Organization and Significant Accounting Policies | NOTE 1 . ORGANIZATION AND SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES Business Description Bimini Capital Management, Inc., a Maryland corporation (“Bimini Capital” or the “Company”) formed in September 2003, is a holding company. The Company operates in two business segments through its principal wholly-owned operating subsidiaries , Bimini Advisors Holdings, LLC and Royal Palm Capital, LLC. Bimini Advisors Holdings, LLC and its wholly-owned subsidiary, Bimini Advisors, LLC (a registered investment advisor), are collectively referred to as "Bimini Advisors." Bimini Advisors manages a residential mortgage-backed securities (“MBS”) portfo lio for Orchid Island Capital, Inc. ("Orchid") and receives fees for providing these services. Bimini Advisors also manages the MBS portfolio of Royal Palm Capital, LLC. Royal Palm Capital, LLC maintains an investment portfolio, consisting primarily of MB S investments, for its own benefit. Royal Palm Capital, LLC and its wholly-owned subsidiaries are collectively referred to as "Royal Palm." Consolidation The accompanying consolidated financial statements include the accounts of Bimini Capital, Bimini Advisors and Royal Palm. All inter-company accounts and transactions have been eliminated from the consolidated financial statements. Variable Interest Entities (“VIEs”) Financial Accounting Standards Board (the "FASB") Accounting Standards Codification ("ASC") Topic 810, Consolidation, requires the consolidation of a variable interest entity ("VIE") by an enterprise if it is deemed the primary beneficiary of the VIE. Bimini Capital has a common share investment in a trust used in connection with the issuance of Bimini Capital's junior subordinated notes. See Note 8 for a description of the accounting used for this VIE. The Company obtains interests in VIEs through its investments in mortgage-backed securities. The interests in these VIEs are passive in nature and are not expected to result in the Company obtaining a controlling financial interest in these VIEs in the future. As a result, the Company does not consolidate these VIEs a nd accounts for the interest in these VIEs as mortgage-backed securities. See Note 3 for additional information regarding the Company’s investments in mortgage-backed securities. The maximum exposure to loss for these VIEs is the carrying value of th e mortgage-backed securities. Basis of Presentation The accompanying unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements have be en prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States (“GAAP”) for interim financial information and with the instructions to Form 10-Q and Article 8 of Regulation S-X. Accordingly, they may not include all of the in formation and footnotes required by GAAP for complete financial statements. In the opinion of management, all adjustments (consisting of normal recurring accruals) considered necessary for a fair presentation have been included. Operating results fo r the three month period ended March 31, 2019 are not necessarily indicative of the results that may be expected for the year end ing December 31, 2019 . The consolidated balance sheet at December 31, 2018 has been derived from the audited financial st atements at that date but does not include all of the information and footnotes required by GAAP for complete consolidated financial statements. For further information, refer to the financial statements and footnotes thereto included in the Company’s A nn ual R eport on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2018 . Use of Estimates The preparation of financial statements in conformity with GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financia l statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. Actual results could differ from those estimates. Significant estimates affecting the accompanying consolidated financial statements include determining the fair v alues of MBS, investment in Orchid common shares, derivatives and retained interests, determining the amounts of asset valuation allowances, and the computation of the income tax provision or benefit and the deferred tax asset allowances recorded for each accounting period. Statement of Comprehensive Income In accordance with ASC Topic 220, Comprehensive Income , a statement of comprehensive income has not been included as the Company has no items of other comprehensive income (loss) . Comprehensive income (loss) is the same as net income (loss) for all periods presented. Segment Reporting The Company’s operations are classified into two principal reportable segments: the asset management segment and the investment portfolio segment. These segments are evaluated by management in deciding how to allocate resources and in assessing performance. The accounting policies of the operating segments are the same as the Company’s accounting policies with the exception that i nter-segment revenues and expenses are included in the presentation of segment results. For further information see Note 15 . Cash and Cash Equivalents and Restricted Cash Cash and cash equivalents include cash on deposit with financial institutions and highly liquid investments with original maturities of three months or less at the time of purchase. Restricted cash includes cash pledged as collateral for repurchase agreeme nts and derivative instruments. The following table presents the Company’s cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash as of March 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018 . (in thousands) March 31, 2019 December 31, 2018 Cash and cash equivalents $ 5,003,253 $ 4,947,801 Restricted cash 1,783,440 1,292,687 Total cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash $ 6,786,693 $ 6,240,488 The Company maintains cash balances at several banks and excess margin with an exchange clearing member. A t times, balances may exceed federally insured limits. The Company has not experienced any losses related to these balances. The Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation insures eligible account s up to $250,000 per depositor at each financial institution. At March 31, 2019 , the Company’s cash deposits exceeded federally insured limits by approximately $3.7 million. The Company also maintains excess margin in accounts with derivative exchan ges. Restricted cash balances are uninsured, but are held in separate accounts that are segregated from the general funds of the counterparty. The Company limits uninsured balances to only large, well-known bank s and exchange clearing members and believe s that it is not exposed to significant credit risk on cash and cash equivalents or restricted cash balances. Advisory Services Orchid is externally managed and advised by Bimini Advisors pursuant to the terms of a management agreement. Under the terms of the management agreement , Orchid is obligated to pay Bimini Advisors a monthly management fee and a pro rata portion of certain overhead costs and to reimburse the Company for any direct expenses incurred on its behalf . Revenues from management fe es are recognized over the period of time in which the service is performed . Mortgage-Backed Securities The Company invests primarily in mortgage pass-through (“PT”) certificates, collateralized mor tgage obligations (“CMOs”) , and interest- only (“IO”) securities and inverse interest- only (“IIO”) securities representing interest in or obligations backed by pools of mortgage-backed loans. The Company has elected to account for its investment in MBS under the fair value option. Electing the fair value opt ion requires the Company to record changes in fair value in the consolidated statement of operations, which, in management’s view, more appropriately reflects the results of our operations for a particular reporting period and is consistent with the underl ying economics and how the portfolio is managed. The Company records MBS transactions on the trade date. Security purchases that have not settled as of the balance sheet date are included in the MBS balance with an offsetting liability recorded, whereas securit ies sold that have not settled as of the balance sheet date are removed from the MBS balance with an offsetting receivable recorded. The fair value of the Company’s investment in MBS is governed by ASC Topic 820, Fair Value Measurement . Th e definition of fair value in ASC Topic 820 focuses on the price that would be received to sell the asset or paid to transfer the liability in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date. The fair value measurement assumes t hat the transaction to sell the asset or transfer the liability either occurs in the principal market for the asset or liability, or in the absence of a principal market, occurs in the most advantageous market for the asset or liability. Estimated fair val ues for MBS are based on independent pricing sources and/or third-party broker quotes, when available. Income on PT MBS is based on the stated interest rate of the security. Premiums or discounts present at the date of purchase are not amortized. Premiu m lost and discount accretion resulting from monthly principal repayments are reflected in unrealize d gains on MBS in the c ons olidated statements of operations. For IO securities, the income is accrued based on the carrying value and the effective yield. The difference between income accrued and the interest received on the security is characterized as a return of investment and serves to reduce the asset’s carrying value. At each reporting date, the effective yield is adjusted prospectively for future rep orting periods based on the new estimate of prepayments and the contractual terms of the security. For IIO securities, effective yield and income recognition calculations also take into account the index value applicable to the security. Changes in fair value of MBS during each reporting period are recorded in earnings and reported as unrealized gains or losses on mortgage-backed securities in the accompanying consolidated statements of operations. The amount reported as unrealized gains or losses on mort gage backed securities thus captures the net effect of changes in the fair market value of securities caused by market developments and any premium or discount lost as a result of principal repayments during the period. Orchid Island Capital, Inc. Common Stock The Company has elected the fair value option for its investment in Orchid common shares. The change in the fair value of this investment and dividends received on this investment are reflected in the consolidated statements of operations. We estimate the fair value of our investment in Orchid on a market approach using “Level 1” inputs based on the quoted market price of Orchid’s common stock on a national stock exchange. Electing the fair value option requires the Company to record changes