| Organization and Significant Accounting Policies | 1. ORGANIZATION AND SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES Organization — Ultra Clean Holdings, Inc. (the “Company” or “UCT”) was founded in November 2002 and became a publicly traded company in March 2004. The Company is a global leader in the design, engineering, and manufacture of production tools, modules and subsystems for the semiconductor capital equipment industry and industry segments with similar requirements including display, consumer and medical. The Company focuses on providing specialized engineering and manufacturing solutions for these applications. Through the Company’s acquisition of Quantum Global Technologies, LLC (“QGT”) in August 2018, the Company is also a provider of ultra-high purity outsourced parts cleaning, process tool part recoating, surface treatment and analytical services to the semiconductor and related industries. On April 15, 2019, the Company purchased substantially all of the assets of Dynamic Manufacturing Solutions, LLC ("DMS"), a semiconductor weldment and solutions provider. See Note 2 to the Company’s Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements for further information about the acquisitions of QGT and DMS. Basis of Presentation — The unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements included in this quarterly report on Form 10-Q include the accounts of the Company and its wholly-owned subsidiaries and have been prepared in accordance with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles (“GAAP”). This financial information reflects all adjustments which are, in the opinion of the Company, normal, recurring and necessary for the fair financial statement presentation for the dates and periods presented. Certain information and footnote disclosures normally included in our annual financial statements, prepared in accordance with GAAP, have been condensed or omitted. The Company’s December 28, 2018 balance sheet data were derived from its audited financial statements as of that date. Fiscal Year — The Company uses a 52-53 week fiscal year ending on the Friday nearest December 31. All references to quarters refer to fiscal quarters and all references to years refer to fiscal years. Principles of Consolidation — The Company’s Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements include the accounts of the Company and its subsidiaries with the ownership interests of minority shareholders presented as noncontrolling interests. All intercompany accounts and transactions have been eliminated upon consolidation. Segments — The Financial Accounting Standards Board’s (FASB) guidance regarding disclosure about segments in an enterprise and related information establishes standards for the reporting by public business enterprises of information about reportable segments, products and services, geographic areas, and major customers. The method for determining what information to report is based on the manner in which management organizes the reportable segments within the Company for making operational decisions and assessments of financial performance. The Company’s chief operating decision-maker is the Chief Executive Officer. In March 2019, the Company effected a change in the reporting of its segment financial results to better reflect the reorganization within the Company due to the acquisition of QGT. The Company now operates and reports two segments. See Note 15 to the Company’s Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements. Foreign Currency Translation and Remeasurement — FDS’ functional currency is not its local currency or the U.S. dollar. The Company remeasures the monetary assets and liabilities of FDS to its functional currency (Euro). Gains and losses from these remeasurements are recorded in interest and other income (expense), net. The Company then translates the assets and liabilities of FDS into the U.S. dollar. Gains and losses from these translations are recognized in foreign currency translation included in accumulated other comprehensive income (AOCI) within stockholders’ equity. The functional currency of the Company’s other international subsidiaries are either the U.S. dollar or their local currency. For the Company’s foreign subsidiaries where the local currency is the functional currency, we translate the financial statements of these subsidiaries to U.S. dollars using month-end exchange rates for assets and liabilities, and average rates of exchange for revenue, costs and expenses. Translation gains and losses are recorded in AOCI as a component of stockholders' equity. Use of Estimates — The presentation of financial statements in conformity with GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities, and disclosures of contingent liabilities at the date of the financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. Such estimates and assumptions include reserves on inventory, valuation of deferred tax assets, impairment of goodwill, valuation of pension and purchase obligations and other long-lived assets. The Company bases its estimates and judgments on historical experience and on various other assumptions that it believes are reasonable under the circumstances. However, future events are subject to change and the best estimates and judgments routinely require adjustments. Actual amounts may differ from those estimates. Concentration of Credit Risk — Financial instruments which subject the Company to concentrations of credit risk consist principally of cash and cash equivalents and accounts receivable. The Company sells its products primarily to semiconductor capital equipment manufacturers in the United States. The Company performs credit evaluations of its customers’ financial condition and generally requires no collateral. The Company’s most significant customers (having accounted for 10% or more of sales) and their related sales as a percentage of total sales were as follows:
Three Months Ended
Nine Months Ended
September 27,
September 28,
September 27,
September 28,
2019
2018
2019
2018
Lam Research Corporation
37.6
%
48.7
%
39.4
%
59.9
%
Applied Materials, Inc.
