Assured Guaranty 8K Condensed Combined Financial Statements | AGO 30 Aug 18

Exhibit 99.1

Assured Guaranty Municipal Corp.

Condensed Combined Financial Statements

(Unaudited)

June 30, 2018

ASSURED GUARANTY MUNICIPAL CORP.

INDEX TO CONDENSED COMBINED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS



	Page
Condensed Combined Balance Sheets (unaudited) as of June 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017	1
Condensed Combined Statements of Operations (unaudited) for the Three Months and Six Months Ended June 30, 2018 and 2017	2
Condensed Combined Statements of Comprehensive Income (unaudited) for the Three Months and Six Months Ended June 30, 2018 and 2017	3
Condensed Combined Statements of Shareholder's Equity (unaudited) for the Six Months Ended June 30, 2018 and 2017	4
Condensed Combined Statements of Cash Flows (unaudited) for the Six Months Ended June 30, 2018 and 2017	5
Notes to the Condensed Combined Financial Statements (unaudited)	6

Assured Guaranty Municipal Corp.

Condensed Combined Balance Sheets (unaudited)

(dollars in millions except per share and share amounts)



	As of June 30, 2018			As of December 31, 2017
Assets
Investment portfolio:
Fixed-maturity securities, available-for-sale, at fair value (amortized cost of $5,440 and $5,479)	$	5,503		$	5,659
Short-term investments, at fair value	383			364
Other invested assets (includes Surplus Note from affiliate of $300 and $300)	373			378
Total investment portfolio	6,259			6,401
Cash	41			36
Premiums receivable	705			730
Ceded unearned premium reserve	703			757
Reinsurance recoverable on unpaid losses	189			227
Salvage and subrogation recoverable	271			297
Financial guaranty variable interest entities’ assets, at fair value	515			577
Other assets	170			159
Total assets	$	8,853		$	9,184
Liabilities and shareholder's equity
Unearned premium reserve	$	2,656		$	2,746
Loss and loss adjustment expense reserve	858			931
Reinsurance balances payable, net	173			197
Current income tax payable	89			121
Financial guaranty variable interest entities’ liabilities with recourse, at fair value	452			495
Financial guaranty variable interest entities’ liabilities without recourse, at fair value	106			128
Other liabilities	323			316
Total liabilities	4,657			4,934
Commitments and contingencies (see Note 14)
Preferred stock ($1,000 par value, 5,000.1 shares authorized; 0 shares issued and outstanding)	—			—
Common stock ($92,025 par value, 163 shares authorized, issued and outstanding)	15			15
Additional paid-in capital	702			702
Retained earnings	3,264			3,199
Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax provision of $5 and $32	(4		)	118
Total shareholder's equity attributable to Assured Guaranty Municipal Corp.	3,977			4,034
Noncontrolling interest	219			216
Total shareholder's equity	4,196			4,250
Total liabilities and shareholder's equity	$	8,853		$	9,184

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these condensed combined financial statements.

Assured Guaranty Municipal Corp.

Condensed Combined Statements of Operations (unaudited)

(in millions)



	Three Months Ended June 30,						Six Months Ended June 30,
	2018			2017			2018			2017
Revenues
Net earned premiums	$	81		$	87		$	157		$	165
Net investment income	53			60			104			118
Net realized investment gains (losses):
Other-than-temporary impairment losses	(2		)	(1		)	(12		)	(2		)
Less: portion of other-than-temporary impairment loss recognized in other comprehensive income	(1		)	4			(3		)	11
Net impairment loss	(1		)	(5		)	(9		)	(13		)
Other net realized investment gains (losses)	3			23			8			24
Net realized investment gains (losses)	2			18			(1		)	11
Net change in fair value of credit derivatives:
Realized gains (losses) and other settlements	0			2			0			16
Net unrealized gains (losses)	2			(1		)	1			6
Net change in fair value of credit derivatives	2			1			1			22
Fair value gains (losses) on financial guaranty variable interest entities	2			10			4			18
Commutation gains (losses)	(18		)	—			(17		)	73
Foreign exchange gain (loss) on remeasurement	(33		)	20			(12		)	31
Other income (loss)	0			5			(1		)	5
Total revenues	89			201			235			443
Expenses
Loss and loss adjustment expenses	44			40			36			56
Amortization of deferred ceding commissions	(3		)	(3		)	(5		)	(7		)
Other operating expenses	30			32			67			68
Total expenses	71			69			98			117
Income (loss) before income taxes	18			132			137			326
Provision (benefit) for income taxes
Current	7			10			(1		)	77
Deferred	(3		)	16			14			5
Total provision (benefit) for income taxes	4			26			13			82
Net income (loss)	14			106			124			244
Less: Noncontrolling interest	6			6			13			14
Net income (loss) attributable to Assured Guaranty Municipal Corp.	$	8		$	100		$	111		$	230

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these condensed combined financial statements.

Assured Guaranty Municipal Corp.

Condensed Combined Statements of Comprehensive Income (unaudited)

(in millions)



	Three Months Ended June 30,					Six Months Ended June 30,
	2018			2017		2018			2017
Net income (loss)	$	14		$	106	$	124		$	244
Unrealized holding gains (losses) arising during the period on:
Investments with no other-than-temporary impairment, net of tax provision (benefit) of $(2), $13, $(21) and $29	(47		)	27		(90		)	58
Investments with other-than-temporary impairment, net of tax provision (benefit) of $1, $4, $(1) and $12	4			8		(5		)	23
Unrealized holding gains (losses) arising during the period, net of tax	(43		)	35		(95		)	81
Less: reclassification adjustment for gains (losses) included in net income (loss), net of tax provision (benefit) of $0, $7, $(1) and $4	2			11		1			8
Change in net unrealized gains (losses) on investments	(45		)	24		(96		)	73

Net unrealized gains (losses) arising during the period on financial guaranty variable interest entities' liabilities with recourse attributable to changes in instrument-specific credit risk, net of tax provision (benefit) of $0 and $(1) (see Note 1)	2			—		(1		)	—
Less: reclassification adjustment for gains (losses) included in net income (loss), net of tax provision (benefit) of $(1) and $(2)	(1		)	—		(2		)	—
Change in net unrealized gains (losses) on financial guaranty variable interest entities' liabilities with recourse	3			—		1			—

Change in cumulative translation adjustment, net of tax provision (benefit) of $(2), $(2), $0 and $(1)	(8		)	11		(4		)	12
Comprehensive income (loss)	(36		)	141		25			329
Less: Comprehensive income (loss) attributable to noncontrolling interest	5			6		9			16
Comprehensive income (loss) attributable to Assured Guaranty Municipal Corp.	$	(41	)	$	135	$	16		$	313

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these condensed combined financial statements.

Assured Guaranty Municipal Corp.

Condensed Combined Statements of Shareholder's Equity (unaudited)

For the Six Months Ended June 30, 2018

(dollars in millions, except share data)



	Assured Guaranty Municipal Corp. Common Shares Outstanding	Common Stock Par Value		Additional Paid-in Capital		Retained Earnings			Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss)			Total Shareholder's Equity Attributable to Assured Guaranty Municipal Corp.			Noncontrolling Interest			Total Shareholder's Equity
Balance at December 31, 2017	163	$	15	$	702	$	3,199		$	118		$	4,034		$	216		$	4,250
Net income	—	—		—		111			—			111			13			124
Dividends	—	—		—		(73		)	—			(73		)	(6		)	(79		)
Other comprehensive loss	—	—		—		—			(95		)	(95		)	(4		)	(99		)
Effect of adoption of ASU 2016-01 (see Note 1)	—	—		—		27			(27		)	—			—			—
Balance at June 30, 2018	163	$	15	$	702	$	3,264		$	(4	)	$	3,977		$	219		$	4,196

For the Six Months Ended June 30, 2017

(dollars in millions, except share data)



	Assured Guaranty Municipal Corp. Common Shares Outstanding	Common Stock Par Value			Additional Paid-In Capital		Retained Earnings			Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income		Total Shareholder's Equity Attributable to Assured Guaranty Municipal Corp.			Noncontrolling Interest			Total Shareholder's Equity
Balance at December 31, 2016	205	$	77		$	778	$	3,019		$	12	$	3,886		$	295		$	4,181
Net income	—	—			—		230			—		230			14			244
Dividends	—	—			—		(79		)	—		(79		)	(9		)	(88		)
Other comprehensive income	—	—			—		—			83		83			2			85
Effect of common control acquisitions (see Note 2)	—	(62		)	24		—			—		(38		)	—			(38		)
Balance at June 30, 2017	205	$	15		$	802	$	3,170		$	95	$	4,082		$	302		$	4,384

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these condensed combined financial statements.

Assured Guaranty Municipal Corp.

Condensed Combined Statements of Cash Flows (unaudited)

(in millions)



	Six Months Ended June 30,
	2018			2017
Net cash flows provided by (used in) operating activities	$	61		$	235
Investing activities
Fixed-maturity securities:
Purchases	(514		)	(551		)
Sales	187			418
Maturities	373			270
Net sales (purchases) of short-term investments	(17		)	(198		)
Net proceeds from paydowns on financial guaranty variable interest entities’ assets	47			62
Effect of common control combination for acquisitions (see Note 2)	—			72
Cash paid to acquire European Subsidiaries from affiliate	—			(139		)
Other	(1		)	(19		)
Net cash flows provided by (used in) investing activities	75			(85		)
Financing activities
Dividends paid to Assured Guaranty Municipal Holdings Inc.	(73		)	(79		)
Dividends paid to Assured Guaranty Corp. (see Note 11)	(6		)	(9		)
Repayment of notes payable	(1		)	(1		)
Net paydowns of financial guaranty variable interest entities' liabilities	(47		)	(67		)
Net cash flows provided by (used in) financing activities	(127		)	(156		)
Effect of foreign exchange rate changes	(1		)	5
Increase (decrease) in cash and restricted cash	8			(1		)
Cash and restricted cash at beginning of period (see Note 10)	36			40
Cash and restricted cash at end of period (see Note 10)	$	44		$	39
Supplemental cash flow information
Cash paid (received) during the period for:
Income taxes	$	38		$	(3	)
Interest on notes payable	$	0		$	0

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these condensed combined financial statements.

Assured Guaranty Municipal Corp.

Notes to Condensed Combined Financial Statements (unaudited)

June 30, 2018

1. Business and Basis of Presentation

Business

Assured Guaranty Municipal Corp. (AGM, or together with its subsidiaries, the Company), a New York domiciled insurance company, is a wholly owned subsidiary of Assured Guaranty Municipal Holdings Inc. (AGMH). AGMH is an indirect, wholly owned subsidiary of Assured Guaranty Ltd. (AGL and, together with its subsidiaries, Assured Guaranty). AGL is a Bermuda-based holding company that provides, through its operating subsidiaries, credit protection products to the United States (U.S.) and international public finance (including infrastructure) and structured finance markets. AGM was formerly known as Financial Security Assurance Inc.

The Company applies its credit underwriting judgment, risk management skills and capital markets experience primarily to offer financial guaranty insurance that protects holders of debt instruments and other monetary obligations from defaults in scheduled payments. If an obligor defaults on a scheduled payment due on an obligation, including a scheduled principal or interest payment (debt service), the Company is required under its unconditional and irrevocable financial guaranty to pay the amount of the shortfall to the holder of the obligation. Obligations insured by the Company include bonds issued by U.S. state or municipal governmental authorities and notes issued to finance international infrastructure projects. AGM had previously offered insurance and reinsurance in the global structured finance market, but has not done so since mid-2008. AGM and its indirect subsidiary Municipal Assurance Corp. (MAC) each markets its financial guaranty insurance directly to issuers and underwriters of, and investors in, public finance securities. In addition, AGM's direct subsidiary, Assured Guaranty (Europe) plc (AGE, formerly Assured Guaranty (Europe) Ltd.), provides financial guaranties for the international public finance (including infrastructure) market and, with the approval of the United Kingdom (U.K.) Prudential Regulation Authority (PRA), the asset-backed and other structured finance market. AGM provides reinsurance and second-to-pay financial guaranties on financial guaranties provided by AGE for the international public finance (including infrastructure) market. The Company guarantees obligations issued principally in the U.S. and the U.K., and also guarantees obligations issued in other countries and regions, including Australia and Western Europe.

In the past, the Company sold credit protection by issuing policies that guaranteed payment obligations under credit derivatives, primarily credit default swaps (CDS). Contracts accounted for as credit derivatives are generally structured such that the circumstances giving rise to the Company’s obligation to make loss payments are similar to those for financial guaranty insurance contracts. The Company’s credit derivative transactions are governed by International Swaps and Derivative Association, Inc. (ISDA) documentation. The Company has not entered into any new CDS in order to sell credit protection in the U.S. since 2008. Regulatory guidelines were issued in 2009 that limited the terms under which such protection could be sold. The capital and margin requirements applicable under the Dodd-Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act also contributed to the Company not entering into such new CDS in the U.S. since 2009. The Company actively pursues opportunities to terminate existing CDS, which terminations have the effect of reducing future fair value volatility in income and/or reducing rating agency capital charges.

On June 26, 2017, AGM purchased from its affiliate, Assured Guaranty Corp. (AGC), all of the shares of AGC’s direct, wholly owned subsidiaries, Assured Guaranty (UK) plc (AGUK, formerly Assured Guaranty (UK) Ltd.), CIFG Europe S.A. (CIFGE) and Assured Guaranty (London) plc (AGLN, formerly MBIA UK Insurance Ltd.) (collectively, the European Subsidiaries), and then immediately contributed the European Subsidiaries to AGM’s wholly owned subsidiary, AGE. See Note 2, Common Control Acquisitions.

Basis of Presentation

The unaudited interim condensed combined financial statements have been prepared in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (GAAP). In management's opinion, all material adjustments necessary for a fair statement of the financial condition, results of operations and cash flows of the Company and its consolidated variable interest entities (VIEs), are reflected for the periods presented and are of a normal recurring nature. The preparation of financial statements in conformity with GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities as of the date of the financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. Actual results could differ

from those estimates. These unaudited interim condensed combined financial statements are as of June 30, 2018 and cover the three-month period ended June 30, 2018 (Second Quarter 2018), the three-month period ended June 30, 2017 (Second Quarter 2017), the six-month period ended June 30, 2018 (Six Months 2018) and the six-month period ended June 30, 2017 (Six Months 2017). Certain financial information that is normally included in annual financial statements prepared in accordance with GAAP, but is not required for interim reporting purposes, has been condensed or omitted. The year-end condensed combined balance sheet data was derived from audited financial statements but does not include all disclosures required by GAAP.

The unaudited interim condensed combined financial statements include the accounts of AGM, its direct and indirect subsidiaries, and its consolidated financial guaranty variable interest entities (FG VIEs). In addition, amounts for all periods prior to June 26, 2017 have been retrospectively adjusted to include the European Subsidiaries from the date the common control began for each subsidiary (combined basis). See Note 2, Common Control Acquisitions for additional information.

Intercompany accounts and transactions between and among all consolidated and combined entities have been eliminated. Certain prior year balances have been reclassified to conform to the current year's presentation.

These unaudited interim condensed combined financial statements should be read in conjunction with the annual combined financial statements of AGM included in Exhibit 99.1 in AGL's Form 8-K dated March 20, 2018, filed with the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC).

AGM owns 100% of AGE, organized in the U.K., and 60.7% of Municipal Assurance Holdings Inc. (MAC Holdings), incorporated in Delaware. AGM's affiliate, AGC owns the remaining 39.3% of MAC Holdings. MAC Holdings owns 100% of MAC, domiciled in New York.

Adopted Accounting Standards

Financial Instruments

In January 2016, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB) issued Accounting Standards Update (ASU) 2016-01, Financial Instruments - Overall (Subtopic 825-10) - Recognition and Measurement of Financial Assets and Financial Liabilities. The amendments in this ASU are intended to make targeted improvements to GAAP by addressing certain aspects of recognition, measurement, presentation, and disclosure of financial instruments. Amendments under this ASU apply to the Company's financial guaranty variable interest entities (FG VIEs’) liabilities, which the Company has historically elected to measure through the statement of operations under the fair value option, and to certain equity securities in the Company’s investment portfolio.

For FG VIEs' liabilities with recourse, the portion of the change in fair value caused by changes in instrument specific credit risk (ISCR) (i.e., in the case of FG VIEs' liabilities, the Company's own credit risk) must now be separately presented in other comprehensive income (OCI) as opposed to the statement of operations. See Note 9, Consolidated Variable Interest Entities for additional information.

Amendments under this ASU also apply to equity securities, except those that are accounted for under the equity method of accounting or that resulted in consolidation of the investee by the Company. For equity securities accounted for at fair value, changes in fair value that previously were recorded in OCI, are recorded in other income in the statements of operations effective January 1, 2018. Equity securities carried at cost as of December 31, 2017, are recorded at cost less impairment plus or minus the change resulting from observable price changes in orderly transactions for the identical or a similar investment of the same issuer. See Note 10, Investments and Cash for additional information.

Effective January 1, 2018, the Company adopted this ASU with a cumulative-effect adjustment to the statement of financial position as of January 1, 2018. This resulted in a reclassification of a $27 million loss, net of tax, from retained earnings to accumulated OCI (AOCI). See Note 16, Other Comprehensive Income, for additional information.

Income Taxes

In October 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-16, Income Taxes (Topic 740) - Intra-Entity Transfers of Assets Other Than Inventory, which removed the prohibition against immediate recognition of the current and deferred income tax effects of intra-entity transfers of assets other than inventory. Under the ASU, the selling (transferring) entity is required to recognize a current income tax expense or benefit upon transfer of the asset. Similarly, the purchasing (receiving) entity is required to recognize a deferred tax asset or deferred tax liability, as well as the related deferred tax benefit or expense, upon receipt of the

asset. The ASU is applied on a modified retrospective basis (i.e., by recording a cumulative effect adjustment to the statement of financial position as of the beginning of the first reporting period in which the guidance is adopted). The ASU was adopted on January 1, 2018 with no material effect on the condensed combined financial statements.

Future Application of Accounting Standards

Premium Amortization on Purchased Callable Debt Securities

In March 2017, the FASB issued ASU 2017-08, Receivables-Nonrefundable Fees and Other Costs (Topic 310-20) - Premium Amortization on Purchased Callable Debt Securities. This ASU shortens the amortization period for the premium on certain purchased callable debt securities to the earliest call date. This ASU has no effect on the accounting for purchased callable debt securities held at a discount. It is to be applied using a modified retrospective approach, and the ASU is effective for fiscal years, and interim periods within those fiscal years, beginning after December 15, 2018. The Company does not expect this ASU to have a material effect on its financial statements.

Leases

In February 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-02, Leases (Topic 842). Subsequent to the issuance of this ASU, Topic 842 was amended by various updates that clarified the impact and implementation of ASU 2016-02. Collectively, these updates will require lessees to present right-of-use assets and lease liabilities on the balance sheet. The Company currently accounts for its lease agreements, where the Company is the lessee, as operating leases and, therefore, does not record these leases on its balance sheet. While the Company is still evaluating the impact of adopting Topic 842 on its financial statements, including the practical expedients it may elect at adoption and the determination of the incremental borrowing rate, the analysis conducted to date indicates that there will be an increase in assets and liabilities on the Company’s balance sheet as a result of the right-of-use assets and lease liabilities that will be recorded upon adoption, primarily related to Company’s office space lease. These updates will be applied using a modified retrospective approach and are effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2018, including interim periods within those fiscal years. The Company intends to adopt these updates on January 1, 2019.

Credit Losses on Financial Instruments

In June 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-13, Financial Instruments - Credit Losses (Topic 326): Measurement of Credit Losses on Financial Instruments. The amendments in this ASU are intended to improve financial reporting by requiring timelier recording of credit losses on loans and other financial instruments held by financial institutions and other organizations. The ASU requires the measurement of all expected credit losses for financial assets held at the reporting date based on historical experience, current conditions, and reasonable and supportable forecasts. Financial institutions will be required to use forward-looking information to better inform their credit loss estimates as a result of the ASU. While many of the loss estimation techniques applied today will still be permitted, the inputs to those techniques will change to reflect the full amount of expected credit losses. The ASU requires enhanced disclosures to help investors and other financial statement users better understand significant estimates and judgments used in estimating credit losses, as well as credit quality and underwriting standards of an organization’s portfolio.

In addition, the ASU amends the accounting for credit losses on available-for-sale securities and purchased financial assets with credit deterioration. The ASU also eliminates the concept of “other than temporary” from the impairment model for certain available-for-sale securities. Accordingly, the ASU states that an entity must use an allowance approach, must limit the allowance to an amount by which the security’s fair value is less than its amortized cost basis, may not consider the length of time fair value has been less than amortized cost, and may not consider recoveries in fair value after the balance sheet date when assessing whether a credit loss exists. For purchased financial assets with credit deterioration, the ASU requires an entity’s method for measuring credit losses to be consistent with its method for measuring expected losses for originated and purchased non-credit-deteriorated assets.

The ASU is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2019, including interim periods within those fiscal years. For reinsurance recoverables, premiums receivable and debt instruments such as loans and held to maturity securities, entities will be required to record a cumulative-effect adjustment to the statement of financial position as of the beginning of the first reporting period in which the guidance is adopted. The changes to the impairment model for available-for-sale securities and changes to purchased financial assets with credit deterioration are to be applied prospectively. The Company is evaluating the effect that this ASU will have on its financial statements.

Targeted Improvements to the Accounting for Long-Duration Contracts

In August 2018, the FASB issued ASU 2018-12, Financial Services - Insurance (Topic 944): Targeted Improvements to the Accounting for Long-Duration Contracts. The amendments in this ASU 1) improve the timeliness of recognizing changes in the liability for future policy benefits and modify the rate used to discount future cash flows, 2) simplify and improve the accounting for certain market-based options or guarantees associated with deposit (or account balance) contracts, 3) simplify the amortization of deferred acquisition costs, and 4) improve the effectiveness of the required disclosures. This ASU is effective for fiscal years, and interim periods within those fiscal years, beginning after December 15, 2020. Early adoption of the amendments is permitted. The Company is in the process of determining what, if any, impact this ASU will have on its financial statements.

Changes to the Disclosure Requirements for Fair Value Measurement

In August 2018, the FASB issued ASU 2018-13, Fair Value Measurement (Topic 820): Disclosure Framework - Changes to the Disclosure Requirements for Fair Value Measurement. This ASU removed, modified and added additional disclosure requirements on fair value measurements in Topic 820. This ASU is effective for fiscal years, and interim periods within those fiscal years, beginning after December 15, 2019. Certain amendments will be applied prospectively for only the most recent interim or annual period presented in the initial fiscal year of adoption. All other amendments will be applied retrospectively to all periods presented upon their effective date. Early adoption is permitted. An entity is permitted to early adopt any removed or modified disclosures upon issuance of this ASU and delay adoption of the additional disclosures until their effective date. The Company intends to adopt this ASU on January 1, 2020.


