First Solar (FSLR) 10-Q 27 Apr 23 2023 Q1 Quarterly report Financial data

Document

Document - shares	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2023	Apr. 21, 2023
Document Information [Line Items]
Document Type	10-Q
Document Quarterly Report	true
Document Period End Date	Mar. 31, 2023
Document Transition Report	false
Entity File Number	001-33156
Entity Registrant Name	First Solar, Inc.
Entity Incorporation, State or Country Code	DE
Entity Tax Identification Number	20-4623678
Entity Address, Address Line One	350 West Washington Street, Suite 600
Entity Address, City or Town	Tempe
Entity Address, State or Province	AZ
Entity Address, Postal Zip Code	85288
City Area Code	602
Local Phone Number	414-9300
Title of 12(b) Security	Common stock, $0.001 par value
Trading Symbol	FSLR
Security Exchange Name	NASDAQ
Entity Current Reporting Status	Yes
Entity Interactive Data Current	Yes
Entity Filer Category	Large Accelerated Filer
Entity Small Business	false
Entity Emerging Growth Company	false
Entity Shell Company	false
Entity Common Stock, Shares Outstanding		106,825,674
Entity Central Index Key	0001274494
Amendment Flag	false
Document Fiscal Year Focus	2023
Document Fiscal Period Focus	Q1
Current Fiscal Year End Date	--12-31

Condensed Consolidated Statemen

Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations - USD ($) shares in Thousands, $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2023	Mar. 31, 2022
Net sales	$ 548,286	$ 367,040
Cost of sales	436,235	355,577
Gross profit	112,051	11,463
Operating expenses:
Selling, general and administrative	44,028	36,728
Research and development	30,510	27,108
Production start-up	19,494	7,338
Total operating expenses	94,032	71,174
Gain on sales of businesses, net	(17)	1,907
Operating income (loss)	18,002	(57,804)
Foreign currency loss, net	(5,947)	(4,198)
Interest income	25,822	2,325
Interest expense, net	(748)	(2,865)
Other expense, net	(1,456)	(212)
Income (loss) before taxes	35,673	(62,754)
Income tax benefit	6,888	19,499
Net income (loss)	$ 42,561	$ (43,255)
Net income (loss) per share:
Basic	$ 0.40	$ (0.41)
Diluted	$ 0.40	$ (0.41)
Weighted-average number of shares used in per share calculations:
Basic	106,675	106,412
Diluted	107,154	106,412

Condensed Consolidated Statem_2

Condensed Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2023	Mar. 31, 2022
Net income (loss)	$ 42,561	$ (43,255)
Other comprehensive income (loss)
Foreign currency translation adjustments	2,655	(10,125)
Unrealized gain (loss) on marketable securities and restricted marketable securities, net of tax of $(402) and $1,246	6,966	(22,521)
Unrealized gain (loss) on derivative instruments, net of tax of $(708) and $94	2,214	(442)
Other comprehensive income (loss)	11,835	(33,088)
Comprehensive income (loss)	54,396	(76,343)
Supplemental Income Statement Elements [Abstract]
Unrealized loss on marketable securities and restricted marketable securities, tax	(402)	1,246
Unrealized gain (loss) on derivative instruments, tax	$ (708)	$ 94

Condensed Consolidated Balance

Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Mar. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022
Current assets:
Cash and cash equivalents	$ 906,634	$ 1,481,269
Marketable securities	1,364,607	1,096,712
Accounts receivable trade, net	298,620	324,337
Accounts receivable unbilled	25,894	30,654
Inventories	751,407	621,376
Other current assets	272,702	237,073
Total current assets	3,619,864	3,791,421
Property, plant and equipment, net	3,858,604	3,536,902
Deferred tax assets, net	136,411	78,680
Restricted marketable securities	196,591	182,070
Government grants receivable	70,114	0
Goodwill	14,462	14,462
Intangibles assets, net	28,477	31,106
Inventories	253,353	260,395
Other assets	386,720	356,192
Total assets	8,564,596	8,251,228
Current liabilities:
Accounts payable	285,760	341,409
Income taxes payable	77,176	29,397
Accrued expenses	391,912	382,782
Deferred revenue	398,694	263,215
Other current liabilities	20,631	21,245
Total current liabilities	1,174,173	1,038,048
Accrued solar module collection and recycling liability	130,258	128,114
Long-term debt	320,378	184,349
Deferred revenue	949,687	944,725
Other liabilities	121,372	119,937
Total liabilities	2,695,868	2,415,173
Commitments and contingencies
Stockholders' equity:
Common stock, $0.001 par value per share; 500,000,000 shares authorized; 106,825,067 and 106,609,094 shares issued and outstanding at March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022, respectively	107	107
Additional paid-in capital	2,865,753	2,887,476
Accumulated earnings	3,182,850	3,140,289
Accumulated other comprehensive loss	(179,982)	(191,817)
Total stockholders' equity	5,868,728	5,836,055
Total liabilities and stockholders' equity	$ 8,564,596	$ 8,251,228

Condensed Consolidated Balanc_2

Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets (Parenthetical) - $ / shares	Mar. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022
Common Stock, Par or Stated Value Per Share	$ 0.001	$ 0.001
Common Stock, Shares Authorized	500,000,000	500,000,000
Common Stock, Shares Issued	106,825,067	106,609,094
Common Stock, Shares Outstanding	106,825,067	106,609,094

Condensed Consolidated Statem_3

Condensed Consolidated Statements of Stockholders' Equity Statement - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Total	Common Stock [Member]	Additional Paid-in Capital [Member]	Accumulated Earnings [Member]	Accumulated Other Comprehensive (Loss) Income [Member]
Common stock, shares, beginning balance at Dec. 31, 2021		106,332,000
Stockholders' equity, beginning balance at Dec. 31, 2021	$ 5,959,551	$ 106	$ 2,871,352	$ 3,184,455	$ (96,362)
Net income (loss)	(43,255)			(43,255)
Other comprehensive income (loss)	(33,088)				(33,088)
Common stock issued for share-based compensation, shares		414,000
Common stock issued for share-based compensation	1	$ 1	0
Tax withholding related to vesting of restricted stock, shares		(163,000)
Tax withholding related to vesting of restricted stock	(11,505)	$ 0	(11,505)
Share-based compensation expense	3,471		3,471
Common stock, shares, ending balance at Mar. 31, 2022		106,583,000
Stockholders' equity, ending balance at Mar. 31, 2022	$ 5,875,175	$ 107	2,863,318	3,141,200	(129,450)
Common stock, shares, beginning balance at Dec. 31, 2022	106,609,094	106,609,000
Stockholders' equity, beginning balance at Dec. 31, 2022	$ 5,836,055	$ 107	2,887,476	3,140,289	(191,817)
Net income (loss)	42,561			42,561
Other comprehensive income (loss)	11,835				11,835
Common stock issued for share-based compensation, shares		364,000
Common stock issued for share-based compensation	0	$ 0	0
Tax withholding related to vesting of restricted stock, shares		(148,000)
Tax withholding related to vesting of restricted stock	(28,314)	$ 0	(28,314)
Share-based compensation expense	$ 6,591		6,591
Common stock, shares, ending balance at Mar. 31, 2023	106,825,067	106,825,000
Stockholders' equity, ending balance at Mar. 31, 2023	$ 5,868,728	$ 107	$ 2,865,753	$ 3,182,850	$ (179,982)

Condensed Consolidated Statem_4

Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2023	Mar. 31, 2022
Cash flows from operating activities:
Net income (loss)	$ 42,561	$ (43,255)
Adjustments to reconcile net income (loss) to cash used in operating activities:
Depreciation, amortization and accretion	68,855	65,207
Share-based compensation	6,600	3,503
Deferred income taxes	(55,282)	1,083
Gain on sales of businesses, net	17	(1,907)
Other, net	(698)	2,165
Changes in operating assets and liabilities:
Accounts receivable, trade and unbilled	33,933	144,286
Inventories	(122,996)	(175,990)
Project assets and PV solar power systems	6,099	(98,695)
Government grants receivable	(70,114)	0
Other assets	(66,493)	(30,838)
Income tax receivable and payable	43,646	(23,502)
Accounts payable and accrued expenses	(61,552)	(38,043)
Deferred revenue	139,713	77,042
Other liabilities	1,113	(19,895)
Net cash used in operating activities	(34,598)	(138,839)
Cash flows from investing activities:
Purchases of property, plant and equipment	(370,961)	(154,761)
Purchases of marketable securities and restricted marketable securities	(1,470,600)	(750,220)
Proceeds from maturities of marketable securities	1,196,334	900,165
Proceeds from sales of businesses	0	1,860
Other investing activities	0	12
Net cash used in investing activities	(645,227)	(2,944)
Cash flows from financing activities:
Repayment of long-term debt	0	(737)
Proceeds from borrowings under long-term debt, net of issuance costs	136,000	18,006
Payments of tax withholdings for restricted shares	(28,314)	(11,505)
Net cash provided by financing activities	107,686	5,764
Effect of exchange rate changes on cash, cash equivalents, restricted cash, and restricted cash equivalents	1,495	15,162
Net decrease in cash, cash equivalents, restricted cash, and restricted cash equivalents	(570,644)	(120,857)
Cash, cash equivalents, restricted cash, and restricted cash equivalents, beginning of the period	1,493,462	1,455,837
Cash, cash equivalents, restricted cash, and restricted cash equivalents, end of the period	922,818	1,334,980
Supplemental disclosure of noncash investing and financing activities:
Property, plant and equipment acquisitions funded by liabilities	$ 330,830	$ 105,643

1. Basis of Presentation

1. Basis of Presentation	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2023
Organization, Consolidation and Presentation of Financial Statements [Abstract]
Basis of Presentation	1. Basis of Presentation The accompanying unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements of First Solar, Inc. and its subsidiaries in this Quarterly Report have been prepared in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles in the United States of America (“U.S. GAAP”) for interim financial information and pursuant to the instructions to Form 10-Q and Article 10 of Regulation S-X of the Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”). Accordingly, these interim financial statements do not include all of the information and footnotes required by U.S. GAAP for annual financial statements. In the opinion of First Solar management, all adjustments (consisting only of normal recurring adjustments) considered necessary for a fair statement have been included. Certain prior period balances have been reclassified to conform to the current period presentation. The preparation of condensed consolidated financial statements in conformity with U.S. GAAP requires us to make estimates and assumptions that affect the amounts reported in the financial statements and accompanying notes. Despite our intention to establish accurate estimates and reasonable assumptions, actual results could differ materially from such estimates and assumptions. Operating results for the three months ended March 31, 2023 are not necessarily indicative of the results that may be expected for the year ending December 31, 2023 or for any other period. The condensed consolidated balance sheet at December 31, 2022 has been derived from the audited consolidated financial statements at that date, but does not include all of the information and footnotes required by U.S. GAAP for complete financial statements. These interim financial statements and notes should be read in conjunction with the audited financial statements and notes thereto for the year ended December 31, 2022 included in our Annual Report on Form 10-K, which has been filed with the SEC. Unless expressly stated or the context otherwise requires, the terms “the Company,” “we,” “us,” “our,” and “First Solar” refer to First Solar, Inc. and its consolidated subsidiaries, and the term “condensed consolidated financial statements” refers to the accompanying unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements contained in this Quarterly Report.

2. Sales of Businesses

2. Sales of Businesses	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2023
Discontinued Operations and Disposal Groups [Abstract]
Disposal Groups, Disclosure	2. Sales of Businesses Sales of International O&M Operations In January 2022, we completed the sale of our Chilean operations and maintenance (“O&M”) operations to a subsidiary of Clairvest Group, Inc. (“Clairvest”) and received total consideration of $1.9 million. As a result of this transaction, we recognized a gain of $1.9 million, net of transaction costs and post-closing adjustments, during the three months ended March 31, 2022, which was included in “Gain on sales of businesses, net” in our condensed consolidated statements of operations. During the three months ended March 31, 2023, we recognized certain post-closing adjustments associated with the prior sale of our O&M operations in a foreign jurisdiction, which was included in “Gain on sales of businesses, net” in our condensed consolidated statements of operations.

3. Cash, Cash Equivalents, and

3. Cash, Cash Equivalents, and Marketable Securities	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2023
Cash, Cash Equivalents, and Short-Term Investments [Abstract]
Cash, Cash Equivalents, and Marketable Securities	3. Cash, Cash Equivalents, and Marketable Securities Cash, cash equivalents, and marketable securities consisted of the following at March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022 (in thousands): March 31, December 31, Cash and cash equivalents: Cash $ 899,537 $ 1,476,945 Money market funds 7,097 4,324 Total cash and cash equivalents 906,634 1,481,269 Marketable securities: Foreign debt 56,499 59,777 U.S. debt 56,731 56,463 U.S. Treasury securities 520,516 — Time deposits 730,861 980,472 Total marketable securities 1,364,607 1,096,712 Total cash, cash equivalents, and marketable securities $ 2,271,241 $ 2,577,981 The following table provides a reconciliation of cash, cash equivalents, restricted cash, and restricted cash equivalents reported within our condensed consolidated balance sheets as of March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022 to the total of such amounts as presented in the condensed consolidated statements of cash flows (in thousands): Balance Sheet Line Item March 31, December 31, Cash and cash equivalents Cash and cash equivalents $ 906,634 $ 1,481,269 Restricted cash – current Other current assets 12,256 3,175 Restricted cash – noncurrent Other assets 1,349 2,734 Restricted cash equivalents - noncurrent Other assets 2,579 6,284 Total cash, cash equivalents, restricted cash, and restricted cash equivalents $ 922,818 $ 1,493,462 See Note 9. “Fair Value Measurements” to our condensed consolidated financial statements for information about the fair value of our marketable securities. The following tables summarize the unrealized gains and losses related to our available-for-sale marketable securities, by major security type, as of March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022 (in thousands): As of March 31, 2023 Amortized Unrealized Unrealized Allowance for Credit Losses Fair Foreign debt $ 56,952 $ — $ 430 $ 23 $ 56,499 U.S. debt 58,376 — 1,623 22 56,731 U.S. Treasury securities 520,705 — 189 — 520,516 Time deposits 731,114 — — 253 730,861 Total $ 1,367,147 $ — $ 2,242 $ 298 $ 1,364,607 As of December 31, 2022 Amortized Unrealized Unrealized Allowance for Credit Losses Fair Foreign debt $ 59,940 $ — $ 140 $ 23 $ 59,777 U.S. debt 58,308 — 1,823 22 56,463 Time deposits 980,810 — — 338 980,472 Total $ 1,099,058 $ — $ 1,963 $ 383 $ 1,096,712 The following table presents the change in the allowance for credit losses related to our available-for-sale marketable securities for the three months ended March 31, 2023 and 2022 (in thousands): Three Months Ended 2023 2022 Allowance for credit losses, beginning of period $ 383 $ 97 Provision for credit losses, net 253 49 Sales and maturities of marketable securities (338) (86) Allowance for credit losses, end of period $ 298 $ 60 The contractual maturities of our marketable securities as of March 31, 2023 were as follows (in thousands): Fair One year or less $ 1,259,325 One year to two years 69,886 Two years to three years 31,399 Three years to four years — Four years to five years — More than five years 3,997 Total $ 1,364,607

4. Restricted Marketable Securi

4. Restricted Marketable Securities	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2023
Debt Securities, Available-for-Sale, Restricted [Abstract]
Restricted Cash and Investments	4. Restricted Marketable Securities Restricted marketable securities consisted of the following as of March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022 (in thousands): March 31, December 31, Foreign government obligations $ 48,539 $ 46,886 Supranational debt 15,614 8,661 U.S. debt 114,283 109,328 U.S. government obligations 18,155 17,195 Total restricted marketable securities $ 196,591 $ 182,070 Our restricted marketable securities represent long-term investments to fund the estimated future cost of collecting and recycling modules covered under our solar module collection and recycling program. We have established a trust under which estimated funds are put into custodial accounts with an established and reputable bank, for which First Solar, Inc.; First Solar Malaysia Sdn. Bhd.; and First Solar Manufacturing GmbH are grantors. As of March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022, such custodial accounts also included noncurrent restricted cash and cash equivalents balances of $2.6 million and $6.7 million, respectively, which were reported within “Other assets.” Trust funds may be disbursed for qualified module collection and recycling costs (including capital and facility related recycling costs), payments to customers for assuming collection and recycling obligations, and reimbursements of any overfunded amounts. Investments in the trust must meet certain investment quality criteria comparable to highly rated government or agency bonds. As necessary, we fund any incremental amounts for our estimated collection and recycling obligations on an annual basis based on the estimated costs of collecting and recycling covered modules, estimated rates of return on our restricted marketable securities, and an estimated solar module life of 25 years, less amounts already funded in prior years. See Note 9. “Fair Value Measurements” to our condensed consolidated financial statements for information about the fair value of our restricted marketable securities. The following tables summarize the unrealized gains and losses related to our restricted marketable securities, by major security type, as of March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022 (in thousands): As of March 31, 2023 Amortized Unrealized Unrealized Allowance for Credit Losses Fair Foreign government obligations $ 64,647 $ — $ 16,098 $ 10 $ 48,539 Supranational debt 17,851 — 2,237 — 15,614 U.S. debt 147,842 — 33,531 28 114,283 U.S. government obligations 24,529 — 6,369 5 18,155 Total $ 254,869 $ — $ 58,235 $ 43 $ 196,591 As of December 31, 2022 Amortized Unrealized Unrealized Allowance for Credit Losses Fair Foreign government obligations $ 64,008 $ — $ 17,112 $ 10 $ 46,886 Supranational debt 11,146 — 2,485 — 8,661 U.S. debt 148,288 — 38,932 28 109,328 U.S. government obligations 24,551 — 7,352 4 17,195 Total $ 247,993 $ — $ 65,881 $ 42 $ 182,070 The following table presents the change in the allowance for credit losses related to our restricted marketable securities for the three months ended March 31, 2023 and 2022 (in thousands): Three Months Ended 2023 2022 Allowance for credit losses, beginning of period $ 42 $ 53 Provision for credit losses, net 1 (3) Allowance for credit losses, end of period $ 43 $ 50 As of March 31, 2023, the contractual maturities of our restricted marketable securities were between 8 years and 16 years.

