Tax Court and appeal, we must post a bond in order to prevent collection of the tax deficiency.

Financial Condition

Total assets increased $19.2 million, or 4.0%, to $491.5 million at September 30, 2013 from $472.3 million at June 30, 2013. Total stockholders’ equity decreased by $10.3 million, or 5.7%, to $169.1 million at September 30, 2013 from $179.3 million at June 30, 2013. The changes in our financial position from June 30, 2013 to September 30, 2013 are discussed in detail below.

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Cash, Cash Equivalents and Short-term Investments

We had combined cash, cash equivalents and short-term investments of $117.9 million and $137.1 million at September 30, 2013 and June 30, 2013, respectively. At September 30, 2013, FMD and its non-bank subsidiaries held $93.0 million in interest-bearing and non-interest-bearing deposits, money market funds and certificates of deposit with highly-rated financial institutions. Union Federal held a total of $24.9 million in interest-bearing and non-interest-bearing deposits and money market funds at September 30, 2013. Union Federal is subject to restrictions on the payment of dividends without prior approval from the Office of the Comptroller of the Currency, or the OCC.

The decrease of $19.2 million was primarily a result of $4.8 million related to net investments in available-for-sale securities, education loans and mortgage loans at Union Federal, $6.4 million to fund operations and $5.6 million in additional deposits for participation accounts. These uses were partially offset by net growth in deposits at Union Federal of $1.5 million.

Restricted Cash

At September 30, 2013, restricted cash on our consolidated balance sheets was $114.1 million, of which $111.6 million was held by TMS. Restricted cash at June 30, 2013 was $87.3 million, of which $86.7 million was held by TMS.

Restricted cash held by TMS represents tuition payments collected from students or their families on behalf of educational institutions. These cash balances are held in escrow under a trust agreement for the benefit of TMS’ educational institution clients and are generally subject to cyclicality, tending to peak in August of each school year, early in the enrollment cycle, and to decrease in May, the end of the school year. Over the last 12 months, TMS’ restricted cash balances ranged from a high of $327.0 million during August 2013 to a low of $38.8 million during May 2013. At times, TMS may deposit a portion of restricted cash in a deposit account at Union Federal. Such deposit is governed by a trust agreement between TMS and a third party trustee. Subject to the capital requirements and other laws, regulations, and restrictions applicable to Union Federal, the cash that is deposited with Union Federal in connection with the tuition payment plans is not restricted and, accordingly, would not be included in restricted cash in our consolidated financial statements. Union Federal did not hold any TMS funds at September 30, 2013 or June 30, 2013. Restricted cash held by Cology LLC represents loan origination proceeds and loan payments which it collects and disburses on behalf of its lender clients. Restricted cash held by our other subsidiaries relates to recoveries on defaulted education loans collected on behalf of clients as well as undistributed loan origination proceeds. We record a liability on our consolidated balance sheets representing tuition payments due to our TMS clients, loan origination proceeds and loan payments due to our Cology LLC clients and recoveries on defaulted education loans and education loan proceeds due to schools.

Investments Available-for-Sale

Investments classified as available-for-sale are reported at fair value at our consolidated balance sheet date. Our investment portfolio provides a source of short-term liquidity. Investments available-for-sale principally consisted of mortgage-backed federal agency securities held by Union Federal at both September 30, 2013 and June 30, 2013. The investments available-for-sale decreased by $4.5 million from $84.8 million at June 30, 2013 to $80.3 million at September 30, 2013 due to principal repayments received during the three month period ended September 30, 2013. The portfolio had generated net unrealized losses of $759 thousand and $742 thousand at September 30, 2013 and June 30, 2013, respectively, which was recognized in other comprehensive (loss) income, a component of stockholders’ equity.

See Note 5, “Investments Available-for-Sale,” in the notes to our unaudited consolidated financial statements included in Part I of this quarterly report for additional information.

Loans

At September 30, 2013 and June 30, 2013, we classified all education loans and substantially all mortgage loans as held-to-maturity. The net carrying value of loans consisted of the following, as of the dates indicated:

	September 30, 2013		June 30, 2013
	(dollars in thousands)
Education loans held-to-maturity, net	$	70,436	$	62,996
Mortgage loans held-to-maturity, net		14,239		12,629

See Note 6, “Education Loans Held-to-Maturity” and Note 7, “Mortgage Loans Held-to-Maturity,” in the notes to our unaudited consolidated financial statements included in Part I of this quarterly report for additional information.

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Allowance for Education Loan Losses

The following is a roll forward of the net carrying value of education loans held-to-maturity:

	Three months ended September 30,
	2013									2012
	Gross loans outstanding			Allowance for loan losses			Net carrying value			Gross loans outstanding			Allowance for loan losses			Net carrying value
	(dollars in thousands)
Balance, beginning of period	$	64,655		$	(1,659	)	$	62,996		$	34,404		$	(1,309	)	$	33,095
Disbursements of principal to borrowers		8,722			—			8,722			12,925			—			12,925
Principal receipts from borrowers		(1,190	)		—			(1,190	)		(794	)		—			(794	)
Interest capitalized on loans in deferment and forbearance		42			—			42			17			—			17
(Provision) credit for loan losses		—			(134	)		(134	)		—			131			131
Reserves reclassified from interest receivable for capitalized interest		7			(7	)		—			15			(15	)		—
Net charge-offs:
Charge-offs		(117	)		117			—			(18	)		18			—
Recoveries from borrowers		16			(16	)		—			185			(185	)		—
Net charge-offs		(101	)		101			—			167			(167	)		—
Balance, end of period	$	72,135		$	(1,699	)	$	70,436		$	46,734		$	(1,360	)	$	45,374

To estimate the allowance for loan losses on our newly originated Monogram-based loan portfolio, we utilized specific default and recovery rates projected for our Monogram-based loan portfolio over the 12-month loss confirmation period. Our default experience with this loan portfolio is limited by the seasoning of the portfolio; however, we have utilized our historical database and experience in projecting the level of defaults and recoveries of our Monogram-based loan portfolio relying in part on historical results from our securitization trusts that we previously facilitated for loans that have similar credit characteristics to those in our Monogram-based loan portfolio.

At September 30, 2013 and June 30, 2013, there were $136 thousand and $189 thousand, respectively, of education loans that were in non-accrual status and no education loans that had specific reserves. These loans included $56 thousand and $54 thousand, at September 30, 2013 and June 30, 2013, respectively, of loans that were transferred by Union Federal to an indirect subsidiary of FMD in 2009, prior to the launch of our Monogram platform. For loans greater than 180 days past due, but not yet charged-off, our policy is to evaluate the loans under ASC 310,Receivables, for a specific reserve. At September 30, 2013, there were $17 thousand of education loans that were greater than 180 days past due, which were all Monogram-based education loans issued through Union Federal. These loans were charged-off in October 2013.

Loans which were transferred by Union Federal to an indirect subsidiary of FMD in 2009, prior to the launch of our Monogram platform, were fully reserved for at September 30, 2013 and June 20, 2013.

See Note 6, “Education Loans Held-to-Maturity,” in the notes to our unaudited consolidated financial statements included in Part I of this quarterly report for additional information.

Allowance for Mortgage Loan Losses

Through our bank subsidiary, Union Federal, we carry a portfolio of mortgage loans held-to-maturity. We establish a general allowance for loan losses for mortgage loans that have similar risk profiles. The allowance allocation factor for the general reserve is based on the historical net charge-off rate, which is then adjusted for current qualitative or environmental factors that are probable to cause estimated credit losses associated with the existing portfolio to differ from historical loss experience. Management considers the risk factors and assesses the impact of current issues and changes in those factors to the portfolio on an ongoing basis. In addition, we establish a specific allowance for loan losses when a loan is deemed to be impaired. Management estimates the credit loss by comparing the loan’s carrying value against either (1) the present value of the expected future cash flows discounted at the loan’s effective interest rate; (2) the loan’s observable market price or (3) the expected realizable fair value of the collateral, in the case of collateral dependent loans. A specific allowance is assigned to the impaired loan for the amount of estimated credit loss. Impaired loans are charged off, in whole or in part, when management believes that the recorded investment in the loan is uncollectible.

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The following table summarizes the activity in the allowance for loan losses for mortgage loans:

	Three months ended September 30,
	2013		2012
	(dollars in thousands)
Balance, beginning of period	$	440	$	498
Provision for loan losses		40		58
Net charge-offs		—		—
Balance, end of period	$	480	$	556

See Note 7, “Mortgage Loans Held-to-Maturity,” in the notes to our unaudited consolidated financial statements included in Part I of this quarterly report for additional information.

Deposits for Participation Interest Accounts

We record deposits for participation accounts at fair value on our consolidated balance sheets. Deposits for participation accounts increased by $5.6 million in the three months ended September 30, 2013 compared to the three months ended June 30, 2013, primarily due to increased funding for fiscal 2014 education loan volume.

See Note 8, “Deposits for Participation Interest Accounts,” in the notes to our unaudited consolidated financial statements included in Part I of this quarterly report for additional information.

Goodwill and Intangible Assets

Goodwill represents the excess of the cost of an acquisition over the fair value of the net tangible and other intangible assets acquired. Other intangible assets represent purchased assets that can be distinguished from goodwill because of contractual rights or because the assets can be exchanged on its own or in combination with a related contract, asset or liability. In connection with our acquisition of assets from TMS and the Cology Sellers, we recorded other intangible assets related to the TMS customer list and tradename and the Cology Sellers customer list, each of which we amortize on a straight-line basis over 15 years, and TMS technology, which we amortize on a straight-line basis over six years. We record amortization expense in general and administrative expenses in our consolidated statements of operations.

As it relates to TMS, the customer list intangible asset is related to educational institutions with which TMS had existing tuition programs in place as of December 31, 2010. The trade name intangible asset relates to the name and reputation of TMS in the tuition payment industry. Intangible assets attributable to technology represented the replacement cost of software and systems acquired that are necessary to support operations, net of an obsolescence factor. Goodwill represents the value ascribed to the acquisition of TMS that cannot be separately ascribed to a tangible or intangible asset.

As it relates to Cology LLC, the customer list intangible asset is related to lender clients, including credit unions, banks and schools, with which the Cology Sellers had existing loan origination and servicing programs in place as of October 19, 2012, the closing date of the acquisition. Goodwill represents the value ascribed to the acquisition of a substantial portion of the operating assets of the Cology Sellers that cannot be separately ascribed to a tangible or intangible asset.

In fiscal 2013, we evaluated our goodwill for impairment on May 31, which is our annual impairment testing date, and concluded that the fair market values of the TMS and Cology LLC reporting units were approximately 40% and 15%, respectively, in excess of our recorded book value and, therefore, were not impaired as of that date. In determining whether impairment exists, we assess impairment at the level of the TMS and Cology LLC reporting units. There have been no indicators of impairment since that date.

Various assumptions go into our assessment of whether there is any goodwill impairment to be recorded. The more meaningful assumptions that contribute to the cash flow model used to determine the fair value of the TMS reporting unit include the net retention rate of new and existing clients, the penetration rate achieved in the overall customer portfolio, adoption of refund management and Student Account Center products and pricing, the level of interest income to be earned by TMS on funds received but not yet disbursed to client schools, including the forward LIBOR curve, the level of cash balances and the applicable hold periods, all of which impact net interest income, expense levels at TMS and the discount rate used to determine the present value of the cash flow streams. TMS’ business would be adversely affected if any of the following were to occur: higher attrition rates than planned as a result of the competitive environment or our inability to provide products and services that are competitive in the marketplace, lower-than-planned adoption rates of refund management and Student Account Center products, higher-than-expected expense levels to provide services to TMS’ clients, a lower interest rate environment than depicted by the LIBOR curve, shorter hold periods or lower cash balances than contemplated, which would reduce our overall net interest income opportunity for cash that is held by us on behalf of TMS’ school clients, increases in equity returns required by investors and changes in our business model that may impact one or more of these variables. The more meaningful assumptions that contribute to the cash flow model used to determine the fair value of the Cology LLC reporting unit include loan volume growth, revenues related to the cross-selling of Monogram-based products and services, client attrition, costs required to support the assumed volume of the business, and discount rates. Cology LLC’s business would be adversely affected if any of the following were to occur: higher attrition rates than planned, a lack of acceptance of Monogram products and services by its credit union and other lender clients, higher-than-expected expense levels to provide services to Cology LLC clients and changes in our business model that may impact one or more of these variables.

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At September 30, 2013, our net intangible assets balance was $23.6 million, of which $18.2 million related to TMS and $5.3 million related to Cology LLC. During the three months ended September 30, 2013, we recorded amortization expense of $484 thousand related to TMS and $94 thousand related to Cology LLC.

Contractual Obligations

Our consolidated contractual obligations consist of commitments under operating leases. At September 30, 2013, there were no material changes from the contractual obligations disclosed under Item 7 of Part II of our Annual Report under the heading “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations—Financial Condition—Contractual Obligations.”

Total Stockholders’ Equity

Total stockholders’ equity decreased from $179.3 million at June 30, 2013 to $169.1 million at September 30, 2013 as a result of our net loss of $11.6 million, partially offset by an increase of $2.0 million in additional paid-in capital for stock compensation.

Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements

We offer outsourcing services in connection with education loan programs, from program design through securitization of the education loans. We have historically structured and facilitated the securitization of education loans for our clients through a series of special purpose trusts.

The principal uses of the securitization trusts we facilitated have been to generate sources of liquidity for our clients’ and Union Federal’s assets sold into such trusts and make available more funds to students and colleges. See Note 2, “Summary of Significant Accounting Policies—Consolidation,” in the notes to our consolidated financial statements included in Item 8 of Part II of our Annual Report for a discussion of our determination to not consolidate these securitization trusts.

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Consolidated Average Balance Sheet

The following tables reflect our consolidated average balance sheet, net interest income and yields earned and paid on interest-earning assets and interest-bearing liabilities:

	Three months ended September 30,
	2013								2012
	Average Balance			Interest		Average Yield			Average Balance			Interest		Average Yield
	(dollars in thousands)
Assets:
Interest-bearing cash and cash equivalents	$	72,860		$	37		0.20	%	$	128,380		$	53		0.16	%
Short-term investments		52,581			46		0.34			69,239			102		0.59
Interest-bearing restricted cash		12,896			4		0.14			21,372			22		0.40
Investments available-for-sale		83,506			397		1.90			69,823			348		1.99
Education loans held-to-maturity		66,316			1,037		6.20			37,610			590		6.22
Mortgage loans held-to-maturity		13,565			128		3.76			8,720			78		3.59
Total interest-earning assets		301,724			1,649		2.17			335,144			1,193		1.41
Non-interest-bearing cash		1,639								1,191
Allowance for loan losses and lower of cost or fair value adjustments		(2,069	)							(1,947	)
Other assets		225,567								173,074
Total assets	$	526,861							$	507,462
Liabilities:
Time and savings account deposits	$	40,495		$	101		0.99	%	$	48,891		$	125		1.02	%
Money market account deposits		123,467			271		0.87			40,046			108		1.07
Other interest-bearing liabilities		952			15		6.19			2,607			40		6.10
Total interest-bearing liabilities		164,914			387		0.93			91,544			273		1.18
All other liabilities		188,153								195,838
Total liabilities		353,067								287,382
Stockholders’ equity		173,794								220,080
Total liabilities and stockholders’ equity	$	526,861							$	507,462
Total interest-earning assets	$	301,724							$	335,144
Net interest income				$	1,262							$	920
Net interest margin							1.66	%							1.09	%

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Analysis of changes in net interest income

	Change between periods for three months ended September 30,
	2013 - 2012
	Due to change in
	Volume			Rate			Net change
	(dollars in thousands)
Interest-bearing cash and cash equivalents	$	(29	)	$	13		$	(16	)
Short-term investments		(14	)		(42	)		(56	)
Interest-bearing restricted cash		(3	)		(15	)		(18	)
Investments available-for-sale		65			(16	)		49
Education loans held-to-maturity		449			(2	)		447
Mortgage loans held-to-maturity		46			4			50
Total interest income								456
Time and savings account deposits		(20	)		(4	)		(24	)
Money market account deposits		183			(20	)		163
Other interest-bearing liabilities		(26	)		1			(25	)
Total interest expense								114
Net increase in net interest income							$	342

Liquidity and Capital Resources

Sources and Uses of Cash

The following is a discussion of the sources and uses of cash on a U.S. generally accepted accounting principles, or GAAP, basis as presented in our consolidated statements of cash flows included in our unaudited consolidated financial statements included in Part I of this quarterly report. We also use a non-GAAP financial metric, “net operating cash usage,” when evaluating our cash and liquidity position, discussed below under “—Non-GAAP Measure: Net Operating Cash Usage.”