2.	Common Control Acquisitions

The purchase of the European Subsidiaries on June 26, 2017 was an initial step in Assured Guaranty's efforts to merge the operations of its four affiliated European insurance companies (the European Subsidiaries and AGE). The acquisition from AGC of the European Subsidiaries was approved by the New York State Department of Financial Services, the Maryland Insurance Administration and the PRA. While Assured Guaranty, the European Subsidiaries and AGE received regulatory approvals for this initial step of the proposed combination of the European Subsidiaries and AGE, that combination is subject to further regulatory approvals and to certain court approvals. As a result, the Company cannot predict whether, or when, such combination will be completed.

As the Company and the European Subsidiaries were under common control at the time of the acquisition, it is required under U.S. GAAP to account for this acquisition in a method that is similar to the pooling-of-interests method. Under this method of accounting, AGM's combined financial statements and disclosures reflect the European Subsidiaries' historical carryover basis in the assets and liabilities instead of reflecting the fair value of the assets and liabilities.

The financial statements and disclosures for all periods presented in this report prior to June 26, 2017 have been retrospectively adjusted, as applicable, to reflect the combination of AGM and the European Subsidiaries as if the combinations had been in effect from the date common control began for each of the subsidiaries. As such, AGUK and CIFGE are reflected within these financial statements for all periods presented, while AGLN is reflected for the periods subsequent to its purchase by Assured Guaranty on January 10, 2017.

See Note 2, Common Control Acquisitions, in the annual combined financial statements of AGM included in Exhibit 99.1 in AGL's Form 8-K dated March 20, 2018, filed with the SEC, for additional information.

3. Ratings

The financial strength ratings (or similar ratings) for AGM and its insurance company subsidiaries, along with the date of the most recent rating action (or confirmation) by the rating agency, are shown in the table below. Ratings are subject to continuous rating agency review and revision or withdrawal at any time. In addition, AGM periodically assesses the value of each rating assigned to it and its insurance company subsidiaries, and as a result of such assessment may request that a rating agency add or drop a rating.



	S&P Global Ratings, a division of Standard & Poor’s Financial Services LLC	Kroll Bond Rating Agency	Moody’s Investors Service Inc.
AGM	AA (stable) (6/26/18)	AA+ (stable) (1/23/18)	A2 (stable) (5/7/18)
MAC	AA (stable) (6/26/18)	AA+ (stable) (7/12/18)	—
AGE	AA (stable) (6/26/18)	—	A2 (stable) (5/7/18)
AGUK	AA (stable) (6/26/18)	—	(1)
AGLN	BB (positive) (6/26/18)	—	(2)
CIFGE	—	—	—

____________________


(1)	AGC requested that Moody’s Investors Service, Inc. (Moody's) withdraw its financial strength ratings of AGC and AGUK in January 2017, but Moody's denied that request. Moody’s continues to rate AGC A3 (stable) and AGUK A3. Moody's put AGUK on review for upgrade on June 27, 2017, following its transfer to AGM.


(2)	Assured Guaranty did not request that Moody's rate AGLN. Moody's continues to rate AGLN, and upgraded its rating to Baa2 (stable) on January 13, 2017, following its acquisition by AGC, and then to Baa1 on review for further upgrade on June 27, 2017, following its transfer to AGM.

There can be no assurance that any of the rating agencies will not take negative action on the financial strength ratings (or similar ratings) of AGM or its insurance subsidiaries in the future.

For a discussion of the effects of rating actions on the Company, see Note 6, Contracts Accounted for as Insurance, and Note 13, Reinsurance and Other Monoline Exposures.

4. Outstanding Exposure

The Company primarily writes financial guaranty contracts in insurance form. Until 2008, the Company also wrote some of its financial guaranty contracts in credit derivative form. Whether written as an insurance contract or as a credit derivative, the Company considers these financial guaranty contracts. The Company seeks to limit its exposure to losses by underwriting obligations that it views as investment grade at inception, although on occasion it may underwrite new issuances that it views as below-investment-grade (BIG), typically as part of its loss mitigation strategy for existing troubled exposures. The Company diversifies its insured portfolio across asset classes and, in the structured finance portfolio, typically requires rigorous subordination or collateralization requirements. Reinsurance may be used in order to reduce net exposure to certain insured transactions.

The Company has issued financial guaranty insurance policies on public finance obligations and, prior to mid-2008, structured finance obligations. Public finance obligations insured by the Company consist primarily of general obligation bonds supported by the taxing powers of U.S. state or municipal governmental authorities, as well as tax-supported bonds, revenue bonds and other obligations supported by covenants from state or municipal governmental authorities or other municipal obligors to impose and collect fees and charges for public services or specific infrastructure projects. The Company also includes within public finance obligations those obligations backed by the cash flow from leases or other revenues from projects serving substantial public purposes, including utilities, toll roads, health care facilities and government office buildings. The Company also includes within public finance similar obligations issued by territorial and non-U.S. sovereign and sub-sovereign issuers and governmental authorities.

Structured finance obligations insured by the Company are generally issued by special purpose entities, including VIEs, and backed by pools of assets having an ascertainable cash flow or market value or other specialized financial obligations. Some of these VIEs are consolidated as described in Note 9, Consolidated Variable Interest Entities. Unless otherwise specified, the outstanding par and debt service amounts presented in this note include outstanding exposures on VIEs whether or not they are consolidated. While AGM has ceased insuring new originations of asset-backed securities, a significant portfolio of such obligations remains outstanding. AGM's wholly owned subsidiary, AGE, provides financial guarantees in the international public finance market and intends to provide such guarantees in the international structured finance market.

Debt service and par outstanding exposures presented in these financial statements include 100% of the exposures of AGM and its consolidated subsidiaries AGE, the European Subsidiaries and MAC, despite the fact that AGM indirectly owns only 60.7% of MAC.

Surveillance Categories

The Company segregates its insured portfolio into investment grade and BIG surveillance categories to facilitate the appropriate allocation of resources to monitoring and loss mitigation efforts and to aid in establishing the appropriate cycle for periodic review for each exposure. BIG exposures include all exposures with internal credit ratings below BBB-. The Company’s internal credit ratings are based on internal assessments of the likelihood of default and loss severity in the event of default. Internal credit ratings are expressed on a ratings scale similar to that used by the rating agencies and are generally reflective of an approach similar to that employed by the rating agencies, except that the Company's internal credit ratings focus on future performance, rather than lifetime performance.

The Company monitors its insured portfolio and refreshes its internal credit ratings on individual exposures in quarterly, semi-annual or annual cycles based on the Company’s view of the exposure’s quality, loss potential, volatility and sector. Ratings on exposures in sectors identified as under the most stress or with the most potential volatility are reviewed every quarter.

Exposures identified as BIG are subjected to further review to determine the probability of a loss. See Note 5, Expected Loss to be Paid, for additional information. Surveillance personnel then assign each BIG transaction to the appropriate BIG surveillance category based upon whether a future loss is expected and whether a claim has been paid. The Company uses a tax-equivalent yield, which reflects long-term trends in interest rates, to calculate the present value of projected payments and recoveries and determine whether a future loss is expected in order to assign the appropriate BIG surveillance category to a transaction. On the other hand, the Company uses risk-free rates, which are determined each quarter, to calculate the expected loss for financial statement measurement purposes.

More extensive monitoring and intervention is employed for all BIG surveillance categories, with internal credit ratings reviewed quarterly. The Company expects “future losses” on a transaction when the Company believes there is at least a 50% chance that, on a present value basis, it will pay more claims on that transaction in the future than it will have reimbursed. The three BIG categories are:


•	BIG Category 1: Below-investment-grade transactions showing sufficient deterioration to make future losses possible, but for which none are currently expected.


•	BIG Category 2: Below-investment-grade transactions for which future losses are expected but for which no claims (other than liquidity claims, which are claims that the Company expects to be reimbursed within one year) have yet been paid.


•	BIG Category 3: Below-investment-grade transactions for which future losses are expected and on which claims (other than liquidity claims) have been paid.

Unless otherwise noted, ratings disclosed herein on the Company's insured portfolio reflect its internal ratings. The Company classifies those portions of risks benefiting from reimbursement obligations collateralized by eligible assets held in trust in acceptable reimbursement structures as the higher of 'AA' or their current internal rating.

Components of Outstanding Exposure

The Company purchases securities that it has insured, and for which it has expected losses to be paid, in order to mitigate the economic effect of insured losses (loss mitigation securities). The Company excludes amounts attributable to loss mitigation securities from par and debt service outstanding, which amounts are included in the investment portfolio, because it manages such securities as investments and not insurance exposure. As of June 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017, the Company excluded $656 million and $678 million, respectively, of net par attributable to loss mitigation securities (which are mostly BIG) and other loss mitigation strategies. The following table presents the gross and net debt service for financial guaranty contracts.

Financial Guaranty

Debt Service Outstanding



	Gross Debt Service Outstanding(1)				Net Debt Service Outstanding(1)
	June 30, 2018		December 31, 2017		June 30, 2018		December 31, 2017
	(in millions)
Public finance	$	320,697	$	341,451	$	231,774	$	247,424
Structured finance	6,857		7,386		6,406		6,828
Total financial guaranty	$	327,554	$	348,837	$	238,180	$	254,252

_____________________


(1)	Includes 100% of MAC's gross and net debt service outstanding. However, AGM's indirect ownership of MAC is only 60.7%. The net debt service outstanding amount includes $47.2 billion and $56.3 billion as of both June 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017, respectively, from MAC.

In addition to amounts shown in the tables above, the Company had outstanding commitments to provide guaranties of $14 million as of the date of this filing. The commitments are contingent on the satisfaction of all conditions set forth in them and may expire unused or be canceled at the counterparty’s request. Therefore, the total commitment amount does not necessarily reflect actual future guaranteed amounts.

Financial Guaranty Portfolio by Internal Rating

As of June 30, 2018



	Public Finance U.S.				Public Finance Non-U.S.				Structured Finance U.S.				Structured Finance Non-U.S.				Total
Rating Category	Net Par Outstanding		%		Net Par Outstanding		%		Net Par Outstanding		%		Net Par Outstanding		%		Net Par Outstanding		%
	(dollars in millions)
AAA	$	391	0.3	%	$	826	2.6	%	$	678	15.7	%	$	123	23.4	%	$	2,018	1.3	%
AA	16,175		13.5		196		0.6		1,693		39.2		25		4.8		18,089		11.6
A	69,217		58.0		11,765		37.2		87		2.0		64		12.2		81,133		52.1
BBB	30,635		25.7		18,021		56.9		176		4.1		228		43.3		49,060		31.4
BIG	2,956		2.5		844		2.7		1,685		39.0		86		16.3		5,571		3.6
Total net par outstanding (1)	$	119,374	100.0	%	$	31,652	100.0	%	$	4,319	100.0	%	$	526	100.0	%	$	155,871	100.0	%

_____________________


(1)	Includes $34.3 billion of net par outstanding as of June 30, 2018, from MAC, which represents 100% of MAC's net par outstanding. However, AGM's indirect ownership of MAC is only 60.7%.

Financial Guaranty Portfolio by Internal Rating

As of December 31, 2017



	Public Finance U.S.				Public Finance Non-U.S.				Structured Finance U.S.				Structured Finance Non-U.S.				Total
Rating Category	Net Par Outstanding		%		Net Par Outstanding		%		Net Par Outstanding		%		Net Par Outstanding		%		Net Par Outstanding		%
	(dollars in millions)
AAA	$	736	0.6	%	$	809	2.5	%	$	666	14.6	%	$	124	22.3	%	$	2,335	1.5	%
AA	19,797		15.2		200		0.6		1,822		39.7		27		4.8		21,846		13.0
A	74,860		57.5		12,011		37.4		74		1.6		71		12.7		87,016		51.9
BBB	31,453		24.1		17,680		55.0		60		1.3		246		44.2		49,439		29.5
BIG	3,403		2.6		1,452		4.5		1,965		42.8		89		16.0		6,909		4.1
Total net par outstanding (1)	$	130,249	100.0	%	$	32,152	100.0	%	$	4,587	100.0	%	$	557	100.0	%	$	167,545	100.0	%

_____________________


(1)	Includes $41.5 billion of net par outstanding as of December 31, 2017, from MAC, which represents 100% of MAC's net par outstanding. However, AGM's indirect ownership of MAC is only 60.7%.

Components of BIG Portfolio

Components of BIG Net Par Outstanding

As of June 30, 2018



	BIG Net Par Outstanding								Net Par
	BIG 1		BIG 2		BIG 3		Total BIG (1)		Outstanding
	(in millions)
Public finance:
U.S. public finance	$	890	$	—	$	2,066	$	2,956	$	119,374
Non-U.S. public finance	634		210		—		844		31,652
Public finance	1,524		210		2,066		3,800		151,026
Structured finance:
U.S. Residential mortgage-backed securities (RMBS)	22		156		1,436		1,614		2,704
Other structured finance	121		—		36		157		2,141
Structured finance	143		156		1,472		1,771		4,845
Total	$	1,667	$	366	$	3,538	$	5,571	$	155,871

____________________


(1)	There is no BIG net par outstanding for credit derivatives as of June 30, 2018.

Components of BIG Net Par Outstanding

As of December 31, 2017



	BIG Net Par Outstanding								Net Par
	BIG 1		BIG 2		BIG 3		Total BIG (1)		Outstanding
	(in millions)
Public finance:
U.S. public finance	$	1,334	$	264	$	1,805	$	3,403	$	130,249
Non-U.S. public finance	1,231		221		—		1,452		32,152
Public finance	2,565		485		1,805		4,855		162,401
Structured finance:
U.S. RMBS	190		163		1,535		1,888		2,908
Other structured finance	90		38		38		166		2,236
Structured finance	280		201		1,573		2,054		5,144
Total	$	2,845	$	686	$	3,378	$	6,909	$	167,545

____________________


(1)	There is no BIG net par outstanding for credit derivatives as of December 31, 2017.

Exposure to Puerto Rico

The Company has insured exposure to general obligation bonds of the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico (Puerto Rico or the Commonwealth) and various obligations of its related authorities and public corporations aggregating $2.3 billion net par as of June 30, 2018. Of that amount, $2.2 billion was rated BIG, while the remainder was rated AA because it relates to second-to-pay policies on obligations insured by an affiliate of the Company. Puerto Rico experienced significant general fund budget deficits and a challenging economic environment since at least the financial crisis. Beginning on January 1, 2016, a number of Puerto Rico exposures have defaulted on bond payments, and the Company has now paid claims on all of its BIG Puerto Rico exposures except for the Municipal Finance Agency (MFA).

On November 30, 2015 and December 8, 2015, the former governor of Puerto Rico (Former Governor) issued executive orders (Clawback Orders) directing the Puerto Rico Department of Treasury and the Puerto Rico Tourism Company to "claw back" certain taxes pledged to secure the payment of bonds issued by the Puerto Rico Highways and Transportation Authority (PRHTA), Puerto Rico Infrastructure Financing Authority (PRIFA), and Puerto Rico Convention Center District Authority (PRCCDA). The Puerto Rico exposures insured by the Company subject to clawback are shown in the table “Puerto Rico Net Par Outstanding”.

On June 30, 2016, the Puerto Rico Oversight, Management, and Economic Stability Act (PROMESA) was signed into law by the President of the United States. PROMESA established a seven-member financial oversight board (Oversight Board) with authority to require that balanced budgets and fiscal plans be adopted and implemented by Puerto Rico. PROMESA provides a legal framework under which the debt of the Commonwealth and its related authorities and public corporations may be voluntarily restructured, and grants the Oversight Board the sole authority to file restructuring petitions in a federal court to restructure the debt of the Commonwealth and its related authorities and public corporations if voluntary negotiations fail, provided that any such restructuring must be in accordance with an Oversight Board approved fiscal plan that respects the liens and priorities provided under Puerto Rico law.

In May and July 2017, the Oversight Board filed petitions under Title III of PROMESA with the United States District Court for the District of Puerto Rico (Federal District Court for Puerto Rico) for the Commonwealth, the Puerto Rico Sales Tax Financing Corporation (COFINA), PRHTA, and Puerto Rico Electric Power Authority (PREPA). Title III of PROMESA provides for a process analogous to a voluntary bankruptcy process under chapter 9 of the United States Bankruptcy Code (Bankruptcy Code).

Judge Laura Taylor Swain of the Southern District of New York was selected by Chief Justice John Roberts of the United States Supreme Court to preside over any legal proceedings under PROMESA. Judge Swain has selected a team of five federal judges to act as mediators for certain issues and disputes.

On September 20, 2017, Hurricane Maria made landfall in Puerto Rico as a Category 4 hurricane on the Saffir-Simpson scale, causing loss of life and widespread devastation in the Commonwealth. Damage to the Commonwealth’s infrastructure, including the power grid, water system and transportation system, was extensive, and rebuilding and economic recovery are expected to take years.

In December 2017, legislation known as the 2017 Tax Cuts and Jobs Act (Tax Act) was enacted. Many of the provisions under the Tax Act are geared toward increasing production in the U.S. and discouraging companies from having operations or intangibles off-shore. Since Puerto Rico is considered a foreign territory under the U.S. tax system, the Tax Act may have adverse consequences to Puerto Rico’s economy. However, the Company is unable to predict the impact of the Tax Act on Puerto Rico.

On July 30, 2018, the Oversight Board and the Governor of Puerto Rico announced that they had reached a tentative agreement with a certain group of PREPA bondholders regarding approximately $3 billion of PREPA’s outstanding debt. Bondholders would be able to exchange their debt for new securitization debt maturing in 40 years at 67% of par, plus growth bonds tied to the recovery of Puerto Rico at 10% of par. The Company and certain other creditors of PREPA have not agreed to the terms of that tentative agreement.

On August 1, 2018, the Oversight Board certified a revised new fiscal plan for PREPA and a revised new fiscal plan for Puerto Rico Aqueduct and Sewer Authority (PRASA). The revised new fiscal plans supersede the ones previously certified by the Oversight Board on April 19, 2018 and incorporate the macroeconomic projections that are embedded in the revised certified Commonwealth fiscal plan certified by the Oversight Board. The Oversight Board also established a schedule by which the Commonwealth, PREPA, PRASA and certain other covered entities must develop and submit revised fiscal plans. Previously, on June 29, 2018, the Oversight Board had certified a revised version of the fiscal plan for the Commonwealth as developed by the Oversight Board. The revised certified Commonwealth fiscal plan (which the Company believes covers its general obligations as well as obligations of certain of its other authorities and public corporations) indicates a primary budget surplus of $6.7 billion that would be available for debt service over the six-year forecast period (as compared to contractual debt service of approximately $15.5 billion over the same period). The certified PRHTA fiscal plan projects very limited capacity to pay debt service over the six-year forecast period, as the Commonwealth anticipates continuing to retain approximately three-fourths of PRHTA's total revenues. The Company does not believe the certified fiscal plans for the Commonwealth, PRHTA, PREPA or PRASA comply with certain mandatory requirements of PROMESA.

On August 8,2018, the Commonwealth, the Oversight Board, and senior and subordinate COFINA creditors, including the Company, representing a total of approximately $10 billion of COFINA debt, agreed in principle to the terms of a restructuring support agreement (COFINA RSA) allocating the 5.5% Sales and Use Taxes (SUT) between the senior and subordinate COFINA bondholders. Under the COFINA RSA, the Company expects implied recoveries, including fees for parties to the COFINA RSA, will total in the mid-90% range for the senior bonds and approach 60% for the subordinate bonds, and both senior and subordinate COFINA creditors will exchange their positions for new senior closed lien COFINA bonds. The COFINA RSA applies to the SUT revenues allocated to COFINA under an agreement reached on June 7, 2018 among the court-appointed agents for COFINA and the Commonwealth to resolve a dispute between the Commonwealth and COFINA regarding ownership of the SUT. The June 7, 2018 agreement in principle, which was filed with the Federal District Court for Puerto Rico, requires, among other things, that future challenges to it be barred by the court or made illegal, and provides that, beginning July 1, 2018, the SUT would be paid first to COFINA until it has received 53.65% of the pledged sales tax base amount (PSTBA) and that the remaining 46.35% of the PSTBA would be paid to the Commonwealth thereafter. The June 7, 2018 agreement in principle did not address the allocation of COFINA’s share of the SUT between the senior and junior creditors, nor did it address the restructuring of COFINA, both of which are provided for in the COFINA RSA. Additionally, the June 7 agreement in principle does not impact SUT in excess of the PSTBA, which is paid to the Commonwealth. The Company is reserving all of its rights as a Puerto Rico general obligation bondholder with respect to both the SUT revenues allocated to the Commonwealth and other available resources of the Commonwealth. Under the Constitution of the Commonwealth, such revenues and resources must be used to pay general obligation debt before any other claim, debt or expense, including government expenses.

The Company believes that a number of the actions taken by the Commonwealth, the Oversight Board and others with respect to obligations the Company insures are illegal or unconstitutional or both, and has taken legal action, and may take additional legal action in the future, to enforce its rights with respect to these matters. See “Puerto Rico Recovery Litigation” below.

Litigation and mediation related to the Commonwealth’s debt were delayed by Hurricane Maria. The final form and timing of responses to Puerto Rico’s financial distress and the devastation of Hurricane Maria eventually taken by the federal

government or implemented under the auspices of PROMESA and the Oversight Board or otherwise, and the final impact, after resolution of legal challenges, of any such responses on obligations insured by the Company, are uncertain.

The Company groups its Puerto Rico exposure into three categories:


•	Constitutionally Guaranteed. The Company includes in this category public debt benefiting from Article VI of the Constitution of the Commonwealth, which expressly provides that interest and principal payments on the public debt are to be paid before other disbursements are made.

•

Public Corporations – Certain Revenues Potentially Subject to Clawback. The Company includes in this category the debt of public corporations for which applicable law permits the Commonwealth to claw back, subject to certain conditions and for the payment of public debt, at least a portion of the revenues supporting the bonds the Company insures. As a constitutional condition to clawback, available Commonwealth revenues for any fiscal year must be insufficient to pay Commonwealth debt service before the payment of any appropriations for that year. The Company believes that this condition has not been satisfied to date, and accordingly that the Commonwealth has not to date been entitled to claw back revenues supporting debt insured by the Company. Prior to the enactment of PROMESA, the Company sued various Puerto Rico governmental officials in the Federal District Court for Puerto Rico asserting that Puerto Rico's attempt to “claw back” pledged taxes is unconstitutional, and demanding declaratory and injunctive relief. See "Puerto Rico Recovery Litigation" below.


•	Other Public Corporations. The Company includes in this category the debt of public corporations that are supported by revenues it does not believe are subject to clawback.

Constitutionally Guaranteed

General Obligation. As of June 30, 2018, the Company had $670 million insured net par outstanding of the general obligations of Puerto Rico, which are supported by the good faith, credit and taxing power of the Commonwealth. Despite the requirements of Article VI of its Constitution, the Commonwealth defaulted on the debt service payment due on July 1, 2016, and the Company has been making claim payments on these bonds since that date. As noted above, the Oversight Board filed a petition under Title III of PROMESA with respect to the Commonwealth.

