Loans and Allowance For Loan Losses | Note 5 - Loans and allowance for loan losses The allowance represents an amount that, in management ’ s judgment, will be adequate to absorb any losses on existing loans that may become uncollectible. Management ’ s judgment in determining the level of the allowance is based on evaluations of the collectability of loans while taking into consideration such factors as trends in delinquencies and charge-offs, changes in the nature and volume of the loan portfolio, current economic conditions that may affect a borrower ’ s ability to repay and the value of collateral, overall portfolio quality and review of specific potential losses. This evaluation is inherently subjective, as it requires estimates that are susceptible to significant revision as more information becomes available. Management has an established methodology used to determine the adequacy of the allowance for loan losses that assesses the risks and losses inherent in the loan portfolio. For purposes of determining the allowance for loan losses, the Bank has segmented certain loans in the portfolio by product type. Within these segments, the Bank has sub-segmented its portfolio by classes within the segments, based on the associated risks within these classes. The classifications set forth below do not correspond directly to the classifications set forth in the call report (Form FFIEC 041). Management has determined that the classifications set forth below are more appropriate for use in identifying and managing risk in the loan portfolio. Loan Segments: Loan Classes: Commercial Commercial and industrial loans Commercial real estate Commercial mortgages – owner occupied Commercial mortgages – non-owner occupied Commercial construction Consumer Consumer unsecured Consumer secured Residential Residential mortgages Residential consumer construction Note 5 - Loans and allowance for loan losses (continued) The evaluation also considers the following risk characteristics of each loan segment : · Commercial loans carry risks associated with the successful operation of a business because the repayment of these loans may be dependent upon the profitability and cash flows of the business or project. In addition, there is risk associated with the value of collateral other than real estate which may depreciate over time and cannot be appraised with as much precision. · Commercial real estate loans carry risks associated with a real estate project and other risks associated with the ownership of real estate. In addition, for real estate construction loans there is a risk that the project will not be finished according to schedule, the project will not be finished according to budget and the value of the collateral may, at any point in time, be less than the principal amount of the loan. Construction loans also bear the risk that the general contractor, who may or may not be a loan customer, may be unable to finish the construction project as planned because of financial pressure unrelated to the project. · Consumer loans carry risks associated with the continued credit-worthiness of the borrower and the value of the collateral (e.g., rapidly-depreciating assets such as automobiles), or lack thereof. Consumer loans are more likely than real estate loans to be immediately adversely affected by job loss, divorce, illness or personal bankruptcy. Unsecured consumer loans carry additional risks associated with the continued credit-worthiness of borrowers who may be unable to meet payment obligations. · Residential mortgage and construction loans carry risks associated with the continued credit-worthiness of the borrower and changes in the value of the collateral. Equity lines of credit carry risks associated with the continued credit-worthiness of the borrower and changes in the value of the collateral. The Bank ’ s internal risk rating system is in place to grade commercial and commercial real estate loans. Category ratings are reviewed periodically by lenders and the credit review area of the Bank based on the borrower ’ s individual