Net cash used in operating activities for the three months ended September 30, 2013 was $14.8 million, compared with net cash used in operating activities of $19.9 million for the three months ended September 30, 2012. The $5.1 million decrease in cash used was principally the result of a $2.4 million lower net loss coupled with an overall reduction of $2.3 million in accounts payable funding as compared to the three months ended September 30, 2012.

We anticipate continuing to receive fees related to loan processing and origination and portfolio management services as well as fees related to Monogram-based loan programs. We believe that significant cash, cash equivalents and investments, coupled with the management of our expenses and these fees, will be adequate to fund our operating losses in the short term as we seek to expand our client and revenue base over the short and long term. We are uncertain, however, as to whether we will be successful in selling our Monogram platform to additional lenders or how much loan volume may be originated by current or any additional lenders in the future.

Net cash used in investing activities for the three months ended September 30, 2013 was $257 thousand, compared with net cash provided by investing activities of $6.1 million for the three months ended September 30, 2012. The decrease of $6.4 million was primarily due to a $20.0 million decline in proceeds from maturities of short-term investments partially offset by a $13.8 million decrease in net investments in available-for-sale securities, educations loans and mortgage loans held by Union Federal.

Net cash provided by financing activities was $835 thousand for the three months ended September 30, 2013 compared to net cash provided by financing activities of $17.1 million for the three months ended September 30, 2012, primarily due to $15.7 million in decreased deposit growth for the three months ended September 30, 2013 as compared to the three months ended September 30, 2012.

The OCC regulates all capital distributions by Union Federal directly or indirectly to us, including dividend payments. Union Federal is required to file a notice with the OCC at least 30 days before the proposed declaration of a dividend or approval of a proposed capital distribution by Union Federal’s Board of Directors. Union Federal must file an application to receive the approval of the OCC for a proposed capital distribution when, among other circumstances, the total amount of all capital distributions (including the proposed capital distribution) for the applicable calendar year exceeds net income for that year to date plus the retained net income for the preceding two years.

A notice or application to make a capital distribution by Union Federal may be disapproved or denied by the OCC if it determines that, after making the capital distribution, Union Federal would fail to meet minimum required capital levels or if the capital distribution raises safety or soundness concerns or is otherwise restricted by statute, regulation or agreement between Union Federal and the OCC or a condition imposed by an OCC agreement. Under the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation Improvement Act, or

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FDICIA, a Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation, or FDIC, insured depository institution such as Union Federal is prohibited from making capital distributions, including the payment of dividends, if, after making such distribution, the institution would become “undercapitalized” (as such term is used in the FDICIA).

Sources and Uses of Liquidity

We expect to fund our short-term liquidity requirements primarily through cash and cash equivalents and revenues from operations, and we expect to fund our long-term liquidity requirements through a combination of revenues from operations and various financing vehicles available to us. We may also utilize issuances of common stock, promissory notes or other securities or the potential sale of certain assets of FMD. We expect to assess our financing alternatives periodically and access the capital markets opportunistically. If our existing resources are insufficient to satisfy our liquidity requirements, or if we were to enter into a strategic arrangement with another company, we may need to sell additional equity or debt securities. Any sale of additional equity or convertible debt securities may result in additional dilution to our stockholders, and we cannot be certain that additional public or private financing will be available in amounts or on terms acceptable to us, if at all. If we are unable to obtain this additional financing, we may be required to further delay, reduce the scope of or eliminate one or more aspects of our operational activities, which could harm our business.

Our liquidity and capital funding requirements may depend on a number of factors, including:

• Cash necessary to fund our operations, including the operations of Union Federal, TMS and Cology LLC, and capital expenditures;

• The extent to which our services and products, including our Monogram platform, TMS offerings and Cology LLC offerings, gain market share and remain competitive at pricing levels favorable to us;

• The results of the audit conducted by the IRS of our tax returns for fiscal 2007 through fiscal 2010, which could result in challenges to tax refunds previously received in the amounts of $176.6 million in connection with our sale of the Trust Certificate and the $45.1 million income tax refund received in October 2010. In connection with the IRS audit, on September 10, 2013, we received two NOPAs from the IRS that contain the proposed adjustments that we announced on August 15, 2013. The NOPAs propose to disallow the loss that generated the tax refunds that we previously received as well as require us to include income from the Trust Certificate from the March 31, 2009 sale date through June 30, 2011 in our taxable income for such years. If the IRS’ positions are successful, the disallowance of the loss, coupled with the additional taxable income after the sale date through June 30, 2011, would create federal income tax adjustments that we estimate to be approximately $300.0 million, excluding interest until such matter is resolved and the assessment of penalties, if any;

• The profitability of our Monogram platform, which is dependent on, among other things, the amount of loan volume our lender clients are able to generate and costs incurred to acquire such volume;

• The extent to which we fund credit enhancement arrangements or contribute to credit facility providers in connection with our Monogram platform;

• The ability to effectively and efficiently manage our expense base;

• The ability to access wholesale financing opportunities within Union Federal to help meet the liquidity needs generated by Monogram-based loans;

• The regulatory capital requirements applicable to Union Federal (see “—Support of Subsidiary Bank” below for additional information) as well as any capital contributions or credit enhancements FMD may make to Union Federal;

• The resolution of our appeal of the ATB Order, which could also affect our state tax liabilities for fiscal 2008 and fiscal 2009; and

• The timing, size, structure and terms of any securitization or other funding transactions that we structure, as well as the composition of the loan pool being securitized.

Liquidity is required for capital expenditures, working capital, business development expenses, business acquisitions, income tax payments, costs associated with alternative financing transactions, general corporate expenses, capital provided in connection with Monogram-based loan program credit enhancement arrangements or capital markets transactions and maintaining the regulatory capital of Union Federal. In order to preserve capital and maximize liquidity in challenging market conditions, we have in the past taken certain broad measures to reduce the risk related to education loans and residual receivables on our consolidated balance sheet, change our fee structure, add new products and reduce our overhead expenses. In addition, the FMD Board of Directors has eliminated regular quarterly cash dividends for the foreseeable future.

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Deposits

Union Federal has liabilities for retail time, money market and savings deposits accounts. The following table summarizes Union Federal’s time deposits greater than $100 thousand by maturity at September 30, 2013:

	(dollars in thousands)
Within three months	$	2,958
Three to six months		2,297
Six months to twelve months		3,573
Greater than twelve months		5,275
Total time deposits >$100 thousand	$	14,103

The maturities of these deposits are not directly indicative of the future timing of cash needed for financing activities because they do not take into account the customers that may reinvest their funds into new time deposits or into other types of deposit accounts.

Restricted Funds Due to Clients

As part of our operations, we have cash that is recorded as restricted cash on our consolidated balance sheets because it is deposited with third party institutions and not available for our use. Included in restricted cash on our consolidated balance sheets are tuition payments due to schools, undisbursed loan origination proceeds and loan payments and recoveries on defaulted education loans. We record a liability on our consolidated balance sheets representing tuition payments due to our TMS clients, loan origination proceeds and loan payments due to our Cology LLC clients and recoveries on defaulted education loans and education loan proceeds due to schools.

Line of Credit

At September 30, 2013, through Union Federal, we had $78.8 million available for borrowing under an unused line of credit with the Federal Home Loan Bank of Boston. There were no borrowings outstanding under this line of credit at September 30, 2013 or June 30, 2013.

Non-GAAP Measure: Net Operating Cash Usage

In addition to providing financial measurements based on GAAP, we present below an additional financial metric that we refer to as “net operating cash usage” that was not prepared in accordance with GAAP. We define “net operating cash usage” to approximate cash requirements to fund our operations. “Net operating cash usage” is not directly comparable to our consolidated statements of cash flows prepared in accordance with GAAP. Legislative and regulatory guidance discourage the use of, and emphasis on, non-GAAP financial metrics and require companies to explain why a non-GAAP financial metric is relevant to management and investors.

Management and the FMD Board of Directors use this non-GAAP financial metric, in addition to GAAP financial measures, as a basis for measuring and forecasting our core operating performance and comparing such performance to that of prior periods. This non-GAAP financial measure is also used by us in our financial and operational decision-making.

We believe that the inclusion of this non-GAAP financial metric helps investors to gain a better understanding of our results, including our non-interest expenses and liquidity position. In addition, our presentation of this non-GAAP financial measure is consistent with how we expect that analysts may calculate their estimates of our financial results in their research reports and with how clients, investors, analysts and financial news media may evaluate our financial results.

There are limitations associated with reliance on any non-GAAP financial measure because any such measure is specific to our operations and financial performance, which makes comparisons with other companies’ financial results more challenging. Nevertheless, by providing both GAAP and non-GAAP financial measures, we believe that investors are able to compare our GAAP results to those of other companies, while also gaining a better understanding of our operating performance, consistent with management’s evaluation.

“Net operating cash usage” should be considered in addition to, and not as a substitute for, or superior to, financial information prepared in accordance with GAAP. “Net operating cash usage” excludes the effects of income taxes, acquisitions or divestitures, participation account net fundings and changes in other assets and other liabilities that are solely related to short-term timing of cash payments or receipts.

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In accordance with the requirements of Regulation G promulgated by the SEC, the table below presents the most directly comparable GAAP financial measure, loss from operations for the three months ended September 30, 2013 and 2012 and reconciles the GAAP measure to the comparable non-GAAP financial metric:

	Three months ended September 30,
	2013			2012
	(dollars in thousands)
Loss from operations	$	(11,243	)	$	(13,537	)
Adjustments to loss from operations:
Fair value changes to service revenue receivables		(445	)		(838	)
Cash distributions from service revenue receivables		1,349			1,112
Depreciation and amortization		1,308			1,006
Stock-based compensation		1,988			1,068
Change in TMS deferred revenue		1,506			1,458
Additions to property and equipment		(671	)		(860	)
Other		(219	)		(247	)
Non-GAAP net operating cash usage	$	(6,427	)	$	(10,838	)

“Net operating cash usage” for the three months ended September 30, 2013 improved by $4.4 million, or 41%, compared to the three months ended September 30, 2012. The decrease of $4.4 million for the three months ended September 30, 2013 as compared to the three months ended September 30, 2012 was largely the result of a decrease in non-interest cash expenses of $2.3 million driven principally by decreases of $3.0 million in general and administrative expenses offset by increases of $700 thousand in cash based compensation and benefits expenses. The decline in general and administrative expenses was largely due to a decrease of $2.0 million in marketing costs coupled with a $1.3 million decrease in the trust-related special servicing expenses as a result of the cessation of our special servicing obligations for certain securitization trusts previously facilitated by us.

Support of Subsidiary Bank

Union Federal is a federally-chartered thrift that is subject to various regulatory capital requirements administered by the federal banking agencies. Failure to meet minimum capital requirements can result in initiation of certain mandatory and possibly additional discretionary actions by the regulators that, if undertaken, could have a direct material effect on our liquidity. Under capital adequacy guidelines and the regulatory framework for prompt corrective action, Union Federal must meet specific capital guidelines that involve quantitative measures of Union Federal’s assets and liabilities as calculated under regulatory accounting practices. The capital amounts and classifications, however, are also subject to qualitative judgments by the regulators about components, risk weightings and other factors.

Union Federal’s equity capital was $22.5 million at September 30, 2013, up from $21.6 million at June 30, 2013. FMD made capital contributions of $450 thousand to Union Federal during the three months ended September 30, 2013. Quantitative measures established by regulation to ensure capital adequacy require Union Federal to maintain minimum amounts and ratios of total capital and Tier 1 capital to risk-weighted assets (each as defined in the regulations). As of September 30, 2013 and June 30, 2013, Union Federal was well capitalized under the regulatory framework for prompt corrective action.

Union Federal’s regulatory capital ratios were as follows as of the dates below:

	Regulatory Guidelines
	Minimum			Well Capitalized			September 30, 2013			June 30, 2013
Capital ratios:
Tier 1 risk-based capital		4.0	%		6.0	%		24.2	%		25.2	%
Total risk-based capital		8.0			10.0			25.0			26.0
Tier 1 (core) capital		4.0			5.0			12.0			11.7

FMD is subject to regulation, supervision and examination by the Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System, or the Federal Reserve, as a savings and loan holding company, and Union Federal is subject to regulation, supervision and examination by the OCC.

In March 2010, the FMD Board of Directors adopted resolutions required by the U.S. Office of Thrift Supervision, or OTS, Union Federal’s regulator at that time, undertaking to support the implementation by Union Federal of its business plan, so long as Union Federal is owned or controlled by FMD, and to notify the OTS (and now the OCC effective in fiscal 2012) in advance of any distribution to FMD’s stockholders in excess of $1.0 million per fiscal quarter and any incurrence or guarantee of debt in excess of $5.0 million. These resolutions continue to be applied by the Federal Reserve. Distribution to FMD’s stockholders may be further restricted by the Federal Reserve’s required approval in those instances when such distributions exceed the net earnings of the prior 12-month period.

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Item 3. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk

Interest rate risk is the primary market risk associated with our operations. Management monitors liquidity and interest rate risk matters. These matters are discussed with the FMD Board of Directors and the Union Federal Board of Directors, as applicable. Interest rate risk is the risk of loss to future earnings due to changes in interest rates. Interest rate risk applies to all of our interest-bearing assets and liabilities, as well as service revenue receivables and the deposits for participation accounts.

Our risk-based interest-bearing assets are largely made up of our investments available-for-sale, education loans and mortgage loans. The mix of fixed-rate versus variable-rate instruments for our investments available-for-sale and loan portfolios as of September 30, 2013 are presented in the table below:

September 30, 2013	Amount		Variable		% Variable			Fixed		% Fixed
	(dollars in thousands)
Investments available-for-sale	$	80,311	$	15,944		19.9	%	$	64,367		80.1	%
Education loans held-to-maturity		70,436		70,436		100.0			—		—
Mortgage loans held-to-maturity		14,239		3,431		24.1			10,808		75.9
	$	164,986	$	89,811		54.4	%	$	75,175		45.6	%

As shown above, at September 30, 2013, our education loan portfolio consisted entirely of variable-rate loans that generally reprice in accordance with LIBOR. Additionally, approximately 20% of our investments available-for-sale and approximately 24% of our mortgage loan portfolio were also variable-rate instruments. As market rates increase or decrease, our variable-rate interest-bearing assets are likely to be immediately impacted while our interest-bearing liabilities would be slower to reprice. The balance of the interest-bearing assets in the table above were fixed-rate instruments. Of these fixed-rate instruments, approximately 86% were available-for-sale securities, which had a weighted average life of 4.3 years. In addition to the interest-bearing assets in the table above, our interest-bearing assets included short-term investments of $50.2 million at September 30, 2013, which consisted of fixed-rate certificates of deposit that have maturities of less than one year.

