Loans and Allowance for Loan Losses | Note 4: Loans and Allowance for Loan Losses The following table presents the balance of each major product type within the Company’s portfolio as of the dates indicated. Schedule of Loan Portfolio (in thousands) 2021 2020 Real estate: Commercial $ 1,586,232 $ 1,002,497 Commercial land and development 7,376 10,600 Commercial construction 54,214 91,760 Residential construction 7,388 11,914 Residential 28,562 30,431 Farmland 54,805 50,164 Commercial: Secured 137,062 138,676 Unsecured 21,136 17,526 Paycheck Protection Program (“PPP”) 22,124 147,965 Consumer and other 17,167 4,921 Subtotal 1,936,066 1,506,454 Less: Net deferred loan fees 1,606 3,295 Less: Allowance for loan losses 23,243 22,189 Total loans, net $ 1,911,217 $ 1,480,970 Allowance for Loan Losses Management has an established methodology to determine the adequacy of the allowance for loan losses that assesses the risks and losses inherent in the loan portfolio. For purposes of determining the allowance for loan losses, the Bank has segmented certain loans in the portfolio by product type. Loans are segmented into the following pools: commercial, real estate, and consumer. The Company further sub-divides these segments into classes based on the associated risks within those segments. Commercial loans are divided into the following two classes: unsecured and secured loans. Real estate loans are divided into the following six classes: commercial real estate, commercial land and development, commercial construction, residential construction, residential real estate, and farmland. For each class of loans, management exercises significant judgment to determine the estimation method that fits the credit risk characteristics of its portfolio segment. The Company uses an internally developed model in this process. Management must use judgment in establishing additional input metrics for the modeling processes. The models and assumptions used to determine the allowance are independently validated and reviewed, at least annually, to ensure that their theoretical foundation, assumptions, data integrity, computational processes, reporting practices, and end-user controls are appropriate and properly documented. CARES Act and PPP Loans Pursuant to the CARES Act, which was passed in March 2020, the Company funded over 1,500 loans to eligible small businesses and non-profit organizations who participated in the PPP administered by the SBA. PPP loans have terms of two or five years and earn interest at 1.00%. In addition, the Bank received a fee of 1.00% to 5.00% from the SBA depending on the loan amount, which was netted with loan origination costs and amortized into interest income under the effective yield method over the contractual life of the loan. The recognition of fees and costs is accelerated when the loan is forgiven by the SBA and/or paid off prior to maturity. PPP loans are fully guaranteed by the SBA and are expected to be forgiven by the SBA if they meet the requirements of the program. The balance of PPP loans at December 31, 2021 and 2020 was $ 22,124,000 147,965,000 The CARES Act also required the SBA to make payments on new and existing 7(a) loans for a period of six months. These were not deferments but rather full payments of principal and interest for which the borrower will not be responsible for in the future. As of December 31, 2021 and 2020, the principal outstanding on loans receiving one or more of these payments under the CARES Act was $ 46,601,000 51,237,000 Underwriting Commercial loans Real estate loans Construction loans Residential real estate loans Farmland loans Consumer loans Concentrations The Company’s customers are primarily located in the Greater Sacramento and North Valley regions of California. As of December 31, 2021, approximately 90% of the Company’s loans were real estate related, 9% were commercial, and less than 1% were consumer. Credit Quality Indicators The Company has established a loan risk rating system to measure and monitor the quality of the loan portfolio. All loans are assigned a risk rating from the inception of the loan until the loan is paid off. The primary loan grades are as follows: Loans rated pass Loans rated watch Loans rated substandard Loans rated doubtful The following table summarizes the credit quality indicators related to the Company’s loans by class as of December 31, 2021: Schedule of Loan by credit quality (in thousands) Pass Watch Substandard Doubtful Total Real estate: Commercial $ 1,575,006 $ 1,970 $ 9,256 $ — $ 1,586,232 Commercial land and development 7,376 — — — 7,376 Commercial construction 48,288 5,926 — — 54,214 Residential construction 7,388 — — — 7,388 Residential 28,384 — 178 — 28,562 Farmland 54,805 — — — 54,805 Commercial: Secured 135,131 751 1,180 — 137,062 Unsecured 21,136 — — — 21,136 PPP 22,124 — — — 22,124 Consumer 17,167 — — — 17,167 Total $ 1,916,805 $ 8,647 $ 10,614 $ — $ 1,936,066 The following table summarizes the credit quality indicators related to the Company’s loans by class as of December 31, 2020: (in thousands) Pass Watch Substandard Doubtful Total Real estate: Commercial $ 950,118 $ 16,836 $ 35,543 $ — $ 1,002,497 Commercial land and development 10,600 — — — 10,600 Commercial construction 85,860 5,900 — — 91,760 Residential construction 11,914 — — — 11,914 Residential 30,248 — 183 — 30,431 Farmland 50,164 — — — 50,164 Commercial: Secured 136,992 1,552 132 — 138,676 Unsecured 17,526 — — — 17,526 PPP 147,965 — — — 147,965 Consumer 4,921 — — — 4,921 Total $ 1,446,308 $ 24,288 $ 35,858 $ — $ 1,506,454 Management regularly reviews the Company’s loans for accuracy of risk grades whenever new information is received. Borrowers are generally required to submit financial information at regular intervals. Typically, commercial borrowers with lines of credit are required to submit financial information with reporting intervals ranging from monthly to annually depending on credit size, risk, and complexity. In addition, investor commercial real estate borrowers with loans exceeding a certain dollar threshold are usually required to submit rent rolls or property income statements annually. Management monitors construction loans monthly and reviews other consumer loans based on delinquency. Management also reviews loans graded “watch” or worse, regardless of loan type, no less than quarterly. The age analysis of past due loans by class as of December 31, 2021 consisted of the following: Schedule of Age Analysis of Past Due Loan Past Due (in thousands) 30-89 Days Greater Than 90 Days Total Past Due Current Total Loans Receivable Real estate: Commercial $ — $ — $ — $ 1,586,232 $ 1,586,232 Commercial land and development — — — 7,376 7,376 Commercial construction — — — 54,214 54,214 Residential construction — — — 7,388 7,388 Residential — — — 28,562 28,562 Farmland — — — 54,805 54,805 Commercial: Secured — — — 137,062 137,062 Unsecured — — — 21,136 21,136 PPP — — — 22,124 22,124 Consumer and other 334 — 334 16,833 17,167 Total loans $ 334 $ — $ 334 $ 1,935,732 $ 1,936,066 There were no loans between 60-89 days past due, nor any loans greater than 90 days past due and still accruing as of December 31, 2021. The age analysis of past due loans by class as of December 31, 2020 consisted of the following: Past Due (in thousands) 30-89 Days Greater Than 90 Days Total Past Due Current Total Loans Receivable Real estate: Commercial $ — $ — $ — $ 1,002,497 $ 1,002,497 Commercial land and development — — — 10,600 10,600 Commercial construction — — — 91,760 91,760 Residential construction — — — 11,914 11,914 Residential — — — 30,431 30,431 Farmland — — — 50,164 50,164 Commercial: Secured — — — 138,676 138,676 Unsecured — — — 17,526 17,526 PPP — — — 147,965 147,965 Consumer and other 137 — 137 4,784 4,921 Total loans $ 137 $ — $ 137 $ 1,506,317 $ 1,506,454 There were no loans between 60-89 days past due nor any loans greater than 90 days past due and still accruing as of December 31, 2020. Impaired Loans Information related to impaired loans as of December 31, 2021 and 2020 consisted of the following: Schedule of Impaired Loans by class of Loans (in thousands) Recorded Unpaid Related Average Interest 2021 Real estate: Commercial $ 122 $ 122 $ — $ 130 $ — Residential 178 178 — 181 — Commercial: Secured 288 288 172 306 — Total impaired loans $ 588 $ 588 $ 172 $ 617 $ — 2020 Real estate: Commercial $ 137 $ 137 $ — $ 69 $ — Residential 183 183 — 92 — Commercial: Secured 132 132 — 65 — Total impaired loans $ 452 $ 452 $ — $ 226 $ — No collateral dependent loans were in process of foreclosure at December 31, 2021 or 2020. In addition, the weighted average loan-to-value of impaired, collateral dependent loans was approximately 70.67% and 50.51% at December 31, 2021 and 2020, respectively. Non-accrual loans, segregated by class, are as follows as of December 31, 2021 and 2020: Schedule of Nonaccural Loans, segregated by class (in thousands) 2021 2020 Real estate: Commercial $ 122 $ 137 Residential 178 183 Commercial: Secured 288 132 Total non-accrual loans $ 588 $ 452 The amount of foregone interest income related to non-accrual loans was $ 33,000 35,000 Troubled Debt Restructuring The Companys loan portfolio may include certain loans that have been modified in a TDR, which are loans for which concessions in terms have been granted because of the borrowers financial difficulties. These concessions typically result from the Companys loss mitigation activities and could include reductions