5. Consolidated Balance Sheet D

5. Consolidated Balance Sheet Details	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2023
Balance Sheet Related Disclosures [Abstract]
Consolidated Balance Sheet Details	5. Consolidated Balance Sheet Details Accounts receivable trade, net Accounts receivable trade, net consisted of the following at March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022 (in thousands): March 31, December 31, Accounts receivable trade, gross $ 299,628 $ 325,379 Allowance for credit losses (1,008) (1,042) Accounts receivable trade, net $ 298,620 $ 324,337 Allowance for credit losses The following table presents the change in the allowance for credit losses related to our trade accounts receivable for the three months ended March 31, 2023 and 2022 (in thousands): Three Months Ended 2023 2022 Allowance for credit losses, beginning of period $ 1,042 $ 664 Provision for credit losses, net (34) (185) Allowance for credit losses, end of period $ 1,008 $ 479 Inventories Inventories consisted of the following at March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022 (in thousands): March 31, December 31, Raw materials $ 403,225 $ 397,912 Work in process 75,731 66,641 Finished goods 525,804 417,218 Inventories $ 1,004,760 $ 881,771 Inventories – current $ 751,407 $ 621,376 Inventories – noncurrent $ 253,353 $ 260,395 Other current assets Other current assets consisted of the following at March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022 (in thousands): March 31, December 31, Spare maintenance materials and parts $ 120,542 $ 114,428 Operating supplies 59,697 47,492 Prepaid expenses 45,470 43,262 Prepaid income taxes 12,325 8,314 Restricted cash 12,256 3,175 Derivative instruments (1) 2,690 2,018 Other 19,722 18,384 Other current assets $ 272,702 $ 237,073 —————————— (1) See Note 7. “Derivative Financial Instruments” to our condensed consolidated financial statements for discussion of our derivative instruments. Property, plant and equipment, net Property, plant and equipment, net consisted of the following at March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022 (in thousands): March 31, December 31, Land $ 35,305 $ 35,259 Buildings and improvements 1,009,652 893,049 Machinery and equipment 2,803,499 2,762,801 Office equipment and furniture 155,321 146,467 Leasehold improvements 40,077 40,160 Construction in progress 1,343,541 1,121,938 Property, plant and equipment, gross 5,387,395 4,999,674 Accumulated depreciation (1,528,791) (1,462,772) Property, plant and equipment, net $ 3,858,604 $ 3,536,902 Depreciation of property, plant and equipment was $65.9 million and $58.6 million for the three months ended March 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively. Goodwill Goodwill for the relevant reporting unit consisted of the following at March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022 (in thousands): December 31, Acquisitions (Impairments) March 31, Modules $ 407,827 $ — $ 407,827 Accumulated impairment losses (393,365) — (393,365) Goodwill $ 14,462 $ — $ 14,462 Intangible assets, net Intangible assets, net consisted of the following at March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022 (in thousands): March 31, 2023 Gross Amount Accumulated Amortization Net Amount Developed technology $ 97,347 $ (71,150) $ 26,197 Patents 8,970 (6,690) 2,280 Intangible assets, net $ 106,317 $ (77,840) $ 28,477 December 31, 2022 Gross Amount Accumulated Amortization Net Amount Developed technology $ 97,347 $ (68,650) $ 28,697 Patents 8,970 (6,561) 2,409 Intangible assets, net $ 106,317 $ (75,211) $ 31,106 Amortization of intangible assets was $2.6 million and $2.7 million for the three months ended March 31, 2023 and 2022. Other assets Other assets consisted of the following at March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022 (in thousands): March 31, December 31, Advance payments for raw materials $ 137,860 $ 91,260 Operating lease assets (1) 91,282 93,185 Income tax receivables 56,993 56,993 Project assets 30,397 30,108 Accounts receivable unbilled, net 10,111 11,498 Restricted cash equivalents 2,579 6,284 Restricted cash 1,349 2,734 Accounts receivable trade, net — 1,500 Other 56,149 62,630 Other assets $ 386,720 $ 356,192 —————————— (1) See Note 8. “Leases” to our condensed consolidated financial statements for discussion of our lease arrangements. Accrued expenses Accrued expenses consisted of the following at March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022 (in thousands): March 31, December 31, Accrued property, plant and equipment $ 193,399 $ 148,777 Accrued freight 69,090 77,136 Accrued inventory 54,463 44,679 Accrued compensation and benefits 17,339 47,939 Accrued other taxes 12,862 19,765 Product warranty liability (1) 10,236 10,660 Other 34,523 33,826 Accrued expenses $ 391,912 $ 382,782 —————————— (1) See Note 11. “Commitments and Contingencies” to our condensed consolidated financial statements for discussion of our “Product Warranties.” Other current liabilities Other current liabilities consisted of the following at March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022 (in thousands): March 31, December 31, Operating lease liabilities (1) $ 9,363 $ 9,193 Derivative instruments (2) 6,797 6,668 Other taxes payable 1,180 1,185 Other 3,291 4,199 Other current liabilities $ 20,631 $ 21,245 —————————— (1) See Note 8. “Leases” to our condensed consolidated financial statements for discussion of our lease arrangements. (2) See Note 7. “Derivative Financial Instruments” to our condensed consolidated financial statements for discussion of our derivative instruments. Other liabilities Other liabilities consisted of the following at March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022 (in thousands): March 31, December 31, Operating lease liabilities (1) $ 38,473 $ 40,589 Deferred tax liabilities, net 32,500 28,929 Product warranty liability (2) 23,079 23,127 Other 27,320 27,292 Other liabilities $ 121,372 $ 119,937 —————————— (1) See Note 8. “Leases” to our condensed consolidated financial statements for discussion of our lease arrangements. (2) See Note 11. “Commitments and Contingencies” to our condensed consolidated financial statements for discussion of our “Product Warranties.”

6. Government Grants

6. Government Grants	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2023
Government Assistance [Abstract]
Government Grants	6. Government Grants Government grants represent benefits provided by federal, state, or local governments that are not subject to the scope of ASC 740. We recognize a grant when we have reasonable assurance that we will comply with the grant’s conditions and that the grant will be received. Government grants whose primary condition is the purchase, construction, or acquisition of a long-lived asset are considered asset-based grants and are recognized as a reduction to such asset’s cost-basis, which reduces future depreciation. Other government grants not related to long-lived assets are considered income-based grants, which are recognized as a reduction to the related cost of activities that generated the benefit. The following table presents the benefits recognized from income-based government grants in our condensed consolidated statements of operations for the three months ended March 31, 2023 and 2022 (in thousands): Three Months Ended Income Statement Line Item 2023 2022 Cost of sales $ 70,114 $ — In August 2022, the U.S. President signed into law the Inflation Reduction Act of 2022 (“IRA”). Among other things, the IRA offers a tax credit, pursuant to Section 45X of the Internal Revenue Code (“IRC”), for solar modules and solar module components manufactured in the United States and sold to third parties. Such credit may be refundable or transferable to a third party and is available from 2023 to 2032, subject to phase down beginning in 2030. For eligible components, the credit is equal to (i) $12 per square meter for a photovoltaic (“PV”) wafer, (ii) 4 cents multiplied by the capacity of a PV cell, and (iii) 7 cents multiplied by the capacity of a PV module. Based on the current form factor of our modules, we expect to qualify for a credit of approximately 17 cents per watt for each module produced in the United States and sold to a third party. We recognize such credit as a reduction to “Cost of sales” in the period the modules are sold to customers. Such credit is also reflected on our condensed consolidated balance sheets within “Government grants receivable.”

7. Derivative Financial Instrum

7. Derivative Financial Instruments	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2023
Derivative Instruments and Hedging Activities Disclosure [Abstract]
Derivative Financial Instruments	7. Derivative Financial Instruments As a global company, we are exposed in the normal course of business to interest rate, foreign currency, and commodity price risks that could affect our financial position, results of operations, and cash flows. We use derivative instruments to hedge against these risks and only hold such instruments for hedging purposes, not for speculative or trading purposes. Depending on the terms of the specific derivative instruments and market conditions, some of our derivative instruments may be assets and others liabilities at any particular balance sheet date. We report all of our derivative instruments at fair value and account for changes in the fair value of derivative instruments within “Accumulated other comprehensive loss” if the derivative instruments qualify for hedge accounting. For those derivative instruments that do not qualify for hedge accounting (i.e., “economic hedges”), we record the changes in fair value directly to earnings. See Note 9. “Fair Value Measurements” to our condensed consolidated financial statements for information about the techniques we use to measure the fair value of our derivative instruments. The following tables present the fair values of derivative instruments included in our condensed consolidated balance sheets as of March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022 (in thousands): March 31, 2023 Other Current Assets Other Current Liabilities Derivatives designated as hedging instruments: Commodity swap contracts $ — $ 2,323 Total derivatives designated as hedging instruments $ — $ 2,323 Derivatives not designated as hedging instruments: Foreign exchange forward contracts $ 2,690 $ 4,474 Total derivatives not designated as hedging instruments $ 2,690 $ 4,474 Total derivative instruments $ 2,690 $ 6,797 December 31, 2022 Other Current Assets Other Assets Other Current Liabilities Other Liabilities Derivatives designated as hedging instruments: Commodity swap contracts $ — $ 17 $ 4,447 $ 144 Total derivatives designated as hedging instruments $ — $ 17 $ 4,447 $ 144 Derivatives not designated as hedging instruments: Foreign exchange forward contracts $ 2,018 $ — $ 2,221 $ — Total derivatives not designated as hedging instruments $ 2,018 $ — $ 2,221 $ — Total derivative instruments $ 2,018 $ 17 $ 6,668 $ 144 The following table presents the pretax amounts related to derivative instruments designated as cash flow hedges affecting accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) and our condensed consolidated statements of operations for the three months ended March 31, 2023 and 2022 (in thousands): Foreign Exchange Forward Contracts Commodity Swap Contracts Total Balance as of December 31, 2022 $ — $ (7,242) $ (7,242) Amounts recognized in other comprehensive income (loss) — 254 254 Amounts reclassified to earnings impacting: Cost of sales — 2,668 2,668 Balance as of March 31, 2023 $ — $ (4,320) $ (4,320) Balance as of December 31, 2021 $ 1,126 $ — $ 1,126 Amounts recognized in other comprehensive income (loss) 426 (402) 24 Amounts reclassified to earnings impacting: Cost of sales (560) — (560) Balance as of March 31, 2022 $ 992 $ (402) $ 590 During the three months ended March 31, 2022, we recognized unrealized losses of less than $0.1 million within “Cost of sales” for amounts excluded from effectiveness testing for our foreign exchange forward contracts designated as cash flow hedges. The following table presents the pretax amounts related to derivative instruments designated as net investment hedges affecting accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) and our condensed consolidated statements of operations for the three months ended March 31, 2023 (in thousands): Foreign Exchange Forward Contracts Balance as of December 31, 2022 $ (667) Amounts recognized in other comprehensive income (loss) — Balance as of March 31, 2023 $ (667) The following table presents gains and losses related to derivative instruments not designated as hedges affecting our condensed consolidated statements of operations for the three months ended March 31, 2023 and 2022 (in thousands): Amount of Gain (Loss) Recognized in Income Three Months Ended Income Statement Line Item 2023 2022 Foreign exchange forward contracts Cost of sales $ — $ 78 Foreign exchange forward contracts Foreign currency loss, net (4,683) 18,981 Foreign Currency Risk Cash Flow Exposure We expect certain of our subsidiaries to have future cash flows that will be denominated in currencies other than the subsidiaries’ functional currencies. Changes in the exchange rates between the functional currencies of our subsidiaries and the other currencies in which they transact will cause fluctuations in the cash flows we expect to receive or pay when these cash flows are realized or settled. Accordingly, we enter into foreign exchange forward contracts to hedge a portion of these forecasted cash flows. These foreign exchange forward contracts qualify for accounting as cash flow hedges in accordance with Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”) 815, and we designated them as such. We report unrealized gains or losses on such contracts in “Accumulated other comprehensive loss” and subsequently reclassify applicable amounts into earnings when the hedged transaction occurs and impacts earnings. Net Investment Exposure The functional currencies of certain of our foreign subsidiaries are their local currencies. Accordingly, we apply period-end exchange rates to translate their assets and liabilities and daily transaction exchange rates to translate their revenues, expenses, gains, and losses into U.S. dollars. We include the associated translation adjustments as a separate component of “Accumulated other comprehensive loss” within stockholders’ equity. From time to time, we may seek to mitigate the impact of such translation adjustments by entering into foreign exchange forward contracts that are designated as hedges of net investments in certain foreign subsidiaries. In June 2022, we entered into a foreign exchange forward contract with a notional value of ¥8.0 billion ($60.6 million), which matured in December 2022. Such foreign exchange forward contract qualified for and was designated as a hedge of our net investment in a certain foreign subsidiary in Japan. We report unrealized gains or losses on this contract, which are based on spot exchange rates, as a component of our foreign currency translation adjustments within “Accumulated other comprehensive loss” and subsequently reclassify applicable amounts into earnings when the net investments are sold or substantially liquidated. Transaction Exposure and Economic Hedging Many of our subsidiaries have assets and liabilities (primarily cash, receivables, deferred taxes, payables, accrued expenses, operating lease liabilities, long-term debt, and solar module collection and recycling liabilities) that are denominated in currencies other than the subsidiaries’ functional currencies. Changes in the exchange rates between the functional currencies of our subsidiaries and the other currencies in which these assets and liabilities are denominated will create fluctuations in our reported condensed consolidated statements of operations and cash flows. We may enter into foreign exchange forward contracts or other financial instruments to economically hedge assets and liabilities against the effects of currency exchange rate fluctuations. The gains and losses on such foreign exchange forward contracts will economically offset all or part of the transaction gains and losses that we recognize in earnings on the related foreign currency denominated assets and liabilities. We also enter into foreign exchange forward contracts to economically hedge balance sheet and other exposures related to transactions between certain of our subsidiaries and transactions with third parties. Such contracts are considered economic hedges and do not qualify for hedge accounting. Accordingly, we recognize gains or losses from the fluctuations in foreign exchange rates and the fair value of these derivative contracts in “Foreign currency loss, net” on our condensed consolidated statements of operations. As of March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022, the notional values of our foreign exchange forward contracts that do not qualify for hedge accounting were as follows (notional amounts and U.S. dollar equivalents in millions): March 31, 2023 Transaction Currency Notional Amount USD Equivalent Sell Canadian dollar CAD 4.2 $3.1 Sell Chilean peso CLP 1,979.6 $2.5 Purchase Euro €96.4 $104.5 Sell Euro €28.8 $31.2 Purchase Indian rupee INR 12,009.8 $146.0 Sell Indian rupee INR 26,911.9 $327.1 Purchase Japanese yen ¥2,151.6 $16.3 Sell Japanese yen ¥1,971.1 $14.9 Purchase Malaysian ringgit MYR 113.3 $25.7 Sell Malaysian ringgit MYR 35.0 $7.9 Sell Mexican peso MXN 34.6 $1.9 Purchase Singapore dollar SGD 21.4 $16.1 December 31, 2022 Transaction Currency Notional Amount USD Equivalent Sell Canadian dollar CAD 4.2 $3.1 Sell Chilean peso CLP 5,996.5 $7.0 Purchase Euro €160.2 $170.5 Sell Euro €38.4 $40.9 Sell Indian rupee INR 27,119.5 $327.4 Purchase Japanese yen ¥2,982.7 $22.4 Sell Japanese yen ¥8,950.3 $67.1 Purchase Malaysian ringgit MYR 99.8 $22.6 Sell Malaysian ringgit MYR 13.7 $3.1 Sell Mexican peso MXN 34.6 $1.8 Purchase Singapore dollar SGD 1.4 $1.0 Commodity Price Risk We use commodity swap contracts to mitigate our exposure to commodity price fluctuations for certain raw materials used in the production of our modules. During the year ended December 31, 2022, we entered into various commodity swap contracts to hedge a portion of our forecasted cash flows for purchases of aluminum frames between July 2022 and December 2023. Such swaps had an aggregate initial notional value based on metric tons of forecasted aluminum purchases, equivalent to $70.5 million, and entitle us to receive a three-month average London Metals Exchange price for aluminum while requiring us to pay certain fixed prices. The notional amount of the commodity swap contracts proportionately adjusts with forecasted purchases of aluminum frames. As of March 31, 2023, the notional value associated with these contracts was $18.6 million. These commodity swap contracts qualify for accounting as cash flow hedges in accordance with ASC 815, and we designated them as such. We report unrealized gains or losses on such contracts in “Accumulated other comprehensive loss” and subsequently reclassify applicable amounts into earnings when the hedged transactions occur and impact earnings. We determined that these derivative financial instruments were highly effective as cash flow hedges as of March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022. In the following 12 months, we expect to reclassify into earnings $4.2 million of net unrealized losses related to these commodity swap contracts that are included in “Accumulated other comprehensive loss” at March 31, 2023 as we realize the earnings effects of the related forecasted transactions. The amount we ultimately record to earnings will depend on the actual commodity pricing when we realize the related forecasted transactions.

