SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES | SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES The accounting policies followed for quarterly financial reporting are the same as those disclosed in the Notes to Financial Statements included in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K filed with the SEC for the year ended December 31, 2014. In addition, with the U.S. launch of ILUVIEN in the three months ended March 31, 2015, the Company adopted the policy set forth below. Revenue Recognition In the U.S., the Company sells ILUVIEN to a limited number of specialty distributors who in turn sell the product downstream to pharmacies and physician practices. Revenue from U.S. product sales is recorded upon sale to the specialty distributors net of applicable provisions for rebates and chargebacks under governmental programs, distribution-related fees, prompt pay discounts, product returns, and other sales-related deductions. Calculating these provisions involves estimates and judgments. The Company reviews its estimates of rebates, chargebacks, and other applicable provisions each period and records any necessary adjustments in the current period's net product sales. Government Rebates and Chargebacks: The Company estimates reductions to product sales for Medicaid and Veterans' Administration (VA) programs, and for certain other qualifying federal and state government programs. Based upon the Company's contracts with government agencies, statutorily-defined discounts applicable to government-funded programs, historical experience, and estimated payer mix, the Company estimates and records an allowance for rebates and chargebacks. The Company's liability for Medicaid rebates consists of estimates for claims that a state will make for a current quarter, claims for prior quarters that have been estimated for which an invoice has not been received, and invoices received for claims from prior quarters that have not been paid. The Company's reserves related to discounted pricing to VA, Public Health Services (PHS), and other institutions (collectively qualified healthcare providers) represent the Company's estimated obligations resulting from contractual commitments to sell products to qualified healthcare providers at prices lower than the list prices the Company charges to its customers (i.e., specialty distributors). The Company's customers charge the Company for the difference between what they pay for the products and the ultimate selling price to the qualified healthcare providers. The Company's reserve for this discounted pricing is based on expected sales to qualified healthcare providers and the chargebacks that customers have already claimed. Distribution-Related Fees: The Company has written contracts with its customers that include terms for distribution-related fees. The Company estimates and records distribution and related fees due to its customers based on gross sales. Prompt Pay Discounts: No prompt pay discounts are currently offered to the Company's U.S. customers on sales. Product Returns: Consistent with industry practice, the Company offers its customers a limited right to return product purchased directly from the Company, which is principally based upon the product's expiration date. The Company will accept returns for three months prior to and up to six months after the product expiration date. Depending on the circumstances, the Company may provide replacement products or cash credit for returns. Product returned is generally not resalable given the nature of the Company's products and method of administration. The Company develops estimates for product returns based upon historical experience, inventory levels, shelf life of the product, and other relevant factors. The Company monitors product supply levels in the distribution channel, as well as sales by its customers to healthcare providers using product-specific data provided by its customers. If necessary, the Company's estimates of product returns may be adjusted in the future based on actual returns experience, known or expected changes in the marketplace, or other factors. Reporting Segments The Company determines operating segments in accordance with its internal operating structure. The Company’s chief operating decision maker is the Chief Executive Officer (CEO). While the CEO is apprised of a variety of financial metrics and information, the business is principally managed and organized based upon geographic and regulatory environment. Each segment is separately managed and is evaluated primarily upon net loss from operations. The Company does not report balance sheet information by segment since it is not reviewed by the Company’s chief operating decision maker. The Company has two reportable segments, the U.S. and International. Previously, the business was managed on an aggregate basis. As a result of the retrospective presentation and disclosure requirements under U.S. GAAP for changes in segment reporting, the Company is required to reflect the change in presentation and disclosure for all periods presented. As such, the Company has presented in Note 16, Segment Information, the financial results for the three months ended March 31, 2014 in the same manner as for the three months ended March 31, 2015. Research