Our interest-bearing liabilities consisted of customer deposits held at Union Federal, totaling $165.5 million at September 30, 2013. Of these deposits, approximately 81% were comprised of demand deposits, including savings deposits and money market deposits, which are generally subject to daily repricing. The remaining approximately 19% of customer deposits represented fixed-rate time deposits, of which approximately 28% had maturities in excess of 12 months from September 30, 2013.

Deposit pricing is subject to regular examination by a committee of senior managers from Union Federal and FMD’s Finance and Governance, Risk and Compliance Departments. The committee considers competitors’ pricing, inflows and outflows of deposit balances and Union Federal’s funding requirements to make pricing decisions in order to attain the desired volume of deposits in each given duration and product type.

Our investment decisions with respect to the interest rate characteristics of our interest-bearing assets are driven by the nature, volume and duration of our interest-bearing liabilities. Generally, our interest-bearing liabilities are either variable-rate instruments or are of a short duration, as discussed above. Accordingly, we generally seek to invest in interest-bearing assets that are subject to frequent repricing or are of limited duration. As noted above, approximately 24% of Union Federal’s mortgage loans, approximately 20% of its available-for-sale securities and all of its education loans had variable interest rates at September 30, 2013. Although these variable interest rate assets generally reprice more frequently and have longer duration than our deposits, interest rate risk with respect to net interest revenues is mitigated by similarities in the interest rate and market risks underlying loan and deposit pricing. We invest our excess cash primarily in money market funds, federal funds sold, time deposits with original maturities of less than one year and U.S. federal agency mortgage-backed securities.

Management regularly reviews a wide variety of interest rate shift scenario results in order to evaluate interest rate risk exposure, including scenarios showing the effect of steepening or flattening changes in the yield curve. The changes contemplated in these interest rate scenarios would result in immaterial changes to our overall results, largely as a result of a high percentage of assets that possess variable interest rates. Further, increases in interest rates may have an adverse impact on our consolidated balance sheets as the fixed-rate portion of our investments available-for-sale portfolio could continue to experience unrealized losses. Interest rate risk is mitigated with respect to our investments available-for-sale portfolio due to the largely variable-rate nature of our other interest-bearing assets and liabilities and the short duration of the portfolio.

We use current market interest rates and our expectations of future interest rates to estimate the fair value of our service revenue receivables. We believe that this approach adequately reflects the interest rate risk inherent in those estimates.

Item 4. Controls and Procedures

Our management, with the participation of FMD’s Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer (our principal executive officer and principal financial officer, respectively), evaluated the effectiveness of our disclosure controls and procedures as of September 30, 2013. The term “disclosure controls and procedures,” as defined in Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e) under the Exchange Act, means controls and other procedures of a company that are designed to ensure that information required to be disclosed by the

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company in the reports that it files or submits under the Exchange Act is recorded, processed, summarized and reported, within the time periods specified in the rules and forms of the SEC. Disclosure controls and procedures include, without limitation, controls and procedures designed to ensure that information required to be disclosed by a company in the reports that it files or submits under the Exchange Act is accumulated and communicated to the company’s management, including its principal executive and principal financial officers, as appropriate, to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure. Management recognizes that any controls and procedures, no matter how well designed and operated, can provide only reasonable assurance of achieving their objectives and management necessarily applies its judgment in evaluating the cost-benefit relationship of possible controls and procedures. Based on the evaluation of our disclosure controls and procedures as of September 30, 2013, FMD’s Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer concluded that, as of such date, our disclosure controls and procedures were effective at the reasonable assurance level.

No changes in our internal control over financial reporting, as defined in Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f) under the Exchange Act, occurred during the fiscal quarter ended September 30, 2013 that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting.

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Part II. Other Information

Item 1. Legal Proceedings.

Internal Revenue Service Audit

Effective March 31, 2009, we completed the sale of the Trust Certificate. In connection with the sale of the Trust Certificate, FMD entered into the Asset Services Agreement pursuant to which FMD provided various consulting and advisory services to the purchaser of the Trust Certificate. As a result of the sale of the Trust Certificate, as well as our operating losses incurred in fiscal 2009, we recorded an income tax receivable for federal income taxes paid on taxable income in prior fiscal years. In fiscal 2010, we received a total of $189.3 million in federal and state income tax refunds related to our income tax receivables. In April 2010, the IRS commenced an audit of our tax returns for fiscal 2007 through fiscal 2009, including a review of the tax treatment of the sale of the Trust Certificate and the federal tax refunds previously received in the amount of $176.6 million. Such audits are consistent with the practice of the Joint Committee of Taxation, which requires the IRS to perform additional procedures for a taxpayer who receives a tax refund in excess of $2.0 million, which may include an audit of such taxpayer’s tax return. The IRS is also auditing our fiscal 2010 tax return in light of the $45.1 million income tax refund that we received in October 2010. We cannot predict the timing or outcome of the IRS audit.

We announced on August 15, 2013 that, as part of the audit process, we expected to receive a NOPA from the IRS. On September 10, 2013 we received two NOPAs from the IRS that contain the proposed adjustments that we announced on August 15, 2013. In the NOPAs, the IRS asserts that our sale of the Trust Certificate should not be recognized for federal income tax purposes primarily because we retained the economic benefits and burdens of the Trust Certificate, including, among other things, retaining certain repurchase rights and data rights. The IRS further concludes that the transaction should be characterized as a financing instead of a sale and asserts that the sale of the Trust Certificate and the execution of the Asset Services Agreement had the impact of converting taxable income to the owner from an accrual basis to a cash basis. As a result, the NOPAs propose to disallow the loss that generated the tax refunds that we previously received as well as require us to include income from the Trust Certificate from the March 31, 2009 sale date through June 30, 2011 in our taxable income for such years. If the IRS’ positions are successful, the disallowance of the loss, coupled with the additional taxable income after the sale date through June 30, 2011, would create federal income tax adjustments that we estimate to be approximately $300.0 million, excluding interest until such matter is resolved and the assessment of penalties, if any. The NOPAs do not address tax years beyond June 30, 2011. The NOPAs are only initial IRS positions and not final determinations and, as a result, do not require any tax payment at this time.

The determination of whether or not to accrue a liability, if any, requires a significant amount of judgment and entails, by necessity, the need to incorporate estimates. We have considered the requirements of ASC 740, the impact of the NOPAs, along with other information supporting our overall tax position, in our assessment of the ultimate outcome of this matter with the IRS, and based on our analysis, we did not record an accrual related to this matter in our unaudited consolidated financial statements at September 30, 2013. Such an accrual, if it becomes necessary, could be significant and material to our consolidated financial statements.

We plan to vigorously contest the proposed adjustments, and we believe we have a strong position as it relates to this matter. The process of resolving this issue, which may include an appeals process with the IRS and litigation in the U.S. Tax Court and the U.S. Court of Appeals, may extend over multiple years depending on how it progresses through the IRS and, if necessary, the courts. Assuming this matter advances unresolved through the IRS’ administrative process and the courts, we are not required to make tax payments, if any, until the matter is fully resolved, which may be several years from now. However, if we receive an unfavorable outcome from the U.S. Tax Court and appeal, we must post a bond in order to prevent collection of the tax deficiency.

The ongoing IRS audit or any other investigation, audit, appeals proceeding or suit relating to the sale of the Trust Certificate could result in substantial costs. A state taxing authority could also challenge our tax position in connection with the transactions, notwithstanding our receipt of any income tax refund.

See “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations—Results of Operations—Three Months Ended September 30, 2013 and 2012—Overall Results—IRS Audit” included in Item 2 of Part I of this quarterly report for additional information.

Massachusetts Appellate Tax Board Matters

We are involved in several matters relating to the Massachusetts tax treatment of GATE, a former subsidiary of FMD, includingThe First Marblehead Corp. v. Commissioner of Revenue, ATB Docket No. C293487, which was instituted on September 5, 2007;GATE Holdings, Inc. v. Commissioner of Revenue, ATB Docket No. C305217, which was instituted on March 16, 2010;The First Marblehead Corp. v. Commissioner of Revenue, ATB Docket No. C305241, which was instituted on March 22, 2010; andGATE Holdings, Inc. v. Commissioner of Revenue, ATB Docket No. C305240, which was instituted on March 22, 2010. We took the position in the ATB proceedings that GATE was properly taxable as a financial institution and not as a business corporation and was entitled to apportion its income under applicable provisions of Massachusetts tax law. The Massachusetts Commissioner of Revenue, or the Commissioner, took alternative positions: that GATE was properly taxable as a business corporation, or that GATE was taxable as a financial institution, but was not entitled to apportionment or was subject to 100% Massachusetts apportionment. In September 2007,

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we filed a petition with the ATB seeking a refund of state taxes paid for our taxable year ended June 30, 2004, all of which taxes had previously been paid as if GATE were a business corporation. In December 2009, the Commissioner made additional assessments of taxes, along with accrued interest, of approximately $11.9 million for GATE’s taxable years ended June 30, 2004, 2005 and 2006, and approximately $8.1 million for our taxable years ended June 30, 2005 and 2006. For the 2005 and 2006 taxable years, only one of the two assessments made by the Commissioner would ultimately be allowed. In March 2010, we filed petitions with the ATB contesting the additional assessments against GATE and us. In April 2011, the ATB held an evidentiary hearing on the foregoing, and the parties filed their final briefs in September 2011. On November 9, 2011, the ATB issued the ATB Order regarding these proceedings. The ATB Order reflected the following rulings and findings:

• GATE was properly taxable as a financial institution, rather than a business corporation, for each of the tax years at issue;

• GATE was entitled to apportion its income under applicable provisions of Massachusetts tax law for each of the tax years at issue;

• GATE properly calculated one of the two applicable apportionment factors used to calculate GATE’s financial institution excise tax;

• GATE incorrectly calculated the other apportionment factor, which we refer to as the Property Factor, by excluding all income from trust-owned education loans outside of Massachusetts rather than including such income for the purposes of GATE’s Massachusetts state tax returns; and

• All penalties assessed to FMD and GATE were abated.

In connection with the ATB Order, as well as the expiration of the statute of limitations applicable to GATE’s taxable year ended June 30, 2007, we recognized an income tax benefit of $12.5 million during the second quarter of fiscal 2012. In the third quarter of fiscal 2012, we made a $5.1 million payment that satisfied our obligation to the Massachusetts Department of Revenue for GATE’s taxable years ended June 30, 2004, 2005 and 2006.

On April 17, 2013, the ATB issued its opinion confirming the rulings and findings in the ATB Order, which we refer to as the ATB Opinion. We had argued that the loan servicers’ activities, which were conducted outside of Massachusetts on behalf of the trusts, determined the location of the loans for purposes of the Property Factor. The ATB disagreed and determined that the loan servicers’ activities should not be attributed to GATE and further determined that, for purposes of the Property Factor, the trust-owned education loans were located in Massachusetts, GATE’s commercial domicile.

On July 22, 2013, we filed an appeal of the ATB’s findings with regard to the Property Factor in the Massachusetts Appeals Court (No. 2013-P-0935). The Commissioner has decided not to appeal the ATB’s other findings. If we are unsuccessful in an appeal of the ATB Order, we could be required to make additional tax payments, including interest, as discussed below, for GATE’s taxable years ended June 30, 2008 and 2009, which could materially adversely affect our liquidity position.

On June 29, 2013, the Massachusetts Department of Revenue delivered a notice of intent to assess for our taxable years ended June 30, 2008 and 2009. This assessment included approximately $822 thousand of additional tax liability and an assessment for penalties of $4.1 million. We have accrued for the additional tax liability, including interest, but have not accrued for the penalties as we believe that it is more likely than not that the penalties will ultimately be abated, which is consistent with the Massachusetts Department of Revenue’s treatment of our taxable years ended June 30, 2004, 2005 and 2006. As of September 30, 2013, we have accrued a total of $25.4 million, including interest, related to the 2008 and 2009 tax returns for GATE, which amount was included in income taxes payable on our consolidated balance sheet. We cannot predict the outcome of this matter or the timing of such payments, if any, at this time.

Federal Class Action Lawsuits

On August 28, 2013, a purported class action was filed in the United States District Court for the District of Massachusetts against FMD, Daniel Meyers, FMD’s Chief Executive Officer and Chairman of the FMD Board of Directors, and Kenneth Klipper, FMD’s Chief Financial Officer and one of FMD’s Managing Directors. The action is entitledSmith v. The First Marblehead Corp. et al., Civ. A. No. 13-cv-12121-PBS (D. Mass.). The plaintiff alleges, among other things, that the defendants made false and misleading statements and failed to disclose material information in various SEC filings, press releases and other public statements concerning our corporate income tax filings. The complaint alleges various claims under the Exchange Act and Rule 10b-5 promulgated thereunder. The complaint seeks, among other relief, class certification, unspecified damages, fees and such other relief as the court may deem just and proper. No class has been certified in the above action.

On October 23, 2013, a different plaintiff filed a related derivative action in the same court against Daniel Meyers, Kenneth Klipper and current or former members of FMD’s Board of Directors Peter Drotch, George Daly, William Hansen, Thomas Eddy, Dort Cameron III, Nancy Bekavac, Stephen Anbinder, Peter Tarr, William Berkley, and Henry Cornell. The action is entitledNoel v. Daniel Meyers, et al., Civ. A. No. 13-cv-12683-PBS (D. Mass.). The plaintiff alleges, among other things, that the defendants breached their fiduciary duties to FMD by making, or not preventing, purported false and misleading statements concerning FMD’s corporate income tax filings. The plaintiff also asserts claims for unjust enrichment and corporate waste. The complaint seeks, among other relief, a return of all damages purportedly sustained by FMD as well as changes to corporate governance policies and procedures.

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The defendants in each action intend to vigorously defend themselves. There can be no assurance, however, that the defense will be successful, and adverse developments and/or an adverse resolution of either lawsuit could have a material effect on our consolidated financial position and results of operations, which could, in turn, have a negative effect on the price of our common stock. In addition, although we carry insurance for these types of claims, we are not presently able to reasonably estimate potential losses, if any, related to the lawsuits and a judgment significantly in excess of our insurance coverage could materially and adversely affect our financial condition, results of operations and cash flows.

We are involved from time to time in routine legal proceedings occurring in the ordinary course of business. In the opinion of management, there are no matters outstanding, other than those referenced above, that would have a material adverse impact on our operations or financial condition.

Item 1A. Risk Factors.

Investing in our common stock involves a high degree of risk. You should carefully consider the risks and uncertainties described below in addition to the other information included in this quarterly report. If any of the following risks actually occurs, our business, financial condition or results of operations could be adversely affected, which, in turn, could have a negative impact on the price of our common stock. Although we have grouped risk factors by category, the categories are not mutually exclusive. Risks described under one category may also apply to another category, and you should carefully read the entire risk factors section, not just any one category of risk factors.