8. Leases

8. Leases	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2023
Leases [Abstract]
Lessee, Operating Leases	8. Leases Our lease arrangements include land associated with our corporate and administrative offices, land for our international manufacturing facilities, and certain of our manufacturing equipment. Such leases primarily relate to assets located in the United States, Malaysia, India, and Vietnam. The following table presents certain quantitative information related to our lease arrangements for the three months ended March 31, 2023 and 2022, and as of March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022 (in thousands): Three Months Ended 2023 2022 Operating lease cost $ 2,937 $ 4,377 Variable lease cost 895 599 Short-term lease cost 70 31 Total lease cost $ 3,902 $ 5,007 Payments of amounts included in the measurement of operating lease liabilities $ 2,753 $ 4,136 Lease assets obtained in exchange for operating lease liabilities $ 251 $ 534 March 31, December 31, Operating lease assets $ 91,282 $ 93,185 Operating lease liabilities – current 9,363 9,193 Operating lease liabilities – noncurrent 38,473 40,589 Weighted-average remaining lease term 5 years 6 years Weighted-average discount rate 5.1 % 5.1 % As of March 31, 2023, the future payments associated with our lease liabilities were as follows (in thousands): Total Lease Liabilities Remainder of 2023 $ 8,558 2024 10,999 2025 9,899 2026 8,367 2027 5,777 2028 5,900 Thereafter 5,490 Total future payments 54,990 Less: interest (7,154) Total lease liabilities $ 47,836

9. Fair Value Measurements

9. Fair Value Measurements	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2023
Fair Value Disclosures [Abstract]
Fair Value Measurements	9. Fair Value Measurements The following is a description of the valuation techniques that we use to measure the fair value of assets and liabilities that we measure and report at fair value on a recurring basis: • Cash Equivalents and Restricted Cash Equivalents. At March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022, our cash equivalents and restricted cash equivalents consisted of money market funds. We value our cash equivalents and restricted cash equivalents using observable inputs that reflect quoted prices for securities with identical characteristics and classify the valuation techniques that use these inputs as Level 1. • Marketable Securities and Restricted Marketable Securities. At March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022, our marketable securities consisted of foreign debt, U.S. debt, U.S. Treasury securities, and time deposits, and our restricted marketable securities consisted of foreign and U.S. government obligations, supranational debt, and U.S. debt. We value our marketable securities and restricted marketable securities using observable inputs that reflect quoted prices for securities with identical characteristics or quoted prices for securities with similar characteristics and other observable inputs (such as interest rates that are observable at commonly quoted intervals). Accordingly, we classify the valuation techniques that use these inputs as either Level 1 or Level 2 depending on the inputs used. We also consider the effect of our counterparties’ credit standing in these fair value measurements. • Derivative Assets and Liabilities . At March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022, our derivative assets and liabilities consisted of foreign exchange forward contracts involving major currencies and commodity swap contracts involving major commodity prices. Since our derivative assets and liabilities are not traded on an exchange, we value them using standard industry valuation models. As applicable, these models project future cash flows and discount the amounts to a present value using market-based observable inputs, including credit risk, foreign exchange rates, forward and spot prices for currencies, and forward prices for commodities. These inputs are observable in active markets over the contract term of the derivative instruments we hold, and accordingly, we classify the valuation techniques as Level 2. In evaluating credit risk, we consider the effect of our counterparties’ and our own credit standing in the fair value measurements of our derivative assets and liabilities, respectively. At March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022, the fair value measurements of our assets and liabilities measured on a recurring basis were as follows (in thousands): Fair Value Measurements at Reporting March 31, Quoted Prices Significant Significant Unobservable Inputs (Level 3) Assets: Cash equivalents: Money market funds $ 7,097 $ 7,097 $ — $ — Restricted cash equivalents: Money market funds 2,579 2,579 — — Marketable securities: Foreign debt 56,499 — 56,499 — U.S. debt 56,731 — 56,731 — U.S. Treasury securities 520,516 520,516 — — Time deposits 730,861 730,861 — — Restricted marketable securities 196,591 — 196,591 — Derivative assets 2,690 — 2,690 — Total assets $ 1,573,564 $ 1,261,053 $ 312,511 $ — Liabilities: Derivative liabilities $ 6,797 $ — $ 6,797 $ — Fair Value Measurements at Reporting December 31, Quoted Prices Significant Significant Unobservable Inputs (Level 3) Assets: Cash equivalents: Money market funds $ 4,324 $ 4,324 $ — $ — Restricted cash equivalents: Money market funds 6,284 6,284 — — Marketable securities: Foreign debt 59,777 — 59,777 — U.S. debt 56,463 — 56,463 — Time deposits 980,472 980,472 — — Restricted marketable securities 182,070 — 182,070 — Derivative assets 2,035 — 2,035 — Total assets $ 1,291,425 $ 991,080 $ 300,345 $ — Liabilities: Derivative liabilities $ 6,812 $ — $ 6,812 $ — Fair Value of Financial Instruments At March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022, the carrying values and fair values of our financial instruments not measured at fair value were as follows (in thousands): March 31, 2023 December 31, 2022 Carrying Fair Carrying Fair Assets: Government grants receivable - noncurrent $ 70,114 $ 69,243 $ — $ — Accounts receivable unbilled, net - noncurrent 10,111 9,178 11,498 10,304 Accounts receivable trade, net - noncurrent — — 1,500 1,339 Liabilities: Long-term debt (1) $ 321,000 $ 283,996 $ 185,000 $ 160,986 —————————— (1) Excludes unamortized issuance costs. The carrying values in our condensed consolidated balance sheets of our current trade accounts receivable, current unbilled accounts receivable, restricted cash, accounts payable, and accrued expenses approximated their fair values due to their nature and relatively short maturities; therefore, we excluded them from the foregoing table. The fair value measurements for our noncurrent unbilled accounts receivable, noncurrent trade accounts receivable, government grants receivable, and long-term debt are considered Level 2 measurements under the fair value hierarchy. Credit Risk We have certain financial and derivative instruments that subject us to credit risk. These consist primarily of cash, cash equivalents, marketable securities, accounts receivable, restricted cash, restricted cash equivalents, restricted marketable securities, foreign exchange forward contracts, and commodity swap contracts. We are exposed to credit losses in the event of nonperformance by the counterparties to our financial and derivative instruments. We place these instruments with various high-quality financial institutions and limit the amount of credit risk from any one counterparty. We monitor the credit standing of our counterparty financial institutions. Our net sales are primarily concentrated among a limited number of customers. We monitor the financial condition of our customers and perform credit evaluations whenever considered necessary. We typically require some form of payment security from our customers, including, but not limited to, advance payments, parent guarantees, letters of credit, bank guarantees, or surety bonds.

10. Debt

10. Debt	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2022
Debt Instruments [Abstract]
Debt	10. Debt Our long-term debt consisted of the following at March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022 (in thousands): Balance (USD) Loan Agreement Currency March 31, December 31, India Credit Facility USD $ 321,000 $ 185,000 Less: unamortized issuance costs (622) (651) Total long-term debt $ 320,378 $ 184,349 India Credit Facility In July 2022, FS India Solar Ventures Private Limited, our indirect wholly-owned subsidiary, entered into a finance agreement (the “India Credit Facility”) with the U.S. International Development Finance Corporation (“DFC”) for aggregate borrowings up to $500.0 million for the development and construction of an approximately 3.3 GW DC solar module manufacturing facility in India. Principal on the India Credit Facility is payable in scheduled semi-annual installments through the facility’s expected maturity in August 2029. The India Credit Facility is guaranteed by First Solar, Inc. Interest Rate Risk As of March 31, 2023, our long-term debt borrowing rates were as follows: Loan Agreement Interest Rate Effective Interest Rate India Credit Facility U.S. Treasury Constant Maturity Yield plus 1.75% 5.36% Future Principal Payments At March 31, 2023, the future principal payments on our long-term debt were due as follows (in thousands): Total Debt Remainder of 2023 $ — 2024 22,759 2025 58,358 2026 58,358 2027 58,390 2028 58,422 Thereafter 64,713 Total long-term debt future principal payments $ 321,000

11. Commitments and Contingenci

11. Commitments and Contingencies	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2023
Commitments and Contingencies Disclosure [Abstract]
Commitments and Contingencies	11. Commitments and Contingencies Commercial Commitments During the normal course of business, we enter into commercial commitments in the form of letters of credit and surety bonds to provide financial and performance assurance to third parties. As of March 31, 2023, the majority of these commercial commitments supported our modules business. As of March 31, 2023, the issued and outstanding amounts and available capacities under these commitments were as follows (in millions): Issued and Outstanding Available Capacity Bilateral facilities (1) $ 119.3 $ 126.1 Surety bonds 8.7 233.1 —————————— (1) Of the total letters of credit issued under the bilateral facilities, $13.0 million was secured with cash. Product Warranties When we recognize revenue for sales of modules or projects, we accrue liabilities for the estimated future costs of meeting our limited warranty obligations for both modules and the balance of the systems. We estimate our limited product warranty liability for power output and defects in materials and workmanship under normal use and service conditions based on return rates for each series of module technology. We make and revise these estimates based primarily on the number of solar modules under warranty installed at customer locations, our historical experience with and projections of warranty claims, and our estimated per-module replacement costs. We also monitor our expected future module performance through certain quality and reliability testing and actual performance in certain field installation sites. From time to time, we have taken remediation actions with respect to affected modules beyond our limited warranties and may elect to do so in the future, in which case we would incur additional expenses. Such potential voluntary future remediation actions beyond our limited warranty obligations may be material to our condensed consolidated statements of operations if we commit to any such remediation actions. Product warranty activities during the three months ended March 31, 2023 and 2022 were as follows (in thousands): Three Months Ended 2023 2022 Product warranty liability, beginning of period $ 33,787 $ 52,553 Accruals for new warranties issued 994 848 Settlements (1,326) (6,002) Changes in estimate of product warranty liability (140) (383) Product warranty liability, end of period $ 33,315 $ 47,016 Current portion of warranty liability $ 10,236 $ 11,809 Noncurrent portion of warranty liability $ 23,079 $ 35,207 Indemnifications In certain limited circumstances, we have provided indemnifications to customers or other parties under which we are contractually obligated to compensate such parties for losses they suffer resulting from a breach of a representation, warranty, or covenant; the resolution of specific matters associated with a project’s development or construction; or guarantees of a third party’s payment or performance obligations. For contracts that have such indemnification provisions, we initially recognize a liability under ASC 460 for the estimated premium that would be required by a guarantor to issue the same indemnity in a standalone arm’s-length transaction with an unrelated party. We may base these estimates on the cost of insurance or other instruments that cover the underlying risks being indemnified and may purchase such instruments to mitigate our exposure to potential indemnification payments. We subsequently measure such liabilities at the greater of the initially estimated premium or the contingent liability required to be recognized under ASC 450. We recognize any indemnification liabilities as a reduction of earnings associated with the related transaction. After an indemnification liability is recorded, we derecognize such amount pursuant to ASC 460 depending on the nature of the indemnity, which derecognition typically occurs upon expiration or settlement of the arrangement, and any contingent aspects of the indemnity are accounted for in accordance with ASC 450. As of March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022, we accrued $2.5 million of current indemnification liabilities. As of March 31, 2023, the maximum potential amount of future payments under our indemnifications was $53.8 million, and we held insurance and other instruments allowing us to recover up to $27.3 million of potential amounts paid under the indemnifications. Solar Module Collection and Recycling Liability We previously established a module collection and recycling program, which has since been discontinued, to collect and recycle modules sold and covered under such program once the modules reach the end of their service lives. For legacy customer sales contracts that are covered under this program, we agreed to pay the costs for the collection and recycling of qualifying solar modules, and the end-users agreed to notify us, disassemble their solar power systems, package the solar modules for shipment, and revert ownership rights over the modules back to us at the end of the modules’ service lives. Accordingly, we recorded any collection and recycling obligations within “Cost of sales” at the time of sale based on the estimated cost to collect and recycle the covered solar modules. We estimate the cost of our collection and recycling obligations based on the present value of the expected future cost of collecting and recycling the solar modules, which includes estimates for the cost of packaging materials; the cost of freight from the solar module installation sites to a recycling center; material, labor, and capital costs; and by-product credits for certain materials recovered during the recycling process. We base these estimates on our experience collecting and recycling solar modules and certain assumptions regarding costs at the time the solar modules will be collected and recycled. In the periods between the time of sale and the related settlement of the collection and recycling obligation, we accrete the carrying amount of the associated liability and classify the corresponding expense within “Selling, general and administrative” expense on our condensed consolidated statements of operations. Our module collection and recycling liability was $130.3 million and $128.1 million as of March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022, respectively. See Note 4. “Restricted Marketable Securities” to our condensed consolidated financial statements for more information about our arrangements for funding this liability. Legal Proceedings Class Action On January 7, 2022, a putative class action lawsuit titled City of Pontiac General Employees’ Retirement System v. First Solar, Inc., et al., Case No. 2:22-cv-00036-MTL, was filed in the United States District Court for the District of Arizona (hereafter “Arizona District Court”) against the Company and certain of our current officers (collectively, “Putative Class Action Defendants”). The complaint was filed on behalf of a purported class consisting of all purchasers of First Solar common stock between February 22, 2019 and February 20, 2020, inclusive. The complaint asserts violations of Sections 10(b) and 20(a) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 and Rule 10b-5 based on allegedly false and misleading statements related to the Company’s Series 6 solar modules and its project development business. It seeks unspecified damages and an award of costs and expenses. On April 25, 2022, the Arizona District Court issued an order appointing the Palm Harbor Special Fire Control & Rescue District Firefighters’ Pension Plan and the Greater Pennsylvania Carpenters’ Pension Fund as Lead Plaintiffs. On June 23, 2022, Lead Plaintiffs filed an Amended Complaint that brings the same claims and seeks the same relief as the original complaint. On January 10, 2023, the Court granted the Putative Class Action Defendants’ motion to dismiss in full, with leave to amend by February 10, 2023. On February 10, 2023, Lead Plaintiffs filed a Second Amended Complaint. Putative Class Action Defendants filed a motion to dismiss the Second Amended Complaint on February 24, 2023. Lead Plaintiffs filed their opposition to the motion to dismiss on March 10, 2023, and Putative Class Action Defendants filed a reply in support of their motion to dismiss on March 17, 2023. Given the early stage of the litigation, at this time we are not in a position to assess the likelihood of any potential loss or adverse effect on our financial condition or to estimate the amount or range of possible loss, if any, from this action. Derivative Action On September 13, 2022, a derivative action titled Federman v. Widmar, et al., Case No. 2:22-cv-01541-JAT, was filed by a putative stockholder purportedly on behalf of the Company in the Arizona District Court against our current directors and certain officers of the Company (collectively, “Derivative Action Defendants”), alleging violations of Section 14(a) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, breach of fiduciary duties, contribution and indemnification, aiding and abetting, and gross mismanagement. The complaint generally alleges that the Derivative Action Defendants caused or allowed false and misleading statements to be made concerning the Company’s Series 6 modules and project development business. The action includes claims for, among other things, damages in favor of the Company and an award of costs and expenses to the putative plaintiff stockholder, including attorneys’ fees. The Company believes that the plaintiff in the derivative action lacks standing to pursue litigation on behalf of First Solar. On February 17, 2023, the case was transferred to Judge Liburdi, who is also presiding over the related putative class action. On March 10, 2023, the plaintiff filed an Amended Complaint. On April 10, 2023, the Derivative Action Defendants filed a motion to dismiss the Amended Complaint. The plaintiff’s deadline to oppose the Derivative Action Defendants’ motion to dismiss is May 18, 2023. Given the early stage of the litigation, at this time we are not in a position to assess the likelihood of any potential loss or adverse effect on our financial condition or to estimate the amount or range of possible loss, if any, from this action. Other Matters and Claims On July 12, 2021, Southern Power Company and certain of its affiliates (“Southern”) filed an arbitration demand with the American Arbitration Association against two subsidiaries of the Company, alleging breach of the engineering, procurement, and construction (“EPC”) agreements for five projects in the United States, for which the Company’s subsidiaries served as EPC contractor. The arbitration demand asserts breach of obligations to design and engineer the projects in accordance with the EPC agreements, particularly as such obligations relate to the procurement of tracker systems and inverters. The Company and its subsidiaries deny the claims, and defended the claims in arbitration hearings, which concluded in late February 2023. At this time, the Company believes that Southern is seeking damages of approximately $60 million. The parties are in the process of submitting post-hearing briefs and proposals, which are due in early May 2023. The arbitration panel will choose from the parties’ proposals by issuing an award later this year. At this time, given the inherent risks and uncertainties involved in arbitration, we believe the likelihood of a potential loss is reasonably possible, but we are unable to estimate the amount or range of potential loss, if any, from this arbitration. During the year ended December 31, 2022, we received several indemnification demands from certain customers, for whom we provided EPC services, regarding claims that such customers’ PV tracker systems infringe, in part, on patents owned by Rovshan Sade (“Sade”), the owner of a company called Trabant Solar, Inc. In January 2023, we were notified by two of our customers that Sade served them with patent infringement complaints, and we have assumed the defense of these claims. We have conducted due diligence on the patents and claims and believe that we will prevail in the actions. Additionally, we anticipate the commencement of an Inter Partes Review before the United States Patent and Trademark Office seeking to invalidate such claims. Given the early stage of the litigation, at this time we are not in a position to assess the likelihood of any potential loss or adverse effect on our financial condition or to estimate the amount or range of possible loss, if any, from these actions. We are party to other legal matters and claims in the normal course of our operations. While we believe the ultimate outcome of these matters and claims will not have a material adverse effect on our financial position, results of operations, or cash flows, the outcome of such matters and claims is not determinable with certainty, and negative outcomes may adversely affect us. There have been no material changes to these matters since our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2022 was filed with the SEC on February 28, 2023.

