While most of our mask-making services are for customers that also utilize our wafer fabrication services as part of our overall foundry service, we also produce masks for other domestic and overseas fabs as a separate revenue-generating service. Our mask shop also cooperates with our research and development department to develop new technologies and designs.
Our mask-making facility, which is located in Shanghai, includes a 3,750 square meters clean room with up to class I specifications. At present, our mask shop offers both five-inch by five-inch, six-inch by six-inch, and seven-inch round reticles. Our facility is capable of producing binary masks, optical proximity correction masks and phase shift masks. Our mask facility also offers mask repair services. As of December 31, 2009, we had 192 personnel employed in our mask shop.
We also offer a multi-project wafer service that allows the cost of manufacturing one mask set to be shared among several customers. See “Item 4 - Customers and Markets” for more details regarding this service.
Intellectual property protection is a key focus of our mask-making services. See “Intellectual Property” for more details regarding the intellectual property protection measures we have instituted in our mask facility.
We have our own probing facilities in Shanghai and Beijing that provide test program development, probe card fabrication, wafer probing, failure analysis, and failure testing. We also outsource these services to our partners for those customers that request them.
Our probing facility in Shanghai occupies a clean room space of 3,000 square meters, and our probing facility in Beijing occupies a clean room space of 1,400 square meters. Both facilities are rated at class 1,000 cleanliness and are equipped with advanced testers, probers and laser repair machines for logic, memory, and mixed-signal products. The probing facility in Beijing supports testing of Beijing’s 12-inch wafers and Tianjin’s 8-inch wafers. We employ more than 198 personnel to provide these probing services. We have testing equipment for memory, logic and mixed signal applications, including some equipment that has been consigned to our Shanghai facility by our customers. This consigned testing equipment has been specially designed and built by our customers in order to probe their particular products at our facility.
Our facility with United Test and Assembly Center Ltd. is located in Chengdu, China and provides both assembly and testing services for 8-inch and 12-inch wafers. This facility focuses on memory and discrete devices. Our facility in Chengdu occupies a total area of 215,000 square meters. Construction area is 40,668 square meters, including approximately 11,000 square meters of clean room area. We have also established a network of partners that provide additional probing services, as well as assembly and testing services, for our customers that request these additional services. We have relationships with assembly and testing partners, including Amkor Assembly & Test (Shanghai) Co., Ltd. and ST Assembly Test Services Ltd., which have helped to enhance the range of services that we are able to offer our customers.
Customers and Markets
Our customers include IDMs, fabless semiconductor companies and systems companies. The following table sets forth the breakdown of our sales by customer type for 2007, 2008 and 2009:
| | For the year ended December 31, |
| | 2007 | | 2008 | | 2009 |
Customer Type | | Sales | | Percentage | | Sales | | Percentage | | Sales | | Percentage |
| | (in US$ thousands, except percentages) |
Fabless semiconductor companies | | 720,416 | | 46.50 | % | | 768,707 | | 56.80 | % | | 710,142 | | 66.34 | % |
Integrated device manufacturers | | 634,607 | | 40.90 | % | | 341,933 | | 25.30 | % | | 175,092 | | 16.36 | % |
Systems companies and others | | 194,742 | | 12.60 | % | | 243,071 | | 17.90 | % | | 185,153 | | 17.30 | % |
|
Total | | 1,549,765 | | 100.00 | % | | 1,353,711 | | 100.00 | % | | 1,070,387 | | 100.00 | % |
We categorize our sales geographically based on the headquarter of customer operations and is not related to shipment destination. The following table sets forth the geographical distribution of our sales and percentage of sales for 2007, 2008 and 2009:
| | For the year ended December 31, |
| | 2007 | | 2008 | | 2009 |
Region | | Sales | | Percentage | | Sales | | Percentage | | Sales | | Percentage |
| | (in US$ thousands, except percentages) |
United States | | | 657,603 | | 42.40 | % | | 766,708 | | 56.70 | % | | 632,047 | | 59.05 | % |
Europe | | | 328,710 | | 21.20 | % | | 92,573 | | 6.80 | % | | 20,807 | | 1.94 | % |
Asia Pacific (excluding Japan and Taiwan)(1) | | | 227,973 | | 14.70 | % | | 269,611 | | 19.90 | % | | 250,224 | | 23.38 | % |
Taiwan | | | 183,114 | | 11.80 | % | | 185,849 | | 13.70 | % | | 157,624 | | 14.73 | % |
Japan | | | 152,365 | | 9.90 | % | | 38,970 | | 2.90 | % | | 9,685 | | 0.90 | % |
|
Total | | $ | 1,549,765 | | 100.00 | % | | 1,353,711 | | 100.00 | % | | 1,070,387 | | 100.00 | % |
We have a global and diversified customer base that includes IDMs. Although we are not dependent on any single customer, a significant portion of our sales is attributable to a relatively small number of our customers. Our sales could be significantly reduced if any of these customers cancels or reduces its orders, significantly changes its product delivery schedule or demands lower prices.
In the first quarter of 2008, the Company reached an agreement with our customers to completely exit the commodity DRAM business. The conversion of DRAM capacity into logic production was completed on schedule in the fourth quarter of 2008. As a result, our Beijing 300mm logic capacity has placed us in a better position to serve our global and China customers. In connection with the decision to exit the commodity DRAM business, we recorded an impairment loss of $105.8 million on long-lived assets during the first quarter of 2008.
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The following table sets forth a breakdown of our sales by application type for 2007, 2008 and 2009:
| | For the year ended December 31, |
| | 2007 | | 2008 | | 2009 |
Application Type(1) | | Sales | | Percentage | | Sales | | Percentage | | Sales | | Percentage |
| | (in US$ thousands, except percentages) |
Computing | | | 402,262 | | 26.00 | % | | 106,184 | | 7.80 | % | | 55,431 | | 5.18 | % |
Communications | | | 695,645 | | 44.90 | % | | 696,399 | | 51.50 | % | | 531,876 | | 49.69 | % |
Consumer | | | 323,230 | | 20.90 | % | | 430,282 | | 31.80 | % | | 407,775 | | 38.10 | % |
Others | | | 128,628 | | 8.20 | % | | 120,846 | | 8.90 | % | | 75,305 | | 7.03 | % |
Total | | $ | 1,549,765 | | 100.00 | % | | 1,353,711 | | 100.00 | % | | 1,070,387 | | 100.00 | % |
____________________
(1) | | “Computing” consists of integrated circuits such as hard disk drive controllers, DVD-ROM/CD-ROM driver integrated circuits, graphic processors and other components that are commonly used in personal digital assistants and desktop and notebook computers and peripherals. “Communications” consists of integrated circuits used in digital subscriber lines, digital signal processors, wireless LAN, LAN controllers, LCD drivers, handset components and caller ID devices. “Consumer” consists of integrated circuits used for DVD players, game consoles, digital cameras, smart cards and toys. |
The following table sets forth a breakdown of our sales by service type for 2007, 2008 and 2009:
| | For the year ended December 31, |
| | 2007 | | 2008 | | 2009 |
Service Type | | Sales | | Percentage | | Sales | | Percentage | | Sales | | Percentage |
| | (in US$ thousands, except percentages) |
Fabrication of memory wafers | | | 428,355 | | 27.60 | % | | 71,935 | | 5.30 | % | | 35,648 | | 3.33 | % |
Fabrication of logic wafers(1) | | | 985,776 | | 63.60 | % | | 1,139,535 | | 84.20 | % | | 959,689 | | 89.66 | % |
Other(2) | | | 135,634 | | 8.80 | % | | 142,241 | | 10.50 | % | | 75,050 | | 7.01 | % |
Total | | $ | 1,549,765 | | 100.00 | % | | 1,353,711 | | 100.00 | % | | 1,070,387 | | 100.00 | % |
____________________ | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
(1) | | Includes copper interconnects and memory devices whose manufacturing process is similar to that for a logic device. |
|
(2) | | Includes mask-making and probing, etc. |
We have customer service and marketing offices located in California, Milan, Shanghai, and Tokyo and a representative office in Hong Kong. Our Shanghai office serves China and other non-Japan Asian markets, our California office serves the North American market, and our Milan and Tokyo offices serve the European and Japanese markets, respectively. We also sell some products through sales agents in selected markets.
We also provide our customers with the ability to share costs through our multi-project wafer processing “shuttle service.” This service allows customers to share costs with other customers by processing multiple designs on a single mask set.
We provide our customers with 24-hour online access to necessary information to conduct business with us. From our technical capabilities to a customer’s order status, we provide an online solution for our customers. From wafer fabrication, wafer sorting and assembly to final testing and shipping, our data center electronically transfers data, work-in-progress tracking, yield/cycle-time reports, and quality/engineering data to customers.
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Our sales cycle, meaning the time between our first contact with a customer in relation to a particular product and our first shipment of that product to the customer, typically lasts between three months to one year, depending on the type of process and product technology involved in the product we are requested to fabricate. Because of the fast-changing technology and functionality in integrated circuit design, foundry customers generally do not place purchase orders far in advance to fabricate a particular type of product. However, we engage in discussions with customers commencing in advance of the placement of purchase orders regarding customers’ expected fabrication requirements. See “Risk Factors - Risks Related to Our Financial Condition and Business - Our sales cycles can be long, which could adversely affect our operating results and cause our income stream to be unpredictable.”
See “Item 5 - Operating and Financial Review and Prospects - Sales” for a description of the seasonality of our business.
Research and Development
Our research and development activities are principally directed toward the development and implementation of more advanced and lower cost process technology. We spent US$97.0 million in 2007, US$102.2 million in 2008, and US$160.8 million in 2009 on research and development expenses, which represented 6.3%, 7.6%, and 15.0% respectively, of our sales in those respective years. Our research and development costs are partially offset by related government subsidies and include non-recurring engineering costs associated with the ramp-up of a new wafer facility. We plan to continue to invest significant amounts in research and development in 2010 for our 65 and 45 nanometer manufacturing process.
The research and development efforts were focused primarily on our logic platform and system-on-chip (SOC) applications. In June 2009, SMIC achieved Silicon Success with High Performance 45 nanometer Process. For 45 nanometer offerings, we extended the offerings to 40 nanometer and 55 nanometer. We also adopts Cadence DFM Solutions for 65-and-45-nanometer IP/Library Development and Full Chip Production.
We employ approximately 700 research and development engineers. This research and development team includes many experienced semiconductor engineers with advanced degrees from leading universities around the world, as well as top graduates from the leading universities in China. We believe this combination has enabled us to quickly bring our technology in line with the semiconductor industry technology roadmap and ensures that we will have skilled personnel to lead our technology advancement in the future.
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Intellectual Property
While we continue to develop and patent our own technologies, we expect to have an ongoing need to obtain licenses for the proprietary technologies of third parties to enable us to manufacture certain advanced wafers for our customers. As of 2009 year-end, we have been granted nine hundred sixty two patents, and have more than two thousand seven hundred thirty one patent applications pending worldwide. We believe our competitors and other industry participants have numerous patents concerning wafer fabrication and related technologies in multiple countries.
We implement a variety of measures to protect the intellectual property and related interests of our company, customers and technology partners. We require our employees to execute a confidential information and invention assignment agreement relating to non-competition and intellectual property protection issues prior to commencing their employment at our company. Access to customer information is granted to employees strictly on a need-to-know basis both during and after mask tooling.
We have applied for trademarks relating to our corporate logo, English trade name “SMIC”, and Chinese trade name in the United States, China, Hong Kong and Taiwan. We have been granted registration of trademarks for our corporate logo in China, English trade name in China, and Chinese trade name in Hong Kong, United States and China (except a dispute in China for certain applied product/service category). There can be no assurance that other trademarks registration will be granted.
Competition
We compete internationally and domestically with dedicated foundry service providers, as well as with semiconductor companies that allocate a portion of their fabrication capacity to foundry operations. While the principal elements of competition in the wafer foundry market include technical competence, production speed and cycle time, time-to-market, research and development quality, available capacity, yields, customer service and price, we seek to compete on the basis of process technology capabilities, performance, quality and service, rather than solely on price. The level of competition differs according to the process technology involved.
Our competitors and potential competitors include other pure-play foundries such as TSMC, UMC and GlobalFoundries. TSMC has commenced commercial production at its fab in China, and UMC has established a relationship with a fab in commercial production in China. Another group of potential competitors consists of IDMs that have established their own foundry capabilities. These include Fujitsu Limited, IBM, Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd. and Toshiba. IDMs are primarily dedicated to fabricating integrated circuits for the end products of their respective affiliates. See “Risk Factors-Risks Related to Our Financial Condition and Business - If we cannot compete successfully in our industry, particularly in China, our results of operations and financial condition will be adversely affected.”
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Quality and Reliability
We have implemented quality assurance measures relating to material quality control, monitoring of our in-line processes and wafer-level reliability control at every stage of our operations from technology development to production. By combining advanced quality assurance procedures and e-commerce technology, we monitor all processes, services and materials in our mask-making, wafer fabrication and probing facilities. These quality assurance measures include inspection of incoming materials, supplier and subcontractor management, manufacturing environmental control and monitoring, in-line defect monitoring, engineering change control, calibration monitoring, chemical analysis and visual inspection. Quality assurance measures also include on-going process and product reliability monitors and failure tracking for early identification of production problems.
We incorporate reliability control in our entire production process and have adopted a system that enables us to track and record wafer-, package- and product-level reliability data throughout the development, qualification and production stages of the relevant process or device. This data enables us to identify problems at an early stage and provide an immediate diagnosis and solution, so as to further reduce our failure rate.
We achieved ISO 9001:2000 certification from the British Standards Institute with zero-defect performance for our Fab 1 in July 2002 and for our Fab 2 and Fab 3B in March 2003. The ISO 9001 quality standards were established by the International Standards Organization, an organization formed by delegates from member countries to establish international quality assurance standards for products and manufacturing processes. International Standards Organization certification is required in connection with sales of industrial products in many countries. To further enhance our quality management system, we obtained TS 16949:2002 certification from the British Standards Institute (BSI) in February 2004. This is an International Standards Organization quality management certification that relates to automobile applications and primarily measures a device’s ability to handle extreme changes in temperature. In January 2005, we obtained TL9000 Quality Management System certification from BSI. This is a management certification relating to the telecommunications industry and evaluates research and development, production and installation and maintenance of communication product and services.
Raw Materials
Our fabrication processes uses many raw materials, primarily silicon wafers, chemicals, gases, and various types of precious and other metals. Raw material costs constituted 21%, 19% and 18% of our manufacturing costs in 2007, 2008 and 2009, respectively.
The three largest components of raw material costs - raw wafers, chemicals and gases - accounted for approximately 47%, 20% and 10%, respectively, of our raw material costs in 2007, approximately 40%, 20%, and 9%, respectively, of our raw material costs in 2008, and approximately 38%, 21%, and 10%, respectively, of our raw materials in 2009. Most of our raw materials generally are available from several suppliers, but substantially all of our principal materials requirements must currently be sourced from outside China.
The most important raw material used in our production is silicon in the form of raw wafers. In 2009, we purchased approximately 76% of our overall raw wafer requirements from our three major raw wafer suppliers. The prices of our principal raw material are not considered to be volatile.
For 2009, our largest and five largest raw materials suppliers accounted for approximately 11.2% and 43.2%, respectively, of our overall raw materials purchases. For 2008, our largest and five largest raw materials suppliers accounted for approximately 8.0% and 32.3%, respectively, of our overall raw materials purchases. For 2007, our largest and five largest raw materials suppliers accounted for approximately 14.0% and 48.2%, respectively, of our overall raw materials purchases. Having made all reasonable inquiry, we are not aware of any director or shareholder (which to the knowledge of our directors own more than 5% of our issued share capital) or their respective associates, which had shareholding interests in any of our five largest suppliers. Most of our materials are imported free of value-added tax and import duties due to concessions granted to our industry in China.
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Electricity and Water
We use substantial amounts of electricity in our manufacturing process. This electricity is sourced from the Pudong Electricity Corporation (for Shanghai), the Beijing Municipal Electricity Department, the Tianjin Municipal Electricity Department, the PiXian Municipal Electricity Department (for Chengdu), and the Shenzhen PanGuShi Municipal Electricity Department. We maintain Uninterrupted Power Supply (UPS) systems and emergency back-up generators to power life safety and critical equipment and systems for emergencies.
The semiconductor manufacturing process also uses extensive amounts of fresh water. We source our fresh water for our Shanghai mega-fab from Pudong Vivendi Water Corporation Limited, for our Beijing mega-fab from Beijing Waterworks Group Co. Ltd., for our Tianjin fab from the Tianjin Municipal Water Department, for our Chengdu facility from the Xipu Water Corporation, Ltd., and for our Shenzhen facility from Grand Industrial Zone Water Company of Shenzhen. Because Beijing and Tianjin are subject to potential water shortages in the summer, our fabs in Beijing and Tianjin are equipped with back-up reservoirs. We have taken steps to reduce fresh water consumption in our fabs and capture rainwater for use at our Beijing and Tianjin facilities, and our water recycling systems in each of our fabs allow us to recycle up to 70% of the water used during the manufacturing process. The Beijing site is also equipped to use recycled/treated industrial waste water from the Beijing Economic and Technological Development Area for non-critical operations.
Regulation
Integrated circuit industry in China is subject to substantial regulation by the Chinese government. This section sets forth a summary of the most significant Chinese regulations that affect our business in China.
Scope of Regulation
The Several Policies to Encourage the Development of Software and Integrated Circuit Industry, or the Integrated Circuit Policies, promulgated by the State Council of The People’s Republic of China on June 24, 2000, together with other ancillary laws and regulations, regulates integrated circuit production enterprises, or ICPEs. The State Council issued the Integrated Circuit Policies in order to encourage the development of the software and integrated circuits industry in China. The Integrated Circuit Policies form the basis for a series of laws and regulations that set out in detail the preferential policies relating to ICPEs. Such laws and regulations include:
- the Notice of the Ministry of Finance, the State Administration of Taxation and the General Administration of Customs on Relevant Taxation Policy Encouraging the Further Development of the Software Industry and the Integrated Circuit Industry, or the Integrated Circuit Notice, jointly issued by the Ministry of Finance, the State Administration of Taxation and the General Administration of Customs on September 22, 2000, as amended by the Notice of the Ministry of Finance and the State Administration of Taxation on Approval Procedure Concerning Foreign Invested Enterprises’ Implementing Enterprise Income Tax Policies of the Software and Integrated Circuit Industry, or the Approval Notice, jointly issued by the Ministry of Finance and the State Administration of Taxation on July 1, 2005;
- the Notice of the Ministry of Finance, the State Administration of Taxation on Taxation Policies Concerning the Tax Policies for Further Encouraging the Development of the Software and the Integrated Circuit Industry, or the Further Development Taxation Notice, jointly issued by the Ministry of Finance and the State Administration of Taxation on October 10, 2002, as amended by Notice of the Ministry of Finance, the State Administration of Taxation on Termination of Value-added Tax Refund Policies for Integrated Circuits, or the Termination Notice, jointly issued by the Ministry of Finance and the State Administration of Taxation on October 25, 2004;
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- the Notice of the Ministry of Finance on Taxation Policies Concerning the Import of Self-used Raw Materials and Consumables by Part of Integrated Circuit Production Enterprises, or the Raw Materials Taxation Notice, issued by the Ministry of Finance on August 24, 2002;
- the Notice on Taxation Policies Concerning the Import of Construction Materials Specially used for Clean Rooms by Part of the Integrated Circuit Production Enterprises, or the Construction Materials Taxation Notice, issued by the Ministry of Finance on September 26, 2002;
- the Notice by the Ministry of Finance and the State Administration of Taxation on Increasing Tax Refund Rate for Export of Certain Information Technology(IT) Products, or the Export Notice, issued by the Ministry of Finance and the State Administration of Taxation on December 10, 2004;
- the Measures for the Accreditation of the Integrated Circuit Enterprise Encouraged by the State (For Trial Implementation), or the Accreditation Measures, jointly issued by the National Development and Reform Commission, the Ministry of Information Industry, the State Administration of Taxation and the General Administration of Customs on October 21, 2005; and
- the Interim Measures for the Management of the Special Fund for the Research and Development of the Integrated Circuit Industry, or the Fund Measures, jointly issued by the Ministry of Finance, the Ministry of Information Industry and the National Development and Reform Commission on March 23, 2005.
Preferential Industrial Policies Relating to ICPEs
ICPEs which are duly accredited in accordance with relevant laws and regulations may qualify for preferential industrial policies. Under the Integrated Circuit Policies, accreditation of ICPEs is determined by the competent examination and approval authorities responsible for integrated circuit projects after consultation with relevant taxation authorities. Under the Accreditation Measures, an integrated circuit enterprise refers to an independent legal entity duly established in the PRC (except for Hong Kong, Macao, and Taiwan) engaging in the fabrication, package, or testing of integrated circuit chips and the production of mono-crystalline silicon of six inches or above, excluding the integrated circuit design enterprise. The accreditation of ICPEs is included in the accreditation of the integrated circuit enterprises. Such accreditation is determined by the competent authorities consisting of the National Development and Reform Commission, the Ministry of Information Industry, the State Administration of Taxation and the General Administration of Customs, which jointly designate the China Semiconductor Industrial Association as the accreditation institution. Any enterprise qualified under the requirements set forth in the Accreditation Measures is entitled to apply to the China Semiconductor Association for the Accreditation of the ICPEs. The accreditation of ICPEs is annually reviewed. If the enterprise fails to apply for the annual review in time, it shall be deemed as giving up such accreditation and if the enterprise fails in the annual review, the accreditation will also be canceled.
SMIC Shanghai, SMIC Beijing, and SMIC Tianjin have been accredited as ICPEs and are entitled to the preferential industrial policies described below.
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Encouragement of Domestic Investment in ICPEs
Pursuant to the Interim Provisions on Promoting Industrial Structure Adjustment, or the Interim Provisions, issued by the State Council on December 2, 2005, and the Catalogue for the Guidance of Industrial Structure Adjustment, or the Guidance Catalogue, which is the basis and criteria for implementing the Interim Provisions, issued by the National Development and Reform Commission and all the State Council Institutions on December 2, 2005, the Chinese government encourages (i) the design and fabrication of large scale integrated circuits with a line width of less than 1.2 micron, (ii) the fabrication of the equipment of large scale integrated circuit and (iii) the fabrication of mixed integrated circuits. Under the Interim Provisions, imported equipment that is used for a qualifying domestic investment project and that falls within such project’s approved total investment amount is exempt from custom duties and import-linked value-added tax, except for such equipment listed in the Catalogue of Import Commodities for Domestic Investment Projects Not Entitled to Tax Exemptions, as stipulated by the State Council and amended in 2006.
Encouragement of Foreign Investment in ICPEs
Pursuant to the Integrated Circuit Policies and the Guideline Catalogue of Foreign Investment Industries promulgated jointly by the State Development and Reform Commission and the Ministry of Commerce on October 11, 2007, the following foreign investment categories are encouraged:
- design of integrated circuits;
- fabrication of large scale integrated circuits with a line width of less than 0.18 micron (including 0.18 micron);
- fabrication of analog and analog digital integrated circuits with a line width of less than 0.8 micron (including 0.8 micron);
- advanced packaging and testing of BGA, PGA, CSP, MCM;
- fabrication of mixed integrated circuits.
Foreign investment in such encouraged projects may enjoy preferential treatment as stipulated by the laws and regulations.
Preferential Taxation Policies
Preferential Value-added Tax Policy
Under Article 1 of the Further Development Taxation Notice (October 10, 2002 No. 70 [2002] Cai-Shui), from January 1, 2002 to the end of 2010, the sale of integrated circuits (including monocrystalline silicon chips) is subject to a value-added tax levy of 17%. After the value-added tax is levied, the taxpayer is to be entitled to a refund for the portion exceeding 3% of the actual value-added tax burden. The tax refund was required to be used by the enterprise for the research and development of integrated circuits and to increase production.
Under the Termination Notice (No. 174 [2004] of the Ministry of Finance), as of April 1, 2005, implementation of Article 1 of the Further Development Taxation Notice was terminated.
Under the Export Notice (No. 200 [2004] Cai-Shui), as of November 1, 2004, the tax refund rate for exports of electronic integrated circuits and micro-assemblies is to increase from 13% to 17%.
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Preferential Enterprise Income Tax Policies
Under Article 42 of the Integrated Circuit Policies (No. 18 [2000] Guo-Fa), Article 2(3) of the Integrated Circuit (Notice No. 25 [2000] Cai-Shui) and Article 1 of the Notice by the Ministry of Finance and the State Administration of Taxation on Several Preferential Policies for Income Tax (No. 1 [2000] Cai-Shui), ICPEs whose total investment exceeds Rmb 8,000 million (approximately US$967 million) or whose integrated circuits have a line-width of less than 0.25 micron are entitled to preferential tax treatment similar to that granted for foreign investment in the energy and communications industries. SMIC Shanghai, SMIC Beijing and SMIC Tianjin are entitled to a full exemption from FEIT for five years starting with the first year of positive accumulated earnings and a 50% reduction for the following five years or “five year exemption and five year reduction”.
From January 1, 2002 to the end of 2010, investors in ICPEs and integrated circuit packaging enterprises that reinvest their after-income-tax profits from ICPEs for the purpose of increasing the registered capital in the ICPEs, or to establish other ICPEs and integrated circuit packaging enterprises for a period of operation of not less than five years, are entitled to a refund of 40% of the total amount of enterprise income tax paid on the reinvested portion. If the investment is withdrawn before the period of operation reaches five years, the amount of enterprise income tax refunded shall be repaid. From January 1, 2002 to the end of 2010, domestic or foreign investors that reinvest their after income-tax profits from sources within China in order to establish ICPEs or integrated circuit package enterprises in China’s western regions for a period of operation of not less than five years are entitled to a refund of 80% of total amount of enterprise income tax paid on the reinvested portion. If the investment is withdrawn before the period of operation reaches five years, the amount of enterprise income tax refunded shall be repaid.
On March 16, 2007, the National People’s Congress, the PRC legislature, approved and promulgated a new tax law named Enterprise Income Tax Law, On December 6, 2007, the PRC State Council issued the Implementation Regulations of the Enterprise Income Tax Law, both of which became effective on January 1, 2008. The Enterprise Income Tax Law and its Implementation Regulations, or the new EIT law, FIEs and domestic companies are subject to a uniform tax rate of 25%. The new EIT law eliminates or modifies most of the tax exemptions, reductions and preferential treatments available under the previous tax laws and regulations. The State Council issued the Notice of the State Council on the Implementation of the Transitional Preferential Policies in respect of Enterprise Income Tax on December 26, 2007, enterprises that were established before March 16, 2007 and already enjoy preferential tax treatments will (i) in the case of preferential tax rates, continue to enjoy the tax rates which will be gradually increased to the new tax rates within five years from January 1, 2008 or (ii) in the case of preferential tax exemption or reduction for a specified term, continue to enjoy the preferential tax holiday until the expiration of such term. Thus, SMIC Shanghai, SMIC Beijing and SMIC Tianjin could fall into condition (ii) and may be entitled to the “five year exemption and five year reduction” as subject to the final recognition by the PRC tax authorities. While the new EIT Law equalizes the tax rates for FIEs and domestic companies, preferential tax treatment would continue to be given to companies in certain encouraged sectors and to entities classified as high and new technology enterprises supported by the PRC government, whether FIEs or domestic enterprises. According to the new EIT Law, entities that qualify as high and new technology enterprises especially supported by the PRC government are expected to benefit from a tax rate of 15% as compared to the uniform tax rate of 25%. Implementation Regulations of the Enterprise Income Tax Law, a high and new technology enterprise shall have core self-owned intellectual properties and its products shall be within the scope provided by “the high-technology field highly supported by the State”.
Under the new EIT law, dividends, interests, rent, royalties and gains on transfers of property payable by a foreign-invested enterprise in the PRC to its foreign investor who is a non-resident enterprise will be subject to a 10% withholding tax, unless such non-resident enterprise’s jurisdiction of incorporation has a tax treaty with the PRC that provides for a reduced rate of withholding tax. The Cayman Islands, where SMIC is incorporated, does not have such a tax treaty with the PRC. If SMIC is considered a non-resident enterprise, this new 10% withholding tax imposed on SMIC’s dividend income received from SMIC Shanghai, SMIC Beijing and SMIC Tianjin would reduce its net income and have an adverse effect on its operating results.