Puerto Rico Public Buildings Authority (PBA). As of June 30, 2018, the Company had $9 million insured net par outstanding of PBA bonds, which are supported by a pledge of the rents due under leases of government facilities to departments, agencies, instrumentalities and municipalities of the Commonwealth, and that benefit from a Commonwealth guaranty supported by a pledge of the Commonwealth’s good faith, credit and taxing power. Despite the requirements of Article VI of its Constitution, the PBA defaulted on most of the debt service payment due on July 1, 2016, and the Company has been making claim payments on these bonds since then.

Public Corporations - Certain Revenues Potentially Subject to Clawback

PRHTA. As of June 30, 2018, the Company had $252 million insured net par outstanding of PRHTA (transportation revenue) bonds and $358 million insured net par outstanding of PRHTA (highways revenue) bonds. The transportation revenue bonds are secured by a subordinate gross lien on gasoline and gas oil and diesel oil taxes, motor vehicle license fees and certain tolls, plus a first lien on up to $120 million annually of taxes on crude oil, unfinished oil and derivative products. The highways revenue bonds are secured by a gross lien on gasoline and gas oil and diesel oil taxes, motor vehicle license fees and certain tolls. The non-toll revenues consisting of excise taxes and fees collected by the Commonwealth on behalf of PRHTA and its bondholders that are statutorily allocated to PRHTA and its bondholders are potentially subject to clawback. Despite the presence of funds in relevant debt service reserve accounts that the Company believes should have been employed to fund debt service, PRHTA defaulted on the full July 1, 2017 insured debt service payment, and the Company has been making claim payments on these bonds since that date. As noted above, the Oversight Board filed a petition under Title III of PROMESA with respect to PRHTA.

Other Public Corporations

PREPA. As of June 30, 2018, the Company had $547 million insured net par outstanding of PREPA obligations, which are secured by a lien on the revenues of the electric system.

On December 24, 2015, AGM and AGC entered into a Restructuring Support Agreement (PREPA RSA) with PREPA, an ad hoc group of uninsured bondholders and a group of fuel-line lenders that, subject to certain conditions, would have resulted in, among other things, modernization of the utility and a restructuring of current debt.

The Oversight Board did not certify the PREPA RSA under Title VI of PROMESA as the Company believes was required by PROMESA, but rather, on July 2, 2017, commenced proceedings for PREPA under Title III of PROMESA. The Company has been making claim payments on these bonds since July 1, 2017.

MFA. As of June 30, 2018, the Company had $221 million net par outstanding of bonds issued by MFA secured by a lien on local property tax revenues. The MFA bond accounts contained sufficient funds to make the MFA bond payments due through the date of this filing that were guaranteed by the Company, and those payments were made in full.

COFINA. As of June 30, 2018, the Company had $264 million insured net par outstanding of junior COFINA bonds, which are secured primarily by a second lien on certain sales and use taxes. As noted above, the Oversight Board filed a petition on behalf of COFINA under Title III of PROMESA. COFINA bond debt service payments were not made on August 1, 2017, and the Company made its first claim payments on these bonds. The Company has continued to make claim payments on these bonds.

Puerto Rico Recovery Litigation

The Company believes that a number of the actions taken by the Commonwealth, the Oversight Board and others with respect to obligations it insures are illegal or unconstitutional or both, and has taken legal action, and may take additional legal action in the future, to enforce its rights with respect to these matters.

On January 7, 2016, AGM, AGC and Ambac Assurance Corporation (Ambac) commenced an action for declaratory judgment and injunctive relief in the Federal District Court for Puerto Rico to invalidate the executive orders issued by the Former Governor on November 30, 2015 and December 8, 2015 directing that the Secretary of the Treasury of the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico and the Puerto Rico Tourism Company claw back certain taxes and revenues pledged to secure the payment of bonds issued by the PRHTA, the PRCCDA and the PRIFA. The Commonwealth defendants filed a motion to dismiss the action for lack of subject matter jurisdiction, which the court denied on October 4, 2016. On October 14, 2016, the Commonwealth defendants filed a notice of PROMESA automatic stay. While the PROMESA automatic stay expired on May 1, 2017, on May 17, 2017, the court stayed the action under Title III of PROMESA.

On May 16, 2017, The Bank of New York Mellon, as trustee for the bonds issued by COFINA, filed an adversary complaint for interpleader and declaratory relief with the Federal District Court for Puerto Rico to resolve competing and conflicting demands made by various groups of COFINA bondholders, insurers of certain COFINA Bonds and COFINA, regarding funds held by the trustee for certain COFINA bond debt service payments scheduled to occur on and after June 1, 2017. On May 19, 2017, an order to show cause was entered permitting AGM to intervene in this matter.

On June 3, 2017, AGM and AGC filed an adversary complaint in the Federal District Court for Puerto Rico seeking (i) a judgment declaring that the application of pledged special revenues to the payment of the PRHTA Bonds is not subject to the PROMESA Title III automatic stay and that the Commonwealth has violated the special revenue protections provided to the PRHTA Bonds under the Bankruptcy Code; (ii) an injunction enjoining the Commonwealth from taking or causing to be taken any action that would further violate the special revenue protections provided to the PRHTA Bonds under the Bankruptcy Code; and (iii) an injunction ordering the Commonwealth to remit the pledged special revenues securing the PRHTA Bonds in accordance with the terms of the special revenue provisions set forth in the Bankruptcy Code. On January 30, 2018, the district court rendered an opinion dismissing the complaint and holding, among other things, that (x) even though the special revenue provisions of the Bankruptcy Code protect a lien on pledged special revenues, those provisions do not mandate the turnover of pledged special revenues to the payment of bonds and (y) actions to enforce liens on pledged special revenues remain stayed. AGC and AGM are appealing the district court's decision to the United States Court of Appeals for the First Circuit (First Circuit).

On June 26, 2017, AGM and AGC filed a complaint in the Federal District Court for Puerto Rico seeking (i) a declaratory judgment that the PREPA RSA is a “Preexisting Voluntary Agreement” under Section 104 of PROMESA and the Oversight Board’s failure to certify the PREPA RSA is an unlawful application of Section 601 of PROMESA; (ii) an injunction enjoining the Oversight Board from unlawfully applying Section 601 of PROMESA and ordering it to certify the PREPA RSA; and (iii) a writ of mandamus requiring the Oversight Board to comply with its duties under PROMESA and certify the PREPA RSA. On July 21, 2017, in light of its PREPA Title III petition on July 2, 2017, the Oversight Board filed a notice of stay under PROMESA.

On July 18, 2017, AGM and AGC filed in the Federal District Court for Puerto Rico a motion for relief from the automatic stay in the PREPA Title III bankruptcy proceeding and a form of complaint seeking the appointment of a receiver for PREPA. That motion was denied on September 14, 2017. On August 8, 2018, the First Circuit vacated the court's decision and remanded the case for further proceedings consistent with its opinion.

On May 23, 2018, AGM and AGC filed an adversary complaint in the Federal District Court for Puerto Rico seeking a judgment declaring that (i) the Oversight Board lacked authority to develop or approve the new fiscal plan for Puerto Rico which it certified on April 19, 2018 (Revised Fiscal Plan); (ii) the Revised Fiscal Plan and the Fiscal Plan Compliance Law (Compliance Law) enacted by the Commonwealth to implement the original Commonwealth Fiscal Plan violate various sections of PROMESA; (iii) the Revised Fiscal Plan, the Compliance Law and various moratorium laws and executive orders enacted by the Commonwealth to prevent the payment of debt service (a) are unconstitutional and void because they violate the Contracts, Takings and Due Process Clauses of the U.S. Constitution and (b) are preempted by various sections of PROMESA; and (iv) no Title III plan of adjustment based on the Revised Fiscal Plan can be confirmed under PROMESA. On August 13, 2018, the court-appointed magistrate judge granted the Commonwealth's and the Oversight Board's motion to stay this adversary proceeding pending a decision by the First Circuit in an appeal of an unrelated adversary proceeding decision by Ambac, which may resolve certain similar issues.

On July 23, 2018, AGC and AGM filed an adversary complaint in the Federal District Court for Puerto Rico seeking a judgment (i) declaring the members of the Oversight Board are officers of the U.S. whose appointments were unlawful under the Appointments Clause of the U.S. Constitution; (ii) declaring void ab initio the unlawful actions taken by the Oversight Board to date, including (x) development of the Commonwealth's Fiscal Plan, (y) development of PRHTA's Fiscal Plan, and (z) filing of the Title III cases on behalf of the Commonwealth and PRHTA; and (iii) enjoining the Oversight Board from taking any further action until the Oversight Board members have been lawfully appointed in conformity with the Appointments Clause of the U.S. Constitution. The Title III court dismissed a similar lawsuit filed by another party in the Commonwealth’s Title III case in July 2018. On August 3, 2018, a stipulated judgment was entered against AGM and AGC at their request based upon the court's July decision in the other Appointments Clause lawsuit and, on the same date, AGM and AGC appealed the stipulated judgment to the First Circuit. On August 15, 2018, the court consolidated, for purposes of briefing and oral argument, AGM and AGC's appeal with the other Appointments Clause lawsuit.

Puerto Rico Par and Debt Service Schedules

All Puerto Rico exposures are internally rated BIG, except the General Obligation, PBA and PRHTA (Transportation revenue) second-to-pay policies on an affiliate exposure which are rated AA based on the obligation of the Company's affiliate to pay under its insurance policy if the obligor fails to pay. The following tables show the Company’s insured exposure to general obligation bonds of Puerto Rico and various obligations of its related authorities and public corporations.

Puerto Rico

Gross Par and Gross Debt Service Outstanding



	Gross Par Outstanding				Gross Debt Service Outstanding
	June 30, 2018		December 31, 2017		June 30, 2018		December 31, 2017
	(in millions)
Exposure to Puerto Rico	$	3,369	$	3,368	$	5,233	$	5,318

Puerto Rico

Net Par Outstanding



	As of June 30, 2018		As of December 31, 2017
	(in millions)
Commonwealth Constitutionally Guaranteed
Commonwealth of Puerto Rico - General Obligation Bonds (1)	$	669	$	669
Commonwealth of Puerto Rico - General Obligation Bonds (Second-to-pay policy on affiliate exposure)	1		1
Commonwealth of Puerto Rico - General Obligation Bonds total	670		670
PBA (Second-to-pay policies on affiliate exposure)	9		9
Public Corporations - Certain Revenues Potentially Subject to Clawback
PRHTA (Transportation revenue) (1)	167		167
PRHTA (Transportation revenue) (Second-to-pay policies on affiliate exposure)	85		85
PRHTA (Transportation revenue) total	252		252
PRHTA (Highways revenue) (1)	358		358
Other Public Corporations
PREPA (1)	547		547
COFINA (1)	264		263
MFA	221		221
Total net exposure to Puerto Rico	$	2,321	$	2,320

__________________


(1)	As of the date of this filing, the Oversight Board has certified a filing under Title III of PROMESA for these exposures.

The following table shows the scheduled amortization of the insured general obligation bonds of Puerto Rico and various obligations of its related authorities and public corporations rated BIG by the Company. The Company guarantees payments of interest and principal when those amounts are scheduled to be paid and cannot be required to pay on an accelerated basis. In the event that obligors default on their obligations, the Company would only be required to pay the shortfall between the principal and interest due in any given period and the amount paid by the obligors.

Amortization Schedule of Puerto Rico BIG Net Par Outstanding

and Net Debt Service Outstanding

As of June 30, 2018



	Scheduled BIG Net Par Amortization		Scheduled BIG Net Debt Service Amortization
	(in millions)
2018 (July 1 - September 30)	$	77	$	131
2018 (October 1 - December 31)	0		2
Subtotal 2018	77		133
2019	107		215
2020	111		214
2021	69		167
2022	69		164
2023-2027	634		1,017
2028-2032	426		682
2033-2037	481		612
2038-2043	252		307
Total	$	2,226	$	3,511

Exposure to the U.S. Virgin Islands

As of June 30, 2018, the Company had $331 million insured net par outstanding to the U.S. Virgin Islands and its related authorities (USVI), of which it rated $148 million BIG. The $183 million USVI net par the Company rated investment grade was comprised primarily of bonds secured by a lien on matching fund revenues related to excise taxes on products produced in the USVI and exported to the U.S., primarily rum. The $148 million BIG USVI net par comprised (a) Public Finance Authority bonds secured by a gross receipts tax and the general obligation, full faith and credit pledge of the USVI and (b) bonds of the Virgin Islands Water and Power Authority secured by a net revenue pledge of the electric system.

Hurricane Irma caused significant damage in St. John and St. Thomas, while Hurricane Maria made landfall on St. Croix as a Category 4 hurricane on the Saffir-Simpson scale, causing loss of life and substantial damage to St. Croix’s businesses and infrastructure, including the power grid. The USVI is benefiting from the federal response to the 2017 hurricanes and has made its debt service payments to date.

5. Expected Loss to be Paid

This note provides information regarding expected claim payments to be made under all contracts in the insured portfolio.

Loss Estimation Process

The Company’s loss reserve committees estimate expected loss to be paid for all contracts by reviewing analyses that consider various scenarios with corresponding probabilities assigned to them. Depending upon the nature of the risk, the Company’s view of the potential size of any loss and the information available to the Company, that analysis may be based upon individually developed cash flow models, internal credit rating assessments, sector-driven loss severity assumptions and/or judgmental assessments. The Company monitors the performance of its transactions with expected losses and each quarter the Company’s loss reserve committees review and refresh their loss projection assumptions, scenarios and the probabilities they assign to those scenarios based on actual developments during the quarter and their view of future performance.

The financial guaranties issued by the Company insure the credit performance of the guaranteed obligations over an extended period of time, in some cases over 30 years, and in most circumstances, the Company has no right to cancel such financial guaranties. As a result, the Company's estimate of ultimate losses on a policy is subject to significant uncertainty over the life of the insured transaction. Credit performance can be adversely affected by economic, fiscal and financial market variability over the life of most contracts.

The determination of expected loss to be paid is an inherently subjective process involving numerous estimates, assumptions and judgments by management, using both internal and external data sources with regard to frequency, severity of loss, economic projections, governmental actions, negotiations and other factors that affect credit performance. These estimates, assumptions and judgments, and the factors on which they are based, may change materially over a reporting period, and as a result the Company’s loss estimates may change materially over that same period.

The Company does not use traditional actuarial approaches to determine its estimates of expected losses. Actual losses will ultimately depend on future events or transaction performance and may be influenced by many interrelated factors that are difficult to predict. As a result, the Company's current projections of losses may be subject to considerable volatility and may not reflect the Company's ultimate claims paid. For information on the Company's loss estimation process, see Note 5, Expected Loss to be Paid, of the annual combined financial statements of AGM for the year ended December 31, 2017 included in Exhibit 99.1 in AGL's Form 8-K dated March 20, 2018, filed with the SEC.

In some instances, the terms of the Company's policy gives it the option to pay principal losses that have been recognized in the transaction but which it is not yet required to pay, thereby reducing the amount of guaranteed interest due in the future. The Company has sometimes exercised this option, which uses cash but reduces projected future losses.

The following tables present a roll forward of net expected loss to be paid for all contracts. The Company used risk-free rates for U.S. dollar denominated obligations that ranged from 0.0% to 3.03% with a weighted average of 2.85% as of June 30, 2018 and 0.0% to 2.78% with a weighted average of 2.40% as of December 31, 2017. Expected losses to be paid for transactions denominated in currencies other than the U.S. dollar represented approximately 4.7% and 5.5% of the total as of June 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017, respectively.

Net Expected Loss to be Paid

Roll Forward



	Second Quarter					Six Months
	2018			2017		2018			2017
	(in millions)
Net expected loss to be paid, beginning of period	$	647		$	555	$	696		$	521
Net expected loss to be paid on the AGLN portfolio as of January 10, 2017	—			—		—			21
Economic loss development (benefit) due to:
Accretion of discount	5			4		9			7
Changes in discount rates	(1		)	11		(5		)	15
Changes in timing and assumptions	22			9		13			3
Total economic loss development (benefit)	26			24		17			25
Net (paid) recovered losses	(6		)	8		(46		)	20
Net expected loss to be paid, end of period	$	667		$	587	$	667		$	587

Net Expected Loss to be Paid

Roll Forward by Sector

Second Quarter 2018



	Net Expected Loss to be Paid (Recovered) as of March 31, 2018		Economic Loss Development / (Benefit)			(Paid) Recovered Losses (1)			Net Expected Loss to be Paid (Recovered) as of June 30, 2018 (2)
	(in millions)
Public finance:
U.S. public finance	$	408	$	49		$	(8	)	$	449
Non-U.S. public finance	34		(2		)	0			32
Public finance	442		47			(8		)	481
Structured finance:
U.S. RMBS	192		(19		)	2			175
Other structured finance	13		(2		)	0			11
Structured finance	205		(21		)	2			186
Total	$	647	$	26		$	(6	)	$	667

Net Expected Loss to be Paid

Roll Forward by Sector

Second Quarter 2017



	Net Expected Loss to be Paid (Recovered) as of March 31, 2017		Economic Loss Development / (Benefit)			(Paid) Recovered Losses (1)			Net Expected Loss to be Paid (Recovered) as of June 30, 2017
	(in millions)
Public finance:
U.S. public finance	$	353	$	37		$	(1	)	$	389
Non-U.S. public finance	32		0			0			32
Public finance	385		37			(1		)	421
Structured finance:
U.S. RMBS	147		(10		)	12			149
Other structured finance	23		(3		)	(3		)	17
Structured finance	170		(13		)	9			166
Total	$	555	$	24		$	8		$	587

Net Expected Loss to be Paid

Roll Forward by Sector

Six Months 2018



	Net Expected Loss to be Paid (Recovered) as of December 31, 2017(2)		Economic Loss Development / (Benefit)			(Paid) Recovered Losses (1)			Net Expected Loss to be Paid (Recovered) as of June 30, 2018 (2)
	(in millions)
Public finance:
U.S. public finance	$	482	$	27		$	(60	)	$	449
Non-U.S. public finance	36		(4		)	0			32
Public finance	518		23			(60		)	481
Structured finance:
U.S. RMBS	163		(2		)	14			175
Other structured finance	15		(4		)	0			11
Structured finance	178		(6		)	14			186
Total	$	696	$	17		$	(46	)	$	667

Net Expected Loss to be Paid

Roll Forward by Sector

Six Months 2017



	Net Expected Loss to be Paid (Recovered) as of December 31, 2016		Net Expected Loss to be Paid on AGLN as of January 10, 2017		Economic Loss Development / (Benefit)			(Paid) Recovered Losses (1)			Net Expected Loss to be Paid (Recovered) as of June 30, 2017
	(in millions)
Public finance:
U.S. public finance	$	323	$	—	$	67		$	(1	)	$	389
Non-U.S. public finance	22		13		(3		)	0			32
Public finance	345		13		64			(1		)	421
Structured finance:
U.S. RMBS	147		—		(22		)	24			149
Other structured finance	29		8		(17		)	(3		)	17
Structured finance	176		8		(39		)	21			166
Total	$	521	$	21	$	25		$	20		$	587

___________________

(1)

Net of ceded paid losses, whether or not such amounts have been settled with reinsurers. Ceded paid losses are typically settled 45 days after the end of the reporting period. Such amounts are recorded in reinsurance recoverable on paid losses included in other assets. The Company paid $3 million and $2 million in loss adjustment expenses (LAE) for Second Quarter 2018 and 2017, respectively, and $5 million and $3 million in LAE for Six Months 2018 and 2017, respectively.

(2) Includes expected LAE to be paid of $6 million as of June 30, 2018 and $9 million as of December 31, 2017.

The following table presents the present value of net expected loss to be paid and the net economic loss development for all contracts by accounting model.

Net Expected Loss to be Paid (Recovered) and

Net Economic Loss Development (Benefit)

By Accounting Model



	Net Expected Loss to be Paid (Recovered)				Net Economic Loss Development (Benefit)
	As of June 30, 2018		As of December 31, 2017		Second Quarter 2018			Second Quarter 2017		Six Months 2018			Six Months 2017
	(in millions)
Financial guaranty insurance	$	593	$	618	$	31		$	23	$	19		$	35
FG VIEs (1)	74		78		(5		)	1		(2		)	(2		)
Credit derivatives (2)	—		—		—			0		—			(8		)
Total	$	667	$	696	$	26		$	24	$	17		$	25

___________________

(1) See Note 9, Consolidated Variable Interest Entities.

(2) See Note 8, Contracts Accounted for as Credit Derivatives.

Selected U.S. Public Finance Transactions

The Company insured general obligation bonds of the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico and various obligations of its related authorities and public corporations aggregating $2.3 billion net par as of June 30, 2018, $2.2 billion of which was BIG. For additional information regarding the Company's exposure to general obligations of the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico and various obligations of its related authorities and public corporations, see "Exposure to Puerto Rico" in Note 4, Outstanding Exposure.

As of June 30, 2018, the Company had insured $209 million net par outstanding of general obligation bonds issued by the City of Hartford, Connecticut, most of which was rated BIG at December 31, 2017. In the first quarter of 2018, the State of Connecticut entered into a contract assistance agreement with the City of Hartford under which the state will pay the debt service costs of the City’s general obligation bonds, including those insured by the Company. As a result, the Company reduced the corresponding expected losses as of March 31, 2018 and upgraded this exposure to investment grade.

On February 25, 2015, a plan of adjustment resolving the bankruptcy filing of the City of Stockton, California under chapter 9 of the U.S. Bankruptcy Code became effective. As of June 30, 2018, the Company’s net par subject to the plan consisted of $61 million of pension obligation bonds. As part of the plan of adjustment, the City will repay any claims paid on the pension obligation bonds from certain fixed payments and certain variable payments contingent on the City’s revenue growth.

The Company projected that its total net expected loss across its troubled U.S. public finance exposures as of June 30, 2018, including those mentioned above, would be $449 million, compared with a net expected loss of $482 million as of December 31, 2017. The economic loss development in Second Quarter 2018 was $49 million, which was primarily attributable to Puerto Rico exposures. The economic loss development for Six Months 2018 was $27 million, which was primarily attributable to Puerto Rico exposures, partially offset by a benefit related to the State of Connecticut's agreement to pay the debt service costs of certain bonds of the City of Hartford, including the bonds insured by the Company.

Selected Non - U.S. Public Finance Transactions

The Company insures and reinsures transactions with sub-sovereign exposure to various Spanish and Portuguese issuers where a Spanish and Portuguese sovereign default may cause the sub-sovereigns also to default. The Company's exposure net of reinsurance to these Spanish and Portuguese exposures is $364 million and $70 million, respectively. The Company rates all of these exposures BIG due to the financial condition of Spain and Portugal and their dependence on the sovereign.

The Company also has exposure to infrastructure bonds dependent on payments from Hungarian governmental entities. The Company's exposure net of reinsurance to these Hungarian exposures is $153 million, all of which is rated BIG.

The Company also insures an obligation backed by the availability and toll revenues of a major arterial road into a city in the U.K. with $210 million of net par outstanding as of June 30, 2018. This transaction has been underperforming due to higher costs compared with expectations at underwriting. In the first quarter of 2018, the Company changed its traffic assumptions for this road, resulting in a benefit.