situation. Additionally, internal and external monitoring and review of credits are conducted on an annual basis. Below is a summary and definition of the Bank ’ s risk rating categories: RATING 1 Excellent RATING 2 Above Average RATING 3 Satisfactory RATING 4 Acceptable / Low Satisfactory RATING 5 Monitor RATING 6 Special Mention RATING 7 Substandard RATING 8 Doubtful RATING 9 Loss Based on the above criteria, we segregate loans into the above categories for special mention, substandard, doubtful and loss from non-classified, or pass rated, loans. We review the characteristics of each rating at least annually, generally during the first quarter. The characteristics of these ratings are as follows: Note 5 - Loans and allowance for loan losses (continued) · “ Pass. ” These are loans having risk ratings of 1 through 4. Pass loans are to persons or business entities with an acceptable financial condition, appropriate collateral margins, appropriate cash flow to service the existing loan, and an appropriate leverage ratio. The borrower has paid all obligations as agreed and it is expected that this type of payment history will continue. When necessary, acceptable personal guarantors support the loan. · “ Monitor. ” These are loans having a risk rating of 5. Monitor loans have currently acceptable risk but may have the potential for a specific defined weakness in the borrower ’ s operations and the borrower ’ s ability to generate positive cash flow on a sustained basis. The borrower ’ s recent payment history may currently or in the future be characterized by late payments. The Bank ’ s risk exposure is mitigated by collateral supporting the loan. The collateral is considered to be well-margined, well maintained, accessible and readily marketable. · “ Special Mention. ” These are loans having a risk rating of 6. Special Mention loans have weaknesses that deserve management ’ s close attention. If left uncorrected, these potential weaknesses may result in deterioration of the repayment prospects for the asset or in the Bank ’ s credit position at some future date. Special Mention loans are not adversely classified and do not expose an institution to sufficient risk to warrant adverse classification. These loans do warrant more than routine monitoring due to a weakness caused by adverse events. · “ Substandard. ” These are loans having a risk rating of 7. Substandard loans are considered to have specific and well-defined weaknesses that jeopardize the viability of the Bank ’ s credit extension. The payment history for the loan has been inconsistent and the expected or projected primary repayment source may be inadequate to service the loan. The estimated net liquidation value of the collateral pledged and/or ability of the personal guarantor(s) to pay the loan may not adequately protect the Bank. There is a distinct possibility that the Bank will sustain some loss if the deficiencies associated with the loan are not corrected in the near term. A substandard loan would not automatically meet our definition of impaired unless the loan is significantly past due and the borrower ’ s performance and financial condition provide evidence that it is probable that the Bank will be unable to collect all amounts due. · “ Doubtful. ” These are loans having a risk rating of 8. Doubtful rated loans have all the weaknesses inherent in a loan that is classified substandard but with the added characteristic that the weaknesses make collection or liquidation in full, on the basis of currently existing facts, conditions, and values, highly questionable and improbable. The p ossibility of loss is high. · “ Loss. ” These are loans having a risk rating of 9. Loss rated loans are not considered collectible under normal circumstances and there is no realistic expectation for any future payment on the loan. Loss rated loans are fully charged off. Note 5 - Loans and allowance for loan losses (continued) The Bank grants primarily commercial, real estate, and installment loans to customers throughout its market area, which consists primarily of Region 2000 which