We have updated the risk factors described in this Item 1A to reflect financial and operating information for the most recently completed fiscal quarter. In addition, we have made material changes to the following risk factors as compared to the version disclosed in Item 1A of Part I of our Annual Report under the heading “Risk Factors”:

• We may be unable to integrate our business successfully and realize all of the anticipated benefits of our acquisition of a substantial portion of the operating assets of the Cology Sellers.

• We may face risks related to litigation that could result in significant legal expenses and settlement or damage awards.

• We are subject to, or will become subject to, new supervision and regulations which could increase our costs of compliance and alter our business practices.

• The price of our common stock may be volatile.

In addition, we added the following risk factors:

• We may not be able to adequately raise the price of our common stock to remain compliant with NYSE listing standards.

• Regulatory agencies have increased their expectations with respect to how regulated institutions oversee their relationships with service providers, which could impact us as both a provider of services to financial institutions as well as a consumer of such services by third party service providers.

Risks Related to Our Industry, Business and Operations

Challenges exist in implementing revisions to our business model.

Since the beginning of fiscal 2009, we have taken several measures to adjust our business in response to economic conditions. Most significantly, we refined our service offerings and added fee-for-service offerings such as loan origination services and portfolio management. During fiscal 2010, we completed the development of our Monogram platform, including an enhanced application interface, an expanded credit decisioning model and additional reporting capabilities. We continue to incorporate refinements to our Monogram platform. During fiscal 2011, we began originating Monogram-based education loans under loan program agreements and began offering outsourced tuition planning, tuition billing and payment technology services for educational institutions through TMS. In fiscal 2012, we began offering refund management services to education institutions and students through TMS. In October 2012, we began providing education loan processing and disbursement services to credit unions, banks and schools in the United States, as well as offering life-of-loan servicing, through Cology LLC. Successful sales of our service offerings, particularly our Monogram platform, TMS offerings and Cology LLC offerings, will be critical to stemming our losses and growing and diversifying our revenues and client base in the future.

We are uncertain as to the degree of market acceptance that our Monogram platform will achieve, particularly in the current economic environment where there has been reluctance by many lenders to focus on education lending opportunities. Through November 8, 2013, we have entered into loan program agreements with four lender clients for Monogram-based loan programs, including FMD’s subsidiary Union Federal. The process of negotiating loan program agreements can be lengthy and complicated. Both the timing and success of contractual negotiations are unpredictable and partially outside of our control, and we cannot assure you that we will successfully identify potential clients or ultimately reach acceptable terms with any particular party with which we begin negotiations.

Moreover, we are uncertain of the extent to which borrowers will choose Monogram-based loans offered by our lender clients, which depends, in part, on competitive factors such as brand and pricing. Several of our current and potential competitors have longer operating histories and significantly greater financial, marketing, technical or other competitive resources than we or our clients have, including funding capacity. As a result, our competitors or potential competitors may be better able to overcome capital markets dislocations, adapt more quickly to new or emerging technologies and changes in customer preferences or compete for skilled professionals, or may be able to devote greater resources to the promotion and sale of their products and services. In particular,

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competitors with larger customer bases, greater name or brand recognition or more established customer relationships than those of our clients have an advantage in attracting loan applicants and making education loans on a recurring, or “serialized,” basis. We are uncertain of the total application volume for fiscal 2014 and beyond, the extent to which application volume will ultimately result in disbursed loans and the overall characteristics of the disbursed loan portfolio.

Commercial banks have historically served as the initial funding sources for the education loans we facilitate and have been our principal clients. Since the first quarter of fiscal 2008, we have not facilitated securitization transactions to support the long-term funding of education loans, and commercial banks may be facing liquidity and credit challenges from other sources, in particular mortgage, auto loan and credit card lending losses. In addition, the synergies that previously existed between federal and private education loan marketing have been eliminated by legislation that eliminated the Federal Family Education Loan Program, or FFELP. As a result, many lenders have re-evaluated their business strategies related to education lending. In light of legislative and regulatory changes, general economic conditions, capital markets disruptions and the overall credit performance of consumer-related loans, the education loan business may be less attractive to commercial banks than in the past. Demand for our services may not increase unless additional lenders enter or re-enter the marketplace, which could depend in part on capital markets conditions and improved market conditions for other consumer financing segments.

Some of our former clients and competitors have exited the education loan market completely. To the extent that commercial banks exit the education loan market, the number of our prospective clients diminishes. One of our primary challenges is to convince national and regional lenders that they can address this market opportunity in a manner that meets their desired risk control and return objectives. A related challenge is to successfully finance education loans generated through our Monogram platform through capital market transactions. We cannot assure you that we will be successful in either the short-term or the long-term in meeting these challenges.

Our business model depends on our ability to facilitate Monogram-based education loan volumes substantially in excess of those that we have originated to date and those contemplated by our four lender clients’ Monogram-based loan programs. We have been required to expend capital to support loan volume under our Monogram platform. Specifically, a portion of the loan volume to date under our Monogram platform has been originated by FMD’s subsidiary Union Federal and we have been further required to provide credit enhancements for Monogram-based loans originated by certain of our lender clients by funding participation accounts or, in the case of Union Federal, deposit accounts, to serve as a first-loss reserve for defaulted program loans. While we believe that we have sufficient capital resources to continue to provide such support to our Monogram platform under our business model, our ability to return to profitability while maintaining appropriate levels of liquidity will be predicated, in part, on our ability to fund participation accounts at levels lower than we are today, as well as the availability of higher capital markets advance rates, including the continued re-emergence of subordinate bonds in the private education loan securitization market, than are available today.

We will need to facilitate substantial loan volume, achieve market acceptance of our Monogram platform and TMS’ offerings, cross-sell our Monogram platform to Cology LLC clients and continue to manage our expenses, among other things, in order to return to profitability.

Our ability to achieve and sustain profitability is dependent on many factors. Primarily, we believe that the following must occur in order for us to return to profitability:

• We need to facilitate loan volumes substantially in excess of those that we have originated to date, and substantially in excess of those contemplated by our four lender clients’ Monogram-based loan programs. Because the revenues that we expect to generate for Monogram-based loan programs will depend in part on the size, credit mix and actual performance of our lender clients’ loan portfolios, it is difficult for us to forecast the level or timing of our revenues or cash flows with respect to our Monogram platform generally or a specific lender client’s Monogram-based loan program.

• We need to attract additional lender clients, or otherwise obtain additional sources of interim or permanent financing, such as securitizations or alternative financing transactions, particularly given that one of our four partnered lending clients provides the majority of our Monogram-based loan program fees, which subjects us to concentration risk as it relates to this revenue stream. Additionally, the level of loan originations for the Union Federal Private Student Loan Program is subject to regulatory limits that are based upon the overall size of Union Federal’s balance sheet and Union Federal’s capital levels, as determined by FMD. As a result, Union Federal’s business plan includes a limit on the amount of education loans to be held on its balance sheet, and any material change to Union Federal’s business plan would be subject to regulatory conditions as well as prior regulatory approval for any interim or permanent financing of education loan portfolios held by Union Federal, including future securitization transactions. Consequently, we cannot assure you that Union Federal will be able to serve as a meaningful funding lender in the future for Monogram-based loan programs.

• Deployment of our Monogram platform, and disbursed loan volume under our lender clients’ Monogram-based loan programs, has been limited, and we will need to gain widespread market acceptance of our Monogram platform among lenders, and of our lender clients’ Monogram-based loan programs among borrowers, in order to improve our long-term financial condition, results of operations and cash flow. If we do not succeed in doing so, we may need to re-evaluate our business plans and operations.

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• Deployment of TMS’ refund management services and its Student Account Center product has been limited, and we will need to gain widespread market acceptance of our refund management services and Student Account Center product among TMS’ existing clients as well as new clients, in order to improve our long-term financial condition, results of operations and cash flow.

• We need to cross-sell aspects of our Monogram platform on a stand-alone basis to Cology LLC’s credit union clients. We cannot assure you that we will be able to achieve widespread market acceptance by these credit union clients of these additional services. Successful sales of our Monogram platform offerings to Cology LLC’s clients will be an important factor in realizing the benefits of the asset acquisition and in diversifying our revenues.

• We need to continue to actively manage our expenses in the current economic environment to better align costs with our current business. In the past we have engaged in cost reduction initiatives and we may need to engage in similar cost reduction initiatives in the future. Despite our efforts to structure our business to operate in a cost-effective manner, some cost reduction measures could have unexpected negative consequences. If we are unable to successfully manage our expenses and run our business in a cost-effective manner, our results of operations would be harmed and it may impact our return to profitability.

We have incurred net losses since fiscal 2008 and could incur losses in the future.

We have generated significant net losses since fiscal 2008, and may continue to incur losses. There can be no assurance that we will report net income in any future period. We must develop new lender client relationships and substantially increase our revenues derived from our Monogram platform, TMS offerings and Cology LLC offerings. We are actively managing our expenses in the current economic environment and in light of the status of our business. To the extent that we are not able to increase our revenues and continue to manage our operating expenses, we will continue to experience net losses.

We have provided credit enhancements in connection with Monogram-based loan programs for certain of our lender clients and may enter into similar arrangements in connection with future loan programs. As a result, we have capital at risk in connection with our lender clients’ loan programs. We may lose some or all of the capital we have provided and our financial results could be adversely affected.

In connection with certain of our lender clients’ Monogram-based loan programs, we have provided credit enhancements by funding participation accounts or, in the case of Union Federal, deposit accounts, to serve as a first-loss reserve for defaulted program loans. We have limited amounts of cash available to offer to prospective clients, and there is a risk that lenders will not enter into loan program agreements with us unless we offer credit enhancement. We expect that the amount of any such credit enhancement arrangement offered to a particular lender would be determined based on the particular terms of the lender’s loan program, including the anticipated size of the lender’s program and the underwriting guidelines of the program, as well as the particular terms of our business relationship with the lender. Should additional lenders require credit enhancement from us as a condition to entering into a loan program agreement, our growth may be constrained by the level of capital available to us. In addition, growth of Union Federal’s Monogram-based loan programs may be constrained by the amount of capital we are able to provide.

We have made deposits pursuant to our credit enhancement arrangements and agreed to provide periodic supplemental deposits, up to specified limits, during the disbursement periods under our loan program agreements based on the credit mix and volume of disbursed program loans and adjustments to default projections for program loans. To the extent that outstanding loan volume decreases as a result of repayments, or if actual loan volumes or default experience are less than our funded amounts, we are eligible to receive periodic releases of funds. The timing and amount of releases, if any, from the participation accounts are uncertain and vary among the loan programs. As of September 30, 2013, the fair value of our funded credit enhancements was $18.8 million. We could lose some or all of the amounts that we have deposited, or will deposit in the future, in the participation accounts, depending on the performance of the portfolio of program loans. Such losses would erode our liquidity position and could damage business prospects for our Monogram platform.

Our Monogram platform is based on proprietary scoring models and risk mitigation and pricing strategies that we have developed. We have limited experience with the actual performance of loan portfolios generated by lenders based on our Monogram platform, and we may need to adjust marketing, pricing or other strategies from time to time based on the distribution of loan volume among credit tiers or competitive considerations. We must closely monitor the characteristics and performance of each lender’s loan portfolio in order to suggest adjustments to the lenders’ programs and tailor our default prevention and collection management strategies. The infrastructure that we have built for such monitoring requires extensive operational and data integration among the loan servicer, multiple default prevention and recovery collection agencies and us. To the extent that our infrastructure is inadequate or we are otherwise unsuccessful in identifying portfolio performance characteristics and trends, or to the extent that lenders are unwilling to adjust their loan programs, our risk of losing amounts deposited in the participation accounts or, in the case of Union Federal, deposit accounts, may increase.

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The outsourcing services market for education financing is competitive and if we are not able to compete effectively, our revenues and results of operations may be adversely affected.

We offer our clients and prospective clients, national and regional financial and educational institutions, services in structuring and supporting their education loan programs and tuition payment processing plans. The outsourcing services market in which we operate is competitive with a number of active participants, some of which have longer operating histories and significantly greater financial, marketing, technical or other competitive resources than we or our clients have, including funding capacity. As a result, our competitors or potential competitors may be better able to overcome capital markets dislocations, adapt more quickly to new or emerging technologies and changes in customer preferences or compete for skilled professionals, build upon efficiencies based on a larger volume of loan transactions, fund internal growth and compete for market share, than we are. In particular, competitors with larger customer bases, greater name or brand recognition or more established customer relationships than those of our clients have an advantage in attracting loan applicants at a lower acquisition cost than us. These disadvantages are particularly acute for us because we have only been operating Monogram-based loan programs since fiscal 2011.

Based on the range of services that we offer, we believe that SLM Corporation, also known as Sallie Mae, is our principal competitor. Our business could be adversely affected if Sallie Mae’s private education loan program continues to grow, or if Sallie Mae seeks to market more aggressively to third parties the full range of services that we offer. Other education loan competitors include Wells Fargo & Company and Discover Financial Services. In addition, LendKey Technologies, Inc. and Campus Door Holdings Inc. compete directly with Cology LLC. Nelnet Business Solutions, TouchNet Information Systems, Inc. and Higher One Holdings, Inc. compete directly with TMS.

We may face competition from loan originators, including our clients or former clients, if they choose to develop an internal capability to provide any of the services that we currently offer. For example, a loan originator that has developed, or decides to develop, a portfolio management or capital markets function may not choose to engage us for our services. Historically, lenders in the education loan market have focused their lending activities on federal loans because of the relative size of the federal loan market and because the federal government guarantees repayment of those loans, thereby significantly limiting the lenders’ credit risk. Following the elimination of FFELP, lenders are more focused on private education loans and some may seek to develop an internal capacity to conduct the services that we provide, which could result in a decline in the potential market for our services.

We cannot assure you that we will be able to compete successfully with new or existing competitors. If we are not able to compete effectively, our results of operations may be adversely affected.

The growth of our business could be adversely affected by changes in government education loan programs or expansions in the population of students eligible for loans under government education loan programs.

We focus our business on the market for private education loans, and the majority of our business is concentrated in products for post-secondary education. The availability and terms of loans that the government originates or guarantees affects the demand for private education loans because students and their families often rely on private education loans to bridge a gap between available funds, including family savings, scholarships, grants and federal and state loans, and the costs of post-secondary education. The federal government currently places both annual and aggregate limitations on the amount of federal loans that any student can receive and determines the criteria for student eligibility. These guidelines are generally adjusted in connection with funding authorizations from the U.S. Congress for programs under the Higher Education Act of 1965. Recent federal legislation expanded federal grant and loan assistance, which could weaken the demand for private education loans. The creation of similar federal or state programs that make additional government loan funds available could decrease the demand for private education loans.

Access to alternative means of financing the costs of education may reduce demand for private education loans.

The demand for private education loans could weaken if student borrowers use other vehicles to bridge the gap between available funds and costs of post-secondary education. These vehicles include, among others:

• Home equity loans or other borrowings available to families to finance their education costs;

• Pre-paid tuition plans, which allow students to pay tuition at today’s rates to cover tuition costs in the future;

• Section 529 plans, which include both pre-paid tuition plans and college savings plans, that allow a family to save funds on a tax-advantaged basis;

• Education IRAs, now known as Coverdell Education Savings Accounts, under which a holder can make annual contributions for education savings;

• Government education loan programs, generally, and interest rates on the loans under these programs, specifically; and

• Direct loans from colleges and universities.