and Development Expenses Research and development expenses were $1,306,000 and $1,310,000 for the three months ended March 31, 2015 and 2014, respectively. Recent Accounting Pronouncements From time to time, new accounting pronouncements are issued by the Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB) or other standard setting bodies that are adopted by us as of the specified effective date. Unless otherwise discussed, we believe that the impact of recently issued standards that are not yet effective will not have a material impact on our financial position or results of operations upon adoption. In May 2014, the FASB issued Accounting Standards Update (ASU) 2014-09, Revenue from Contracts with Customers (Topic 606) . ASU 2014-09 provides a single, comprehensive revenue recognition model for all contracts with customers. The revenue guidance contains principles that an entity will apply to determine the measurement of revenue and timing of when it is recognized. The underlying principle is that an entity will recognize revenue to depict the transfer of goods or services to customers at an amount that the entity expects to be entitled to in exchange for those goods or services. Currently, the standard is scheduled to become effective for the first interim period within annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2016 for public entities, with no early adoption permitted. However, in April 2015, the FASB proposed a deferral of the effective date of the new revenue standard by one year, subject to the FASB’s due process requirement. The Company is still evaluating the potential impact of adopting this guidance on its financial statements. In April 2015, the FASB issued ASU 2015-03, Interest - Imputation of Interest (Subtopic 835-30): Simplifying the Presentation of Debt Issuance Costs . ASU 2015-03 is intended to simplify the presentation of debt issuance costs. These amendments require that debt issuance costs related to a recognized debt liability be presented in the balance sheet as a direct deduction from the carrying amount of that debt liability, consistent with debt discounts. The recognition and measurement guidance for debt issuance costs are not affected by the amendments in this ASU.The new standard is effective for fiscal years, and interim periods within those fiscal years, beginning after December 15, 2015. Early adoption is permitted and the standard is to be retrospectively applied to all periods presented upon adoption. The Company is still evaluating the potential impact of adopting this guidance on its financial statements. | SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES The following accounting policies relate primarily to the continuing operations of the Company: Use of Estimates in Financial Statements — The financial statements have been prepared in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America and, as such, include amounts based on informed estimates and judgments of management. Actual results could differ from those estimates. Principles of Consolidation — The consolidated financial statements include the accounts of Alimera Sciences, Inc. and all wholly-owned subsidiaries. All significant inter-company balances have been eliminated in consolidation. Reclassifications — Within the operating expenses section of the Consolidated Statements of Operations for the year ended December 31, 2013, the Company reclassified depreciation expense of $138,000 from general and administrative expenses to depreciation and amortization to conform to the current year presentation. In addition, the Company reclassified certain medical affairs support expenses of $448,000 and $429,000 for the year ended December 31, 2014 and 2013, respectively, from sales and marketing expenses to research, development and medical affairs expenses. Cash and Cash Equivalents — Cash and cash equivalents include cash and highly liquid investments that are readily convertible into cash and have a maturity of 90 days or less when purchased. Generally, cash and cash equivalents held at financial institutions are in excess of federally insured limits. The Company limits its exposure to credit loss by placing its cash and cash equivalents in highly liquid investments with high quality financial institutions. Cash and cash equivalents were $76,697,000 and $12,628,000 at December 31, 2014 and 2013, respectively, with approximately 96.0% and 100.0% of these balances, respectively held in U.S. based financial institutions. Revenue Recognition — The Company recognizes revenue from its product sales when persuasive evidence of an arrangement exists, title to product and associated risk of loss have passed to the customer, the price is fixed or determinable, and collection from the customer is reasonably assured. Title passes generally upon shipment or upon receipt by the customer depending on the agreement with the customer. Precise information regarding the receipt of product by the customer is not always readily available. In these cases, the Company estimates the date of receipt based upon shipping policies by geographic location. The Company's shipping policies require delivery within 24 hours of shipment in most instances. Taxes that are collected from customers and remitted to governmental authorities