Non-Covered Loans and Allowance for Non-Covered Loan Losses | 6. Non-Covered Loans and Allowance for Non-Covered Loan Losses Non-covered loans refer to loans not covered by the FDIC loss-share agreements. Covered loans are discussed in Note 7 to the consolidated financial statements. Non-covered loans summarized by portfolio segment are as follows (in thousands). September 30, December 31, 2018 2017 Commercial and industrial $ 1,722,097 $ 1,681,205 Real estate 3,381,757 3,011,524 Construction and land development 1,052,409 962,605 Consumer 46,739 40,446 Broker-dealer (1) 593,276 577,889 6,796,278 6,273,669 Allowance for non-covered loan losses (58,861) (60,957) Total non-covered loans, net of allowance $ 6,737,417 $ 6,212,712 (1) Represents margin loans to customers and correspondents associated with our broker-dealer segment operations. In connection with the Bank Transactions, the Company acquired non-covered loans both with and without evidence of credit quality deterioration since origination. The following table presents the carrying values and the outstanding balances of non-covered PCI loans (in thousands). September 30, December 31, 2018 2017 Carrying amount $ 32,553 $ 37,204 Outstanding balance 47,698 51,064 Changes in the accretable yield for non-covered PCI loans were as follows (in thousands). Three Months Ended September 30, Nine Months Ended September 30, 2018 2017 2018 2017 Balance, beginning of period $ 5,259 $ 9,793 $ 7,013 $ 13,116 Additions 340 — 340 — Reclassifications from nonaccretable difference, net (1) 1,053 277 1,603 854 Disposals of loans — (603) (98) (664) Accretion (1,504) (1,851) (3,710) (5,690) Balance, end of period $ 5,148 $ 7,616 $ 5,148 $ 7,616 (1) Reclassifications from nonaccretable difference are primarily due to net increases in expected cash flows in the quarterly recasts. Reclassifications to nonaccretable difference occur when accruing loans are moved to non-accrual and expected cash flows are no longer predictable and the accretable yield is eliminated. The remaining nonaccretable difference for non-covered PCI loans was $21.3 million and $19.2 million at September 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017, respectively. Impaired loans exhibit a clear indication that the borrower’s cash flow may not be sufficient to meet contractual principal and interest payments, which generally occurs when a loan is 90 days past due unless the asset is both well secured and in the process of collection. Non-covered impaired loans include non-accrual loans, troubled debt restructurings (“TDRs”), PCI loans and partially charged-off loans. The amounts shown in the following tables include loans accounted for on an individual basis, as well as acquired Pooled Loans. For Pooled Loans, the recorded investment with allowance and the related allowance consider impairment measured at the pool level. Non-covered impaired loans, segregated between those considered to be PCI loans and those without credit impairment at acquisition, are summarized by class in the following tables (in thousands). Unpaid Recorded Recorded Total Contractual Investment with Investment with Recorded Related September 30, 2018 Principal Balance No Allowance Allowance Investment Allowance PCI Commercial and industrial: Secured $ 15,988 $ 4,392 $ 1,136 $ 5,528 $ 22 Unsecured 2,108 1,385 — 1,385 — Real estate: Secured by commercial properties 30,671 13,556 7,514 21,070 891 Secured by residential properties 6,149 1,879 1,974 3,853 319 Construction and land development: Residential construction loans — — — — — Commercial construction loans and land development 1,189 183 524 707 112 Consumer 2,039 10 — 10 — Broker-dealer — — — — — 58,144 21,405 11,148 32,553 1,344 Non-PCI Commercial and industrial: Secured 25,012 12,878 5,010 17,888 2,739 Unsecured 590 13 — 13 — Real estate: Secured by commercial properties 6,717 3,076 3,130 6,206 782 Secured by residential properties 1,225 769 — 769 — Construction and land development: Residential construction loans 15 — — — — Commercial construction loans and land development 3,475 2,857 545 3,402 49 Consumer 152 45 — 45 — Broker-dealer — — — — — 37,186 19,638 8,685 28,323 3,570 $ 95,330 $ 41,043 $ 19,833 $ 60,876 $ 4,914 Unpaid Recorded Recorded Total Contractual Investment with Investment with Recorded Related December 31, 2017 Principal Balance No Allowance Allowance Investment Allowance PCI Commercial and industrial: Secured $ 19,752 $ 3,610 $ 2,489 $ 6,099 $ 89 Unsecured — — — — — Real estate: Secured by commercial properties 34,598 7,583 12,092 19,675 1,391 Secured by residential properties 12,600 5,307 4,558 9,865 325 Construction and land development: Residential construction loans — — — — — Commercial construction loans and land development 2,001 428 1,010 1,438 215 Consumer 2,377 12 115 127 18 Broker-dealer — — — — — 71,328 16,940 20,264 37,204 2,038 Non-PCI Commercial and industrial: Secured 23,666 15,308 2,072 17,380 365 Unsecured 761 616 — 616 — Real estate: Secured by commercial properties 15,504 10,934 3,686 14,620 932 Secured by residential properties 1,596 1,177 — 1,177 — Construction and land development: Residential construction loans 15 — — — — Commercial construction loans and land development 653 — 611 611 93 Consumer 162 56 — 56 — Broker-dealer — — — — — 42,357 28,091 6,369 34,460 1,390 $ 113,685 $ 45,031 $ 26,633 $ 71,664 $ 3,428 Average recorded investment in non-covered impaired loans is summarized by class in the following table (in thousands). Three Months Ended September 30, Nine Months Ended September 30, 2018 2017 2018 2017 Commercial and industrial: Secured $ 23,654 $ 20,452 $ 23,448 $ 18,717 Unsecured 912 713 1,007 817 Real estate: Secured by commercial properties 28,488 35,458 30,786 36,606 Secured by residential properties 4,677 11,412 7,832 11,387 Construction and land development: Residential construction loans — — — 14 Commercial construction loans and land development 2,798 2,590 3,079 3,204 Consumer 52 324 119 382 Broker-dealer — — — — $ 60,581 $ 70,949 $ 66,271 $ 71,127 Non-covered non-accrual loans, excluding those classified as held for sale, are summarized by class in the following table (in thousands). September 30, December 31, 2018 2017 Commercial and industrial: Secured $ 21,310 $ 20,262 Unsecured 13 616 Real estate: Secured by commercial properties 7,506 14,620 Secured by residential properties 1,178 1,614 Construction and land development: Residential construction loans — — Commercial construction loans and land development 3,402 611 Consumer 45 56 Broker-dealer — — $ 33,454 $ 37,779 At September 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017, non-covered non-accrual loans included non-covered PCI loans of $5.1 million and $3.3 million, respectively, for which discount accretion has been suspended because the extent and timing of cash flows from these non-covered PCI loans can no longer be reasonably estimated. In addition to the non-covered non-accrual loans in the table above, $3.3 million and $2.7 million of real estate loans secured by residential properties and classified as held for sale were in non-accrual status at September 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017, respectively. Interest income, including recoveries and cash payments, recorded on non-covered impaired loans was $0.2 million and nominal during the three months ended September 30, 2018 and 2017, respectively, and $0.4 million and $0.3 million during the nine months ended September 30, 2018 and 2017, respectively. Except as noted above, non-covered PCI loans are considered to be performing due to the application of the accretion method. The Bank classifies loan modifications as TDRs when it concludes that it has both granted a concession to a debtor and that the debtor is experiencing financial difficulties. Loan modifications are typically structured to create affordable payments for the debtor and can be achieved in a variety of ways. The Bank modifies loans by reducing interest rates and/or lengthening loan amortization schedules. The Bank may also reconfigure a single loan into two or more loans (“A/B Note”). The typical A/B Note restructure results in a “bad” loan which is charged off and a “good” loan or loans, the terms of which comply