in fair value in the consolid ated statement s of operations, which, in management’s view, mo re appropriately reflects the results of our operations for a particular reporting period and is consistent with how the investment is managed. Retained Interests in Securitizations Retained interests in the subordinated tranches of securities created in securitization transactions were initially recorded at their fair value when issued by Royal Palm. Any cash received from the retained interests are reflected in the consolidated stat ement of cash flows. Realized gains and subsequent adjustments to fair value are reflected in the consolidated statements of operations. Derivative Financial Instruments The Company uses derivative instruments to manage interest rate risk, facilitate ass et/liability strategies and manage other exposures, and it may continue to do so in the future. The principal instruments that the Company has used to date are Treasury Note (“T-Note”) and Eurodollar futures contracts, and “to-be-announced” (“TBA”) securit ies transactions, but it may enter into other derivatives in the future. The Company accounts for TBA securities as derivative instruments if either the TBA securities do not settle in the shortest period of time possible or if the Company cannot assert t hat it is probable at inception of the TBA transaction, or throughout its term, that it will take physical delivery of the MBS for a long position, or make delivery of the MBS for a short position, upon settlement of the trade. Gains and losses associated with TBA securities transactions are reported in gain (loss) on derivative instruments in the accompanying consolidated statements of operations. FASB ASC Topic 815, Derivatives and Hedging , requires that all derivative instruments be carried at fair value. Changes in fair value are recorded in the consolidated operations for each period. The Company does not designate any of its derivative financial instruments as hedges in order to align the accounting treatment of its derivative instruments wi th the treatment of its portfolio assets under the fair value option election. Holding derivatives creates exposure to credit risk related to the potential for failure by counterparties to honor their commitments. In addition, the Company may be required to post collateral based on any declines in the market value of the derivatives . In the event of default by a counterparty, the Company may have difficulty recovering its collateral and may not receive payments provided for under the terms of the agreement. To mitigate this risk, the Company uses only well-established commercial ba nks as counterparties. Financial Instruments ASC Topic 825 , Financial Instruments , requires disclosure of the fair value of financial instruments for which it is practicable to estimate that value, either in the body of the financial statements or in the accompanying notes. MBS, Orchid common stock and derivative assets and liabilities are accounted for at fair value in the consolidated balance sheets. The methods and assumptions used to estimate fair value for these instruments are presented in Note 14 of the consolidated financial statements. The estimated fair value of cash and cash equivalents, restricted cash, accrued interest receivable, other assets, repurchase agreements, accrued interest payable and other liabilities generally approximates thei r carrying value as of March 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018 , due to the short-term nature of these financial instruments. It is impractical to estimate the fair value of the Company’s junior subordinated notes. Currently, there is a limited market for t hese types of instruments and the Company is unable to ascertain what interest rates would be available to the Company for similar financial instruments. Further Information regarding these instruments is presented in Note 8 to the consolidated financi al statements. Property and Equipment, net Property and equipment, net, consists of computer equipment with a depreciable life of 3 years, office furniture and equipment with depreciable lives of 8 to 20 years, land which has no depreciable life, and buildings and improvements with depreciable lives of 30 years. Property and equipment is recorded at acquisition cost and depreciated using the straight-line method over the estimated useful lives of the assets. Repurchase Agreements The Company finance s the acquisition of the majority of its PT MBS through the use of repurchase agreements under master repurchase agreements. Pursuant to ASC Topic 860, Transfers and Servicing , the Company account s for repurchase transactions as collateralized financing transactions, which are carried at their contractual amounts, including accrued interest, as specified in the respective agreements . Share-Based Compensation The Company follows the provisions of ASC Topic 718, Compensation – Stock Compensation , to account for stock and stock-based awards. For stock and stock-based awards issued to employees, a compensation charge is recorded against earnings over the vesting period based on the fair value of the award. The Company applies a zero forfeiture rate for its equity based awards, as such awards have been granted to a limited number of employees and historical forfeitures have been minimal. A significant forfeiture, or an indication that significant forfeitures may occur, would result in a revised forfeiture rate