12. Revenue from Contracts with

12. Revenue from Contracts with Customers	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2023
Revenue from Contract with Customer [Abstract]
Revenue from Contracts with Customers [Text Block]	12. Revenue from Contracts with Customers The following table presents the disaggregation of revenue from contracts with customers for the three months ended March 31, 2023 and 2022 along with the reportable segment for each category (in thousands): Three Months Ended Category Segment 2023 2022 Solar modules Modules $ 536,590 $ 354,881 Solar power systems Other 11,261 1,969 O&M services Other 452 3,897 Energy generation Other (17) 6,293 Net sales $ 548,286 $ 367,040 We recognize revenue for module sales at a point in time following the transfer of control of the modules to the customer, which typically occurs upon shipment or delivery depending on the terms of the underlying contracts. Such contracts may contain provisions that require us to make liquidated damage payments to the customer if we fail to ship or deliver modules by scheduled dates. We recognize these liquidated damages as a reduction of revenue in the period we transfer control of the modules to the customer. We recognize revenue for sales of development projects or completed systems when we enter into the associated sales contract. For certain prior project sales, such revenue included estimated amounts of variable consideration. These estimates may require significant judgment to determine the most likely amount of net contract revenues. The cumulative effect of revisions to estimates is recorded in the period in which the revisions are identified and the amounts can be reasonably estimated. During the three months ended March 31, 2023, revenue increased $5.4 million due to net changes in transaction prices for four projects, which represented 23.8% of the aggregate revenue for such projects. The following table reflects the changes in our contract assets, which we classify as “Accounts receivable unbilled, net” and our contract liabilities, which we classify as “Deferred revenue,” for the three months ended March 31, 2023 (in thousands): March 31, December 31, Three Month Change Accounts receivable unbilled, net (1) $ 36,005 $ 42,152 $ (6,147) (15) % Deferred revenue $ 1,348,381 $ 1,207,940 $ 140,441 12 % —————————— (1) Includes $10.1 million and $11.5 million of noncurrent accounts receivable unbilled, net classified as “Other assets” on our condensed consolidated balance sheets as of March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022, respectively. During the three months ended March 31, 2023, our contract assets decreased by $6.1 million primarily due to billings for a certain prior project sale, offset by unbilled receivables associated with variable consideration recognized for the sale of certain development projects in a prior period. During the three months ended March 31, 2023, our contract liabilities increased by $140.4 million primarily due to advance payments received for sales of solar modules in the current period, partially offset by the recognition of revenue for sales of solar modules for which payment was received in prior years. During the three months ended March 31, 2023 and 2022, we recognized revenue of $90.4 million and $43.7 million, respectively, that was included in the corresponding contract liability balance at the beginning of the periods. As of March 31, 2023, we had entered into contracts with customers for the future sale of 69.4 GW DC of solar modules for an aggregate transaction price of $20.4 billion, which we expect to recognize as revenue through 2029 as we transfer control of the modules to the customers. Such aggregate transaction price excludes estimates of variable consideration associated with (i) future module technology improvements, including new product designs and enhancements to certain energy related attributes, (ii) the extension of the investment tax credit (“ITC”), (iii) sales freight in excess of a defined threshold, (iv) changes to certain commodity prices, and (v) the module wattage committed for delivery, among other things. As a result, the revenue recognized from such contracts may increase or decrease in future periods relative to the original transaction price. These contracts may also be subject to amendments made by us or requested by our customers and approved by us. These amendments may increase or decrease the volume of modules to be sold under the contract, change delivery schedules, or otherwise adjust the expected revenue under these contracts.

13. Share-Based Compensation

13. Share-Based Compensation	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2023
Share-Based Payment Arrangement, Recognized Amount [Abstract]
Share-Based Compensation	13. Share-Based Compensation The following table presents share-based compensation expense recognized in our condensed consolidated statements of operations for the three months ended March 31, 2023 and 2022 (in thousands): Three Months Ended 2023 2022 Cost of sales $ 926 $ 498 Selling, general and administrative 4,782 2,574 Research and development 877 431 Production start-up 15 — Total share-based compensation expense $ 6,600 $ 3,503 As of March 31, 2023, we had $53.8 million of unrecognized share-based compensation expense related to unvested restricted stock and performance units, which we expect to recognize over a weighted-average period of approximately 1.8 years. In March 2020, the compensation committee of our board of directors approved grants of performance units for key executive officers to be earned over a multi-year performance period, which ended in December 2022. Vesting of the 2020 grants of performance units was contingent upon the relative attainment of target contracted revenue, module wattage, and return on capital metrics. In March 2023, the compensation committee certified the achievement of the vesting conditions applicable to the grants, which approximated the target level of performance. Accordingly, each participant received one share of common stock for each vested performance unit granted, net of any tax withholdings. In May 2021, the compensation committee approved additional grants of performance units for key executive officers. Such grants are expected to be earned over a multi-year performance period ending in December 2023. Vesting of the 2021 grants of performance units is contingent upon the relative attainment of target contracted revenue, cost per watt, incremental average selling price, and operating income metrics. In March 2022, the compensation committee approved additional grants of performance units for key executive officers. Such grants are expected to be earned over a multi-year performance period ending in December 2024. Vesting of the 2022 grants of performance units is contingent upon the relative attainment of target contracted revenue, cost per watt, and return on capital metrics. In March 2023, the compensation committee approved additional grants of performance units for key executive officers. Such grants are expected to be earned over a multi-year performance period ending in December 2025. Vesting of the 2023 grants of performance units is contingent upon the relative attainment of target contracted revenue, production, and operating margin metrics. Vesting of performance units is also contingent upon the employment of program participants through the applicable vesting dates, with limited exceptions in case of death, disability, a qualifying retirement, or a change-in-control of First Solar. Outstanding performance units are included in the computation of diluted net income per share based on the number of shares that would be issuable if the end of the reporting period were the end of the contingency period.

14. Income Taxes

14. Income Taxes	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2023
Income Tax Disclosure [Abstract]
Income Taxes	14. Income Taxes In August 2022, the U.S. President signed into law the IRA, which revised U.S. tax law by, among other things, including a new corporate alternative minimum tax of 15% on certain large corporations, imposing a 1% excise tax on stock buybacks, and providing various incentives to address climate change, including the introduction of the advanced manufacturing production credit. The provisions of the IRA are generally effective for tax years beginning after 2022. Given the complexities of the IRA, which is pending technical guidance and regulations from the Internal Revenue Service (“IRS”) and U.S. Treasury Department, we will continue to monitor these developments and evaluate the potential future impact to our results of operations. In November 2022, the U.S. Treasury Department released proposed foreign tax credit (“FTC”) regulations addressing various aspects of the U.S. FTC regime. Among other items, these proposed regulations provide certain exceptions for determining creditable foreign withholding taxes. Taxpayers may rely on these proposed regulations, which apply to tax years beginning on or after December 28, 2021. As a result of these proposed regulations, foreign withholding taxes will continue to be creditable. Our effective tax rate was (19.3)% and 31.1% for the three months ended March 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively. The decrease in our effective tax rate was primarily driven by higher excess tax benefits associated with share-based compensation and the effect of the advanced manufacturing production credit described in Note 6. “Government Grants” to our condensed consolidated financial statements. Our provision for income taxes differed from the amount computed by applying the U.S. statutory federal income tax rate of 21% primarily due to excess tax benefits associated with share-based compensation and the effect of tax law changes associated with the IRA described above, partially offset by losses in certain jurisdictions for which no tax benefit could be recorded. Our Malaysian subsidiary has been granted a long-term tax holiday that expires in 2027. The tax holiday, which generally provides for a full exemption from Malaysian income tax, is conditional upon our continued compliance with certain employment and investment thresholds, which we are currently in compliance with and expect to continue to comply with through the expiration of the tax holiday in 2027. Our Vietnamese subsidiary had previously been granted a tax incentive that provided a two-year tax exemption, which began in 2020, and reduced annual tax rates through the end of 2025. In May 2022, our Vietnamese subsidiary was granted a new long-term tax incentive that provides an additional two-year tax exemption through 2023, followed by reduced annual tax rates of 5% through 2032 and 10% through 2036. Such long-term tax incentive is conditional upon our continued compliance with certain revenue and research and development (“R&D”) spending thresholds, which we are currently in compliance with and expect to continue to comply with through the expiration of the tax holiday. We are subject to audit by federal, state, local, and foreign tax authorities. We are currently under examination in India, Chile, Singapore, and the state of California. We believe that adequate provisions have been made for any adjustments that may result from tax examinations. However, the outcome of tax examinations cannot be predicted with certainty. If any issues addressed by our tax examinations are not resolved in a manner consistent with our expectations, we could be required to adjust our provision for income taxes in the period such resolution occurs.

15. Net Income (Loss) Per Share

15. Net Income (Loss) Per Share	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2023
Earnings Per Share [Abstract]
Net Income (Loss) per Share	15. Net Income (Loss) per Share The calculation of basic and diluted net income (loss) per share for the three months ended March 31, 2023 and 2022 was as follows (in thousands, except per share amounts): Three Months Ended 2023 2022 Basic net income (loss) per share Numerator: Net income (loss) $ 42,561 $ (43,255) Denominator: Weighted-average common shares outstanding 106,675 106,412 Diluted net income (loss) per share Denominator: Weighted-average common shares outstanding 106,675 106,412 Effect of restricted stock and performance units 479 — Weighted-average shares used in computing diluted net income (loss) per share 107,154 106,412 Net income (loss) per share: Basic $ 0.40 $ (0.41) Diluted $ 0.40 $ (0.41) The following table summarizes the potential shares of common stock that were excluded from the computation of diluted net income (loss) per share for the three months ended March 31, 2023 and 2022 as such shares would have had an anti-dilutive effect (in thousands): Three Months Ended 2023 2022 Anti-dilutive shares 11 504

16. Accumulated Other Comprehen

16. Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2023
Other Comprehensive Income (Loss), Net of Tax [Abstract]
Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss	16. Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss The following table presents the changes in accumulated other comprehensive loss, net of tax, for the three months ended March 31, 2023 (in thousands): Foreign Currency Translation Adjustment Unrealized (Loss) Gain on Marketable Securities and Restricted Marketable Securities Unrealized (Loss) Gain on Derivative Instruments Total Balance as of December 31, 2022 $ (121,473) $ (64,780) $ (5,564) $ (191,817) Other comprehensive income before reclassifications 2,791 7,368 254 10,413 Amounts reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive loss (136) — 2,668 2,532 Net tax effect — (402) (708) (1,110) Net other comprehensive income 2,655 6,966 2,214 11,835 Balance as of March 31, 2023 $ (118,818) $ (57,814) $ (3,350) $ (179,982) The following table presents the pretax amounts reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive loss into our condensed consolidated statements of operations for the three months ended March 31, 2023 and 2022 (in thousands): Comprehensive Income Components Income Statement Line Item Three Months Ended 2023 2022 Foreign currency translation adjustment: Foreign currency translation adjustment Cost of sales $ 146 $ — Foreign currency translation adjustment Other expense, net (10) (5) Total foreign currency translation adjustment 136 (5) Unrealized (loss) gain on derivative contracts: Foreign exchange forward contracts Cost of sales — 560 Commodity swap contracts Cost of sales (2,668) — Total unrealized (loss) gain on derivative contracts (2,668) 560 Total (loss) gain reclassified $ (2,532) $ 555

17. Segment Reporting

17. Segment Reporting	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2023
Segment Reporting Information, Profit (Loss) [Abstract]
Segment Reporting	17. Segment Reporting Our primary segment is our modules business, which involves the design, manufacture, and sale of cadmium telluride (“CdTe”) solar modules, which convert sunlight into electricity. Third-party customers of our modules segment include developers and operators of systems, utilities, independent power producers, commercial and industrial companies, and other system owners. Our residual business operations include certain project development activities, O&M services, the results of operations from PV solar power systems we owned and operated in certain international regions, and the sale of such systems to third-party customers. See Note 19. “Segment and Geographical Information” in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2022 for additional discussion of our segment reporting. The following tables provide a reconciliation of certain financial information for our reportable segment to information presented in our condensed consolidated financial statements for the three months ended March 31, 2023 and 2022 and as of March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022 (in thousands): Three Months Ended March 31, 2023 Three Months Ended March 31, 2022 Modules Other Total Modules Other Total Net sales $ 536,590 $ 11,696 $ 548,286 $ 354,881 $ 12,159 $ 367,040 Gross profit 106,894 5,157 112,051 11,189 274 11,463 Depreciation and amortization expense 61,583 2 61,585 56,199 2,846 59,045 March 31, 2023 December 31, 2022 Modules Other Total Modules Other Total Goodwill $ 14,462 $ — $ 14,462 $ 14,462 $ — $ 14,462

3. Cash, Cash Equivalents and M

3. Cash, Cash Equivalents and Marketable Securities (Tables)	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2023
Cash, Cash Equivalents, and Short-Term Investments [Abstract]
Schedule of Cash, Cash Equivalents, and Marketable Securities	Cash, cash equivalents, and marketable securities consisted of the following at March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022 (in thousands): March 31, December 31, Cash and cash equivalents: Cash $ 899,537 $ 1,476,945 Money market funds 7,097 4,324 Total cash and cash equivalents 906,634 1,481,269 Marketable securities: Foreign debt 56,499 59,777 U.S. debt 56,731 56,463 U.S. Treasury securities 520,516 — Time deposits 730,861 980,472 Total marketable securities 1,364,607 1,096,712 Total cash, cash equivalents, and marketable securities $ 2,271,241 $ 2,577,981
Reconciliation of Cash, Cash Equivalents, and Restricted Cash	The following table provides a reconciliation of cash, cash equivalents, restricted cash, and restricted cash equivalents reported within our condensed consolidated balance sheets as of March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022 to the total of such amounts as presented in the condensed consolidated statements of cash flows (in thousands): Balance Sheet Line Item March 31, December 31, Cash and cash equivalents Cash and cash equivalents $ 906,634 $ 1,481,269 Restricted cash – current Other current assets 12,256 3,175 Restricted cash – noncurrent Other assets 1,349 2,734 Restricted cash equivalents - noncurrent Other assets 2,579 6,284 Total cash, cash equivalents, restricted cash, and restricted cash equivalents $ 922,818 $ 1,493,462
Available-for-sale Marketable Securities	The following tables summarize the unrealized gains and losses related to our available-for-sale marketable securities, by major security type, as of March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022 (in thousands): As of March 31, 2023 Amortized Unrealized Unrealized Allowance for Credit Losses Fair Foreign debt $ 56,952 $ — $ 430 $ 23 $ 56,499 U.S. debt 58,376 — 1,623 22 56,731 U.S. Treasury securities 520,705 — 189 — 520,516 Time deposits 731,114 — — 253 730,861 Total $ 1,367,147 $ — $ 2,242 $ 298 $ 1,364,607 As of December 31, 2022 Amortized Unrealized Unrealized Allowance for Credit Losses Fair Foreign debt $ 59,940 $ — $ 140 $ 23 $ 59,777 U.S. debt 58,308 — 1,823 22 56,463 Time deposits 980,810 — — 338 980,472 Total $ 1,099,058 $ — $ 1,963 $ 383 $ 1,096,712
Debt Securities, Available-for-sale, Allowance for Credit Loss	The following table presents the change in the allowance for credit losses related to our available-for-sale marketable securities for the three months ended March 31, 2023 and 2022 (in thousands): Three Months Ended 2023 2022 Allowance for credit losses, beginning of period $ 383 $ 97 Provision for credit losses, net 253 49 Sales and maturities of marketable securities (338) (86) Allowance for credit losses, end of period $ 298 $ 60
Available-for-sale Marketable Securities by Maturity	The contractual maturities of our marketable securities as of March 31, 2023 were as follows (in thousands): Fair One year or less $ 1,259,325 One year to two years 69,886 Two years to three years 31,399 Three years to four years — Four years to five years — More than five years 3,997 Total $ 1,364,607

4. Restricted Marketable Secu_2

4. Restricted Marketable Securities (Tables)	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2023
Debt Securities, Available-for-Sale, Restricted [Abstract]
Schedule of Restricted Marketable Securities	Restricted marketable securities consisted of the following as of March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022 (in thousands): March 31, December 31, Foreign government obligations $ 48,539 $ 46,886 Supranational debt 15,614 8,661 U.S. debt 114,283 109,328 U.S. government obligations 18,155 17,195 Total restricted marketable securities $ 196,591 $ 182,070
Restricted Available-for-sale Marketable Securities	The following tables summarize the unrealized gains and losses related to our restricted marketable securities, by major security type, as of March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022 (in thousands): As of March 31, 2023 Amortized Unrealized Unrealized Allowance for Credit Losses Fair Foreign government obligations $ 64,647 $ — $ 16,098 $ 10 $ 48,539 Supranational debt 17,851 — 2,237 — 15,614 U.S. debt 147,842 — 33,531 28 114,283 U.S. government obligations 24,529 — 6,369 5 18,155 Total $ 254,869 $ — $ 58,235 $ 43 $ 196,591 As of December 31, 2022 Amortized Unrealized Unrealized Allowance for Credit Losses Fair Foreign government obligations $ 64,008 $ — $ 17,112 $ 10 $ 46,886 Supranational debt 11,146 — 2,485 — 8,661 U.S. debt 148,288 — 38,932 28 109,328 U.S. government obligations 24,551 — 7,352 4 17,195 Total $ 247,993 $ — $ 65,881 $ 42 $ 182,070
Restricted Debt Securities, Available-for-sale, Allowance for Credit Loss	The following table presents the change in the allowance for credit losses related to our restricted marketable securities for the three months ended March 31, 2023 and 2022 (in thousands): Three Months Ended 2023 2022 Allowance for credit losses, beginning of period $ 42 $ 53 Provision for credit losses, net 1 (3) Allowance for credit losses, end of period $ 43 $ 50