These transactions, together with other non-U.S. public finance insured obligations, had expected loss to be paid of $32 million as of June 30, 2018, compared with $36 million as of December 31, 2017. The economic benefit of approximately $2 million for Second Quarter 2018 was attributable mainly to changes in foreign exchange rates. The economic benefit of approximately $4 million during Six Months 2018 was attributable mainly to the U.K. arterial road mentioned above and changes in foreign exchange rates.

U.S. RMBS Loss Projections

The Company projects losses on its insured U.S. RMBS on a transaction-by-transaction basis by projecting the performance of the underlying pool of mortgages over time and then applying the structural features (i.e., payment priorities and tranching) of the RMBS and any expected representation and warranty (R&W) recoveries/payables to the projected performance of the collateral over time. The resulting projected claim payments or reimbursements are then discounted using risk-free rates.

Based on its observation during the period of the performance of its insured transactions (including delinquencies, liquidation rates and loss severities) as well as the residential property market and economy in general, the Company chose to make the changes to the assumptions it uses to project RMBS losses shown in the tables of assumptions in the sections below.

The following table presents the net economic loss development (benefit).

Net Economic Loss Development (Benefit)



	Second Quarter						Six Months
	2018			2017			2018			2017
	(in millions)
First lien U.S. RMBS	$	(6	)	$	(1	)	$	16		$	(5	)
Second lien U.S. RMBS.	(13		)	(9		)	(18		)	(17		)

U.S. First Lien RMBS Loss Projections: Alt-A First Lien, Option ARM and Subprime

The majority of projected losses in first lien RMBS transactions are expected to come from non-performing mortgage loans (those that are or in the past twelve months have been two or more payments behind, have been modified, are in foreclosure, or have been foreclosed upon). Changes in the amount of non-performing loans from the amount projected in the previous period are one of the primary drivers of loss development in this portfolio. In order to determine the number of defaults resulting from these delinquent and foreclosed loans, the Company applies a liquidation rate assumption to loans in each of various non-performing categories. The Company arrived at its liquidation rates based on data purchased from a third party provider and assumptions about how delays in the foreclosure process and loan modifications may ultimately affect the rate at which loans are liquidated. Each quarter the Company reviews the most recent twelve months of this data and (if necessary) adjusts its liquidation rates based on its observations. The following table shows liquidation assumptions for various non-performing categories.

First Lien Liquidation Rates



	June 30, 2018	March 31, 2018	December 31, 2017
Delinquent/Modified in the Previous 12 Months
Alt-A	20%	20%	20%
Option ARM	20	20	20
Subprime	20	20	20
30 - 59 Days Delinquent
Alt-A	30	30	30
Option ARM	35	35	35
Subprime	40	45	40
60 - 89 Days Delinquent
Alt-A	35	40	40
Option ARM	45	45	50
Subprime	50	50	50
90 + Days Delinquent
Alt-A	40	45	55
Option ARM	55	55	60
Subprime	55	55	55
Bankruptcy
Alt-A	45	45	45
Option ARM	50	50	50
Subprime	40	40	40
Foreclosure
Alt-A	55	55	65
Option ARM	65	65	70
Subprime	65	65	65
Real Estate Owned
All	100	100	100

While the Company uses liquidation rates as described above to project defaults of non-performing loans (including current loans modified or delinquent within the last 12 months), it projects defaults on presently current loans by applying a conditional default rate (CDR) trend. The start of that CDR trend is based on the defaults the Company projects will emerge from currently nonperforming, recently nonperforming and modified loans. The total amount of expected defaults from the non-performing loans is translated into a constant CDR (i.e., the CDR plateau), which, if applied for each of the next 36 months, would be sufficient to produce approximately the amount of defaults that were calculated to emerge from the various delinquency categories. The CDR thus calculated individually on the delinquent collateral pool for each RMBS is then used as the starting point for the CDR curve used to project defaults of the presently performing loans.

In the most heavily weighted scenario (the base case), after the initial 36-month CDR plateau period, each transaction’s CDR is projected to improve over 12 months to an intermediate CDR (calculated as 20% of its CDR plateau); that intermediate CDR is held constant for 36 months and then trails off in steps to a final CDR of 5% of the CDR plateau. In the base case, the Company assumes the final CDR will be reached 5 years after the initial 36-month CDR plateau period. Under the Company’s methodology, defaults projected to occur in the first 36 months represent defaults that can be attributed to loans that were modified or delinquent in the last 12 months or that are currently delinquent or in foreclosure, while the defaults projected to occur using the projected CDR trend after the first 36 month period represent defaults attributable to borrowers that are currently performing or are projected to reperform.

Another important driver of loss projections is loss severity, which is the amount of loss the transaction incurs on a loan after the application of net proceeds from the disposal of the underlying property. Loss severities experienced in first lien transactions have reached historically high levels, and the Company is assuming in the base case that these high levels generally will continue for another 18 months. The Company determines its initial loss severity based on actual recent experience. Each quarter the Company reviews available data and (if necessary) adjusts its severities based on its observations.

The Company then assumes that loss severities begin returning to levels consistent with underwriting assumptions beginning after the initial 18 month period, declining to 40% in the base case over 2.5 years.

The following table shows the range as well as the average, weighted by outstanding net insured par, for key assumptions used in the calculation of expected loss to be paid for individual transactions for vintage 2004 - 2008 first lien U.S. RMBS.

Key Assumptions in Base Case Expected Loss Estimates

First Lien RMBS



	As of June 30, 2018		As of March 31, 2018		As of December 31, 2017
	Range	Weighted Average	Range	Weighted Average	Range	Weighted Average
Alt-A First Lien
Plateau CDR	2.5% - 12.2%	5.4%	3.0% - 9.0%	5.0%	3.1% - 9.8%	5.5%
Final CDR	0.1% - 0.6%	0.3%	0.2% - 0.5%	0.2%	0.2% - 0.5%	0.3%
Initial loss severity:
2005 and prior	60%		60%		60%
2006	80%		80%		80%
2007+	70%		70%		70%
Option ARM
Plateau CDR	2.6% - 8.5%	6.1%	3.1% - 7.8%	6.1%	3.4% - 7.0%	6.0%
Final CDR	0.1% - 0.4%	0.3%	0.2% - 0.4%	0.3%	0.2% - 0.3%	0.3%
Initial loss severity:
2005 and prior	60%		60%		60%
2006	70%		70%		70%
2007+	75%		75%		75%
Subprime
Plateau CDR	3.8% - 10.4%	7.0%	4.3% - 11.2%	7.7%	4.3% - 11.5%	7.8%
Final CDR	0.2% - 0.5%	0.3%	0.2% - 0.6%	0.4%	0.2% - 0.6%	0.4%
Initial loss severity:
2005 and prior	80%		80%		80%
2006	85%		85%		90%
2007+	95%		95%		95%

The rate at which the principal amount of loans is voluntarily prepaid may impact both the amount of losses projected (since that amount is a function of the CDR, the loss severity and the loan balance over time) as well as the amount of excess spread (the amount by which the interest paid by the borrowers on the underlying loan exceeds the amount of interest owed on the insured obligations). The assumption for the voluntary conditional prepayment rate (CPR) follows a similar pattern to that of the CDR. The current level of voluntary prepayments is assumed to continue for the plateau period before gradually increasing over 12 months to the final CPR, which is assumed to be 15% in the base case. For transactions where the initial CPR is higher than the final CPR, the initial CPR is held constant and the final CPR is not used. These CPR assumptions are the same as those the Company used for March 31, 2018 and December 31, 2017.

In estimating expected losses, the Company modeled and probability weighted sensitivities for first lien transactions by varying its assumptions of how fast a recovery is expected to occur. One of the variables used to model sensitivities was how quickly the CDR returned to its modeled equilibrium, which was defined as 5% of the initial CDR. The Company also stressed CPR and the speed of recovery of loss severity rates. The Company probability weighted a total of five scenarios as of June 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017.

Total expected loss to be paid on all first lien U.S. RMBS was $119 million and $109 million as of June 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017, respectively. The Company used a similar approach to establish its pessimistic and optimistic scenarios as of June 30, 2018 as it used as of March 31, 2018 and December 31, 2017, increasing and decreasing the periods of stress from those used in the base case.

In the Company's most stressful scenario where loss severities were assumed to rise and then recover over nine years and the initial ramp-down of the CDR was assumed to occur over 15 months, expected loss to be paid would increase from current projections by approximately $45 million for all first lien U.S. RMBS transactions.

In the Company's least stressful scenario where the CDR plateau was six months shorter (30 months, effectively assuming that liquidation rates would improve) and the CDR recovery was more pronounced (including an initial ramp-down of the CDR over nine months), expected loss to be paid would decrease from current projections by approximately $31 million for all first lien U.S. RMBS transactions.

U.S. Second Lien RMBS Loss Projections

Second lien RMBS transactions include both home equity lines of credit (HELOC) and closed end second lien mortgages. The Company believes the primary variable affecting its expected losses in second lien RMBS transactions is the amount and timing of future losses in the collateral pool supporting the transactions. Expected losses are also a function of the structure of the transaction, the voluntary prepayment rate (typically also referred to as CPR of the collateral), the interest rate environment, and assumptions about loss severity.

In second lien transactions the projection of near-term defaults from currently delinquent loans is relatively straightforward because loans in second lien transactions are generally “charged off” (treated as defaulted) by the securitization’s servicer once the loan is 180 days past due. The Company estimates the amount of loans that will default over the next six months by calculating current representative liquidation rates. Similar to first liens, the Company then calculates a CDR for six months, which is the period over which the currently delinquent collateral is expected to be liquidated. That CDR is then used as the basis for the plateau CDR period that follows the embedded plateau losses.

For the base case scenario, the CDR (the plateau CDR) was held constant for six months. Once the plateau period has ended, the CDR is assumed to gradually trend down in uniform increments to its final long-term steady state CDR. (The long-term steady state CDR is calculated as the constant CDR that would have yielded the amount of losses originally expected at underwriting.) In the base case scenario, the time over which the CDR trends down to its final CDR is 28 months. Therefore, the total stress period for second lien transactions is 34 months, comprising six months of delinquent loan liquidations, followed by 28 months of decrease to the steady state CDR, the same as of March 31, 2018 and December 31, 2017.

HELOC loans generally permit the borrower to pay only interest for an initial period (often ten years) and, after that period, require the borrower to make both the monthly interest payment and a monthly principal payment. This causes the borrower's total monthly payment to increase, sometimes substantially, at the end of the initial interest-only period. In the prior periods, as the HELOC loans underlying the Company's insured HELOC transactions reached their principal amortization period, the Company incorporated an assumption that a percentage of loans reaching their principal amortization periods would default around the time of the payment increase.

Most of the HELOC loans underlying the Company's insured HELOC transactions are now past their interest-only reset date, although a significant number of HELOC loans were modified to extend the interest-only period for another five years. As a result, in 2017, the Company eliminated the CDR increase that was applied when such loans reached their principal amortization period. In addition, based on the average performance history, starting in third quarter 2017, the Company applied a CDR floor of 2.5% for the future steady state CDR on all its HELOC transactions.

When a second lien loan defaults, there is generally a very low recovery. The Company assumed as of June 30, 2018 that it will generally recover only 2% of future defaulting collateral at the time of charge-off, with additional amounts of post charge-off recoveries assumed to come in over time. This is the same assumption used as of March 31, 2018 and December 31, 2017.

The rate at which the principal amount of loans is prepaid may impact both the amount of losses projected as well as the amount of excess spread. In the base case, an average CPR (based on experience of the past year) is assumed to continue until the end of the plateau before gradually increasing to the final CPR over the same period the CDR decreases. The final CPR is assumed to be 15% for second lien transactions (in the base case), which is lower than the historical average but reflects the Company’s continued uncertainty about the projected performance of the borrowers in these transactions. For transactions

where the initial CPR is higher than the final CPR, the initial CPR is held constant and the final CPR is not used. This pattern is generally consistent with how the Company modeled the CPR as of March 31, 2018 and December 31, 2017. To the extent that prepayments differ from projected levels it could materially change the Company’s projected excess spread and losses.

In estimating expected losses, the Company modeled and probability weighted five scenarios, each with a different CDR curve applicable to the period preceding the return to the long-term steady state CDR. The Company believes that the level of the elevated CDR and the length of time it will persist and the ultimate prepayment rate are the primary drivers behind the likely amount of losses the collateral will suffer.

The Company continues to evaluate the assumptions affecting its modeling results. The Company believes the most important driver of its projected second lien RMBS losses is the performance of its HELOC transactions. Total expected loss to be paid on all second lien U.S. RMBS was $56 million and $54 million as of June 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017, respectively.

The following table shows the range as well as the average, weighted by outstanding net insured par, for key assumptions for the calculation of expected loss to be paid for individual transactions for vintage 2004 - 2008 HELOCs.

Key Assumptions in Base Case Expected Loss Estimates

HELOCs



	As of June 30, 2018		As of March 31, 2018		As of December 31, 2017
	Range	Weighted Average	Range	Weighted Average	Range	Weighted Average
Plateau CDR	4.8% - 19.5%	10.1%	2.5% - 18.4%	10.6%	2.7% - 19.9%	11.4%
Final CDR trended down to	2.5% - 3.2%	2.5%	2.5% - 3.2%	2.5%	2.5% - 3.2%	2.5%
Liquidation rates:
Delinquent/Modified in the Previous 12 Months	20%		20%		20%
30 - 59 Days Delinquent	40		40		45
60 - 89 Days Delinquent	55		60		60
90+ Days Delinquent	75		75		75
Bankruptcy	55		55		55
Foreclosure	65		65		70
Real Estate Owned	100		100		100
Loss severity	98%		98%		98%

The Company’s base case assumed a six month CDR plateau and a 28 month ramp-down (for a total stress period of 34 months). The Company also modeled a scenario with a longer period of elevated defaults and another with a shorter period of elevated defaults. Increasing the CDR plateau to eight months and increasing the ramp-down by three months to 31-months (for a total stress period of 39 months) would increase the expected loss by approximately $7 million for HELOC transactions. On the other hand, reducing the CDR plateau to four months and decreasing the length of the CDR ramp-down to 25 months (for a total stress period of 29 months), and lowering the ultimate prepayment rate to 10% would decrease the expected loss by approximately $7 million for HELOC transactions.

Breaches of Representations and Warranties

As of June 30, 2018, the Company had a net R&W payable of $15 million to R&W counterparties, compared to an R&W payable of $25 million as of December 31, 2017.

Other Structured Finance

The Company's other structured finance sector has BIG net par of $157 million, comprising transactions backed by manufactured housing loans, international RMBS, perpetual repackagings and triple-X life insurance transactions. The amounts initially raised by the sale of the notes insured by the Company in triple-X life insurance transactions were used to capitalize

special purpose vehicles that provide life reinsurance; the special purpose vehicles’ funds were invested in accounts managed by third-party investment managers. The economic benefit during Second Quarter 2018 was $2 million, which was attributable primarily to higher assumed recovery rate for certain maturing international RMBS exposure. The economic benefit during Six Months 2018 was $4 million, which was attributable primarily to higher assumed recovery rate for certain maturing international RMBS exposure and increased expected payouts from the primary insurer of a second-to-pay policy.

Recovery Litigation

In the ordinary course of their respective businesses, the Company asserts claims in legal proceedings against third parties to recover losses paid in prior periods or prevent losses in the future.

Public Finance Transactions

The Company has asserted claims in a number of legal proceedings in connection with its exposure to Puerto Rico. See Note 4, Outstanding Exposure, for a discussion of the Company's exposure to Puerto Rico and related recovery litigation being pursued by the Company.

6. Contracts Accounted for as Insurance

Premiums

The portfolio of outstanding exposures discussed in Note 4, Outstanding Exposure, includes contracts that meet the definition of insurance contracts, contracts that meet the definition of a derivative, and contracts that are accounted for as consolidated FG VIEs. Amounts presented in this note relate to insurance contracts. See Note 8, Contracts Accounted for as Credit Derivatives for amounts that relate to CDS and Note 9, Consolidated Variable Interest Entities for amounts that relate to FG VIEs.

Net Earned Premiums



	Second Quarter				Six Months
	2018		2017		2018		2017
	(in millions)
Scheduled net earned premiums	$	53	$	56	$	107	$	113
Accelerations:
Refundings	24		18		38		36
Terminations	1		10		7		11
Total Accelerations	25		28		45		47
Accretion of discount on net premiums receivable	3		3		5		5
Net earned premiums (1)	$	81	$	87	$	157	$	165

____________________


(1)	Excludes $3 million and $3 million for Second Quarter 2018 and 2017, respectively, and $6 million and $7 million for Six Months 2018 and 2017, respectively, related to consolidated FG VIEs.

Gross Premium Receivable

Roll Forward



	Six Months
	2018			2017
	(in millions)
December 31,	$	730		$	358
Premiums receivable from acquisitions	—			274
Gross written premiums on new business (2)	127			179
Gross premiums received	(126		)	(146		)
Adjustments:
Changes in the expected term	(2		)	2
Accretion of discount	(2		)	7
Foreign exchange translation (3)	(12		)	34
Cancellation of assumed reinsurance	(10		)	—
June 30, (1)	$	705		$	708

____________________


(1)	Excludes $3 million and $4 million as of June 30, 2018 and June 30, 2017, respectively, related to consolidated FG VIEs.


(2)	For transactions where the Company replaces a previous Assured Guaranty financial guaranty contract, gross premiums written represents only the incremental gross premium written in excess of the original gross premiums written.


(3)	Includes foreign exchange gain (loss) on remeasurement recorded in the condensed combined statements of operations of $(36) million in Second Quarter 2018, $24 million Second Quarter 2017, $(13) million in Six Months 2018 and $33 million in Six Months 2017.

Approximately 90%, 89% and 89% of installment premiums at June 30, 2018, December 31, 2017 and June 30, 2017, respectively, are denominated in currencies other than the U.S. dollar, primarily the euro and pound sterling.

The timing and cumulative amount of actual collections may differ from expected collections in the tables below due to factors such as foreign exchange rate fluctuations, counterparty collectability issues, accelerations, commutations and changes in expected lives.

Expected Collections of

Financial Guaranty Insurance Gross Premiums Receivable

(Undiscounted)



	As of June 30, 2018
	(in millions)
2018 (July 1 - September 30)	$	22
2018 (October 1 - December 31)	18
2019	62
2020	75
2021	59
2022	54
2023-2027	226
2028-2032	154
2033-2037	82
After 2037	91
Total (1)	$	843

____________________


(1)	Excludes expected cash collections on FG VIEs of $4 million.

Scheduled Financial Guaranty Insurance Net Earned Premiums



	As of June 30, 2018
	(in millions)
2018 (July 1 - September 30)	$	52
2018 (October 1 - December 31)	50
Subtotal 2018	102
2019	177
2020	162
2021	148
2022	136
2023-2027	528
2028-2032	343
2033-2037	207
After 2037	189
Net deferred premium revenue(1)	1,992
Future accretion	102
Total future net earned premiums	$	2,094

____________________


(1)	Excludes scheduled net earned premiums on FG VIEs of $64 million.

Selected Information for Financial Guaranty Insurance

Policies Paid in Installments



	As of June 30, 2018			As of December 31, 2017
	(dollars in millions)
Premiums receivable	$	705		$	730
Gross deferred premium revenue	946			994
Weighted-average risk-free rate used to discount premiums	2.2		%	2.3		%
Weighted-average period of premiums receivable (in years)	9.5			9.6

Financial Guaranty Insurance Losses

Insurance Contracts' Loss Information

The following table provides information on net reserve (salvage), comprised of loss and LAE reserves and salvage and subrogation recoverable, both net of reinsurance. The Company used risk-free rates for U.S. dollar denominated financial guaranty insurance obligations that ranged from 0.0% to 3.03% with a weighted average of 2.85% as of June 30, 2018 and 0.0% to 2.78% with a weighted average of 2.40% as of December 31, 2017.

Net Reserve (Salvage)



	As of June 30, 2018			As of December 31, 2017
	(in millions)
Public finance:
U.S. public finance	$	417		$	447
Non-U.S. public finance	13			15
Public finance	430			462
Structured finance:
U.S. RMBS	75			53
Other structured finance	8			10
Structured finance	83			63
Subtotal	513			525
Elimination of losses attributable to FG VIEs	(48		)	(47		)
Total	$	465		$	478

Components of Net Reserves (Salvage)



	As of June 30, 2018			As of December 31, 2017
	(in millions)
Loss and LAE reserve	$	858		$	931
Reinsurance recoverable on unpaid losses	(189		)	(227		)
Loss and LAE reserve, net	669			704
Salvage and subrogation recoverable	(271		)	(297		)
Salvage and subrogation payable(1)	67			71
Salvage and subrogation recoverable, net	(204		)	(226		)
Net reserves (salvage)	$	465		$	478

____________________


(1)	Recorded as a component of reinsurance balances payable.

The table below provides a reconciliation of net expected loss to be paid to net expected loss to be expensed. Expected loss to be paid differs from expected loss to be expensed due to: (i) the contra-paid which represent the claim payments made and recoveries received that have not yet been recognized in the statement of operations, (ii) salvage and subrogation recoverable for transactions that are in a net recovery position where the Company has not yet received recoveries on claims previously paid (and therefore recognized in income but not yet received), and (iii) loss reserves that have already been established (and therefore expensed but not yet paid).

Reconciliation of Net Expected Loss to be Paid and

Net Expected Loss to be Expensed

Financial Guaranty Insurance Contracts



	As of June 30, 2018
	(in millions)
Net expected loss to be paid - financial guaranty insurance (1)	$	593
Contra-paid, net	39
Salvage and subrogation recoverable, net of reinsurance	204
Loss and LAE reserve, net of reinsurance	(669		)
Net expected loss to be expensed (present value) (2)	$	167

____________________

(1) See "Net Expected Loss to be Paid (Recovered) by Accounting Model" table in Note 5, Expected Loss to be Paid.

(2) Excludes $41 million as of June 30, 2018, related to consolidated FG VIEs.

The following table provides a schedule of the expected timing of net expected losses to be expensed. The amount and timing of actual loss and LAE may differ from the estimates shown below due to factors such as accelerations, commutations, changes in expected lives and updates to loss estimates. This table excludes amounts related to FG VIEs, which are eliminated in consolidation.

Net Expected Loss to be Expensed

Financial Guaranty Insurance Contracts



	As of June 30, 2018
	(in millions)
2018 (July 1 - September 30)	$	4
2018 (October 1 - December 31)	4
Subtotal 2018	8
2019	19
2020	19
2021	16
2022	13
2023-2027	52
2028-2032	24
2033-2037	13
After 2037	3
Net expected loss to be expensed	167
Future accretion	63
Total expected future loss and LAE	$	230

The following table presents the loss and LAE recorded in the condensed combined statements of operations by sector for insurance contracts. Amounts presented are net of reinsurance.