24.3
23.0
21.5
21.9
Total
61.9
%
71.7
%
60.9
%
81.8
% Three customers’ accounts receivable balances, Lam Research Corporation, Applied Materials, Inc. and ASM International, Inc., were individually greater than 10% of accounts receivable as of September 27, 2019 and December 28, 2018, in the aggregate approximately 67.3% and 62.9% of accounts receivable, respectively. Fair Value of Measurements — The Company measures its cash equivalents, contingent earn-out liabilities, pension and purchase obligations at fair value on a recurring basis. In August 2018, the Company repaid its debt with East West Bank and as a result, the related interest rate swap contract was consequently cancelled. Fair value is an exit price, representing the amount that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants. As such, fair value is a market-based measurement that is determined based on assumptions that market participants would use in pricing an asset or a liability. Assets and liabilities recorded at fair value are measured and classified in accordance with a three-tier fair value hierarchy based on the observability of the inputs available in the market used to measure fair value: Level 1 — Observable inputs that reflect quoted prices (unadjusted) for identical assets or liabilities in active markets. Level 2 — Inputs that are based upon quoted prices for similar instruments in active markets, quoted prices for identical or similar instruments in markets that are not active, and model-based valuation techniques for which all significant inputs are observable in the market or can be derived from observable market data. Where applicable, these models project future cash flows and discount the future amounts to a present value using market-based observable inputs including interest rate curves, foreign exchange rates, and credit ratings. Level 3 — Unobservable inputs that are supported by little or no market activities. Derivative Financial Instruments — The Company recognizes derivative instruments as either assets or liabilities in the accompanying Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets at fair value. The Company records changes in the fair value of the derivatives in the accompanying Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations as interest and other income (expense), net, or as a component of AOCI in the accompanying Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets. Inventories — Inventories are stated at the lower of standard cost (which approximates actual cost on a first-in, first-out basis) or net realizable value. The Company evaluates the valuation of all inventories, including raw materials, work-in-process, finished goods and spare parts on a periodic basis. Obsolete inventory or inventory in excess of management’s estimated usage is written-down to its estimated market value less costs to sell, if less than its cost. Inherent in the estimates of market value are management’s estimates related to economic trends, future demand for products, and technological obsolescence of the Company’s products. Inventory write downs inherently involve judgments as to assumptions about expected future demand and the impact of market conditions on those assumptions. Although the Company believes that the assumptions it used in estimating inventory write downs are reasonable, significant changes in any one of the assumptions in the future could produce a significantly different result. There can be no assurances that future events and changing market conditions will not result in significant increases in inventory write downs. Property, Plant and — Property, plant and equipment are stated at cost, or, in the case of equipment under capital leases, the present value of future minimum lease payments at inception of the related lease. Depreciation and amortization are computed using the straight-line method over the lesser of the estimated useful lives of the assets or the terms of the leases. Useful lives range from three Internal use Software — Direct costs incurred to develop software for internal use are capitalized and amortized over an estimated useful life of three to ten years. Costs related to the design or maintenance of internal use software are expensed as incurred. Capitalized internal use software is included in computer equipment and Construction in Progress — Construction in progress is related to the construction or development of property, plant and equipment that has not yet been placed in service for their intended use and is, therefore, not depreciated. Long-lived Assets — The Company evaluates long-lived assets for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate the carrying value of an asset group may not be recoverable. The Company assesses the fair value of the assets based on the amount of the undiscounted future cash flows that the assets are expected to generate and recognizes an impairment loss when estimated undiscounted future cash flows expected to result from the use of the asset are less than the carrying value of the asset. If the Company identifies an impairment, the Company reduces the carrying value of the group of assets to comparable market values, when available and appropriate, or to its estimated fair value based on a discounted cash flow approach. At the end of fiscal year 2018, the Company assessed the useful lives of its long-lived assets, including property, plant and equipment as well as its intangible assets and concluded that no impairment was required. Non-current assets, or disposal groups comprising assets and liabilities, that are expected to be recovered primarily through sale rather than through continuing use, are classified as held-for-sale. Immediately before classification as held-for-sale or distribution, the assets, or components of a disposal group, are measured at the lower of the carrying amount and fair value less costs to sell. Impairment losses on initial classification as held-for-sale and subsequent gains and losses on remeasurement are recognized in