5. Consolidated Balance Sheet_2

5. Consolidated Balance Sheet Details (Tables)	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2023
Balance Sheet Related Disclosures [Abstract]
Schedule of Accounts Receivable Trade, Net	Accounts receivable trade, net consisted of the following at March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022 (in thousands): March 31, December 31, Accounts receivable trade, gross $ 299,628 $ 325,379 Allowance for credit losses (1,008) (1,042) Accounts receivable trade, net $ 298,620 $ 324,337
Schedule of Allowance for Credit Losses	The following table presents the change in the allowance for credit losses related to our trade accounts receivable for the three months ended March 31, 2023 and 2022 (in thousands): Three Months Ended 2023 2022 Allowance for credit losses, beginning of period $ 1,042 $ 664 Provision for credit losses, net (34) (185) Allowance for credit losses, end of period $ 1,008 $ 479
Schedule of Inventories, Current and Noncurrent	Inventories consisted of the following at March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022 (in thousands): March 31, December 31, Raw materials $ 403,225 $ 397,912 Work in process 75,731 66,641 Finished goods 525,804 417,218 Inventories $ 1,004,760 $ 881,771 Inventories – current $ 751,407 $ 621,376 Inventories – noncurrent $ 253,353 $ 260,395
Schedule of Other Current Assets	Other current assets consisted of the following at March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022 (in thousands): March 31, December 31, Spare maintenance materials and parts $ 120,542 $ 114,428 Operating supplies 59,697 47,492 Prepaid expenses 45,470 43,262 Prepaid income taxes 12,325 8,314 Restricted cash 12,256 3,175 Derivative instruments (1) 2,690 2,018 Other 19,722 18,384 Other current assets $ 272,702 $ 237,073 —————————— (1) See Note 7. “Derivative Financial Instruments” to our condensed consolidated financial statements for discussion of our derivative instruments.
Schedule of Property, Plant and Equipment, Net	Property, plant and equipment, net consisted of the following at March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022 (in thousands): March 31, December 31, Land $ 35,305 $ 35,259 Buildings and improvements 1,009,652 893,049 Machinery and equipment 2,803,499 2,762,801 Office equipment and furniture 155,321 146,467 Leasehold improvements 40,077 40,160 Construction in progress 1,343,541 1,121,938 Property, plant and equipment, gross 5,387,395 4,999,674 Accumulated depreciation (1,528,791) (1,462,772) Property, plant and equipment, net $ 3,858,604 $ 3,536,902
Schedule of Goodwill	Goodwill for the relevant reporting unit consisted of the following at March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022 (in thousands): December 31, Acquisitions (Impairments) March 31, Modules $ 407,827 $ — $ 407,827 Accumulated impairment losses (393,365) — (393,365) Goodwill $ 14,462 $ — $ 14,462
Schedule of Intangible Assets, Net	Intangible assets, net consisted of the following at March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022 (in thousands): March 31, 2023 Gross Amount Accumulated Amortization Net Amount Developed technology $ 97,347 $ (71,150) $ 26,197 Patents 8,970 (6,690) 2,280 Intangible assets, net $ 106,317 $ (77,840) $ 28,477 December 31, 2022 Gross Amount Accumulated Amortization Net Amount Developed technology $ 97,347 $ (68,650) $ 28,697 Patents 8,970 (6,561) 2,409 Intangible assets, net $ 106,317 $ (75,211) $ 31,106
Schedule of Other Assets	Other assets consisted of the following at March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022 (in thousands): March 31, December 31, Advance payments for raw materials $ 137,860 $ 91,260 Operating lease assets (1) 91,282 93,185 Income tax receivables 56,993 56,993 Project assets 30,397 30,108 Accounts receivable unbilled, net 10,111 11,498 Restricted cash equivalents 2,579 6,284 Restricted cash 1,349 2,734 Accounts receivable trade, net — 1,500 Other 56,149 62,630 Other assets $ 386,720 $ 356,192 —————————— (1) See Note 8. “Leases” to our condensed consolidated financial statements for discussion of our lease arrangements.
Schedule of Accrued Expenses	Accrued expenses consisted of the following at March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022 (in thousands): March 31, December 31, Accrued property, plant and equipment $ 193,399 $ 148,777 Accrued freight 69,090 77,136 Accrued inventory 54,463 44,679 Accrued compensation and benefits 17,339 47,939 Accrued other taxes 12,862 19,765 Product warranty liability (1) 10,236 10,660 Other 34,523 33,826 Accrued expenses $ 391,912 $ 382,782 —————————— (1) See Note 11. “Commitments and Contingencies” to our condensed consolidated financial statements for discussion of our “Product Warranties.”
Schedule of Other Current Liabilities	Other current liabilities consisted of the following at March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022 (in thousands): March 31, December 31, Operating lease liabilities (1) $ 9,363 $ 9,193 Derivative instruments (2) 6,797 6,668 Other taxes payable 1,180 1,185 Other 3,291 4,199 Other current liabilities $ 20,631 $ 21,245 —————————— (1) See Note 8. “Leases” to our condensed consolidated financial statements for discussion of our lease arrangements. (2) See Note 7. “Derivative Financial Instruments” to our condensed consolidated financial statements for discussion of our derivative instruments.
Schedule of Other Liabilities	Other liabilities consisted of the following at March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022 (in thousands): March 31, December 31, Operating lease liabilities (1) $ 38,473 $ 40,589 Deferred tax liabilities, net 32,500 28,929 Product warranty liability (2) 23,079 23,127 Other 27,320 27,292 Other liabilities $ 121,372 $ 119,937 —————————— (1) See Note 8. “Leases” to our condensed consolidated financial statements for discussion of our lease arrangements. (2) See Note 11. “Commitments and Contingencies” to our condensed consolidated financial statements for discussion of our “Product Warranties.”

6. Government Grants (Tables)

6. Government Grants (Tables)	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2023
Government Assistance [Abstract]
Schedule of Benefits Recognized From Government Grants	The following table presents the benefits recognized from income-based government grants in our condensed consolidated statements of operations for the three months ended March 31, 2023 and 2022 (in thousands): Three Months Ended Income Statement Line Item 2023 2022 Cost of sales $ 70,114 $ —

7. Derivative Financial Instr_2

7. Derivative Financial Instruments (Tables)	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2023
Derivative Instruments and Hedging Activities Disclosure [Abstract]
Schedule of Derivative Instruments in Statement of Financial Position, Fair Value [Table Text Block]	The following tables present the fair values of derivative instruments included in our condensed consolidated balance sheets as of March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022 (in thousands): March 31, 2023 Other Current Assets Other Current Liabilities Derivatives designated as hedging instruments: Commodity swap contracts $ — $ 2,323 Total derivatives designated as hedging instruments $ — $ 2,323 Derivatives not designated as hedging instruments: Foreign exchange forward contracts $ 2,690 $ 4,474 Total derivatives not designated as hedging instruments $ 2,690 $ 4,474 Total derivative instruments $ 2,690 $ 6,797 December 31, 2022 Other Current Assets Other Assets Other Current Liabilities Other Liabilities Derivatives designated as hedging instruments: Commodity swap contracts $ — $ 17 $ 4,447 $ 144 Total derivatives designated as hedging instruments $ — $ 17 $ 4,447 $ 144 Derivatives not designated as hedging instruments: Foreign exchange forward contracts $ 2,018 $ — $ 2,221 $ — Total derivatives not designated as hedging instruments $ 2,018 $ — $ 2,221 $ — Total derivative instruments $ 2,018 $ 17 $ 6,668 $ 144
Schedule of Derivative Instruments, Effect on Other Comprehensive Income (Loss) [Table Text Block]	The following table presents the pretax amounts related to derivative instruments designated as cash flow hedges affecting accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) and our condensed consolidated statements of operations for the three months ended March 31, 2023 and 2022 (in thousands): Foreign Exchange Forward Contracts Commodity Swap Contracts Total Balance as of December 31, 2022 $ — $ (7,242) $ (7,242) Amounts recognized in other comprehensive income (loss) — 254 254 Amounts reclassified to earnings impacting: Cost of sales — 2,668 2,668 Balance as of March 31, 2023 $ — $ (4,320) $ (4,320) Balance as of December 31, 2021 $ 1,126 $ — $ 1,126 Amounts recognized in other comprehensive income (loss) 426 (402) 24 Amounts reclassified to earnings impacting: Cost of sales (560) — (560) Balance as of March 31, 2022 $ 992 $ (402) $ 590
Schedule of Net Investment Hedges in Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss) [Table Text Block]	The following table presents the pretax amounts related to derivative instruments designated as net investment hedges affecting accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) and our condensed consolidated statements of operations for the three months ended March 31, 2023 (in thousands): Foreign Exchange Forward Contracts Balance as of December 31, 2022 $ (667) Amounts recognized in other comprehensive income (loss) — Balance as of March 31, 2023 $ (667)
Schedule of Derivative Instruments, Gain (Loss) [Table Text Block]	The following table presents gains and losses related to derivative instruments not designated as hedges affecting our condensed consolidated statements of operations for the three months ended March 31, 2023 and 2022 (in thousands): Amount of Gain (Loss) Recognized in Income Three Months Ended Income Statement Line Item 2023 2022 Foreign exchange forward contracts Cost of sales $ — $ 78 Foreign exchange forward contracts Foreign currency loss, net (4,683) 18,981
Schedule of Notional Value of Foreign Exchange Forward Derivatives [Table Text Block]	As of March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022, the notional values of our foreign exchange forward contracts that do not qualify for hedge accounting were as follows (notional amounts and U.S. dollar equivalents in millions): March 31, 2023 Transaction Currency Notional Amount USD Equivalent Sell Canadian dollar CAD 4.2 $3.1 Sell Chilean peso CLP 1,979.6 $2.5 Purchase Euro €96.4 $104.5 Sell Euro €28.8 $31.2 Purchase Indian rupee INR 12,009.8 $146.0 Sell Indian rupee INR 26,911.9 $327.1 Purchase Japanese yen ¥2,151.6 $16.3 Sell Japanese yen ¥1,971.1 $14.9 Purchase Malaysian ringgit MYR 113.3 $25.7 Sell Malaysian ringgit MYR 35.0 $7.9 Sell Mexican peso MXN 34.6 $1.9 Purchase Singapore dollar SGD 21.4 $16.1 December 31, 2022 Transaction Currency Notional Amount USD Equivalent Sell Canadian dollar CAD 4.2 $3.1 Sell Chilean peso CLP 5,996.5 $7.0 Purchase Euro €160.2 $170.5 Sell Euro €38.4 $40.9 Sell Indian rupee INR 27,119.5 $327.4 Purchase Japanese yen ¥2,982.7 $22.4 Sell Japanese yen ¥8,950.3 $67.1 Purchase Malaysian ringgit MYR 99.8 $22.6 Sell Malaysian ringgit MYR 13.7 $3.1 Sell Mexican peso MXN 34.6 $1.8 Purchase Singapore dollar SGD 1.4 $1.0

8. Leases (Tables)

8. Leases (Tables)	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2023
Leases [Abstract]
Schedule of operating lease cost and related information	The following table presents certain quantitative information related to our lease arrangements for the three months ended March 31, 2023 and 2022, and as of March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022 (in thousands): Three Months Ended 2023 2022 Operating lease cost $ 2,937 $ 4,377 Variable lease cost 895 599 Short-term lease cost 70 31 Total lease cost $ 3,902 $ 5,007 Payments of amounts included in the measurement of operating lease liabilities $ 2,753 $ 4,136 Lease assets obtained in exchange for operating lease liabilities $ 251 $ 534 March 31, December 31, Operating lease assets $ 91,282 $ 93,185 Operating lease liabilities – current 9,363 9,193 Operating lease liabilities – noncurrent 38,473 40,589 Weighted-average remaining lease term 5 years 6 years Weighted-average discount rate 5.1 % 5.1 %
Operating lease liability maturity	As of March 31, 2023, the future payments associated with our lease liabilities were as follows (in thousands): Total Lease Liabilities Remainder of 2023 $ 8,558 2024 10,999 2025 9,899 2026 8,367 2027 5,777 2028 5,900 Thereafter 5,490 Total future payments 54,990 Less: interest (7,154) Total lease liabilities $ 47,836

9. Fair Value Measurements (Tab

9. Fair Value Measurements (Tables)	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2023
Fair Value Disclosures [Abstract]
Fair value of assets and liabilities measured on a recurring basis	At March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022, the fair value measurements of our assets and liabilities measured on a recurring basis were as follows (in thousands): Fair Value Measurements at Reporting March 31, Quoted Prices Significant Significant Unobservable Inputs (Level 3) Assets: Cash equivalents: Money market funds $ 7,097 $ 7,097 $ — $ — Restricted cash equivalents: Money market funds 2,579 2,579 — — Marketable securities: Foreign debt 56,499 — 56,499 — U.S. debt 56,731 — 56,731 — U.S. Treasury securities 520,516 520,516 — — Time deposits 730,861 730,861 — — Restricted marketable securities 196,591 — 196,591 — Derivative assets 2,690 — 2,690 — Total assets $ 1,573,564 $ 1,261,053 $ 312,511 $ — Liabilities: Derivative liabilities $ 6,797 $ — $ 6,797 $ — Fair Value Measurements at Reporting December 31, Quoted Prices Significant Significant Unobservable Inputs (Level 3) Assets: Cash equivalents: Money market funds $ 4,324 $ 4,324 $ — $ — Restricted cash equivalents: Money market funds 6,284 6,284 — — Marketable securities: Foreign debt 59,777 — 59,777 — U.S. debt 56,463 — 56,463 — Time deposits 980,472 980,472 — — Restricted marketable securities 182,070 — 182,070 — Derivative assets 2,035 — 2,035 — Total assets $ 1,291,425 $ 991,080 $ 300,345 $ — Liabilities: Derivative liabilities $ 6,812 $ — $ 6,812 $ —
Carrying value and fair value of financial instruments not measured at fair value	At March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022, the carrying values and fair values of our financial instruments not measured at fair value were as follows (in thousands): March 31, 2023 December 31, 2022 Carrying Fair Carrying Fair Assets: Government grants receivable - noncurrent $ 70,114 $ 69,243 $ — $ — Accounts receivable unbilled, net - noncurrent 10,111 9,178 11,498 10,304 Accounts receivable trade, net - noncurrent — — 1,500 1,339 Liabilities: Long-term debt (1) $ 321,000 $ 283,996 $ 185,000 $ 160,986 —————————— (1) Excludes unamortized issuance costs.

10. Debt (Tables)

10. Debt (Tables)	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2023
Debt Instruments [Abstract]
Schedule of Long-term Debt Instruments	Our long-term debt consisted of the following at March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022 (in thousands): Balance (USD) Loan Agreement Currency March 31, December 31, India Credit Facility USD $ 321,000 $ 185,000 Less: unamortized issuance costs (622) (651) Total long-term debt $ 320,378 $ 184,349
Schedule of Borrowing Rate on Debt	As of March 31, 2023, our long-term debt borrowing rates were as follows: Loan Agreement Interest Rate Effective Interest Rate India Credit Facility U.S. Treasury Constant Maturity Yield plus 1.75% 5.36%
Schedule of Maturities of Long-term Debt	At March 31, 2023, the future principal payments on our long-term debt were due as follows (in thousands): Total Debt Remainder of 2023 $ — 2024 22,759 2025 58,358 2026 58,358 2027 58,390 2028 58,422 Thereafter 64,713 Total long-term debt future principal payments $ 321,000

11. Commitments and Contingen_2

11. Commitments and Contingencies (Tables)	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2023
Commitments and Contingencies Disclosure [Abstract]
Schedule of Line of Credit Facilities	As of March 31, 2023, the issued and outstanding amounts and available capacities under these commitments were as follows (in millions): Issued and Outstanding Available Capacity Bilateral facilities (1) $ 119.3 $ 126.1 Surety bonds 8.7 233.1 —————————— (1) Of the total letters of credit issued under the bilateral facilities, $13.0 million was secured with cash.
Schedule of Product Warranty Liability	Product warranty activities during the three months ended March 31, 2023 and 2022 were as follows (in thousands): Three Months Ended 2023 2022 Product warranty liability, beginning of period $ 33,787 $ 52,553 Accruals for new warranties issued 994 848 Settlements (1,326) (6,002) Changes in estimate of product warranty liability (140) (383) Product warranty liability, end of period $ 33,315 $ 47,016 Current portion of warranty liability $ 10,236 $ 11,809 Noncurrent portion of warranty liability $ 23,079 $ 35,207

12. Revenue from Contracts wi_2

12. Revenue from Contracts with Customers (Tables)	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2023
Revenue from Contract with Customer [Abstract]
Disaggregation of Revenue, by Type of Revenue [Table Text Block]	The following table presents the disaggregation of revenue from contracts with customers for the three months ended March 31, 2023 and 2022 along with the reportable segment for each category (in thousands): Three Months Ended Category Segment 2023 2022 Solar modules Modules $ 536,590 $ 354,881 Solar power systems Other 11,261 1,969 O&M services Other 452 3,897 Energy generation Other (17) 6,293 Net sales $ 548,286 $ 367,040
Changes in Contract Assets and Liabilities [Table Text Block]	The following table reflects the changes in our contract assets, which we classify as “Accounts receivable unbilled, net” and our contract liabilities, which we classify as “Deferred revenue,” for the three months ended March 31, 2023 (in thousands): March 31, December 31, Three Month Change Accounts receivable unbilled, net (1) $ 36,005 $ 42,152 $ (6,147) (15) % Deferred revenue $ 1,348,381 $ 1,207,940 $ 140,441 12 % —————————— (1) Includes $10.1 million and $11.5 million of noncurrent accounts receivable unbilled, net classified as “Other assets” on our condensed consolidated balance sheets as of March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022, respectively.