are not included in revenue. Accounts Receivable and Allowance for Doubtful Accounts — Accounts receivable are generated through sales primarily to pharmacies, hospitals and wholesalers which began in 2013. The Company does not require collateral from its customers for accounts receivable. The carrying amount of accounts receivable is reduced by an allowance for doubtful accounts that reflects management's best estimate of the amounts that will not be collected. In addition to reviewing delinquent accounts receivable, management considers many factors in estimating its general allowance, including historical data, experience, customer types, credit worthiness, and economic trends. From time to time, management may adjust its assumptions for anticipated changes in any of those or other factors expected to affect collectability. Provisions for doubtful accounts are charged to operations at the time management determines these accounts may become uncollectable. The Company writes off accounts receivable when management determines they are uncollectable and credits payments subsequently received on such receivables to bad debt expense in the period received. There were accounts receivable write-offs of $21,000 for the year ended December 31, 2014 and no allowance for doubtful accounts at December 31, 2014. There were no accounts receivable write-offs for the year ended December 31, 2013 and no allowance for doubtful accounts at December 31, 2013. Inventory — Inventories are stated at the lower of cost or market with cost determined under the first in, first out (FIFO) method. Included in inventory costs are component parts, work-in-progress and finished goods. The Company relies on third party manufacturers for the production of all inventory and does not capitalize any internal costs. The Company periodically reviews inventories for excess, obsolete or expiring inventory and writes down obsolete or otherwise unmarketable inventory to its estimated net realizable value. If the actual net realizable value is less than that estimated, or if there are any further determinations that inventory will not be marketable based on estimates of demand, additional inventory write-downs will be required. Intangible Assets — The cost of intangible assets with determinable useful lives is amortized to reflect the pattern of economic benefits consumed, which approximates a straight-line basis, over the estimated periods benefited. The estimated useful life of the intangible asset is approximately thirteen years . Property and Equipment — Property and equipment are stated at cost. Additions and improvements are capitalized while repairs and maintenance are expensed. Depreciation is provided on the straight-line method over the useful life of the related assets beginning when the asset is placed in service. The estimated useful lives of the individual assets are as follows: furniture and fixtures and manufacturing equipment, five years ; office equipment and leasehold improvements, 29 months to five years ; and software, three years . Impairment — Property and equipment and intangible assets are reviewed for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of an asset may not be recoverable. When indicators of impairment are present, the Company evaluates the carrying amount of such assets in relation to the operating performance and future estimated undiscounted net cash flows expected to be generated by the assets. If such assets are considered to be impaired, the impairment to be recognized is measured by the amount by which the carrying amount of the assets exceeds the fair value of the assets. The assessment of the recoverability of assets will be impacted if estimated future operating cash flows are not achieved. Income Taxes — In accordance with the Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB) Accounting Standard Codification (ASC) 740, Income Taxes , the Company recognizes deferred tax assets and liabilities for temporary differences between the financial reporting basis and the tax basis of its assets and liabilities. The Company records a valuation allowance against its net deferred tax asset to reduce the net carrying value to an amount that is more likely than not to be realized. Income tax positions are considered for uncertainty in accordance with ASC 740-10. The Company believes that its income tax filing positions and deductions will be sustained on audit and does not anticipate any adjustments that will result in a material change to its financial position; therefore, no ASC 740-10 liabilities have been recorded. The Company will recognize accrued interest and penalties related to unrecognized tax benefits, if any, as interest expense and income tax expense, respectively, in the consolidated statements of operations. Significant management judgment is involved in determining the provision for income taxes, deferred tax assets and liabilities, and any valuation allowance recorded against net deferred tax assets. Due to uncertainties with respect to the realization of deferred tax assets as a result of the Company's history of operating losses, a valuation allowance has been established against the net deferred tax asset balance. The valuation allowance is based on management’s estimates of taxable income in the