Loss and LAE

Reported on the

Condensed Combined Statements of Operations



	Loss (Benefit)
	Second Quarter						Six Months
	2018			2017			2018			2017
	(in millions)
Public finance:
U.S. public finance	$	51		$	38		$	29		$	78
Non-U.S. public finance	0			(1		)	(1		)	(1		)
Public finance	51			37			28			77
Structured finance:
U.S. RMBS	(10		)	6			13			(7		)
Other structured finance	0			0			(1		)	(9		)
Structured finance	(10		)	6			12			(16		)
Loss and LAE on insurance contracts before FG VIE consolidation	41			43			40			61
Gain (loss) related to FG VIE consolidation	3			(3		)	(4		)	(5		)
Loss and LAE	$	44		$	40		$	36		$	56

The following table provides information on financial guaranty insurance contracts categorized as BIG.

Financial Guaranty Insurance

BIG Transaction Loss Summary

As of June 30, 2018



	BIG Categories
	BIG 1						BIG 2						BIG 3						Total BIG, Net			Effect of Consolidating VIEs			Total
	Gross			Ceded			Gross			Ceded			Gross			Ceded			Total BIG, Net			Effect of Consolidating VIEs			Total
	(dollars in millions)
Number of risks(1)	63			(52		)	5			(4		)	51			(49		)	119			—			119
Remaining weighted-average contract period (in years)	8.1			7.5			4.7			3.2			9.5			9.9			8.8			—			8.8
Outstanding exposure:
Principal	$	2,223		$	(556	)	$	416		$	(50	)	$	4,652		$	(1,114	)	$	5,571		$	—		$	5,571
Interest	994			(228		)	116			(9		)	2,237			(524		)	2,586			—			2,586
Total(2)	$	3,217		$	(784	)	$	532		$	(59	)	$	6,889		$	(1,638	)	$	8,157		$	—		$	8,157
Expected cash outflows (inflows)	$	78		$	(19	)	$	74		$	(6	)	$	2,559		$	(541	)	$	2,145		$	(254	)	$	1,891
Potential recoveries (3)	(240		)	34			(39		)	1			(1,580		)	430			(1,394		)	159			(1,235		)
Subtotal	(162		)	15			35			(5		)	979			(111		)	751			(95		)	656
Discount	43			(7		)	(3		)	0			(79		)	(38		)	(84		)	21			(63		)
Present value of expected cash flows	$	(119	)	$	8		$	32		$	(5	)	$	900		$	(149	)	$	667		$	(74	)	$	593
Deferred premium revenue	$	63		$	(13	)	$	73		$	(3	)	$	265		$	(29	)	$	356		$	(64	)	$	292
Reserves (salvage)	$	(139	)	$	12		$	14		$	(4	)	$	760		$	(130	)	$	513		$	(48	)	$	465

Financial Guaranty Insurance

BIG Transaction Loss Summary

As of December 31, 2017



	BIG Categories
	BIG 1						BIG 2						BIG 3						Total BIG, Net			Effect of Consolidating VIEs			Total
	Gross			Ceded			Gross			Ceded			Gross			Ceded			Total BIG, Net			Effect of Consolidating VIEs			Total
	(dollars in millions)
Number of risks(1)	65			(54		)	7			(6		)	51			(49		)	123			—			123
Remaining weighted-average contract period (in years)	9.1			8.0			11.6			5.0			9.0			10.2			9.3			—			9.3
Outstanding exposure:
Principal	$	3,712		$	(867	)	$	751		$	(65	)	$	4,517		$	(1,139	)	$	6,909		$	—		$	6,909
Interest	1,860			(351		)	481			(24		)	2,027			(544		)	3,449			—			3,449
Total(2)	$	5,572		$	(1,218	)	$	1,232		$	(89	)	$	6,544		$	(1,683	)	$	10,358		$	—		$	10,358
Expected cash outflows (inflows)	$	140		$	(42	)	$	325		$	(16	)	$	2,451		$	(591	)	$	2,267		$	(258	)	$	2,009
Potential recoveries (3)	(255		)	36			(64		)	1			(1,692		)	462			(1,512		)	161			(1,351		)
Subtotal	(115		)	(6		)	261			(15		)	759			(129		)	755			(97		)	658
Discount	30			(3		)	(73		)	3			20			(36		)	(59		)	19			(40		)
Present value of expected cash flows	$	(85	)	$	(9	)	$	188		$	(12	)	$	779		$	(165	)	$	696		$	(78	)	$	618
Deferred premium revenue	$	73		$	(15	)	$	88		$	(4	)	$	283		$	(35	)	$	390		$	(69	)	$	321
Reserves (salvage)	$	(110	)	$	(3	)	$	160		$	(10	)	$	631		$	(143	)	$	525		$	(47	)	$	478

____________________


(1)	A risk represents the aggregate of the financial guaranty policies that share the same revenue source for purposes of making debt service payments. The ceded number of risks represents the number of risks for which the Company ceded a portion of its exposure.


(2)	Includes BIG amounts related to FG VIEs.


(3)	Includes excess spread and R&W receivables and payables.

Ratings Impact on Financial Guaranty Business

A downgrade of the Company may result in increased claims under financial guaranties issued by the Company if counterparties exercise contractual rights triggered by the downgrade against insured obligors, and the insured obligors are unable to pay.

Since the filing with the SEC of the annual combined financial statements of AGM for the year ended December 31, 2017, there have been no material changes to (i) the Company's potential termination payments under interest rate swaps, (ii) the variable rate demand obligations exposure, and (iii) the potential payment obligations under guaranteed investment contracts and availability of sufficient eligible and liquid assets to AGMH's former subsidiary FSA Asset Management LLC to satisfy any expected withdrawal and collateral posting obligations. See Note 6, Contracts Accounted for as Insurance, in the annual combined financial statements of AGM included in Exhibit 99.1 in AGL's Form 8-K dated March 20, 2018, filed with the SEC for additional information.

7. Fair Value Measurement

The Company carries a significant portion of its assets and liabilities at fair value. Fair value is defined as the price that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date (i.e., exit price). The price represents the price available in the principal market for the asset or liability. If there is no principal market, then the price is based on a hypothetical market that maximizes the value received for an asset or minimizes the amount paid for a liability (i.e., the most advantageous market).

Fair value is based on quoted market prices, where available. If listed prices or quotes are not available, fair value is based on either internally developed models that primarily use, as inputs, market-based or independently sourced market parameters, including but not limited to yield curves, interest rates and debt prices, or with the assistance of an independent third-party using a discounted cash flow approach and the third party’s proprietary pricing models. In addition to market information, models also incorporate transaction details, such as maturity of the instrument and contractual features designed to reduce the Company’s credit exposure, such as collateral rights as applicable.

Valuation adjustments may be made to ensure that financial instruments are recorded at fair value. These adjustments include amounts to reflect counterparty credit quality, the Company’s creditworthiness and constraints on liquidity. As markets and products develop and the pricing for certain products becomes more or less transparent, the Company may refine its methodologies and assumptions. During Six Months 2018, no changes were made to the Company’s valuation models that had or are expected to have a material impact on the Company’s condensed combined balance sheets or statements of operations and comprehensive income.

The Company’s methods for calculating fair value produce a fair value that may not be indicative of net realizable value or reflective of future fair values. The use of different methodologies or assumptions to determine fair value of certain financial instruments could result in a different estimate of fair value at the reporting date.

The categorization within the fair value hierarchy is determined based on whether the inputs to valuation techniques used to measure fair value are observable or unobservable. Observable inputs reflect market data obtained from independent sources, while unobservable inputs reflect Company estimates of market assumptions. The fair value hierarchy prioritizes model inputs into three broad levels as follows, with Level 1 being the highest and Level 3 the lowest. An asset's or liability’s categorization is based on the lowest level of significant input to its valuation.

Level 1—Quoted prices for identical instruments in active markets. The Company generally defines an active market as a market in which trading occurs at significant volumes. Active markets generally are more liquid and have a lower bid-ask spread than an inactive market.

Level 2—Quoted prices for similar instruments in active markets; quoted prices for identical or similar instruments in markets that are not active; and observable inputs other than quoted prices, such as interest rates or yield curves and other inputs derived from or corroborated by observable market inputs.

Level 3—Model derived valuations in which one or more significant inputs or significant value drivers are unobservable. Financial instruments are considered Level 3 when their values are determined using pricing models, discounted cash flow methodologies or similar techniques and at least one significant model assumption or input is unobservable. Level 3 financial instruments also include those for which the determination of fair value requires significant management judgment or estimation.

Transfers between Levels 1, 2 and 3 are recognized at the end of the period when the transfer occurs. The Company reviews the classification between Levels 1, 2 and 3 quarterly to determine whether a transfer is necessary. During the periods

presented, there were no transfers between Level 1, Level 2 and Level 3.

Measured and Carried at Fair Value

Fixed-Maturity Securities and Short-Term Investments

The fair value of bonds in the investment portfolio is generally based on prices received from third party pricing services or alternative pricing sources with reasonable levels of price transparency. The pricing services prepare estimates of fair value measurements using their pricing models, which take into account: benchmark yields, reported trades, broker/dealer quotes, issuer spreads, two-sided markets, benchmark securities, bids, offers, reference data, industry and economic events, and

sector groupings. Additional valuation factors that can be taken into account are nominal spreads and liquidity adjustments. The pricing services evaluate each asset class based on relevant market and credit information, perceived market movements, and sector news.

Benchmark yields have in many cases taken priority over reported trades for securities that trade less frequently or those that are distressed trades, and therefore may not be indicative of the market. The extent of the use of each input is dependent on the asset class and the market conditions. The valuation of fixed-maturity investments is more subjective when markets are less liquid due to the lack of market based inputs.

Short-term investments that are traded in active markets, are classified within Level 1 in the fair value hierarchy and their value is based on quoted market prices. Securities such as discount notes are classified within Level 2 because these securities are typically not actively traded due to their approaching maturity and, as such, their cost approximates fair value.

Annually, the Company reviews each pricing service’s procedures, controls and models, as well as the competency of the pricing service’s key personnel. In addition, on a quarterly basis, the Company holds a meeting of the internal valuation committee (comprised of individuals within the Company with market, valuation, accounting, and/or finance experience) that reviews and approves prices and assumptions used by the pricing services.

The Company, on a quarterly basis:


•	reviews methodologies for Level 3 securities. any model updates and inputs for Level 3 securities, and compares such information to management’s own market information and, where applicable, the internal models,


•	reviews internally developed analytic packages for all securities that highlight, at a CUSIP level, price changes from the previous quarter to the current quarter, and evaluates, documents, and resolves any significant pricing differences with the assistance of the third party pricing source, and


•	compares prices received from different third party pricing sources for Level 3, and evaluates, documents the rationale for, and resolves any significant pricing differences for Level 3.

As of June 30, 2018, the Company used models to price 53 securities (primarily securities that were purchased or obtained for loss mitigation or other risk management purposes), which were 10% or $591 million of the Company's fixed-maturity securities and short-term investments at fair value. Most Level 3 securities were priced with the assistance of an independent third-party. The pricing is based on a discounted cash flow approach using the third-party’s proprietary pricing models. The models use inputs such as projected prepayment speeds; severity assumptions; recovery lag assumptions; estimated default rates (determined on the basis of an analysis of collateral attributes, historical collateral performance, borrower profiles and other features relevant to the evaluation of collateral credit quality); home price appreciation/depreciation rates based on macroeconomic forecasts and recent trading activity. The yield used to discount the projected cash flows is determined by reviewing various attributes of the bond including collateral type, weighted average life, sensitivity to losses, vintage, and convexity, in conjunction with market data on comparable securities. Significant changes to any of these inputs could materially change the expected timing of cash flows within these securities which is a significant factor in determining the fair value of the securities.

Other Invested Assets

As of June 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017, other invested assets included investments carried and measured at fair value on a recurring basis of $43 million and $47 million, respectively, and included primarily preferred stock investments in the global property catastrophe risk market and in a fund that invested primarily in senior loans and bonds. Fair values for the preferred stock investments are based on their respective net asset value (NAV) per share or equivalent.

Other Assets

Committed Capital Securities (CCS)

The fair value of AGM Committed Preferred Trust Securities (the AGM CPS), which is recorded in “other assets” on the condensed combined balance sheets, represents the difference between the present value of remaining expected put option premium payments under AGM CPS agreements, and the estimated present value that the Company would hypothetically have to pay currently for a comparable security (see Note 15, Credit Facilities). The AGM CPS are carried at fair value with changes in fair value recorded in other income in the condensed combined statement of operations. The estimated current cost of the AGM CPS is based on several factors, including AGM CDS spreads, London Interbank Offered Rate (LIBOR) curve projections, Assured Guaranty's publicly traded debt and the term the securities are estimated to remain outstanding.

Contracts Accounted for as Credit Derivatives

The Company’s credit derivatives consist primarily of insured CDS contracts, and also include interest rate swaps that fall under derivative accounting standards requiring fair value accounting through the statement of operations. The following is a description of the fair value methodology applied to the Company's insured CDS that are accounted for as credit derivatives, which constitute the vast majority of the net credit derivative liability in the condensed combined balance sheets. The Company did not enter into CDS with the intent to trade these contracts and the Company may not unilaterally terminate a CDS contract absent an event of default or termination event that entitles the Company to terminate such contracts; however, the Company has mutually agreed with various counterparties to terminate certain CDS transactions. In transactions where the counterparty does not have the right to terminate, such transactions are generally terminated for an amount that approximates the present value of future premiums or for a negotiated amount, rather than at fair value.

The terms of the Company’s CDS contracts differ from more standardized credit derivative contracts sold by companies outside the financial guaranty industry. The non-standard terms generally include the absence of collateral support agreements or immediate settlement provisions. In addition, the Company employs relatively high attachment points and does not exit derivatives it sells, except under specific circumstances such as mutual agreements with counterparties. Management considers the non-standard terms of its credit derivative contracts in determining the fair value of these contracts.

Due to the lack of quoted prices and other observable inputs for its instruments or for similar instruments, the Company determines the fair value of its credit derivative contracts primarily through internally developed, proprietary models that use both observable and unobservable market data inputs. There is no established market where financial guaranty insured credit derivatives are actively traded, therefore, management has determined that the exit market for the Company’s credit derivatives is a hypothetical one based on its entry market. Management has tracked the historical pricing of the Company’s transactions to establish historical price points in the hypothetical market that are used in the fair value calculation. These contracts are classified as Level 3 in the fair value hierarchy since there is reliance on at least one unobservable input deemed significant to the valuation model, most importantly the Company’s estimate of the value of the non-standard terms and conditions of its credit derivative contracts and how the Company’s own credit spread affects the pricing of its transactions.

The fair value of the Company’s credit derivative contracts represents the difference between the present value of remaining premiums the Company expects to receive or pay and the estimated present value of premiums that a financial guarantor of comparable credit-worthiness would hypothetically charge or pay at the reporting date for the same protection. The fair value of the Company’s credit derivatives depends on a number of factors, including notional amount of the contract, expected term, credit spreads, changes in interest rates, the credit ratings of referenced entities, the Company’s own credit risk and remaining contractual cash flows. The expected remaining contractual premium cash flows are the most readily observable inputs since they are based on the CDS contractual terms. Credit spreads capture the effect of recovery rates and performance of underlying assets of these contracts, among other factors. Consistent with previous years, market conditions at June 30, 2018 were such that market prices of the Company’s CDS contracts were not available.

Assumptions and Inputs

The various inputs and assumptions that are key to the establishment of the Company’s fair value for CDS contracts are as follows: the gross spread, the allocation of gross spread among the bank profit, net spread and hedge cost, and the weighted average life which is based on debt service schedules. The Company obtains gross spreads on its outstanding contracts from market data sources published by third parties (e.g., dealer spread tables for the collateral similar to assets within the Company’s transactions), as well as collateral-specific spreads provided by trustees or obtained from market sources. The bank profit represents the profit the originator, usually an investment bank, realizes for structuring and funding the transaction; the net spread represents the premiums paid to the Company for the Company’s credit protection provided; and the hedge cost represents the cost of CDS protection purchased by the originator to hedge its counterparty credit risk exposure to the Company.

With respect to CDS transactions for which there is an expected claim payment within the next twelve months, the allocation of gross spread reflects a higher allocation to the cost of credit rather than the bank profit component. In the current market, it is assumed that a bank would be willing to accept a lower profit on distressed transactions in order to remove these transactions from its financial statements.

The following spread hierarchy is utilized in determining which source of gross spread to use. Market sources determine credit spreads by reviewing new issuance pricing for specific asset classes and receiving price quotes from their trading desks for the specific asset in question. Management validates these quotes by cross-referencing quotes received from one market source against quotes received from another market source to ensure reasonableness. In addition, the Company

compares the relative change in price quotes received from one quarter to another, with the relative change experienced by published market indices for a specific asset class. Collateral specific spreads obtained from third-party, independent market sources are un-published spread quotes from market participants or market traders who are not trustees. Management obtains this information as the result of direct communication with these sources as part of the valuation process.


•	Actual collateral specific credit spreads (if up-to-date and reliable market-based spreads are available).


•	Transactions priced or closed during a specific quarter within a specific asset class and specific rating. No transactions closed during the periods presented.


•	Credit spreads interpolated based upon market indices adjusted to reflect the non-standard terms of the Company's CDS contracts.


•	Credit spreads provided by the counterparty of the CDS.


•	Credit spreads extrapolated based upon transactions of similar asset classes, similar ratings, and similar time to maturity.

The rates used to discount future expected premium cash flows ranged from 2.54% to 2.88% at June 30, 2018 and 1.97% to 2.29% at December 31, 2017.

The Company interpolates a curve based on the historical relationship between the premium the Company receives when a credit derivative is closed to the daily closing price of the market index related to the specific asset class and rating of the transaction. This curve indicates expected credit spreads at each indicative level on the related market index. For transactions with unique terms or characteristics where no price quotes are available, management extrapolates credit spreads based on a similar transaction for which the Company has received a spread quote from one of the first three sources within the Company’s spread hierarchy. This alternative transaction will be within the same asset class, have similar underlying assets, similar credit ratings, and similar time to maturity. The Company then calculates the percentage of relative spread change quarter over quarter for the alternative transaction. This percentage change is then applied to the historical credit spread of the transaction for which no price quote was received in order to calculate the transaction's current spread.

The premium the Company receives is referred to as the “net spread.” The Company’s pricing model takes into account not only how credit spreads on risks that it assumes affect pricing, but also how the Company’s own credit spread affects the pricing of its transactions. The Company’s own credit risk is factored into the determination of net spread based on the impact of changes in the quoted market price for credit protection bought on the Company, as reflected by quoted market prices on CDS referencing AGM. For credit spreads on the Company’s name the Company obtains the quoted price of CDS contracts traded on AGM from market data sources published by third parties. The cost to acquire CDS protection referencing AGM affects the amount of spread on CDS transactions that the Company retains and, hence, their fair value.

As the cost to acquire CDS protection referencing AGM increases, the amount of premium the Company retains on a transaction generally decreases.

In the Company’s valuation model, the premium the Company captures is not permitted to go below the minimum rate that the Company would currently charge to assume similar risks. This assumption can have the effect of mitigating the amount of unrealized gains that are recognized on certain CDS contracts. Given the current market conditions and the Company’s own credit spreads, approximately 0.5%, 1% and 1% based on fair value, of the Company's CDS contracts were fair valued using this minimum premium as of June 30, 2018, March 31, 2018 and December 31, 2017, respectively. The percentage of transactions that price using the minimum premiums fluctuates due to changes in AGM's credit spreads. In general when AGM's credit spreads narrow, the cost to hedge AGM's name declines and more transactions price above previously established floor levels. Meanwhile, when AGM's credit spreads widen, the cost to hedge AGM's name increases causing more transactions to price at previously established floor levels. The Company corroborates the assumptions in its fair value model, including the portion of exposure to AGM hedged by its counterparties, with independent third parties each reporting period. The current level of AGM’s own credit spread has resulted in the bank or transaction originator hedging a portion of its exposure to AGM. This reduces the amount of contractual cash flows AGM can capture as premium for selling its protection.

The amount of premium a financial guaranty insurance market participant can demand is inversely related to the cost of credit protection on the insurance company as measured by market credit spreads assuming all other assumptions remain constant. This is because the buyers of credit protection typically hedge a portion of their risk to the financial guarantor, due to

the fact that the contractual terms of the Company's contracts typically do not require the posting of collateral by the guarantor. The extent of the hedge depends on the types of instruments insured and the current market conditions.

A credit derivative liability on protection sold is the result of contractual cash inflows on in-force transactions that are less than what a hypothetical financial guarantor could receive if it sold protection on the same risk as of the reporting date. If the Company were able to freely exchange these contracts (i.e., assuming its contracts did not contain proscriptions on transfer and there was a viable exchange market), it would realize a loss representing the difference between the lower contractual premiums to which it is entitled and the current market premiums for a similar contract. The Company determines the fair value of its CDS contracts by applying the difference between the current net spread and the contractual net spread for the remaining duration of each contract to the notional value of its CDS contracts and taking the present value of such amounts discounted at the corresponding LIBOR over the weighted average remaining life of the contract.

Strengths and Weaknesses of Model

The Company's credit derivative valuation model, like any financial model, has certain strengths and weaknesses.

The primary strengths of the Company's CDS modeling techniques are:


•	The model takes into account the transaction structure and the key drivers of market value.


•	The model maximizes the use of market-driven inputs whenever they are available.


•	The model is a consistent approach to valuing positions.

The primary weaknesses of the Company's CDS modeling techniques are:


•	There is no exit market or any actual exit transactions therefore, the Company’s exit market is a hypothetical one based on the Company’s entry market.


•	There is a very limited market in which to validate the reasonableness of the fair values developed by the Company’s model.


•	The markets for the inputs to the model are highly illiquid, which impacts their reliability.


•	Due to the non-standard terms under which the Company enters into derivative contracts, the fair value of its credit derivatives may not reflect the same prices observed in an actively traded market of credit derivatives that do not contain terms and conditions similar to those observed in the financial guaranty market.

Fair Value Option on FG VIEs’ Assets and Liabilities

The Company elected the fair value option for all the FG VIEs’ assets and liabilities and classifies them as Level 3 in the fair value hierarchy as the lowest level input that is significant to their fair value is unobservable. The prices are generally determined with the assistance of an independent third-party, based on a discounted cash flow approach. Interest income and interest expense are derived from the trustee reports and also included in “fair value gains (losses) on FG VIEs.” The FG VIEs issued securities collateralized by first lien and second lien RMBS.

The fair value of the Company’s FG VIEs’ assets is generally sensitive to changes related to estimated prepayment speeds; estimated default rates (determined on the basis of an analysis of collateral attributes such as: historical collateral performance, borrower profiles and other features relevant to the evaluation of collateral credit quality); yields implied by market prices for similar securities; and house price depreciation/appreciation rates based on macroeconomic forecasts. Significant changes to some of these inputs could materially change the market value of the FG VIEs’ assets and the implied collateral losses within the transaction. In general, the fair value of the FG VIEs’ assets is most sensitive to changes in the projected collateral losses, where an increase in collateral losses typically leads to a decrease in the fair value of FG VIEs’ assets, while a decrease in collateral losses typically leads to an increase in the fair value of FG VIEs’ assets. The third-party utilizes an internal model to determine an appropriate yield at which to discount the cash flows of the security, by factoring in collateral types, weighted average lives, and other structural attributes specific to the security being priced. The expected yield is further calibrated by utilizing algorithms designed to aggregate market color, received by the independent third-party, on comparable bonds.