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Under the new EIT law, an enterprise established outside the PRC with its “de facto management body” within the PRC is considered a resident enterprise and will be subject to the enterprise income tax at the rate of 25% on its worldwide income. The “de facto management body” is defined as the organizational body that effectively exercises overall management and control over production and business operations, personnel, finance and accounting, and properties of the enterprise. It remains unclear how the PRC tax authorities will interpret such a broad definition. Substantially the majority of management members of SMIC are based in the PRC. If the PRC tax authorities subsequently determine that SMIC should be classified as a resident enterprise, then SMIC’s worldwide income will be subject to income tax at a uniform rate of 25%, which may have a material adverse effect on SMIC’s financial condition and results of operations. Notwithstanding the foregoing provision, the new EIT law also provides that, if a resident enterprise directly invests in another resident enterprise, the dividends received by the investing resident enterprise from the invested enterprise are exempted from income tax, subject to certain conditions. Therefore, if SMIC is classified as a resident enterprise, the dividends received from our PRC subsidiary may be exempted from income tax and the dividends paid to our non-PRC shareholders and gains derived by our non-PRC shareholders from transferring our shares or ADSs may be subject to 10% withholding tax. However, it remains unclear how the PRC tax authorities will interpret the PRC tax resident treatment of an offshore company, like SMIC, having indirect ownership interests in PRC enterprises through intermediary holding vehicles.
Exemption of Customs Duties and Import-related Value-added Tax
Under the Integrated Circuit Policies (No. 18 [2000] Guo-Fa) and the Integrated Circuit Notice (No. 25 [2000] Cai-Shui), ICPEs whose total investment exceeds Rmb 8,000 million or whose integrated circuits have a line-width of less than 0.25 micron are exempt from customs duties and import-related value-added tax for the raw materials and consumables used for production purposes.
Under the Integrated Circuit Notice, integrated circuit technology, production equipment, and equipment and instruments specialized for use in fabricating integrated circuits that are imported by a duly accredited ICPE are, with the exception of commodities listed in the Catalogue of Imported Commodities for Foreign Investment Projects Not Entitled to Tax Exemptions and the Catalogue of Imported Commodities for Domestic Investment Projects Not Entitled to Tax Exemptions as stipulated by the Ministry of Finance and all the State Council Institutions and Departments and amended in 2006, exempt from customs duties and import-related value-added tax.
Under the Construction Materials Taxation Notice (No. 152 [2002] Cai-Shui), commencing January 1, 2001, the importation of construction materials, auxiliary equipment and spare parts for the production of integrated circuits, specifically for clean rooms (as listed in the annex to the Construction Materials Taxation Notice), by ICPEs whose total investment exceeds Rmb 8,000 million or whose integrated circuits have a linewidth of less than 0.25 micron is exempt from customs duties and import-related value-added tax.
Preferential Policies Encouraging Research and Development
The new EIT Law and the Implementation Regulations of the new EIT Law have provided tax incentives in relation to technologies as a means to encourage advancement and adoption of new technologies. The new EIT Law provides an additional 50% deduction of the research and development expenses incurred from the research and development of new technologies, new products, and new techniques on the basis of the actual deductions when relevant enterprise has no intangible asset to be formed and calculated into the current gains and losses. If intangible assets have been formed, they shall be amortized at 150% of the cost of the intangible assets.
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Legal Framework Concerning the Protection of Intellectual Property Relating to Integrated Circuits
China has formulated various laws and regulations on intellectual property protection in respect of integrated circuits including:
- the Patent Law of the People’s Republic of China, adopted at the fourth meeting of the Standing Committee of the Sixth National People’s Congress on March 12, 1984, effective April 1, 1985 and amended by the Ninth National People’s Congress on August 25, 2000 and third amended by the Eleventh People’s Congress on December 27, 2008, effective October 1, 2009;
- the Paris Convention for the Protection of Industrial Property of the World Intellectual Property Organization, in which China became a member state as of March 19, 1985;
- the General Principles of the Civil Law of the People’s Republic of China adopted at the fourth session of the Sixth National People’s Congress on April 12, 1986, effective January 1, 1987 and revised at the thirtieth session of the Tenth National People’s Congress on October 28, 2007. In this legislation, intellectual property rights were defined in China’s basic civil law for the first time as the civil rights of citizens and legal persons;
- the Copyright Law of the People’s Republic of China, adopted by the 15th meeting of the Seventh National People’s Congress Standing Committee on September 7, 1990, effective June 1, 1991 and amended by the Ninth National People’s Congress on October 27, 2001;
- the Regulations for the Protection of the Layout Design of Integrated Circuits, or the Layout Design Regulations, adopted April 2, 2001 at the thirty-sixth session of the executive meeting of the State Council, effective October 1, 2001; and
- the World Intellectual Property Organization’s Washington Treaty on Intellectual Property in Respect of Integrated Circuits, for which China was among the first signatory states in 1990.
Protection of the Layout Design of Integrated Circuits
Under the Layout Design Regulations, layout design of an integrated circuit refers to a three dimensional configuration in an integrated circuit that has two or more components, with at least one of these being an active component, and part or all of the interconnected circuitry or the three-dimensional configuration prepared for the production of integrated circuits.
Chinese natural persons, legal persons or other organizations that create layout designs are entitled to the proprietary rights in the layout designs in accordance with the Layout Design Regulations. Foreign persons or enterprises that create layout designs and have them first put into commercial use in China are entitled to the proprietary rights in the layout designs in accordance with the Layout Design Regulations. Foreign persons or enterprises that create layout designs and that are from a country that has signed agreements with China regarding the protection of layout designs, or is a party to an international treaty concerning the protection of layout designs to which China is also a party, are entitled to the proprietary rights of the layout designs in accordance with the Layout Design Regulations.
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Proprietary Rights in Layout Design of Integrated Circuits
Holders of proprietary rights in a layout design are entitled to the following proprietary rights:
- to duplicate the whole protected layout design or any part of the design that is original; and
- to make commercial use of the protected layout design, the integrated circuit containing the layout design, or commodities containing the integrated circuit.
Proprietary rights in layout designs become valid after being registered with the administrative department of the State Council responsible for intellectual property. Unregistered layout designs are not protected by the Layout Design Regulations.
The protection period of the proprietary rights in a layout design is ten years, commencing from the date of the application for registration of the layout design or the date that it is put into commercial use anywhere in the world, whichever is earlier. However, regardless of whether or not a layout design is registered, or whether or not it is put into commercial use, it is not protected after 15 years from the time of its creation.
Registration of a Layout Design
The administrative departments of the State Council responsible for intellectual property are responsible for the registration of layout designs and accepting applications for the registration of layout designs. If an application for a layout design registration is not made with the administrative department of the State Council responsible for intellectual property within two years after it has been put into commercial use anywhere in the world, the administrative department of the State Council responsible for intellectual property will not register the application. A holder of proprietary rights in a layout design may transfer the proprietary rights or give permission for other parties to use the layout design.
Compulsory Licenses for Exploitation of Patents in Respect of Semiconductor Technology
Under the Patent Law and the Implementing Regulations of the Patent Law, after three years from the date of granting the patent rights, any person or enterprise that has made good faith reasonable proposals to the holder of proprietary rights seeking a license to those rights, but has been unable to obtain such license after an extended period of time, may request the administrative department responsible for patents under the State Council to grant a compulsory license for the relevant patent. However, where a compulsory license involves semiconductor technology, the implementation of a compulsory license is restricted to public and non-commercial uses, or to uses that counteract anti-competitive actions, as determined by judicial or administrative procedures.
PRC Tax for “Resident Enterprises”
Under China’s New EIT Law, we may be classified as a “resident enterprise” of China. This classification could result in unfavorable tax consequences to us and our non-PRC shareholders. The implementing rules of the New EIT Law define de facto management bodies as “management bodies that exercises substantial and overall management and control over the production and operations, personnel, accounting, and properties” of the enterprise. Currently no official interpretation or application of this new “resident enterprise” classification is available, therefore it is unclear how tax authorities will determine tax residency based on the facts of each case.
If the PRC tax authorities determine that our Cayman Islands holding company is a “resident enterprise” for PRC enterprise income tax purposes, a number of unfavorable PRC tax consequences could follow. First, we may be subject to enterprise income tax at a rate of 25% on our worldwide taxable income as well as PRC enterprise income tax reporting obligations. Second, although under the New EIT Law and its implementing rules dividends income between qualified resident enterprises is exempted income, it is not clear what is considered a qualified resident enterprise under the New EIT Law. Finally, it is possible that future guidance issued with respect to the new “resident enterprise” classification could result in a situation in which a 10% withholding tax is imposed on dividends we pay to our non-PRC shareholders and with respect to gains derived by our non-PRC shareholders from transferring our shares or ADSs. Similarly, these unfavorable consequences could apply to our other overseas intermediary holding companies if they are classified as a PRC resident enterprises.
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Environmental Regulation
Our Chinese subsidiaries are subject to a variety of Chinese environmental laws and regulations promulgated by the central and local governments concerning examination and acceptance of environmental protection measures in construction projects, the use, discharge and disposal of toxic and hazardous materials, the discharge and disposal of waste water, solid waste, and waste gases, control of industrial noise and fire prevention. These laws and regulations set out detailed procedures that must be implemented throughout a project’s construction and operation phases.
A key document that must be submitted for the approval of a project’s construction is an environmental impact assessment report that is reviewed by the relevant environmental protection authorities. Upon completion of construction, and prior to commencement of operations, an additional examination and acceptance by the relevant environmental authority of such projects is also required. Within one month after receiving approval of the environmental impact assessment report, a semiconductor manufacturer is required to apply to and register with the competent environmental authority the types and quantities of liquid, solid and gaseous wastes it plans to discharge, the manner of discharge or disposal, as well as the level of industrial noise and other related factors. If the above wastes and noise are found by the authorities to have been managed within regulatory levels, renewable discharge registrations for the above wastes and noise are then issued for a specified period of time. SMIC Shanghai, SMIC Beijing, SMIC Tianjin, and SMIC Chengdu have all received approval with respect to their relevant environmental impact assessment reports and discharge registrations.
From time to time during the operation of our Chinese subsidiaries, and also prior to renewal of the necessary discharge registrations, the relevant environmental protection authority will monitor and audit the level of environmental protection compliance of these subsidiaries. Discharge of liquid, solid or gaseous waste over permitted levels may result in imposition of fines, imposition of a time period within which rectification must occur or even suspension of operations.
Enforceability Of Civil Liabilities
We are a Cayman Islands holding company. We are incorporated in the Cayman Islands because of the following benefits associated with being a Cayman Islands corporation:
- political and economic stability;
- an effective judicial system;
- a favorable tax system;
- the absence of exchange control or currency restrictions; and
- the availability of professional and support services.
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However, the Cayman Islands have a less developed body of securities laws as compared to the United States and provides significantly less protection for investors. In addition, Cayman Islands companies may not have standing to sue before the federal courts of the United States. Substantially all of our assets are located outside the United States. In addition, most of our directors and officers are nationals and/or residents of countries other than the United States, and all or a substantial portion of our or such persons’ assets are located outside the United States. As a result, it may be difficult for a shareholder to effect service of process within the United States upon us or such persons or to enforce against them or against us, judgments obtained in United States courts, including judgments predicated upon the civil liability provisions of the securities laws of the United States or any state thereof.
Conyers Dill & Pearman, our counsel as to Cayman Islands law, Slaughter and May, our counsel as to Hong Kong law, and Fangda Partners, our counsel as to Chinese law, have advised us that there is uncertainty as to whether the courts of the Cayman Islands, Hong Kong and China, respectively, would:
- recognize or enforce judgments of United States courts obtained against us or our directors or officers predicated upon the civil liability provisions of the securities laws of the United States or any state thereof, or
- be competent to hear original actions brought in each respective jurisdiction, against us or our directors or officers predicated upon the securities laws of the United States or any state thereof.
Conyers Dill & Pearman has further advised us that a final and conclusive judgment in the federal or state courts of the United States under which a sum of money is payable, other than a sum payable in respect of taxes, fines, penalties or similar charges, may be subject to enforcement proceedings as a debt in the Courts of the Cayman Islands under the common law doctrine of obligation.
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Organizational Structure
We operate primarily through three wholly owned subsidiaries in China. The chart below sets forth our significant operating subsidiaries or affiliates, including their jurisdictions of incorporation and principal activities:
| | | | Attributable | | |
| | Place and date of | | equity interest | | Principal |
Name of company | | incorporation/establishment | | held | | Activity |
Garrison Consultants Limited (“Garrison”) | | Samoa | | 100% | | Consultancy services |
| | April 3, 2000 | | | | |
|
Better Way Enterprises Limited (“Better Way”) | | Samoa | | 100% | | Provision of marketing related activities |
| | April 5, 2000 | | | | |
|
Semiconductor Manufacturing International | | PRC | | 100% | | Manufacturing and trading of |
(Shanghai) Corporation (“SMIC Shanghai” or | | December 21, 2000 | | | | semiconductor products |
“SMIS”)*# | | | | | | |
|
SMIC, Americas | | United States of America | | 100% | | Provision of marketing related activities |
| | June 22, 2001 | | | | |
|
Semiconductor Manufacturing International | | PRC | | 100% | | Manufacturing and trading of |
(Beijing) Corporation (“SMIC Beijing” or | | July 25, 2002 | | | | semiconductor products |
“SMIB”)*# | | | | | | |
|
SMIC Japan Corporation* | | Japan | | 100% | | Provision of marketing related activities |
| | October 8, 2002 | | | | |
|
SMIC Europe S.R.L. | | Italy July 3, 2003 | | 100% | | Provision of marketing related activities |
|
Semiconductor Manufacturing International | | PRC | | 100% | | Manufacturing and trading of |
(Tianjin) Corporation (“SMIC Tianjin” or | | November 3, 2003 | | | | semiconductor products |
“SMIT”)*# | | | | | | |
|
SMIC Commercial (Shanghai) Limited | | PRC | | 100% | | Operation of a convenience store |
Company (formerly SMIC Consulting | | September 30, 2003 | | | | |
Corporation) *# | | | | | | |
|
Semiconductor Manufacturing International | | Cayman Islands | | 66.3% | | Investment holding |
(AT) Corporation (“AT”)* | | July 26, 2004 | | | | |
|
Semiconductor Manufacturing International | | PRC | | 66.3% | | Manufacturing and trading of |
(Chengdu) Corporation (“SMIC Chengdu” or | | December 28, 2004 | | | | semiconductor products |
“SMICD”) *# | | | | | | |
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| | | | Attributable | | |
| | Place and date of | | equity interest | | Principal |
Name of company | | incorporation/establishment | | held | | Activity |
Semiconductor Manufacturing International | | Cayman Islands | | 100% | | Investment holding |
(Solar Cell) Corporation | | June 30, 2005 | | | | |
|
SMIC Energy Technology (Shanghai) | | PRC | | 100% | | Manufacturing and trading of solar cells |
Corporation (“Energy Science)*# | | September 9, 2005 | | | | related semiconductor products |
|
SMIC Development (Chengdu) Corporation*# | | PRC | | 100% | | Construction, operation, management of |
| | December 29, 2005 | | | | SMICD’s living quarter, schools and |
| | | | | | supermarket |
|
Magnificent Tower Limited | | British Virgin Islands | | 100% | | Investment holding |
| | January 5, 2006 | | | | |
|
Semiconductor Manufacturing International | | British Virgin Islands | | 100% | | Investment holding |
(BVI) Corporation (“SMIC (BVI)”)* | | April 26, 2007 | | | | |
|
SMIC AT (HK) Company Limited | | Hong Kong | | 66.3% | | Investment holding |
(“SMIC AT (HK)”)* | | October 22, 2007 | | | | |
|
SMIC Solar Cell (HK) Company Limited | | Hong Kong | | 100% | | Investment holding |
(“SMIC Solar Cell (HK)”)* | | October 23, 2007 | | | | |
|
SMIC Shanghai (HK) Company Limited | | Hong Kong | | 100% | | Investment holding |
(“SMIC SH (HK)”)* | | November 1, 2007 | | | | |
|
SMIC Beijing (HK) Company Limited | | Hong Kong | | 100% | | Investment holding |
(“SMIC BJ (HK)”)* | | November 2, 2007 | | | | |
|
SMIC Tianjin (HK) Company Limited | | Hong Kong | | 100% | | Investment holding |
(“SMIC TJ (HK)”)* | | November 2, 2007 | | | | |
|
SMIC Shanghai (Cayman) Corporation | | Cayman Islands | | 100% | | Investment holding |
(“SMIC SH (Cayman)”)* | | November 8, 2007 | | | | |
|
SMIC Beijing (Cayman) Corporation | | Cayman Islands | | 100% | | Investment holding |
(“SMIC BJ (Cayman)”)* | | November 8, 2007 | | | | |
|
SMIC Tianjin (Cayman) Corporation | | Cayman Islands | | 100% | | Investment holding |
(“SMIC TJ (Cayman)”)* | | November 8, 2007 | | | | |
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| | | | Attributable | | |
| | Place and date of | | equity interest | | Principal |
Name of company | | incorporation/establishment | | held | | Activity |
SMIC (Wuhan) Development Corporation*# | | PRC | | 100% | | Construction, operation, management of |
| | March 27, 2007 | | | | living quarter, schools |
|
Admiral Investment Holdings Limited | | British Virgin Islands | | 100% | | Investment holding |
| | October 10, 2007 | | | | |
|
SMIC Shenzhen (Cayman) Corporation | | Cayman Islands | | 100% | | Investment holding |
| | January 21, 2008 | | | | |
|
SMIC Shenzhen (HK) Company Limited | | Hong Kong | | 100% | | Investment holding |
| | January 29, 2008 | | | | |
|
SilTech Semiconductor Corporation | | Cayman Islands | | 100% | | Investment Holding |
| | February 13, 2008 | | | | |
|
SilTech Semiconductor (Hong Kong) | | Hong Kong | | 100% | | Investment holding |
Corporation Limited* | | March 20, 2008 | | | | |
|
Semiconductor Manufacturing International | | PRC | | 100% | | Manufacturing and trading of |
(Shenzhen) Corporation*# | | March 20, 2008 | | | | semiconductor products |
|
SilTech Semiconductor (Shanghai) Corporation | | PRC | | 100% | | Manufacturing and trading of |
Limited | | March 3, 2009 | | | | semiconductor products |
# | | Companies registered as wholly-owned foreign enterprises in the People’s Republic of China. (“PRC”), excluding for the purpose of this report, Hong Kong, Macau, and Taiwan. |
| | |
* | | For identification purposes only. |
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Property, plant and equipment
Equipment
The quality and level of technology of the equipment used in the semiconductor fabrication process are important because they dictate the limits of the process technology that we use. Advances in process technology cannot be achieved without corresponding advances in equipment technology. The principal pieces of equipment used by us to fabricate semiconductors are scanners, cleaners and track equipment, inspection equipment, etchers, furnaces, wet stations, strippers, implanters, sputterers, CVD equipment, testers and probers. We source substantially all of our equipment from vendors located in the United States, Europe and Japan.
In implementing our capacity expansion and technology advancement plans, we expect to make significant purchases of equipment required for semiconductor fabrication. Some of the equipment is available from a limited number of vendors and/or is manufactured in relatively limited quantities, and in some cases has only recently become commercially available. Our ability to obtain certain kinds of equipment from outside of China may be subject to restrictions. See “Risk Factors - Risks Related to Conducting Operations in China-Limits placed on exports into China could substantially harm our business and operating results.”
We maintain our equipment through a combination of in-house maintenance and outside contracting to our equipment vendors. We decide whether to maintain ourselves, or subcontract the maintenance of, a particular piece of equipment based on a variety of factors, including cost, complexity and regularity of the required periodic maintenance and the availability of maintenance personnel in China. Most of our equipment vendors offer maintenance services through technicians based in China.
Property
Our corporate headquarters and our mega-fab in Shanghai occupy 367,895 square meters of land, for which we hold valid land use rights certificates. These fabs currently occupy approximately 45% of this total land area. We also hold valid land use rights for the 240,140 square meters of land that comprise our Beijing site, approximately 75% of which will be occupied by the Beijing mega-fab. In 2005, we received land use rights certificates for 215,733 square meters of land in Tianjin, which is occupied by the Tianjin fab. We own all of the buildings and equipment for our fabs, except for certain customer-owned tooling provided to our Shanghai operations for test production on a consignment basis from our customers.
| | | | | | Owned(1) or |
| | Size | | | | Leased |
Location | | (Land/Building) | | Primary Use | | (Land/Building) |
| | (in square meters) | | | | |
Zhangjiang High-Tech Park, Pudong New Area, Shanghai | | 367,895/164,795 | | Wafer fabrication | | owned/owned |
Beijing Economic and Technological Development Area | | 240,140/143,017 | | Wafer fabrication | | owned/owned |
Xiqing Economic Development Area, Tianjin | | 215,733/61,990 | | Wafer fabrication | | owned/owned |
Shenzhen Export Processing Zone, Shenzhen Pingshan New Area, | | 200,060/68,308 | | Wafer fabrication | | owned/owned |
Guangdong | | | | | | |
Export Processing Zone (West Area), Chengdu | | 252,831/35,850 | | Assembly and Test | | owned/owned |
Japan | | na/55 | | Marketing activities | | na/leased |
USA | | na/743 | | Marketing activities | | na/leased |
Italy | | na/280 | | Marketing activities | | na/leased |
Hong Kong(2) | | na/300 | | Representative Office | | na/owned |
The following table sets forth the location, size and primary use of our real properties and whether such real properties are owned or leased.
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____________________
(1) | | With respect to land located in China, “ownership” refers to holding a valid land use rights certificate. All land within municipal zones in China is owned by the Chinese government. Limited liability companies, joint stock companies, foreign-invested enterprises, privately held companies and individual natural persons must pay fees to be granted rights to use land within municipal zones. Legal use of land is evidenced and sanctioned by land use certificates issued by the local municipal administration of land resources. Land use rights granted for industrial purposes are limited to a term of no more than 50 years. |
|
(2) | | In February 2006, we purchased approximately 300 square meter of property in Hong Kong through our indirect wholly-owned subsidiary, Magnificent Tower Limited, a company incorporated in the British Virgin Islands. |
The construction of our 8-inch fab in Shenzhen began in 2008 in an effort to expand our production capacity and is expected to commence commercial production in 2011. We plan to gradually increase the capacity in the Shenzhen fab based on market conditions. This project will be financed through our operating cash flows as well as through external financing. See “Risk Factors - Risks Related to Our Financial Condition and Business - Since our operating cash flows will not be sufficient to cover our planned capital expenditures, we will require additional external financing, which may not be available on acceptable terms or at all. Any failure to raise adequate funds in a timely manner could adversely affect our business and operating results,” and “Risk Factors - Risks Related to Our Financial Condition and Business - The construction and equipping of new fabs and the expansion of existing fabs are subject to certain risks that could result in delays or cost overruns, which could require us to expend additional capital and adversely affect our business and operating results.”
Our right to continued use of the land is subject to our continued compliance with the land use agreement that each of our Chinese subsidiaries has executed. The Chinese government has reserved the right to revoke our land use rights for special eminent domain purposes, in which case the government will compensate us. In addition, pursuant to an amendment to its domestic bank loan agreements, SMIC Beijing and SMIC Tianjin have pledged a portion of its land use right to the lenders. See “Item 5 - Operating and Financial Review and Prospects - Liquidity and Capital Resources.”
For a description concerning our capacity, capacity utilization rate and capacity expansion plans, please see “Item 5 - Operating and Financial Review and Prospects - Factors that Impact our Results of Operations.”
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Risk Management and Insurance
We have been OHSAS18001 certified since September 2003. Our health and safety management philosophy is based on incident prevention, which is achieved through:
- Mandatory staff and vendor safety training;
- Compliance of equipment and facilities to safety criteria, including the Semiconductor Equipment and Materials International and Chinese National Fire Protection Association standards
- A culture of accountability, whereby managers and employees are held responsible for the their own and their group’s safety performance;
- Regularly scheduled audits; and
- Standard management procedures.
We have established a corporate risk management committee and at each fab, an Emergency Response Center (ERC), to respond to emergencies. The ERCs are staffed 24 hours a day and are equipped with safety and security monitoring systems such as closed circuit television, gas monitoring systems, public announcement systems, and fire alarm monitoring systems.
Each department conducts emergency drills on a regular basis in accordance with our emergency response plan to address possible emergency situations that could arise. These emergency scenarios include fires, gas leakages, chemical spills, and power losses.
We maintain insurance with respect to our facilities, equipment, and inventories. The insurance for the fabs and their equipment covers, subject to some limitations, various risks, including industrial accidents and natural disasters, generally up to their respective replacement values and loss due to business interruption. We have not made any significant claims under these insurance policies. Equipment and inventories in transit are also insured.
Environmental Matters
The semiconductor production process generates gaseous chemical wastes, liquid waste, waste water, and other industrial wastes in various stages of the fabrication process. We have installed various types of pollution control equipment for the treatment of gaseous chemical waste and liquid waste and equipment for the recycling of treated water in our fabs. Our operations are subject to regulation and periodic monitoring by PRC’s State Environmental Protection Bureau, as well as local environmental protection authorities, including those under the Shanghai Pudong Municipal Government, the Beijing Municipal Government, the Tianjin Municipal Government, and the Chengdu Municipal Government, which may in some cases establish stricter standards than those imposed by the State Environmental Protection Bureau. The Chinese national and local environmental laws and regulations impose fees for the discharge of waste substances above prescribed levels, require the payment of fines for serious violations, and authorize the Chinese national and local governments to suspend any facility that fails to comply with orders requiring it to cease or remedy operations causing environmental damage. No such penalties have been imposed on us or any of our subsidiaries for violations of environmental pollution.
We believe our pollution control measures are effective, complying with the requirements applicable to the semiconductor industry in China and comparable to other countries. Waste generated from our operations, including acid waste, alkaline waste, flammable waste, toxic waste, oxidizing waste, and self-igniting waste, are collected and sorted for proper disposal. Furthermore, we have in many cases implemented waste reduction steps beyond the scope of current regulatory requirements. In addition, we continuously investigate methods to lower our energy consumption, including making existing processes more efficient and reclaiming waste heat.
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The ISO14001 standard is a voluntary standard and part of a comprehensive series of standards for environmental management published by the International Standards Organization. The ISO14001 standard cover environmental management principles, systems and supporting techniques. SMIC first received ISO14001 certification in August 2002.
In addition, all fabs currently in operation have been third-party certified to be compliant with the RoHS (Restriction of the use of certain Hazardous Substances in electrical and electronic equipment) Directive of the European Union, which bans the use of various chemicals determined to be harmful to the environment. Once the Shenzhen facility is in operation, it too will undergo certification for ISO14001 and RoHS compliance.
Item 4A. Unresolved Staff Comments
Not applicable.
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Item 5. Operating and Financial Review and Prospects
Overview
We were founded in April 2000. In 2000 and 2001, our company was in its development stage and did not have any sales. During this period, we established our management structure, acquired land use rights, constructed, equipped and commenced the ramp-up of production at our 8-inch wafer facilities in Shanghai which are referred to as the Shanghai mega-fab, and began our research and development activities. The first fab in the Shanghai mega-fab and the portion of our second fab, commenced commercial production in January 2002. The remaining portion of our second fab and a third fab commenced commercial production in January 2003. In January 2004, we acquired an 8-inch fab in Tianjin, China, which we refer to as our Fab 7, from MCEL, a wholly owned subsidiary of Motorola. The first fab in the Beijing mega-fab commenced commercial production in March of 2005. As of December 31, 2009, we had reached total wafer fabrication capacity of 162,050 8-inch wafer equivalents per month. Our wafers shipped and sales decreased from 1,849,957 wafers and US$1,549.8 million for 2007 to 1,611,208 wafers and US$1,353.7 million for 2008 and decreased to 1,376,663 wafers and US$1,070.4 million for 2009.
We manage our business and measure our results of operations based on a single operating segment. We anticipate an increase to aggregate capacity by the end of 2010 subject to market conditions. As we increase our capacity and corresponding wafer production, we benefit from economies of scale. When our capacity utilization is high, these economies of scale enable us to reduce our per wafer production cost and improve our margins. On the other hand, when our capacity utilization rate is low, our unused capacity results in higher per wafer production cost and decreased margins.