which would be accounted for prospectively as a change in an estimate. For transactions with non-employees in which services are performed in exchange for t he Company’s common stock or other equity instruments, the transactions are recorded on the basis of the fair value of the service received or the fair value of the equity instruments issued, whichever is more readily measurable at the date of the issuance of the common stock. Earnings Per Share The Company follows the provisions of ASC Topic 260, Earnings Per Share , which requires companies with complex capital structures, common stock equivalents or two (or more) classes of securities that participate in dividend distributions to present both basic and diluted earnings per share (“EPS”) on the face of the consolida ted statement of operations. Basic EPS is calculated as income available to common stockholders divided by the weighted average number of common shares outstanding during the period. Diluted EPS is calculated using the treasury stock or two-class method, a s applicable for common stock equivalents. However, the common stock equivalents are not included in computing diluted EPS if the result is anti-dilutive. Outstanding shares of Class B Common Stock, participating and convertible into Class A Common Stock, are entitled to receive dividends in an amount equal to the dividends declared , if any, on each share of Class A Common Stock . Accordingly, shares of the Class B Common Stock are included in the computation of basic EPS using the two-class method and, con sequently, are presented separately from Class A Common Stock. The shares of Class C Common Stock are not included in the basic EPS computation as these shares do not have participation rights. The outstanding shares of Class B and Class C Common Stock ar e not included in the computation of diluted EPS for the Class A Common Stock as the conditions for conversion into shares of Class A Common Stock were not met. Income Taxes Income taxes are provided for using the asset and liability method. Deferred tax assets and liabilities represent the differences between the financial statement and income tax bases of assets and liabilities using enacted tax rates. The measurement of net deferred tax assets is adjusted by a valuation allowance if, based on the Company’s evaluation, it is more likely than not that they will not be realized. The Company’s U.S. federal income tax returns for years ended on or after December 31, 2015 remain open for examination. Although management believes its calculations for tax returns are correct and the positions taken thereon are reasonable, the final out come of tax audits could be materially different from the tax returns filed by the Company, and those differences could result in significant costs or benefits to the Company. For tax filing purposes, Bimini Capital and Bimini Advisors are consolidated as a single tax paying entity. Royal Palm files as a separate tax paying entity. The Company measures, recognizes and presents its uncertain tax positions in accordance with ASC Topic 740, Income Taxes . Under that guidance, the Company assesses the likelih ood, based on their technical merit, that tax positions will be sustained upon examination based on the facts, circumstances and information available at the end of each period. The measurement of uncertain tax positions is adjusted when new information i s available, or when an event occurs that requires a change. The Company recognizes tax positions in the financial statements only when it is more likely than not that the position will be sustained upon examination by the relevant taxing authority based o n the technical merits of the position. A position that meets this standard is measured at the largest amount of benefit that will more likely than not be realized upon settlement. The difference between the benefit recognized and the tax benefit claimed o n a tax return is referred to as an unrecognized tax benefit and is recorded as a liability in the consolidated balance sheets. The Company records income tax-related interest and penalties, if applicable, within the income tax provision. Recent Accounting Pronouncements In November 2016, the FASB issued Accounting Standards Update (“ASU”) 2016-18, Statement of Cash Flows – (Topic 230): Restricted Cash. ASU 2016-18 requires that restricted cash and restricted cash equivalents be included as compo nents of total cash and cash equivalents as presented on the statement of cash flows. ASU 2016-18 is effective for fiscal years, and for interim periods within those years, beginning after December 15, 2017. Early application is permitted. The Company ea rly adopted the ASU beginning with the first quarter of 2017. In June 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-13, Financial Instruments – Credit Losses (Topic 326): Measurement of Credit Losses on Financial Instruments. ASU 2016-13 requires credi t losses on most financial assets measured at amortized cost and certain other instruments to be measured using an expected credit loss model (referred to as the current expected credit loss (CECL) model). ASU 2016-13 is effective for fiscal years, and for interim periods within those years, beginning after December 15, 2019. Early application is permitted for fiscal periods beginning after December 15, 2018. The Company is currently evaluating the potential effect of this ASU on its consolidated financia l statements. |