The models to price the FG VIEs’ liabilities used, where appropriate, the same inputs used in determining fair value of FG VIEs’ assets and, for those liabilities insured by the Company, the benefit from the Company's insurance policy guaranteeing the timely payment of principal and interest, taking into account the Company’s own credit risk.

Significant changes to any of the inputs described above could materially change the timing of expected losses within the insured transaction which is a significant factor in determining the implied benefit from the Company’s insurance policy guaranteeing the timely payment of principal and interest for the tranches of debt issued by the FG VIE that is insured by the Company. In general, extending the timing of expected loss payments by the Company into the future typically leads to a decrease in the value of the Company’s insurance and a decrease in the fair value of the Company’s FG VIEs’ liabilities with recourse, while a shortening of the timing of expected loss payments by the Company typically leads to an increase in the value of the Company’s insurance and an increase in the fair value of the Company’s FG VIEs’ liabilities with recourse.

Not Carried at Fair Value

The following financial instruments are not carried at fair value:


•	Certain investments within Other Invested Assets:

◦Surplus Note issued by AGC to AGM (classified as Level 3 for fair value disclosure).


◦	As of June 30, 2018, Other Invested Assets included equity securities of $25 million that are accounted for under the equity method.


•	Other Assets and Other Liabilities, which consist predominantly of accrued interest, receivables for securities sold and payables for securities purchased, the carrying values of which approximate fair value.


•	Financial Guaranty Insurance Contracts (classified as Level 3 for fair value disclosure).


•	Notes Payable, which are included in other liabilities (classified as Level 3 for fair value disclosure).

Financial Instruments Carried at Fair Value

Amounts recorded at fair value in the Company's financial statements are presented in the tables below.

Fair Value Hierarchy of Financial Instruments Carried at Fair Value

As of June 30, 2018



			Fair Value Hierarchy
	Fair Value		Level 1		Level 2		Level 3
	(in millions)
Assets:
Investment portfolio, available-for-sale(1):
Fixed-maturity securities
Obligations of state and political subdivisions	$	3,300	$	—	$	3,268	$	32
U.S. government and agencies	40		—		40		—
Corporate securities	977		—		914		63
Mortgage-backed securities:
RMBS	373		—		86		287
Commercial mortgage-backed securities (CMBS)	276		—		276		—
Asset-backed securities	225		—		16		209
Non-U.S. government securities	312		—		312		—
Total fixed-maturity securities	5,503		—		4,912		591
Short-term investments	383		220		163		—
Other invested assets (2)	6		—		—		6
FG VIEs’ assets, at fair value (3)	515		—		—		515
Other assets (3)	29		—		—		29
Total assets carried at fair value	$	6,436	$	220	$	5,075	$	1,141
Liabilities:
FG VIEs’ liabilities with recourse, at fair value (4)	$	452	—		—		$	452
FG VIEs’ liabilities without recourse, at fair value (3)	106		—		—		106
Other liabilities (3) (5)	47		—		—		47
Total liabilities carried at fair value	$	605	$	—	$	—	$	605

Fair Value Hierarchy of Financial Instruments Carried at Fair Value

As of December 31, 2017



			Fair Value Hierarchy
	Fair Value		Level 1		Level 2		Level 3
	(in millions)
Assets:
Investment portfolio, available-for-sale(1):
Fixed-maturity securities
Obligations of state and political subdivisions	$	3,615	$	—	$	3,594	$	21
U.S. government and agencies	25		—		25		—
Corporate securities	941		—		874		67
Mortgage-backed securities:
RMBS	374		—		74		300
CMBS	257		—		257		—
Asset-backed securities	142		—		4		138
Non-U.S. government securities	305		—		305		—
Total fixed-maturity securities	5,659		—		5,133		526
Short-term investments	364		220		144		—
Other invested assets (2)	6		—		—		6
FG VIEs’ assets, at fair value (3)	577		—		—		577
Other assets (3)	30		—		—		30
Total assets carried at fair value	$	6,636	$	220	$	5,277	$	1,139
Liabilities:
FG VIEs’ liabilities with recourse, at fair value (3)	$	495	$	—	$	—	$	495
FG VIEs’ liabilities without recourse, at fair value (3)	128		—		—		128
Other liabilities (3) (5)	49		—		—		49
Total liabilities carried at fair value	$	672	$	—	$	—	$	672

____________________

(1) Change in fair value is included in OCI.


(2)	Excludes investments of $41 million and $45 million as of June 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017, respectively, measured using NAV per share with fair value recorded in the condensed combined statement of operations. Includes Level 3 mortgage loans that are recorded at fair value on a non-recurring basis.

(3) Change in fair value is included in net income.


(4)	Change in fair value attributable to ISCR is recorded in OCI with the remainder of the change in fair value recorded in net income.

(5) Include CDS liabilities. See Note 8. Contracts Accounted for as Credit Derivatives.

Changes in Level 3 Fair Value Measurements

The tables below present a roll forward of the Company's Level 3 financial instruments carried at fair value on a recurring basis during Second Quarter 2018 and 2017 and Six Months 2018 and 2017.

Fair Value Level 3 Rollforward

Recurring Basis

Second Quarter 2018



	Fixed-Maturity Securities
	Obligations of State and Political Subdivisions				Corporate Securities				RMBS					Asset- Backed Securities					FG VIEs’ Assets at Fair Value					Other (7)				Credit Derivative Asset (Liability), net (5)					FG VIEs' Liabilities with Recourse, at Fair Value					FG VIEs’ Liabilities without Recourse, at Fair Value
	(in millions)
Fair value as of March 31, 2018	$	24			$	62			$	289				$	148				$	534				$	30			$	(48	)			$	(473	)			$	(108	)
Total pretax realized and unrealized gains/(losses) recorded in:(1)
Net income (loss)	0		(2	)	1		(2	)	6			(2	)	1			(2	)	2			(3	)	0		(4	)	2			(6	)	(2		)	(3	)	1			(3	)
Other comprehensive income (loss)	8				0				(3		)			0					—					—				—					3					—
Purchases	—				—				9					71					—					—				—					—					—
Settlements	—				—				(14		)			(11		)			(21		)			—				0					20					1
Fair value as of June 30, 2018	$	32			$	63			$	287				$	209				$	515				$	30			$	(46	)			$	(452	)			$	(106	)
Change in unrealized gains/(losses) related to financial instruments held as of June 30, 2018	$	8			$	0			$	(3	)			$	0				$	4		(3	)	$	0	(4	)	$	1		(6	)	$	2		(3	)	$	1		(3	)

Fair Value Level 3 Rollforward

Recurring Basis

Second Quarter 2017



	Fixed-Maturity Securities
	Obligations of State and Political Subdivisions					Corporate Securities				RMBS					Asset- Backed Securities					FG VIEs’ Assets at Fair Value					Other (7)				Credit Derivative Asset (Liability), net (5)					FG VIEs' Liabilities with Recourse, at Fair Value					FG VIEs’ Liabilities without Recourse, at Fair Value
	(in millions)
Fair value as of March 31, 2017	$	39				$	62			$	365				$	322				$	645				$	30			$	(82	)			$	(575	)			$	(131	)
Total pretax realized and unrealized gains/(losses) recorded in:(1)
Net income (loss)	1			(2	)	1		(2	)	23			(2	)	3			(2	)	9			(3	)	2		(4	)	1			(6	)	1			(3	)	(2		)	(3	)
Other comprehensive income (loss)	(6		)			0				(4		)			(11		)			—					0				—					—					—
Additional paid-in capital	—					—				—					13					—					—				—					—					—
Purchases	—					—				1					—					—					—				—					—					—
Settlements	—					—				(64		)			(271		)			(29		)			—				(3		)			28					4
Fair value as of June 30, 2017	$	34				$	63			$	321				$	56				$	625				$	32			$	(84	)			$	(546	)			$	(129	)
Change in unrealized gains/(losses) related to financial instruments held as of June 30, 2017	$	(6	)			$	0			$	11				$	1				$	17		(3	)	$	1	(4	)	$	(2	)	(6	)	$	0		(3	)	$	(1	)	(3	)

Fair Value Level 3 Rollforward

Recurring Basis

Six Months 2018



	Fixed-Maturity Securities
	Obligations of State and Political Subdivisions					Corporate Securities					RMBS					Asset- Backed Securities					FG VIEs’ Assets at Fair Value					Other Assets (7)					Credit Derivative Asset (Liability), net(5)					FG VIEs' Liabilities with Recourse, at Fair Value					FG VIEs’ Liabilities without Recourse, at Fair Value
	(in millions)
Fair value as of December 31, 2017	$	21				$	67				$	300				$	138				$	577				$	31				$	(48	)			$	(495	)			$	(128	)
Total pretax realized and unrealized gains/(losses) recorded in:(1)
Net income (loss)	1			(2	)	(4		)	(2	)	12			(2	)	2			(2	)	2			(3	)	(1		)	(4	)	1			(6	)	(2		)	(3	)	2			(3	)
Other comprehensive income (loss)	11					0					(9		)			0					—					0					—					1					—
Purchases	—					—					9					80					—					—					—					—					—
Settlements	(1		)			—					(25		)			(11		)			(47		)			—					1					43					4
FG VIE deconsolidations	—					—					—					—					(17		)			—					—					1					16
Fair value as of June 30, 2018	$	32				$	63				$	287				$	209				$	515				$	30				$	(46	)			$	(452	)			$	(106	)
Change in unrealized gains/(losses) related to financial instruments held as of June 30, 2018	$	11				$	0				$	(8	)			$	1				$	7		(3	)	$	(1	)	(4	)	$	0		(6	)	$	0		(3	)	$	1		(3	)

Fair Value Level 3 Rollforward

Recurring Basis

Six Months 2017



	Fixed-Maturity Securities
	Obligations of State and Political Subdivisions					Corporate Securities				RMBS					Asset- Backed Securities					FG VIEs’ Assets at Fair Value					Other Assets (7)				Credit Derivative Asset (Liability), net(5)					FG VIEs' Liabilities with Recourse, at Fair Value					FG VIEs’ Liabilities without Recourse, at Fair Value
	(in millions)
Fair value as of December 31, 2016	$	36				$	60			$	327				$	314				$	644				$	31			$	(90	)			$	(602	)			$	(110	)
AGLN Acquisition	—					—				—					7					—					—				—					—					—
Total pretax realized and unrealized gains/(losses) recorded in:(1)
Net income (loss)	2			(2	)	3		(2	)	20			(2	)	5			(2	)	22			(3	)	1		(4	)	22			(6	)	(5		)	(3	)	(4		)	(3	)
Other comprehensive income (loss)	(2		)			0				23					(5		)			—					0				—					—					—
Additional paid-in capital	—					—				—					13					—					—				—					—					—
Purchases	—					—				28					—					—					—				—					—					—
Settlements	(2		)			—				(77		)			(278		)			(62		)			—				(16		)			61					6
FG VIE consolidations	—					—				—					—					21					—				—					—					(21		)
Fair value as of June 30, 2017	$	34				$	63			$	321				$	56				$	625				$	32			$	(84	)			$	(546	)			$	(129	)
Change in unrealized gains/(losses) related to financial instruments held as of June 30, 2017	$	(2	)			$	0			$	22				$	7				$	34		(3	)	$	0	(4	)	$	2		(6	)	$	(5	)	(3	)	$	(3	)	(3	)

____________________


(1)	Realized and unrealized gains (losses) from changes in values of Level 3 financial instruments represent gains (losses) from changes in values of those financial instruments only for the periods in which the instruments were classified as Level 3.


(2)	Included in net realized investment gains (losses) and net investment income.


(3)	Included in fair value gains (losses) on FG VIEs.


(4)	Recorded in net investment income and other income.


(5)	Represents net position of credit derivatives. The condensed combined balance sheet presents gross assets, included in other assets, and gross liabilities, included in other liabilities, based on net counterparty exposure.


(6)	Reported in net change in fair value of credit derivatives.


(7)	Included CCS and other invested assets.

Level 3 Fair Value Disclosures

Quantitative Information About Level 3 Fair Value Inputs

At June 30, 2018



Financial Instrument Description (1)	Fair Value at June 30, 2018 (in millions)			Significant Unobservable Inputs	Range				Weighted Average as a Percentage of Current Par Outstanding
Assets (2):
Fixed-maturity securities:
Obligations of state and political subdivisions	$	32		Yield	4.5	%	-	23.8%	14.7%

Corporate securities	63			Yield	25.2%

RMBS	287			CPR	3.4	%	-	13.1%	5.6%
				CDR	3.6	%	-	7.1%	5.5%
				Loss severity	50.0	%	-	100.0%	82.3%
				Yield	5.1	%	-	7.9%	5.8%
Asset-backed securities:
Triple-X life insurance transactions	61			Yield	6.5	%	-	6.6%	6.5%

Collateralized loan obligations (CLO)	148			Yield	3.7	%	-	4.1%	4.0%

FG VIEs’ assets, at fair value	515			CPR	1.3	%	-	17.8%	9.1%
				CDR	1.3	%	-	23.2%	5.8%
				Loss Severity	60.0	%	-	100.0%	77.4%
				Yield	4.1	%	-	10.1%	6.7%

Other assets	28			Implied Yield	5.7%
Other assets	28			Term (years)	10 years
Liabilities:
Credit derivative liabilities, net	(46		)	Hedge cost (in bps)	5.3		-	26.5	17.1
				Bank profit (in bps)	16.5		-	115.0	50.3
				Internal floor (in bps)	10.0		-	30.0	30.0
				Internal credit rating	AA+		-	BBB-	A-

FG VIEs’ liabilities, at fair value	(558		)	CPR	1.3	%	-	17.8%	9.1%
				CDR	1.3	%	-	23.2%	5.8%
				Loss Severity	60.0	%	-	100.0%	77.4%
				Yield	3.8	%	-	10.1%	5.4%

___________________


(1)	Discounted cash flow is used as the primary valuation technique for all financial instruments listed in this table.


(2)	Excluded several investments recorded in other invested assets with fair value of $6 million.

Quantitative Information About Level 3 Fair Value Inputs

At December 31, 2017



Financial Instrument Description (1)	Fair Value at December 31, 2017 (in millions)			Significant Unobservable Inputs	Range				Weighted Average as a Percentage of Current Par Outstanding
Assets (2):
Fixed-maturity securities:
Obligations of state and political subdivisions	$	21		Yield	4.5	%	-	39.5%	15.7%

Corporate securities	67			Yield	22.5%

RMBS	300			CPR	3.5	%	-	13.0%	5.9%
				CDR	3.7	%	-	9.2%	6.1%
				Loss severity	55.0	%	-	100.0%	82.4%
				Yield	4.7	%	-	7.5%	5.4%
Asset-backed securities:
Triple-X life insurance transactions	58			Yield	6.2	%	-	6.4%	6.3%

CLO	80			Yield	3.0	%	-	3.4%	3.2%

FG VIEs’ assets, at fair value	577			CPR	3.0	%	-	14.9%	9.4%
				CDR	1.3	%	-	21.7%	5.5%
				Loss severity	60.0	%	-	100.0%	77.2%
				Yield	3.7	%	-	10.0%	6.2%

Other assets	29			Implied Yield	5.2%
Other assets	29			Term (years)	10 years
Liabilities:
Credit derivative liabilities, net	(48		)	Hedge cost (in bps)	20.5		-	61.5	25.5
				Bank profit (in bps)	16.5		-	366.9	90.1
				Internal floor (in bps)	10.0		-	30.0	10.9
				Internal credit rating	AA+		-	BBB-	A-

FG VIEs’ liabilities, at fair value	(623		)	CPR	3.0	%	-	14.9%	9.4%
				CDR	1.3	%	-	21.7%	5.5%
				Loss severity	60.0	%	-	100.0%	77.2%
				Yield	3.4	%	-	10.0%	4.9%

___________________


(1)	Discounted cash flow is used as the primary valuation technique for all financial instruments listed in this table.


(2)	Excluded several investments recorded in other invested assets with fair value of $6 million.

The carrying amount and estimated fair value of the Company's financial instruments are presented in the following table.

Fair Value of Financial Instruments



	As of June 30, 2018				As of December 31, 2017
	Carrying Amount		Estimated Fair Value		Carrying Amount		Estimated Fair Value
	(in millions)
Assets:
Fixed-maturity securities	$	5,503	$	5,503	$	5,659	$	5,659
Short-term investments	383		383		364		364
Other invested assets	348		337		354		359
FG VIEs’ assets, at fair value	515		515		577		577
Other assets	92		92		89		89
Liabilities:
Financial guaranty insurance contracts (1)	1,816		2,961		1,861		3,137
FG VIEs’ liabilities with recourse, at fair value	452		452		495		495
FG VIEs’ liabilities without recourse, at fair value	106		106		128		128
Other liabilities	71		71		55		55

____________________


(1)	Carrying amount includes the assets and liabilities related to financial guaranty insurance contract premiums, losses, and salvage and subrogation and other recoverables net of reinsurance.

8. Contracts Accounted for as Credit Derivatives

The Company has a portfolio of financial guaranty contracts that meet the definition of a derivative in accordance with GAAP (primarily CDS). The credit derivative portfolio also includes interest rate swaps.

Credit derivative transactions are governed by ISDA documentation and have different characteristics from financial guaranty insurance contracts. For example, the Company’s control rights with respect to a reference obligation under a credit derivative may be more limited than when the Company issues a financial guaranty insurance contract. In addition, there are more circumstances under which the Company may be obligated to make payments. Similar to a financial guaranty insurance contract, the Company would be obligated to pay if the obligor failed to make a scheduled payment of principal or interest in full. However, the Company may also be required to pay if the obligor becomes bankrupt or if the reference obligation were restructured if, after negotiation, those credit events are specified in the documentation for the credit derivative transactions. Furthermore, the Company may be required to make a payment due to an event that is unrelated to the performance of the obligation referenced in the credit derivative. If events of default or termination events specified in the credit derivative documentation were to occur, the non-defaulting or the non-affected party, which may be either the Company or the counterparty, depending upon the circumstances, may decide to terminate a credit derivative prior to maturity. In that case, the Company may be required to make a termination payment to its swap counterparty upon such termination. Absent such an event of default or termination event, the Company may not unilaterally terminate a CDS contract; however, the Company on occasion has mutually agreed with various counterparties to terminate certain CDS transactions.

Credit Derivative Net Par Outstanding by Sector

The components of the Company's credit derivative net par outstanding are presented below. The estimated remaining weighted average life of credit derivatives was 6.1 years at June 30, 2018 and 6.7 years at December 31, 2017.

Credit Derivatives



	As of June 30, 2018					As of December 31, 2017
Asset Type	Net Par Outstanding		Net Fair Value			Net Par Outstanding		Net Fair Value
	(in millions)
Regulated utilities	$	173	$	(1	)	$	177	$	0
U.S. RMBS	—		—			25		(1		)
Other(1)	702		(45		)	922		(47		)
Total	$	875	$	(46	)	$	1,124	$	(48	)

____________________


(1)	This comprises numerous transactions across various asset classes, such as municipal utilities, healthcare, tax-supported and transportation revenue.

Distribution of Credit Derivative Net Par Outstanding

by Internal Rating



	As of June 30, 2018				As of December 31, 2017
Ratings	Net Par Outstanding		% of Total		Net Par Outstanding		% of Total
	(dollars in millions)
AA	$	127	14.5	%	$	185	16.5	%
A	434		49.6		526		46.8
BBB	314		35.9		413		36.7
Credit derivative net par outstanding	$	875	100.0	%	$	1,124	100.0	%

Fair Value of Credit Derivatives

Net Change in Fair Value of Credit Derivative Gain (Loss)



	Second Quarter						Six Months
	2018			2017			2018			2017
	(in millions)
Realized gains on credit derivatives	$	1		$	2		$	1		$	6
Net credit derivative losses (paid and payable) recovered and recoverable and other settlements	(1		)	0			(1		)	10
Realized gains (losses) and other settlements	0			2			0			16
Net unrealized gains (losses):
U.S. RMBS	1			0			1			5
Other	1			(1		)	0			1
Net unrealized gains (losses)	2			(1		)	1			6
Net change in fair value of credit derivatives	$	2		$	1		$	1		$	22

During Six Months 2017, unrealized fair value gains were generated primarily as a result of CDS terminations, run-off of net par outstanding, and price improvements on the underlying collateral of the Company’s CDS. During the period the Company agreed to terminate several CDS transactions. This was the primary driver of the unrealized fair value gains in the U.S. RMBS sector. The unrealized fair value gains were partially offset by the decreased cost to buy protection in AGM’s name as the market cost of AGM’s credit protection decreased during the period. Generally, when the cost of purchasing CDS protection on AGM decreased, the implied spreads that the Company would expect to receive on these transactions increased.

The impact of changes in credit spreads will vary based upon the volume, tenor, interest rates, and other market conditions at the time these fair values are determined. In addition, since each transaction has unique collateral and structural terms, the underlying change in fair value of each transaction may vary considerably. The fair value of credit derivative contracts also reflects the change in the Company’s own credit cost based on the price to purchase credit protection on AGM. The Company determines its own credit risk based on quoted CDS prices traded on the Company at each balance sheet date.

CDS Spread on AGM

Quoted price of CDS contract (in basis points)



	As of June 30, 2018	As of March 31, 2018	As of December 31, 2017	As of June 30, 2017	As of March 31, 2017	As of December 31, 2016
Five-year CDS spread	106	109	145	140	181	158
One-year CDS spread	21	22	28	15	31	29

Fair Value of Credit Derivatives Assets (Liabilities)

and Effect of AGM Credit Spreads



	As of June 30, 2018			As of December 31, 2017
	(in millions)
Fair value of credit derivatives before effect of AGM credit spread	$	(48	)	$	(51	)
Plus: Effect of AGM credit spread	2			3
Net fair value of credit derivatives	$	(46	)	$	(48	)

The fair value of CDS contracts at June 30, 2018, before considering the implications of AGM’s credit spreads, is a direct result of continued wide credit spreads in the fixed income security markets and ratings downgrades. Offsetting the benefit attributable to AGM’s credit spread were higher credit spreads in the fixed income security markets. The higher credit spreads in the fixed income security market are due to the lack of liquidity.

Credit Derivatives (1)



	As of June 30, 2018		As of December 31, 2017
	(in millions)
Credit derivative assets	$	1	$	1
Credit derivative liabilities	47		49

____________________

(1) Included in other assets or other liabilities on the condensed combined balance sheets.