in the interest rate, payment extensions, forgiveness of principal, forbearance, or other actions. Certain TDRs are placed on non-accrual status at the time of restructure and may only be returned to accruing status after considering the borrowers sustained repayment performance for a reasonable period, generally six months. When a loan is modified, it is measured based upon the present value of future cash flows discounted at the effective interest rate of the original loan agreement or the fair value of collateral less selling costs if the loan is collateral dependent. If the value of the modified loan is less than the recorded investment in the loan, impairment is recognized through a specific allowance or a charge-off of the loan. There were no loans outstanding with a TDR designation at December 31, 2021 or 2020. The CARES Act, as amended, specified that to be eligible not to be considered a TDR, a loan modification must be (i) related to the COVID-19 pandemic; (ii) executed on a loan that was not more than 30 days past due as of December 31, 2019; and (iii) executed between March 1, 2020, and the earlier of: (i) 60 days after the date of termination of the federal national emergency; or (ii) January 1, 2022. The Company elected to apply the temporary accounting relief provisions for loan modifications that met certain criteria, which would otherwise be designated TDRs under existing GAAP. As of December 31, 2021, six borrowing relationships with six loans totaling $12,156,000 were continuing to benefit from payment relief. The Company accrues and recognizes interest income on loans under payment relief based on the original contractual interest rates. When payments resume at the end of the relief period, the payments will generally be applied to accrued interest due until accrued interest is fully paid. The following table discloses activity in the allowance for loan losses for the periods presented. Schedule of activity in the allowance for loan losses Real Estate Commercial (in thousands) Comml Comml Comml Resid Resid Farm- Secured Unsec PPP Consu Unal Total 2021 Beginning balance $ 9,358 $ 77 $ 821 $ 87 $ 220 $ 615 $ 9,476 $ 179 $ — $ 632 $ 724 $ 22,189 Charge-offs — — — — — — (822 ) — — (321 ) — (1,143 ) Recoveries — — — — — — 263 — — 234 — 497 Provision (recapture) 3,511 (27 ) (450 ) (37 ) (28 ) 30 (2,058 ) 28 — 344 387 1,700 Ending balance $ 12,869 $ 50 $ 371 $ 50 $ 192 $ 645 $ 6,859 $ 207 $ — $ 889 $ 1,111 $ 23,243 2020 Beginning balance $ 6,331 $ 109 $ 661 $ 116 $ 224 $ 1,382 $ 4,976 $ 88 $ — $ 601 $ 427 $ 14,915 Charge-offs — — — — — — (1,604 ) — — (559 ) — (2,163 ) Recoveries — — — — 90 — 176 — — 171 — 437 Provision (recapture) 3,027 (32 ) 160 (29 ) (94 ) (767 ) 5,928 91 — 419 297 9,000 Ending balance $ 9,358 $ 77 $ 821 $ 87 $ 220 $ 615 $ 9,476 $ 179 $ — $ 632 $ 724 $ 22,189 The following table summarizes the allocation of the allowance for loan losses by impairment methodology for the periods presented. Real Estate Commercial (in thousands) Comml Comml Comml Resid Resid Farm- Secured Unsec PPP Consu Unal Total 2021 Ending allowance balance allocated to: Loans individually evaluated for impairment $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — $ 172 $ — $ — $ — $ — $ 172 Loans collectively evaluated for impairment 12,869 50 371 50 192 645 6,687 207 — 889 1,111 23,071 Ending balance $ 12,869 $ 50 $ 371 $ 50 $ 192 $ 645 $ 6,859 $ 207 $ — $ 889 $ 1,111 $ 23,243 Loans: Ending balance individually evaluated for impairment $ 122 $ — $ — $ — $ 178 $ — $ 288 $ — $ — $ — $ — $ 588 Ending balance collectively evaluated for impairment 1,586,110 7,376 54,214 7,388 28,384 54,805 136,774 21,136 22,124 17,167 — 1,935,478 Ending balance $ 1,586,232 $ 7,376 $ 54,214 $ 7,388 $ 28,562 $ 54,805 $ 137,062 $ 21,136 $ 22,124 $ 17,167 $ — $ 1,936,066 2020 Ending allowance balance allocated to: Loans individually evaluated for impairment $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — Loans collectively evaluated for impairment 9,358 77 821 87 220 615 9,476 179 — 632 724 22,189 Ending balance $ 9,358 $ 77 $ 821 $ 87 $ 220 $ 615 $ 9,476 $ 179 $ — $ 632 $ 724 $ 22,189 Loans: Ending balance individually evaluated for impairment $ 137 $ — $ — $ — $ 183 $ — $ 132 $ — $ — $ — $ — $ 452 Ending balance collectively evaluated for impairment 1,002,360 10,600 91,760 11,914 30,248 50,164 138,544 17,526 147,965 4,921 — 1,506,002 Ending balance $ 1,002,497 $ 10,600 $ 91,760 $ 11,914 $ 30,431 $ 50,164 $ 138,676 $ 17,526 $ 147,965 $ 4,921 $ — $ 1,506,454 Pledged Loans The Company’s FHLB line of credit is secured under terms of a collateral agreement by a pledge of certain qualifying loans with unpaid principal balances of $ 941,160,000 1,093,513,000 33,391,000 61,635,000 |