13. Share-Based Compensation (T

13. Share-Based Compensation (Tables)	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2023
Share-Based Payment Arrangement, Recognized Amount [Abstract]
Schedule of Share-Based Compensation Expense Recognized in the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations	The following table presents share-based compensation expense recognized in our condensed consolidated statements of operations for the three months ended March 31, 2023 and 2022 (in thousands): Three Months Ended 2023 2022 Cost of sales $ 926 $ 498 Selling, general and administrative 4,782 2,574 Research and development 877 431 Production start-up 15 — Total share-based compensation expense $ 6,600 $ 3,503

15. Net Income (Loss) Per Sha_2

15. Net Income (Loss) Per Share (Tables)	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2023
Earnings Per Share [Abstract]
Schedule of Net Income (Loss) Per Share, Basic and Diluted	The calculation of basic and diluted net income (loss) per share for the three months ended March 31, 2023 and 2022 was as follows (in thousands, except per share amounts): Three Months Ended 2023 2022 Basic net income (loss) per share Numerator: Net income (loss) $ 42,561 $ (43,255) Denominator: Weighted-average common shares outstanding 106,675 106,412 Diluted net income (loss) per share Denominator: Weighted-average common shares outstanding 106,675 106,412 Effect of restricted stock and performance units 479 — Weighted-average shares used in computing diluted net income (loss) per share 107,154 106,412 Net income (loss) per share: Basic $ 0.40 $ (0.41) Diluted $ 0.40 $ (0.41)
Schedule of Antidilutive Securities Excluded from Computation of Net Income (Loss) Per Share	The following table summarizes the potential shares of common stock that were excluded from the computation of diluted net income (loss) per share for the three months ended March 31, 2023 and 2022 as such shares would have had an anti-dilutive effect (in thousands): Three Months Ended 2023 2022 Anti-dilutive shares 11 504

16. Accumulated Other Compreh_2

16. Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss (Tables)	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2023
Other Comprehensive Income (Loss), Net of Tax [Abstract]
Schedule of Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss, net of tax	The following table presents the changes in accumulated other comprehensive loss, net of tax, for the three months ended March 31, 2023 (in thousands): Foreign Currency Translation Adjustment Unrealized (Loss) Gain on Marketable Securities and Restricted Marketable Securities Unrealized (Loss) Gain on Derivative Instruments Total Balance as of December 31, 2022 $ (121,473) $ (64,780) $ (5,564) $ (191,817) Other comprehensive income before reclassifications 2,791 7,368 254 10,413 Amounts reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive loss (136) — 2,668 2,532 Net tax effect — (402) (708) (1,110) Net other comprehensive income 2,655 6,966 2,214 11,835 Balance as of March 31, 2023 $ (118,818) $ (57,814) $ (3,350) $ (179,982)
Reclassification out of Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss	The following table presents the pretax amounts reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive loss into our condensed consolidated statements of operations for the three months ended March 31, 2023 and 2022 (in thousands): Comprehensive Income Components Income Statement Line Item Three Months Ended 2023 2022 Foreign currency translation adjustment: Foreign currency translation adjustment Cost of sales $ 146 $ — Foreign currency translation adjustment Other expense, net (10) (5) Total foreign currency translation adjustment 136 (5) Unrealized (loss) gain on derivative contracts: Foreign exchange forward contracts Cost of sales — 560 Commodity swap contracts Cost of sales (2,668) — Total unrealized (loss) gain on derivative contracts (2,668) 560 Total (loss) gain reclassified $ (2,532) $ 555

17. Segment Reporting (Tables)

17. Segment Reporting (Tables)	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2023
Segment Reporting Information, Profit (Loss) [Abstract]
Schedule of Segment Reporting Information, by Segment	The following tables provide a reconciliation of certain financial information for our reportable segment to information presented in our condensed consolidated financial statements for the three months ended March 31, 2023 and 2022 and as of March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022 (in thousands): Three Months Ended March 31, 2023 Three Months Ended March 31, 2022 Modules Other Total Modules Other Total Net sales $ 536,590 $ 11,696 $ 548,286 $ 354,881 $ 12,159 $ 367,040 Gross profit 106,894 5,157 112,051 11,189 274 11,463 Depreciation and amortization expense 61,583 2 61,585 56,199 2,846 59,045 March 31, 2023 December 31, 2022 Modules Other Total Modules Other Total Goodwill $ 14,462 $ — $ 14,462 $ 14,462 $ — $ 14,462

2. Sales of Businesses (Details

2. Sales of Businesses (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2023	Mar. 31, 2022
Income Statement, Balance Sheet and Additional Disclosures by Disposal Groups, Including Discontinued Operations [Line Items]
Gain on sales of businesses, net	$ (17)	$ 1,907
Chilean O&M Operations
Income Statement, Balance Sheet and Additional Disclosures by Disposal Groups, Including Discontinued Operations [Line Items]
Proceeds from sales of businesses		1,900
Gain on sales of businesses, net		$ 1,900

3. Cash, Cash Equivalents, an_2

3. Cash, Cash Equivalents, and Marketable Securities (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Mar. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022	Mar. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021
Cash, Cash Equivalents, and Marketable Securities [Line Items]
Cash and cash equivalents	$ 906,634	$ 1,481,269
Marketable securities	1,364,607	1,096,712
Total cash, cash equivalents, and marketable securities	2,271,241	2,577,981
Restricted cash - current	12,256	3,175
Restricted cash - noncurrent	1,349	2,734
Restricted cash equivalents - noncurrent	2,579	6,284
Total cash, cash equivalents, restricted cash, and restricted cash equivalents	922,818	1,493,462	$ 1,334,980	$ 1,455,837
Foreign debt [Member]
Cash, Cash Equivalents, and Marketable Securities [Line Items]
Marketable securities	56,499	59,777
U.S. debt [Member]
Cash, Cash Equivalents, and Marketable Securities [Line Items]
Marketable securities	56,731	56,463
US Treasury securities [Member]
Cash, Cash Equivalents, and Marketable Securities [Line Items]
Marketable securities	520,516	0
Time deposits [Member]
Cash, Cash Equivalents, and Marketable Securities [Line Items]
Marketable securities	730,861	980,472
Cash [Member]
Cash, Cash Equivalents, and Marketable Securities [Line Items]
Cash and cash equivalents	899,537	1,476,945
Money market funds [Member]
Cash, Cash Equivalents, and Marketable Securities [Line Items]
Cash and cash equivalents	$ 7,097	$ 4,324

3. Cash, Cash Equivalents, an_3

3. Cash, Cash Equivalents, and Marketable Securities (Details) - Available For Sale - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2023	Mar. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2022
Debt Securities, Available-for-sale [Line Items]
Debt Securities, Available-for-sale, Amortized Cost	$ 1,367,147		$ 1,099,058
Debt Securities, Available-for-sale, Accumulated Gross Unrealized Gain, before Tax	0		0
Debt Securities, Available-for-sale, Accumulated Gross Unrealized Loss, before Tax	2,242		1,963
Debt Securities, Available-for-Sale, Allowance for Credit Loss	298	$ 60	383
Marketable securities	1,364,607		1,096,712
Debt Securities, Available-for-sale, Allowance for Credit Loss [Line Items]
Debt Securities, Available-for-sale, Allowance for Credit Losses, Beginning Balance	383	97
Debt Securities, Available-for-sale, Allowance for Credit Loss, Period Increase (Decrease)	253	49
Debt Securities, Available-for-sale, Allowance for Credit Loss, Securities Sold	(338)	(86)
Debt Securities, Available-for-sale, Allowance for Credit Losses, Ending Balance	298	$ 60
Debt Securities, Available-for-Sale, Maturity, Allocated and Single Maturity Date, Rolling Maturity, Fair Value [Abstract]
Debt Securities, Available-for-sale, Maturity, Rolling within One Year	1,259,325
Debt securities, Available-for-sale, Debt Maturities, Rolling Year One Through Two	69,886
Debt securities, Available-for-sale, Debt Maturities, Rolling Year Two Through Three	31,399
Debt Securities, Available-for-sale, Maturities, Rolling Year Three Through Four	0
Debt Securities, Available-for-sale, Maturities, Rolling Year Four Through Five	0
Debt Securities, Available-for-sale, Maturities, Rolling Year More Than Five	3,997
Foreign debt [Member]
Debt Securities, Available-for-sale [Line Items]
Debt Securities, Available-for-sale, Amortized Cost	56,952		59,940
Debt Securities, Available-for-sale, Accumulated Gross Unrealized Gain, before Tax	0		0
Debt Securities, Available-for-sale, Accumulated Gross Unrealized Loss, before Tax	430		140
Debt Securities, Available-for-Sale, Allowance for Credit Loss	23		23
Marketable securities	56,499		59,777
Debt Securities, Available-for-sale, Allowance for Credit Loss [Line Items]
Debt Securities, Available-for-sale, Allowance for Credit Losses, Beginning Balance	23
Debt Securities, Available-for-sale, Allowance for Credit Losses, Ending Balance	23
U.S. debt [Member]
Debt Securities, Available-for-sale [Line Items]
Debt Securities, Available-for-sale, Amortized Cost	58,376		58,308
Debt Securities, Available-for-sale, Accumulated Gross Unrealized Gain, before Tax	0		0
Debt Securities, Available-for-sale, Accumulated Gross Unrealized Loss, before Tax	1,623		1,823
Debt Securities, Available-for-Sale, Allowance for Credit Loss	22		22
Marketable securities	56,731		56,463
Debt Securities, Available-for-sale, Allowance for Credit Loss [Line Items]
Debt Securities, Available-for-sale, Allowance for Credit Losses, Beginning Balance	22
Debt Securities, Available-for-sale, Allowance for Credit Losses, Ending Balance	22
US Treasury securities [Member]
Debt Securities, Available-for-sale [Line Items]
Debt Securities, Available-for-sale, Amortized Cost	520,705
Debt Securities, Available-for-sale, Accumulated Gross Unrealized Gain, before Tax	0
Debt Securities, Available-for-sale, Accumulated Gross Unrealized Loss, before Tax	189
Debt Securities, Available-for-Sale, Allowance for Credit Loss	0
Marketable securities	520,516		0
Debt Securities, Available-for-sale, Allowance for Credit Loss [Line Items]
Debt Securities, Available-for-sale, Allowance for Credit Losses, Ending Balance	0
Time deposits [Member]
Debt Securities, Available-for-sale [Line Items]
Debt Securities, Available-for-sale, Amortized Cost	731,114		980,810
Debt Securities, Available-for-sale, Accumulated Gross Unrealized Gain, before Tax	0		0
Debt Securities, Available-for-sale, Accumulated Gross Unrealized Loss, before Tax	0		0
Debt Securities, Available-for-Sale, Allowance for Credit Loss	253		338
Marketable securities	730,861		$ 980,472
Debt Securities, Available-for-sale, Allowance for Credit Loss [Line Items]
Debt Securities, Available-for-sale, Allowance for Credit Losses, Beginning Balance	338
Debt Securities, Available-for-sale, Allowance for Credit Losses, Ending Balance	$ 253

4. Restricted Marketable Secu_3

4. Restricted Marketable Securities (Details) - Restricted Marketable Securities - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022
Debt Securities, Available-for-sale [Line Items]
Restricted marketable securities	$ 196,591	$ 182,070
Product minimum service life	25 years
Restricted Debt Securities [Member]
Debt Securities, Available-for-sale [Line Items]
Restricted marketable securities	$ 196,591	182,070
Cash Held In Trust [Member]
Debt Securities, Available-for-sale [Line Items]
Restricted cash and cash equivalents - noncurrent	2,600	6,700
Foreign government obligations [Member] | Restricted Debt Securities [Member]
Debt Securities, Available-for-sale [Line Items]
Restricted marketable securities	48,539	46,886
Supranational debt [Member] | Restricted Debt Securities [Member]
Debt Securities, Available-for-sale [Line Items]
Restricted marketable securities	15,614	8,661
U.S. debt [Member] | Restricted Debt Securities [Member]
Debt Securities, Available-for-sale [Line Items]
Restricted marketable securities	114,283	109,328
U.S. government obligations [Member] | Restricted Debt Securities [Member]
Debt Securities, Available-for-sale [Line Items]
Restricted marketable securities	$ 18,155	$ 17,195

4. Restricted Marketable Secu_4

4. Restricted Marketable Securities (Details) - Available for sale - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2023	Mar. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2022
Debt Securities, Available-for-sale [Line Items]
Debt Securities, Available-for-sale, Amortized Cost	$ 1,367,147		$ 1,099,058
Debt Securities, Available-for-sale, Accumulated Gross Unrealized Gain, before Tax	0		0
Debt Securities, Available-for-sale, Accumulated Gross Unrealized Loss, before Tax	2,242		1,963
Debt Securities, Available-for-Sale, Allowance for Credit Loss	298	$ 60	383
Restricted marketable securities	196,591		182,070
Restricted available for sale securities, allowance for credit losses [Line Items]
Debt Securities, Available-for-sale, Allowance for Credit Losses, Beginning Balance	383	97
Debt Securities, Available-for-sale, Allowance for Credit Loss, Period Increase (Decrease)	253	49
Debt Securities, Available-for-sale, Allowance for Credit Losses, Ending Balance	298	60
Restricted Debt Securities [Member]
Debt Securities, Available-for-sale [Line Items]
Debt Securities, Available-for-sale, Amortized Cost	254,869		247,993
Debt Securities, Available-for-sale, Accumulated Gross Unrealized Gain, before Tax	0		0
Debt Securities, Available-for-sale, Accumulated Gross Unrealized Loss, before Tax	58,235		65,881
Debt Securities, Available-for-Sale, Allowance for Credit Loss	43	50	42
Restricted marketable securities	196,591		182,070
Restricted available for sale securities, allowance for credit losses [Line Items]
Debt Securities, Available-for-sale, Allowance for Credit Losses, Beginning Balance	42	53
Debt Securities, Available-for-sale, Allowance for Credit Loss, Period Increase (Decrease)	1	(3)
Debt Securities, Available-for-sale, Allowance for Credit Losses, Ending Balance	$ 43	$ 50
Minimum [Member] | Restricted Debt Securities [Member]
Restricted available for sale securities, allowance for credit losses [Line Items]
Contractual maturities of Debt securities, Available-for-sale, range start (in years)	8 years
Maximum [Member] | Restricted Debt Securities [Member]
Restricted available for sale securities, allowance for credit losses [Line Items]
Contractual Maturities Of Debt securities, Available-for-sale, Range End (In Years)	16 years
Foreign government obligations [Member] | Restricted Debt Securities [Member]
Debt Securities, Available-for-sale [Line Items]
Debt Securities, Available-for-sale, Amortized Cost	$ 64,647		64,008
Debt Securities, Available-for-sale, Accumulated Gross Unrealized Gain, before Tax	0		0
Debt Securities, Available-for-sale, Accumulated Gross Unrealized Loss, before Tax	16,098		17,112
Debt Securities, Available-for-Sale, Allowance for Credit Loss	10		10
Restricted marketable securities	48,539		46,886
Restricted available for sale securities, allowance for credit losses [Line Items]
Debt Securities, Available-for-sale, Allowance for Credit Losses, Beginning Balance	10
Debt Securities, Available-for-sale, Allowance for Credit Losses, Ending Balance	10
Supranational debt [Member] | Restricted Debt Securities [Member]
Debt Securities, Available-for-sale [Line Items]
Debt Securities, Available-for-sale, Amortized Cost	17,851		11,146
Debt Securities, Available-for-sale, Accumulated Gross Unrealized Gain, before Tax	0		0
Debt Securities, Available-for-sale, Accumulated Gross Unrealized Loss, before Tax	2,237		2,485
Debt Securities, Available-for-Sale, Allowance for Credit Loss	0		0
Restricted marketable securities	15,614		8,661
Restricted available for sale securities, allowance for credit losses [Line Items]
Debt Securities, Available-for-sale, Allowance for Credit Losses, Beginning Balance	0
Debt Securities, Available-for-sale, Allowance for Credit Losses, Ending Balance	0
U.S. debt [Member]
Debt Securities, Available-for-sale [Line Items]
Debt Securities, Available-for-sale, Amortized Cost	58,376		58,308
Debt Securities, Available-for-sale, Accumulated Gross Unrealized Gain, before Tax	0		0
Debt Securities, Available-for-sale, Accumulated Gross Unrealized Loss, before Tax	1,623		1,823
Debt Securities, Available-for-Sale, Allowance for Credit Loss	22		22
Restricted available for sale securities, allowance for credit losses [Line Items]
Debt Securities, Available-for-sale, Allowance for Credit Losses, Beginning Balance	22
Debt Securities, Available-for-sale, Allowance for Credit Losses, Ending Balance	22
U.S. debt [Member] | Restricted Debt Securities [Member]
Debt Securities, Available-for-sale [Line Items]
Debt Securities, Available-for-sale, Amortized Cost	147,842		148,288
Debt Securities, Available-for-sale, Accumulated Gross Unrealized Gain, before Tax	0		0
Debt Securities, Available-for-sale, Accumulated Gross Unrealized Loss, before Tax	33,531		38,932
Debt Securities, Available-for-Sale, Allowance for Credit Loss	28		28
Restricted marketable securities	114,283		109,328
Restricted available for sale securities, allowance for credit losses [Line Items]
Debt Securities, Available-for-sale, Allowance for Credit Losses, Beginning Balance	28
Debt Securities, Available-for-sale, Allowance for Credit Losses, Ending Balance	28
U.S. government obligations [Member] | Restricted Debt Securities [Member]
Debt Securities, Available-for-sale [Line Items]
Debt Securities, Available-for-sale, Amortized Cost	24,529		24,551
Debt Securities, Available-for-sale, Accumulated Gross Unrealized Gain, before Tax	0		0
Debt Securities, Available-for-sale, Accumulated Gross Unrealized Loss, before Tax	6,369		7,352
Debt Securities, Available-for-Sale, Allowance for Credit Loss	5		4
Restricted marketable securities	18,155		$ 17,195
Restricted available for sale securities, allowance for credit losses [Line Items]
Debt Securities, Available-for-sale, Allowance for Credit Losses, Beginning Balance	4
Debt Securities, Available-for-sale, Allowance for Credit Losses, Ending Balance	$ 5