the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations. Gains are not recognized in excess of any cumulative impairment loss. Once classified as held-for-sale, intangible assets and property, plant and equipment are no longer amortized or depreciated. Goodwill and Indefinite Lived Intangible Assets — Goodwill and indefinite-lived intangible assets are not amortized, but are reviewed for impairment annually. Purchased intangible assets are presented at cost, net of accumulated amortization, and are amortized on either a straight-line method or on an accelerated method over their estimated future discounted cash flows. The Company reviews goodwill and purchased intangible assets with indefinite lives for impairment annually and whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate the carrying value of an asset may not be recoverable, such as when reductions in demand or significant economic slowdowns in the semiconductor industry are present. Deferred Debt Issuance Costs — Debt issuance costs incurred in connection with obtaining debt financing are deferred and presented as a direct deduction from Bank Borrowings in the accompanying Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets. Costs incurred in connection with revolving credit facilities and letter of credit facilities are deferred and presented as an offset to bank borrowings in the accompanying Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets. Deferred costs are amortized on an effective interest method basis over the contractual term. Income Taxes — The Company utilizes the asset and liability method of accounting for income taxes, under which deferred taxes are determined based on the temporary differences between the financial statement and tax basis of assets and liabilities using tax rates expected to be in effect during the years in which the basis differences reverse. Deferred income taxes arise from temporary differences between the tax basis of assets and liabilities and their reported amounts in the financial statements, which will result in taxable or deductible amounts in the future. In evaluating our ability to realize our deferred tax assets within the jurisdiction from which they arise, we consider all available positive and negative evidence, including scheduled reversals of deferred tax liabilities, projected future taxable income, tax-planning strategies, and results of recent operations. In projecting future taxable income, we begin with historical results and incorporate assumptions about the amount of future state, federal, and foreign pretax operating income adjusted for items that do not have tax consequences. The assumptions about future taxable income require significant judgment and are consistent with the plans and estimates we are using to manage the underlying businesses. In evaluating the objective evidence that historical results provide, we consider recent cumulative income (loss). A valuation allowance is recorded when it is more likely than not that some of the deferred tax assets will not be realized. The Company continued to maintain a full valuation allowance on its federal and state deferred tax amounts as of September 27, 2019. Income tax positions must meet a more likely than not recognition threshold to be recognized. Income tax positions that previously failed to meet the more likely than not threshold are recognized in the first subsequent financial reporting period in which that threshold is met. Previously recognized tax positions that no longer meet the more likely than not threshold are derecognized in the first subsequent financial reporting period in which that threshold is no longer met. The Company recognizes potential accrued interest and penalties related to unrecognized tax benefits within the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations as income tax expense. The calculation of tax liabilities involves significant judgment in estimating the impact of uncertainties in the application of complex tax laws. Resolution of these uncertainties in a manner inconsistent with the Company’s expectations could have a material impact on its results of operations and financial position. Management believes that it has adequately provided for any adjustments that may result from these examinations; however, the outcome of tax audits cannot be predicted with certainty. Revenue Recognition — On December 30, 2017, the Company adopted Topic 606 using the modified retrospective method to value those contracts which were not completed as of December 30, 2017. The adoption of Topic 606 did not have a material effect on the Company’s financial position or results of operations. Revenue is recognized when control of the promised goods or services is transferred to the Company’s customers, in an amount that reflects the consideration the Company expects to be entitled to in exchange for those goods or services. The Company assesses collectability based on the credit worthiness of the customer and past transaction history. The Company performs on-going credit evaluations of customers and generally does not require collateral from customers. Research and Development Costs — Research and development costs are expensed as incurred. Stock-Based Compensation Expense — The Company maintains stock-based compensation plans which allow for the issuance of equity-based awards to executives and certain employees. These equity-based awards include stock options, restricted stock awards and restricted stock units. The Company also maintains an employee stock purchase plan (“ESPP”) that provides for the issuance of shares to all eligible employees of the Company at a discounted price. Net Income per Share — Basic net income per share is computed by dividing net income by the weighted average number of shares outstanding for the period. Diluted net income per share is calculated by dividing net income by the weighted average number of common shares outstanding and common equivalent shares from dilutive stock options and restricted stock using the treasury stock method, except when such shares are