jurisdictions in which the Company operates and the period over which deferred tax assets will be recoverable. In the event that actual results differ from these estimates or the Company adjusts these estimates in future periods, a change in the valuation allowance may be needed, which could materially impact the Company’s financial position and results of operations. Research and Development Costs — Research and development costs are expensed as incurred. Research and development expenses were $7,594,000 and $3,904,000 for the year ended December 31, 2014 and 2013, respectively. Stock-Based Compensation — The Company has stock option plans which provide for grants of stock options to employees and directors to purchase shares of the Company’s common stock at exercise prices generally equal to the fair market values of such stock at the dates of grant. Compensation cost is recognized for all share-based awards based on the grant date fair value in accordance with the provisions of ASC 718, Compensation — Stock Compensation . The fair values for the options are estimated at the dates of grant using a Black-Scholes option-pricing model. Additionally, the Company sponsors an employee stock purchase plan under which employees may elect payroll withholdings to fund purchases of the Company’s stock at a discount. The Company estimates the fair value of the option to purchase shares of the Company’s common stock using the Black-Scholes valuation model and recognizes compensation expense in accordance with the provisions of ASC 718-50, Employee Share Purchase Plans . Derivative Financial Instruments — The Company generally does not use derivative instruments to hedge exposures to cash flow or market risks. However, certain warrants to purchase Series A convertible Preferred Stock or common stock that do not meet the requirements for classification as equity, in accordance with the Derivatives and Hedging Topic of the ASC, are classified as liabilities. In such instances, net-cash settlement is assumed for financial reporting purposes, even when the terms of the underlying contracts do not provide for a net-cash settlement. These warrants were considered derivative instruments at issuance because the agreements provide for settlement in Series A Convertible Preferred Shares or common shares at the option of the holder, an adjustment to the warrant exercise price for common shares at some point in the future, and contain anti-dilution provisions whereby the number of shares for which the warrants are exercisable and/or the exercise price of the warrants are subject to change in the event of certain issuances of stock at prices below the then-effective exercise price of the warrants. The warrant exercise price no longer can be adjusted at some point in the future. The primary underlying risk exposure pertaining to the warrants is the change in fair value of the underlying common stock. Such financial instruments are initially recorded at fair value with subsequent changes in fair value recorded as a component of change in fair value of derivative warrant liability in the consolidated statements of operations in each reporting period. If these instruments subsequently meet the requirements for equity classification, the Company reclassifies the fair value to equity. At December 31, 2014 and 2013, these warrants represented the only outstanding derivative instruments issued or held by the Company. Fair Value of Financial Instruments — The carrying amounts of the Company’s financial instruments, including cash and cash equivalents and current assets and liabilities approximate their fair value because of their short maturities. The weighted average interest rate of the Company’s notes payable approximates the rate at which the Company could obtain alternative financing; therefore, the carrying amount of the note approximates the fair value. The Company uses the Black-Scholes option pricing model and assumptions that consider, among other variables, the fair value of the underlying stock, risk-free interest rate, volatility, expected life and dividend rates in estimating fair value for the warrants considered to be derivative instruments. Translation Policy - The U.S. dollar is the functional currency for Alimera Sciences, Inc. The Euro is the functional currency for the majority of the Company's subsidiaries operating outside of the U.S. For Alimera Sciences, Inc., foreign currency assets and liabilities are remeasured into U.S. dollars at end-of-period exchange rates, except for non-monetary balance sheet accounts, which are remeasured at historical exchange rates. Revenue and expenses are remeasured at average exchange rates in effect during each period, except for those expenses related to the non-monetary balance sheet amounts, which are remeasured at historical exchange rates. Gains or losses from foreign currency remeasurement are included in the statement of operations. The financial statements of the foreign subsidiaries whose functional currency is not the U.S. dollar, have been translated into U.S. dollars in accordance with ASC 830-30, Translation of Financial Statements . For the subsidiaries operating outside of the U.S. that are denominated in the Euro, assets and liabilities are translated at end-of-period rates while revenues