If demand for private education loans weakens, we would experience reduced demand for our services, which could have a material adverse effect on our results of operations.

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Continuation of the current economic conditions could adversely affect the education loan industry.

High unemployment rates and the unsteady financial sector have adversely affected many consumers, loan applicants and borrowers throughout the country. Loan applicants that have experienced trouble repaying credit obligations may not be able to meet the credit standards of our lender clients’ Monogram-based loan programs, which could limit our lending market or have a negative effect on the rate at which loan applications convert into disbursed loans. In addition, current borrowers may experience more trouble in repaying credit obligations, which could increase loan delinquencies, defaults and forbearance, or otherwise negatively affect loan portfolio performance and the estimated fair value of our service revenue receivables and our participation accounts. Forbearance programs may have the effect of delaying default emergence, and alternative payment plans may reduce the utilization of basic forbearance. In addition, some consumers may find that higher education is an unnecessary investment during turbulent economic times and defer enrollment in educational institutions until the economy improves or turn to less costly forms of secondary education, thus decreasing education loan application and funding volumes. Finally, many lending institutions have been reluctant to lend and have significantly tightened their underwriting standards, and several clients and potential clients have exited the education loan business and may not seek our services as the economy improves. If the adverse economic environment continues, our financial condition may deteriorate for any one of the foregoing reasons.

If our clients do not actively or successfully market and fund education loans, our business will be adversely affected.

We have in the past relied, and will continue to rely in part, on our clients to market and fund education loans to borrowers. If our clients do not devote sufficient time, emphasis or resources to marketing their Monogram-based loan programs or are not successful in these efforts, then we may not reach the full potential of our capacity for disbursed loan volume and our business will be adversely affected. In addition, our lender clients’ Monogram-based loan programs, and related marketing efforts, may not necessarily extend nationwide and, in fact, may focus on a limited geographic footprint.

In addition, if education loans were or are marketed by our clients in a manner that is found to be unfair, deceptive or abusive, or if the marketing, origination or servicing violated or violates any applicable law, federal or state unfair and deceptive practices acts could impose liability or, in limited circumstances, create defenses to the enforceability of the loan. Investigations by state Attorneys General, the CFPB, the U.S. Congress or others could have a negative impact on lenders’ desire to originate and market education loans. The Higher Education Opportunity Act creates significant additional restrictions on the marketing of education loans.

If we fail to manage our cost reductions effectively, our business could be disrupted and our financial results could be adversely affected.

We have engaged in cost reduction initiatives in the past and we may engage in cost reduction initiatives in the future. These types of cost reduction activities are complex. Even if we carry out these strategies in the manner we expect, we may not be able to achieve the efficiencies or savings we anticipate, or on the timetable we anticipate, and any expected efficiencies and benefits might be delayed or not realized, and our operations and business could be disrupted. Furthermore, we continue to experience negative net operating cash flows. Our continued use of cash to fund operations may necessitate further significant changes to our cost structure if we are unable to grow our revenue base to the level necessary to fund our ongoing operations.

In addition, cost reduction initiatives have placed and will continue to place a burden on our management, systems and resources, generally increasing our dependence on key persons and reducing functional back-ups. We must retain, train, supervise and manage our employees effectively during this period of change in our business and our ability to respond in a timely and effective fashion to unanticipated exigencies of our business model could be negatively affected during this transition. Furthermore, we believe that retaining our employees may become more difficult as we face an increasingly competitive landscape with respect to talented employees as the economy continues to re-emerge from the financial crisis. We are particularly dependent on the continuing members of our management team and the loss of any of these key employees could adversely affect our business.

As part of our previous cost reduction initiatives we have terminated employees, including members of senior management. Although we believe that our capital resources as of September 30, 2013, which include proceeds of tax refunds under audit, are sufficient to satisfy our operating needs for the succeeding 12 months, we cannot assure you that they will be sufficient, particularly in light of ongoing income tax audits. See Note 11, “Commitments and Contingencies—Income Tax Matters,” in the notes to our unaudited consolidated financial statements included in Part I of this quarterly report for additional information. Insufficient funds could require us to, among other things, terminate additional employees, which could, in turn, place additional strain on any remaining employees and could further disrupt our business, including our ability to grow and expand our business.

We may outsource some borrower or client service functions in an effort to reduce costs, take advantage of technologies and effectively manage the seasonality associated with education loan volume and tuition payment processing. We rely on our vendors to provide high levels of service and support. Our reliance on external vendors subjects us to risks associated with inadequate or untimely service and could result in problems with service or support that we would not experience if we performed the service functions in-house.

If we are unable to manage our cost reductions, or if we lose key employees or are unable to attract and properly train new employees, our operations and our financial results could be adversely affected.

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If competitors or potential competitors acquire or develop an education loan database or advanced loan information processing systems, our business could be adversely affected.

We own a database of historical information on education loan performance that we use to help us enhance our proprietary origination risk score model, determine the terms of portfolio funding transactions and derive the estimates and assumptions we make in preparing our consolidated financial statements and cash flow models. We have also developed a proprietary loan information processing system to enhance our application processing and loan origination capabilities. We believe that our education loan database and loan information processing system provide us with a competitive advantage in offering our services. A third party could create or acquire databases and systems such as ours, especially in light of the transition of our special servicing to third parties. As lenders and other organizations in the education loan market originate or service loans, they compile over time information for their own education loan performance database. Our competitors and potential competitors may have originated or serviced a greater volume of education loans than we have over the past several years, which may have provided them with comparatively greater borrower or loan data, particularly during the most recent economic cycle. If a third party creates or acquires an education loan database or develops a loan information processing system, our competitive positioning, ability to attract new clients and business could be adversely affected.

If we are unable to protect the confidentiality of our proprietary information and processes, the value of our services and technology could be adversely affected.

We rely on trade secret laws and restrictions on disclosure to protect our proprietary information and processes. We have entered into confidentiality agreements with third parties and with most of our employees to maintain the confidentiality of our trade secrets and proprietary information. These methods may neither effectively prevent use or disclosure of our confidential or proprietary information nor provide meaningful protection for our confidential or proprietary information if there is unauthorized use or disclosure.

We own no material patents. Accordingly, our technology, including our loan information processing systems, is not covered by patents that would preclude or inhibit competitors from entering our market. Monitoring unauthorized use of the systems and processes that we have developed is difficult, and we cannot be certain that the steps that we have taken will prevent unauthorized use of our technology. Furthermore, others may independently develop substantially equivalent proprietary information and techniques or otherwise gain access to our proprietary information. If we are unable to protect the confidentiality of our proprietary information and know-how, the value of our technology and services could be adversely affected.

Our business processes are becoming increasingly dependent upon technological advancement, and we could lose clients and market share if we are not able to keep pace with rapid changes in technology.

Our future success depends, in part, on our ability to process loan applications and tuition-related payments in an automated manner with high-quality service standards. The volume of loan originations and tuition-related payments that we are able to process is based, in large part, on the systems and processes we have implemented and developed. These systems and processes are becoming increasingly dependent upon technological advancement, such as the ability to review applications and process loans and payments over the Internet, accept electronic signatures and provide initial decisions instantly. Our future success also depends, in part, on our ability to develop and implement technology solutions that anticipate and keep pace with continuing changes in technology, industry standards and client preferences. We may not be successful in anticipating or responding to these developments on a timely basis. In addition, the industry in which TMS competes has undergone rapid technological change over the past several years. We have made, and need to continue to make, investments in our technology platform in order to provide competitive products and services to our clients. If competitors in any business line introduce products, services, systems and processes that are better than ours or that gain greater market acceptance, those that we offer or use may become obsolete or noncompetitive. In addition, if we fail to execute our lender clients’ origination requirements or properly administer our clients’ credit agreement templates or required disclosures, if TMS fails to properly administer its tuition payment plans or other services or if Cology LLC fails to properly provide its education loan processing and disbursement services, we could be subject to breach of contract claims and related damages. Any one of these circumstances could have a material adverse effect on our business reputation and ability to obtain and retain clients.

We may be required to expend significant funds to develop or acquire new technologies. If we cannot offer new technologies as quickly as our competitors, we could lose clients and market share. We also could lose market share if our competitors develop more cost effective technologies than those we offer or develop.

Our business could be adversely affected if PHEAA fails to provide adequate, proper or timely services or if our relationship with PHEAA terminates.

As of September 30, 2013, Pennsylvania Higher Education Assistance Agency, also known as AES and which we refer to as PHEAA, served as the sole loan servicer for our Monogram-based loan programs. Our arrangements with PHEAA allow us to avoid the overhead investment in servicing operations, but require us to rely on PHEAA to adequately service the education loans, including collecting payments, responding to borrower inquiries, effectively implementing servicing guidelines applicable to loans and communicating with borrowers whose loans have become delinquent. Reliance on PHEAA and other third parties to perform education loan servicing or collections subjects us to risks associated with inadequate, improper or untimely services. In the case of PHEAA, these risks include the failure to properly administer servicing guidelines, including forbearance programs, and failure to

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provide notice of developments in prepayments, delinquencies and defaults, and usage rates for forbearance programs, including alternative payment plans. In the case of third party collection agencies, these risks include failure to properly administer collections guidelines and compliance with federal and state laws and regulations relating to interactions with debtors. If our relationship with PHEAA terminates, we would either need to expand our operations or develop a relationship with another loan servicer, which could be time consuming and costly. In such event, our business could be adversely affected.

An interruption in or breach of our information systems, or those of a third party on which we rely, may result in lost business.

We rely heavily upon communications and information systems to conduct our business. Our systems and operations are potentially vulnerable to damage or interruption from network failure, hardware failure, software failure, power or telecommunications failures, computer viruses and worms, penetration of our network by hackers or other unauthorized users and natural disasters. Any failure, interruption or breach in security of our information systems or the third-party information systems on which we rely could cause underwriting or other delays and could result in fewer loan applications being received, slower processing of applications or tuition-related payments and reduced efficiency in loan processing or our other services, including TMS’ and Cology LLC’s offerings. A failure, interruption or breach in security could also result in an obligation to notify clients in a number of states that require such notification, with possible civil liability and potentially large fines and penalties resulting from such failure, interruption or breach. Although we maintain and periodically test a business continuity and disaster recovery plan, the majority of our infrastructure and employees are concentrated in the Boston, Massachusetts, Providence, Rhode Island and Sacramento, California metropolitan areas. An interruption in services for any reason could adversely affect our ability to activate our contingency plan if we are unable to communicate among locations or employees.

We cannot assure you that systems failures, interruptions or breaches will not occur, or if they do occur that we or the third parties on whom we rely will adequately address them. The precautionary measures that we have implemented to avoid systems outages and to minimize the effects of any data or communication systems interruptions may not be adequate, and we may not have anticipated or addressed all of the potential events that could threaten or undermine our information systems. The occurrence of any systems failure, interruption or breach could significantly impair the reputation of our brand, diminish the attractiveness of our services and harm our business.

If we or one of our third party service providers experience a data security breach and confidential customer information is disclosed, we may be subject to penalties imposed by regulators, civil actions for damages and negative publicity, which could be costly, affect our customer relationships and have a material adverse effect on our business. In addition, state and federal legislative proposals, if enacted, may impose additional requirements on us to safeguard confidential customer information, which may result in increased compliance costs.

Data security breaches suffered by well-known companies and institutions have attracted a substantial amount of media attention, prompting state and federal legislation, legislative proposals and regulatory rule-making to address data privacy and security. Consequently, we may be subject to rapidly changing and increasingly extensive requirements intended to protect the consumer information that we process in connection with education loans and tuition payment plans. Implementation of systems and procedures to address these requirements has increased our compliance costs, and these costs may increase further as new requirements emerge. If we or one of our third party service providers were to experience a data security breach, or if we were to otherwise improperly disclose confidential customer or consumer information, such breach or other disclosure could be costly, generate negative publicity about us and adversely affect our relationships with our clients, including the lenders and educational institutions with which we do business, any of which could have a material adverse effect on our business. In addition, such pending legislative proposals and regulations, if adopted, likely would result in substantial penalties for unauthorized disclosure of confidential consumer information. Failure to comply with those requirements could result in regulatory sanctions imposed on our lender clients and loss of business for us.

We may be unable to integrate our business successfully and realize all of the anticipated benefits of our acquisition of a substantial portion of the operating assets of the Cology Sellers.

We have made several assumptions regarding cost and revenue synergies in connection with Cology LLC’s acquisition of a substantial portion of the operating assets of the Cology Sellers, many of which are dependent upon how successful we are in integrating the business of Cology LLC. The difficulties of integrating Cology LLC’s operations include, among other things:

• Retaining customers;

• Consolidating corporate and administrative functions;

• Coordinating sales and marketing functions;

• Selling Monogram-based products and services to Cology LLC clients; and

• Persuading employees that the First Marblehead and Cology LLC business cultures are compatible, maintaining morale and retaining key employees.

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The process of integrating operations could cause an interruption of, or loss of momentum in, the activities of each company’s business and the loss of key personnel. The diversion of management’s attention and any delays or difficulties encountered in connection with the acquisition and the integration of Cology LLC’s operations could harm our business, results of operations, financial condition or prospects and impair the value of goodwill or intangible assets.

We may face risks related to litigation that could result in significant legal expenses and settlement or damage awards.

From time to time, we are subject to claims and litigation, which could seriously harm our business and require us to incur significant costs. In the past, we have been named as a defendant in securities class action lawsuits, and on August 28, 2013, a purported class action was filed in the United States District Court for the District of Massachusetts against FMD and certain of FMD’s officers and on October 23, 2013 a different plaintiff filed a related derivative action in the same court against certain of FMD’s officers and certain current or former members of FMD’s Board of Directors. We are generally obligated, to the extent permitted by law, to indemnify our current and former directors and officers who are named as defendants in these lawsuits. Defending against litigation may require significant attention and resources of management. Regardless of the outcome, such litigation could result in significant legal expenses.

We may also be subject to employment claims in connection with employee terminations. In addition, companies in our industry whose employees accept positions with us may claim that we have engaged in unfair hiring practices. These claims may result in material litigation. We could incur substantial costs defending ourselves or our employees against those claims, regardless of their merits. In addition, defending ourselves from those types of claims could divert our management’s attention from our operations.

If we are a party to material litigation and if the defenses we claim are ultimately unsuccessful, or if we are unable to achieve a favorable settlement, we could be liable for large damage awards that could have a material adverse effect on our business and consolidated financial statements.

Risks Related to Our Financial Reporting and Liquidity

Our liquidity could be adversely affected if the sale of the Trust Certificate does not result in the tax consequences that we expect or if we are unable to successfully resolve the pending state tax matters.