with the Bank’s customary underwriting policies. The debt charged off on the “bad” loan is not forgiven to the debtor. The Bank did not grant any TDRs during three or nine months ended September 30, 2018 or during the three months ended September 30, 2017. Information regarding TDRs granted during the nine months ended September 30, 2017 is shown in the following tables (dollars in thousands). At September 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017, the Bank had nominal unadvanced commitments to borrowers whose loans have been restructured in TDRs. Nine Months Ended September 30, 2017 Number of Balance at Balance at Loans Extension End of Period Commercial and industrial: Secured 1 $ 1,357 $ 1,235 Unsecured — — — Real estate: Secured by commercial properties 1 1,481 1,385 Secured by residential properties — — — Construction and land development: Residential construction loans — — — Commercial construction loans and land development 1 655 626 Consumer — — — Broker-dealer — — — 3 $ 3,493 $ 3,246 All of the non-covered loan modifications included in the tables above involved payment term extensions. The Bank did not grant principal reductions on any restructured non-covered loans during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2018 and 2017. The following table presents information regarding TDRs granted during the twelve months preceding September 30, 2018 and 2017, respectively, for which a payment was at least 30 days past due (dollars in thousands). Twelve Months Preceding September 30, 2018 Twelve Months Preceding September 30, 2017 Number of Balance at Balance at Number of Balance at Balance at Loans Extension End of Period Loans Extension End of Period Commercial and industrial: Secured — $ — $ — — $ — $ — Unsecured — — — — — — Real estate: Secured by commercial properties 1 3,294 3,130 1 1,481 1,385 Secured by residential properties — — — — — — Construction and land development: Residential construction loans — — — — — — Commercial construction loans and land development — — — — — — Consumer — — — — — — Broker-dealer — — — — — — 1 $ 3,294 $ 3,130 1 $ 1,481 $ 1,385 An analysis of the aging of the Company’s non-covered loan portfolio is shown in the following tables (in thousands). Accruing Loans Loans Past Due Loans Past Due Loans Past Due Total Current PCI Total Past Due September 30, 2018 30-59 Days 60-89 Days 90 Days or More Past Due Loans Loans Loans Loans 90 Days or More Commercial and industrial: Secured $ 17,853 $ 12,710 $ 6,035 $ 36,598 $ 1,528,645 $ 5,528 $ 1,570,771 $ 3,544 Unsecured 2,417 460 — 2,877 147,064 1,385 151,326 — Real estate: Secured by commercial properties 6,970 3,130 1,821 11,921 2,445,812 21,070 2,478,803 — Secured by residential properties 1,248 663 696 2,607 896,494 3,853 902,954 688 Construction and land development: Residential construction loans 739 — — 739 240,901 — 241,640 — Commercial construction loans and land development 3,100 1,035 — 4,135 805,927 707 810,769 — Consumer 373 1,293 — 1,666 45,063 10 46,739 — Broker-dealer — — — — 593,276 — 593,276 — $ 32,700 $ 19,291 $ 8,552 $ 60,543 $ 6,703,182 $ 32,553 $ 6,796,278 $ 4,232 Accruing Loans Loans Past Due Loans Past Due Loans Past Due Total Current PCI Total Past Due December 31, 2017 30-59 Days 60-89 Days 90 Days or More Past Due Loans Loans Loans Loans 90 Days or More Commercial and industrial: Secured $ 2,060 $ 312 $ 5,714 $ 8,086 $ 1,544,131 $ 6,099 $ 1,558,316 $ 640 Unsecured 642 — — 642 122,247 — 122,889 — Real estate: Secured by commercial properties 442 — 2,195 2,637 2,213,331 19,675 2,235,643 — Secured by residential properties 1,490 1,290 418 3,198 762,818 9,865 775,881 — Construction and land development: Residential construction loans 315 — — 315 176,937 — 177,252 — Commercial construction loans and land development 1,370 101 — 1,471 782,444 1,438 785,353 — Consumer 194 20 — 214 40,105 127 40,446 — Broker-dealer — — — — 577,889 — 577,889 — $ 6,513 $ 1,723 $ 8,327 $ 16,563 $ 6,219,902 $ 37,204 $ 6,273,669 $ 640 In addition to the non-covered loans shown in the tables above, PrimeLending had $76.4 million and $84.5 million of loans included in loans