Factors that Impact Our Results of Operations
Cyclicality of the Semiconductor Industry
The semiconductor industry is highly cyclical due mainly to the cyclicality of demand in the markets of the products that use semiconductors. As these markets fluctuate, the semiconductor market also fluctuates. This fluctuation in the semiconductor market is exacerbated by the tendency of semiconductor companies, including foundries, to make capital investments in plant and equipment during periods of high demand since it may require several years to plan, construct and commence operations at a fab. Absent sustained growth in demand, this increase in capacity often leads to overcapacity in the semiconductor market, which in the past has led to a significant underutilization of capacity and a sharp drop in semiconductor prices. The semiconductor industry is generally slow to react to declines in demand due to its capital-intensive nature and the need to make commitments for equipment purchases well in advance of the planned expansion.
Substantial Capital Expenditures
The semiconductor foundry industry is characterized by substantial capital expenditures. This is particularly true for our company as we have recently constructed and equipped fabs and are continuing to construct and equip new fabs. In connection with the construction and ramp-up of our capacity since our inception, we incurred capital expenditures of US$860 million, US$666 million, and US$190 million in 2007, 2008, and 2009 respectively. We depreciate our manufacturing machinery and equipment on a straight-line basis over an estimated useful life of five to seven years. We recorded depreciation and amortization of US$706.3 million, US$761.8, and US$748.2 million in 2007, 2008, and 2009, respectively.
The semiconductor industry is also characterized by rapid changes in technology, frequently resulting in obsolescence of process technologies and products. As a result, our research and development efforts are essential to our overall success. We spent approximately US$97.0 million in 2007, US$102.2 million in 2008, and US$160.8 million in 2009 for research and development, which represented 6.3%, 7.6%, and 15.0% respectively, of our sales for 2007, 2008, and 2009. Our research and development costs are partially offset by related government subsidies and include non-recurring engineering costs associated with the ramp-up of a new wafer facility.
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We currently expect that our capital expenditures in 2010 will be approximately US$335 million to be adjusted based on market conditions, which we plan to fund through our operating cash flows and bank loans in order to expand our operations. If necessary, we will also explore other forms of external financing. In addition, our actual expenditures may exceed our planned expenditures for a variety of reasons, including changes in our business plan, our process technology, market conditions, equipment prices, or customer requirements. We will monitor the global economy, the semiconductor industry, the demands of our customers, and our cash flow from operations to adjust our capital expenditure plans.
Capacity Expansion
We have expanded, and plan to continue to expand, our capacity through internal growth and acquisitions. An increase in capacity may have a significant effect on our results of operations, both by allowing us to produce and sell more wafers and achieve higher sales, and as a cost component in the form of acquisition costs and depreciation expenses. We anticipate an increase to aggregate capacity by the end of 2010 subject to market conditions.
Pricing
We price our foundry services on either a per wafer or a per die basis, taking into account the complexity of the technology, the prevailing market conditions, the order size, the cycle time, the strength and history of our relationship with the customer, and our capacity utilization. Since a majority of our costs and expenses are fixed or semi-fixed, fluctuations in the average selling prices of semiconductor wafers have historically had a substantial impact on our margins. The average selling price of the wafers we shipped decreased 7.5% from US$840 per wafer in 2008 to US$778 per wafer in 2009.
The following table sets forth a percentage breakdown of wafer sales by process technology for the years ended December 31, 2007, 2008 and 2009 and each of the quarters in the year ended December 31, 2009:
| | | | | | For the |
| | For the | | For the three months ended | | year ended |
| | year ended December 31, | | March 31, | | June 30, | | September 30, | | December 31, | | December 31, |
Process Technologies | | 2007 | | 2008 | | 2009 | | 2009 | | 2009 | | 2009 | | 2009 |
| | (based on sales in US$) |
0.13 micron and below | | 53.10 | % | | 43.90 | % | | 38.99 | % | | 46.41 | % | | 52.75 | % | | 58.16 | % | | 51.07 | % |
0.15 micron | | 2.90 | % | | 2.70 | % | | 0.79 | % | | 1.49 | % | | 2.60 | % | | 2.72 | % | | 2.12 | % |
0.18 micron | | 30.50 | % | | 34.10 | % | | 31.48 | % | | 29.79 | % | | 27.84 | % | | 22.95 | % | | 27.27 | % |
0.25 micron | | 0.70 | % | | 0.60 | % | | 0.37 | % | | 0.54 | % | | 0.58 | % | | 0.27 | % | | 0.44 | % |
0.35 micron | | 12.80 | % | | 18.70 | % | | 28.37 | % | | 21.77 | % | | 16.23 | % | | 15.90 | % | | 19.10 | % |
Total | | 100.00 | % | | 100.00 | % | | 100.00 | % | | 100.00 | % | | 100.00 | % | | 100.00 | % | | 100.00 | % |
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Change in Process Mix and Technology Migration
Because the price of wafers processed with different technologies varies significantly, the mix of wafers that we produce is among the primary factors that affect our sales and profitability. The value of a wafer is determined principally by the complexity of the process technology used to fabricate the wafer. In addition, production of devices with higher levels of functionality and greater system-level integration requires more fabrication steps, and these devices generally sell for higher prices.
Prices for wafers of a given level of technology generally decline over the relevant process technology life cycle. As a result, we and our competitors are continuously in the process of developing and acquiring advanced process technologies and migrating our customers to use such technologies to maintain or improve our profit margins. This technology migration requires continuous investment in research and development and technology-related acquisitions, and we expect to continue to spend a substantial amount of capital on upgrading our technologies.
Our initial sales after commencing commercial operations in 2002 consisted mainly of DRAM fabricated and sold on a foundry basis, as well as commodity-type DRAM fabricated using technology licensed from a third party and sold by us to distributors. This commodity-type DRAM was fabricated during our start-up phase in order to test and ramp up our facilities and train our personnel. As our business has grown and our fabs have matured, we have produced proportionately less commodity-type DRAM and more logic products and memory products utilizing more advanced technologies, which generally command a higher margin. During the first quarter of 2008, the Company reached an agreement with our customers to completely exit the commodity DRAM business. The conversion of DRAM capacity into logic production was completed on schedule in the fourth quarter. As a result, our Beijing 300mm logic capacity has placed us in a better position to serve our global and China customers. In connection with the decision to exit the commodity DRAM business, we recorded an impairment loss of $105.8 million on long-lived assets during the first quarter of 2008.
The following table sets forth a breakdown of our sales by service type for 2007, 2008 and 2009:
| | For the year ended December 31, |
| | 2007 | | 2008 | | 2009 |
Service Type | | Sales | | Percentage | | Sales | | Percentage | | Sales | | Percentage |
| | (in US$ thousands, except percentages) |
Fabrication of memory wafers | | | 428,355 | | 27.60 | % | | 71,935 | | 5.30 | % | | 35,648 | | 3.33 | % |
Fabrication of logic wafers(1) | | | 985,776 | | 63.60 | % | | 1,139,535 | | 84.20 | % | | 959,689 | | 89.66 | % |
Other(2) | | | 135,634 | | 8.80 | % | | 142,241 | | 10.50 | % | | 75,050 | | 7.01 | % |
Total | | $ | 1,549,765 | | 100.00 | % | | 1,353,711 | | 100.00 | % | | 1,070,387 | | 100.00 | % |
____________________ | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
(1) | | Includes copper interconnects and memory devices whose manufacturing process is similar to that for a logic device. |
|
(2) | | Includes mask-making and probing, etc. |
Capacity Utilization Rates
Operations at or near full capacity have a significant positive effect on our profitability because a substantial percentage of our cost of sales is of a fixed nature. In 2007, 2008 and 2009, approximately 47%, 46%, and 49% respectively, of our cost of sales consisted of depreciation expenses, which are fixed costs. If we increase our utilization rates, the number of wafers we fabricate will increase, and therefore our average fixed costs per wafer will decrease. Therefore, our capacity utilization rates have a significant effect on our margins. Our utilization rates have varied from period to period due to capacity ramp-ups and fluctuations in customer orders. Our annual capacity utilization rate was 91.0% in 2007, 86.0% in 2008, and 75.0% in 2009. Factors affecting utilization rates are the overall industry conditions, the level of customer orders, the complexity of the wafers and of the mix of wafers produced, mechanical failures and other operational disruptions such as the expansion of capacity or the relocation of equipment, and our ability to manage the production facilities and product flows efficiently.
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Our capacity is determined by us based on the capacity ratings for each piece of equipment, as specified by the manufacturers of such equipment, adjusted for, among other factors, actual output during uninterrupted trial runs, expected down time due to set up for production runs and maintenance, and expected product mix. Because these factors include subjective elements, our measurement of capacity utilization rates may not be comparable to those of our competitors.
Yield Rates
Yield per wafer is the ratio of the number of functional dies on that wafer to the maximum number of dies that can be produced on that wafer. A significant portion of our services, particularly our memory semiconductor wafer fabrication services, is priced on a per die basis.
We continuously upgrade the process technologies that we use. At the beginning of each technology migration, the yield utilizing the new technology is generally lower, sometimes substantially lower, than the yield under the then-current technology. This is because it requires time to stabilize, optimize and test a new process technology. We do not ship wafers to a customer until we have achieved that customer’s minimum yield requirements. Yield is generally improved through the expertise and cooperation of our research and development personnel, process engineers, and equipment suppliers.
Critical Accounting Policies
The methods, estimates and judgments we use in applying our accounting policies have a significant impact on the results we report in our financial statements. Some of our accounting policies require us to make difficult and subjective judgments, often as a result of the need to make estimates of matters that are inherently uncertain. Below we have summarized our accounting policies that we believe are both important to the portrayal of our financial results and involve the need to make estimates about the effect of matters that are inherently uncertain. We also have other policies that we consider to be key accounting policies. However, these policies do not meet the definition of critical accounting estimates because they do not generally require us to make estimates or judgments that are difficult or subjective.
Please see “Item 8 – Financial Information - Litigation” regarding the Accounting Treatment for the Settlement Agreement.
Inventory
Inventories are stated at the lower of cost or market. Market represents the net realizable value for finished goods and work-in-progress. Inventory cost is determined using standard cost and an allocation of the cost variances arising in the period of production, which approximates actual costs determined on the weighted average basis. We determine the standard cost of each wafer based on estimates of the materials, labor, and other costs incurred in each process step associated with the manufacture of our products. We allocate labor and overhead costs to each step in the wafer production process based on normal fab capacity, with costs arising from abnormal under-utilization of capacity expensed when incurred. The unit cost of a wafer generally decreases as fixed overhead charges, such as depreciation expense on the facility and semiconductor equipment, are allocated over a larger number of units produced.
We estimate the net realizable value for such finished goods and work-in-progress based primarily upon the latest invoice prices and current market conditions. If the market value of a good drops below its carrying value, we record a write-off to cost of sales for the difference between the carrying cost and the market value. During the years ended December 31, 2007, 2008 and 2009, the Company recorded inventory write downs of US$22.7 million, US$40.8 million and US$26.3 million, respectively, to reflect a decline in the estimated market value of the inventory we held. We carry out an inventory review at each quarter-end.
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Depreciation and Amortization
We operate in a capital-intensive business. We periodically review and assess the estimated useful life of our assets based on expected use by the Company, taking into account effects of obsolescence, demand, and other economic factors. The net book value of our plant and equipment, including prepaid land use rights, at December 31, 2009 was US$2,329.7 million. Depreciation of manufacturing buildings and related improvements is provided on a straight-line basis over the estimated useful life of 25 years and commences from the date the facility is ready for its intended use. Depreciation of our manufacturing machinery and equipment, as well as our facility, machinery and equipment, is provided on a straight-line basis over the estimated useful life, commencing from the date that the equipment is placed into productive use. A 5 to 7 year useful life is used for manufacturing machinery and equipment while a 10 year useful life is used for facility, machinery and equipment. Amortization of land use rights is over the term of the land use right agreement, which ranges from 50 to 70 years. Amortization of intangible assets is computed using the straight-line method over the expected useful life of the assets ranging from 3 to 10 years. The estimated useful life and dates that the equipment is placed into productive use reflects our estimate of the periods that we intend to derive future economic benefits from the use of our plant and equipment and land use rights.
Long-lived Assets
The Company assesses the impairment of long-lived assets when events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying value of the assets or the asset group may not be recoverable. Factors that we consider in deciding when to perform an impairment review include, but are not limited to significant under-performance of a business or product line in relation to expectations, significant negative industry or economic trends, and significant changes or planned changes in our use of the assets. An impairment analysis is performed at the lowest level of identifiable independent cash flows for an asset or asset group. We make subjective judgments in determining the independent cash flows that can be related to specific asset group based on our asset usage model and manufacturing capabilities. We measure the recoverability of assets that will continue to be used in our operations by comparing the carrying value of the asset group to our estimate of the related total future undiscounted cash flows. If an asset group’s carrying value is not recoverable through the related undiscounted cash flows, the impairment loss is measured by comparing the difference between the asset group’s carrying value and its fair value, based on the best information available, including market prices or discounted cash flow analysis.
In order to remain technologically competitive in our industry, we have entered into technology transfer and technology license arrangements with third parties in an attempt to advance our process technologies. The payments made for such technology licenses are recorded as an intangible asset or as a deferred cost and amortized on a straight-line basis over the estimated useful life of the asset. We routinely review the remaining estimated useful lives of these intangible assets and deferred costs. We also evaluate these intangible assets and deferred costs for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that their carrying amounts may not be recoverable.
We have continued to construct, acquire, and expand our manufacturing facilities since our inception. We will continue to review impairment factors as described above and, as a result, impairment charges may be necessary in the future as circumstances change.
In 2009, the effect of adverse market conditions and significant changes in the Company’s operation strategy lead to the Company’s identification and commitment to abandon a group of long-lived assets. This group of long-lived assets is equipped with outdated technologies and no longer receives vendor support. As of December 31, 2009, this group of assets ceased to be used. As a result, the Company recorded an impairment loss of $104.7 million related to abandoned equipment after writing down the carrying value to zero, and recorded an impairment loss of $5.6 million for licenses related DRAM products.
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During the first quarter of 2008, the Company reached an agreement with our customers to completely exit the commodity DRAM business. The conversion of DRAM capacity into logic production was completed on schedule in the fourth quarter. As a result, our Beijing 300mm logic capacity has placed us in a better position to serve our global and China customers. In connection with the decision to exit the commodity DRAM business, we recorded an impairment loss of $105.8 million on long-lived assets during the first quarter of 2008.
Income Taxes
Current income taxes are provided for in accordance with the laws of the relevant taxing authorities.
As part of the process of preparing financial statements, we are required to estimate our income taxes in each of the jurisdictions in which it operates. When we have net operating loss carry forwards or temporary differences in the amount of tax recorded for tax purposes and accounting purposes, we may be able to reduce the amount of tax that we would otherwise be required to pay in future periods. We recognize all existing future tax benefits arising from these tax attributes as deferred tax assets and then establish a valuation allowance equal to the extent, if any, that it is more likely than not that such deferred tax assets will not be realized. We record an income tax benefit or expense when there is a net change in our total deferred tax assets and liabilities in a period. The ultimate realization of the deferred tax assets depends upon the generation of future taxable income during the periods in which the net operating losses and temporary differences become deductible. We account for income taxes using the asset and liability method. We record a valuation allowance to reduce our deferred tax assets to the amount that we believe is more likely than not to be realized. In assessing the need for a valuation allowance, we consider all positive and negative evidence, including past performance, the general outlook of the semiconductor industry, business conditions caused by the global economic downturn, projected future taxable income and recent financial performance. Forming a conclusion that a valuation allowance is not required is difficult when there is negative evidence such as cumulative losses in recent years.
Because the determination of the amount of valuation allowance is based, in part, on our forecast of future profitability, it is inherently uncertain and subjective. Changes in market conditions and our assumptions may cause the actual future profitability to differ materially from our current expectation, which may require us to increase or decrease the amount of valuation allowance that we have recorded.
The Company has no material uncertain tax positions as of December 31, 2009 or unrecognized tax benefit which would favorably affect the effective income tax rate in future periods. The Company classifies interest and/or penalties related to income tax matters in income tax expense. As of December 31, 2009, the amount of interest and penalties related to uncertain tax positions is immaterial. The Company does not anticipate any significant increases or decreases to its liability for unrecognized tax benefits within the next 12 months.
Revenue Recognition
We manufacture semiconductor wafers for our customers based on the customers’ designs and specifications pursuant to manufacturing agreements and purchase orders. We also sell certain semiconductor standard products to customers. Customers do not have any rights of return except pursuant to warranty provisions, which returns have been minimal. We typically perform tests of our products prior to shipment to identify yield of acceptable products per wafer. Occasionally, product tests performed after shipment identify yields below the level agreed with the customer. In those circumstances, the customer arrangement may provide for a reduction to the price paid or for its costs to ship replacement products. We estimate the amount of sales returns and the cost of replacement products based on the historical trend of returns and warranty replacements relative to sales and any current information regarding specific customer yield issues that may exceed historical trends. We recognize revenue upon shipment and title transfer, if all other criteria have been met. We also provide certain services such as mask making and probing and revenue is recognized when our services are completed.
The Company provides management services to certain government-owned foundries. Service revenue is recognized when persuasive evidence of an arrangement exists, service has been performed, the fee is fixed or determinable, and collectability is reasonably assured. The Company ceased its recognition of management revenue in the second quarter of 2009 due to issues of collectability. Furthermore, the Company recorded a $115.8 million bad debt provision in 2009, of which $93.5 million and $21.1 million are due to long outstanding overdue debt relating primarily to management revenue for services rendered and related equipment sold, respectively.
The Company also reversed the deferred revenue of $9 million in relation to the management service rendered.
Share-based Compensation Expense
Our share-based employee compensation plans are described in more detail under “Share Ownership”. We grant stock options to our employees and we record a compensation charge for the excess of the fair value of the stock at the measurement date over the amount an employee must pay to acquire the stock. We amortize share-based compensation using the straight-line method over the vesting periods of the related options, which are generally four years.
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We grant stock options to our employees and certain non-employees. Share-based compensation cost is measured at the grant date, based on the fair value of the award, and is recognized as an expense over the employee’s requisite service period (generally the vesting period of the equity grant). Our total actual share-based compensation expense for the year ended December 31, 2007, 2008 and 2009 was US$20.6, US$11.6, and US$10.1 million respectively.
The fair value of options and shares issued pursuant to our option plans at the grant date was estimated using the Black-Scholes option pricing model. This model was developed for use in estimating the fair value of traded options that have no vesting restrictions and are fully transferable. In addition, option-pricing models require the input of highly subjective assumptions, including the expected term of the options, the estimated forfeiture rates and the expected stock price volatility. The expected term of options granted represents the period of time that options granted are expected to be outstanding. We estimated forfeiture rates using historical data to estimate option exercise and employee termination within the pricing formula. We use projected volatility rates based upon the company’s historical volatility rates. These assumptions are inherently uncertain. Different assumptions and judgements would affect our calculation of the fair value of the underlying ordinary shares for the options granted, and the valuation results and the amount of share-based compensation would also vary accordingly.
Inflation
Although there can be no assurance as to the impact in future periods, we believe that, to date, inflation in China has not had a material impact on our results of operations. Inflation in China was approximately 4.8%, 5.9%, and (0.7)% in 2007, 2008, and 2009, respectively.
Income Tax
As an exempted company incorporated in the Cayman Islands, we are exempt from Cayman Islands taxation. Our Chinese subsidiaries are subject to taxation pursuant to Enterprise Income Tax Law and various local income tax laws. Under relevant regulations and after approval by the local Tax Bureau, our Shanghai, Beijing and Tianjin subsidiaries are entitled to a full exemption from foreign enterprise income tax, or FEIT, for five years starting with the first year of positive accumulated earnings, and a 50% reduction for the following five years. The tax holiday enjoyed by our Shanghai subsidiary took effect in 2004 when SMIS completed its first profit-making year. As of December 31, 2009, both Beijing and Tianjin entities were in loss positions and as a result the tax holiday had not yet taken effect.
Under the FEIT Laws, SMICD was qualified to enjoy a 5-year tax holiday (2-year full exemption followed by 3-year half reduction) subsequent to its first profit-making year after utilizing all prior tax losses or 2008 in accordance with the New EIT Law. SMICD was in a loss position and the tax holiday began as of December 31, 2008 at the statutory rate of 25%.
Energy Science is a manufacturing enterprise located in the Shanghai Pudong New Area. Pursuant to the preferential tax policy granted to the Pudong New Area under the FEIT Law, Energy Science was subject to a preferential tax rate of 15% and qualified to enjoy a 5-year tax holiday (2-year full exemption followed by 3-year half reduction in FEIT rate) subsequent to its first profit-making year after utilizing all prior tax losses or 2008 in accordance with the New EIT Law. The tax holiday was triggered in 2007 and is eligible to continue until 2011. The tax rate for 2007, 2008 and 2009 was 0%, 0% and 10%, respectively and will be 11% and 12% for the remaining tax holiday through its expiry in 2011.
Our other subsidiaries are subject to their respective jurisdictions’ income tax laws, including Japan, United States, and Europe. Our income tax obligations to date have been minimal.
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We account for income taxes using an asset and liability approach for financial accounting and reporting for income tax purposes. Under the asset and liability method, deferred income taxes are recognized for temporary differences, net operating loss carry-forwards and credits by applying enacted statutory tax rates applicable to future years. Deferred tax assets are reduced by a valuation allowance when, in the opinion of management, it is more likely than not that some portion or all of the deferred tax assets will not be realized. We conduct this analysis on a quarterly basis. As of December 31, 2009, the Company has recognized deferred tax assets including $109.4 million from net operating loss carry forward and $79.1 million from temporary difference between the tax and book base of certain fixed assets. We provided full valuation allowance on net operating loss carry forward as we believe it is more likely than not that it would not to be realized. The temporary difference generated from depreciation of fixed assets relates specially to one of the Company’s subsidiaries and this subsidiary has achieved profitability in prior years and is expected to continue to be profitable based on the current forecast. We have recognized $101.6 million valuation allowance based on the analysis on available positive and negative evidences, including profitability, utilization and production efficiency, industry cyclical risk and technology development risk.
Effective January 1, 2007, the Company prescribes a more-likely-than-not threshold for financial statement recognition and measurement of a tax position taken or expected to be taken in a tax return. This interpretation also provides guidance on de-recognition of income tax assets and liabilities, classification of current and deferred income tax assets and liabilities, accounting for interest and penalties associated with tax positions, accounting for income taxes in interim periods and income tax disclosures.
The Company has no material uncertain tax positions as of December 31, 2009 or unrecognized tax benefit which would favorably affect the effective income tax rate in future periods. The Company classifies interest and/or penalties related to income tax matters in income tax expense. As of December 31, 2009, the amount of interest and penalties related to uncertain tax positions is immaterial. The Company does not anticipate any significant increases or decreases to its liability for unrecognized tax benefits within the next 12 months.
On March 16, 2007, the National People’s Congress, the PRC legislature, approved and promulgated a new tax law named Enterprise Income Tax Law. On December 6, 2007, the PRC State Council issued the Implementation Regulations of the Enterprise Income Tax Law, both of which became effective on January 1, 2008. The Enterprise Income Tax Law and its Implementation Regulations, or the new EIT law, FIEs and domestic companies are subject to a uniform tax rate of 25%. The new EIT law eliminates or modifies most of the tax exemptions, reductions and preferential treatments available under the previous tax laws and regulations. The State Council issued the Notice of the State Council on the Implementation of the Transitional Preferential Policies in respect of Enterprise Income Tax on December 26, 2007, enterprises that were established before March 16, 2007 and already enjoy preferential tax treatments will (i) in the case of preferential tax rates, continue to enjoy the tax rates which will be gradually increased to the new tax rates within five years from January 1, 2008 or (ii) in the case of preferential tax exemption or reduction for a specified term, continue to enjoy the preferential tax holiday until the expiration of such term. Thus, SMIC Shanghai, SMIC Beijing and SMIC Tianjin could fall into condition (ii) and may be entitled to the “five year exemption and five year reduction” as subject to the final recognition by the PRC tax authorities. While the EIT Law equalizes the tax rates for FIEs and domestic companies, preferential tax treatment would continue to be given to companies in certain encouraged sectors and to entities classified as high and new technology enterprises companies supported by the PRC government, whether FIEs or domestic companies. According to the new EIT Law, entities that qualify as high and new technology enterprises especially supported by the PRC government are expected to benefit from a tax rate of 15% as compared to the uniform tax rate of 25%. Implementation Regulations of the Enterprise Income Tax Law, a high and new technology enterprise shall have core self-owned intellectual properties and its products shall be within the scope provided by “the high-technology field highly supported by the State”.
Under the new EIT law, dividends, interests, rent, royalties and gains on transfers of property payable by a foreign-invested enterprise in the PRC to its foreign investor who is a non-resident enterprise will be subject to a 10% withholding tax, unless such non-resident enterprise’s jurisdiction of incorporation has a tax treaty with the PRC that provides for a reduced rate of withholding tax. The Cayman Islands, where SMIC is incorporated, does not have such a tax treaty with the PRC. If SMIC is considered a non-resident enterprise, this new 10% withholding tax imposed on SMIC’s dividend income received from SMIC Shanghai, SMIC Beijing and SMIC Tianjin would reduce its net income and have an adverse effect on its operating results.
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Under the new EIT law, an enterprise established outside the PRC with its “de facto management body” within the PRC is considered a resident enterprise and will be subject to the enterprise income tax at the rate of 25% on its worldwide income and foreign tax credit may be applicable. The “de facto management body” is defined as the organizational body that effectively exercises overall management and control over production and business operations, personnel, finance and accounting, and properties of the enterprise. It remains unclear how the PRC tax authorities will interpret such a broad definition. Substantially the majority of management members of SMIC are based in the PRC. If the PRC tax authorities subsequently determine that SMIC should be classified as a resident enterprise, then SMIC’s worldwide income will be subject to income tax at a uniform rate of 25%, which may have a material adverse effect on SMIC’s financial condition and results of operations. Notwithstanding the foregoing provision, the new EIT law also provides that, if a resident enterprise directly invests in another resident enterprise, the dividends received by the investing resident enterprise from the invested enterprise are exempted from income tax, subject to certain conditions. Therefore, if SMIC is classified as a resident enterprise, the dividends received from our PRC subsidiary may be exempted from income tax. However, it remains unclear how the PRC tax authorities will interpret the PRC tax resident treatment of an offshore company, like SMIC, having indirect ownership interests in PRC enterprises through intermediary holding vehicles.
According to Guofa [2007] No. 39 — the Notice of the State Council Concerning Implementation of Transitional Rules for Enterprise Income Tax Incentives effective from January 1, 2008, enterprises that enjoyed preferential tax rates shall gradually transit to the statutory tax rate over 5 years after the new EIT Law is effective. Enterprises that enjoyed a tax rate of 15% under the FEIT Law shall be levied rates of 18% in 2008, 20% in 2009, 22% in 2010, 24% in 2011 and 25% in 2012.
On February 22, 2008, the PRC government promulgated Caishui (2008) No. 1, the Notice of the Ministry of Finance and State Administration of Tax concerning Certain Enterprise Income Tax Preferential Policies (“Caishui No. 1”). Pursuant to Caishui No. 1, integrated circuit production enterprises whose total investment exceeds RMB8,000 million (approximately $1,095 million) or whose integrated circuits have a line width of less than 0.25 micron are entitled to preferential tax rate of 15%. If the operation period is more than 15 years, those enterprises are entitled to a full exemption from income tax for five years starting from the first profitable year after utilizing all prior years’ tax losses and 50% reduction for the following five years. SMIS, SMIB and SMIT have met such accreditation requirements.
Foreign Currency Fluctuations
Our sales are generally denominated in U.S. dollars and our operating expenses and capital expenditures are generally denominated in U.S. dollars, Japanese Yen, Euros and Renminbi. Accordingly, we are affected by fluctuations in exchange rates between the U.S. dollar and each of the Japanese Yen, the Euro and the Renminbi. See “Risk Factors - Risks Related to Conducting Operations in China - Devaluation or appreciation in the value of the Renminbi or restrictions on convertibility of the Renminbi could adversely affect our operating results” and “Risk Factors - Risks Related to Our Financial Condition and Business - Exchange rate fluctuations could increase our costs, which could adversely affect our operating results and the value of our ADSs” for a discussion of the effects on our company of fluctuating exchange rates and Item 11 - Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk - Foreign Exchange Rate Fluctuation Risk” for a discussion of our efforts to minimize such risks.