anti-dilutive. See Note 14 to the Company’s Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements. Business Combinations — The Company recognizes assets acquired (including goodwill and identifiable intangible assets) and liabilities assumed, and noncontrolling interests, if any, at fair value on the acquisition date. Subsequent changes to the fair value of such assets acquired and liabilities assumed are recognized in earnings, after the expiration of the measurement period, a period not to exceed 12 months from the acquisition date. Acquisition-related expenses and acquisition-related restructuring costs are recognized in earnings in the period in which they are incurred. Results of operations and cash flows of acquired companies are included in the Company’s operating results from the date of acquisition. Noncontrolling interests — Noncontrolling interests are recognized to reflect the portion of the equity of the majority-owned subsidiaries which is not attributable, directly or indirectly, to the controlling stockholder. Through the acquisition of QGT in August 2018, the Company’s consolidated entities include partially-owned entities. These partially-owned entities are (1) Cinos Co., Ltd (“Cinos”), a South Korean company that provides outsourced cleaning and recycling of precision parts for the semiconductor industry through its operating facilities in South Korea, 86.0% of whose equity interests the Company is obligated to purchase and whose results the Company consolidates and (2) Cinos Xian Clean Technology, Ltd. (“Cinos China”), a Chinese entity that is 60.0% owned by Cinos,. The interest held by others in Cinos and in Cinos China are presented as noncontrolling interests in the accompanying Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements. The noncontrolling interest will continue to be attributed its share of gains and losses even if that attribution results in a deficit noncontrolling interest balance. Recently Adopted Accounting Pronouncements Beginning fiscal 2019, the Company adopted Accounting Standards Update (“ASU”) No. 2016-02, "Leases (Topic 842)" and as part of that process the Company made the following elections:
•
The Company did not elect to use hindsight for transition when considering judgments and estimates such as assessments of lessee options to extend or terminate a lease or purchase the underlying asset.
•
For all asset classes, the Company elected to not recognize a right-of-use asset and lease liability for leases with a term of 12 months or less.
•
For all asset classes, the Company elected to not separate non-lease components from lease components to which they relate and have accounted for the combined lease and non-lease components as a single lease component.
•
In March 2018, the FASB approved an optional transition method that allows companies to use the effective date as the date of initial application on transition. The Company elected this transition method, and as a result, will not adjust its comparative period financial information or make the newly required lease disclosures for periods before the effective date. The Company determines if an arrangement is a lease at inception. Operating leases are included in the consolidated condensed balance sheet as right-of-use assets from operating leases, current operating lease liabilities and long-term operating lease liabilities. Finance leases are included in property, plant and equipment, current other liabilities and other non-current liabilities in the consolidated condensed balance sheet. Most of the Company’s lease agreements contain renewal options; however, the Company did not recognize right-of-use assets or lease liabilities for renewal periods unless it is determined that we are reasonably certain of renewing the lease at inception or when a triggering event occurs. Some of the Company’s lease agreements contain rent escalation clauses, rent holidays, capital improvement funding or other lease concessions. The Company recognizes minimum rental expense on a straight-line basis based on the fixed components of a lease arrangement. The Company amortizes this expense over the term of the lease beginning with the date of initial possession, which is the date the Company enters the leased space and begins to make improvements in preparation for its intended use. Variable lease components represent amounts that are not fixed in nature and are not tied to an index or rate, and are recognized as incurred. In determining right-of-use assets and lease liabilities, the Company applied a discount rate to the minimum lease payments within each lease agreement. Accounting Standards Codification (“ For additional information on the required disclosures related to the impact of adopting this standard, see Note 13 to the consolidated condensed financial statements. Adoption of the new standard resulted in the recording of operating lease right of use assets and lease liabilities at the beginning of 2019 of $35.7 million and $38.5 million, respectively, with the difference due to deferred rent that was reclassified to the right-of-use asset value. All other Accounting Standard Not Yet Adopted In August 2018, the FASB issued authoritative guidance that eliminates, amends, and adds disclosure requirements for fair value measurements. While the amended and new disclosure requirements primarily relate to Level 3 fair value measurements, the authoritative guidance also eliminates disclosure requirements related to the amount and reasons for transfer between Level 1 and Level 2 of fair value hierarchy, policy for timing of transfer between levels, and the valuation processes for Level 3 fair value measurements. The authoritative guidance will be effective in the first quarter of fiscal 2020. Early adoption is permitted only for the removal and amendment of certain disclosures, while the new disclosures requirements are to be applied prospectively. The Company is currently evaluating the effect of this new guidance on Company’s Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements. |