5. Consolidated Balance Sheet_3

5. Consolidated Balance Sheet Details (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2023	Mar. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021
Accounts receivable trade
Accounts receivable trade, gross	$ 299,628		$ 325,379
Accounts receivable trade, Allowance for credit losses	(1,008)	$ (479)	(1,042)	$ (664)
Accounts receivable trade, net	298,620		324,337
Allowance for Credit Loss [Abstract]
Accounts Receivable Trade, Allowance for Credit Loss	1,008	479	1,042	$ 664
Accounts Receivable Trade, Provision for credit losses, net	(34)	(185)
Inventories
Raw materials	403,225		397,912
Work in process	75,731		66,641
Finished goods	525,804		417,218
Inventories	1,004,760		881,771
Inventories - current	751,407		621,376
Inventories - noncurrent	253,353		260,395
Other current assets
Spare maintenance materials and parts	120,542		114,428
Operating supplies	59,697		47,492
Prepaid expenses	45,470		43,262
Prepaid income taxes	12,325		8,314
Restricted cash	12,256		3,175
Derivative instruments	2,690		2,018
Other	19,722		18,384
Other current assets	272,702		237,073
Property, plant and equipment, net
Property, plant and equipment, gross	5,387,395		4,999,674
Accumulated depreciation	(1,528,791)		(1,462,772)
Property, plant and equipment, net	3,858,604		3,536,902
Goodwill
Goodwill	14,462		14,462
Goodwill, period increase (decrease)	0
Intangibles assets, net
Intangible assets, gross	106,317		106,317
Intangible assets, accumulated amortization	(77,840)		(75,211)
Intangibles assets, net	28,477		31,106
Amortization of intangible assets	2,600	2,700
Other assets
Advance payments for raw materials	137,860		91,260
Operating lease assets	91,282		93,185
Income taxes receivable, noncurrent	56,993		56,993
Project assets	30,397		30,108
Accounts receivable unbilled, net - noncurrent	10,111		11,498
Restricted cash equivalents - noncurrent	2,579		6,284
Restricted cash - noncurrent	1,349		2,734
Accounts receivable trade, net - noncurrent	0		1,500
Other	56,149		62,630
Other assets	386,720		356,192
Accrued expenses
Accrued property, plant and equipment	193,399		148,777
Accrued freight	69,090		77,136
Accrued inventory	54,463		44,679
Accrued compensation and benefits	17,339		47,939
Accrued other taxes	12,862		19,765
Product warranty liability	10,236		10,660
Other	34,523		33,826
Accrued expenses	391,912		382,782
Other current liabilities
Operating lease liabilities, current	9,363		9,193
Derivative instruments	6,797		6,668
Other taxes payable, current	1,180		1,185
Other	3,291		4,199
Other current liabilities	20,631		21,245
Other liabilities
Operating lease liabilities, noncurrent	38,473		40,589
Deferred income tax liabilities, net	32,500		28,929
Product warranty liability	23,079		23,127
Other	27,320		27,292
Other liabilities	121,372		119,937
Developed Technology [Member]
Intangibles assets, net
Intangible assets, gross	97,347		97,347
Intangible assets, accumulated amortization	(71,150)		(68,650)
Intangibles assets, net	26,197		28,697
Patents [Member]
Intangibles assets, net
Intangible assets, gross	8,970		8,970
Intangible assets, accumulated amortization	(6,690)		(6,561)
Intangibles assets, net	2,280		2,409
Modules Segment [Member]
Goodwill
Goodwill, Gross	407,827		407,827
Accumulated impairment loss	(393,365)		(393,365)
Goodwill	14,462		14,462
Goodwill from acquisition	0
Goodwill impairment	0
Property, Plant and Equipment [Member]
Property, plant and equipment, net
Depreciation	65,900	$ 58,600
Land [Member]
Property, plant and equipment, net
Property, plant and equipment, gross	35,305		35,259
Building and improvements [Member]
Property, plant and equipment, net
Property, plant and equipment, gross	1,009,652		893,049
Machinery and equipment [Member]
Property, plant and equipment, net
Property, plant and equipment, gross	2,803,499		2,762,801
Office equipment and furniture [Member]
Property, plant and equipment, net
Property, plant and equipment, gross	155,321		146,467
Leasehold improvements [Member]
Property, plant and equipment, net
Property, plant and equipment, gross	40,077		40,160
Construction in progress [Member]
Property, plant and equipment, net
Property, plant and equipment, gross	$ 1,343,541		$ 1,121,938

6. Government Grants (Details)

6. Government Grants (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2023	Mar. 31, 2022
Government Assistance [Line Items]
Government Grants, Amount	$ 70,114	$ 0
Government Assistance, Statement of Income or Comprehensive Income [Extensible Enumeration]	Cost of sales	Cost of sales

7. Derivative Financial Instr_3

7. Derivative Financial Instruments (Details) - Summary - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Mar. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022
Other Current Assets
Derivatives, Fair Value [Line Items]
Derivative Assets (Liabilities), at Fair Value, Net	$ 2,690	$ 2,018
Other Current Assets | Designated as Hedging Instrument [Member]
Derivatives, Fair Value [Line Items]
Derivative Asset, Fair Value, Gross Asset	0	0
Other Current Assets | Not Designated as Hedging Instrument [Member]
Derivatives, Fair Value [Line Items]
Derivative Asset, Fair Value, Gross Asset	2,690	2,018
Other Assets
Derivatives, Fair Value [Line Items]
Derivative Assets (Liabilities), at Fair Value, Net		17
Other Assets | Designated as Hedging Instrument [Member]
Derivatives, Fair Value [Line Items]
Derivative Asset, Fair Value, Gross Asset		17
Other Assets | Not Designated as Hedging Instrument [Member]
Derivatives, Fair Value [Line Items]
Derivative Asset, Fair Value, Gross Asset		0
Other Current Liabilities
Derivatives, Fair Value [Line Items]
Derivative Assets (Liabilities), at Fair Value, Net	(6,797)	(6,668)
Other Current Liabilities | Designated as Hedging Instrument [Member]
Derivatives, Fair Value [Line Items]
Derivative Liability, Fair Value, Gross Liability	2,323	4,447
Other Current Liabilities | Not Designated as Hedging Instrument [Member]
Derivatives, Fair Value [Line Items]
Derivative Liability, Fair Value, Gross Liability	4,474	2,221
Other Liabilities
Derivatives, Fair Value [Line Items]
Derivative Assets (Liabilities), at Fair Value, Net		(144)
Other Liabilities | Designated as Hedging Instrument [Member]
Derivatives, Fair Value [Line Items]
Derivative Liability, Fair Value, Gross Liability		144
Other Liabilities | Not Designated as Hedging Instrument [Member]
Derivatives, Fair Value [Line Items]
Derivative Liability, Fair Value, Gross Liability		0
Commodity swap contracts | Other Current Assets | Designated as Hedging Instrument [Member]
Derivatives, Fair Value [Line Items]
Derivative Asset, Fair Value, Gross Asset	0	0
Commodity swap contracts | Other Assets | Designated as Hedging Instrument [Member]
Derivatives, Fair Value [Line Items]
Derivative Asset, Fair Value, Gross Asset		17
Commodity swap contracts | Other Current Liabilities | Designated as Hedging Instrument [Member]
Derivatives, Fair Value [Line Items]
Derivative Liability, Fair Value, Gross Liability	2,323	4,447
Commodity swap contracts | Other Liabilities | Designated as Hedging Instrument [Member]
Derivatives, Fair Value [Line Items]
Derivative Liability, Fair Value, Gross Liability		144
Foreign exchange forward contracts | Other Current Assets | Not Designated as Hedging Instrument [Member]
Derivatives, Fair Value [Line Items]
Derivative Asset, Fair Value, Gross Asset	2,690	2,018
Foreign exchange forward contracts | Other Assets | Not Designated as Hedging Instrument [Member]
Derivatives, Fair Value [Line Items]
Derivative Asset, Fair Value, Gross Asset		0
Foreign exchange forward contracts | Other Current Liabilities | Not Designated as Hedging Instrument [Member]
Derivatives, Fair Value [Line Items]
Derivative Liability, Fair Value, Gross Liability	$ 4,474	2,221
Foreign exchange forward contracts | Other Liabilities | Not Designated as Hedging Instrument [Member]
Derivatives, Fair Value [Line Items]
Derivative Liability, Fair Value, Gross Liability		$ 0

7. Derivative Financial Instr_4

7. Derivative Financial Instruments (Details) - Hedging Relationship - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2023	Mar. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021
Designated as Hedging Instrument [Member]
Derivative Instruments, Gain (Loss) [Line Items]
Balance in accumulated other comprehensive income (loss)	$ (4,320)	$ 590	$ (7,242)	$ 1,126
Amounts recognized in other comprehensive income (loss)	254	24
Derivative instruments, gain (loss) reclassified from accumulated OCI into income, effective portion, net	$ 2,668	$ (560)
Derivative Instrument, Gain (Loss) Reclassified from AOCI into Income, Effective Portion, Statement of Income or Comprehensive Income [Extensible Enumeration]	Cost of sales	Cost of sales
Foreign exchange forward contracts | Designated as Hedging Instrument [Member] | Cash Flow Hedging
Derivative Instruments, Gain (Loss) [Line Items]
Balance in accumulated other comprehensive income (loss)	$ 0	$ 992	0	1,126
Amounts recognized in other comprehensive income (loss)	0	426
Derivative instruments, gain (loss) reclassified from accumulated OCI into income, effective portion, net	$ 0	$ (560)
Derivative Instrument, Gain (Loss) Reclassified from AOCI into Income, Effective Portion, Statement of Income or Comprehensive Income [Extensible Enumeration]	Cost of sales	Cost of sales
Foreign exchange forward contracts | Designated as Hedging Instrument [Member] | Cash Flow Hedging | Cost of sales | Maximum [Member]
Derivative Instruments, Gain (Loss) [Line Items]
Derivative instruments, gain (loss) recognized in income, amount excluded from effectiveness testing, net		$ (100)
Foreign exchange forward contracts | Designated as Hedging Instrument [Member] | Net Investment Hedging
Derivative Instruments, Gain (Loss) [Line Items]
Amounts recognized in other comprehensive income (loss)	$ 0
Balance in accumulated other comprehensive income (loss), net investment hedges	(667)		(667)
Foreign exchange forward contracts | Not Designated as Hedging Instrument [Member] | Cost of sales
Derivative Instruments, Gain (Loss) [Line Items]
Derivative, gain (loss) on derivative, net	$ 0	$ 78
Derivative, Gain (Loss), Statement of Income or Comprehensive Income [Extensible Enumeration]	Cost of sales	Cost of sales
Foreign exchange forward contracts | Not Designated as Hedging Instrument [Member] | Foreign currency loss, net
Derivative Instruments, Gain (Loss) [Line Items]
Derivative, gain (loss) on derivative, net	$ (4,683)	$ 18,981
Derivative, Gain (Loss), Statement of Income or Comprehensive Income [Extensible Enumeration]	Foreign currency loss, net	Foreign currency loss, net
Commodity swap contracts | Designated as Hedging Instrument [Member] | Cash Flow Hedging
Derivative Instruments, Gain (Loss) [Line Items]
Balance in accumulated other comprehensive income (loss)	$ (4,320)	$ (402)	$ (7,242)	$ 0
Amounts recognized in other comprehensive income (loss)	254	(402)
Derivative instruments, gain (loss) reclassified from accumulated OCI into income, effective portion, net	$ 2,668	$ 0
Derivative Instrument, Gain (Loss) Reclassified from AOCI into Income, Effective Portion, Statement of Income or Comprehensive Income [Extensible Enumeration]	Cost of sales	Cost of sales

7. Derivative Financial Instr_5

7. Derivative Financial Instruments (Details) - Risk Management $ in Millions, ¥ in Billions	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2023 USD ($)	Jul. 31, 2022 USD ($)	Jun. 30, 2022 JPY (¥)	Jun. 30, 2022 USD ($)
Foreign exchange forward contracts | Net Investment Hedging
Derivatives, Fair Value [Line Items]
Derivative, notional amount			¥ 8	$ 60.6
Commodity swap contracts | Cash Flow Hedging
Derivatives, Fair Value [Line Items]
Derivative, notional amount	$ 18.6	$ 70.5
Cash Flow Hedge Gain (Loss) to be Reclassified within Twelve Months	$ (4.2)

7. Derivative Financial Instr_6

7. Derivative Financial Instruments (Details) - Transaction Exposure - Foreign exchange forward contracts - Not Designated as Hedging Instrument [Member] € in Millions, ₨ in Millions, ¥ in Millions, RM in Millions, $ in Millions, $ in Millions, $ in Millions, $ in Millions, $ in Millions

3 Months Ended

12 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2023 JPY (¥)

Dec. 31, 2022 JPY (¥)

Mar. 31, 2023 USD ($)

Mar. 31, 2023 CAD ($)

Mar. 31, 2023 CLP ($)

Mar. 31, 2023 EUR (€)

Mar. 31, 2023 INR (₨)

Mar. 31, 2023 MYR (RM)

Mar. 31, 2023 MXN ($)

Mar. 31, 2023 SGD ($)

Dec. 31, 2022 USD ($)

Dec. 31, 2022 CAD ($)

Dec. 31, 2022 CLP ($)

Dec. 31, 2022 EUR (€)

Dec. 31, 2022 INR (₨)

Dec. 31, 2022 MYR (RM)

Dec. 31, 2022 MXN ($)

Dec. 31, 2022 SGD ($)

Canada, Dollars

Derivative [Line Items]

Derivative, Currency Sold

Canadian dollar

Canadian dollar

Chile, Pesos

Derivative [Line Items]

Derivative, Currency Sold

Chilean peso

Chilean peso

Euro Member Countries, Euro

Derivative [Line Items]

Derivative, Currency Bought

Euro

Euro

Derivative, Currency Sold

Euro

Euro

India, Rupees

Derivative [Line Items]

Derivative, Currency Bought

Indian rupee

Derivative, Currency Sold

Indian rupee

Indian rupee

Japan, Yen

Derivative [Line Items]

Derivative, Currency Bought

Japanese yen

Japanese yen

Derivative, Currency Sold

Japanese yen

Japanese yen

Malaysia, Ringgits

Derivative [Line Items]

Derivative, Currency Bought

Malaysian ringgit

Malaysian ringgit

Derivative, Currency Sold

Malaysian ringgit

Malaysian ringgit

Mexico, Pesos

Derivative [Line Items]

Derivative, Currency Sold

Mexican peso

Mexican peso

Singapore, Dollars

Derivative [Line Items]

Derivative, Currency Bought

Singapore dollar

Singapore dollar

Long [Member] | Euro Member Countries, Euro

Derivative [Line Items]

Derivative, notional amount

$ 104.5

€ 96.4

$ 170.5

€ 160.2

Long [Member] | India, Rupees

Derivative [Line Items]

Derivative, notional amount

146

₨ 12,009.8

Long [Member] | Japan, Yen

Derivative [Line Items]

Derivative, notional amount

¥ 2,151.6

¥ 2,982.7

16.3

22.4

Long [Member] | Malaysia, Ringgits

Derivative [Line Items]

Derivative, notional amount

25.7

RM 113.3

22.6

RM 99.8

Long [Member] | Singapore, Dollars

Derivative [Line Items]

Derivative, notional amount

16.1

$ 21.4

1

$ 1.4

Short [Member] | Canada, Dollars

Derivative [Line Items]

Derivative, notional amount

3.1

$ 4.2

3.1

$ 4.2

Short [Member] | Chile, Pesos

Derivative [Line Items]

Derivative, notional amount

2.5

$ 1,979.6

7

$ 5,996.5

Short [Member] | Euro Member Countries, Euro

Derivative [Line Items]

Derivative, notional amount

31.2

€ 28.8

40.9

€ 38.4

Short [Member] | India, Rupees

Derivative [Line Items]

Derivative, notional amount

327.1

₨ 26,911.9

327.4

₨ 27,119.5

Short [Member] | Japan, Yen

Derivative [Line Items]

Derivative, notional amount

¥ 1,971.1

¥ 8,950.3

14.9

67.1

Short [Member] | Malaysia, Ringgits

Derivative [Line Items]

Derivative, notional amount

7.9

RM 35

3.1

RM 13.7

Short [Member] | Mexico, Pesos

Derivative [Line Items]