9. Consolidated Variable Interest Entities

The Company provides financial guaranties with respect to debt obligations of special purpose entities, including VIEs. AGM does not act as the servicer or collateral manager for any VIE obligations that it insures. The transaction structure generally provides certain financial protections to the Company. This financial protection can take several forms, the most common of which are overcollateralization, first loss protection (or subordination) and excess spread. In the case of overcollateralization (i.e., the principal amount of the securitized assets exceeds the principal amount of the structured finance obligations guaranteed by the Company), the structure allows defaults of the securitized assets before a default is experienced

on the structured finance obligation guaranteed by the Company. In the case of first loss, the financial guaranty insurance policy only covers a senior layer of losses experienced by multiple obligations issued by special purpose entities, including VIEs. The first loss exposure with respect to the assets is either retained by the seller or sold off in the form of equity or mezzanine debt to other investors. In the case of excess spread, the financial assets contributed to special purpose entities, including VIEs, generate interest income that are in excess of the interest payments on the debt issued by the special purpose entity. Such excess spread is typically distributed through the transaction’s cash flow waterfall and may be used to create additional credit enhancement, applied to redeem debt issued by the special purpose entities, including VIEs (thereby, creating additional overcollateralization), or distributed to equity or other investors in the transaction.

AGM is not primarily liable for the debt obligations issued by the VIEs it insures and would only be required to make payments on those insured debt obligations in the event that the issuer of such debt obligations defaults on any principal or interest due and only for the amount of the shortfall. AGM’s creditors do not have any rights with regard to the collateral supporting the debt issued by the FG VIEs. Proceeds from sales, maturities, prepayments and interest from such underlying collateral may only be used to pay debt service on VIEs’ liabilities. Net fair value gains and losses on FG VIEs are expected to reverse to zero at maturity of the VIEs’ debt, except for net premiums received and net claims paid by AGM under the financial guaranty insurance contract. The Company’s estimate of expected loss to be paid for FG VIEs is included in Note 5, Expected Loss to be Paid.

As part of the terms of its financial guaranty contracts, the Company, under its insurance contract, obtains certain protective rights with respect to the VIE that give the Company additional controls over a VIE. These protective rights are triggered by the occurrence of certain events, such as failure to be in compliance with a covenant due to poor deal performance or a deterioration in a servicer or collateral manager's financial condition. At deal inception, the Company typically is not deemed to control a VIE; however, once a trigger event occurs, the Company's control of the VIE typically increases. The Company continuously evaluates its power to direct the activities that most significantly impact the economic performance of VIEs that have debt obligations insured by the Company and, accordingly, where the Company is obligated to absorb VIE losses or receive benefits that could potentially be significant to the VIE. The Company is deemed to be the control party for certain VIEs under GAAP, typically when its protective rights give it the power to both terminate and replace the deal servicer, which are characteristics specific to the Company's financial guaranty contracts. If the protective rights that could make the Company the control party have not been triggered, then the VIE is not consolidated. If the Company is deemed no longer to have those protective rights, the VIE is deconsolidated.

Adoption of ASU 2016-01

Amendments under ASU 2016-01 apply to the Company's FG VIEs’ liabilities which the Company had historically elected to measure through the consolidated statements of operations in "fair value gains (losses) on FG VIEs" under the fair value option. For FG VIEs’ liabilities with recourse, the portion of the change in fair value caused by changes in ISCR must now be separately presented in OCI as opposed to the consolidated statements of operations.

The inception to date change in fair value of the FG VIEs’ liabilities with recourse attributable to the ISCR is calculated by holding all current period assumptions constant for each security and isolating the effect of the change in the Company’s CDS spread from the most recent date of consolidation to the current period. In general, if the Company’s CDS spread tightens more value will be assigned to the Company’s credit; however, if the Company’s CDS widens, less value is assigned to the Company’s credit.

On adoption of ASU 2016-01, the Company reclassified a loss of approximately $28 million, net of tax, from retained earnings to AOCI. This amount represents the portion of the fair value of the FG VIEs’ liabilities with recourse that related to the change in the Company's own credit risk from the date of consolidation through January 1, 2018. The accounting and disclosure of the FG VIEs’ liabilities without recourse are unchanged.

Consolidated FG VIEs

Number of FG VIEs Consolidated



	Six Months
	2018		2017
Beginning of the period, December 31	24		23
Consolidated	—		1
Deconsolidated	(1	)	—
End of the period, June 30	23		24

The total unpaid principal balance for the FG VIEs’ assets that were over 90 days or more past due was approximately $74 million at June 30, 2018 and $84 million at December 31, 2017. The aggregate unpaid principal of the FG VIEs’ assets was approximately $307 million greater than the aggregate fair value at June 30, 2018. The aggregate unpaid principal of the FG VIEs’ assets was approximately $313 million greater than the aggregate fair value at December 31, 2017.

The change in the instrument-specific credit risk of the FG VIEs’ assets held as of June 30, 2018 that was recorded in the condensed combined statements of operations for Second Quarter 2018 and Six Months 2018 were gains of $0.2 million and $1 million, respectively. The change in the ISCR of the FG VIEs’ assets held as of June 30, 2017 that was recorded in the condensed combined statements of operations for Second Quarter 2017 and Six Months 2017 were gains of $10 million and $20 million, respectively. To calculate the ISCR, the changes in the fair value of the FG VIEs’ assets are allocated between changes that are due to the ISCR and changes due to other factors, including interest rates. The ISCR amount is determined by using expected cash flows at the date of consolidation versus current expected cash flows discounted at original contractual rate. The net present value is calculated by discounting the expected cash flows of the underlying security at the relevant effective interest rate.

The unpaid principal for FG VIEs’ liabilities with recourse, which represent obligations insured by AGM, was $491 million and $535 million as of June 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017, respectively. FG VIEs’ liabilities with recourse will mature at various dates ranging from 2018 to 2038. The aggregate unpaid principal balance of the FG VIEs’ liabilities with and without recourse was approximately $64 million greater than the aggregate fair value of the FG VIEs’ liabilities as of June 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017. For Second Quarter 2018 and Six Months 2018, the change in fair value of the FG VIEs’ liabilities with recourse that is attributable to changes in the Company's own credit risk was a $2 million gain pre-tax and a $2 million loss pre-tax, respectively. See Note 16, Other Comprehensive Income, for additional information.

The table below shows the carrying value of the consolidated FG VIEs’ assets and liabilities in the condensed combined financial statements, segregated by the types of assets that collateralize their respective debt obligations for FG VIEs’ liabilities with recourse.

Consolidated FG VIEs

By Type of Collateral



	As of June 30, 2018				As of December 31, 2017
	Assets		Liabilities		Assets		Liabilities
	(in millions)
With recourse:
U.S. RMBS first lien	$	310	$	336	$	337	$	363
U.S. RMBS second lien	99		116		112		132
Total with recourse	409		452		449		495
Without recourse	106		106		128		128
Total	$	515	$	558	$	577	$	623

The consolidation of FG VIEs affects net income and shareholder's equity due to (i) changes in fair value gains (losses) on FG VIEs’ assets and liabilities (effective January 1, 2018 the change in fair value of FG VIEs’ liabilities with recourse attributable to ISCR is recorded in OCI, instead of net income), (ii) the elimination of premiums and losses related to the FG VIEs’ liabilities with recourse and (iii) the elimination of investment balances related to the Company’s purchase of AGM-insured FG VIEs’ debt. Upon consolidation of a FG VIE, the related insurance and, if applicable, the related investment balances, are considered intercompany transactions and therefore eliminated. Such eliminations are included in the table below to present the full effect of consolidating FG VIEs.

Effect of Consolidating FG VIEs



	Second Quarter						Six Months
	2018			2017			2018			2017
	(in millions)
Net earned premiums	$	(3	)	$	(3	)	$	(6	)	$	(7	)
Net investment income	(1		)	(1		)	(2		)	(2		)
Fair value gains (losses) on FG VIEs	2			10			4			18
Loss and LAE	(3		)	3			4			5
Effect on income before tax	(5		)	9			0			14
Less: tax provision (benefit)	(1		)	3			0			5
Effect on net income (loss)	$	(4	)	$	6		$	0		$	9

Effect on OCI	$	3		$	0		$	1		$	0

Effect on cash flows from operating activities	$	2		$	5		$	4		$	10



	As of June 30, 2018		As of December 31, 2017
	(in millions)
Effect on shareholder's equity (decrease) increase	$	11	$	10

Fair value gains (losses) on FG VIEs represent the net change in fair value of the consolidated FG VIEs’ assets and FG VIEs’ liabilities (effective January 1, 2018 the change in fair value of FG VIEs’ liabilities with recourse attributable to ISCR is recorded in OCI, instead of the condensed combined statement of operations). During Second Quarter 2018 and Six Months 2018, the Company recorded pre-tax net fair value gains on consolidated FG VIEs of $2 million and $4 million, respectively, in the condensed combined statements of operations. The primary driver of the gain during Second Quarter and Six Months 2018 in fair value of FG VIEs’ assets and liabilities was due to improvement in the underlying collateral on FG VIEs’ assets.

During Second Quarter and Six Months 2017, the Company recorded a pre-tax net fair value gain on consolidated FG VIEs of $10 million and $18 million, respectively. The primary driver of the gain during Second Quarter and Six Months 2017 in fair value of FG VIEs’ assets and liabilities was price appreciation on the FG VIEs’ assets resulting from improvement in the underlying collateral.

Non-Consolidated VIEs

As of June 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017 the Company had financial guaranty contracts outstanding for 294 and 280 VIEs, respectively, that it monitored and did not consolidate based on the Company’s analyses which indicate that it is not the primary beneficiary of any other VIEs. The Company’s exposure provided through its financial guaranties with respect to debt obligations of special purpose entities is included within net par outstanding in Note 4, Outstanding Exposure.

10. Investments and Cash

Adoption of ASU 2016-01

Up until December 31, 2017, the change in fair value of the preferred stock investments was recorded in OCI. Effective January 1, 2018, in accordance with ASU 2016-01, the change in the fair value of these investments is recorded in other income in the condensed combined statements of operations. On adoption of this section of ASU 2016-01, on January 1, 2018, the Company reclassified a loss of approximately $1 million, net of tax, from AOCI to retained earnings. See also Note 9, Consolidated Variable Interest Entities, for the effect of this ASU on FG VIEs.

Net Investment Income and Realized Gains (Losses)

Net investment income is a function of the yield that the Company earns on invested assets and the size of the portfolio. The investment yield is a function of market interest rates at the time of investment as well as the type, credit quality and maturity of the invested assets. Accrued investment income, which is recorded in Other Assets, was $62 million and $59 million as of June 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017, respectively.

Net Investment Income



	Second Quarter						Six Months
	2018			2017			2018			2017
	(in millions)
Income from fixed-maturity securities managed by third parties	$	40		$	41		$	80		$	81
Income from internally managed securities	15			20			27			39
Gross investment income	55			61			107			120
Investment expenses	(2		)	(1		)	(3		)	(2		)
Net investment income	$	53		$	60		$	104		$	118

Net Realized Investment Gains (Losses)



	Second Quarter						Six Months
	2018			2017			2018			2017
	(in millions)
Gross realized gains on available-for-sale securities	$	4		$	25		$	12		$	27
Gross realized losses on available-for-sale securities	(1		)	(3		)	(3		)	(4		)
Net realized gains (losses) on other invested assets	0			1			(1		)	1
Other-than-temporary impairment (OTTI)	(1		)	(5		)	(9		)	(13		)
Net realized investment gains (losses)	$	2		$	18		$	(1	)	$	11

The following table presents the roll-forward of the credit losses of fixed-maturity securities for which the Company has recognized an OTTI and where the portion of the fair value adjustment related to other factors was recognized in OCI.

Roll Forward of Credit Losses

in the Investment Portfolio



	Second Quarter					Six Months
	2018		2017			2018		2017
	(in millions)
Balance, beginning of period	$	155	$	132		$	148	$	124
Reductions for securities sold and other settlements	—		(4		)	—		(4		)
Additions for credit losses on securities for which an OTTI was previously recognized	0		4			7		12
Balance, end of period	$	155	$	132		$	155	$	132

Investment Portfolio

Fixed-Maturity Securities and Short-Term Investments

by Security Type

As of June 30, 2018



Investment Category	Percent of Total(1)		Amortized Cost		Gross Unrealized Gains		Gross Unrealized Losses			Estimated Fair Value		AOCI (2) Gain (Loss) on Securities with OTTI			Weighted Average Credit Rating(3)
	(dollars in millions)
Fixed-maturity securities:
Obligations of state and political subdivisions	54	%	$	3,214	$	98	$	(12	)	$	3,300	$	7		AA
U.S. government and agencies	1		38		2		0			40		—			AA+
Corporate securities	17		987		16		(26		)	977		(7		)	A
Mortgage-backed securities(4):
RMBS	7		382		12		(21		)	373		(9		)	BB-
CMBS	5		279		2		(5		)	276		—			AAA
Asset-backed securities	4		210		16		(1		)	225		10			A
Non-U.S. government securities	5		330		4		(22		)	312		—			AA
Total fixed-maturity securities	93		5,440		150		(87		)	5,503		1			AA-
Short-term investments	7		383		0		0			383		—			AAA
Total investment portfolio	100	%	$	5,823	$	150	$	(87	)	$	5,886	$	1		AA-

Fixed-Maturity Securities and Short-Term Investments

by Security Type

As of December 31, 2017



Investment Category	Percent of Total(1)		Amortized Cost		Gross Unrealized Gains		Gross Unrealized Losses			Estimated Fair Value		AOCI Gain (Loss) on Securities with OTTI			Weighted Average Credit Rating(3)
	(dollars in millions)
Fixed-maturity securities:
Obligations of state and political subdivisions	60	%	$	3,473	$	149	$	(7	)	$	3,615	$	(3	)	AA
U.S. government and agencies	1		23		2		0			25		—			AA+
Corporate securities	16		916		40		(15		)	941		(6		)	A+
Mortgage-backed securities(4):
RMBS	6		373		15		(14		)	374		(1		)	B+
CMBS	4		253		6		(2		)	257		—			AAA
Asset-backed securities	2		126		16		0			142		9			BBB+
Non-U.S. government securities	5		315		7		(17		)	305		0			AA
Total fixed-maturity securities	94		5,479		235		(55		)	5,659		(1		)	AA-
Short-term investments	6		364		0		0			364		—			AAA
Total investment portfolio	100	%	$	5,843	$	235	$	(55	)	$	6,023	$	(1	)	AA-

____________________


(1)	Based on amortized cost.


(2)	See also Note 16, Other Comprehensive Income.


(3)	Ratings in the tables above represent the lower of the Moody's and S&P Global Ratings, a division of Standard & Poor's Financial Services LLC (S&P) classifications except for bonds purchased for loss mitigation or risk management strategies, which use internal ratings classifications. The Company's portfolio consists primarily of high-quality, liquid instruments.


(4)	U.S. government-agency obligations were approximately 18% of mortgage backed securities as of June 30, 2018 and 13% as of December 31, 2017 based on fair value.

The Company’s investment portfolio in tax-exempt and taxable municipal securities includes issuances by a wide number of municipal authorities across the U.S. and its territories.

The following tables summarize, for all fixed-maturity securities in an unrealized loss position, the aggregate fair value and gross unrealized loss by length of time the amounts have continuously been in an unrealized loss position.

Fixed-Maturity Securities

Gross Unrealized Loss by Length of Time

As of June 30, 2018



	Less than 12 months					12 months or more					Total
	Fair Value		Unrealized Loss			Fair Value		Unrealized Loss			Fair Value		Unrealized Loss
	(dollars in millions)
Obligations of state and political subdivisions	$	476	$	(7	)	$	122	$	(5	)	$	598	$	(12	)
U.S. government and agencies	7		0			1		0			8		0
Corporate securities	337		(8		)	150		(18		)	487		(26		)
Mortgage-backed securities:
RMBS	145		(8		)	104		(13		)	249		(21		)
CMBS	125		(2		)	34		(3		)	159		(5		)
Asset-backed securities	77		(1		)	—		—			77		(1		)
Non-U.S. government securities	102		(3		)	112		(19		)	214		(22		)
Total	$	1,269	$	(29	)	$	523	$	(58	)	$	1,792	$	(87	)
Number of securities (1)			403					132					524
Number of securities with OTTI (1)			6					8					13

Fixed-Maturity Securities

Gross Unrealized Loss by Length of Time

As of December 31, 2017



	Less than 12 months					12 months or more					Total
	Fair Value		Unrealized Loss			Fair Value		Unrealized Loss			Fair Value		Unrealized Loss
	(dollars in millions)
Obligations of state and political subdivisions	$	96	$	(2	)	$	165	$	(5	)	$	261	$	(7	)
U.S. government and agencies	7		0			0		0			7		0
Corporate securities	47		0			167		(15		)	214		(15		)
Mortgage-backed securities:
RMBS	123		(4		)	111		(10		)	234		(14		)
CMBS	—		—			35		(2		)	35		(2		)
Asset-backed securities	9		0			—		—			9		0
Non-U.S. government securities	19		0			140		(17		)	159		(17		)
Total	$	301	$	(6	)	$	618	$	(49	)	$	919	$	(55	)
Number of securities (1)			101					148					243
Number of securities with OTTI (1)			9					10					18

___________________


(1)	The number of securities does not add across because lots consisting of the same securities have been purchased at different times and appear in both categories above (i.e., less than 12 months and 12 months or more). If a security appears in both categories, it is counted only once in the total column.

Of the securities in an unrealized loss position for 12 months or more as of June 30, 2018, 28 securities had unrealized losses greater than 10% of book value. The total unrealized loss for these securities as of June 30, 2018 was $36 million. As of December 31, 2017, of the securities in an unrealized loss position for 12 months or more, 24 securities had unrealized losses greater than 10% of book value with an unrealized loss of $26 million. The Company had determined that the unrealized losses recorded as of June 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017 were yield related and not the result of OTTI.

The amortized cost and estimated fair value of available-for-sale fixed maturity securities by contractual maturity as of June 30, 2018 are shown below. Expected maturities will differ from contractual maturities because borrowers may have the right to call or prepay obligations with or without call or prepayment penalties.

Distribution of Fixed-Maturity Securities

by Contractual Maturity

As of June 30, 2018



	Amortized Cost		Estimated Fair Value
	(in millions)
Due within one year	$	143	$	139
Due after one year through five years	882		880
Due after five years through 10 years	1,332		1,342
Due after 10 years	2,422		2,493
Mortgage-backed securities:
RMBS	382		373
CMBS	279		276
Total	$	5,440	$	5,503

Based on fair value, investments and restricted cash that are either held in trust for the benefit of third party ceding insurers in accordance with statutory requirements, placed on deposit to fulfill state licensing requirements, or otherwise pledged or restricted total $13 million and $10 million, as of June 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017, respectively. In addition, the total collateral required to be funded into a reinsurance trust account by AGM for the benefit of AGE as of June 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017 was $197 million and $199 million, respectively, based on fair value.

Externally Managed Portfolio

As of June 30, 2018, the majority of the investment portfolio is managed by seven outside managers (including Wasmer, Schroeder & Company LLC, in which the Company has a minority interest). The Company has established detailed guidelines regarding credit quality, exposure to a particular sector and exposure to a particular obligor within a sector. The Company's investment guidelines generally do not permit its outside managers to purchase securities rated lower than A- by S&P or A3 by Moody’s, excluding a minimal allocation to corporate securities not rated lower than BBB by S&P or Baa2 by Moody’s.

Internally Managed Portfolio

The investment portfolio tables shown above include both assets managed externally and internally. The table below presents the components of the total investment portfolio that are internally managed (excluding short-term investments and surplus note from affiliate). The internally managed portfolio (other than short term investments and surplus note from affiliate) represents approximately 8% of the investment portfolio, on a fair value basis as of June 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017. The internally managed portfolio consists primarily of the Company's investments in securities for (i) loss mitigation purposes, (ii) other risk management purposes and (iii) where the Company believes a particular security presents an attractive investment opportunity.

One of the Company's strategies for mitigating losses has been to purchase loss mitigation securities, at discounted prices. The Company also holds other invested assets that were obtained or purchased as part of negotiated settlements with insured counterparties or under the terms of the financial guaranties (other risk management assets).

Alternative investments include various funds investing in both equity and debt securities, including catastrophe bonds, as well as investments in investment managers.

The unrealized gains (losses) recognized during Second Quarter 2018 and Six Months 2018 on equity investments held as of June 30, 2018 were $(1) million and $(4) million, respectively.

Internally Managed Portfolio

Carrying Value



	As of June 30, 2018		As of December 31, 2017
	(in millions)
Assets purchased for loss mitigation and other risk management purposes:
Fixed-maturity securities, at fair value	$	453	$	458
Other invested assets	7		8
Alternative investments	66		69
Total	$	526	$	535

Cash and Restricted Cash

The following table provides a reconciliation of the cash reported on the condensed combined balance sheets and the cash and restricted cash reported in the statements of cash flows.

Cash and Restricted Cash



	As of June 30, 2018		As of December 31, 2017		As of June 30, 2017		As of December 31, 2016
	(in millions)
Cash	$	41	$	36	$	39	$	32
Restricted cash (1)	3		—		—		8
Total cash and restricted cash	$	44	$	36	$	39	$	40

____________________


(1)	Amounts relate to cash held in trust accounts and are reported in other assets in condensed combined balance sheets. See Note 13, Reinsurance and Other Monoline Exposures, for more information.

11. Insurance Company Regulatory Requirements

Dividend Restrictions and Capital Requirements

Dividends and Return of Capital

By Insurance Company



	Second Quarter				Six Months
	2018		2017		2018		2017
	(in millions)
Dividends paid by AGM to AGMH	$	—	$	—	$	73	$	79
Dividends paid by MAC to MAC Holdings(1)	15		12		15		24

____________________


(1)	MAC Holdings distributed the entire amounts to AGM and AGC, in proportion to their ownership percentages.

United States

Under New York insurance law, AGM and MAC may only pay dividends out of "earned surplus," which is the portion of the company's surplus that represents the net earnings, gains or profits (after deduction of all losses) that have not been

distributed to shareholders as dividends, transferred to stated capital or capital surplus, or applied to other purposes permitted by law, but does not include unrealized appreciation of assets. AGM and MAC may each pay dividends without the prior approval of the New York Superintendent of Financial Services (New York Superintendent) that, together with all dividends declared or distributed by it during the preceding 12 months, do not exceed the lesser of 10% of its policyholders' surplus (as of its last annual or quarterly statement filed with the New York Superintendent) or 100% of its adjusted net investment income during that period.

The maximum amount available during 2018 for AGM to distribute to AGMH as dividends without regulatory approval is estimated to be approximately $185 million. Of such $185 million, $59 million is estimated to be available for distribution in the third quarter of 2018. The maximum amount available during 2018 for MAC to distribute as dividends to MAC Holdings, which is owned by AGM and AGC, without regulatory approval is estimated to be approximately $27 million, of which approximately $12 million is available for distribution in the third quarter of 2018.