Effective March 31, 2009, we completed the sale of the Trust Certificate. In connection with the sale of the Trust Certificate, FMD entered into the Asset Services Agreement pursuant to which FMD provided various consulting and advisory services to the purchaser of the Trust Certificate. The sale generated a cash refund of federal and state income taxes previously paid of $189.3 million. The federal and state income tax consequences of the sale of the Trust Certificate, however, are complex and uncertain. The IRS has been conducting an audit of our tax returns for fiscal 2007 through fiscal 2010, including a review of the tax treatment of the sale of the Trust Certificate, as well as the federal tax refunds previously received in the amounts of $176.6 million and $45.1 million. We announced on August 15, 2013 that, as part of the audit process, we expected to receive a NOPA from the IRS. On September 10, 2013 we received two NOPAs from the IRS that contain the proposed adjustments that we announced on August 15, 2013. In the NOPAs, the IRS asserts that our sale of the Trust Certificate should not be recognized for federal income tax purposes primarily because we retained the economic benefits and burdens of the Trust Certificate, including, among other things, retaining certain repurchase rights and data rights. The IRS further concludes that the transaction should be characterized as a financing instead of a sale and asserts that the sale of the Trust Certificate and the execution of the Asset Services Agreement had the impact of converting taxable income to the owner from an accrual basis to a cash basis. As a result, the NOPAs propose to disallow the loss that generated the tax refunds that we previously received as well as require us to include income from the Trust Certificate from the March 31, 2009 sale date through June 30, 2011 in our taxable income for such years. If the IRS’ positions are successful, the disallowance of the loss, coupled with the additional taxable income after the sale date through June 30, 2011, would create federal income tax adjustments that we estimate to be approximately $300.0 million, excluding interest until such matter is resolved and the assessment of penalties, if any. The NOPAs do not address tax years beyond June 30, 2011. While we have not recorded an accrual for this matter in our consolidated financial statements, such an accrual, if it becomes necessary, could be significant and material. The determination of whether or not to accrue a liability, if any, requires a significant amount of judgment and entails, by necessity, the need to incorporate estimates.

The ongoing IRS audit or any other investigation, audit, appeals proceeding or suit relating to the sale of the Trust Certificate could result in substantial costs. A state taxing authority could also challenge our tax position in connection with the transactions, notwithstanding our receipt of any income tax refund.

In addition, we are involved in several matters relating to the Massachusetts tax treatment of GATE. We took the position in the ATB proceedings that GATE was properly taxable as a financial institution and not as a business corporation and was entitled to apportion its income under applicable provisions of Massachusetts tax law. The Massachusetts Commissioner of Revenue, or the Commissioner, took alternative positions: that GATE was properly taxable as a business corporation, or that GATE was taxable as a financial institution, but was not entitled to apportionment or was subject to 100% Massachusetts apportionment. In December 2009, the Commissioner made additional assessments of taxes, along with accrued interest, of approximately $11.9 million for GATE’s taxable years ended June 30, 2004, 2005 and 2006, and approximately $8.1 million for our taxable years ended June 30, 2005 and 2006. On November 9, 2011, the ATB issued the ATB Order which concurred with our position that GATE was a financial institution but

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disagreed with our methodology utilized to apportion income. In the third quarter of fiscal 2012, we made a $5.1 million payment that satisfied our obligation to the Massachusetts Department of Revenue for GATE’s taxable years ended June 30, 2004, 2005 and 2006. On April 17, 2013, the ATB issued the ATB Opinion. On July 22, 2013, we filed an appeal of certain of the ATB’s findings in the Massachusetts Appeals Court. The appeal of the ATB’s findings includes a refund claim with respect to the $5.1 million payment made in the third quarter of fiscal 2012. The Commissioner has decided not to appeal the ATB’s other findings. If we are unsuccessful in an appeal of the ATB Order, we could be required to make additional tax payments for GATE’s taxable years ended June 30, 2008 and 2009, which could materially adversely affect our liquidity position. On June 29, 2013, the Massachusetts Department of Revenue delivered a notice of intent to assess for our taxable years ended June 30, 2008 and June 30, 2009. This assessment included approximately $822 thousand of additional tax liability and an assessment for penalties of $4.1 million. We have accrued for the additional tax liability, including interest, but have not accrued for the penalties as we believe that it is more likely than not that the penalties will ultimately be abated, which is consistent with the Massachusetts Department of Revenue’s treatment of our taxable years ended June 30, 2004, 2005 and 2006. We have accrued a total income tax liability of $25.4 million, including interest, as of September 30, 2013 related to the 2008 and 2009 tax returns for GATE, which amount was included in income taxes payable on our consolidated balance sheet. We cannot predict the outcome of this matter or the timing of such payments, if any, at this time.

See Note 11, “Commitments and Contingencies—Income Tax Matters,” in the notes to our unaudited consolidated financial statements included in Part I of this quarterly report for additional information.

If the estimates we make, or the assumptions on which we rely, in preparing our consolidated financial statements prove inaccurate, our actual results may vary materially from those reflected in our consolidated financial statements.

Our consolidated financial statements include a number of estimates, which reflect management’s judgments. Some of our estimates also rely on certain assumptions. The most significant estimates we make include the determination of which securitization trusts to consolidate, income taxes relating to uncertain tax positions under ASC 740, the valuation of our service revenue receivables and deposits for participation accounts and our determination of goodwill and intangible asset impairment.

In our determination of the fair value of our service revenue receivables and deposits for participation accounts, we use discounted cash flow modeling techniques and certain assumptions to estimate fair value because there are no quoted market prices.

Our key assumptions to estimate fair value include, as applicable:

• Discount rates, which we use to estimate the present value of our future cash flows;

• The annual rate and timing of education loan prepayments;

• The trend of interest rates over the life of the loan pool, including the forward LIBOR curve, which is a projection of future LIBOR rates over time;

• The expected annual rate and timing of education loan defaults, including the effects of various risk mitigation strategies, such as basic forbearance and alternative payment plans and school and lender guarantees;

• The expected amount and timing of recoveries on defaulted education loans; and

• The fees and expenses of the securitization trusts.

Because our estimates rely on quantitative and qualitative factors, including our historical experience, to predict default, recovery and prepayment rates, management’s ability to determine which factors should be more heavily weighted in our estimates, and to accurately incorporate those factors into our loan performance assumptions, are subjective and can have a material effect on valuations.

If the actual performance of the education loan portfolios held by us or our clients who hold Monogram-based loans were to vary appreciably from the assumptions we use, we might need to adjust our key assumptions. Such an adjustment could materially affect our earnings in the period in which our assumptions change. In addition, our actual service revenue receivables or releases from participation accounts could be significantly less than reflected in our current consolidated financial statements. In particular, economic, regulatory, competitive and other factors affecting the key assumptions used in the cash flow model could cause or contribute to differences between actual performance of the portfolios and our other key assumptions.

We have guaranteed the performance of Union Federal’s obligations under a loan purchase and sale agreement and have agreed to provide an indemnity for third-party claims on behalf of Union Federal under an indenture. We may incur substantial costs if we have to perform obligations of Union Federal or indemnify third parties, which could have a material adverse effect on our liquidity or financial condition.

In connection with Union Federal’s sale of an education loan portfolio in October 2009, FMD delivered a performance guaranty to the purchaser of the loan portfolio. See Note 11, “Commitments and Contingencies—Performance Guaranty,” in the notes to our unaudited consolidated financial statements included in Part I of this quarterly report for additional information. If Union Federal were to default in the performance of any of its obligations or agreements under the loan purchase and sale agreement, including its indemnification or loan repurchase obligations, FMD would be required to perform such obligations. As a result, we could incur substantial costs pursuant to the performance guaranty if Union Federal were unable to perform its obligations.

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In April 2010, FMD and certain of its subsidiaries entered into agreements relating to the restructuring of the education loan warehouse facility of FMD’s indirect subsidiary UFSB Private Loan SPV, LLC. In connection with the restructuring, FMD agreed, among other things, to provide a separate indemnity for third-party claims by or on behalf of borrowers against the third-party conduit lender under the facility based on loan origination errors under the facility. See Note 11, “Commitments and Contingencies—Indemnifications—Union Federal,” in the notes to our unaudited consolidated financial statements included in Part I of this quarterly report for additional information. As a result, we may incur substantial costs in the event of a claim for damages related to the facility, which could have a material adverse effect on our liquidity or financial condition.

Changes in macro-economic conditions, including interest rates, could affect the value of our additional structural advisory fees, residual receivables, participation accounts and investments available-for-sale, as well as demand for education loans and our services.

Education loans held by us and the securitization trusts facilitated by us typically carry floating interest rates tied to prevailing short-term interest rates. Changes in interest rates could have the following effects on us:

• Higher interest rates would increase the cost of the loan to the borrower, which, in turn, could cause an increase in delinquency and default rates for outstanding education loans, as well as increased use of forbearance programs;

• Higher interest rates, or the perception that interest rates could increase in the future, could cause an increase in full or partial prepayments; or

• Higher interest rates could reduce borrowing for education generally, which, in turn, could cause the overall demand for our services to decline.

In addition to higher interest rates, other factors, such as challenging economic times, including high unemployment rates, can also lead to an increase in delinquency and default rates. If the prepayment or default rates increase for the education loans held by us or our Monogram platform clients, we may experience a decline in the value of service revenue receivables and our participation accounts, as well as a decline in fees related to Monogram-based loan programs in the future, which could cause a decline in the price of our common stock and could also prevent, or make more challenging, any future portfolio funding transactions.

Economic conditions and interest rate risk could also adversely impact the fair value and the ultimate collectability of our investments available-for-sale. Changes in the fair value of investments available-for-sale are recorded as unrealized gains and losses through other comprehensive income, a component of stockholders’ equity. Should an investment be deemed “other than temporarily impaired,” we would be required to write down the carrying value of the investment through earnings. Such write down(s) may have a material adverse effect on our financial condition and results of operations.

If sufficient funds to finance our business and meet our obligations are not available to us when needed or on acceptable terms, we may be required to delay, scale back, otherwise alter our strategy or cease operations.

We have generated significant net losses since fiscal 2008, and we cannot predict at this time when or if we will return to profitability. Furthermore, while we have made progress towards reducing our overall cash needs, we continue to utilize significant levels of cash to fund the many priorities required of a diverse business such as ours. We may require additional funds for our products, operating expenses, including expenditures relating to TMS and Cology LLC, capital in connection with credit enhancement arrangements for Monogram-based loan programs or capital markets financings, the pursuit of regulatory approvals, acquisition opportunities and the expansion of our capabilities. Historically, we have satisfied our funding needs primarily through fees earned from education loan asset-backed securitizations. We have not accessed the securitization market since fiscal 2008, and the securitization market may not be accessible to us in the future or, if available, not on terms that are acceptable to us. We have also satisfied our funding needs through equity financings. We cannot be certain that additional public or private financing would be available in amounts or on terms acceptable to us, if at all.

Although we believe that our capital resources as of September 30, 2013, which include proceeds of tax refunds under audit, are sufficient to satisfy our operating needs for the succeeding 12 months, we cannot assure you that they will be sufficient, particularly in light of ongoing federal and state income tax audits. In particular, as we announced on August 15, 2013, as part of the audit process, we expected to receive a NOPA from the IRS. On September 10, 2013 we received two NOPAs from the IRS that contain the proposed adjustments that we announced on August 15, 2013. The NOPAs propose to disallow the loss that generated the tax refunds that we previously received as well as require us to include income from the Trust Certificate from the March 31, 2009 sale date through June 30, 2011 in our taxable income for such years. If the IRS’ positions are successful, the disallowance of the loss, coupled with the additional taxable income after the sale date through June 30, 2011, would create federal income tax adjustments that we estimate to be approximately $300.0 million, excluding interest until such matter is resolved and the assessment of penalties, if any. The NOPAs do not address tax years beyond June 30, 2011. See Note 11, “Commitments and Contingencies—Income Tax Matters,” in the notes to our unaudited consolidated financial statements included in Part I of this quarterly report for additional information.

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Insufficient funds could require us to delay, scale back or eliminate certain of our products, eliminate our ability to provide credit enhancement commitments to prospective clients relating to Monogram-based loan programs, curtail, delay or terminate plans for TMS or Cology LLC, terminate personnel, further scale back our expenses or cease operations. In addition, our short-term financing needs are subject to regulatory capital requirements related to Union Federal. See Note 13, “Union Federal Regulatory Matters,” in the notes to our unaudited consolidated financial statements included in Part I of this quarterly report for additional information.

A significant portion of the purchase price for our acquisition of TMS and our acquisition of a substantial portion of the operating assets of the Cology Sellers is allocated to goodwill and intangible assets that are subject to periodic impairment evaluations. An impairment loss could have a material adverse impact on our financial condition and results of operations.

At September 30, 2013, we had $20.1 million of goodwill and $23.5 million of intangible assets related to our acquisition of TMS and our acquisition of a substantial portion of the operating assets of the Cology Sellers. As required by current accounting standards, we review intangible assets for impairment either annually or whenever changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying value may not be recoverable.

The risk of impairment to goodwill is higher during the early years following an acquisition. This is because the fair values of these assets align very closely with what we paid to acquire the reporting units to which these assets are assigned. As a result, the difference between the carrying value of the reporting unit and its fair value (typically referred to as “headroom”) is smaller at the time of acquisition. Until this headroom grows over time, due to business growth or lower carrying value of the reporting unit, a relatively small decrease in reporting unit fair value can trigger impairment charges. When impairment charges are triggered, they tend to be material due to the size of the assets involved. TMS’ business would be adversely affected, and impairment of goodwill could be triggered, if any of the following were to occur: higher attrition rates than planned as a result of the competitive environment or our inability to provide products and services that are competitive in the marketplace, lower-than-planned adoption rates of refund management and Student Account Center products, higher-than-expected expense levels to provide services to TMS clients, a lower interest rate environment than depicted by the LIBOR curve, shorter hold periods or lower cash balances than contemplated, which would reduce overall net interest income opportunity for cash that is held by us on behalf of TMS’ school clients, increases in equity returns required by investors and changes in our business model that may impact one or more of these variables. Cology LLC’s business would be adversely affected, and impairment of goodwill could be triggered, if any of the following were to occur: higher attrition rates than planned, a lack of acceptance of Monogram products and services by its credit union clients, higher-than-expected expense levels to provide services to Cology LLC clients and changes in our business model that may impact one or more of these variables.

We may be required to consolidate and deconsolidate VIEs in the future, which would result in significant changes to the presentation of our consolidated financial statements and may result in increased volatility in our reported financial condition and results of operations.

Effective July 1, 2010, we adopted Accounting Standards Update, or ASU, 2009-16,Transfers and Servicing (Topic 860)—Accounting for Transfers of Financial Assets, and ASU 2009-17,Consolidation (Topic 810)—Improvement to Financial Reporting by Enterprises Involved With Variable Interest Entities,or ASU 2009-17, which amended the accounting for consolidation of variable interest entities, or VIEs. We are required to continually reassess our involvement with each VIE in which we have an interest, both on- and off-balance sheet, and our determination of whether consolidation or deconsolidation of a VIE is appropriate.

ASU 2009-17 requires us to make additional judgments that are subject to change based on new facts and circumstances, and evolving interpretations and practices. Under ASU 2009-17, the determination of whether to consolidate a VIE is based on whether the company is considered to be the primary beneficiary. Such determination is based on both the power to direct the activities of the entity that most significantly impact the entity’s economic performance, and the obligation to absorb losses or the right to receive benefits that could be significant to the entity. The nature of these determinations, made on an entity-by-entity basis, requires a high level of subjectivity and judgment. As a result, determinations that we make from time to time will be susceptible to change.

The accounting for these matters is complex. Changes in circumstances or technical interpretations of ASU 2009-17 could result in additional consolidation or deconsolidation of VIEs, which could materially affect our consolidated financial statements and make analysis of our financial standing difficult. As we continue to execute our business model, we may be required to consolidate future financing transactions in accordance with ASU 2009-17.