includes the counties of Amherst, Appomattox, Bedford and Campbell and the cities of Bedford and Lynchburg, Virginia. The real estate portfolio can be affected by the condition of the local real estate market. The commercial and installment loan portfolio can be affected by the local economic conditions. A summary of loans, net is as follows: December 31, 201 5 201 4 Commercial $76,773 $63,259 Commercial real estate 217,125 207,262 Consumer 81,531 76,380 Residential 59,699 52,462 Total loans (1) 435,128 399,363 Less allowance for loan losses 4,683 4,790 Net loans $430,445 $394,573 (1) Includes net deferred loan costs of $263 and $330 , respectively. The amount of overdrafts reclassified as loans was $ 17 an d $ 12 as of December 31, 201 5 and 201 4 , respectively. The Company’s officers, directors and their related interests have various types of loan relationships with the Bank. The total outstanding balances of these related party loans at December 31, 2015 and 2014 were $ 16,068 an d $ 17,339 respectively. During 2015, new loans and advances amounted to $2,252 and repayments amounted to $ 3,523 . It should be noted that the beginning balance as of December 31, 2014 was adjusted upward to account for the existing loan relationships maintained by the related interests of a new director appointed during 2015. Note 5 - Loans and allowance for loan losses (continued) The following tables set forth information regarding impaired and non-accrual loans as of December 31, 201 5 and 201 4 : Loans on Non-Accrual Status As of December 31, 201 5 201 4 Comm ercial $483 $1,965 Commercial Real Estate: Commercial Mortgages-Owner Occupied 799 212 Commercial Mortgages-Non-Owner Occupied 514 70 Commercial Construction 367 460 Consumer Consumer Unsecured 31 - Consumer Secured 269 20 Residential: Residential Mortgages 695 689 Residential Consumer Construction 248 90 Totals $3,406 $3,506 Note 5 - Loans and allowance for loan losses (continued) Impaired Loans As of and for the Year Ended December 31, 2015 Unpaid Average Interest Recorded Principal Related Recorded Income 2015 Investment Balance Allowance Investment Recognized With No Related Allowance Recorded: Commercial $ - $ - $ - $ 1,009 $ - Commercial Real Estate Commercial Mortgages-Owner Occupied 3,082 3,100 - 2,959 174 Commercial Mortgage Non-Owner Occupied 177 177 - 628 12 Commercial Construction 27 514 - 244 - Consumer Consumer Unsecured - - - - - Consumer Secured 20 20 - 21 1 Residential Residential Mortgages 1,997 2,027 - 1,466 86 Residential Consumer Construction 171 176 - 86 4 With an Allowance Recorded: Commercial $ 1,180 $ 1,256 $ 6100 $ 1,293 $ 38 Commercial Real Estate Commercial Mortgages-Owner Occupied 877 883 163 865 35 Commercial Mortgage Non-Owner Occupied 672 738 175 399 38 Commercial Construction 340 700 75 170 - Consumer Consumer Unsecured 31 32 31 16 1 Consumer Secured 190 193 153 155 10 Residential Residential Mortgages 650 800 87 740 42 Residential Consumer Construction - - - - - Totals: Commercial $ 1,180 $ 1,256 $ 610 $ 2,302 $ 38 Commercial Real Estate Commercial Mortgages-Owner Occupied 3,959 3,983 163 3,824 209 Commercial Mortgage Non-Owner Occupied 849 915 175 1,027 50 Commercial Construction 367 1,214 75 414 - Consumer Consumer Unsecured 31 32 31 16 1 Consumer Secured 210 213 153 176 11 Residential Residential Mortgages 2,647 2,827 87 2,206 128 Residential Consumer Construction 171 176 - 86 4 $ 9,414 $ 10,616 $ 1,294 $ 10,051 $ 441 Note 5 - Loans and allowance for loan losses (continued) Impaired Loans As of and for the Year Ended December 31, 201 4 2014 Recorded Investment Unpaid Principal Balance Related Allowance Average Recorded Investment Interest Income Recognized With No Related Allowance Recorded: Commercial $2,017 $2,280 $ - $2,641 $63 Commercial Real Estate Commercial Mortgages-Owner Occupied 2,835 2,835 - 1,687 152 Commercial Mortgage Non-Owner Occupied 1,078 1,128 - 1,041 75 Commercial Construction 460 1,194 - 606 - Consumer Consumer Unsecured - - - - - Consumer Secured 21 21 - 21 1 Residential Residential Mortgages 934 1,058 - 702 58 Residential