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Recent Accounting Pronouncements
In August 2009, the FASB issued Accounting Standards Update (“ASU”) 2009-05, “Fair Value Measurements and Disclosures (Topic 820) — Measuring Liabilities at Fair Value” (“ASU 2009-05”). ASU 2009-05 amends accounting guidance regarding the fair value measurement of liabilities. It provides clarification that in circumstances in which a quoted price in an active market for the identical liability is not available, a reporting entity is required to measure the fair value using (1) a valuation technique that uses the quoted price of the identical liability when traded as an asset or quoted prices for similar liabilities when traded as assets or (2) another valuation technique that is consistent with the principles of Topic 820. It also clarifies that when estimating the fair value of a liability, a reporting entity is not required to include a separate input or adjustment to other inputs relating to the existence of a restriction that prevents the transfer of the liability and that both a quoted price in an active market for the identical liability at measurement date and that the quoted price for the identical liability when traded as an asset in an active market when no adjustments to the quoted price of the asset are required are Level 1 fair value measurements. The provisions of ASU 2009-05 are effective for the first reporting period (including interim periods) beginning after issuance. Early application is permitted. The adoption of ASU 2009-05 does not have a material impact on the Company’s consolidated financial position or result of operations.
In October 2009, the FASB issued ASU 2009-13, “Revenue Recognition (Topic 605) — Multiple- Deliverable Revenue Arrangements a consensus of the FASB Emerging Issues Task Force”. This guidance addresses the accounting for multiple-deliverable arrangements to enable vendors to account for products or services (deliverables) separately rather than as a combined unit. Specifically, this guidance amends the criteria for separating consideration in multiple-deliverable arrangements. This guidance establishes a selling price hierarchy for determining the selling price of a deliverable, which is based on: (a) vendor-specific objective evidence if available; (b) third-party evidence if vendor-specific objective is not available; or (c) estimated selling price if neither vendor-specific objective evidence nor third-party evidence is available. This guidance also eliminates the residual method of allocation and requires that arrangement consideration be allocated at the inception of the arrangement to all deliverables using the relative selling price method. In addition, this guidance significantly expands required disclosures related to a vendor’s multiple-deliverable revenue arrangements. This guidance is effective prospectively for revenue arrangements entered into or materially modified in fiscal years beginning on or after June 15, 2010. The Company will adopt this new guidance on January 1, 2011. The adoption of this new guidance is not expected to have a material impact on the Company’s consolidated financial position, results of operations or cash flows.
In December 2009, the FASB issued ASU 2009-17, “Consolidations (Topic 810) — Improvements to Financial Reporting by Enterprises Involved with Variable Interest Entities” (“ASU 2009-17”) (previously SFAS 167, “Amendments to FASB Interpretation No. 46(R)”). The amendments in ASU 2009-17 replace the quantitative-based risks and rewards calculation for determining which reporting entity, if any, has a controlling financial interest in a variable interest entity with an approach primarily focused on identifying which reporting entity has the power to direct the activities of a variable interest entity that most significantly impact the entity’s economic performance and (1) the obligation to absorb the losses of the entity or (2) the right to receive the benefits from the entity. ASU 2009-17 also requires additional disclosure about a reporting entity’s involvement in variable interest entities, as well as any significant changes in risk exposure due to that involvement. ASU 2009-17 is effective for annual and interim periods beginning after November 15, 2009. Early application is not permitted. The Company does not expect ASU 2009-17 to have a material impact on its consolidated financial statements.
In January 2010, the FASB issued ASU 2010-06, “Fair Value Measurements and Disclosures (Topic 820) — Improving Disclosures about Fair Value Measurements” (“ASU 2010-06”). The ASU amends ASC 820 (previously SFAS 157, “Fair Value Measurements”) to add new requirements for disclosures about (1) the different classes of assets and liabilities measured at fair value, (2) the valuation techniques and inputs used, (3) the activity in Level 3 fair value measurements, and (4) the transfers between Levels 1, 2, and 3. ASU 2010-06 is effective for the first reporting period beginning after December 15, 2009, except for the requirement to provide the Level 3 activity of purchases, sales, issuances, and settlements on a gross basis, which will be effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2010, and for interim periods within those fiscal years. In the period of initial adoption, entities will not be required to provide the amended disclosures for any previous periods presented for comparative purposes. However, those disclosures are required for periods ending after initial adoption. Early adoption is permitted. ASU 2010-06 does not change the accounting treatment for fair value measurements and will change the Company’s disclosure for fair value measurements.
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Incentives from the Chinese government
The chart below sets forth a brief summary of the material incentives received by our Chinese subsidiaries from the Chinese government. Our Shanghai, Beijing, and Tianjin subsidiaries are qualified as integrated circuit production enterprises under the Chinese government’s Several Policies to Encourage the Development of Software and Integrated Circuit Industry. Under these policies, any company that engages in the semiconductor industry in China and has a total investment size in excess of 8,000 million Renminbi (approximately US$964 million) and fabricates integrated circuits that have a linewidth of less than 0.25 micron are entitled to the last three benefits listed below. For a more detailed discussion of these incentives, see “Item 4-Information on the Company-Regulation.”
Incentive | | SMIC Shanghai, SMIC Beijing, and SMIC Tianjin |
Preferential Value-added Tax Policies. | | 17% VAT rate. 17% tax refund rate for exports reduced to 13% as of January 1, 2004. 13% tax refund rate for exports increased to 17% as of November 1, 2004. |
|
Preferential Enterprise Income Tax Policies | | Five-year full exemption and five-year 50% reduction upon approval from the local tax bureau. |
|
Preferential Customs Duties and Import-related VAT Policies | | Exemption from customs duties with respect to its equipment, spare parts and raw materials. Exemption from import-related VAT with respect to its equipment, spare parts and raw materials. Exemption from VAT for imported equipment will no longer apply as of July 1, 2009 and a 17% VAT rate will apply. |
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Operating Results
Sales
We generate our sales primarily from fabricating semiconductors. We also derive a relatively small portion of our sales from the mask-making, wafer probing, and other services that we perform for third parties separately from our foundry services.
In 2009, fabless semiconductor companies accounted for 66.3%, IDMs accounted for 16.4% and systems and other companies accounted for 17.3%, respectively, of our sales. Although we are not dependent on any single customer, a significant portion of our net sales is attributable to a relatively small number of our customers. In 2007, 2008, and 2009 our five largest customers accounted for approximately 60.0%, 58.2%, and 60.0% of our sales, respectively.
Cost of sales
Our cost of sales consists principally of:
- depreciation and amortization;
- overhead, including maintenance of production equipment, indirect materials, including chemicals, gases and various types of precious and other metals, utilities and royalties;
- direct materials, which consist of raw wafer costs;
- labor, including amortization of deferred stock compensation for employees directly involved in manufacturing activities; and
- production support, including facilities, utilities, quality control, automated systems and management functions.
Our depreciation expenses attributable to cost of sales were US$657.8 million in 2007, US$663.1 million in 2008, and US$575.1 million in 2009.
Operating expenses (income)
Our operating expenses (income) consist of:
- Research and development expenses. Research and development expenses consist primarily of salaries and benefits of research and development personnel, materials costs, depreciation and maintenance on the equipment used in our research and development efforts, contracted technology development costs, and the costs associated with the ramp-up of new fabs but are partially offset by related government subsidies.
- General and administrative expenses. General and administrative expenses consist primarily of salaries and benefits for our administrative, finance and human resource personnel, commercial insurance, fees for professional services, bad debt expenses, foreign exchange gains and losses from operating activities. Foreign exchange gains and losses relate primarily to period-end translation adjustments due to exchange rate fluctuations that affect payables and receivables directly related to our operations.
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- Selling and marketing expenses. Selling and marketing expenses consist primarily of salaries and benefits of personnel engaged in sales and marketing activities, costs of customer wafer samples, other marketing incentives and related marketing expenses.
- Amortization of acquired intangible assets. Amortization of acquired intangible assets consist primarily of the cost associated with the purchase of technology, licenses, and patent licenses.
- Income from sale of plant and equipment and other fixed assets. In 2009, the Company sold plant, equipment and other fixed assets with a carrying value of US$5.5 million for US$1.7 million, which resulted in a loss on disposal of US$3.8 million.
Other income (expenses)
Our other income (expenses) consists of:
- interest income, which has been primarily derived from cash equivalents and short-term investments and interest on share purchase receivables;
- interest expenses, net of capitalized portions and government interest subsidies, which have been primarily attributable to our bank loans and the imputed interest rate on an outstanding interest-free promissory note; and
- other income and expense items, such as those relating to the employee living quarters and school; and
- foreign exchange gains and losses relating to financing and investing activities, including forward contracts.
Comparisons of Results of Operations
Consolidated Financial Data
The summary consolidated financial data presented below as of and for the years ended December 31, 2007, 2008, and 2009 are derived from, and should be read in conjunction with, and are qualified in their entirety by reference to, our audited consolidated financial statements, including the related notes, included elsewhere in this annual report. The summary consolidated financial data as of and for the years ended December 31, 2005 and 2006 is derived from our audited consolidated financial statements not included in this annual report. The summary consolidated financial data presented below has been prepared in accordance with U.S. GAAP.
| | For the year ended December 31, |
| | 2005 | | 2006 | | 2007 | | | 2008 | | | 2009 |
| | (in US$ thousands, except for share, ADS, percentages, and operating data) |
Statement of Operations Data: | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Sales | | $ | 1,171,319 | | $ | 1,465,323 | | $ | 1,549,765 | | $ | 1,353,711 | | | $ | 1,070,387 | |
Cost of sales(1) | | | 1,105,134 | | | 1,338,155 | | | 1,397,038 | | | 1,412,851 | | | | 1,184,589 | |
Gross profit (loss) | | | 66,185 | | | 127,168 | | | 152,727 | | | (59,140 | ) | | | (114,202 | ) |
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| | For the year ended December 31, |
| | 2005 | | 2006 | | 2007 | | 2008 | | 2009 |
| | (in US$ thousands, except for share, ADS, percentages, and operating data) |
Operating expenses (income): | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Research and development | | | 78,865 | | | | 94,171 | | | | 97,034 | | | | 102,240 | | | | 160,753 | |
General and administrative | | | 35,701 | | | | 47,365 | | | | 74,490 | | | | 58,841 | | | | 215,566 | |
Selling and marketing | | | 17,713 | | | | 18,231 | | | | 18,716 | | | | 20,661 | | | | 26,566 | |
Amortization of acquired intangible | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
assets | | | 20,946 | | | | 24,393 | | | | 27,071 | | | | 32,191 | | | | 35,064 | |
Impairment loss of long-lived assets | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | | | | 106,741 | | | | 138,295 | |
Loss (gain) from sale of plant and | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
equipment and other fixed assets | | | — | | | | (43,122 | ) | | | (28,651 | ) | | | (2,877 | ) | | | 3,832 | |
Litigation settlement | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | | | | 269,637 | |
Total operating expenses, net | | | 153,225 | | | | 141,038 | | | | 188,659 | | | | 317,797 | | | | 849,714 | |
Loss from operations | | | (87,040 | ) | | | (13,870 | ) | | | (35,932 | ) | | | (376,937 | ) | | | (963,917 | ) |
Other income (expenses): | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Interest income | | | 11,356 | | | | 14,916 | | | | 12,349 | | | | 11,542 | | | | 2,591 | |
Interest expense | | | (38,784 | ) | | | (50,926 | ) | | | (37,936 | ) | | | (50,767 | ) | | | (24,699 | ) |
Change in the fair value of | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
commitment to issue shares and | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
warrants | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | | | | (30,101 | ) |
Foreign currency exchange gain (loss) | | | (3,355 | ) | | | (21,912 | ) | | | 11,250 | | | | 3,230 | | | | 4,180 | |
Other, net | | | 4,462 | | | | 1,821 | | | | 2,238 | | | | 7,429 | | | | 4,626 | |
Total other expense, net | | | (26,322 | ) | | | (56,101 | ) | | | (12,100 | ) | | | (28,566 | ) | | | (43,403 | ) |
Loss before income tax | | | (113,362 | ) | | | (69,971 | ) | | | (48,032 | ) | | | (405,503 | ) | | | (1,007,319 | ) |
Income tax benefit (expense) | | | (285 | ) | | | 24,928 | | | | 29,720 | | | | (26,433 | ) | | | 46,624 | |
Loss from equity investment | | | (1,379 | ) | | | (4,201 | ) | | | (4,013 | ) | | | (444 | ) | | | (1,782 | ) |
Net loss before cumulative effect of a | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
change in accounting principle | | | (115,026 | ) | | | (49,244 | ) | | | (22,324 | ) | | | (432,380 | ) | | | (962,478 | ) |
Cumulative effect of a change in | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
accounting principle | | | — | | | | 5,154 | | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | |
Net loss | | | (115,026 | ) | | | (44,090 | ) | | | (22,324 | ) | | | (432,380 | ) | | | (962,478 | ) |
Accretion of interest to noncontrolling | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
interest | | | 251 | | | | (19 | ) | | | 2,856 | | | | (7,851 | ) | | | (1,060 | ) |
Loss attributable to Semiconductor | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Manufacturing International | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Corporation | | $ | (114,775 | ) | | $ | (44,109 | ) | | $ | (19,468 | ) | | | (440,231 | ) | | | (963,537 | ) |
Loss per ordinary share, basic | | $ | (0.00 | ) | | $ | (0.00 | ) | | $ | (0.00 | ) | | $ | (0.02 | ) | | $ | (0.04 | ) |
Loss per ordinary share, diluted | | $ | (0.00 | ) | | $ | (0.00 | ) | | $ | (0.00 | ) | | $ | (0.02 | ) | | $ | (0.04 | ) |
Ordinary shares used in calculating | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
basic loss per ordinary share(3) | | | 18,184,429,255 | | | | 18,334,498,923 | | | | 18,501,940,489 | | | | 18,682,544,866 | | | | 22,359,237,084 | |
Ordinary shares used in calculating | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
diluted loss per ordinary share(2) | | | 18,184,429,255 | | | | 18,334,498,923 | | | | 18,501,940,489 | | | | 18,682,544,866 | | | | 22,359,237,084 | |
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| | For the year ended December 31, |
| | 2005 | | 2006 | | 2007 | | 2008 | | 2009 |
| | (in US$ thousands, except for share, ADS, percentages, and operating data) |
Loss per ADS, basic(3) | | $ | (0.32 | ) | | $ | (0.12 | ) | | $ | (0.05 | ) | | $ | (1.18 | ) | | $ | (2.15 | ) |
Loss per ADS, diluted(3) | | $ | (0.32 | ) | | $ | (0.12 | ) | | $ | (0.05 | ) | | $ | (1.18 | ) | | $ | (2.15 | ) |
ADS used in calculating basic loss | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
per ADS(3) | | | 363,688,585 | | | | 366,689,978 | | | | 370,038,810 | | | | 373,650,897 | | | | 447,184,742 | |
ADS used in calculating diluted loss | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
per ADS(4) | | | 363,688,585 | | | | 366,689,978 | | | | 370,038,810 | | | | 373,650,897 | | | | 447,184,742 | |
|
Other Financial Data: | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Gross margin | | | 5.70 | % | | | 8.70 | % | | | 9.90 | % | | | -4.40 | % | | | -10.67 | % |
Operating margin | | | -7.40 | % | | | -0.90 | % | | | -2.30 | % | | | -27.80 | % | | | -90.05 | % |
Net margin | | | -9.80 | % | | | -3.00 | % | | | -1.30 | % | | | -32.50 | % | | | -89.92 | % |
|
Operating Data: | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Wafers shipped (in 8” equivalents) | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Total | | | 1,347,302 | | | | 1,614,888 | | | | 1,849,957 | | | | 1,611,208 | | | | 1,376,663 | |
ASP(4) | | | 869 | | | | 907 | | | | 838 | | | | 840 | | | | 778 | |
____________________
(1) | | Including amortization of deferred stock compensation for employees directly involved in manufacturing activities. |
|
(2) | | Anti-dilutive preference shares, options and warrants were excluded from the weighted average ordinary shares outstanding for the diluted per share calculation. For 2006, 2007, 2008, and 2009 basic income (loss) per share did not differ from diluted loss per share. |
|
(3) | | Fifty ordinary shares equals one ADS. |
|
(4) | | Total sales/total wafers shipped. |
Comparisons of the Years Ended December 31, 2007, 2008 and 2009
Year Ended December 31, 2009 Compared to Year Ended December 31, 2008
Sales. Sales decreased by 20.9% from US$1,353.7 million for 2008 to US$1,070.4 million for 2009, primarily due to a decrease in overall wafer shipments. For the full year 2009, the overall wafer shipments were 1,376,663 units of 8-inch equivalent wafers, down 14.6% year-on-year. The average selling price of the wafers the Company shipped decreased by 7.5% from US$840 per wafer to US$778. Excluding DRAM revenue, the percentage of wafer revenues that used 0.13 micron and below process technology increased from 38.2% to 44.2% between these two periods.
Cost of sales and gross profit. Cost of sales decreased by 16.2% from US$1,412.9 million for 2008 to US$1,184.6 million for 2009. Out of the total cost of sales for 2009, US$575.1 million was attributable to depreciation of plant and equipment and another $23.5 million was attributable to amortization of deferred costs and share-based compensation costs. Out of the total cost of sales for 2008, US$663.1 million was attributable to depreciation of plant and equipment and another $28.4 million was attributable to amortization of deferred costs and share-based compensation costs. The Company had a gross loss of US$114.2 million for 2009 compared to a gross loss of US$59.1 million in 2008. Gross margins were –10.7% in 2009 compared to –4.4% in 2008. The decrease in gross margins was due to market downturn experienced in the first quarter of 2009.
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Operating expenses and loss from operations. Operating expenses increased by 167.4% from US$317.8 million for 2008 to US$849.7 million for 2009 primarily due to charges related to settlement of litigation.
Research and development expenses increased by 57.2% from US$102.2 million for 2008 to US$160.8 million for 2009. The Company received fewer government subsidies for research & development expenses in 2009 compared to 2008.
General and administrative expenses increased by 266.4% to US$215.6 million for 2009 from US$58.8 million for 2008, primarily due to an increase in bad debt provision, contingent liability and legal fees.
Selling and marketing expenses increased by 28.6% from US$20.7 million for 2008 to US$26.6 million for 2009, due to an increase in sales and marketing activities.
As described in “Note 11. — Acquired intangible assets, net”, the amortization of acquired intangible assets increased from US$32.2 million for 2008 to US$35.1 million for 2009.
Additional charges were recognized under operating expense in the fourth quarter of 2009, of which $269.6 million was related to the settlement of litigation and $138.3 million was related to long-lived asset impairment. The total amount of the settlement litigation charge including the portion classified under non-operating expense was $299.7 million.
Impairment of plant and equipment. In 2009, the effect of adverse market conditions and significant changes in the Company’s operation strategy lead to the Company’s identification and commitment to abandon a group of long-lived assets. This group of long-lived assets is equipped with outdated technologies and no longer receives vendor support. As of December 31, 2009, this group of assets ceased to be used. As a result, the Company recorded an impairment loss of $104,676,535 after writing down the carrying value to zero.
As a result, the Company’s loss from operations was US$963.9 million in 2009 compared to loss from operations of US$376.9 million in 2008. Operating margin was -90.1% and -27.8%, for 2009 and 2008 respectively.
Other income (expenses). Other expenses increased from US$28.6 million in 2008 to US$43.4 million in 2009 primarily due to a change in the fair value of the commitment to grant shares and warrants in the amount of $30.1 million related to the litigation settlement. Foreign exchange gain from non-operating activities increased from US$3.2 million in 2008 to US$4.2 million in 2009. Total foreign exchange gain, combining the operating and non-operating activities, was US$7.3 million in 2009 as compared to US$11.4 million in 2008.
Net loss. Due to the factors described above, the Company recorded a net loss of US$963.5 million in 2009 compared to a net loss of US$440.2 million in 2008.
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Year Ended December 31, 2008 Compared to Year Ended December 31, 2007
Sales. Sales decreased by 12.7% from US$1,549.8 million for 2007 to US$1,353.7 million for 2008, primarily due to the transition of DRAM production to logic production in the Beijing fab and the sharp market downturn experienced in the fourth quarter. However, consistent with our stated strategy of focusing on the non-DRAM business, non-DRAM revenue has grown by 14.3% for the same period. The number of wafers the Company shipped decreased by 12.9%, from 1,849,957 8-inch wafer equivalents to 1,611,208 8-inch wafer equivalents, while the number of logic only wafer shipments increased by 24.9% between the two periods. The average selling price of the wafers the Company shipped remained relatively flat, with a slight increase of 0.2% from US$838 per wafer to US$840 per wafer. Due to the exit from the commodity DRAM business, the percentage of wafer revenues that used 0.13 micron and below process technology decreased from 53.1% to 43.9% between these two periods. However, if DRAM revenue is excluded, the percentage of wafer revenues that used 0.13 micron and below process technology increased from 24.9% to 38.2% between these two periods.
Cost of sales and gross profit. Cost of sales increased by 1.1% from US$1,397.0 million for 2007 to US$1,412.9 million for 2008. Out of the total cost of sales for 2008, US$663.1 million was attributable to depreciation of plant and equipment and another US$28.4 million was attributable to amortization of deferred costs and share-based compensation costs. Out of the total cost of sales for 2007, US$657.8 million was attributable to depreciation of plant and equipment and another US$33.8 million was attributable to amortization of deferred costs and share-based compensation costs. The Company had a gross loss of US$59.1 million for 2008 compared to a gross profit of US$152.7 million in 2007. Gross margins were -4.4% in 2008 compared to 9.9% in 2007. The decrease in gross margins was due to the transition of DRAM production to logic production in the Beijing fab which resulted in lower utilization, as well as the write down of DRAM inventories and the sharp market downturn experienced in the fourth quarter.
Operating expenses and loss from operations. Operating expenses increased by 68.4% from US$188.7 million for 2007 to US$317.8 million for 2008 primarily due to the impairment charge recorded in 2008 in connection with the decision to exit the commodity DRAM business. The Company received less income from the sale of equipment and fixed assets, which income was US$28.7 million in 2007 compared to US$2.9 million in 2008.
Research and development expenses increased by 5.4% from US$97.0 million for 2007 to US$102.2 million for 2008. The Company received an increase in government subsidies for research and development expenses in 2008; however, expenses associated with 45-nanometer and 65-nanometer technology development, as well as expenses incurred for the Shanghai 12-inch project, also increased in 2008.
General and administrative expenses decreased by 21.1% to US$58.8 million for 2008 from US$74.5 million for 2007, primarily due to a decrease in legal fees as well as a foreign exchange gain from operating activities of US$8.2 million recorded in 2008, while a foreign exchange loss from operating activities of US$3.1 million was recorded in 2007.
Selling and marketing expenses increased by 10.7% from US$18.7 million for 2007 to US$20.7 million for 2008, due to an increase in sales and marketing activities.
During the first quarter of 2008, the Company reached an agreement with certain customers to discontinue production of DRAM products and subsequently the Company decided to exit the commodity DRAM business. The Company considered these actions to be an indicator of impairment in regard to plant and equipment of the Company’s Beijing facilities. The Company recorded an impairment loss of $105.8 million during the first quarter of 2008, equal to the excess of the carrying value over the fair value of the plant and equipment utilizing a discounted cash flow approach. For the purpose of the analysis, a discount rate of 9% has been used on the expected cash flows to be generated over the remaining useful lives of primary manufacturing machinery and equipments of approximately 5 years.
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As a result, the Company’s loss from operations was US$376.9 million in 2008 compared to loss from operations of US$35.9 million in 2007. Operating margin was negative 27.8% and 2.3%, respectively, for these two years.
Other income (expenses). Other expenses increased from US$12.1 million in 2007 to US$28.6 million in 2008 primarily due to an increase in interest expense. This increase in interest expense, from US$37.9 million in 2007 to US$50.8 million in 2008, was primarily due to a decrease in interest subsidy. Foreign exchange gain from non-operating activities decreased from US$11.3 million in 2007 to US$3.2 million in 2008. Total foreign exchange gain, combining the operating and non-operating activities, was US$11.4 million in 2008 as compared to US$8.1 million in 2007.
Net loss. Due to the factors described above, the Company recorded a net loss of US$440.2 million in 2008 compared to a net loss of US$19.5 million for 2007.
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Liquidity and Capital Resources
The following table sets forth a condensed summary of our audited statements of cash flows for the periods indicated:
| | For the year ended |
| | December 31, |
| | 2007 | | 2008 | | 2009 |
| | (in US$ thousands) |
Net cash provided by operating activities: | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Net loss | | $ | (22,324 | ) | | $ | (432,380 | ) | | $ | (962,478 | ) |
Depreciation and amortization | | | 706,277 | | | | 761,809 | | | | 748,185 | |
Total | | | 672,465 | | | | 569,782 | | | | 283,566 | |
Net cash used in investing activities: | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Purchase of property, plant and equipment | | | (717,171 | ) | | | (669,055 | ) | | | (217,269 | ) |
Total | | | (642,344 | ) | | | (761,713 | ) | | | (211,498 | ) |
Net cash provided by (used in) financing activities: | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Proceeds from short-term borrowings | | | 201,658 | | | | 422,575 | | | | 726,897 | |
Proceeds from long-term debt | | | 262,248 | | | | 285,930 | | | | 100,946 | |
Total | | | 75,637 | | | | 173,314 | | | | (78,902 | ) |
Net increase (decrease) in cash and cash equivalents | | $ | 105,664 | | | $ | (19,054 | ) | | $ | (6,767 | ) |
Operating Activities
As of December 31, 2009, we had US$443.5 million in cash and cash equivalents. These cash and cash equivalents are held in the form of United States dollars, Japanese Yen, European Euros, and Chinese Renminbi. Our net cash provided by operating activities in 2009 was US$283.6 million, down by 50.2% from US$569.8 million in 2008. The decrease in net cash provided by operating activities was primarily due to the decrease in overall wafer shipments and the slower turnover of accounts receivable resulting from the market downturn.
As of December 31, 2008, we had US$450.2 million in cash and cash equivalents. These cash and cash equivalents are held in the form of United States dollars, Japanese Yen, European Euros, and Chinese Renminbi. Our net cash provided by operating activities in 2008 was US$569.8 million, which was primarily due to the loss attributable to holders of ordinary shares of US$440.2 million, a decrease of US$76.7 million in inventories, a decrease of US$97.8 million in accounts receivable and an increase of US$76.8 million in accounts payable relating to the purchase of materials and inventories, and the add-back of US$761.8 million in depreciation and amortization relating to commercial production.
As of December 31, 2007, we had US$469.3 million in cash and cash equivalents. These cash and cash equivalents are held in the form of United States dollars, Japanese Yen, European Euros, and Chinese Renminbi. Our net cash provided by operating activities in 2007 was US$672.5 million, which was primarily due to the loss attributable to holders of ordinary shares of US$19.5 million, a decrease of US$26.9 million in inventories, an increase of US$46.2 million in accounts receivable due to an increase in sales and an increase of US$19.9 million in accounts payable relating to the purchase of materials and inventories, and the add-back of US$706.3 million in depreciation and amortization relating to commercial production.
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Investing Activities
Our net cash used in investing activities was US$211.5 million in 2009, US$761.7 million in 2008, and US$642.3 million in 2007. This was primarily attributable to purchases of plant and equipment for our mega-fabs in Shanghai and Beijing, and Tianjin fab in these periods as well as costs associated with the Shanghai fab construction.
Financing Activities
Our net cash used in financing activities in 2009 was US$78.9 million. This was primarily derived from US$726.9 million in proceeds from short-term borrowings, US$100.9 million in proceeds from long-term debt, US$641.3 million in the repayment of short-term borrowings, and US$241.7 million in the repayment of long-term debt.
Our net cash provided by financing activities in 2008 was US$173.3 million. This was primarily derived from US$422.6 million in proceeds from short-term borrowings, US$285.9 million in proceeds from long-term debt, US$328.3 million in the repayment of short-term borrowings, and US$345.8 million in the repayment of long-term debt. In addition, US$168.1 million came from proceeds from the issuance of ordinary shares.