United Kingdom

U.K. company law prohibits each of AGE, AGLN and AGUK from declaring a dividend to its shareholders unless it has “profits available for distribution.” The determination of whether a company has profits available for distribution is based on its accumulated realized profits less its accumulated realized losses. While the U.K. insurance regulatory laws impose no statutory restrictions on a general insurer's ability to declare a dividend, the PRA's capital requirements may in practice act as a restriction on dividends. In addition, AGLN currently must confirm that the PRA does not object to the payment of any dividend to its parent company before AGLN makes any dividend payment.

12. Income Taxes

Overview

The Company files its U.S. federal tax return as a part of the consolidated group for Assured Guaranty US Holdings Inc. (AGUS), an indirect parent holding company. Each member of the AGUS consolidated tax group is part of a tax sharing agreement and pays or receives its proportionate share of the consolidated regular federal tax liability for the group as if each company filed on a separate return basis. On June 26, 2017, AGM purchased the European Subsidiaries from AGC; see Note 1, Business and Basis of Presentation and Note 2, Common Control Acquisitions for additional information.

For 2018, AGM is taxed at the U.S. corporate income tax rate of 21% and its foreign subsidiaries, AGE, AGUK and AGLN, are taxed at the corporate tax rate of 19% in U.K. and CIFGE is taxed at 33.33% in France. For year ended December 31, 2017, AGM was taxed at the U.S. corporate income tax rate of 35% and its foreign subsidiaries, AGE, AGUK and AGLN, were taxed at the blended marginal corporate tax rate of 19.25% in U.K. and CIFGE was taxed at 33.33% in France. For periods subsequent to April 1, 2017, the U.K. tax rate has been reduced to 19%. For the periods between April 1, 2015 and March 31, 2017 the U.K. corporation tax rate was 20%. AGE had previously elected under U.S. Internal Revenue Code Section 953(d) to be taxed as a U.S. company. In January 2017, AGE filed a request with the U.S. Internal Revenue Service (IRS) to revoke the election, which was approved in May 2017. As a result of the revocation of the Section 953(d) election, AGE is no longer liable to pay future U.S. taxes beginning in 2017.

Effect of the 2017 Tax Cuts and Jobs Act

On December 22, 2017, the Tax Act was signed into law. The Tax Act changed many items of U.S. corporate income taxation, including a reduction of the corporate income tax rate from 35% to 21%, implementation of a territorial tax system and imposition of a tax on deemed repatriated earnings of non-U.S. subsidiaries. At December 31, 2017, the Company had not completed accounting for the tax effects of the Tax Act; however, the Company made a reasonable estimate of the effects on the existing deferred tax balances and the one-time transition tax. The Company recognized a provisional amount of $44 million, which was included as a component of income tax expense from continuing operations in 2017. The Company will continue to assess its provision for income taxes as future guidance is issued. Any adjustments, if necessary, during the measurement period guidance outlined in SEC Staff Accounting Bulletin No. 118 will be included in the statement of operations as an adjustment to income tax expense in the reporting period when such adjustments are determined. As of June 30, 2018 there have been no adjustments recorded.

Provision for Income Taxes

The Company's provision for income taxes for interim financial periods is not based on an estimated annual effective rate due, for example, to the variability in loss reserves, fair value of its credit derivatives, VIEs, and foreign exchange gains and losses which prevents the Company from projecting a reliable estimated annual effective tax rate and pretax income for the full year 2018. A discrete calculation of the provision is calculated for each interim period.

The effective tax rates reflect the proportion of income recognized by AGM and each of its operating subsidiaries, with AGM taxed at the U.S. marginal corporate income tax rate of 21% in 2018 and 35% in 2017, the U.K. subsidiaries taxed at the U.K. marginal corporate tax rate of 19% unless taxed as a U.S. controlled foreign corporation, and the French subsidiary taxed at 33.33%. The Company’s overall effective tax rate fluctuates based on the distribution of income across jurisdictions.

A reconciliation of the difference between the provision for income taxes and the expected tax provision at statutory rates in taxable jurisdictions is presented below.

Effective Tax Rate Reconciliation



	Second Quarter						Six Months
	2018			2017			2018			2017
	(in millions)
Expected tax provision (benefit) at statutory rates in taxable jurisdictions	$	3		$	46		$	28		$	114
Tax-exempt interest	(4		)	(8		)	(8		)	(17		)
Change in liability for uncertain tax positions	1			(11		)	(6		)	(11		)
Foreign taxes	4			1			0			1
Other	0			(2		)	(1		)	(5		)
Total provision (benefit) for income taxes	$	4		$	26		$	13		$	82
Effective tax rate	24.2		%	19.3		%	9.6		%	25.1		%

The expected tax provision at statutory rates in taxable jurisdictions is calculated as the sum of pretax income in each jurisdiction multiplied by the statutory tax rate of the jurisdiction by which it will be taxed. Pretax income of the Company’s subsidiaries which are not U.S. or U.K. domiciled but are subject to U.S. or U.K. tax by election, or as controlled foreign corporations, are included at the U.S. or U.K. statutory tax rate. Where there is a pretax loss in one jurisdiction and pretax income in another, the total combined expected tax rate may be higher or lower than any of the individual statutory rates.

The following table presents pretax income and revenue by jurisdiction.

Pretax Income (Loss) by Tax Jurisdiction



	Second Quarter						Six Months
	2018			2017			2018		2017
	(in millions)
U.S.	$	25		$	102		$	115	$	263
U.K.	(7		)	33			22		66
France	0			(3		)	0		(3		)
Total	$	18		$	132		$	137	$	326

Revenue by Tax Jurisdiction



	Second Quarter						Six Months
	2018			2017			2018		2017
	(in millions)
U.S.	$	93		$	167		$	206	$	379
U.K.	(5		)	36			28		66
France	1			(2		)	1		(2		)
Total	$	89		$	201		$	235	$	443

Pretax income by jurisdiction may be disproportionate to revenue by jurisdiction to the extent that insurance losses incurred are disproportionate.

Valuation Allowance

The Company has $30 million of Foreign Tax Credits (FTCs) due to the Tax Act for use against regular tax in future years. FTCs will begin to expire in 2020 and will fully expire by 2027. In analyzing the future realizability of FTCs, the Company notes limitations on future foreign source income due to overall foreign losses as negative evidence. After reviewing positive and negative evidence, the Company came to the conclusion that it is more likely than not that the FTCs will not be utilized, and therefore, recorded a valuation allowance with respect to this tax attribute.

The Company came to the conclusion that it is more likely than not that the remaining net deferred tax asset will be fully realized after weighing all positive and negative evidence available as required under GAAP. The positive evidence that was considered included the cumulative income the Company has earned over the last three years, and the significant unearned premium income to be included in taxable income. The positive evidence outweighs any negative evidence that exists. As such, the Company believes that no valuation allowance is necessary in connection with this deferred tax asset. The Company will continue to analyze the need for a valuation allowance on a quarterly basis.

Audits

As of June 30, 2018, AGUS had open tax years with the IRS for 2014 to present. In December 2016, the IRS issued a Revenue Agent Report, for the 2009 - 2012 audit period, which did not identify any material adjustments that were not already accounted for in prior periods. In April 2017, the Company received a final letter from the IRS to close the audit with no additional findings or changes, and as a result the Company released previously recorded uncertain tax position reserves and accrued interest of approximately $11.5 million in the second quarter of 2017. The Company's U.K. subsidiaries are not currently under examination and have open tax years of 2016 forward. The Company's French subsidiary, CIFGE, is under examination for the period January 1, 2015 through December 31, 2016, and has open tax years of 2014 to present.

Uncertain Tax Positions

For Six Months 2018 and the full year 2017, the Company has recognized in income tax expense interest related to uncertain tax positions of $0.5 million and $1 million, respectively. As of June 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017, the Company has accrued interest on uncertain tax positions of $1.9 million and $2.5 million, respectively.

The total amount of reserves for unrecognized tax positions, including accrued interest, as of June 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017 that would affect the effective tax rate, if recognized, was $17 million and $24 million, respectively. The Company released $7 million of previously recorded uncertain tax position reserves and accrued interest in the first quarter of 2018 due to the closing of the 2013 audit year.

Deferred and Current Tax Assets (Liabilities) (1)



	As of June 30, 2018			As of December 31, 2017
	(in millions)
Deferred tax assets (liabilities)	$	17		$	11
Current tax assets (liabilities)	(89		)	(121		)

____________________


(1)	Included in other assets or other liabilities on the condensed combined balance sheets.

13. Reinsurance and Other Monoline Exposures

The Company assumes exposure (Assumed Business) and may cede portions of exposure it has insured (Ceded Business) in exchange for premiums, net of ceding commissions. The Company historically entered into ceded reinsurance contracts in order to obtain greater business diversification and reduce the net potential loss from large risks.

Ceded and Assumed Business

The Company has ceded financial guaranty business to affiliated and non-affiliated companies to limit its exposure to risk. Under these relationships, the Company ceded a portion of its insured risk to the reinsurer in exchange for the reinsurer receiving a share of the Company's premiums for the insured risk (typically, net of a ceding commission). The Company remains primarily liable for all risks it directly underwrites and is required to pay all gross claims. It then seeks reimbursement from the reinsurer for its proportionate share of claims. The Company may be exposed to risk for this exposure if it were required to pay the gross claims and not be able to collect ceded claims from an assuming company experiencing financial distress. Certain third party financial guaranty insurers to which the Company has ceded par have experienced financial distress and been downgraded by the rating agencies as a result. In addition, state insurance regulators have intervened with respect to some of these insurers. The Company's ceded contracts generally allow the Company to recapture ceded financial guaranty business after certain triggering events, such as reinsurer downgrades.

The Company has assumed business from its affiliate, AGC. Under this relationship, the Company assumes a portion of AGC’s insured risk in exchange for a portion of AGC's premium for the insured risk (typically, net of any ceding commission). The Company may be exposed to risk in this portfolio in that the Company may be required to pay losses without a corresponding premium in circumstances where AGC is experiencing financial distress and is unable to pay premiums. The Company's agreement with AGC is generally subject to termination at the option of AGC if the Company fails to meet certain financial and regulatory criteria or to maintain a specified minimum financial strength rating. Upon termination due to one of the foregoing events, the Company may be required to return to AGC unearned premiums (net of any ceding commission) and loss reserves calculated on a statutory basis of accounting, attributable to the reinsurance assumed, after which the Company would be released from liability with respect to its Assumed Business from AGC. In addition, in lieu of termination due to one of the aforementioned events, the Company may be obligated to increase the level of ceding commission paid.

The following table presents the components of premiums and losses reported in the condensed combined statements of operations and the contribution of the Company's Assumed and Ceded Businesses

Effect of Reinsurance on Statement of Operations



	Second Quarter						Six Months
	2018			2017			2018			2017
	(in millions)
Premiums Written:
Direct	$	53		$	71		$	126		$	181
Assumed	(1		)	0			(1		)	0
Ceded (1)	10			(27		)	(25		)	(56		)
Net	$	62		$	44		$	100		$	125
Premiums Earned:
Direct	$	99		$	103		$	189		$	204
Assumed	7			12			15			22
Ceded	(25		)	(28		)	(47		)	(61		)
Net	$	81		$	87		$	157		$	165
Loss and LAE:
Direct	$	45		$	57		$	30		$	13
Assumed	1			—			(1		)	—
Ceded	(2		)	(17		)	7			43
Net	$	44		$	40		$	36		$	56

____________________

(1) Positive ceded premiums written were due to commutations and changes in expected debt service schedules.

Exposure to Reinsurers and Other Monolines (1)



	As of June 30, 2018						As of December 31, 2017
	Affiliated Reinsurers			Non-Affiliated Reinsurers			Affiliated Reinsurers			Non-Affiliated Reinsurers
	(in millions)
Due (To) From:
Assumed premium	$	0		$	—		$	1		$	10
Ceded premium, net of commissions	(95		)	(11		)	(103		)	(24		)
Ceded expected loss to be paid	123			23			157			29
Outstanding Exposure:
Ceded par outstanding (2)	$	54,675		$	2,396		$	56,200		$	3,974
Assumed par outstanding (3)	11,285			—			13,994			380
Second-to-pay insured par outstanding (4)	114			3,729			151			3,662

____________________


(1)	The total collateral posted by all affiliated and non-affiliated reinsurers required to post, or that had agreed to post, collateral as of June 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017, was approximately $1.3 billion and $1.3 billion, respectively. The collateral excludes amounts posted by AGM for the benefit of AGE.


(2)	Of the total ceded par to unrated or BIG rated reinsurers, $260 million and $296 million is rated BIG as of June 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017, respectively. Of the total ceded par to affiliates, $1,461 million and $1,774 million is rated BIG as of June 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017, respectively.


(3)	All affiliated assumed par relates to MAC's assumed portfolio from AGC.

(4)

The par on second-to-pay exposure where the primary insurer and underlying transaction rating are both BIG and/or not rated is $59 million and $65 million as of June 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017, respectively. Second-to-pay insured par outstanding represents transactions the Company has insured that are insured directly by another monoline financial guaranty insurer and where the Company’s obligation to pay under its insurance of such transactions arises only if both the underlying insured obligation and the primary financial guarantor insurer default. The Company underwrites such transactions based on the underlying insured obligation without regard to the primary insurer.

Commutations

During the first quarter of 2017, the Company entered into a commutation agreement to reassume the entire portfolio previously ceded to one of its unaffiliated reinsurers, consisting predominantly (over 97%) of U.S. public finance and international public and project finance exposures. During the first quarter of 2018, the Company entered into a commutation agreement to reassume U.S. RMBS transactions previously ceded to one of its unaffiliated reinsurers. During Second Quarter 2018, in connection with AGC’s reinsurance of substantially all of Syncora Guarantee Inc.'s (SGI) insured portfolio, the Company also entered into a commutation agreement to reassume a book of business it had ceded to SGI (but excluding certain outstanding cessions to SGI with ceded U.S. statutory loss reserves). The table below summarizes the effect of commutations.

Commutations of Ceded Reinsurance Contracts



	Second Quarter					Six Months
	2018			2017		2018			2017
	(in millions)
Increase (decrease) in net unearned premium reserve	$	56		$	—	$	60		$	18
Increase (decrease) in net par outstanding	1,191			—		1,233			1,173
Commutation gains (losses)	(18		)	—		(17		)	73

Excess of Loss Reinsurance Facility

Effective January 1, 2018, AGC, AGM and MAC entered into a $400 million aggregate excess of loss reinsurance facility of which $180 million was placed with an unaffiliated reinsurer. This facility replaces a similar $400 million aggregate excess of loss reinsurance facility, of which $360 million was placed with unaffiliated reinsurers, that AGC, AGM and MAC had entered into effective January 1, 2016 and which terminated on December 31, 2017. The new facility covers losses occurring either from January 1, 2018 through December 31, 2024, or January 1, 2019 through December 31, 2025, at the option of AGC, AGM and MAC. It terminates on January 1, 2020, unless AGC, AGM and MAC choose to extend it. The new facility covers certain U.S. public finance exposures insured or reinsured by AGC, AGM and MAC as of September 30, 2017, excluding exposures that were rated non-investment grade as of December 31, 2017 by Moody’s or S&P or internally by AGC, AGM or MAC and is subject to certain per credit limits. Among the exposures excluded are those associated with the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico and its related authorities and public corporations. The new facility attaches when AGC’s, AGM’s and MAC’s net losses (net of AGC’s and AGM's reinsurance (including from affiliates) and net of recoveries) exceed $0.8 billion in the aggregate. The new facility covers a portion of the next $400 million of losses, with the reinsurer assuming $180 million of the $400 million of losses and AGC, AGM and MAC jointly retaining the remaining $220 million. The reinsurer is required to be rated at least AA- or to post collateral sufficient to provide AGM, AGC and MAC with the same reinsurance credit as reinsurers rated AA-. AGM, AGC and MAC are obligated to pay the reinsurer its share of recoveries relating to losses during the coverage period in the covered portfolio. AGC, AGM and MAC paid approximately $3.2 million of premiums in 2018 (of which AGM and MAC paid approximately $2.8 million) for the term January 1, 2018 through December 31, 2018 and deposited approximately $3.2 million in cash into a trust account (of which AGM and MAC deposited approximately $2.8 million) for the benefit of the reinsurer to be used to pay the premiums for 2019. The main differences between the new facility and the prior facility that terminated on December 31, 2017 are the reinsurance attachment point ($0.8 billion versus $1.25 billion), the total reinsurance coverage ($180 million part of $400 million versus $360 million part of $400 million) and the annual premium ($3.2 million versus $9 million).

14. Commitments and Contingencies

Legal Proceedings

Lawsuits arise in the ordinary course of the Company’s business. It is the opinion of the Company’s management, based upon the information available, that the expected outcome of litigation against the Company, individually or in the aggregate, will not have a material adverse effect on the Company’s financial position or liquidity, although an adverse resolution of litigation against the Company in a fiscal quarter or year could have a material adverse effect on the Company’s results of operations in a particular quarter or year.

In addition, in the ordinary course of their respective businesses, the Company and its affiliates assert claims in legal proceedings against third parties to recover losses paid in prior periods or prevent losses in the future. For example, the Company has commenced a number of legal actions in the Federal District Court for Puerto Rico to enforce its rights with respect to the obligations it insures of Puerto Rico and various of its related authorities and public corporations. See "Exposure to Puerto Rico" section of Note 4, Outstanding Exposure, for a description of such actions. The amounts, if any, the Company will recover in these and other proceedings to recover losses are uncertain, and recoveries, or failure to obtain recoveries, in any one or more of these proceedings during any quarter or year could be material to the Company's results of operations in that particular quarter or year.

AGM also receives subpoenas duces tecum and interrogatories from regulators from time to time.

15. Credit Facilities

Committed Capital Securities

AGM has entered into put agreements with four separate custodial trusts allowing AGM to issue an aggregate of $200 million of non-cumulative redeemable perpetual preferred securities to the trusts in exchange for cash. Each custodial trust was created for the primary purpose of issuing $50 million face amount of AGM CPS, investing the proceeds in high-quality assets and entering into put options with AGM. The Company does not consider itself to be the primary beneficiary of the trusts and the trusts are not consolidated in the Company's financial statements.

The trusts provide AGM access to new equity capital at its sole discretion through the exercise of the put options. Upon AGM's exercise of its put option, the relevant trust will liquidate its portfolio of eligible assets and use the proceeds to purchase the AGM preferred stock. AGM may use the proceeds from its sale of preferred stock to the trusts for any purpose, including the payment of claims. The put agreements have no scheduled termination date or maturity. However, each put agreement will terminate if (subject to certain grace periods) specified events occur. AGM continues to have the ability to exercise its put options and cause the related trusts to purchase its preferred stock.

Prior to 2007, the amounts paid on the AGM CPS were established through an auction process. All of those auctions failed in 2007, and the rates paid on the AGM CPS increased to their maximum. The annualized rate on the AGM CPS is one-month LIBOR plus 200 basis points.

See Note 7, Fair Value Measurement, –Other Assets–Committed Capital Securities, for a fair value measurement discussion.

16. Other Comprehensive Income

The following tables present the changes in each component of AOCI and the effect of reclassifications out of AOCI on the respective line items in net income.

Changes in Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income by Component

Second Quarter 2018



	Net Unrealized Gains (Losses) on Investments with no OTTI			Net Unrealized Gains (Losses) on Investments with OTTI			Net Unrealized Gains (Losses) on FG VIEs' Liabilities with Recourse due to ISCR			Cumulative Translation Adjustment			Total AOCI
	(in millions)
Balance, March 31, 2018	$	89		$	(2	)	$	(30	)	$	(12	)	$	45
Other comprehensive income (loss) attributable to AGM before reclassifications	(46		)	4			2			(8		)	(48		)
Amounts reclassified from AOCI to:
Net realized investment gains (losses)	(1		)	(1		)	—			—			(2		)
Fair value gains (losses) on FG VIEs	—			—			2			—			2
Tax (provision) benefit	0			0			(1		)	—			(1		)
Total amount reclassified from AOCI, net of tax	(1		)	(1		)	1			0			(1		)
Net current period other comprehensive income (loss) attributable to AGM	(47		)	3			3			(8		)	(49		)
Balance, June 30, 2018	$	42		$	1		$	(27	)	$	(20	)	$	(4	)

Changes in Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income by Component

Second Quarter 2017



	Net Unrealized Gains (Losses) on Investments with no OTTI			Net Unrealized Gains (Losses) on Investments with OTTI			Cumulative Translation Adjustment			Total AOCI
	(in millions)
Balance, March 31, 2017	$	76		$	13		$	(28	)	$	61
Other comprehensive income (loss) attributable to AGM before reclassifications	26			8			11			45
Amounts reclassified from AOCI to:
Net realized investment gains (losses)	8			(26		)	—			(18		)
Tax (provision) benefit	(2		)	9			—			7
Total amount reclassified from AOCI, net of tax	6			(17		)	—			(11		)
Net current period other comprehensive income (loss) attributable to AGM	32			(9		)	11			34
Balance, June 30, 2017	$	108		$	4		$	(17	)	$	95

Changes in Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income by Component

Six Months 2018



	Net Unrealized Gains (Losses) on Investments with no OTTI			Net Unrealized Gains (Losses) on Investments with OTTI			Net Unrealized Gains (Losses) on FG VIEs' Liabilities with Recourse due to ISCR			Cumulative Translation Adjustment			Total AOCI
	(in millions)
Balance, December 31, 2017	$	135		$	(1	)	$	—		$	(16	)	$	118
Effect of adoption of ASU 2016-01 (see Note 1)	1			—			(28		)	—			(27		)
Other comprehensive income (loss) attributable to AGM before reclassifications	(86		)	(5		)	(1		)	(4		)	(96		)
Amounts reclassified from AOCI to:
Net realized investment gains (losses)	(8		)	8			—			—			0
Fair value gains (losses) on FG VIEs	—			—			4			—			4
Tax (provision) benefit	0			(1		)	(2		)	—			(3		)
Total amount reclassified from AOCI, net of tax	(8		)	7			2			0			1
Net current period other comprehensive income (loss) attributable to AGM	(94		)	2			1			(4		)	(95		)
Balance, June 30, 2018	$	42		$	1		$	(27	)	$	(20	)	$	(4	)

Changes in Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income by Component

Six Months 2017



	Net Unrealized Gains (Losses) on Investments with no OTTI			Net Unrealized Gains (Losses) on Investments with OTTI			Cumulative Translation Adjustment			Total AOCI
	(in millions)
Balance, December 31, 2016	$	49		$	(8	)	$	(29	)	$	12
Other comprehensive income (loss) attributable to AGM before reclassifications	56			23			12			91
Amounts reclassified from AOCI to:
Net realized investment gains (losses)	6			(17		)	—			(11		)
Net investment income	(1		)	—			—			(1		)
Tax (provision) benefit	(2		)	6			—			4
Total amount reclassified from AOCI, net of tax	3			(11		)	—			(8		)
Net current period other comprehensive income (loss) attributable to AGM	59			12			12			83
Balance, June 30, 2017	$	108		$	4		$	(17	)	$	95


17.	Subsequent Events

Subsequent events have been considered through August 29, 2018, the date on which these financial statements were issued.

Assured Guaranty (AGO) 8-KCondensed Combined Financial Statements