Consumer Construction - - - - - With An Allowance Recorded: Commercial $1,406 $1,861 $713 $990 $29 Commercial Real Estate Commercial Mortgages-Owner Occupied 852 1,029 63 1,636 36 Commercial Mortgage Non-Owner Occupied 126 126 32 173 7 Commercial Construction - - - - - Consumer Consumer Unsecured - - - - - Consumer Secured 119 119 119 80 7 Residential Residential Mortgages 829 968 131 1,257 52 Residential Consumer Construction - - - - - Totals: Commercial $3,423 $4,141 $713 $3,631 $92 Commercial Real Estate Commercial Mortgages-Owner Occupied 3,687 3,864 63 3,323 188 Commercial Mortgage Non-Owner Occupied 1,204 1,254 32 1,214 82 Commercial Construction 460 1,194 - 606 - Consumer Consumer Unsecured - - - - - Consumer Secured 140 140 119 101 8 Residential Residential Mortgages 1,763 2,026 131 1,959 110 Residential Consumer Construction - - - - - $10,677 $12,619 $1,058 $10,834 $480 Note 5 - Loans and allowance for loan losses (continued) Changes in Allowance Methodology Beginning with the quarter ended December 31, 2014, the Company changed its methodology for determining the historical loss portion of general reserves assigned to unimpaired credits. In prior periods, a rolling three year historical “look-back” period was utilized in the determination of historical loss rates to apply to the segments of the loan portfolio in the determination of general reserves. At December 31, 2014, the Company changed this period to a four year rolling historical “look-back” period. The Company believes the expanded four year “look-back” period is more indicative of the losses and risks inherent in the portfolio, given the ongoing economic cycle and as the Bank expands into new markets. The following table represents the effect on the loan loss provision for the year ended December 31, 2014 as a result of the change in allowance methodology from that used in prior periods. Portfolio Segment : Calculated Provision Based on Current Methodology Calculated Provision Based on Prior Methodology Difference Commercial $334 $234 $100 Commercial Real Estate (260) (1,006) 746 Consumer (83) (259) 176 Residential 64 41 23 Total $55 $(990) $1,045 Note 5 - Loans and allowance for loan losses (continued) The following tables set forth the allowance for loan losses activity for the years ended December 31, 201 5 and 201 4 : Allowance for Loan Losses and Recorded Investment in Loans For the Year Ended December 31, 201 5 Commercial 2015 Commercial Real Estate Consumer Residential Total Allowance for Loan Losses: Beginning Balance $1,235 $2,194 $812 $549 $4,790 Charge-offs (294) (64) (257) - (615) Recoveries 14 122 54 36 226 Provision 240 (501) 464 79 282 Ending Balance $1,195 $1,751 $1,073 $664 $4,683 Ending Balance: Individually evaluated for impairment $610 $413 $184 $87 $1,294 Ending Balance: Collectively evaluated for impairment 585 1,338 889 577 3,389 Totals: $1,195 $1,751 $1,073 $664 $4,683 Loans: Ending Balance: Individually evaluated for impairment $1,180 $5,175 $241 $2,818 $9,414 Ending Balance: Collectively evaluated for impairment 75,593 211,950 81,290 56,881 425,714 Totals: $76,773 $217,125 $81,531 $59,699 $435,128 Note 5 - Loans and allowance for loan losses (continued) Allowance for Loan Losses and Recorded Investment in Loans For the Year Ended December 31, 201 4 Commercial 2014 Commercial Real Estate Consumer Residential Total Allowance for Loan Losses: Beginning Balance $1,015 $2,631 $935 $605 $5,186 Charge-offs (165) (187) (79) (120) (551) Recoveries 51 10 39 - 100 Provision 334 (260) (83) 64 55 Ending Balance $1,235 $2,194 $812 $549 $4,790 Ending Balance: Individually evaluated for impairment $713 $95 $119 $131 $1,058 Ending Balance: Collectively evaluated for impairment 522 2,099 693 418 3,732 Totals: $1,235 $2,194 $812 $549 $4,790 Loans: Ending Balance: Individually evaluated for impairment $3,423 $5,351 $140 $1,763 $10,677 Ending Balance: Collectively evaluated for impairment 59,386 201,911 76,240 50,699 388,686 Totals: $63,259 $207,262 $76,380 $52,462 $399,363 Note 5 - Loans and allowance for loan losses (continued) Age Analysis of Past