Loans and Allowance for Loan Losses | Note 4 – Loans and Allowance for Loan Losses All loan origination fees and direct loan origination costs are deferred and recognized over the life of the loan. As of March 31, 2017 and 2016 , net deferred fees of $914 thousand and $987 thousand , respectively, were included in the carrying value of loans. An allowance for loan losses is maintained to absorb losses from the loan portfolio. The allowance for loan losses is based on management’s continuing evaluation of the risk characteristics and credit quality of the loan portfolio, assessment of current economic conditions, diversification and size of the portfolio, adequacy of collateral, past and anticipated loss experience, and the amount of non-performing loans. The Bank’s methodology for determining the allowance for loan losses is based on the requirements of ASC Section 310-10-35 for loans individually evaluated for impairment (discussed above) and ASC Subtopic 450-20 for loans collectively evaluated for impairment, as well as the Interagency Policy Statements on the Allowance for Loan and Lease Losses and other bank regulatory guidance. The total of the two components represents the Bank’s allowance for loan losses. Loans that are collectively evaluated for impairment are analyzed with general allowances being made as appropriate. For general allowances, historical loss trends are used in the estimation of losses in the current portfolio. These historical loss amounts are modified by qualified factors. The segments described above, which are based on the Federal call code assigned to each loan, provide the starting point for the allowance for loan losses analysis. Company and bank management tracks the historical net charge-off activity at the call code level. A historical charge-off factor is calculated utilizing a defined number of consecutive historical quarters. All pools currently utilize a rolling 12 quarters. “Pass” rated credits are segregated from “Criticized” credits for the application of qualitative factors. Loans in the criticized pools, which possess certain qualities or characteristics that may lead to collection and loss issues, are closely monitored by management and subject to additional qualitative factors. Company and Bank management have identified a number of additional qualitative factors which it uses to supplement the historical charge-off factor because these factors are likely to cause estimated credit losses associated with the existing loan pools to differ from historical loss experience. The additional factors that are evaluated quarterly and updated using information obtained from internal, regulatory, and governmental sources are: national and local economic trends and conditions; levels of and trends in delinquency rates and non-accrual loans; trends in volume and terms of loans; effects of changes in lending policies; experience, ability, and depth of lending staff; value of underlying collateral; and concentrations of credit from a loan type, industry and/or geographic standpoint. The combination of historical charge-off and qualitative factors are then weighted for each risk grade. These weightings are determined internally based upon the likelihood of loss as a loan risk grading deteriorates. To estimate the liability for off-balance sheet credit exposures, Bank management analyzed the portfolios of letters of credit, non-revolving lines of credit, and revolving lines of credit, and based its calculation on the expectation of future advances of each loan category. Letters of credit were determined to be highly unlikely to advance since they are generally in place only to ensure various forms of performance of the borrowers. In the Bank’s history, there have been no letters of credit drawn upon. In addition, many of the letters of credit are cash secured and do not warrant an allocation. Non-revolving lines of credit were determined to be highly likely to advance as these are typically construction lines. Meanwhile, the likelihood of revolving lines of credit advancing varies with each individual borrower. Therefore, the future usage of each line was estimated based on the average line utilization of the revolving line of credit portfolio as a whole. Once the estimated future advances were calculated, an allocation rate, which was derived from the Bank’s historical losses and qualitative environmental factors, was applied in the similar manner as those used for the allowance for loan loss calculation. The resulting estimated loss allocations were totaled to determine the liability for unfunded commitments related to these loans, which Management considers necessary to anticipate potential losses on those commitments that have a reasonable probability of funding. For the three months ended March 31, 2017 and 2016 , the liability for unfunded commitments was $284 thousand and $224 thousand , respectively. Bank management reviews the loan portfolio on a quarterly basis using a defined, consistently applied process in order to make appropriate and timely adjustments to the allowance for loan losses. When information confirms all or part of specific loans to be uncollectible, these amounts are promptly charged off against the allowance for loan losses. The allowance for loan losses is based on estimates, and actual losses will vary from current estimates. Management believes that the granularity of the homogeneous pools and the related historical loss ratios and other qualitative factors, as well as the consistency in the application of assumptions, result in an allowance for loan losses that is representative of the risk found in the components of the portfolio at any given date. The following tables summarize the primary segments of the