held for sale (with an aggregate unpaid principal balance of $77.2 million and $85.2 million, respectively) that were 90 days past due and accruing interest at September 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017, respectively. These loans are guaranteed by U.S. government agencies and include loans that are subject to repurchase, or have been repurchased, by PrimeLending. Management tracks credit quality trends on a quarterly basis related to: (i) past due levels, (ii) non-performing asset levels, (iii) classified loan levels, (iv) net charge-offs, and (v) general economic conditions in state and local markets. The Company utilizes a risk grading matrix to assign a risk grade to each of the loans in its portfolio with the exception of broker-dealer margin loans. A risk rating is assigned based on an assessment of the borrower’s management, collateral position, financial capacity, and economic factors. The general characteristics of the various risk grades are described below. Pass – “Pass” loans present a range of acceptable risks to the Company. Loans that would be considered virtually risk-free are rated Pass – low risk. Loans that exhibit sound standards based on the grading factors above and present a reasonable risk to the Company are rated Pass – normal risk. Loans that exhibit a minor weakness in one or more of the grading criteria but still present an acceptable risk to the Company are rated Pass – high risk. Special Mention – “Special Mention” loans have potential weaknesses that deserve management’s close attention. If left uncorrected, these potential weaknesses may result in a deterioration of the repayment prospects for the loans and weaken the Company’s credit position at some future date. Special Mention loans are not adversely classified and do not expose the Company to sufficient risk to require adverse classification. Substandard – “Substandard” loans are inadequately protected by the current sound worth and paying capacity of the obligor or the collateral pledged, if any. Loans so classified must have a well-defined weakness or weaknesses that jeopardize the liquidation of the debt. They are characterized by the distinct possibility that the Company will sustain some loss if the deficiencies are not corrected. Many substandard loans are considered impaired. PCI – “PCI” loans exhibited evidence of credit deterioration at acquisition that made it probable that all contractually required principal payments would not be collected. The following tables present the internal risk grades of non-covered loans, as previously described, in the portfolio by class (in thousands). September 30, 2018 Pass Special Mention Substandard PCI Total Commercial and industrial: Secured $ 1,499,468 $ 7,289 $ 58,486 $ 5,528 $ 1,570,771 Unsecured 148,499 122 1,320 1,385 151,326 Real estate: Secured by commercial properties 2,399,783 — 57,950 21,070 2,478,803 Secured by residential properties 885,974 — 13,127 3,853 902,954 Construction and land development: Residential construction loans 241,640 — — — 241,640 Commercial construction loans and land development 806,594 — 3,468 707 810,769 Consumer 46,634 — 95 10 46,739 Broker-dealer 593,276 — — — 593,276 $ 6,621,868 $ 7,411 $ 134,446 $ 32,553 $ 6,796,278 December 31, 2017 Pass Special Mention Substandard PCI Total Commercial and industrial: Secured $ 1,483,502 $ 17,354 $ 51,361 $ 6,099 $ 1,558,316 Unsecured 121,774 — 1,115 — 122,889 Real estate: Secured by commercial properties 2,154,595 7,647 53,726 19,675 2,235,643 Secured by residential properties 756,091 — 9,925 9,865 775,881 Construction and land development: Residential construction loans 177,252 — — — 177,252 Commercial construction loans and land development 780,905 2,259 751 1,438 785,353 Consumer 40,211 — 108 127 40,446 Broker-dealer 577,889 — — — 577,889 $ 6,092,219 $ 27,260 $ 116,986 $ 37,204 $ 6,273,669 Allowance for Loan Losses The allowance for loan losses is subject to regulatory examinations and determinations as to adequacy, which may take into account such factors as the methodology used to calculate the allowance and the size of the allowance. The