We continue to monitor our involvement with nine off-balance sheet VIEs for which we have determined that we are not the primary beneficiary due to the sole, unilateral rights of other parties to terminate us in our role as service provider or due to a lack of obligation on our part to absorb benefits or losses of the VIE that would be significant to that VIE. A significant change to the pertinent rights of other parties or us, or a significant change to the range of possible financial performance outcomes used in our assessment of the variability of cash flows due to us, could cause us to change our determination of whether or not a VIE should be consolidated in future periods. Given the size of each of our VIEs, any decision to consolidate or deconsolidate a VIE could result in significant changes to our reported assets and liabilities and results of operations during the fiscal quarter in which the change occurs and could make comparisons of our financial performance between periods challenging to investors. For example, in fiscal 2011, we consolidated certain securitization trusts that were subsequently deconsolidated in fiscal 2012.

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Risks Related to Asset-Backed Securitizations and Other Funding Sources

Our financial results and future growth may continue to be adversely affected if we are unable to structure securitizations or alternative financings.

Although our Monogram platform has been designed to generate recurring revenues with less dependence on the securitization market and third-party credit enhancement than our prior business model, a return to profitability is dependent on a number of factors, including the facilitation of loan volumes substantially in excess of those that we have originated to date, and substantially in excess of those contemplated by our four lender clients’ Monogram-based loan programs or other financing alternatives, expense management and growth at TMS, Cology LLC and Union Federal. Accordingly, our future financial results and growth may continue to be affected by our inability to structure securitizations or alternative financing transactions involving education loans on terms acceptable to us. In particular, such transactions may enable us to generate fee revenues or access and recycle capital previously deployed as credit enhancement for interim financing facilities. If we are able to facilitate securitizations in the near-term, we expect the structure and economics of the transactions to be substantially different from our past transactions, including lower revenues and lower advance rates.

If our inability to access the ABS market on acceptable terms continues, our revenues may continue to be adversely impacted, and we may continue to generate net losses, which would further erode our liquidity position.

A number of factors, some of which are beyond our control, have adversely affected or may adversely affect our portfolio funding activities and thereby adversely affect our results of operations.

The success of our business may depend on our ability to structure securitizations or other funding transactions for our clients’ loan portfolios. Several factors have had, or may have, a material adverse effect on both our ability to structure funding transactions and the revenue we may generate for providing our structural advisory and other services, including the following:

• Volatility in the capital markets generally or in the education loan ABS sector specifically, which could restrict or delay our access to the capital markets;

• The timing and size of education loan asset-backed securitizations that other parties facilitate, or the adverse performance of, or other problems with, such securitizations, which could impact pricing or demand for our future securitizations, if any;

• Challenges to the enforceability of education loans based on violations of federal or state consumer protection or licensing laws and related regulations, or imposition of penalties or liabilities on assignees of education loans for violation of such laws and regulations;

• Our inability to structure and gain market acceptance for new products or services to meet new demands of ABS investors, rating agencies or credit facility providers; and

• Changes to bankruptcy laws that change the current non-dischargeable status of private education loans, which could materially adversely affect the profitability of the loan portfolios if applied to loans originated prior to the date of the change.

Recent legislation will affect the terms of future securitization transactions.

The SEC has proposed new rules governing ABS issuance that, due to the requirements for risk retention, may affect the desirability of issuing ABS as a funding strategy. In addition, the Dodd-Frank Act grants federal banking regulators substantial discretion in developing specific risk retention requirements for all types of consumer credit products and requires the SEC to establish new data requirements for all issuers, including standards for data format, asset-level or loan-level data, the nature and extent of the compensation of the broker or originator and the amount of risk retention required by loan securitizers.

The Dodd-Frank Act and its implementing regulations, once adopted, will affect the terms of future securitization transactions, if any, that we facilitate and may result in greater risk retention and less flexibility for us in structuring such transactions.

In structuring and facilitating securitizations of our clients’ education loans, administering securitization trusts or providing portfolio management, we may incur liabilities to transaction parties.

We facilitated and structured a number of special purpose trusts that have been used in securitizations to finance education loans that our clients originated, including securitization trusts that have issued auction rate notes. Under applicable state and federal securities laws, if investors incur losses as a result of purchasing ABS that those securitization trusts have issued, we could be deemed responsible and could be liable to those investors for damages. We could also be liable to investors or other parties for certain updated information that we have provided subsequent to the original ABS issuances by the trusts. If we have failed to cause the securitization trusts or other transaction parties to disclose adequately all material information regarding an investment in any securities, if we or the trusts made statements that were misleading in any material respect in information delivered to investors in any securities or if we breached any duties as the structuring advisor, administrator or special servicer of the securitization trusts, it is possible that we could be sued and ultimately held liable to an investor or other transaction party. This risk includes failure to properly administer or oversee

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servicing or collections guidelines and may increase if the performance of the securitization trusts’ loan portfolios degrades, and rating agencies over the past several years have downgraded various ABS issued by the trusts we facilitated. Investigations by state Attorneys General, as well as private litigation, have focused on auction rate securities, including the marketing and trading of such securities. It is possible that we could become involved in such matters in the future. In addition, under various agreements entered into with underwriters or financial guaranty insurers of those ABS, as well as certain lenders, we are contractually bound to indemnify those persons if an investor is successful in seeking to recover any loss from those parties and the securitization trusts are found to have made a materially misleading statement or to have omitted material information.

If we are liable to an investor or other transaction party for a loss incurred in any of the securitizations that we have facilitated or structured and any insurance that we may have does not cover this liability or proves to be insufficient, our results of operations or financial position could be materially adversely affected.

We may determine to incur near-term losses based on longer-term strategic considerations.

We may consider long-term strategic considerations more important than near-term economic gains when assessing business arrangements and opportunities, including financing arrangements for education loans. For example, we expect the structure and pricing terms in near-term future securitization transactions, if any, to be substantially different from our past transactions, including lower revenues and lower advance rates. We may nevertheless determine to participate in, or structure, future financing transactions based on longer-term strategic considerations. As a result, net cash flows over the life of a future securitization trust, particularly any trust that we may facilitate in the near-term as we re-enter the securitization market, could be negative as a result of transaction size, transaction expenses or financing costs.

Risks Related to Regulatory Matters

We are subject to, or will become subject to, new supervision and regulations which could increase our costs of compliance and alter our business practices.

Various regulators have increased diligence and enforcement efforts and new laws and regulations have been passed or are under consideration in the U.S. Congress as a result of turbulence in the financial services industry. The Dodd-Frank Act requires various federal agencies to adopt a broad range of new implementing rules and regulations, and the federal agencies are given significant discretion in drafting the implementing rules and regulations. Consequently, many of the details and much of the impact of the Dodd-Frank Act may not be known for many months or years.

As a federal savings bank, Union Federal’s primary bank regulator is the OCC. As a thrift holding company, FMD is regulated by the Federal Reserve. The Dodd-Frank Act imposes consolidated capital requirements on savings and loan holding companies, but these requirements are not effective until five years after enactment of the Dodd-Frank Act.

The Dodd-Frank Act established the CFPB as an independent agency within the Federal Reserve. The CFPB has been given broad powers, including the power to:

• Supervise non-depository institutions, including those that offer or provide education loans;

• Supervise depository institutions with assets of $10 billion or more for compliance with consumer protection laws, as well as the service providers to such institutions;

• Regulate consumer financial products, including education loans, and services offered primarily for personal, family or household purposes;

• Promulgate rules with respect to unfair, deceptive or abusive practices; and

• Take enforcement action against institutions under its supervision.

The CFPB may institute regulatory measures that directly impact our business operations. The CFPB has initiated an examination program of non-depository institutions (which could include service providers such as FMER). The Federal Trade Commission, or FTC, maintains parallel authority to enforce Section 5 of the Federal Trade Commission Act prohibiting unfair or deceptive acts or practices against non-depository financial providers, such as FMER, TMS and Cology LLC. The OCC maintains parallel authority to enforce Section 5 of the Federal Trade Commission Act against federal savings associations, such as Union Federal, as well as authority to examine and supervise federal savings associations with assets of less than $10 billion, such as Union Federal, for compliance with consumer protection laws.

The CFPB has significant rulemaking and enforcement powers and the potential reach of the CFPB’s broad new rulemaking powers and enforcement authority on the operations of financial institutions offering consumer financial products or services, including FMD, is currently unknown. In addition, the Dodd-Frank Act established a Student Loan Ombudsman within the CFPB, who, among other things, receives, reviews and attempts to resolve informally complaints from education loan borrowers. To date, the Student Loan Ombudsman has issued two Annual Reports, the first of which noted concerns that private education loan borrowers may not have fully understood all the terms and conditions of their different loans. As a result, we expect private education loan marketing practices to be carefully scrutinized. The 2013 Annual Report of the Student Loan Ombudsman analyzed complaints received by the CFPB regarding student loans during the prior year, noting trends in complaints related to payment processing, loan modification, treatment of military families and other servicing practices. As a result, we expect to see increased scrutiny of the entire life cycle of education loans by the CFPB and other regulatory and enforcement agencies.

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The CFPB’s initiatives and similar efforts with respect to other credit and retail banking products could increase our costs and the complexity of our operations. See Item 1, “Business—Government Regulation,” included in Part I of our Annual Report for additional information.

The Dodd-Frank Act also includes several provisions that could affect our future portfolio funding transactions, if any, including potential risk retention requirements applicable to any entity that organizes and initiates an ABS transaction, new disclosure and reporting requirements for each tranche of ABS, including new loan-level data requirements, and new disclosure requirements relating to the representations, warranties and enforcement mechanisms available to ABS investors. The Dodd-Frank Act may have a material impact on our operations, including through increased operating and compliance costs.

We are subject to regulation as a savings and loan holding company, and Union Federal is regulated extensively. We could incur additional costs in complying with regulations applicable to savings and loan holding companies and savings banks, or significant penalties if we fail to comply.

As a result of our acquisition of Union Federal in November 2006, we became subject to regulation as a savings and loan holding company, and our business is limited to activities that are financial or real-estate related. FMD is subject to regulation, supervision and examination by the Federal Reserve. The Federal Reserve and the OCC each have certain types of enforcement authority over us, including the ability in certain circumstances to review and approve changes in management and compensation arrangements, issue cease-and-desist orders, force divestiture of Union Federal and impose civil and monetary penalties for violations of federal banking laws and regulations or for unsafe or unsound banking practices. Any such actions could adversely affect our reputation, liquidity or ability to execute our business plan. In addition, we could incur additional costs in complying with differing interpretations by these new regulators, or significant penalties if we fail to comply.

Union Federal is subject to regulation, supervision and examination by the OCC and the FDIC. Such regulation covers all banking business, including activities and investments, lending practices, safeguarding deposits, capitalization, risk management policies and procedures, relationships with affiliated companies, efforts to combat money laundering, recordkeeping and conduct and qualifications of personnel. In particular, the failure to meet minimum capital requirements could result in initiation of certain mandatory, and possibly additional discretionary, actions by regulators that, if undertaken, could have a material adverse effect on our operations and our consolidated financial statements. We have in the past been required to make capital contributions to Union Federal, and regulatory authorities could require us to make additional capital contributions or to take other corrective measures in the future.

We could incur additional costs in complying with regulations applicable to savings and loan holding companies and savings banks, or significant penalties if we fail to comply. Our ability to comply with all applicable laws and rules depends largely on our establishment and maintenance of a system to ensure such compliance, as well as our ability to attract and retain qualified compliance personnel. Further reductions in staffing levels could make it difficult to retain experienced personnel to maintain adequate internal controls related to regulatory matters. If severe failures in internal controls occur, regulatory authorities could impose sanctions on Union Federal or us. We could in the future be subject to supervisory orders to cease and desist, civil monetary penalties or other actions due to claimed noncompliance, which could have an adverse effect on our business, financial condition and operating results.

We may become subject to additional state registration or licensing requirements, which could increase our compliance costs significantly and may result in other adverse consequences.

Many states have statutes and regulations that require the licensure of small loan lenders, loan brokers, credit services organizations, loan arrangers and collection agencies. Some of these statutes are drafted or interpreted to cover a broad scope of activities. While we believe we have satisfied all material licensing, registration and other regulatory requirements that could be applicable to us based on current laws and the manner in which we currently conduct business, we may determine that we need to submit additional license applications, and we may otherwise become subject to additional state licensing, registration and other regulatory requirements in the future. In particular, certain state licenses or registrations may be required if we change our operations, if regulators reconsider their prior guidance or if federal or state laws or regulations are changed. Even if we are not physically present in a state, its regulators may take the position that registration or licensing is required because we provide services to borrowers located in the state by mail, telephone, the Internet or other remote means.

To the extent that our services are conducted through Union Federal, state requirements for licensure are inapplicable. However, as a result of the enactment of the Dodd-Frank Act and the reduced preemption enjoyed by federal savings banks resulting from the Dodd-Frank Act, we may now be subject to state consumer protection laws in each state where we do business and those laws may be interpreted and enforced differently in different states. We will continue to review state registration and licensing requirements, and we intend to pursue registration or licensing in applicable jurisdictions where we are not currently registered or licensed if we elect to operate through an entity that does not enjoy federal preemption of such registration or licensing requirements. We cannot assure you that we will be successful in obtaining additional state licenses or registrations in a timely manner, or at all. If we determine that additional state registrations or licenses are necessary, we may be required to delay or restructure our activities in a manner that will not subject us to such licensing or registration requirements. Compliance with state licensing requirements could involve additional costs or delays, which could have a material adverse effect on our business. Our failure to comply with these laws could lead to, among other things:

• Curtailment of our ability to continue to conduct business in the relevant jurisdiction, pending a return to compliance or processing of registration or a license application;

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• Administrative enforcement actions;

• Class action lawsuits;

• The assertion of legal defenses delaying or otherwise affecting the enforcement of loans; and

• Criminal as well as civil liability.

Any of the foregoing could have a material adverse effect on our business.

We may be exposed to liability for failures of third parties with which we do business to comply with the registration, licensing and other requirements that apply to them.

Third parties with which we do, or have done, business, including federal and state chartered financial institutions and non-bank loan marketers, are subject to registration, licensing and governmental regulations, including the Truth-in-Lending Act and other consumer protection laws and regulations. For example, some of the third-party marketers with which we have done or may do business may be subject to state registration or licensing requirements and laws and regulations, including those relating to loan brokers, small loan lenders, credit services organizations, loan arrangers and collection agencies. As a result of the activities that we conduct or may conduct for our clients, it may be asserted that we have some responsibility for compliance by third parties with whom we do business with the laws and regulations applicable to them, whether on contractual or other grounds. If it is determined that we have failed to comply with our obligations with respect to these third parties, we could be subject to civil or criminal liability. Even if we bear no legal liability for the actions of these third parties, the imposition of licensing and registration requirements on them, or any sanctions against them for conducting business without a license or registration, may reduce the volume of loans we process from them in the future.

Regulatory agencies have increased their expectations with respect to how regulated institutions oversee their relationships with service providers, which could impact us as both a provider of services to financial institutions as well as a consumer of such services by third party service providers.

The CFPB and, more recently, the OCC, have issued guidance documents outlining their expectations of supervised banks and non-banks with respect to their relationships with service providers that increase the responsibilities of parties to vet and supervise the activities of service providers to ensure compliance with federal consumer financial laws. Regulators increasingly espouse a “life cycle” approach to vendor management that includes five important stages of the vendor relationship, including planning, due diligence and service provider selection, contract negotiation, ongoing monitoring, and termination. The issuance of regulatory guidance, and the enforcement of the enhanced vendor management standards via examination and investigation of us or any third party with whom we do business, may increase our costs, require increased management attention and adversely impact our operations. In the event we should fail to meet the heightened standards for management of service providers, either in our supervision of vendors or as a result of acts or omissions of counter parties who are deficient in their supervision of us as a service provider, we could in the future be subject to supervisory orders to cease and desist, civil monetary penalties or other actions due to claimed noncompliance, which could have an adverse effect on our business, financial condition and operating results.