and expenses are translated at average rates in effect during the period in which the activity took place. Equity is translated at historical rates and the resulting cumulative translation adjustments are included as a component of accumulated other comprehensive income. Earnings (Loss) Per Share (EPS) — Basic EPS is calculated in accordance with ASC 260, Earnings per Share by dividing net income or loss attributable to common stockholders by the weighted average common stock outstanding. Diluted EPS is calculated in accordance with ASC 260 by adjusting weighted average common shares outstanding for the dilutive effect of common stock options, warrants, convertible preferred stock and accrued but unpaid convertible preferred stock dividends. In periods where a net loss is recorded, no effect is given to potentially dilutive securities, since the effect would be anti-dilutive. Common stock equivalent securities that would potentially dilute basic EPS in the future, but were not included in the computation of diluted EPS because to do so would have been anti-dilutive, were as follows: Years Ended December 31, 2014 2013 Series A convertible preferred stock 9,022,556 15,037,594 Series B convertible preferred stock 8,416,251 — Series A convertible preferred stock warrants 4,511,279 4,511,279 Common stock warrants 362,970 109,772 Stock options 7,681,256 7,566,437 Total 29,994,312 27,225,082 Reporting Segments — The Company determines operating segments in accordance with its internal operating structure. The Company’s chief operating decision maker is the Chief Executive Officer (CEO). While the CEO is apprised of a variety of financial metrics and information, the business is principally managed and organized based upon geographic and regulatory environment. Each segment is separately managed and is evaluated primarily upon net loss from operations. The Company does not report balance sheet information by segment since it is not reviewed by the Company’s chief operating decision maker. The Company has two reportable segments, the U.S. and International. Previously, the business was managed on an aggregate basis. During the second quarter of 2015, the CEO began managing the Company's operations as two operating business segments. As a result of the retrospective presentation and disclosure requirements under U.S. GAAP for changes in segment reporting, the Company is required to reflect the change in presentation and disclosure for all periods presented. As such, the Company has presented in Note 18, Segment Information, the financial results for the years ended December 31, 2014 and 2013. Promotional and Advertising Costs — Promotional and advertising costs are expensed as incurred. Recent Accounting Pronouncements — In May 2014, the FASB issued Accounting Standards Update (ASU) 2014-09, Revenue from Contracts with Customers (Topic 606) . ASU 2014-09 provides a single, comprehensive revenue recognition model for all contracts with customers. The revenue guidance contains principles that an entity will apply to determine the measurement of revenue and timing of when it is recognized. The underlying principle is that an entity will recognize revenue to depict the transfer of goods or services to customers at an amount that the entity expects to be entitled to in exchange for those goods or services. The standard will be effective for the first interim period within annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2016 for public entities, with no early adoption permitted. The Company is still evaluating the potential impact of adopting this guidance on its financial statements. In June 2014, the FASB issued ASU 2014-12, Compensation Stock - Compensation (Topic 718) . ASU 2014-12 applies to all reporting entities that grant their employees share-based payments in which the terms of the award provide that a performance target that affects vesting could be achieved after the requisite service period. It requires that a performance target that affects vesting and that could be achieved after the requisite service period be treated as a performance condition and follows existing accounting guidance for the treatment of performance conditions. The standard will be effective for annual periods and interim periods within those annual periods beginning after December 15, 2015, with early adoption permitted. The Company is still evaluating the potential impact of adopting this guidance on its financial statements. In August 2014, the FASB issued ASU 2014-15, Presentation of Financial Statements-Going Concern. ASU 2014-15 provides guidance around management’s responsibility to evaluate whether there is substantial doubt about an entity’s ability to continue as a going concern and to provide related footnote disclosures. For each reporting period, management will be required to evaluate whether there are conditions or events that raise substantial doubt about a company’s ability to continue as a going concern within one year from the date the financial statements are issued. The new standard is effective for fiscal years, and interim periods within those fiscal years, beginning after December 15, 2016. Early adoption is permitted. The Company is still evaluating the potential impact of adopting this guidance on its financial statements. |