Our net cash used in financing activities in 2007 was US$75.6 million. This was primarily derived from US$201.7 million in proceeds from short-term borrowings, US$262.2 million in proceeds from long-term debt, US$165.7 million in the repayment of short-term borrowings, and US$195.6 million in the repayment of long-term debt.
Capital Expenditures
We incurred capital expenditures of US$860 million, US$666 million, and US$190 million in 2007, 2008 and 2009, respectively. We currently expect our capital expenditures in 2010 to total approximately US$335 million, to be adjusted based on market conditions. We have financed our substantial capital expenditure requirements through the proceeds received in our global offering, several rounds of private financing, cash flows from operations, and bank borrowings. Once a fab is in operation at acceptable capacity and yield rates, it can provide significant cash flows.
Any transfer of funds from our company to our Chinese subsidiaries, either as a shareholder loan or as an increase in registered capital, is subject to registration or approval of Chinese governmental authorities, including the relevant administration of foreign exchange and/or the relevant examining and approval authority. In addition, it is not permitted under Chinese law for our Chinese subsidiaries to directly lend money to each other. Therefore, it is difficult to change our capital expenditure plans once the relevant funds have been remitted from our company to our Chinese subsidiaries. These limitations on the free flow of funds between us and our Chinese subsidiaries could restrict our ability to act in response to changing market conditions and reallocate funds from one Chinese subsidiary to another in a timely manner.
Our cash flows from operations have historically exceeded operating income, reflecting our significant non-cash depreciation expenses. Our operating cash flows may not be sufficient to meet our capital expenditure requirements in 2010. If our operating cash flows are insufficient, we plan to fund the expected shortfall through bank loans. If necessary, we will also explore other forms of external financing.
If the current economic or market conditions deteriorate, our business, financial condition and results of operations could be materially and adversely affected. Therefore there can be no assurance that our business will generate and continue to generate sufficient cash flow to fund our liquidity needs in the future as cash flow generation may be affected by, among other factors, sales levels, capacity utilization, industry business conditions as well as global economic conditions.
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Commitments
As of December 31, 2009, we had commitments of US$69 million for facilities construction obligations in 2010 for our Shanghai, Beijing, Tianjin, Chengdu, and Shenzhen. The Company had commitments of US$77 million to purchase machinery and equipment for testing facility in 2010 in Chengdu and for the Shanghai, Beijing, Shenzhen and Tianjin fabs.
For additional information, see “Item 5 - Operating and Financial Review and Prospects-Factors that Impact Our Results of Operations-Substantial Capital Expenditures” and “Capacity Expansion.”
As of December 31, 2009, the Company’s outstanding long-term liabilities primarily consisted of US$756.4 million in secured bank loans, which are repayable in installments which commenced in June 2006, with the last payment in December 2012.
2006 Loan Facility (SMIC Shanghai). In June 2006, SMIC Shanghai entered into a USD denominated long-term facility arrangement for US$600.0 million with a consortium of international and PRC banks. Of this principal amount, US$393.0 million was used to repay the principal amount outstanding under SMIC Shanghai’s bank facilities from December 2001 and January 2004. The remaining principal amount will be used to finance future expansion and general corporate requirements for SMIC Shanghai. This facility is secured by the manufacturing equipment located in the SMIC Shanghai 8-inch fabs. The Company has guaranteed SMIC Shanghai’s obligations under this facility. As of December 31, 2007, SMIC Shanghai had fully drawn down on this loan facility. The principal amount is repayable starting from December 2006 in ten semi-annual installments. As of December 31, 2009, SMIC Shanghai had repaid US$472 million according to the repayment schedule. In 2009, the interest rate on the loan ranged from 1.18% to 3.18%. The interest expense incurred in 2009, 2008 and 2007 were US$5.5 million, US$17.0 million and US$17.3 million, respectively, of which US$0.2 million, US$5.4 million and US$3.3 million were capitalized as additions to assets under construction in 2009, 2008 and 2007, respectively.
The total outstanding balance of the long-term facility is collateralized by certain equipment at the original cost of US$1,815 million as of December 31, 2009.
The long-term loan agreement entered into in June 2006 contains the following covenants:
Any of the following in respect of SMIC Shanghai would constitute an event of default during the term of the loan agreement.
Financial covenants for SMIC Shanghai including:
1. Consolidated tangible net worth of no less than US$1,200 million;
2. Consolidated total borrowings to consolidated tangible net worth of:
(a) no more than 60% for periods up to and including December 31, 2008; and
(b) no more than 45% thereafter;
3. Consolidated total borrowings to trailing preceding four quarters EBITDA not to exceed 1.50x; and
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4. Debt Service Coverage Ratio of no less than 1.5x. Debt Service Coverage Ratio means trailing four quarters EBITDA divided by scheduled principal repayments and interest expense for all bank borrowings (including hire purchases, leases and other borrowed monies) for the same period.
Financial covenants for the Company, as the guarantor, including:
1. Consolidated tangible net worth of no less than US$2,300 million;
2. Consolidated net borrowings to consolidated tangible net worth of:
(a) no more than 50% for period up to and including June 30, 2009;
(b) no more than 40% thereafter; and
3. Consolidated net borrowings to trailing four quarters EBITDA of:
(a) no more than 1.50x for periods up to and including June 30, 2009; and no more than 1.30x thereafter.
SMIC Shanghai is exempted from the covenants by the lenders. Furthermore, the Company is currently working with the lenders to refinance the remainder of the USD loan and expects the completion of this restructuring in the near future from the date of this report.
2009 USD & RMB Loan Facility. In June 2009, SMIC Shanghai entered into the Shanghai USD & RMB loan, a new two-year loan facility in the principal amount of US$80 million and RMB200 million with The Export-Import Bank of China. This facility is secured by the manufacturing equipment located in SMIC Shanghai’s 12-inch fab. This two-year bank facility will be used to finance future expansion and general corporate needs for SMIC Shanghai’s 12-inch fab. As of December 31, 2009, SMIC Shanghai had drawn down US$70 million and RMB200 million (US$29.3 million), respectively, on this loan facility. The principal amount is repayable on June 2011. In 2009, the interest rate on the loan ranged from 3.10% to 4.86%. The interest expense incurred in 2009 was US$1.3 million, of which US$0.1 million was capitalized as additions to assets under construction in 2009.
The total outstanding balance of the facilities is collateralized by certain equipment with an original cost of US$362 million as of December 31, 2009.
2005 Loan Facility (SMIC Beijing). In May 2005, SMIC Beijing entered into a five year USD denominated loan facility in the aggregate principal amount of US$600.0 million, with a syndicate of financial institutions based in the PRC. This five-year bank loan will be used to expand the capacity of SMIC Beijing’s fabs. The drawdown period of this facility was twelve months from the sign off date of the agreement. This facility is secured by the manufacturing equipment located in the SMIC Beijing 12-inch fabs. The Company has guaranteed SMIC Beijing’s obligations under this facility. As of December 31, 2006, SMIC Beijing had fully drawn down US$600.0 million on this loan facility. The principal amount is repayable starting in December 2007 in six semi-annual installments. In 2008 and 2007, SMIC Beijing had repaid US$200.0 million and US$100.0 million respectively, according to the repayment schedule. On June 26, 2009, SMIC Beijing entered into an amendment to the syndicated loan agreement to extend the repayment date of the outstanding balance commencing from June 28, 2009 to December 28, 2011 and onwards. The amendment includes a provision for mandatory early repayment of a portion of the outstanding balance if SMIC Beijing’s financial performance exceeds certain pre-determined benchmarks. The interest rate on this loan facility in 2009 ranged from 2.64% to 3.46%. The amendment has been accounted for as a modification as the terms of the amended instrument are not substantially different from the original terms. The interest expense incurred in 2009, 2008 and 2007 were US$10.2 million, US$25.6 million and US$42.2 million, of which US$0.5 million, US$1.6 million and US$2.3 million were capitalized as additions to assets under construction in 2009, 2008 and 2007, respectively.
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The total outstanding balance of the SMIC Beijing USD syndicate loan is collateralized by certain plant and equipment at the original cost of US$1,314 million as of December 31, 2009.
Any of the following in respect of SMIC Beijing would constitute an event of default during the term of the loan agreement:
1. [Net profit + depreciation + amortization + financial expenses - (increase of accounts receivable and advanced payments + increase of inventory - increase in accounts payable and advanced receipts)]/ financial expenses 60% (when SMIC Beijing’s capacity is less than 20,000 12-inch wafers per month); and
2. (Total liability - borrowings from shareholders, including principal and interest)/Total assets > 50% (when SMIC Beijing’s capacity is less than 20,000 12-inch wafers per month).
SMIC Beijing has complied with these covenants as of December 31, 2009.
2005 EUR Loan Facility. On December 15, 2005, the Company entered into a EUR denominated long-term loan facility agreement in the aggregate principal amount of EUR85 million (equivalent to approximately US$105 million) with ABN Amro Bank N.V. Commerz Bank N.V., Shanghai Branch. The draw down period of the facility ends on the earlier of (i) thirty six months after the execution of the agreement or (ii) the date which the loans have been fully drawn down. Each draw down made under the facility shall be repaid in full by the Company in ten equal semi-annual installments. SMIC Tianjin had drawn down in 2006 and SMIC Shanghai had drawn down in 2007 and 2008.
The total outstanding balance of the facility is collateralized by certain equipment with an original cost of US$22 million for SMIC Tianjin and US$115 million for SMIC Shanghai as of December 31, 2009.
As of December 31, 2009, SMIC Tianjin had drawn down EUR15.1 million and repaid an aggregated amount of EUR 12.1 million. As of December 31, 2009, the remaining balance is EUR3.0 million, the equivalent of US$4.3 million. In 2009, the interest rate on the loan ranged from 0.73% to 2.75%. The interest expenses incurred in 2009, 2008 and 2007 were US$0.2 million, US$0.6 million and US$0.7 million of which US$0.03 million, US$0.1 million and US$0.06 million were capitalized as additions to assets under construction in 2009, 2008 and 2007, respectively.
The total outstanding balance of the facility is collateralized by certain of SMIC Tianjin’s plant and equipment at the original cost of US$22 million as of December 31, 2009.
As of December 31, 2009, SMIC Shanghai had drawn down EUR56.9 million and repaid an aggregated amount of EUR24.9 million. As of December 31, 2009, the remaining balance is EUR32.0 million, the equivalent of US$45.9 million. In 2009, the interest rate on the loan ranged from 0.83% to 2.28%. The interest expenses incurred in 2009, 2008 and 2007 were US$1.1 million, US$2.1 million and US$0.3 million, respectively, of which US$0.03 million, US$0.7 million and US$0.02 million were capitalized as additions to assets under construction in 2009, 2008 and 2007, respectively.
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The total outstanding balance of the facility is collateralized by certain of SMIC Shanghai’s equipment at the original cost of US$115 million as of December 31, 2009.
2006 Loan Facility (SMIC Tianjin). In May 2006, SMIC Tianjin entered into a loan facility in the aggregate principal amount of US$300.0 million from a consortium of Chinese banks. This facility is secured by the manufacturing equipment located in our Tianjin fab, except for the manufacturing equipment purchased using the EUR denominated loan, and our land use rights and plant in proportion to the principal amount outstanding under this facility and the EUR denominated loan. The Company has guaranteed SMIC Tianjin’s obligations under this facility. As of December 31, 2009, SMIC Tianjin had drawn down US$259 million from the facility. The principal amount is repayable starting from February 2010 in six semi-annual installments. As of December 31, 2009, SMIC Tianjin had early repaid US$80 million and the outstanding balance was $179 million. In 2009, the interest rate on the loan ranged from 1.69% to 3.11%. The interest expenses incurred for the years ended December 31, 2009, 2008 and 2007 were US$8.0 million, US$9.1 million and US$0.3 million, respectively, of which US$1.55 million, US$1.8 million and US$0.02 million were capitalized as additions to assets under construction in 2009, 2008 and 2007, respectively.
The total outstanding balance of the facility is collateralized by certain plant and equipment with an original cost of US$631 million as of December 31, 2009.
Any of the following in respect of SMIC Tianjin would constitute an event of default during the term of the loan agreement:
1. [Net profit + depreciation + amortization + financial expenses - (increase of accounts receivable and advanced payments + increase of inventory - increase in accounts payable and advanced receipts)]/ financial expenses < 1; and
2. The ratio of total debt to total assets is more than 60% during the ramp up period of SMIC Tianjin and more than 40% after the facility is at full capacity.
SMIC Tianjin has complied with these covenants as of December 31, 2009.
Short-term Credit Agreements. As of December 31, 2009, the Company had nineteen short-term credit agreements that provided total credit facilities up to US$336.9 million on a revolving credit basis. As of December 31, 2009, the Company had drawn down US$286.9 million under these credit agreements and US$50.0 million is available for future borrowings. The outstanding borrowings under the credit agreements are unsecured, except for the amount of US$20.4 million, which is secured by term deposits. The interest expense incurred in 2009 was US$11.3 million. The interest rate on the loans ranged from 1.11% to 8.75% in 2009.
Please see “Item 8 - Financial Information-Dividends and Dividend Policy” on our ability to pay dividends on our ordinary shares.
Please see “Item 11 - Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk” regarding the risk of loss related to adverse changes in market prices, including foreign currency exchange rates and interest rates of financial instruments.
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Research and Development, Patents and Licenses, etc.
Our research and development activities are principally directed toward the development and implementation of more advanced and lower cost process technology. We spent US$97.0 million in 2007, US$102.2 million in 2008 and US$160.8 in 2009 on research and development expenses, which represented 6.3%, 7.6%, and 15.0%, respectively, of our sales in those respective years. Our research and development costs are partially offset by related government subsidies of US$3.1 million, US$56.2, and US$30.4 million in 2007, 2008, and 2009 respectively and include non-recurring engineering costs associated with the ramp-up of a new wafer facility. We plan to continue to invest significant amounts in research and development in 2010 for our 65 and 45 nanometer manufacturing process.
The research and development efforts were focused primarily on our logic platform and system-on-chip (SOC) applications. In June 2009, SMIC achieved Silicon Success with High Performance 45 nanometer Process. For 45 nanometer offerings, we extended the offerings to 40 nanometer and 55 nanometer. We also adopts Cadence DFM Solutions for 65-and-45-nanometer IP/Library Development and Full Chip Production.
We employ approximately 700 research and development engineers. This research and development team includes many experienced semiconductor engineers with advanced degrees from leading universities around the world, as well as top graduates from the leading universities in China. We believe this combination has enabled us to quickly bring our technology in line with the semiconductor industry technology roadmap and ensures that we will have skilled personnel to lead our technology advancement in the future.
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Trend Information
See “Item 5 - Operating and Financial Review and Prospects-Factors that Impact Our Results of Operations” for a discussion of the most significant recent trends affecting our operations.
Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements
We have not entered into any off-balance sheet transactions.
Tabular Disclosure of Contractual Obligations
Set forth in the table below are the aggregate amounts, as of December 31, 2009, of our future cash payment obligations under our existing debt arrangements on a consolidated basis:
| | Payments due by period |
Contractual obligations | | Total | | Less than 1 year | | 1 - 2 years | | 3 - 5 years | | After 5 years |
| | (consolidated) |
| | (in US$ thousands) |
Short-Term Borrowings(1) | | | 286,864 | | | 286,864 | | | — | | | — | | | — |
Long-Term Debt Secured Long-Term Loans(1) | | | 756,437 | | | 205,784 | | | 334,995 | | | 215,658 | | | — |
Interest payments(2) | | | 74,206 | | | 18,988 | | | 49,050 | | | 6,168 | | | — |
Operating Lease Obligations(3) | | | 5,439 | | | 743 | | | 453 | | | 361 | | | 3,882 |
Purchase Obligations(4) | | | 146,506 | | | 146,506 | | | — | | | — | | | — |
Other Long-Term Obligations(5) | | | 198,967 | | | 103,767 | | | 35,200 | | | 60,000 | | | — |
Total Contractual Obligations | | $ | 1,468,419 | | $ | 762,652 | | $ | 419,698 | | $ | 282,187 | | $ | 3,882 |
____________________
(1) | | These amounts represent outstanding borrowings. Refer to F-27, “Indebtedness”, for a description of the short-term and long-term borrowings. |
|
(2) | | These amounts represent estimated interest payments on short-term borrowings and long-term debts. The estimated interest payments are based on the weighted average interest rates incurred during the year ended December 31, 2009, ranging between 1.82% and 2.86%. |
| | |
(3) | | Represents our obligations to make lease payments to use the land on which our fabs are located in Shanghai and other office equipment we have leased. |
|
(4) | | Represents commitments for construction or purchase of semiconductor equipment, and other property or services. |
|
(5) | | Includes the settlement with TSMC for an aggregate $200 million payable in installments over the five years and the other long-term liabilities relating to certain license agreements. |
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Item 6. Directors, Senior Management and Employees
Directors and Senior Management
Members of our board of directors are elected by our shareholders. As of May 31, 2010, our board of directors consists of seven directors and one alternate director.
Our executive officers are appointed by, and serve at the discretion of, our board of directors. The following table sets forth the names, age and positions of our directors and executive officers as of May 31, 2010.
Name | | | Age | | Position | |
Directors | | | | |
Jiang Shang Zhou | | 63 | | Chairman, Independent Non-Executive Director |
David N. K. Wang | | 63 | | President, Chief Executive Officer and Executive Director |
Chen Shanzhi | | 41 | | Non-Executive Director |
Gao Yonggang | | 45 | | Non-Executive Director |
Zhou Jie | | 42 | | Non-Executive Director |
Tsuyoshi Kawanishi | | 81 | | Independent Non-Executive Director |
Lip-Bu Tan | | 50 | | Independent Non-Executive Director |
Wang Zheng Gang | | 59 | | Alternate Director to Zhou Jie |
|
Senior Managers | | | | |
Chris Chi | | 59 | | Chief Business Officer |
Simon Yang | | 51 | | Chief Operating Officer |
Gary Tseng | | 53 | | Chief Financial Officer |
Barry Quan | | 58 | | Chief Administrative Officer |
Anne Chen | | 48 | | Company Secretary, Hong Kong Representative and Chief Compliance Officer |
Samuel Tsou | | 53 | | Vice President of Corporate Human Resources |
Zhou Mei Sheng | | 52 | | Vice President of Technology and Operations Office |
John Peng | | 45 | | Associate Vice President and General Manager of China BU |
Jiang Shang Zhou
Chairman of the Board, Independent Non-executive Director
Dr. Jiang Shang Zhou has been our Director since 2006 and is currently the Chairman of our Board. Dr. Jiang is also the chairman of SMIC Shanghai, SMIC Beijing, SMIC Tianjin, SMIC Chengdu, SMIC Shenzhen and SMIC Energy Technology (Shanghai) Corporation, and has been appointed as the Chairman of Siltech Semiconductor Shanghai Corporation, and a director of Admiral Investment Holdings Limited and Semiconductor Manufacturing International (AT) Corporation.
Dr. Jiang is the Chairman of China Semiconductor Industry Association, a committee member of the Shanghai Municipal Standing Committee of Chinese People’s Political Consultative Conference, a committee member of the Shanghai Municipal Advisory Committee for Decision making. Dr. Jiang was also the deputy secretary general of Shanghai Government, an officer of and a director commissioner of Shanghai State Owned Assets Placing and Investment Committee officer of the Shanghai Chemical Industrial District Lender Team Office, officer of Shanghai International Automobile City Leader Team Office and officer of the Shanghai Fuel Cell Electric Vehicles (863 major project) Leader Team Office. Dr. Jiang received his bachelor’s degree from Tsinghua University in telecommunications and his master’s and doctorate degree in information technology from the department of electrical engineering of the Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Zurich Communication System Group.
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David N.K. Wang
President, Chief Executive Officer and Executive Director
Dr. David N.K. Wang joined our Company as President, Chief Executive Officer and Executive Director in November 2009. Dr. Wang is a well known executive with extensive experience in the global semiconductor industry. He was the CEO of Huahong (Group) Co., Ltd. and Chairman of Huahong NEC, a subsidiary of Huahong Group between September 2005 and June 2007. Prior to joining Huahong Group, Dr. Wang was the Executive Vice President of Applied Materials and President of Applied Materials Asia. Dr. Wang was responsible for Applied Materials’ business strategy, planning and execution throughout Asia with a particular focus on building infrastructure worldwide. Prior to joining Applied Materials, Dr. Wang conducted research and made a number of key breakthroughs in semiconductor technology at Bell Laboratories. Dr. Wang is a well recognized and respected innovator with more than 100 patents under his name. Dr. Wang received his Ph.D. in Materials Science and Engineering from the University of California, Berkeley.
Dr. Wang has been appointed as a director of SMIC Shanghai, SMIC Beijing, SMIC Tianjin, SMIC Chengdu, SMIC Shenzhen, Semiconductor Manufacturing International (AT) Corporation, Semiconductor Manufacturing International (BVI) Corporation, Admiral Investment Holdings Limited and Magnificent Tower Limited. He has also been appointed as a director of SMIC Shanghai (Cayman) Corporation, SMIC Beijing (Cayman) Corporation, SMIC Tianjin (Cayman) Corporation, SMIC Shenzhen (Cayman) Corporation, Semiconductor Manufacturing International (Solar Cell) Corporation, SilTech Semiconductor Corporation, and each of their subsidiaries.
Chen Shanzhi
Non-executive Director
Dr. Chen Shanzhi has been our Director since 2009. Dr. Chen is currently the VP, CTO and CIO of China Academy of Telecommunications Technology (Datang Telecom Technology & Industry Group). He is also the Vice President of Datang Telecom Technology & Industry Holdings Co. Ltd., where he is responsible for technology and standard development, corporate IT, and strategic alliances and cooperation. Dr. Chen is a member of the expert group of the Information technology of the National High Technology Research and Development Program of China (863 Program). Dr. Chen received his Bachelor of Engineering from Xidian University, Master of Engineering from Research Institute of Ministry of Posts and Telecommunications and Ph. D. from Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications. Dr. Chen has 18 years of experience in the field of information and communication technology where he has been involved in research and development, technology and strategy management. He has published a book and nearly 100 papers in the domestic and foreign academic conferences and publications, most of which were published by SCI and EI and many of his papers have received awards. At present, he has applied for 10 national invention patents.
Gao Yonggang
Non-executive Director
Mr. Gao Yonggang has been our Director since 2009, and has been appointed as a director of certain of our subsidiaries, namely, SMIC Beijing, SMIC Chengdu and SMIC Shenzhen. Mr. Gao is currently the Chief Financial Officer of China Academy of Telecommunications Technology (Datang Telecom Technology & Industry Group) and the chairman of Datang Capital (Beijing) Co., Ltd. He is also a director and the Senior Vice President of Datang Telecom Technology & Industry Holdings Co., Ltd., a director of the China Accounting Society, and a member of the Central Enterprise Youth Federation. Mr. Gao has more 20 years of experience in the area of financial management and has worked as Chief Financial Officer or person in charge of finance in various industries such as retail, industrial, municipal utilities, and many different type of firm like stateowned enterprises, private, joint venture enterprises, government agencies. In November 2004, he was appointed as the Chief Financial Officer of China Academy of Telecommunications Technology by the Stateowned Assets Supervision and Administration Commission. Mr. Gao has in-depth studies in the field of financial investment where he has been involved in a number of key research projects and has many publications in these areas.
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Zhou Jie
Non-executive Director
Mr. Zhou Jie has been our Director since 2009. Mr. Zhou is an executive director and the executive vice president of Shanghai Industrial Investment (Holdings) Co. Ltd. (“SIIC”), an executive director and the executive deputy CEO of Shanghai Industrial Holdings Limited (“SIHL”). He is also a director of certain subsidiaries of SIIC and SIHL. Mr. Zhou graduated from Shanghai Jiaotong University with a master’s degree in management science and engineering. He is currently a non-executive director of Shanghai Fudan-Zhangjiang Bio-Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd.. He was the deputy general manager of the investment banking head office of Shanghai Wanguo Holdings Ltd. (now Shenyin & Wanguo Securities Co. Ltd.) and had held the positions of the chairman and general manager of Shanghai S.I. Capital Co. Ltd. He has over 10 years’ experience in investment banking and capital market operation.
Wang Zheng Gang (Alternate Director to Mr. Zhou Jie)
Mr. Wang Zheng Gang has been our Director since 2007 and he is currently the alternate director of Mr. Zhou Jie. Mr. Wang is the chief representative of the Shanghai Representative Office of Shanghai Industrial Holdings Limited and chairman of SIIC Management (Shanghai) Ltd. He is also the vice chairman of Bright Dairy and Food Co. Ltd, a director of Shanghai Urban Development (Holdings) Co. Ltd., Shanghai Hu-Ning Expressway (Shanghai Section) Co. Ltd., Shanghai Luqiao Development Co. Ltd, Shanghai Shengyu Highway Construction Development Co. Ltd., and Shanghai SIIC South Pacific Hotel Co. Ltd. He was the head of Shanghai Dongfeng Rubber No. 2 Factory, Principal of Shanghai Dongfeng Farm, vice chairman and general manager of Shanghai Agricultural Industrial and Commercial Corp. Ltd. and a director and general manager of SIIC Africa Enterprise Ltd. and general manager of the enterprise management department of Shanghai Industrial Investment (Holdings) Co. Ltd. He graduated from the School of Management of Fudan University with a master’s degree in economics and has over 31 years’ experience in enterprise management.
Tsuyoshi Kawanishi
Independent Non-executive Director
Mr. Tsuyoshi Kawanishi has been our Director since 2001 and is also the Chairman of SMIC Japan Corporation. Mr. Kawanishi has more than 50 years of experience in the electronics industry with Toshiba Corporation, where he served as, among other positions, senior executive vice president and senior advisor. Mr. Kawanishi is an advisor to Accenture Ltd. and a number of private companies. Mr. Kawanishi has been proactively leading the semiconductor industry through his strong leadership as an advisor to the Semiconductor Equipment and Materials International (SEMI) and as the chairman of the SIP Consortium of Japan.
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Lip-Bu Tan
Independent Non-executive Director
Mr. Lip-Bu Tan has been our Director since 2002 and is also a director of SMIC Tianjin. Mr. Tan is the Founder and Chairman of Walden International, a leading venture capital firm managing over US$1.9 billion in committed capital. He concurrently serves as President and Chief Executive Officer of Cadence Design Systems, Inc., and has been a member of the Cadence Board of Directors since 2004. He also serves on the Boards of Flextronics International (NASDAQ: FLEX), SINA (NASDAQ: SINA), Global Semiconductor Alliance and several other private companies. Mr. Tan received his B.S. from Nanyang University in Singapore, his MBA from the University of San Francisco, and his M.S. in Nuclear Engineering from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology.
Senior Management
Chris Chi, Chief Business Officer
Prior to joining our company as Chief Business Officer, Mr. Chi was a consultant for CSquare Consulting. Mr. Chi first joined SMIC in 2008 as Senior Vice President of Corporate Marketing & Sales. From 1981 to 2007, he held management positions with TPO Corporation, Freescale Semiconductor, UMC Europe, UMCi Ltd. Singapore, UMC, Chartered Semiconductor Manufacturing Ltd., and Rockwell International Corporation. Mr. Chi is a Ph.D. candidate in Materials Science and he received his master’s degree in Materials Engineering from the University of California, Los Angeles. With more than 30 years of experience in the semiconductor industry, Mr. Chi is the holder of 5 patents.
Simon Yang, Chief Operating Officer
Prior to joining our company as Chief Operating Officer in 2010, Dr. Yang was the Chief Technology Officer and Senior Vice President of Operations of Chartered Semiconductor. He first joined SMIC in 2001 as the Vice President of Technology Development and Senior Vice President of Technology and Manufacturing of our Company. From December 2004 to September 2005, he was the Chief Executive Officer and President of CiWest Corporation. Dr. Yang received his PhD in Material Engineering and Master of Science in Physics from Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, and his Bachelor of Science in Electrical Engineering from Shanghai University of Science and Technology. With more than 20 years of experience in the semiconductor industry, Dr. Yang is a holder of more than of 20 patents and published more than 30 technical articles.