Derivative, notional amount

$ 1.9

$ 34.6

$ 1.8

$ 34.6

8. Leases (Details)

8. Leases (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2023	Mar. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2022
Leases [Abstract]
Operating lease cost	$ 2,937	$ 4,377
Variable lease cost	895	599
Short-term lease cost	70	31
Total lease cost	3,902	5,007
Payments of amounts included in the measurement of operating lease liabilities	2,753	4,136
Lease assets obtained in exchange for operating lease liabilities	251	$ 534
Operating lease assets	91,282		$ 93,185
Operating lease liabilities, current	9,363		9,193
Operating lease liabilities, noncurrent	$ 38,473		$ 40,589
Weighted-average remaining lease term	5 years		6 years
Weighted-average discount rate	5.10%		5.10%
Lessee, Operating Lease, Liability, to be Paid [Abstract]
Operating lease liabilities, future payments, remainder of fiscal year	$ 8,558
Operating lease liabilities, future payments, due 2024	10,999
Operating lease liabilities, future payments, due 2025	9,899
Operating lease liabilities, future payments, due 2026	8,367
Operating lease liabilities, future payments, due 2027	5,777
Operating lease liabilities, future payments, due 2028	5,900
Operating lease liabilities, future payments, due after 2028	5,490
Total future payments	54,990
Less: interest	(7,154)
Total lease liabilities	$ 47,836
Lessee, Lease, Description [Line Items]
Operating Lease, Right-of-Use Asset, Statement of Financial Position [Extensible Enumeration]	Other assets		Other assets
Operating Lease, Liability, Current, Statement of Financial Position [Extensible List]	Other current liabilities		Other current liabilities
Operating Lease, Liability, Noncurrent, Statement of Financial Position [Extensible List]	Other liabilities		Other liabilities

9. Fair Value Measurements (Det

9. Fair Value Measurements (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Mar. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022
Assets:
Marketable securities	$ 1,364,607	$ 1,096,712
Restricted marketable securities	196,591	182,070
Foreign debt [Member]
Assets:
Marketable securities	56,499	59,777
U.S. debt [Member]
Assets:
Marketable securities	56,731	56,463
Time deposits [Member]
Assets:
Marketable securities	730,861	980,472
Fair Value, Measurements, Recurring [Member]
Assets:
Cash equivalents, Money market funds	7,097	4,324
Restricted cash equivalents, Money market funds	2,579	6,284
Restricted marketable securities	196,591	182,070
Derivative assets	2,690	2,035
Total assets	1,573,564	1,291,425
Liabilities:
Derivative liabilities	6,797	6,812
Fair Value, Measurements, Recurring [Member] | Foreign debt [Member]
Assets:
Marketable securities	56,499	59,777
Fair Value, Measurements, Recurring [Member] | U.S. debt [Member]
Assets:
Marketable securities	56,731	56,463
Fair Value, Measurements, Recurring [Member] | U.S. Treasury securities
Assets:
Marketable securities	520,516
Fair Value, Measurements, Recurring [Member] | Time deposits [Member]
Assets:
Marketable securities	730,861	980,472
Fair Value, Measurements, Recurring [Member] | Fair Value, Inputs, Level 1 [Member]
Assets:
Cash equivalents, Money market funds	7,097	4,324
Restricted cash equivalents, Money market funds	2,579	6,284
Restricted marketable securities	0	0
Derivative assets	0	0
Total assets	1,261,053	991,080
Liabilities:
Derivative liabilities	0	0
Fair Value, Measurements, Recurring [Member] | Fair Value, Inputs, Level 1 [Member] | Foreign debt [Member]
Assets:
Marketable securities	0	0
Fair Value, Measurements, Recurring [Member] | Fair Value, Inputs, Level 1 [Member] | U.S. debt [Member]
Assets:
Marketable securities	0	0
Fair Value, Measurements, Recurring [Member] | Fair Value, Inputs, Level 1 [Member] | U.S. Treasury securities
Assets:
Marketable securities	520,516
Fair Value, Measurements, Recurring [Member] | Fair Value, Inputs, Level 1 [Member] | Time deposits [Member]
Assets:
Marketable securities	730,861	980,472
Fair Value, Measurements, Recurring [Member] | Fair Value, Inputs, Level 2 [Member]
Assets:
Cash equivalents, Money market funds	0	0
Restricted cash equivalents, Money market funds	0	0
Restricted marketable securities	196,591	182,070
Derivative assets	2,690	2,035
Total assets	312,511	300,345
Liabilities:
Derivative liabilities	6,797	6,812
Fair Value, Measurements, Recurring [Member] | Fair Value, Inputs, Level 2 [Member] | Foreign debt [Member]
Assets:
Marketable securities	56,499	59,777
Fair Value, Measurements, Recurring [Member] | Fair Value, Inputs, Level 2 [Member] | U.S. debt [Member]
Assets:
Marketable securities	56,731	56,463
Fair Value, Measurements, Recurring [Member] | Fair Value, Inputs, Level 2 [Member] | U.S. Treasury securities
Assets:
Marketable securities	0
Fair Value, Measurements, Recurring [Member] | Fair Value, Inputs, Level 2 [Member] | Time deposits [Member]
Assets:
Marketable securities	0	0
Fair Value, Measurements, Recurring [Member] | Fair Value, Inputs, Level 3 [Member]
Assets:
Cash equivalents, Money market funds	0	0
Restricted cash equivalents, Money market funds	0	0
Restricted marketable securities	0	0
Derivative assets	0	0
Total assets	0	0
Liabilities:
Derivative liabilities	0	0
Fair Value, Measurements, Recurring [Member] | Fair Value, Inputs, Level 3 [Member] | Foreign debt [Member]
Assets:
Marketable securities	0	0
Fair Value, Measurements, Recurring [Member] | Fair Value, Inputs, Level 3 [Member] | U.S. debt [Member]
Assets:
Marketable securities	0	0
Fair Value, Measurements, Recurring [Member] | Fair Value, Inputs, Level 3 [Member] | U.S. Treasury securities
Assets:
Marketable securities	0
Fair Value, Measurements, Recurring [Member] | Fair Value, Inputs, Level 3 [Member] | Time deposits [Member]
Assets:
Marketable securities	$ 0	$ 0

9. Fair Value Measurements (D_2

9. Fair Value Measurements (Details) - Balance Sheet Grouping - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Mar. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022
Financial Instruments, Financial Assets, Balance Sheet Groupings [Abstract]
Government grants receivable	$ 70,114	$ 0
Accounts receivable unbilled, net - noncurrent	10,111	11,498
Accounts receivable trade, net - noncurrent	0	1,500
Financial Instruments, Financial Liabilities, Balance Sheet Groupings [Abstract]
Long-term debt	321,000
Carrying Value Measurement [Member]
Financial Instruments, Financial Assets, Balance Sheet Groupings [Abstract]
Government grants receivable	70,114	0
Accounts receivable unbilled, net - noncurrent	10,111	11,498
Accounts receivable trade, net - noncurrent	0	1,500
Financial Instruments, Financial Liabilities, Balance Sheet Groupings [Abstract]
Long-term debt	321,000	185,000
Estimate of Fair Value Measurement [Member]
Financial Instruments, Financial Assets, Balance Sheet Groupings [Abstract]
Government grants receivable	69,243	0
Accounts receivable unbilled, net - noncurrent	9,178	10,304
Accounts receivable trade, net - noncurrent	0	1,339
Financial Instruments, Financial Liabilities, Balance Sheet Groupings [Abstract]
Long-term debt	$ 283,996	$ 160,986

10. Debt (Details)

10. Debt (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022	Jul. 27, 2022
Long-term Debt [Abstract]
Less: unamortized issuance costs	$ (622)	$ (651)
Long-term debt	320,378	184,349
Long-term Debt, Fiscal Year Maturity [Abstract]
Long-term Debt, Maturity, Remainder of Fiscal Year	0
Long-Term Debt, Maturity, Year One	22,759
Long-term Debt, Maturity, Year Two	58,358
Long-Term Debt, Maturity, Year Three	58,358
Long-Term Debt, Maturity, Year Four	58,390
Long-Term Debt, Maturity, Year Five	58,422
Long-Term Debt, Maturity, after Year Five	64,713
Total long-term debt future principal payments	$ 321,000
India Credit Facility
Long-term Debt [Abstract]
Debt instrument, currency	USD
Long-term debt, gross	$ 321,000	$ 185,000
India Credit Facility | DFC [Member]
Long-term Debt [Abstract]
Debt Instrument, Description of Variable Rate Basis	U.S. Treasury Constant Maturity Yield plus 1.75%
Debt Instrument, Basis Spread on Variable Rate	1.75%
Debt Instrument, Effective Interest Rate	5.36%
India Credit Facility | DFC [Member] | FS India Solar Ventures Private Limited
Long-term Debt [Abstract]
Line of Credit Facility, Current Borrowing Capacity			$ 500,000

11. Commitments and Contingen_3

11. Commitments and Contingencies (Details) - Commercial Commitments $ in Millions	Mar. 31, 2023 USD ($)
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Surety Bonds Outstanding, Amount	$ 8.7
Surety Bonds, Remaining Borrowing Capacity	233.1
Bilateral Facilities [Member]
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Letters of Credit Outstanding, Amount	119.3
Letters of Credit, Remaining Borrowing Capacity	126.1
Letters of Credit Outstanding, Secured by Cash	$ 13

11. Commitments and Contingen_4

11. Commitments and Contingencies (Details) - Product Warranties - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2023	Mar. 31, 2022
Movement in Standard Product Warranty Accrual [Roll Forward]
Product warranty liability, beginning of period	$ 33,787	$ 52,553
Accruals for new warranties issued	994	848
Settlements	(1,326)	(6,002)
Changes in estimate of product warranty liability	(140)	(383)
Product warranty liability, end of period	33,315	47,016
Current portion of warranty liability	10,236	11,809
Noncurrent portion of warranty liability	$ 23,079	$ 35,207

11. Commitments and Contingen_5

11. Commitments and Contingencies (Details) - Indemnifications - USD ($) $ in Millions	Mar. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022
Commitments and Contingencies Disclosure [Abstract]
Indemnification liabilities, current	$ 2.5	$ 2.5
Indemnification liabilities, maximum exposure	53.8
Indemnification liabilities, potential recoveries	$ 27.3

11. Commitments and Contingen_6

11. Commitments and Contingencies (Details) - Solar Module Collection and Recycling Liability - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Mar. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022
Commitments and Contingencies Disclosure [Abstract]
Accrued solar module collection and recycling liability	$ 130,258	$ 128,114

11. Commitments and Contingen_7

11. Commitments and Contingencies (Details) - Legal Proceedings $ in Millions	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2023 USD ($)
Pending Litigation
Estimated Litigation Liability [Line Items]
Loss Contingency, Damages Sought, Value	$ 60

12. Revenue from Contracts wi_3

12. Revenue from Contracts with Customers (Details) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2023 USD ($) Projects	Mar. 31, 2022 USD ($)	Dec. 31, 2022 USD ($)
Revenue from Contracts with Customers [Line Items]
Net sales	$ 548,286	$ 367,040
Increase (Decrease) in Revenue from Net Changes in Transaction Price	$ 5,400
Number of projects with changes in estimates | Projects	4
Net change in estimate as a percentage of aggregate revenue	23.80%
Accounts Receivable Unbilled, Net, Total Current and Noncurrent, after Allowance for Credit Losses	$ 36,005		$ 42,152
Contract Assets, Net Change	$ (6,147)
Contract Assets, Percent Change	(15.00%)
Deferred revenue, Total Current and Noncurrent	$ 1,348,381		1,207,940
Contract Liabilities, Net Change	$ 140,441
Contract Liabilities, Percent Change	12%
Accounts receivable unbilled, net - noncurrent	$ 10,111		$ 11,498
Sales Revenue Net, from Beginning Contract Liability	90,400	43,700
Solar Modules [Member]
Revenue from Contracts with Customers [Line Items]
Net sales	536,590	354,881
Remaining Performance Obligation, Aggregate Transaction Price	20,400,000
Solar Power Systems [Member]
Revenue from Contracts with Customers [Line Items]
Net sales	11,261	1,969
O&M Services [Member]
Revenue from Contracts with Customers [Line Items]
Net sales	452	3,897
Energy Generation [Member]
Revenue from Contracts with Customers [Line Items]
Net sales	$ (17)	$ 6,293

13. Share-Based Compensation (D

13. Share-Based Compensation (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2023	Mar. 31, 2022
Employee Service Share-based Compensation, Allocation of Recognized Period Costs [Line Items]
Share-based compensation expense	$ 6,600	$ 3,503
Restricted and performance stock units [Member]
Employee Service Share-based Compensation, Allocation of Recognized Period Costs [Line Items]
Share-based compensation expense, unrecognized, unvested restricted stock and performance units	$ 53,800
Share-based compensation expense, unrecognized, unvested weighted average period of recognition (in years)	1 year 9 months 18 days
Cost of sales [Member]
Employee Service Share-based Compensation, Allocation of Recognized Period Costs [Line Items]
Share-based compensation expense	$ 926	498
Selling, general and administrative [Member]
Employee Service Share-based Compensation, Allocation of Recognized Period Costs [Line Items]
Share-based compensation expense	4,782	2,574
Research and development [Member]
Employee Service Share-based Compensation, Allocation of Recognized Period Costs [Line Items]
Share-based compensation expense	877	431
Production start-up [Member]
Employee Service Share-based Compensation, Allocation of Recognized Period Costs [Line Items]
Share-based compensation expense	$ 15	$ 0

14. Income Taxes (Details)

14. Income Taxes (Details)	1 Months Ended	3 Months Ended		48 Months Ended	108 Months Ended
	Aug. 31, 2022	Mar. 31, 2023	Mar. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2036	Dec. 31, 2032
Income Tax Disclosure [Abstract]
Corporate Alternative Minimum Tax, Inflation Reduction Act, Percent	15%
Excise Tax on Stock Buybacks, Inflation Reduction Act, Percent	1%
Effective income tax rate		(19.30%)	31.10%
U.S. statutory federal income tax rate		21%
Forecast
Income Tax Holiday [Line Items]
Vietnam long-term tax incentive tax rate				10%	5%

15. Net Income (Loss) Per Sha_3

15. Net Income (Loss) Per Share (Details) - USD ($) $ / shares in Units, shares in Thousands, $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2023	Mar. 31, 2022
Earnings Per Share [Abstract]
Net income (loss)	$ 42,561	$ (43,255)
Weighted-average common shares outstanding	106,675	106,412
Effect of restricted stock and performance units	479	0
Weighted-average shares used in computing diluted net income (loss) per share	107,154	106,412
Net income (loss) per share, basic	$ 0.40	$ (0.41)
Net income (loss) per share, diluted	$ 0.40	$ (0.41)
Anti-dilutive shares	11	504

16. Accumulated Other Compreh_3

16. Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2023	Mar. 31, 2022
Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss) [Line Items]
Stockholders' equity, beginning balance	$ 5,836,055	$ 5,959,551
Amounts reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive loss	2,532	(555)
Net other comprehensive income	11,835	(33,088)
Stockholders' equity, ending balance	5,868,728	5,875,175
Other expense, net	(1,456)	(212)
Cost of sales	436,235	355,577
Total (loss) gain reclassified	(2,532)	555
Foreign Currency Translation Adjustment [Member]
Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss) [Line Items]
Stockholders' equity, beginning balance	(121,473)
Other comprehensive income before reclassifications	2,791
Amounts reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive loss	(136)
Net tax effect	0
Net other comprehensive income	2,655
Stockholders' equity, ending balance	(118,818)
Total (loss) gain reclassified	136
Foreign Currency Translation Adjustment [Member] | Reclassification out of Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss [Member]
Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss) [Line Items]
Other expense, net	(10)	(5)
Cost of sales	146	0
Total amount reclassified	136	(5)
Unrealized (Loss) Gain on Marketable Securities and Restricted Marketable Securities [Member]
Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss) [Line Items]
Stockholders' equity, beginning balance	(64,780)
Other comprehensive income before reclassifications	7,368
Amounts reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive loss	0
Net tax effect	(402)
Net other comprehensive income	6,966
Stockholders' equity, ending balance	(57,814)
Total (loss) gain reclassified	0
Unrealized (Loss) Gain on Derivative Instruments [Member]
Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss) [Line Items]
Stockholders' equity, beginning balance	(5,564)
Other comprehensive income before reclassifications	254
Amounts reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive loss	2,668
Net tax effect	(708)
Net other comprehensive income	2,214
Stockholders' equity, ending balance	(3,350)
Total (loss) gain reclassified	(2,668)
Unrealized (Loss) Gain on Derivative Instruments [Member] | Reclassification out of Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss [Member]
Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss) [Line Items]
Total amount reclassified	(2,668)	560
Total, Accumulated Other Comprehensive (Loss) Income [Member]
Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss) [Line Items]
Stockholders' equity, beginning balance	(191,817)	(96,362)
Other comprehensive income before reclassifications	10,413
Amounts reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive loss	2,532
Net tax effect	(1,110)
Net other comprehensive income	11,835	(33,088)
Stockholders' equity, ending balance	(179,982)	(129,450)
Total (loss) gain reclassified	(2,532)
Foreign exchange forward contracts | Unrealized (Loss) Gain on Derivative Instruments [Member] | Reclassification out of Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss [Member]
Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss) [Line Items]
Cost of sales	0	560
Commodity swap contracts | Unrealized (Loss) Gain on Derivative Instruments [Member] | Reclassification out of Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss [Member]
Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss) [Line Items]
Cost of sales	$ (2,668)	$ 0

17. Segment Reporting (Details)

17. Segment Reporting (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2023	Mar. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2022
Segment Reporting Information [Line Items]
Net sales	$ 548,286	$ 367,040
Gross profit	112,051	11,463
Depreciation and amortization expense	61,585	59,045
Goodwill	14,462		$ 14,462
Modules Segment [Member]
Segment Reporting Information [Line Items]
Net sales	536,590	354,881
Gross profit	106,894	11,189
Depreciation and amortization expense	61,583	56,199
Goodwill	14,462		14,462
Other [Member]
Segment Reporting Information [Line Items]
Net sales	11,696	12,159
Gross profit	5,157	274
Depreciation and amortization expense	2	$ 2,846
Goodwill	$ 0		$ 0