Due Loans as of December 31, 201 5 2015 30-59 Days Past Due 60-89 Days Past Due Greater than 90 Days Total Past Due Current Total Loans Recorded Investment > 90 Days & Accruing Commercial $ - $244 $483 $727 $76,046 $76,773 $ - Commercial Real Estate: Commercial Mortgages-Owner Occupied 425 571 426 1,422 75,549 76,971 - Commercial Mortgages-Non-Owner Occupied 189 90 438 717 126,138 126,855 - Commercial Construction - - 367 367 12,932 13,299 - Consumer: Consumer Unsecured 2 - 31 33 6,828 6,861 - Consumer Secured 198 68 128 394 74,276 74,670 - Residential: Residential Mortgages 512 468 543 1,523 48,490 50,013 - Residential Consumer Construction - - 248 248 9,438 9,686 - Total $1,326 $1,441 $2,664 $5,431 $429,697 $435,128 $ - Age Analysis of Past Due Loans as of December 31, 201 4 2014 30-59 Days Past Due 60-89 Days Past Due Greater than 90 Days Total Past Due Current Total Loans Recorded Investment > 90 Days & Accruing Commercial $21 $80 $1,965 $2,066 $61,193 $63,259 $ - Commercial Real Estate: Commercial Mortgages-Owner Occupied 192 - 212 404 77,304 77,708 - Commercial Mortgages-Non-Owner Occupied 86 - 70 156 119,019 119,175 - Commercial Construction - - 460 460 9,919 10,379 - Consumer: Consumer Unsecured 11 - - 11 5,749 5,760 - Consumer Secured 15 - - 15 70,605 70,620 - Residential: Residential Mortgages 626 48 525 1,199 43,745 44,944 - Residential Consumer Construction 29 - - 29 7,489 7,518 - Total $980 $128 $3,232 $4,340 $395,023 $399,363 $ - Note 5 - Loans and allowance for loan losses (continued) Credit Quality Information - by Class December 31, 201 5 2015 Pass Monitor Special Substandard Doubtful Totals Mention Commercial $73,831 $290 $1,457 $1,195 $ - $76,773 Commercial Real Estate: Commercial Mortgages-Owner Occupied 68,813 1,353 2,801 4,004 - 76,971 Commercial Mortgages-Non-Owner Occupied 120,462 1,558 3,895 940 - 126,855 Commercial Construction 12,932 - - 367 - 13,299 Consumer Consumer Unsecured 6,830 - - 31 - 6,861 Consumer Secured 73,825 276 50 519 - 74,670 Residential: Residential Mortgages 47,180 - - 2,833 - 50,013 Residential Consumer Construction 9,438 - - 248 - 9,686 Totals $413,311 $3,477 $8,203 $10,137 $ - $435,128 Credit Quality Information - by Class December 31, 201 4 2014 Pass Monitor Special Substandard Doubtful Totals Mention Commercial $58,745 $725 $224 $3,565 $ - $63,259 Commercial Real Estate: Commercial Mortgages-Owner Occupied 71,087 1,718 1,216 3,687 - 77,708 Commercial Mortgages-Non-Owner Occupied 112,560 1,586 3,971 1,058 - 119,175 Commercial Construction 9,919 - - 460 - 10,379 Consumer Consumer Unsecured 5,673 - - 87 - 5,760 Consumer Secured 69,527 554 136 403 - 70,620 Residential: Residential Mortgages 41,578 1,258 120 1,988 - 44,944 Residential Consumer Construction 7,428 - - 90 - 7,518 Totals $376,517 $5,841 $5,667 $11,338 $ - $399,363 Note 5 - Loans and allowance for loan losses (continued) Troubled Debt Restructurings (TDRs) The following tables describe the loan modifications classified as TDRs during the twelve months ended December 31, 2015: For the Twelve Months Ended December 31, 2015 ( dollars in thousands) Troubled Debt Restructurings During the Period Number of Contracts Pre-Modification Outstanding Recorded Investment Post-Modification Outstanding Recorded Investment Commercial 1 $21 $21 Commercial Real Estate 2 $456 $456 There were no loan modifications that would have been classified as Troubled Debt Restructurings (TDR) during the twelve months ended December 31, 2014. The loans noted in the table above were modified during the periods to extend maturity only. These loans are factored into the determination of the allowance for loan losses as of the period indicated and are included in the Bank’s impaired loan analysis and individually evaluated for impairment. At December 31, 2015 and December 31, 2014, the Bank had no outstanding commitments to disburse additional funds on loans classified as TDRs. There were no loan modifications classified as TDRs within the last twelve months that defaulted (90 days past due) during the twelve months ended December 31, 2015 and 2014. |