Gary Tseng, Chief Financial Officer
Prior to joining our company in 2010 as Chief Financial Officer, in 2008, Mr. Tseng was the Chief Operating Officer at China Solar Corporation, a thin-film solar manufacturing start-up company in Shandong, China. From 2004 to 2005, he founded Digital Display Manufacturing Co., a plasma display manufacturing start-up company in Shanghai and he was the Chief Executive Officer. From 1999 to 2003, Mr. Tseng was the Chief Investment Officer and Senior Vice President of Quanta Computer Company. From 1997 to 1998, he was the Chief Financial Officer and Senior Vice President of United Microelectronics Corporation. From 1991 to 1997, he was the Chief Financial Officer and Senior Vice President of Taiwan Semiconductor Manufacturing Company Limited. From 1983 to 1991, Mr. Tseng held management positions as Finance Manager at Philips Taiwan Limited and Corporate Treasurer for all the Philips companies in Taiwan. In addition, he was the Fab Accounting Manager for Philips Semiconductor operation in the USA and Philips Semiconductor packaging operation in Taiwan. Mr. Tseng received his Master of Business Administration from University of Missouri-Columbia, Missouri in the USA and his Bachelor of Science in Accounting from National Cheng-Kong University in Taiwan. In addition, Mr. Tseng is a Certified Public Accountant, Certified Management Accountant and Certified Internal Auditor in the USA.
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Barry Quan, Chief Administrative Officer
Mr. Quan joined our company as the Chief Administrative Officer in 2010. He was the President and Legal Representative of Applied Materials China from 2007 to 2010, where he was responsible for the overall operations of Applied China, including the completion of the Xian Technology Center, as well as driving growth strategies to meet overall objectives in China for all business units. Mr. Quan first joined Applied Materials in 1994, where he went on to serve in various legal and management roles. He had responsibilities for managing Applied’s global general legal services as Corporate Vice President of Legal Affairs. In 1999, Mr. Quan was also named as Applied’s first Ombudsman, where he created and implemented an ethics and compliance program worldwide. Between 2005 and 2007, Mr. Quan joined the Huahong Group in Shanghai, China as a Vice President and Chief Administrative Officer. In this role, he managed the legal, human resources, facilities, export licensing and other support functions. Mr. Quan received a bachelor of science degree in economics and finance from the University of California, Berkeley and a J.D. from St. John’s University.
Anne Chen, Company Secretary and Chief Compliance Officer
Ms. Chen joined our company in 2001 and is our Hong Kong Representative, Company Secretary and Chief Compliance Officer. Ms. Chen is admitted as a solicitor in Hong Kong, England and Wales and Australia and was admitted as an advocate and solicitor in Singapore. She had served as a deputy adjudicator of the Small Claims Tribunal in Hong Kong in 1999 and has served as the President of the Hong Kong Federation of Women Lawyers from 2000 to 2002 and since 2008. Prior to joining us in 2001, she had been a practicing solicitor in Hong Kong since 1987.
Samuel Tsou, Vice President of Corporate Human Resources
Mr. Tsou first joined SMIC in 2005 and is currently the Vice President of Corporate Human Resources. Prior to joining SMIC, he held management positions with Lam Research USA, Taiwan Semiconductor Manufacturing Company Limited, Lam Research Asia, Winbond Electronics and Philips Semiconductor Holland and United Microelectronics Corporation. Mr. Tsou received his B.S. in Physics from National Taiwan University and his Master (major in Counseling and Administration) from Harvest Seminary USA.
Zhou Mei Sheng, Vice President of Technology and Operations Office
Dr. Zhou joined SMIC in 2010 as Vice President of Technology & Operations Office. Dr. Zhou received BSc & MS degree from Fudan University China in 1982 & 1985 respectively, and Ph.D. degree in Chemistry from Princeton University in 1990. In the earlier part of her professional career, she has lectured and researched in distinguished universities like Fudan University China, Rochester University USA and National University of Singapore. Since 1994, she has been working in semiconductor industries. In her 7 years with Chartered Semiconductor Manufacturing. Dr. Zhou worked in various modules like Etch, Clean Tech, PVD, CMP and BEOL and rose from a Senior Engineer, Manager, Deputy Director to the position of fellow, TD-BEOL AMD. In 2001, she moved to TSMC, Taiwan, leading a department in AMTD for Advanced Equipment, Exploratory Module Technology as well as the development of integrated advanced process control for < 90 nm technology. In the period of 2003–2005, Dr. Zhou served as Deputy Director in UMC, contributed to the start-up of its 12’ Fab operation as well as initiating the manufacturing technology development team for the advanced 12’ Wafer fab. She returned back to Chartered as AMTD Senior Director in 2005 and is responsible for the module technology development in supporting Chartered’s business development & growth. Dr. Zhou has been awarded with more than 125 US. patents and published over 40 papers as co-inventor/author.
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John Peng, Associate Vice President and General Manager of China BU
Mr. Peng first joined SMIC in 2001 and is currently General manager of China Business Unit. Prior to joining SMIC, he was the Sr. Operation Director of Wuxi CSMC-Hi Semiconductor Company Limited and was responsible for Fab, PC&MC, Facility and IT. He was also the deputy general manager and the Fab director of Huajing MOS BU, responsible for China national 908 project AT&T (Lucent) technology transfer and built China’s most advanced 6’ fab in 1996. He received his Bachelor’s degree in Physics from Sichuan University and his Master’s degree in 1988 in Microelectronics from XiDian University.
Except as described below in “Item 10 - Additional Information - Material Contracts - Share Purchase Agreement with Datang”, no shareholder has a contractual right to designate a person to be elected to our board of directors.
There are no family relationships among any of our directors and executive officers.
Director and Executive Compensation
The aggregate cash compensation that we paid to all of our executive officers as of December 31, 2009 for services rendered to us and our subsidiaries during 2009 was approximately US$1,223,022. Of this amount, we paid (i) Dr. David Wang, our president and chief executive officer approximately US$43,032 in salary, housing allowances, other allowances and benefits in kind in 2009. In 2009, no cash compensation was provided to directors that are not employees. In December 2009, our board of directors approved certain remuneration packages (including cash fees) to our directors (subject to their acceptance).
We do not provide pension, retirement or similar benefits to our executive officers and directors except statutorily required benefits.
In 2009, we have granted options to purchase an aggregate of 7, 900,000 ordinary shares under our 2004 Stock Option Plan to certain of our executive officers. Our 2004 Stock Option Plan is described below. The exercise price of the options granted to our executive officers in 2009 to purchase ordinary shares under the 2004 Stock Option Plan is US$0.0348 per share. The expiration dates of the options are February 17, 2019.
Dr. David N. K. Wang, our President, Chief Executive Officer and Executive Director of the Company, has entered into an employment agreement and a service contract with the Company. Pursuant to the agreements, Dr. Wang will be entitled to an annual base compensation of US$300,000 and will be granted equity awards amounting to 0.4% of the total outstanding ordinary shares of the Company on the date of grant (70% of which will be granted as share options and 30% will be granted as restricted share units). He will also be entitled to a performance bonus of US$225,000 (payable if and when the Company achieves profitability over one fiscal year, as indicated by the Board’s approved annual audited financial statements for that fiscal year).
On February 17, 2009, each of Jiang Shang Zhou, Tsuyoshi Kawanishi, Lip-Bu Tan, Richard Ru Gin Chang, (our former President, Chief Executive Officer and Executive Director who resigned on November 9, 2009)Yang Yuan Wang, (our former Independent Non-executive Director who resigned on June 23, 2009) and Edward S Yang, (our former Independent Non-executive Director who resigned on November 9, 2009) was granted an option to purchase 1,000,000 ordinary shares of our company (“Ordinary Shares”) at a price per Ordinary Share of US$0.0348. 50% percent of these options vested on February 17, 2010 and the remaining 50% will be vested on February 17, 2011. These options will expire on the earlier of February 17, 2019 or 120 days after termination of the director’s service to the Board, except for the options granted to (i) Yang Yuan Wang (who resigned as an Independent Non-executive Director on June 23, 2009 but continued to act as our Honorary Chairman and Chief Scientific Advisor) which will expire after termination of his services to our company in his capacity as our Honorary Chairman and/or Chief Scientific Advisor; and (ii) Richard Ru Gin Chang (who resigned as President, Chief Executive Officer and Executive Director on November 9, 2009 but continued to act as our company’s Advisor) which will expire after termination of his services to the company in his capacity as our Advisor. As of December 31, 2009, these options have not been exercised.
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On April 25, 2004, the compensation committee approved a profit-sharing plan for the benefit of our employees, including our executive officers. Under our profit-sharing plan, a participant who is an employee of the company at the end of a fiscal quarter will be eligible to receive a percentage of our profits for that quarter. No compensation was received by our executive officers in 2007, 2008 and 2009 as a result of their participation in this plan.
Board Practices
Board of Directors
As of December 31, 2009, our board of directors consisted of seven directors and one alternate director. Directors may be elected to hold office until the expiration of their respective terms upon a resolution passed at a duly convened shareholders meeting by holders of a majority of our outstanding shares being entitled to vote in person or by proxy at such meeting. Our board is divided into three classes with no more than one class eligible for re-election at any annual shareholders meeting.
The Class I directors were elected for a term of three years beginning from June 2, 2008, which is the date of the 2008 annual general meeting of our shareholders. The Class II directors were elected for a term of three years beginning from June 23, 2009, the date of the 2009 annual general meeting of our shareholders. The Class III directors were elected for a term of three years beginning from June 3, 2010, which is the date of the 2010 annual general meeting of our shareholders.
The following table sets forth the names and classes of our current directors:
Class I | | Class II | | Class III |
Gao Yonggang | | Chen Shanzhi | | Tsuyoshi Kawanishi |
David N.K. Wang | | Jiang Shang Zhou | | Zhou Jie |
| | Lip-Bu Tan | | |
| | | | Wang Zheng Gang |
| | | | (alternate director to Zhou Jie) |
Please see Item 7 “Related Party Transactions - - Indemnification Agreements and Service Contracts” for a description of the service contracts we have entered into with our directors.
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Committees of Our Board of Directors
Our board of directors has an audit committee and a compensation committee. The composition and responsibilities of these committees are described below.
Audit Committee. As of December 31, 2009, the members of the Audit Committee were Lip-Bu Tan (chairman of Audit Committee), Jiang Shang Zhou and Gao Yonggang. None of these members of the Audit Committee has been an executive officer or employee of the company or any of its subsidiaries. In addition to acting as Audit Committee member of the company, Lip-Bu Tan, one of the members of the Audit Committee, currently also serves on the audit committee of two other publicly traded companies, namely SINA Corporation and Flextronics International Ltd.. In general and in accordance with section 303A.07(a) of the Listed Company Manual of the New York Stock Exchange, the Board considered and determined that such simultaneous service would not impair the ability of Mr. Tan to effectively serve on our Audit Committee.
The responsibilities of the audit committee include, among other things:
- making recommendations to the board of directors concerning the appointment, reappointment, retention, evaluation, oversight and termination of compensating and overseeing the work of our independent auditor, including reviewing the experience, qualifications and performance of the senior members of the independent auditor team, and pre-approving all non-audit services to be provided by our independent auditor;
- approving the remuneration and terms of engagement of our independent auditor;
- reviewing reports from our independent auditor regarding its internal quality-control procedures and any material issues raised in the most recent review or investigation of such procedures and regarding all relationships between us and the independent auditor;
- pre-approving the hiring of any employee or former employee of our independent auditor who was a member of the audit team during the preceding two years;
- reviewing our annual and interim financial statements, earnings releases, critical accounting policies and practices used to prepare financial statements, alternative treatments of financial information, the effectiveness of our disclosure controls and procedures and important trends and developments in financial reporting practices and requirements;
- reviewing the planning and staffing of internal audits, the organization, responsibilities, plans, results, budget and staffing of our internal audit department and the quality and effectiveness of our internal controls;
- reviewing our risk assessment and management policies;
- reviewing any legal matters that may have a material impact and the adequacy and effectiveness of our legal and regulatory compliance procedures;
- establishing procedures for the treatment of complaints received by us regarding accounting, internal accounting controls, auditing matters, potential violations of law and questionable accounting or auditing matters; and
- obtaining and reviewing reports from management, our internal auditor and our independent auditor regarding compliance with applicable legal and regulatory requirements.
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During 2009, the audit committee reviewed:
- the financial reports for the year ended December 31, 2008 and the six month period ended June 30, 2009;
- the quarterly earnings releases and any updates thereto;
- the report and management letter submitted by our outside auditors summarizing the findings of and recommendations from their audit of our financial reports;
- our budget for 2009;
- the findings and recommendations of our outside consultants regarding our compliance with the requirements of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act;
- the effectiveness of our internal control structure in operations and financial reporting integrity and compliance with applicable laws and regulations in collaboration with the Internal Audit Department and reported to our board of directors;
- the findings of our risk management committee which assesses risks relating to the company and those of the compliance office, which monitors our compliance with the corporate governance code and insider trading policy;
- the audit fees for our outside auditors; and
- our outside auditors’ engagement letters
The audit committee reports its work, findings, and recommendations to the board of directors during each quarterly board meeting.
The audit committee meets in person at least on a quarterly basis and on such other occasions as may be required to discuss and vote upon significant issues affecting the audit policy of the company. The regular meeting schedule for a year is planned in the preceding year. The Company’s Secretary assists the chairman of the audit committee in preparing the agenda for meetings and assists the audit committee in complying with relevant rules and regulations. The relevant papers for the audit committee meetings are dispatched to audit committee members in accordance with applicable rules and regulations governing the company. Members of the audit committee may include matters for discussion in the agenda if the need arises. Upon the conclusion of the audit committee meeting, minutes are circulated to the members of the audit committee for their comment and review prior to their approval of the minutes at the following or the subsequent audit committee meeting.
At each quarterly audit committee meeting, the audit committee reviews with the chief financial officer and our outside auditors, the financial statements for the financial period and the financial and accounting principles, policies and controls of the company and its subsidiaries. In particular, the Committee discusses (i) the changes in accounting policies and practices, if any; (ii) the going concern assumptions, (iii) compliance with accounting standards and applicable rules and other legal requirements in relation to financial reporting and (iv) our internal controls relating to financial reporting. Upon the recommendation of the audit committee, the Board will approve the financial statements.
Compensation Committee. As of December 31, 2009, the members of our compensation committee were Mr. Lip-Bu Tan (chairman of Compensation Committee), Mr. Tsuyoshi Kawanishi and Mr. Zhou Jie (with Mr. Wang Zheng Gang as his alternate). None of these members of the compensation committee has been an executive officer or employee of the company or any of its subsidiaries.
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The responsibilities of the compensation committee include, among other things:
- approving and overseeing the total compensation package for our executive officers and any other officer, evaluating the performance of and determining and approving the compensation to be paid to our chief executive officer and reviewing the results of our chief executive officer’s evaluation of the performance of our other executive officers;
- reviewing and making recommendations to our board of directors with respect to director compensation, including equity-based compensation;
- administering and periodically reviewing and making recommendations to the board of directors regarding the long-term incentive compensation or equity plans made available to the directors, employees and consultants;
- reviewing and making recommendations to the board of directors regarding executive compensation philosophy, strategy and principles and reviewing new and existing employment, consulting, retirement and severance agreements proposed for the company’s executive officers; and
- ensuring appropriate oversight of our human resources policies and reviewing strategies established to fulfill our ethical, legal and human resources responsibilities.
In addition to reviewing the remuneration of the non-executive directors and the members of our management, the compensation committee reviewed and approved the granting of stock options and restricted share units pursuant to the terms of the Option Plans in 2009. The compensation committee also reviewed and approved on at least a quarterly basis any exception to the compensation guidelines and leave of absence policy of the Company.
The compensation committee reports its work, findings and recommendations to the board of directors during each quarterly board meeting.
The compensation committee meets in person at least on a quarterly basis and on such other occasions as may be required to discuss and vote upon significant issues affecting our compensation policy. The regular meeting schedule for a year is planned in the preceding year. The Company’s Secretary assists the chairman of the compensation committee in preparing the agenda for meetings and assists the compensation committee in complying with relevant rules and regulations. The relevant papers for the compensation committee meeting are distributed to compensation committee members in accordance with relevant rules and regulations applicable to us. Members of the compensation committee may include matters for discussion in the agenda if the need arises. Upon the conclusion of the compensation committee meeting, minutes are circulated to the members of the compensation committee for their comment and review prior to their approval of the minutes at the following or a subsequent compensation committee meeting.
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Employees
The following table sets forth, as of the dates indicated, the number of our employees serving in the capacities indicated:
| | As of December 31, |
Function | | 2007 | | 2008 | | 2009 |
Managers | | 916 | | 1,015 | | 1,064 |
Professionals(1) | | 4,096 | | 4,465 | | 4,510 |
Technicians | | 4,806 | | 4,837 | | 4,484 |
Clerical staff | | 287 | | 281 | | 249 |
Total(2) | | 10,105 | | 10,598 | | 10,307 |
____________________ |
(1) | | Professionals include engineers, lawyers, accountants and other personnel with specialized qualifications, excluding managers. |
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(2) | | Includes 276, 50 and 372 temporary and part-time employees in 2007, 2008 and 2009, respectively. |
The following table sets forth, as of the dates indicated, a breakdown of the number of our employees by geographic location:
| | As of December 31, |
Location of Facility | | 2007 | | 2008 | | 2009 |
Shanghai | | 6,292 | | 6,632 | | 6,460 |
Beijing | | 1,877 | | 1,674 | | 1,552 |
Tianjin | | 874 | | 958 | | 997 |
Chengdu | | 1,023 | | 1,259 | | 1,104 |
Shenzhen | | — | | 33 | | 154 |
United States | | 18 | | 16 | | 17 |
Europe | | 8 | | 11 | | 9 |
Japan | | 9 | | 8 | | 8 |
Hong Kong | | 4 | | 7 | | 6 |
Total | | 10,105 | | 10,598 | | 10,307 |
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Our employees are not covered by any collective bargaining agreements.
Share Ownership
The table below sets forth the ordinary shares beneficially owned by each of our directors and options to purchase ordinary shares as of May 31, 2010:
| | Current | | Options to Purchase Ordinary Shares | | Awards of Restricted |
Name of Director | | Shareholding | | Number of Options | | Exercise Price | | Share Units |
Jiang Shang Zhou | | — | | 16,674,388 | (1)(2) | | US$0.0348 - US$0.0995 | | 6,717,594 | (3) |
David N.K. Wang | | — | | 62,697,553 | (2) | | US$ 0.0995 | | 26,870,379 | (4) |
Tsuyoshi Kawanishi | | — | | 6,134,877 | (1)(5)(6) | | US$0.0348 —US$0.1007 | | — | |
Lip-Bu Tan | | — | | 4,634,877 | (1)(6) | | US$0.0348 —US$0.1007 | | — | |
Chen Shanzhi | | — | | 3,145,319 | (7) | | US$0.0827 | | — | |
Gao Yonggang | | — | | 3,145,319 | (7) | | US$0.0827 | | — | |
Zhou Jie | | — | | — | | | — | | — | |
Wang Zheng Gang | | — | | — | | | — | | — | |
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____________________
Notes:
1. | | On February 17, 2009, each of Mr. Jiang , Mr. Kawanishi and Mr. Tan and was granted an option to purchase 1,000,000 ordinary shares at a price per ordinary share of US$0.0348. These options will expire on the earlier of February 17, 2019 or 120 days after termination of the director’s service to the Board. As at May 31, 2010, none of these options have been exercised. |
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2. | | On February 23, 2010, Mr. Jiang and Dr. Wang were granted an option to purchase 15,674,388 and 62,697,553 ordinary shares, respectively, at a price per ordinary share of US$0.0995. These options will expire on the earlier of February 22, 2020 or 120 days after termination of the director’s service to the Board. As at May 31, 2010, none of these options have been exercised. |
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3. | | On February 23, 2010, Mr. Jiang was granted an award of 6,717,594 Restricted Share Units (each representing the right to receive one ordinary share) pursuant to our 2004 Equity Incentive Plan. These Restricted Share Units shall vest over 4 years as follows: 25% of the Restricted Share Units shall vest on each anniversary of 23 February 2010. |
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4. | | On February 23, 2010, Dr. Wang was granted an award of 26,870,379 Restricted Share Units (each representing the right to receive one Ordinary Share) pursuant to our 2004 Equity Incentive Plan. These Restricted Share Units shall vest over 4 years as follows: 25% of the Restricted Share Units shall vest on each anniversary of 23 February 2010, provided that Dr. Wang has remained an employee of the Company through the applicable vesting dates. |
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5. | | On July 11, 2002, the compensation committee issued Mr. Kawanishi an option to purchase 500,000 ordinary shares pursuant to the terms of the 2001 Stock Option Plan. This option will expire on July 11, 2012. On January 15, 2004, the board issued him an option to purchase 1,000,000 ordinary shares pursuant to the terms of the 2001 Stock Option Plan. This option will expire on January 15, 2014. The exercise prices of the options are US$0.05 and US$0.10, respectively. |
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6. | | On February 23, 2010, each of Mr. Kawanishi and Mr. Tan was granted an option to purchase 3,134,877 ordinary shares at a price per ordinary share of US$0.0995. These options will expire on the earlier of February 22, 2020 or 120 days after termination of the director’s service to the Board. As at May 31, 2010, none of these options have been exercised. |
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7. | | Each of Mr. Chen and Mr. Gao was granted an option to purchase 3,145,319 ordinary shares at a price per ordinary share of US$0.0827. These options will expire on the earlier of May 23, 2020 or 120 days after termination of the director’s service to the Board. As at May 31, 2010, none of these options have been exercised. |
The share holdings set forth above excludes shares beneficially owned by entities affiliated with our directors. Each of our directors disclaims beneficial ownership of the shares beneficially owned by such affiliated entity, except to the extent of such director’s pecuniary interest therein as disclosed above.
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The exercise price for our options is denominated in Hong Kong dollars. This annual report translates the Hong Kong dollar exercise prices for our options into U.S. dollars based on exchange rates that were in effect as of the applicable option grants dates
The compensation committee has issued each of our executive officers options to purchase ordinary shares pursuant to our 2001 Regulation S Stock Option Plan, 2001 Regulation S Preference Shares Stock Plan and the 2004 Stock Option Plan, as applicable, and restricted share units that represent rights to receive ordinary shares pursuant to our 2004 Equity Incentive Plan. The exercise price of the options range from US$0.01 to US$0.35. The options expire between September 23, 2011 and May 23, 2020. The restricted share units expire between July 26, 2014 and May 23, 2020. The majority of the options and restricted share units are subject to a four-year vesting period. Each executive officer owns less than 1% of the total outstanding shares of the company.
2001 Stock Plan and 2001 Regulation S Stock Plan
On March 28, 2001, our board of directors and shareholders adopted our 2001 Stock Plan and our 2001 Regulation S Stock Plan. Under these plans, our directors, employees and consultants are eligible to acquire ordinary shares pursuant to options. At the time of adoption, 250,000,000 post-split ordinary shares were reserved for issuance under the 2001 Stock Plan and 470,000,000 post-split ordinary shares were reserved for issuance under the 2001 Regulation S Stock Plan. On August 27, 2003, our shareholders approved an increase in the number of authorized shares reserved under the plans of 3,438,900 post-split ordinary shares, increasing the total number of authorized shares reserved under the plans to 723,438,900 post-split ordinary shares. On August 27, 2003, September 22, 2003 and December 4, 2003, our shareholders approved additional increases in the number of shares reserved under our 2001 Regulation S Stock Plan of up to 325,000,000, 21,499,990 and 235,089,480 post-split ordinary shares, respectively, which amounts were to be adjusted from time to time to equal 10% of the post-split ordinary shares issuable upon the conversion of all Series C convertible preference shares and Series D convertible preference shares then outstanding. As of December 31, 2009, there were 998,675,840 post-split ordinary shares authorized for issuance under the plans, 285,423,228 post-split ordinary shares subject to outstanding options under the plans and 398,867,596 post-split ordinary shares outstanding from the exercise of options granted under the plans. These plans terminate on December 4, 2013 but may be terminated earlier by our board of directors.
Stock options granted under the 2001 Stock Plan may be incentive stock options, or ISOs, which are intended to qualify for favorable U.S. federal income tax treatment under the provisions of Section 422 of the U.S. Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended, or U.S. Internal Revenue Code, or non-qualified stock options, or NSOs, which do not so qualify. Stock options granted under the 2001 Regulation S Stock Plan are NSOs. The aggregate fair market value of the ordinary shares represented by any given optionee’s ISOs that become exercisable in any calendar year may not exceed US$100,000. Stock options in excess of this limit are treated as NSOs.
The board of directors, the compensation committee, and the non-executive option grant committee administer the 2001 Stock Plan and 2001 Regulation S Stock Plan. The compensation committee selected the eligible persons above a certain compensation grade to whom options were granted and determined the grant date, amounts, exercise prices, vesting periods and other relevant terms of the stock options, including whether the options will be ISOs or NSOs. The non-executive option grant committee selected the eligible persons below a certain compensation grade to whom options were granted and determined the grant date, amounts, exercise prices, vesting periods and other relevant terms of stock options within parameters established by the compensation committee and subject to compensation committee ratification. The exercise price of ISOs granted under the 2001 Stock Plan and NSOs granted to residents of California under the 2001 Stock Plan may not be less than 100% and 85%, respectively, of the fair market value of our ordinary shares on the grant date. The exercise price of NSOs not granted to residents of California under either our 2001 Stock Plan or our 2001 Regulation S Stock Plan can be determined by the board of directors, the compensation committee or the non-executive option grant committee in their discretion.
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Stock options granted under the 2001 Stock Plan and 2001 Regulation S Stock Plan may be exercised at any time after they vest, and, in certain instances, prior to vesting. Shares purchased when an option is exercised prior to vesting are subject to our right of repurchase to the extent unvested in the event of the termination of service of the optionee. In the event of the termination of service of an optionee, the unvested portion of a stock option is forfeited and the vested portion terminates six months after a termination of service due to the death or permanent disability of the optionee or 30 days after termination of service for any other reason or such longer periods as may be provided for in option agreements with our optionees. Stock options are generally not transferable during the life of the optionee.
In the event of a change of control (as defined in the plans) or a merger of our company, each outstanding stock option may be assumed or an equivalent stock option or right may be substituted by the successor corporation. In the event that no such substitution or assumption occurs, the outstanding stock options will automatically vest and become exercisable for a period of 15 days, after which the stock options will terminate.
We have not issued stock options under the 2001 Stock Plan or the 2001 Regulation S Stock Plan since the completion of the global offering.
2001 Preference Shares Stock Plan and 2001 Regulation S Preference Shares Stock Plan
On April 12, 2001, our board of directors and shareholders adopted our 2001 Preference Shares Stock Plan and our 2001 Regulation S Preference Shares Stock Plan. Under these plans, our directors, employees and consultants were eligible to acquire Series A convertible preference shares prior to the completion of the global offering and ordinary shares upon or following the completion of the global offering, pursuant to options. At the time of adoption, 16,000,000 Series A preference shares and ten times that number of ordinary shares (on a post-split basis) were reserved for issuance under the 2001 Preference Shares Stock Plan, and 20,000,360 Series A convertible preference shares and ten times that number of ordinary shares (on a post-split basis) were reserved for issuance under the 2001 Regulation S Preference Shares Stock Plan. On August 19, 2002, our shareholders approved an increase in the number of shares issuable under the plans of 18,000,180 Series A convertible preference shares, increasing the total number of authorized shares reserved under the plans to 54,000,540 Series A convertible preference shares. On August 27, 2003, our shareholders approved a net decrease in the number of shares issuable under the plans of 343,890 Series A convertible preference shares, decreasing the total number of authorized shares reserved under the plans to 53,656,650 Series A convertible preference shares. Upon the conversion of our preference shares into ordinary shares in connection with the global offering, options granted under the 2001 Preference Shares Stock Plan and the 2001 Regulation S Preference Shares Stock Plan converted into options to purchase ordinary shares. As of December 31, 2009, there were 47,079,450 ordinary shares subject to outstanding options under the plans, and there were 400,747,130 ordinary shares outstanding from the exercise of options granted under the plans. Our board of directors has elected not to grant any further options under these plans.
Stock options granted under the 2001 Preference Shares Stock Plan may be ISOs or NSOs. Stock options granted under the 2001 Regulation S Preference Shares Stock Plan are NSOs. The aggregate fair market value of the shares represented by any given optionee’s ISOs that become exercisable in any calendar year may not exceed US$100,000. Stock options in excess of this limit are treated as NSOs.