Company’s analysis of the level of the allowance for loan losses to ensure that it is appropriate for the estimated credit losses in the portfolio consistent with the Interagency Policy Statement on the Allowance for Loan and Lease Losses and the Receivables and Contingencies Topics of the ASC is described in detail in Note 5 to the consolidated financial statements included in the Company’s 2017 Form 10-K. Changes in the allowance for non-covered loan losses, distributed by portfolio segment, are shown below (in thousands). Commercial and Construction and Three Months Ended September 30, 2018 Industrial Real Estate Land Development Consumer Broker-Dealer Total Balance, beginning of period $ 23,517 $ 28,584 $ 7,271 $ 207 $ 417 $ 59,996 Provision (recovery) for loan losses (242) 450 443 27 (371) 307 Loans charged off (1,820) — — (26) — (1,846) Recoveries on charged off loans 366 31 — 7 — 404 Balance, end of period $ 21,821 $ 29,065 $ 7,714 $ 215 $ 46 $ 58,861 Commercial and Construction and Nine Months Ended September 30, 2018 Industrial Real Estate Land Development Consumer Broker-Dealer Total Balance, beginning of period $ 23,674 $ 28,775 $ 7,844 $ 311 $ 353 $ 60,957 Provision (recovery) for loan losses (123) 186 (130) (82) (307) (456) Loans charged off (5,236) (30) — (69) — (5,335) Recoveries on charged off loans 3,506 134 — 55 — 3,695 Balance, end of period $ 21,821 $ 29,065 $ 7,714 $ 215 $ 46 $ 58,861 Commercial and Construction and Three Months Ended September 30, 2017 Industrial Real Estate Land Development Consumer Broker-Dealer Total Balance, beginning of period $ 21,834 $ 28,734 $ 7,645 $ 524 $ 471 $ 59,208 Provision (recovery) for loan losses 2,165 (1,278) 144 (147) (405) 479 Loans charged off (1,264) (5) (3) (33) — (1,305) Recoveries on charged off loans 280 88 4 25 — 397 Balance, end of period $ 23,015 $ 27,539 $ 7,790 $ 369 $ 66 $ 58,779 Commercial and Construction and Nine Months Ended September 30, 2017 Industrial Real Estate Land Development Consumer Broker-Dealer Total Balance, beginning of period $ 21,369 $ 25,236 $ 7,002 $ 424 $ 155 $ 54,186 Provision (recovery) for loan losses 3,376 2,424 796 74 (89) 6,581 Loans charged off (3,070) (305) (13) (194) — (3,582) Recoveries on charged off loans 1,340 184 5 65 — 1,594 Balance, end of period $ 23,015 $ 27,539 $ 7,790 $ 369 $ 66 $ 58,779 The non-covered loan portfolio was distributed by portfolio segment and impairment methodology as shown below (in thousands). Commercial and Construction and September 30, 2018 Industrial Real Estate Land Development Consumer Broker-Dealer Total Loans individually evaluated for impairment $ 17,255 $ 5,947 $ 3,402 $ — $ — $ 26,604 Loans collectively evaluated for impairment 1,697,929 3,350,887 1,048,300 46,729 593,276 6,737,121 PCI Loans 6,913 24,923 707 10 — 32,553 $ 1,722,097 $ 3,381,757 $ 1,052,409 $ 46,739 $ 593,276 $ 6,796,278 Commercial and Construction and December 31, 2017 Industrial Real Estate Land Development Consumer Broker-Dealer Total Loans individually evaluated for impairment $ 16,819 $ 13,782 $ 611 $ — $ — $ 31,212 Loans collectively evaluated for impairment 1,658,287 2,968,202 960,556 40,319 577,889 6,205,253 PCI Loans 6,099 29,540 1,438 127 — 37,204 $ 1,681,205 $ 3,011,524 $ 962,605 $ 40,446 $ 577,889 $ 6,273,669 The allowance for non-covered loan losses was distributed by portfolio segment and impairment methodology as shown below (in thousands). Commercial and Construction and September 30, 2018 Industrial Real Estate Land Development Consumer Broker-Dealer Total Loans individually evaluated for impairment $ 2,739 $ 782 $ 49 $ — $ — $ 3,570 Loans collectively evaluated for impairment 19,060 27,073 7,553 215 46 53,947 PCI Loans 22 1,210 112 — — 1,344 $ 21,821 $ 29,065 $ 7,714 $ 215 $ 46 $ 58,861 Commercial and Construction and December 31, 2017 Industrial Real Estate Land Development Consumer Broker-Dealer Total Loans individually evaluated for impairment $ 365 $ 932 $ 93 $ — $ — $ 1,390 Loans collectively evaluated for impairment 23,220 26,127 7,536 293 353 57,529 PCI Loans 89 1,716 215 18 — 2,038 $ 23,674 $ 28,775 $ 7,844 $ 311 $ 353 $ 60,957 |