Stock-based Compensation Expense | 6. Stock-based Compensation Expense 2014 Equity Incentive Plan In July 2014, the Company’s board of directors approved the 2014 Equity Incentive Plan (the “2014 Plan”), which became effective upon the Company’s Initial Public Offering (“IPO”). The number of shares of common stock reserved for issuance under the 2014 Plan will automatically increase on January 1 of each year, beginning on January 1, 2015, and continuing through and including January 1, 2024, by 3% of the total number of shares of the Company’s capital stock outstanding on December 31 of the preceding calendar year, or a lesser number of shares determined by the Company’s board of directors. On January 1, 2017, the total number of shares of common stock reserved for issuance increased by 860,019 shares to 7,156,121 shares. The 2014 Plan allows the Company to grant stock options, stock appreciation rights, restricted stock, restricted stock units and certain other awards to individuals who are employees, officers, directors or consultants of the Company. In January 2017, the Company began issuing restricted stock units (“RSUs”). The RSUs generally vest annually over three years. A summary of the Company’s stock option activity and related information (options in thousands): Nine Months Ended September 30, 2017 Options Weighted Average Outstanding, beginning of period 3,585 $ 14.81 Granted 1,210 15.20 Exercised (638 ) 7.50 Forfeited (191 ) 19.35 Expired (4 ) 2.60 Outstanding, end of period 3,962 15.90 Exercisable 1,865 14.39 As of September 30, 2017, the aggregate pre-tax intrinsic value of options outstanding was $60.4 million and options outstanding and exercisable was $31.3 million, the weighted-average remaining contractual term of options outstanding was 8.1 years and options outstanding and exercisable was 7.3 years. The aggregate pre-tax intrinsic value of options exercised was $11.2 million and $5.1 million during the nine months ended September 30, 2017 and 2016, respectively. A summary of the Company’s RSU activity and related information (RSUs in thousands): Nine Months Ended RSUs Weighted Average Outstanding, beginning of period — $ — Awarded 288 13.74 Forfeited (10 ) 16.65 Outstanding, end of period 278 13.64 As of September 30, 2017, the aggregate pre-tax intrinsic value of RSUs outstanding was $8.7 million, calculated based on the closing price of the Company’s common stock at the end of the period, and the weighted-average remaining contractual term of RSUs outstanding was 2.2 years. Total stock-based compensation expense by award type (in thousands): Three Months Ended Nine Months Ended September 30, September 30, 2017 2016 2017 2016 Stock options (including ESPP) $ 2,157 $ 1,801 $ 6,395 $ 5,628 RSUs 348 — 882 — $ 2,505 $ 1,801 $ 7,277 $ 5,628 Total stock-based compensation expense as it related to the Company’s condensed statements of operations (in thousands): Three Months Ended Nine Months Ended September 30, September 30, 2017 2016 2017 2016 Cost of sales $ 222 $ 176 $ 670 $ 528 Selling, general and administrative 1,863 1,337 5,387 4,238 Research and development 420 288 1,220 862 $ 2,505 $ 1,801 $ 7,277 $ 5,628 As of September 30, 2017, the amount of unearned stock-based compensation currently estimated to be expensed through the year 2021 related to unvested employee stock-based awards was $19.8 million and the weighted average period over which the unearned stock-based compensation is expected to be recognized was 2.5 years. If there are any modifications or cancellations of the underlying unvested securities, the Company may be required to accelerate, increase or cancel any remaining unearned stock-based compensation expense. Future stock-based compensation expense and unearned stock-based compensation will increase to the extent that the Company grants additional share-based payments. The fair value of options granted to employees and/or directors during the periods presented below were estimated as of the grant date using the Black-Scholes model assuming the following weighted average assumptions: Three Months Ended Nine Months Ended September 30, September 30, 2017 2016 2017 2016 Expected term (years) 6.0 6.0 6.0 6.0 Expected volatility 45 % 44 % 45 % 44 % Risk-free interest rate 2.0 % 1.2 % 2.1 % 1.5 % Dividend yield 0.0 % 0.0 % 0.0 % 0.0 % Fair value $ 12.78 $ 6.24 $ 6.86 $ 7.90 The fair value of RSUs is estimated using the Company’s stock price on the grant date. 2014 Employee Stock Purchase Plan In July 2014, the Company’s board of directors approved the 2014 Employee Stock Purchase Plan (“2014 ESPP”). The 2014 ESPP became effective on the effective date of the IPO. A total of 496,092 shares were initially reserved for issuance under the 2014 ESPP. During the nine months ended September 30, 2017 and 2016, 74,791 and 67,755 shares were issued, respectively. The fair value of options granted under the 2014 ESPP to employees was estimated as of the grant date using the Black-Scholes model assuming the following weighted average assumptions: Three Months Ended Nine Months Ended September 30, September 30, 2017 2016 2017 2016 Expected term (years) 1.3 1.3 1.3 1.3 Expected volatility 44 % 49 % 44 % 49 % Risk-free interest rate 1.2 % 0.6 % 1.2 % 0.6 % Dividend yield 0.0 % 0.0 % 0.0 % 0.0 % Fair value $ 8.08 $ 4.53 $ 8.08 $ 4.53 |