The board of directors, the compensation committee and the non-executive option grant committee administer the 2001 Preference Shares Stock Plan and 2001 Regulation S Preference Shares Stock Plan. The compensation committee selected the eligible persons above a certain compensation grade to whom options were granted and determined the grant date, amounts, exercise prices, vesting periods and other relevant terms of the stock options, including whether the options will be ISOs or NSOs. The non-executive option grant committee selected the eligible persons below a certain compensation grade to whom options were granted and determined the grant date, amounts, exercise prices, vesting periods and other relevant terms of stock options within parameters established by the compensation committee and subject to compensation committee ratification. The exercise price of ISOs granted under the 2001 Preference Shares Stock Plan and NSOs granted to residents of California under the 2001 Preference Shares Stock Plan may not be less than 100% and 85%, respectively, of the fair market value of our Series A convertible preference shares on the grant date. The exercise price of NSOs not granted to California residents under either our 2001 Preference Shares Stock Plan or our 2001 Regulation S Preference Shares Stock Plan can be determined by the board of directors, the compensation committee or the non-executive option grant committee in their discretion.
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Stock options granted under the 2001 Preference Shares Stock Plan and 2001 Regulation S Preference Shares Stock Plan may be exercised at any time after they vest, and, in certain instances, prior to vesting. Shares purchased when an option is exercised prior to vesting are subject to our right of repurchase to the extent unvested in the event of the termination of service of the optionee. In the event of the termination of service of an optionee, the unvested portion of a stock option is forfeited and the vested portion terminates six months after a termination of service due to the death or permanent disability of the optionee or 30 days after termination of service for any other reason or such longer periods as may be provided for in option agreements with our optionees. Stock options are generally not transferable during the life of the optionee.
In the event of a change of control (as defined in the plans) or a merger of our company, each outstanding stock option may be assumed or an equivalent stock option or right may be substituted by the successor corporation. In the event that no such substitution or assumption occurs, the outstanding stock options will automatically vest and become exercisable for a period of 15 days, after which the stock options will terminate.
We have not issued stock options under the 2001 Preference Shares Stock Plan or the 2001 Regulation S Preference Shares Stock Plan since the completion of the global offering.
2004 Global Equity Incentive Compensation Program
The Company’s shareholders adopted the Stock Option Plan, the EIP and the Employee Stock Purchase Plan (the “ESPP”, together with the Stock Option Plan and the EIP, the “Option Plans”) to attract and retain its employees.
Stock Option Plan
The following is a summary of the principal terms of the Stock Option Plan conditionally adopted by the Company by way of shareholders’ resolution dated February 16, 2004 and Directors’ resolutions passed on January 16, 2004. Adoption of the Stock Option Plan took effect on March 18, 2004 being the first date of dealings in the ordinary shares.
Summary of the terms of the Stock Option Plan
(a) Purpose of the Stock Option Plan
The purposes of the Stock Option Plan are to attract, retain and motivate employees and Directors of, and other service providers to the Company, to provide a means, on and after the Global Offering, of compensating them through the grant of stock options for their contribution to the Company’s growth and profits, and to allow such employees, Directors and service providers to participate in such growth and profitability.
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(b) Who may join
The Compensation Committee may, at its discretion, invite any employee, officer or other service provider of (including, but not limited to, any professional or other adviser of, or consultant or contractor to) the Company whether located in China, the United States or elsewhere to take up options to subscribe for ordinary shares at a price calculated in accordance with sub-paragraph (e) below. The Compensation Committee may also grant stock options to a Director who is not an employee of the Company (“Non Employee Director”).
(c) Stock Options
Stock options granted under the Stock Option Plan (“Stock Options”) shall entitle a participant (“Participant”) of the Stock Option Plan to purchase a specified number of ordinary shares or ADSs (the “Plan Shares”) during a specified period at a price calculated in accordance with sub-paragraph (e) below. Three types of Stock Options may be granted under the Plan, an Incentive Stock Option, a Non-Qualified Stock Option or a Director Option. An Incentive Stock Option is a stock option that falls within the meaning of Section 422 of the U.S. Internal Revenue Code of 1986 and may only be granted to employees of the Company and its subsidiaries from time to time. A Non-Qualified Stock Option is a stock option that is not an Incentive Stock Option. A Director Option is a Non-Qualified Stock Option granted to a Non-Employee Director.
The Company shall issue an Award Document to each Participant of the Stock Option Plan who is granted a Stock Option. The Award Document shall set out the terms and provisions of the grant of a Stock Option to a Participant including applicable vesting dates or the attainment of specified performance goals (as determined by the Compensation Committee or the Administrator (as defined below), as the case may be) by the Participant. The Company may allow a Participant to exercise his or her Stock Options prior to vesting, provided the Participant agrees to enter into a repurchase agreement in respect of the Stock Option with the Company. The Compensation Committee may also (i) accelerate the vesting of a Stock Option, (ii) set the date on which any Stock Option may first become exercisable, or (iii) extend the period during which a Stock Option remains exercisable, except that no Stock Options may be exercised after the tenth anniversary of the date of grant.
The Stock Option Plan does not provide for any payment upon application or acceptance of an option.
(d) Administration of the Stock Option Plan
The Compensation Committee shall be responsible for the administration of the Stock Option Plan. Its responsibilities include granting Stock Options to eligible individuals, determining the number of Plan Shares subject to each Stock Option, and determining the terms and conditions of each Stock Option. The Compensation Committee is not obliged to grant Stock Options to Participants in uniform terms.
Accordingly, the terms and conditions which may be imposed may vary between Participants. Any determination by the Compensation Committee in relation to the carrying out and administering of the Stock Option Plan shall be final and binding. No member of the Compensation Committee shall be liable for any action or determination made in good faith, and the members of the Compensation Committee shall be entitled to indemnification and reimbursement in the manner provided in the Articles.
The Compensation Committee may delegate some or all of its authority under the Stock Option Plan to an individual or individuals (each an “Administrator”) who may either be one or more of the members of the Committee or one or more of the officers of the Company. An individual’s status as an Administrator shall not affect his or her eligibility to participate in the Stock Option Plan. The Compensation Committee shall not delegate its authority to grant Stock Options to executive officers of the Company.
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(e) Exercise Price
The exercise price per Plan Share purchasable under a Stock Option shall be fixed by the Committee at the time of grant or by a method specified by the Compensation Committee at the time of grant, but in no event shall be less than the Fair Market Value of a Plan Share on the date such Stock Option is granted.
The Fair Market Value of a Share will be the higher of (i) the closing price of the ordinary shares on the HKSE’s daily quotation sheet on the applicable date of grant (which must be a business day), and (ii) the average closing price of the ordinary shares on the HKSE (as stated in the relevant daily quotation sheets of the HKSE) for the five business days immediately preceding the date of grant.
The Fair Market Value of the ADSs shall be the highest of (i) the closing price of the ADSs on the NYSE on the applicable date of grant, and (ii) the average closing price of the ADSs on the NYSE for the five business days immediately preceding the date of grant.
(f) Limit of the Stock Option Plan
At the annual general meeting of the shareholders held on June 23, 2009, the shareholders of the Company approved an increase to the number of ordinary shares reserved for issuance under the Stock Option Plan and the ESPP (the “Global Limit”) from 1,317,000,000 ordinary shares of the Company to 2,434,667,733 ordinary shares of the Company.
The number of ordinary shares which may be issued pursuant to any outstanding Stock Options granted and yet to be exercised under the Stock Option Plan and all outstanding purchase rights granted under the Employee Stock Purchase Plan or other employee stock purchase plan of the Company must not exceed in aggregate 30 percent of the issued and outstanding ordinary shares in issuance from time to time.
(g) Individual Limit
The total number of ordinary shares underlying Stock Options or other options granted by the Company to, and the total number of ordinary shares that may be purchased under one or more purchase rights granted under the Employee Stock Purchase Plan or any other employee stock purchase plan granted by the Company by, a Participant (including both exercised and outstanding Stock Options) in any twelve-month period may not exceed at any time one percent (1%) (or 0.1 percent in the case of an independent Non-executive Director) of the then issued and outstanding ordinary shares unless otherwise allowed under the Listing Rules.
(h) Exercise of Option
A Stock Option shall vest, and be exercised, in accordance with the terms of the Stock Option Plan, the relevant Award Document and any rules and procedures established by the Compensation Committee for this purpose. However, the term of each Stock Option shall not exceed ten years from the date of grant.
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(i) Director Options
Each non-employee Director may be granted Stock Options to purchase ordinary shares (or an equivalent of ADSs) on the terms set out in the relevant Award Document.
The Directors shall exercise all authority and responsibility with respect to Stock Options granted to Directors subject to the requirements of the Listing Rules.
All non-employee Directors’ Stock Options shall only vest provided that the Director has remained in service as a Director through such vesting date. The unvested portion of a Stock Option granted to a Director shall be forfeited in full if the Director’s service with the Board ends for any reason prior to the applicable vesting date.
Following termination of a non-employee Director’s service on the Board, such non-employee Director (or his or her estate, personal representative or beneficiary, as the case may be) shall be entitled to exercise those of his or her Stock Options which have vested as of the date of such termination within 120 days following such termination.
(j) Termination or Lapse of Option
A Stock Option shall terminate or lapse automatically on:
(i) the expiry of ten years from the date of grant;
(ii) the termination of a Participant’s employment or service with the Company for a reason set out in sub-paragraph (l) below;
(iii) save as to any contrary directions of the Compensation Committee, in the event of a complete liquidation or dissolution of the Company, all Stock Options outstanding at the time of the liquidation or dissolution shall terminate without further action by any person;
(iv) the sale or other divestiture of a subsidiary, division or operating unit of the Company (where the Participant is employed by such subsidiary, division or operating unit); and
(v) termination of the service relationship with a service provider (where the Participant is a service provider of the Company).
(k) Rights are personal to Participant
A Stock Option is personal to the Participant and shall be exercisable by such Participant or his Permitted Transferee (as defined below) only. An option shall not be transferred other than by will, by the laws of descent and distribution or pursuant to a domestic relations order. The Compensation Committee may also, at its discretion and subject to such terms and conditions as it shall specify, permit the transfer of a Stock Option for no consideration to a Participant’s family members or to a trust or partnership established for the benefit of such family members (collectively “Permitted Transferees”). Any Stock Option transferred to a Permitted Transferee shall be further transferable only by will or the laws of descent and distribution or, for no consideration, to another Permitted Transferee of the Participant.
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(l) Termination of employment or service
If a Participant’s employment or service with the Company is terminated for the following reasons:
(i) the failure or refusal of the Participant to substantially perform the duties required of him or her as an employee or officer of, or service provider to, the Company;
(ii) any material violation by the Participant of any law or regulation applicable to any business of the Company, or the Participant’s conviction of, or a plea of nolo contendae to, a felony, or any perpetration by the Participant of a common law fraud against the Company; or
(iii) any other misconduct by the Participant that is materially injurious to the financial condition, business or reputation of the Company,
Then all Stock Options granted to the Participant, whether or not then vested, shall immediately lapse.
The Compensation Committee may permit any Incentive Stock Option to convert into a Non-Qualified Stock Option as of a Participant’s termination of employment for purposes of providing such Participant with the benefit of any extended exercise period applicable to Non-Qualified Stock Options when the contract of employment of the holder of Incentive Stock Option terminates.
(m) Change in control of the Company
The Compensation Committee may specify at or after the date of grant of a Stock Option the effect that a Change in Control (as defined in the Stock Option Plan) will have on such Stock Option. The Compensation Committee may also, in contemplation of a Change in Control, accelerate the vesting, exercisability or payment of Stock Options to a date prior to the Change in Control, if the Compensation Committee determines that such action is necessary or advisable to allow the participants to realise fully the value of their share options in connection with such Change in Control.
(n) Change in the capital structure of the Company
In the event of an alteration in the capital structure of the Company (which includes a capitalization issue, reduction of capital, consolidation, sub-division of Plan Shares, or rights issue to purchase Plan Shares at a price substantially below market value), the Compensation Committee may equitably adjust the number and kind of Plan Shares authorised for issuance in order to preserve, the benefits or potential benefits intended to be made available under the Stock Option Plan. In addition, upon the occurrence of any of the foregoing events, the number of outstanding Stock Options and the number and kind of shares subject to any outstanding Stock Option and the purchase price per share under any outstanding Stock Option shall be equitably adjusted so as to preserve the benefits or potential benefits intended to be made available to Participants.
(o) Period of the Stock Option Plan
The Stock Option Plan shall remain in force for a period of ten years commencing on the date of Shareholders’ approval of the Plan.
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(p) Amendments and Termination
The Stock Option Plan may be altered, amended in whole or in part, suspended and terminated by the Board at any time provided alterations or amendments of a material nature or any change to the terms of the Stock Options granted must be approved by the shareholders of the Company, unless such alteration or amendment takes effect automatically under the terms of the Stock Option Plan. For the avoidance of doubt, any alteration or amendment pursuant to the exercise of any authority granted under the Stock Option Plan shall be deemed to take effect automatically under the terms of the Share Option Plan. Any alteration or amendment must be in accordance with the requirements of the Listing Rules or permitted by the HKSE.
If the Stock Option Plan is terminated early by the Board, no further Stock Options may be offered but unless otherwise stated in the Plan, Stock Options granted before such termination shall continue to be valid and exercisable in accordance with the Stock Option Plan.
(q) Voting and dividend rights
No voting rights shall be exercisable and no dividends shall be payable in relation to Stock Options that have not been exercised.
(r) Cancellation of Stock Options
Stock Options granted but not exercised may not be cancelled unless an offer to cancel share options has been made pursuant to Rule 13 of the Hong Kong Code on Takeovers and Mergers and the Hong Kong Securities and Futures commission has consented to such cancellation.
(s) Ranking of Ordinary Shares
The ordinary shares to be allotted upon the exercise of a Stock Option will be subject to the Articles for the time being in force and will rank pari passu with the Plan Shares in issue on the date of such allotment.
Employee Stock Purchase Plan
The following is a summary of the principal terms of the ESPP conditionally adopted by the Company by way of shareholders’ resolutions dated February 16, 2004 and Directors’ resolutions passed on January 16, 2004.
Summary of the terms of the ESPP
(a) Purposes of the ESPP
The purposes of the ESPP are to attract, retain and motivate employees of the Company, to provide a means of compensating the employees for their contributions to the growth and profitability by permitting such employees to purchase the ADSs of the Company at a discount and receive favorable U.S. income tax treatment on a subsequent qualifying disposition of such ADSs.
(b) Who may join
Subject to any contrary directions given by the Compensation Committee, all full-time and regular parttime employees (the “Employees”) of the Company as at the first business day (the “Offering Date”) of a given period specified by the Committee (the “Offering Period”) shall be eligible to enroll in the ESPP. To be eligible to purchase ADSs, all Employees must maintain his or her employment status, without interruption, with the Company through the last day of each Offering Period (the “Purchase Date”)
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(c) Offering Period
The ESPP shall be implemented by a series of Offering Periods. An eligible Employee of the Company may elect to participate in the ESPP for any Offering Period by completing the requisite documents. The Compensation Committee shall determine the starting and ending dates of each Offering Period but no Offering Period shall be shorter than 6 months or longer than 27 months.
(d) Employees’ Contributions under the ESPP
All amounts that a Participant contributes (“Contributions”) shall be credited to his or her account under the ESPP. Participants must elect to have payroll deductions made on each payday during the Offering Period in a dollar amount specified in the documents submitted by him or by her. The Compensation Committee may permit Participants to make supplemental Contributions into his or her account, on such terms and subject to such limitations as the Compensation Committee may decide. Participants may, on one occasion only during an Offering Period, decrease the rate of his or her Contributions to his or her account for the Offering Period, including a decrease to zero. The Participant may restore his or her Contributions to the original level, prior to the earlier of,
(i) six months after the effective date of any such decrease; and
(ii) the end of the relevant Offering Period.
(e) Grant of Purchase Right
Each eligible Employee who elects to participate in the ESPP in any given Offering Period shall be granted on the Purchase Date, a right to purchase the Plan Shares (the “Purchase Right”). The Purchase Right of a Participant shall be calculated in accordance with the following formula:
(i) dividing (A) the product of US$25,000 and the number of calendar years during all or part of which the Purchase Right shall be outstanding by (B) the closing price of the Plan Shares on the applicable exchange on which Plan Shares are trading (the “Fair Market Value”) on the applicable exchange of the Plan Shares on the Offering Date; and
(ii) subtracting from the quotient thereof (A) the number of Plan Shares that the Employee has purchased during the calendar year in which the Offering Date occurs under the ESPP or under any other employee stock purchase plan of the Company or any subsidiary of the Company which is intended to qualify under Section 423 of the U.S. International Revenue Code of 1986 plus (B) the number of Plan Shares subject on the Offering Date to any outstanding Purchase Rights granted to the Employee under any related Plan.
If application of the above formula would result in the grant of Purchase Rights covering, in the aggregate, more than the number of Plan Shares that the Compensation Committee has made available for the relevant Offering Period, then the Compensation Committee shall adjust the number of Plan Shares subject to the Purchase Right in order that, following such adjustment, the aggregate number of Plan Shares subject to the purchase Right shall remain within the applicable limit.
All Purchase Rights outstanding at the tenth anniversary of the Plan shall remain outstanding through and may be exercised upon the relevant Purchase Date, but no additional Purchase Right shall be granted under the ESPP.
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(f) Exercise of Purchase Right
Unless a Participant withdraws from the ESPP, his or her Purchase Right shall become exercisable automatically, on the Purchase Date of the relevant Offering Period for the number of Plan Shares obtained by dividing the accumulated Contributions credited to the Participant’s account as of the Purchase Date by the applicable Purchase Price, being an amount not less than 85 percent of the Fair Market Value of the Plan Shares on the Offering Date or on the Purchase Date, whichever is lower (the “Purchase Price”).
The Compensation Committee may credit any Contributions that have been credited to a Participant’s account under the ESPP with interest. Any interest credited to a Participant’s account shall not be used to purchase ADSs and shall instead be paid to the Participant at the end of the relevant Offering Period.
If any portion of a Participant’s accumulated Contributions is not used to purchase ordinary shares on a given Purchase Date, the remaining amount shall be held in the Participant’s account and used for the purchase of Plan Shares under the next Offering Period, unless the Participant withdraws from the next Offering Period.
The exercise of the Purchase Right granted under the ESPP is not subject to any performance target.
(g) Limit of the ESPP
At the annual general meeting of the shareholders held on June 23, 2009 the shareholders of the Company approved an increase the number of ordinary shares reserved for issuance under the Stock Option Plan and the ESPP (the “Global Limit”) from 1,317,000,000 ordinary shares of the Company to 2,434,667,773 ordinary shares of the Company.
The number of ordinary shares that may be issued upon exercise of all outstanding Purchase Rights granted under the ESPP or other employee stock purchase plan of the Company or and any outstanding stock options granted under the Stock Option Plan or other stock option plan of the Company must not exceed, in the aggregate, thirty percent of the issued and outstanding ordinary shares in issuance from time to time.
(h) Period of the ESPP
The ESPP shall continue for a term of ten years from the date of its approval by the Shareholders unless terminated in accordance with sub-paragraph (i).
(i) Amendments and Termination of the ESPP
The Compensation Committee may at any time amend the ESPP in any respect or terminate the ESPP, except that, without the approval of the Company’s shareholders at a meeting duly called, no amendment shall be made in relation to:
(i) increasing the number of ADSs approved for the ESPP; or
(ii) decreasing the Purchase Price per ADSs.
Any alterations or amendments of a material nature or any change to the terms of the Purchase Rights granted must be approved by the shareholders of the Company, unless such alteration or amendment takes effect automatically under the terms of the ESPP. For the avoidance of doubt, any alteration or amendment pursuant to the exercise of any authority granted under the ESPP shall be deemed to take effect automatically under the terms of the ESPP. Any amendment made to the ESPP must be in accordance with the requirements of the Listing Rules or permitted by the SEHK.
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If the ESPP is terminated by the Board prior to the tenth anniversary of the date of Board approval, unless the Compensation Committee has also terminated any Offering Period then in progress, Purchase Rights granted before such termination shall continue to be valid and exercisable in accordance with, and subject to, the terms and conditions of the Plan.
Rule 17.03(9) of the Listing Rules provide that the exercise price of any share option scheme operated by listed issuers may not be lower than effectively the market price of the ordinary shares. As a result of the capital-intensive nature of the Company’s business, we have traditionally relied on share options, rather than cash, as an important means of remunerating its employees. This is common in the industry and we wish to continue this practice. Accordingly, we have applied to and obtained from the SEHK a waiver from strict compliance with Rule 17.03(9) of the Listing Rules such that the Company is allowed to continue to grant options over its ADSs to its employees under the ESPP at an exercise price which is at a discount (up to 15 percent discount) to the lower of market price at the commencement of the offering period or the market price on the purchase date.
Up and until December 31, 2009, the Company has not granted any purchase right under the ESPP.
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Item 7. Major Shareholders and Related Party Transactions
Major Shareholders
The following table sets forth information regarding the beneficial ownership as of December 31, 2009 of our ordinary shares, by each shareholder who is known by us to beneficially own 5% or more of our outstanding shares as of such date.
| | 2009 | | 2008 | | 2007 |
Name of Shareholder | | Number of Shares | | Percentage | | Number of Shares | | Percentage | | Number of Shares | | Percentage |
| | Held | | Held | | Held | | Held | | Held | | Held |
Datang Telecom Technology & | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Industry Holdings Co., Ltd. | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
(“Datang”) | | 3,699,094,300 | (1) | | 16.53 | % | | 3,699,094,300 | | 16.57 | % | | - | | - |
|
Shanghai Industrial Investment | | 420,008,000 | (2) | | | | | | | | | | | | |
(Holdings) Company Limited (“SIIC”) | | 1,833,269,340 | (3) | | | | | | | | | | | | |
|
Total | | 2,253,277,340 | | | 10.07 | % | | 2,253,277,340 | | 10.09 | % | | 2,030,265,903 | | 10.94% |
|
Donald Smith & Co., Inc. | | 1,241,358,760 | (4) | | 5.55 | % | | 1,326,812,150 | | 5.94 | % | | - | | - |
____________________
Notes:
(1) | | All such Shares are held by Datang Holdings (Hongkong) Investment Company Limited which is a wholly-owned subsidiary of Datang Telecom Technology & Industry Holdings Co., Ltd. |
|
(2) | | All such ordinary shares are held by SIIC Treasury (B.V.I.) Limited which is a wholly-owned subsidiary of SIIC. |
|
(3) | | All such Shares are held by S.I. Technology Production Holdings Limited (“SITPHL”) which is an indirect wholly-owned subsidiary of SIIC. SITPHL is a wholly-owned subsidiary of Shanghai Industrial Financial (Holdings) Company Limited (“SIFHCL”) which in turn is a wholly-owned subsidiary of Shanghai Industrial Financial Holdings Limited (“SIFHL”) By virtue of the SFO, SIIC and its subsidiaries, SIFHCL and SIFHL are deemed to be interested in the 1,833,269,340 Shares held by SITPHL. As at December 31, 2009, our director, Zhou Jie, is an executive director and the executive vice president of SIIC. He is also an executive director and the executive deputy CEO of Shanghai Industrial Holdings Limited. Wang Zheng Gang, alternate to Zhou Jie, is the Chief Representative of the Shanghai Representative Office of SIHL and the chairman of SIIC Management (Shanghai) Limited. It is the Company’s understanding that voting and investment control over the ordinary shares beneficially owned by SIIC are maintained by the board of directors of SIIC. |
|
(4) | | According to the Schedule 13G filed with the SEC on February 11, 2010 by Donald Smith & Co., Inc., all such shares are owned by advisory clients of Donald Smith & Co., Inc., no one of which, to the knowledge of Donald Smith & Co., Inc. owns more than 5% of the class. 1,241,368,750 ordinary shares were held in the form of 24,827,375 ADSs. Each ADS represents 50 ordinary shares. |
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On November 9, 2009, we entered into a share and warrant issuance agreement with Taiwan Semiconductor Manufacturing Company (“TSMC”) whereupon we conditionally agreed to issue to TSMC 1,789,493,218 ordinary shares (the “New Common Shares”) and a warrant (exercisable within three years of issuance) to subscribe for 695,914,030 ordinary shares of our company, subject to adjustment, at a purchase price of HK$1.30 per share, subject to adjustment (the “Warrant Shares”). Completion of the share and warrant issuance agreement is conditional upon, amongst other things, the obtaining of governmental approvals and the Listing Committee of the Stock Exchange agreeing to grant approvals for the listing of and permission to deal in the New Common Shares and the Warrant Shares and for the issuance of the warrant. As at the latest practicable date, the transaction has not been completed and none of the New Common Shares and the Warrant Shares have been issued to TSMC.
Please see "Item 10. Additional Disclosure - Other Contracts" for a description of the share and warrant issuance agreement entered in by us and TSMC and the warrant agreement to be entered into (subject to receipt of required government and regulatory approvals) between SMIC and TSMC.
Each ordinary share is entitled to one vote on all matters upon which the ordinary shares are entitled to vote, including the election of directors. No shareholder has voting rights that are different from those of other shareholders.
As of December 31, 2009, 22,375,886,604 ordinary shares (inclusive of 59,382,621 ADS shares) of our company were outstanding. Of these ordinary shares, 2,969,131,050 shares were registered in the name of DBS Ltd. Hong Kong Branch, on behalf of J.P. Morgan Chase Bank, the depositary under the deposit agreement. J.P. Morgan has advised us that, as of December 31, 2009, these 59,382,621 ADSs, representing 2,969,131,050 ordinary shares, were held of record by nine U.S. registered holders. We have no further information as to shares held or beneficially owned by U.S. persons. Each ADS represents 50 ordinary shares.
We do not believe that we are directly or indirectly owned or controlled by another corporation, by any foreign government or by any other natural or legal person severally or jointly.
Related Party Transactions
The following disclosure is for the purpose of fulfilling disclosure requirements pursuant to the rules and regulations promulgated pursuant to the U.S. Securities and Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, only, and may contain disclosure of related party transactions not required to be disclosed in our financial statements under U.S. GAAP.
Indemnification Agreements and Service Contracts
Indemnification Agreements. Article 156 of our Articles of Association provides (amongst others) that we may indemnify any person who is made a party to any action, suit or proceeding by reason of the fact that the person is or was our director, officer, employee or agent, or is or was serving at our request as our director, officer, employee or agent at another entity, subject to certain limitations and applicable conditions.
We recognize the substantial increase in corporate litigation in general, subjecting directors, officers, employees, agents and fiduciaries to expensive litigation risks. We desire to attract and retain the services of highly qualified individuals to serve the company and, in part, in order to induce such individuals to continue to provide services to the company, we wish to provide for the indemnification and advancing of expenses of its directors as permitted by law and applicable regulations.