Failure to comply with consumer protection laws could subject us to civil and criminal penalties or litigation, including class actions, and have a material adverse effect on our business.

We are subject to a broad range of federal and state consumer protection laws applicable to our student lending, mortgage lending and other retail banking activities, including laws governing fair lending, unfair, deceptive and abusive acts and practices, service member protections, licensing, interest rates and loan fees, disclosures of loan terms, marketing, brokering, servicing, collections and foreclosure.

Violations or changes in federal or state consumer protection laws or related regulations, or in the prevailing interpretations thereof, may expose us to litigation, result in greater compliance costs, constrain the marketing of education loans, adversely affect the collection of balances due on the loan assets held by securitization trusts or otherwise adversely affect our business. We could incur substantial additional expense complying with these requirements and may be required to create new processes and information systems. Moreover, changes in federal or state consumer protection laws and related regulations, or in the prevailing interpretations thereof, could invalidate or call into question the legality of certain of our services and business practices.

Violations of the laws or regulations governing our operations, or the operations of our clients, could result in the imposition of civil or criminal penalties, the cancellation of our contracts to provide services or our exclusion from participating in education loan programs. These penalties or exclusions, were they to occur, would impair our business reputation and ability to operate our business. In some cases, such violations may render the loan assets unenforceable.

Recent legislative proposals could affect the non-dischargeability of education loans in bankruptcy. If the legislative proposals are enacted, it could adversely affect the loan portfolios under our Monogram platform, including loans for which we have provided credit enhancements with our partnered lenders, and adversely affect the overall desirability of private education loan assets to investors.

Under current law, education loans can be discharged in bankruptcy only upon a court finding of “undue hardship” if the borrower were required to continue to make loan payments. Legislation has been introduced in both houses of Congress that would generally end the bankruptcy exemption from dischargeability for certain private education loans. If enacted as initially proposed, this legislation would apply retroactively to private education loans already made, and would not require the borrower to make any payments before seeking discharge in bankruptcy. This legislation is substantially similar to legislation that was introduced in both houses of Congress in the last Congress. If enacted in this Congress, such legislation may adversely affect the performance of the education loans under our Monogram platform, restrict the availability of capital to fund education loans and increase loan pricing to borrowers to compensate for the additional risk of bankruptcy discharge, which could adversely affect the competitiveness of our Monogram platform and our ability to engage lenders to fund loans based on our Monogram platform.

In addition, the July 2012 report on private education lending released by the CFPB recommended that the U.S. Congress reconsider the advisability of continuing the current non-dischargeable status of private education loans.

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Recent litigation has sought to re-characterize certain loan marketers and other originators as lenders; if litigation on similar theories were successful against us or any third-party marketer we work with, the education loans that we facilitate would be subject to individual state consumer protection laws.

A majority of the lenders with which we work are federally-insured banks and credit unions. As a result, they are able to charge the interest rates, fees and other charges available to the most favored lender in their home state. In addition, our lender clients or prospective lender clients may be chartered by the federal government and enjoy preemption from enforcement of state consumer protection laws. In providing our education loan services to our lender clients, we do not act as a lender, guarantor or loan servicer, and the terms of the education loans that we facilitate are regulated in accordance with the laws and regulations applicable to the lenders.

The association between marketers of high-interest “payday” loans, tax-return anticipation loans, or subprime credit cards, and online payment services, on the one hand, and banks, on the other hand, has come under recent scrutiny. Recent litigation asserts that loan marketers use lenders with a bank charter that authorizes the lender to charge the most favored interest rate available in the lender’s home state in order to evade usury and interest rate caps, and other consumer protection laws imposed by the states where they do business. Such litigation has sought, successfully in some instances, to re-characterize the loan marketer as the lender for purposes of state consumer protection law restrictions. Similar civil actions have been brought in the context of gift cards. Moreover, federal banking regulators and the FTC have undertaken enforcement actions challenging the activities of certain loan marketers and their bank partners, particularly in the context of subprime credit cards. We believe that our activities, and the activities of third parties whose marketing on behalf of lenders may be coordinated by us, are distinguishable from the activities involved in these cases.

Additional state consumer protection laws would be applicable to the education loans we facilitate if we, or any third-party loan marketer engaged by us, were re-characterized as a lender, and the education loans (or the provisions governing interest rates, fees and other charges) could be unenforceable unless we or a third-party loan marketer had the requisite licenses or other authority to make such loans. In addition, we could be subject to claims by consumers, as well as enforcement actions by regulators. Even if we were not required to cease doing business with residents of certain states or to change our business practices to comply with applicable laws and regulations, we could be required to register or obtain licenses or regulatory approvals that could impose a substantial delay or cost to us. There have been no actions taken or threatened against us on the theory that we have engaged in unauthorized lending; however, if such actions occurred, they could have a material adverse effect on our business.

Risks Related to Ownership of Our Common Stock

The price of our common stock may be volatile.

The trading price of our common stock may fluctuate substantially, depending on many factors, some of which are beyond our control and may not be related to our operating performance. These fluctuations could cause you to lose part or all of your investment in your shares of our common stock. Those factors that could cause fluctuations include, but are not limited to, the following:

• The success of our Monogram platform, our fee-for-service offerings, our TMS offerings and our Cology LLC offerings;

• Announcements by us, our competitors or our potential competitors of acquisitions, new products or services, significant contracts, commercial relationships or capital markets activities;

• Actual or anticipated changes in our earnings or fluctuations in our operating results or in the expectations of securities analysts, including as a result of the timing, size or structure of any portfolio funding transactions;

• Developments or the perception of developments in litigation or proceedings in which we are involved, including any challenges to tax refunds previously received in the amounts of $176.6 million and $45.1 million as a result of the ongoing IRS audit of our past tax returns, including as a result of the NOPAs we received on September 10, 2013, the resolution of our appeal of the ATB Order in the cases pertaining to our Massachusetts state income tax return, the purported class action filed against FMD and certain of FMD’s officers in the United States District Court for the District of Massachusetts in August 2013 and the related derivative action filed against certain of FMD’s officers and certain current or former members of FMD’s Board of Directors in the United States District Court for the District of Massachusetts in October 2013;

• Difficulties we may encounter in structuring securitizations or alternative financings, including disruptions in the education loan ABS market or demand for securities offered by securitization trusts that we facilitate, or the loss of opportunities to structure securitization transactions;

• General economic conditions and trends, including unemployment rates and economic pressure on consumer asset classes such as education loans;

• Legislative initiatives affecting federal or private education loans, including initiatives relating to bankruptcy dischargeability and the federal budget and regulations implementing the Dodd-Frank Act;

• Changes in the education finance marketplace generally;

• Negative publicity about the education loan market generally or us specifically;

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• Regulatory developments or sanctions directed at Union Federal or us;

• Application of accounting policies and pronouncements, and their effects on our reported financial condition and results of operations, including future determinations under ASU 2009-17 to consolidate or deconsolidate VIEs;

• Price and volume fluctuations in the overall stock market and volatility in the ABS market, from time to time;

• Delisting of our common stock from the New York Stock Exchange, or NYSE, for failure to comply with NYSE continued listing standards, including without limitation, the NYSE’s average closing price standard;

• Negative investor reaction in response to the proposed 1-for-10 reverse stock split, should we obtain stockholder approval for such a transaction at our 2013 annual meeting of stockholders and should the FMD Board of Directors or a committee of the FMD Board of Directors determine it in FMD’s best interest to effect such a reverse stock split;

• Significant volatility in the market price and trading volume of financial services and process outsourcing companies;

• Major catastrophic events;

• Purchases or sales of large blocks of our common stock or other strategic investments involving us;

• Dilution from raising capital through a stock or other equity instrument issuance; or

• Departures or long-term unavailability of key personnel, including FMD’s Chief Executive Officer, who we believe has unique insights and experience at this point of change in our business and the education loan industry.

Securities class action litigation has often been brought against companies following periods of volatility in the market price of their securities. In August 2013, a purported class action was filed against us and certain of our current officers in the United States District Court for the District of Massachusetts. The plaintiff alleges, among other things, that the defendants made false and misleading statements and failed to disclose material information in various SEC filings, press releases and other public statements concerning our corporate income tax filings. The complaint alleges various claims under the Exchange Act and Rule 10b-5 promulgated thereunder. The complaint seeks, among other relief, class certification, unspecified damages, fees and such other relief as the court may deem just and proper. No class has been certified in the action. In addition, in October 2013, a different plaintiff filed a related derivative action in the same court against certain of FMD’s officers and certain current or former members of FMD’s Board of Directors. The plaintiff alleges, among other things, that the defendants breached their fiduciary duties to FMD by making, or not preventing, purported false and misleading statements concerning FMD’s corporate income tax filings. The plaintiff also asserts claims for unjust enrichment and corporate waste. The complaint seeks, among other relief, a return of all damages purportedly sustained by FMD as well as changes to corporate governance policies and procedures

The defendants in each action intend to vigorously defend themselves, however, there can be no assurance that the defense will be successful, and regardless of the merits of their defenses, the price of our common stock could be adversely affected by a perception of risk in connection with these lawsuits, including any such perception that may arise out of any adverse developments and/or an adverse resolution of either lawsuit. In addition, adverse developments and/or an adverse resolution of either lawsuit could have a material effect on our consolidated financial position and results of operations, which could, in turn, have a negative effect on the price of our common stock. Although we carry insurance for these types of claims, we are not presently able to reasonably estimate potential losses, if any, related to the lawsuit and a judgment significantly in excess of our insurance coverage could materially and adversely affect our financial condition, results of operations and cash flows.

We may not be able to adequately raise the price of our common stock to remain compliant with NYSE listing standards.

On September 23, 2013, we received notice from the NYSE stating that we were not in compliance with one of the continued listing standards of the NYSE. The applicable listing standard requires an average closing price of our common stock of not less than $1.00 per share over a consecutive 30-trading-day period. We have been provided a six-month cure period to regain compliance with the rule. We can regain compliance if, on the last trading day of any calendar month during the cure period, the closing price per share of our common stock is at least $1.00 and the average closing price per share of our common stock is at least $1.00 over the 30-trading-day period ending on the last trading day of that month. If we are unable to cure this non-compliance within the prescribed six-month period, the NYSE will commence delisting procedures. As of November 5, 2013, the closing price of our common stock was $0.86 per share.

Stockholders that own large blocks of our common stock could exercise substantial control over us and could limit your ability to influence the outcome of key transactions, including a change of control.

There are certain investors that hold large blocks of our common stock, which could impact the outcome of key transactions. In addition, our directors and executive officers owned approximately 9.5% of the outstanding shares of our common stock as of September 30, 2013, excluding shares issuable upon vesting of outstanding restricted stock units and shares issuable upon exercise of outstanding vested stock options. These stockholders, if acting together, could substantially influence matters requiring approval by our stockholders, including the election of directors and the approval of mergers or other extraordinary transactions. They may also have interests that differ from yours and may vote in a way with which you disagree and which may be adverse to your interests. The

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concentration of ownership may have the effect of delaying, preventing or deterring a change of control of our company, could deprive our stockholders of an opportunity to receive a premium for their common stock as part of a sale of our company and might ultimately affect the market price of our common stock.

Some provisions in our restated certificate of incorporation and amended and restated by-laws may deter third-parties from acquiring us.

Our restated certificate of incorporation and amended and restated by-laws contain provisions that may make the acquisition of our company more difficult without the approval of the FMD Board of Directors, including the following:

• Only the FMD Board of Directors, our Chairman of the Board or our President may call special meetings of our stockholders;

• Our stockholders may take action only at a meeting of our stockholders and not by written consent;

• We have authorized undesignated preferred stock, the terms of which may be established and shares of which may be issued without stockholder approval;

• Our directors may be removed only for cause by the affirmative vote of a majority of the directors present at a meeting duly held at which a quorum is present, or by the holders of 75% of the votes that all stockholders would be entitled to cast in the election of directors; and

• We impose advance notice requirements for stockholder proposals.

These anti-takeover defenses could discourage, delay or prevent a transaction involving a change in control of our company. These provisions could also discourage proxy contests and make it more difficult for you and other stockholders to elect directors of your choosing or cause us to take other corporate actions you desire.

Section 203 of the Delaware General Corporation Law may delay, defer or prevent a change in control that our stockholders might consider to be in their best interests.

We are subject to Section 203 of the Delaware General Corporation Law which, subject to certain exceptions, prohibits “business combinations” between a Delaware corporation and an “interested stockholder,” which is generally defined as a stockholder who becomes a beneficial owner of 15% or more of a Delaware corporation’s voting stock, for a three-year period following the date that such stockholder became an interested stockholder. Section 203 could have the effect of delaying, deferring or preventing a change in control that our stockholders might consider to be in their best interests.

Item 2. Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds

(c) Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities

The following table provides information as of and for the fiscal quarter ended September 30, 2013 regarding shares of our common stock that were repurchased under our 2003 stock incentive plan, as amended and restated, which we refer to as our 2003 Plan, and our 2011 stock incentive plan, which we refer to as our 2011 Plan:

	Total number of shares purchased		Average price paid per share		Total number of shares purchased as part of publicly announced plans or programs		Maximum number of shares that may yet be purchased under the plans or programs
July 1—31, 2013		—	$	—		—		N/A
August 1—31, 2013		542,422		1.18		—		N/A
September 1—30, 2013		42,168		0.80		—		N/A
Total Purchases of Equity Securities(1)		584,590	$	1.15		—		N/A

(1) Participants in our 2003 Plan and our 2011 Plan may elect to satisfy tax withholding obligations upon vesting of restricted stock units by delivering shares of our common stock, including shares retained from the restricted stock units creating the tax obligation. Our 2003 Plan was approved by stockholders on November 16, 2009 and had an expiration date of September 14, 2013. Our 2011 Plan was approved by stockholders on November 14, 2011 and has an expiration date of November 14, 2021.

Item 6. Exhibits.

See the Exhibit Index on the page immediately preceding the exhibits for a list of exhibits filed as part of this quarterly report, which Exhibit Index is incorporated herein by this reference.

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SIGNATURES

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned thereunto duly authorized.

	THE FIRST MARBLEHEAD CORPORATION
Date: November 8, 2013	By:	/s/    Kenneth Klipper
		Kenneth Klipper
		Managing Director and Chief Financial Officer
		(Duly Authorized Officer and Principal Financial Officer)

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EXHIBIT INDEX

Exhibit Number	Description
31.1	Chief Executive Officer—Certification pursuant to Rule 13a-14(a) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as adopted pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002
31.2	Chief Financial Officer—Certification pursuant to Rule 13a-14(a) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as adopted pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002
32.1	Chief Executive Officer—Certification pursuant to Rule 13a-14(b) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 and 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002
32.2	Chief Financial Officer—Certification pursuant to Rule 13a-14(b) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 and 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002
101.INS	Instance Document
101.SCH	Taxonomy Extension Schema Document
101.CAL	Taxonomy Calculation Linkbase Document
101.LAB	Taxonomy Label Linkbase Document
101.PRE	Taxonomy Presentation Linkbase Document
101.DEF	Taxonomy Extension Definition Linkbase Document

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