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a. | | Original Indemnification Agreements. |
|
| | On or around March 18, 2004, upon completion of the Global Offering, we entered into identical indemnification agreements with each director whose appointment as director took effect immediately upon the Global Offering, whom we refer to as the Global Offering Directors, whereby we agreed to, inter alia, indemnify our Global Offering Directors in respect of liability arising from their capacity as our directors. We refer to these indemnification agreements as, collectively, the Original Indemnification Agreements. Pursuant to the Original Indemnification Agreements, we were obliged to indemnify each Global Offering Director, to the fullest extent permitted by law, against all costs, charges, expenses, liabilities, losses and obligations incurred in connection with any threatened, pending or completed action, suit, proceeding or alternative dispute resolution mechanism, or any hearing, inquiry or investigation which might lead to any of the foregoing (an ‘‘Applicable Claim’’) by reason of or arising out of any event or occurrence relating to the fact that he is or was a director of SMIC, or any of our subsidiaries, or is or was serving at our request at another corporation or enterprise, or by reason of any activity or inactivity while serving in such capacity (an ‘‘Indemnifiable Event’’). Our obligation to indemnify our Global Offering Directors pursuant to the Original Indemnification Agreements was subject to certain exceptions and limitations set out therein. |
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b. | | New Indemnification Agreements; Service Contracts. At the annual general meeting of our shareholders on May 6, 2005, our shareholders, other than our directors, chief executive officer and their respective Associates (as defined in the HK Listing Rules) approved an amendment to the form of the Original Indemnification Agreements. As amended, we refer to the new form of Indemnification Agreements as the “New Indemnification Agreements. The New Indemnification Agreements executed by each of the directors superseded the Original Indemnification Agreements which we had previously entered into with any existing directors. The New Indemnification Agreement reflected the then new requirements under Rules 14A.35 of the HK Listing Rules to set a term of no longer than three years and a maximum aggregate annual value for each connected transaction (as defined under the HK Listing Rules). The terms of the New Indemnification Agreements were the same as the Original Indemnification Agreements, except that the New Indemnification Agreements were subject to a term of three years and an annual cap. The annual cap in relation to the New Indemnification Agreements was not to exceed a maximum aggregate annual value as disclosed in our previous announcement. For the year ended December 31, 2009, no payment was made to any director under the New Indemnification Agreements. |
|
| | Service Contracts. The New Indemnification Agreements remained in effect until the entering into between us and our directors of amended service contracts between October 7, 2008 and November 25, 2009 which include indemnity provisions. Each of our executive officers also signed service contracts which include indemnity provisions. We refer to the service contracts we have entered into with each of our directors and executive officers collectively as the Service Contracts. The indemnification provisions contained in the Service Contracts are substantially the same as the terms of the New Indemnification Agreements, except that the Service Contracts are not subject to a maximum term or to an annual cap. The indemnification provisions set forth in the Services Contracts will continue in effect with respect to Applicable Claims relating to Indemnifiable Events regardless of whether the relevant director or executive officer continues to serve as our director or executive officer or to serve at any other enterprise at our request. Except for these indemnification provisions, the Service Contracts do not provide for benefits upon termination of service or employment. |
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Strategic Cooperation Agreement
On December 24, 2008, upon completion of the Share Purchase Agreement pursuant to which Datang conditionally agreed to subscribe through a Hong Kong incorporated wholly owned subsidiary, and the Company conditionally agreed to allot and issue, shares representing 19.9% of the issued share capital of the Company prior to such issuance and approximately 16.6% following such issuance at a total purchase price of US$171.8 million, the Company and Datang entered into a strategic cooperation agreement (the “Strategic Cooperation Agreement”).
Pursuant to the Strategic Cooperation Agreement, the Company intends to give priority to the production requirements of Datang, while Datang intends to give priority to engage or employ the fabrication services of the Group. In addition, the Company and Datang would share their technological research and development resources, co-operate in the development of international markets and globalization of their businesses, and make joint efforts to apply for PRC national and local projects in connection with scientific research and industrialization relating to the integrated circuit sector.
The pricing for the transactions contemplated under the Strategic Cooperation Agreement are determined based on market value. The Caps, being the maximum aggregate values of transactions under the Strategic Cooperation Agreement, are US$50,000,000 for the period commencing on June 23, 2009 and ending on December 31, 2009, and US$100,000,000 for the period commencing on January 1, 2010 and ending on December 23, 2010, respectively, were approved by the shareholders of the Company at its annual general meeting held on June 23, 2009.
Item 8. Financial Information
Consolidated Statements and Other Financial Information
Please see “Item 18. Financial Statements.”
See “Item 4 - Information on the Company - Business Overview - Customers and Markets” regarding the percentage of our sales which are exported from China.
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Litigation
Beginning in December 2003, we became subject to several lawsuits brought by Taiwan Semiconductor Manufacturing Company, Limited (“TSMC”) alleging infringement of certain patents and misappropriation of alleged trade secrets relating to methods for conducting semiconductor fab operations and manufacturing integrated circuits.
On January 31, 2005, we entered into a settlement agreement, without admission of liability, which provided for the dismissal of all pending legal actions without prejudice between the two companies (the “2005 Settlement Agreement”) and agreed to pay TSMC $175 million in installments over a period of six years. We also entered into a patent cross license agreement with TSMC (the “2005 Patent Cross-License”).
On August 25, 2006, TSMC filed a lawsuit against us and certain of our subsidiaries in the Superior Court of the State of California, County of Alameda for alleged breach of the 2005 Settlement Agreement, alleged breach of promissory notes related to the 2005 Settlement Agreement and alleged trade secret misappropriation by us. We filed counterclaims against TSMC in the same court in September 2006 and also filed suit against TSMC in Beijing in November 2006. These lawsuits are collectively referred to below as the “Settled Actions”.
We settled the Settled Actions with TSMC on November 9, 2009, including the legal action filed in California for which a verdict was returned by the jury against SMIC on November 4, 2009, with a settlement agreement (the “2009 Settlement Agreement”) which replaced the 2005 Settlement Agreement. The 2009 Settlement Agreement resolved the Settled Actions. The Settled Actions constituted all pending litigation between us and TSMC at the time of settlement. The terms of the 2009 Settlement Agreement include the following:
1) Entry of judgment and mutual release of all claims that were or could have been brought in the Settled Actions;
2) Termination of the 2005 Settlement Agreement, including SMIC’s obligation to make remaining payments thereunder (approximately US$40 million); and termination of the 2005 Patent-Cross License;
3) Payment to TSMC of an aggregate of US$200 million (with US$15 million paid upon execution, funded from SMIC’s existing cash balances, and the remainder to be paid in installments over a period of four years);
4) Commitment to issue to TSMC of 1,789,493,218 shares of SMIC and one or more a warrants exercisable within three years of issuance to subscribe for an aggregate of 695,914,030 shares of SMIC, subject to adjustment, at a purchase price of HK$1.30 per share, subject to adjustment (referred to collectively as the “TSMC Warrant.”). Issuance of the shares and the TSMC Warrant are subject to receipt of required government and regulatory approvals;
5) Mutual covenants not to sue with respect to intellectual property misappropriation or infringement other than breaches of the 2009 Settlement Agreement, claims not related to the Settled Actions arising after November 9, 2009, and patent or trademark claims;
6) Agreement of the parties to return or destroy certain information;
7) Mutual covenants to preserve the confidentiality of certain information; and
8) An obligation of SMIC, in the event of a material breach of the 2009 Settlement Agreement or certain related documents that is uncured 30 days after notice from TSMC, to pay TSMC liquidated damages, in addition to any damages arising from such breach, in the amount of US$44 million plus a royalty equal to 5% of SMIC’s gross revenues derived from foundry services in respect of SMIC’s 90nm and larger manufacturing processes for 20 years from the date of such breach.
Please see “Item 10. Additional Disclosure – Other Contracts” for a description of the share and warrant issuance agreement entered into by us and TSMC in connection with the 2009 Settlement Agreement and the warrant agreement to be entered into (subject to receipt of required government and regulatory approvals) between SMIC and TSMC in connection with the 2009 Settlement Agreement.
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Accounting Treatment for the 2005 Settlement Agreement:
In accounting for the 2005 Settlement Agreement, we determined that there were several components — settlement of litigation, covenant not to sue, patents licensed by us to TSMC and the use of TSMC’s patent license portfolio both prior and subsequent to the settlement date.
We do not believe that, under the 2005 Settlement Agreement, the settlement of litigation, covenant not to sue or patents licensed by us to TSMC qualify as assets under US GAAP.
We determined that the use of TSMC’s patent license portfolio prior to and subsequent to the 2005 Settlement Agreement date qualify as assets under US GAAP. US$16.7 million was allocated to the pre-2005 Settlement Agreement period, reflecting the amount that we would have paid for use of the patent license portfolio prior to the date of the 2005 Settlement Agreement. The remaining US$141.3 million, representing the relative fair value of the licensed patent license portfolio, was recorded on our consolidated balance sheets as a deferred cost (“Deferred Cost”) and was amortized over a six-year period, which represents the life of the licensed patent license portfolio.
Accounting Treatment for the 2009 Settlement Agreement:
In accounting for the 2009 Settlement Agreement, we determined that there were three components of the 2009 Settlement Agreement:
1) Settlement of litigation via entry of judgment and mutual release of all claims in connection with pending litigation;
2) TSMC’s covenant not-to-sue with respect to alleged misappropriation of trade secrets; and
3) Termination of payment obligation of the remaining payments to TSMC under the 2005 Settlement Agreement of approximately US$40 million.
We do not believe that any of the aforementioned items qualify as assets under US GAAP. Accordingly, all such items were expensed as of the settlement date. Further, all previously recorded Deferred Cost associated with the 2005 Settlement Agreement were immediately impaired and we recorded the related impairment loss of US$27.5 million in the consolidated statements of operations. The commitment to grant the shares to TSMC and the TSMC Warrant was initially measured at fair value and is being accounted for as a derivative with all subsequent changes in fair value being reflected in the consolidated statements of operations. We recorded US$269.6 million under operating expenses in the fourth quarter of fiscal 2009, and US$30.1 million as non-operating expenses relating to the change in fair value of the derivative instruments. Interest expense associated with the promissory notes of US$0.7 million was recorded in 2009.
Contingent Liability
In 2008, the Company entered into equipment purchase and cooperative manufacturing arrangements (the “Arrangements”) with an unrelated semiconductor manufacturer (the “Counterparty”). Such cooperative manufacturing arrangements ended in 2008 as scheduled. In 2009, the Company received notifications from the Counterparty that the Company was responsible for additional equipment relocation expenses and a portion of the losses incurred during the term of the cooperative manufacturing arrangement. The Company has contested the claims and demanded further information supporting the Counterparty’s claims. The Counterparty also filed a demand for dispute arbitration in late 2009 for a portion of the claims. The Company plans to continue its investigations and negotiations with the Counterparty. The total amount of the claims is approximately US$45 million. The Company recorded its best estimate of the probable amount of its liability on the claims in the consolidated financial statements as of and during the year ended December 31, 2009.
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Dividends and Dividend Policy
At the end of 2009, the Company’s accumulated deficit increased to US$1,712.0 million from an accumulated deficit of US$748.5 million at the end of 2008. The Company has not declared or paid any cash dividends on the ordinary shares. We intend to retain any earnings for use in the Company’s business and do not currently intend to pay cash dividends on the ordinary shares. Dividends, if any, on the outstanding shares will be declared by and subject to the discretion of the Board and must be approved at the annual general meeting of shareholders. The timing, amount and form of future dividends, if any, will also depend, among other things, on:
- the Company’s results of operations and cash flow;
- the Company’s future prospects;
- the Company’s capital requirements and surplus;
- the Company’s financial condition;
- general business conditions;
- contractual restrictions on the payment of dividends by the Company to its shareholders or by the Company’s subsidiaries to the Company; and
- other factors deemed relevant by the Board.
The Company’s ability to pay cash dividends will also depend upon the amount of distributions, if any, received by the Company from its wholly-owned Chinese operating subsidiaries. Under the applicable requirements of Chinese Company Law, the Company’s subsidiaries in China may only distribute dividends after they have made allowances for:
- recovery of losses, if any;
- allocation to the statutory common reserve funds;
- allocation to staff and workers’ bonus and welfare funds; and
- allocation to a discretionary common reserve fund if approved by the Company’s shareholders.
More specifically, these operating subsidiaries may only pay dividends after 10% of their net profit has been set aside as statutory common reserves and a discretionary percentage of their net profit has been set aside for the staff and workers’ bonus and welfare funds. These operating subsidiaries are not required to set aside any of their net profit as statutory common reserves if such reserves are at least 50% of their respective registered capital. Furthermore, if they record no net income for a year, they generally may not distribute dividends for that year.
Significant Changes
Please see the section entitled “Litigation” above.
Item 9. The Offer and Listing
Our ordinary shares are principally traded on the Stock Exchange of Hong Kong under the stock code “981” Our ordinary shares began trading on the Stock Exchange of Hong Kong on March 18, 2004. Our American Depositary Shares, which began trading on the New York Stock Exchange on March 17, 2004, are traded under the symbol “SMI.”
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The table below sets forth the high and low closing prices on the Stock Exchange of Hong Kong and the New York Stock Exchange for the ordinary shares represented by the ADSs, since the completion of the global offering and for the most recent six months.
| | Stock Exchange of Hong Kong | | New York Stock Exchange(1) |
| | Closing price per ordinary share | | Closing price per ADS |
| | High Price | | Low Price | | High Price | | Low Price |
2005 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
First Quarter | | HK$ | | 1.75 | * | | HK$ | | 1.48 | | | US$ | | 11.14 | | | US$ | | 9.35 | |
Second Quarter | | HK$ | | 1.71 | | | HK$ | | 1.48 | | | US$ | | 10.93 | | | US$ | | 9.52 | |
Third Quarter | | HK$ | | 1.75 | * | | HK$ | | 1.21 | | | US$ | | 11.33 | * | | US$ | | 7.83 | |
Fourth Quarter | | HK$ | | 1.33 | | | HK$ | | 1.00 | * | | US$ | | 8.46 | | | US$ | | 6.68 | * |
2006 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
First Quarter | | HK$ | | 1.29 | * | | HK$ | | 1.02 | | | US$ | | 8.38 | * | | US$ | | 6.73 | |
Second Quarter | | HK$ | | 1.21 | | | HK$ | | 1.00 | | | US$ | | 7.82 | | | US$ | | 6.36 | |
Third Quarter | | HK$ | | 1.07 | | | HK$ | | 0.97 | | | US$ | | 6.88 | | | US$ | | 6.30 | |
Fourth Quarter | | HK$ | | 1.03 | | | HK$ | | 0.87 | * | | US$ | | 6.46 | | | US$ | | 5.48 | * |
2007 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
First Quarter | | HK$ | | 1.24 | * | | HK$ | | 0.87 | | | US$ | | 8.30 | * | | US$ | | 5.87 | |
Second Quarter | | HK$ | | 1.24 | | | HK$ | | 1.04 | | | US$ | | 7.68 | | | US$ | | 6.69 | |
Third Quarter | | HK$ | | 1.18 | | | HK$ | | 0.81 | | | US$ | | 7.50 | | | US$ | | 5.30 | |
Fourth Quarter | | HK$ | | 1.11 | | | HK$ | | 0.71 | * | | US$ | | 6.72 | | | US$ | | 4.57 | * |
2008 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
First Quarter | | HK$ | | 0.82 | * | | HK$ | | 0.41 | | | US$ | | 4.98 | * | | US$ | | 2.76 | |
Second Quarter | | HK$ | | 0.78 | | | HK$ | | 0.44 | | | US$ | | 4.32 | | | US$ | | 2.88 | |
Third Quarter | | HK$ | | 0.48 | | | HK$ | | 0.20 | | | US$ | | 2.99 | | | US$ | | 1.32 | |
Fourth Quarter | | HK$ | | 0.35 | | | HK$ | | 0.11 | * | | US$ | | 2.41 | | | US$ | | 0.89 | * |
2009 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
First Quarter | | HK$ | | 0.39 | | | HK$ | | 0.23 | * | | US$ | | 2.29 | | | US$ | | 1.53 | * |
Second Quarter | | HK$ | | 0.47 | | | HK$ | | 0.27 | | | US$ | | 2.96 | | | US$ | | 1.82 | |
Third Quarter | | HK$ | | 0.44 | | | HK$ | | 0.37 | | | US$ | | 2.86 | | | US$ | | 2.40 | |
Fourth Quarter | | HK$ | | 0.66 | * | | HK$ | | 0.35 | | | US$ | | 3.88 | * | | US$ | | 2.30 | |
2010 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
January | | HK$ | | 0.72 | | | HK$ | | 0.54 | | | US$ | | 4.65 | | | US$ | | 3.57 | |
February | | HK$ | | 0.82 | | | HK$ | | 0.61 | | | US$ | | 5.19 | | | US$ | | 3.90 | |
March | | HK$ | | 1.05 | | | HK$ | | 0.76 | | | US$ | | 6.67 | | | US$ | | 4.94 | |
April | | HK$ | | 1.03 | | | HK$ | | 0.84 | | | US$ | | 6.73 | | | US$ | | 5.32 | |
May | | HK$ | | 0.82 | | | HK$ | | 0.54 | | | US$ | | 5.20 | | | US$ | | 3.48 | |
June (through June 15) | | HK$ | | 0.69 | | | HK$ | | 0.64 | | | US$ | | 4.00 | | | US$ | | 4.31 | |
____________________
(1) | | Each ADS represents 50 ordinary shares. |
| | |
* | | Indicates high and low prices for the fiscal year. |
At our request, trading in our shares on the Stock Exchange of Hong Kong was suspended with effect from November 4, 2009, 9:30 a.m., Hong Kong time, pending the release of our announcement regarding our entering into of the settlement agreement with Taiwan Semiconductor Manufacturing Company, Ltd. Pursuant to our application to the Hong Kong Stock Exchange, trading in our shares resumed on the Stock Exchange of Hong Kong with effect from 9:30 a.m., November 11, 2009, Hong Kong time Also at our request, trading in our ADSs on the NYSE was suspended for a like period.
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Item 10. Additional Information
Memorandum and Articles of Association
The section entitled “Description of Share Capital” in our IPO registration statement is incorporated by reference into this annual report.
The sections entitled “Item 10-Additional Information-Memorandum and Articles of Association” in our annual report on Form 20-F for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2004, filed with the SEC on June 26, 2005 and in our annual report on Form 20-F for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2005, filed with the SEC on June 26, 2006 are incorporated by reference into this annual report. In addition, at the annual general meeting of our shareholders held on June 2, 2008, our shareholders approved an amendment to our Articles of Association to provide that a member of our board of directors may be removed by Ordinary Resolution.
Material Contracts
Share Purchase Agreement with Datang Telecom Technology & Industry Holdings Co., Ltd.
We entered into a Share Purchase Agreement dated November 6, 2008 with Datang Telecom Technology & Industry Holdings Co., Ltd, or Datang, pursuant to which Datang subscribed through a Hong Kong incorporated subsidiary, also referred to below as the HKCo, and we allotted and issued, 3,699,094,300 ordinary shares for a purchase price of HK$0.36 per ordinary shares for a total purchase price of US$171.8 million on December 24, 2008, also referred to below as the closing date.
The principal terms of the Share Purchase Agreement are as follows:
- Right to Nominate Investor Nominees. Datang has the right to nominate two nominees to our board, provided that the decision of our board to appoint, or propose to our shareholders for appointment, any individual nominated by Datang as a director will be made in the best interests our company and our shareholders as a whole, and we are not obliged to simply appoint any individual nominated by Datang as a director without taking into account such considerations, provided further that. (a) subject to clause (b) below, the number of Datang nominees shall decrease to one if Datang, the HKCo and the permitted transferee, collectively, hold less than 1,849,547,150 shares (as appropriately adjusted for stock splits, stock consolidation, stock dividends, recapitalizations and the like) of the our total issued nominal share capital, or Datang, together with the HKCo, holds less than 924,773,575 shares (as appropriately adjusted for stock splits, stock consolidation, stock dividends, recapitalizations and the like) of our total issued nominal share capital; and (b) the right to nominate any Datang nominee shall cease if Datang, the HKCO and the permitted transferee, collectively, hold less than 924,773,575 shares (as appropriately adjusted for stock splits, stock consolidation, stock dividends, recapitalizations and the like) of our total issued nominal share capital, or if Datang, together with HKCo, holds less than 462,386,788 shares (as appropriately adjusted for stock splits, stock consolidation, stock dividends, recapitalizations and the like) of our total nominal share capital.;
- Right to Nominate Vice-President in Charge of TD-SCDMA. Datang has the right to nominate a Vice-President in charge of TD-SCDMA, provided that Datang, HKCo and the permitted transferee, collectively, hold at least 924,773,575 shares (as appropriately adjusted for stock splits, stock consolidation, stock dividends, recapitalizations and the like) of our total nominal share capital from time to time, provide that Datang, together with the HKCO, holds at least 462,386,788 shares (as appropriately adjusted for stock splits, stock consolidation, stock dividends, recapitalizations and the like) of our total issued share capital from time to time, subject to the approval of our board (excluding the Datang nominees).
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- Pre-emptive Right. Datang has the following right to purchase any new ordinary shares, any securities convertible into or exchangeable into ordinary shares or any warrants or other rights to subscribe for ordinary shares, referred to as the “Relevant Securities” (subject to the approval of our independent shareholders in order to comply with the Rules Governing the Listing of Securities on the Hong Kong Stock Exchange prior to each such purchase), in the event that we propose to issue the Relevant Securities, to enable Datang to hold after such issue (i) in the case of an offer to investors that would result in a prospective largest shareholder (other than an underwriter that is placing on our behalf the Relevant Securities in a bona fide capital markets transaction), one ordinary share more than the number of ordinary shares proposed to be beneficially owned by the prospective largest shareholder, unless (a) Datang and the HKCo hold less than 2,774,320,725 shares (as appropriately adjusted for stock splits, stock consolidation, stock dividends, recapitalizations and the like) of our total nominal share capital, or (b) at least two-thirds of our board (excluding Datang nominees) in good faith resolves in writing that such exercise is not in the best interests of our company and our shareholders as a whole, and (ii) in the case of the issue of Relevant Securities other than (i) above, a pro rata portion of the Relevant Securities equal to the percentage of our issued share capital then beneficially owned by Datang (together with HKCo) prior to the issuance of the Relevant Securities, provided that Datang (together with HKCo) maintains an ownership interest equal to at least 1,849,547,150 shares (as appropriately adjusted for stock splits, stock consolidation, stock consolidation, stock dividends, recapitalizations and the like) of our total nominal share capital.
- Lock-Up. Datang shall not transfer any of the shares purchased under the Share Purchase Agreement without our prior written consent for a period of two years from the closing date, provided that such lock-up shall not apply to transfer of less than 1,849,547,150 of such shares (as appropriately adjusted for stock splits, stock consolidation, stock dividends, recapitalizations and the like) to a permitted transferee as defined in the Share Purchase Agreement, provided that any such permitted transferee shall be a non-PRC incorporated entity, unless Datang shall have provided to us in writing justifying the need to transfer to a PRC incorporated entity, and our board (excluding the Datang nominees) shall have determined that such transfer to a PRC incorporated entity is not expected to be prejudicial to the interests of, or have an adverse effect, on our group.
- Standstill. Datang shall not, except with our prior written consent, directly or indirectly, acquire any of our ordinary shares, any other security carrying voting rights and any outstanding convertible securities, options, warrants or other rights which are convertible into or exchangeable or exercisable or carrying rights of subscription for securities carrying voting rights in us (together our “voting securities” exceeding the lesser of thirty percent of our issued voting securities, or such other threshold that may trigger a mandatory offer obligation as set out in the Hong Kong Code on Takeovers and Mergers, at any time following the date of the Share Purchase Agreement and until the second anniversary of the closing date.
Strategic Cooperation Agreement with Datang Telecom Technology & Industry Holdings Co., Ltd.
We entered into a Strategic Cooperation Agreement, dated December 24, 2008, with Datang Telecom Technology & Industry Holdings Co., Ltd. The principal terms of the Strategic Cooperation Agreement are as follows:
- Effective Period: Two years effective from the closing date, being December 24, 2008, subject to all the cooperation pursuant to the Strategic Cooperation Agreement, complying with, among other things, the Rules Governing the Listing of Securities on the Hong Kong Stock Exchange.
- Material Terms: Cooperation in the areas of technology, industry, global markets and cooperative undertaking.
- Cooperation of technological research and development, or Technological Cooperation. As part of our core business of providing IP design services, we intend to provide our existing research and development facilities and manpower in developing advanced logic processing technology and intellectual property bank for Datang, while Datang will provide pilot authentication products in relation to such development. The funding required for such research and development will be in accordance with the market practice and to be agreed by us and Datang. We expect this to be provided by reference to the extent of each party’s responsibilities and rights in the cooperation. We also intend to recommend the technology of Datang to third party customers.
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- Provision of fabrication services, or Production Cooperation. As part of our core business of semiconductors fabrication, we intend to give priority to the production requirements of Datang while Datang intends to give priority to engage or employ our fabrication services provided that our price, technology and service standards are comparable to competitors and at the prevailing market value. The price for the provision of fabrication services under the Production Cooperation will be determined by reference to market price.
- Global markets, or Market Development Cooperation. We also intend to cooperate with Datang in the development of international markets and globalization of its business.
- Cooperative Undertaking in relation to PRC National Scientific Research Projects, or Cooperative Undertaking. We and Datang intend to make joint efforts to apply for PRC national and local projects in connection with scientific research and industrialization relating to the integrated circuit sector.
Long-Term Loan Facilities
SMIC Shanghai and SMIC Tianjin entered into long-term loan facilities in 2006 See Item 5 - Liquidity and Capital Resources on page 65 for a description of these long-term loan facilities.
2009 Settlement Agreement
Please also see the section entitled “Litigation” above regarding the 2009 Settlement Agreement, TSMC Share and Warrant Agreement and TSMC Warrant Agreement.
Other Contracts
Management Service Contracts with Cension Semiconductor Manufacturing Corporation and Wuhan Xinxin Semiconductor Manufacturing Corporation
We provide management services to Cension Semiconductor Manufacturing Corporation (“Cension”) and Wuhan Xinxin Semiconductor Manufacturing Corporation (“Xinxin”) which are government-owned foundries pursuant to the Operating and Management Agreement dated October 15, 2005 between us and Cension and the Operating and Management Agreement dated March 30, 2006 between us and Xinxin. Management service revenues under these agreements for 2009, 2008 and 2007 were $6,000,000, $33,000,000 and $42,000,000, respectively.
In 2008 and 2007, we sold equipment with carrying value of $7,688 and $19,530,909 to Cension for $175,300, and $42,300,258, which resulted in gains on sale of $167,612 and $22,769,349, respectively. The Company did not sell any plant, equipment or other fixed assets to Cension in 2009.
In 2008, the Company sold equipment with carrying value of $3,629,605 to Xinxin for $3,944,204, which resulted in a gain on sale of $314,599, of which $3,944,204 was outstanding as of December 2008. In 2009, there was no such transaction.
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Transactions with Cension Semiconductor Manufacturing Corporation (“Cension”) and Elpida Memory, Inc.
On April 10, 2007, Cension entered into an Asset Purchase Agreement with Elpida Memory, Inc., or Elpida, a Japan based memory chip manufacturer, for the purchase of Elpida’s 200mm wafer processing equipment currently located in Hiroshima, Japan for the total price of approximately $320 million.
As part of this Asset Purchase Agreement, we provided a corporate guarantee for a maximum guarantee liability of $163.2 million on behalf of Cension in favor of Elpida. Our guarantee liability will terminate upon full payment of the purchase price by Cension to Elpida. In return for providing the above corporate guarantee, we received a guarantee fee from Cension based on 1.5% of the guarantee amount, or $2.4 million. Approximately $160 million in 200mm wafer processing equipment purchased under this Asset Purchase Agreement was held as collateral under the guarantee.
We are entitled to the net profit (loss) associated with the ongoing operations of this equipment, net of a guaranteed fixed share of revenue for Elpida, during the transitional period prior to when the equipment was relocated from Hiroshima to Chengdu. Such relocation was completed in 2008.
On August 30, 2007, Cension negotiated with Elpida and subsequently reduced the purchase price to US$309.5 million.
In April 2008, SMIC entered into an agreement with Cension to purchase approximately half of the equipment from Cension for approximately $152 million. The equipment acquired by the Company will be used for the Company’s future expansion.
The Company ceased its recognition of management revenue in the second quarter of 2009 due to issues of collectability. Furthermore, the Company recorded a $115.8 million bad debt provision in 2009, of which $93.5 million and $21.1 million are due to long outstanding overdue debt relating primarily to management revenue for services rendered and related equipment sold, respectively.
The Company also reversed the deferred revenue of $9 million in relation to the management service rendered.
Share and Warrant Issuance Agreement
The share and warrant issuance agreement dated as of November 9, 2009 and entered into by us and TSMC in connection with the 2009 Settlement Agreement (the “TSMC Share and Warrant Issuance Agreement”) includes, among others, the following terms:
1) Commitment to grant to TSMC 1,789,493,218 shares of SMIC and one or more warrants exercisable within three years of issuance to subscribe for an aggregate of 695,914,030 shares of SMIC, subject to adjustment, at a purchase price of HK$1.30 per share, subject to adjustment (referred to collectively as the “TSMC Warrant”). Issuance of the shares and the TSMC Warrant are subject to receipt of required government and regulatory approvals;
2) TSMC’s agreement that, subject to certain exceptions, it will not, except with the prior written consent of our Board of Directors, acquire any of our ordinary shares or other voting securities or securities convertible into or exchangeable for any such securities or take certain specified actions such as making a tender offer or commencing a proxy solicitation with respect to our shares, for so long as TSMC holds any of the securities to be issued to it under the 2009 Settlement Agreement and we have not become the subject of certain specified transactions related to a change of control of SMIC;