allowance for loan losses, segregated into the amount required for loans individually evaluated for impairment and the amount required for loans collectively evaluated for impairment as of March 31, 2017 : (Dollars in thousands) Commercial Residential Home Equity Consumer Total Allowance for loan losses balance at December 31, 2016 $ 7,181 $ 990 $ 728 $ 202 $ 9,101 Charge-offs (113 ) (141 ) (33 ) (3 ) (290 ) Recoveries 9 32 1 1 43 Provision 208 204 94 12 518 Allowance for loan losses balance at March 31, 2017 $ 7,285 $ 1,085 $ 790 $ 212 $ 9,372 Individually evaluated for impairment $ 279 $ 46 $ 36 $ 25 $ 386 Collectively evaluated for impairment $ 7,006 $ 1,039 $ 754 $ 187 $ 8,986 The following table summarizes the primary segments of the Company loan portfolio as of March 31, 2017 : (Dollars in thousands) Commercial Residential Home Equity Consumer Total Individually evaluated for impairment $ 10,300 $ 1,356 $ 647 $ 125 $ 12,428 Collectively evaluated for impairment 742,960 243,235 64,523 13,636 1,064,354 Total Loans $ 753,260 $ 244,591 $ 65,170 $ 13,761 $ 1,076,782 The following tables summarize the primary segments of the allowance for loan losses, segregated into the amount required for loans individually evaluated for impairment and the amount required for loans collectively evaluated for impairment as of March 31, 2016 : (Dollars in thousands) Commercial Residential Home Equity Consumer Total Allowance for loan losses balance at December 31, 2015 $ 6,066 $ 1,095 $ 715 $ 130 $ 8,006 Charge-offs (102 ) (67 ) — (22 ) (191 ) Recoveries — — — 7 7 Provision 257 129 32 207 625 Allowance for loan losses balance at March 31, 2016 $ 6,221 $ 1,157 $ 747 $ 322 $ 8,447 Individually evaluated for impairment $ 946 $ 212 $ — $ 211 $ 1,369 Collectively evaluated for impairment $ 5,275 $ 945 $ 747 $ 111 $ 7,078 The following table summarizes the primary segments of the Company loan portfolio as of March 31, 2016 : (Dollars in thousands) Commercial Residential Home Equity Consumer Total Individually evaluated for impairment $ 10,974 $ 1,049 $ 28 $ 375 $ 12,426 Collectively evaluated for impairment 742,824 235,594 68,290 16,472 1,063,180 Total Loans $ 753,798 $ 236,643 $ 68,318 $ 16,847 $ 1,075,606 Loans are considered to be impaired when, based on current information and events, it is probable that the Company will be unable to collect the scheduled payments of principal or interest when due according to the contractual terms of the loan agreement. Factors considered by management in evaluating impairment include payment status, collateral value, and the probability of collecting scheduled principal and interest payments when due. Management determines the significance of payment delays and payment shortfalls on a case-by-case basis, taking into consideration all of the circumstances surrounding the loan and the borrower, including the length of the delay, the reasons for the delay, the borrower’s prior payment record, and the amount of the shortfall in relation to the principal and interest owed. The Company also separately evaluates individual consumer loans for impairment. The Chief Credit Officer identifies these loans individually by monitoring the delinquency status of the Bank’s portfolio. Once identified, the Bank’s ongoing communications with the borrower allow Management to evaluate the significance of the payment delays and the circumstances surrounding the loan and the borrower. Once the determination has been made that a loan is impaired, the amount of the impairment is measured using one of three valuation methods: (a) the present value of expected future cash flows discounted at the loan’s effective interest rate; (b) the loan’s observable market price; or (c) the fair value of the collateral less selling costs. The method is selected on a loan-by-loan basis, with management primarily utilizing the fair value of collateral method. The evaluation of the need and amount of a specific allocation of the allowance and whether a loan can be removed from impairment status is made on a quarterly basis. During December 2013, the Bank purchased $74.3 million in performing commercial real estate secured loans in the northern Virginia area. At the time of acquisition, none of these loans were considered impaired. They were acquired at a premium of roughly 1.024 or $1.8 million , which is being amortized in accordance with ASC 310-20. These loans are collectively evaluated for impairment under ASC 450. The loans continue to be individually monitored for payoff activity, and any necessary adjustments to the premium are made accordingly. At March 31, 2017 and December 31, 2016 , these balances totaled $20.3 million and $20.5 million , respectively. Of the $54 million decrease since originally purchased, MVB refinanced $19.6 million and sold participations totaling $10.5 million and sold $9.7 million back to the institution from which the loans were originally purchased in December 2013 . The remainder of the decrease was the result of $6.5 million in loan amortization and $7.7 million in principal paydowns and/or loan payoffs. The weighted average yield on the remaining portfolio is 5.57% . The following table presents impaired loans by class, segregated by those for which a specific allowance was required and those for which a specific allowance was not necessary as of March 31, 2017 and December 31, 2016 : Impaired Loans with Specific Allowance Impaired Loans with No Specific Allowance Total Impaired Loans (Dollars in thousands) Recorded Investment Related Allowance Recorded Investment Recorded Investment Unpaid Principal Balance March 31, 2017 Commercial Commercial Business $ 3,316 $ 31 $ 30 $ 3,346 $ 4,106 Commercial Real Estate 1,244 173 1,946 3,190 3,217 Acquisition & Development 263 75 3,501 3,764 6,033 Total Commercial 4,823 279 5,477 10,300 13,356 Residential 385 46 971 1,356 1,417 Home Equity 577 36 70 647 659 Consumer 56 25 69 125 335 Total Impaired Loans $ 5,841 $ 386 $ 6,587 $ 12,428 $ 15,767 December 31, 2016 Commercial Commercial Business $ — $ — $ 3,342 $ 3,342 $ 4,102 Commercial Real Estate 2,757 302 892 3,649 3,676 Acquisition & Development 264 74 3,526 3,790 6,059 Total Commercial 3,021 376 7,760 10,781 13,837 Residential 783 122 378 1,161 1,166 Home Equity 62 36 70 132 135 Consumer 16 9 62 78 285 Total Impaired Loans $ 3,882 $ 543 $ 8,270 $ 12,152 $ 15,423 Impaired loans have increased by $276 thousand , or 2.3% , during the first quarter of 2017 . This change is the net effect of multiple factors, including the identification of $902 thousand of impaired loans, principal curtailments of $394 thousand , partial charge-offs of $173 thousand , and normal loan amortization. The following table presents the average recorded investment in impaired loans and related interest income recognized for the periods indicated: Three Months Ended Three Months Ended (Dollars in thousands) Average Investment in Impaired Loans Interest Income Recognized on Accrual Basis Interest Income Recognized on Cash Basis Average Investment in Impaired Loans Interest Income Recognized on Accrual Basis Interest Income Recognized on Cash Basis Commercial Commercial Business $ 3,349 $ 39 $ 13 $ 3,838 $ 39 $ 26 Commercial Real Estate 2,803 25 26 6,541 28 25 Acquisition & Development 3,775 2 3 2,722 2 3 Total Commercial 9,927 66 42 13,101 69 54 Residential 1,417 2 17 1,059 5 3 Home Equity 653 — — 28 — — Consumer 142 — — 198 — — Total $ 12,139 $ 68 $ 59 $ 14,386 $ 74 $ 57 As of March 31, 2017 , the Bank held three foreclosed residential real estate properties representing $273 thousand , or 66% , of the total balance of other real estate owned. There are four additional consumer mortgage loans collateralized by residential real estate properties in the process of foreclosure. The total recorded investment in these loans was $331 thousand as of March 31, 2017 . These loans are included in the table above and have a total of $12 thousand in specific allowance allocated to them. Bank management uses a nine point internal risk rating system to monitor the credit quality of the overall loan portfolio. The first six categories are considered not criticized, and are aggregated as “Pass” rated. The criticized rating categories utilized by management generally follow bank regulatory definitions. The Special Mention category includes assets that are currently protected but are potentially weak, resulting in an undue and unwarranted credit risk, but not to the point of justifying a Substandard classification. Loans in the Substandard category have well-defined weaknesses that jeopardize the liquidation of the debt, and have a distinct possibility that some loss will be sustained if the weaknesses are not corrected. Any portion of a loan that has been or is expected to be charged off is placed in the Loss category. To help ensure that risk ratings are accurate and reflect the present and future capacity of borrowers to repay a loan as agreed, the Bank has a structured loan rating process with several layers of internal and external oversight. Generally, consumer and residential mortgage loans are included in the Pass categories unless a specific action, such as past due status, bankruptcy, repossession, or death occurs to raise awareness of a possible credit event. The Bank’s Chief Credit Officer is responsible for the timely and accurate risk rating of the loans in the portfolio at origination and on an ongoing basis. The Credit Department ensures that a review of all commercial relationships of one million dollars or greater is performed annually. Review of the appropriate risk grade is included in both the internal and external loan review process, and on an ongoing basis. The Bank has an experienced Credit Department that continually reviews and assesses loans within the portfolio. The Bank engages an external consultant to conduct independent loan reviews on at least an annual basis. Generally, the external consultant reviews larger commercial relationships or criticized relationships. The Bank’s Credit Department compiles detailed reviews, including plans for resolution, on loans classified as Substandard on a quarterly basis. Loans in the Special Mention and Substandard categories that are collectively evaluated for impairment are given separate consideration in the determination of the allowance. The following table represents the classes of the loan portfolio summarized by the aggregate Pass and the criticized categories of Special Mention, Substandard and Doubtful within the internal risk rating system as of March 31, 2017 and December 31, 2016 : (Dollars in thousands) Pass Special Mention Substandard Doubtful Total March 31, 2017 Commercial Commercial Business $ 361,762 $ 3,658 $ 6,774 $ 44 $ 372,238 Commercial Real Estate 239,998 26,786 3,509 254 270,547 Acquisition & Development 102,803 1,888 2,583 3,201 110,475 Total Commercial 704,563 32,332 12,866 3,499 753,260 Residential 241,832 1,909 570 280 244,591 Home Equity 63,813 1,220 137 — 65,170 Consumer 13,324 344 31 62 13,761 Total Loans $ 1,023,532 $ 35,805 $ 13,604 $ 3,841 $ 1,076,782 December 31, 2016 Commercial Commercial Business $ 377,631 $ 2,933 $ 6,833 $ 69 $ 387,466 Commercial Real Estate 240,851 26,340 3,532 737 271,460 Acquisition & Development 90,875 1,905 2,584 3,226 98,590 Total Commercial 709,357 31,178 12,949 4,032 757,516 Residential 212,869 1,664 787 132 215,452 Home Equity 64,706 582 98 — 65,386 Consumer 14,134 302 13 62 14,511 Total Loans $ 1,001,066 $ 33,726 $ 13,847 $ 4,226 $ 1,052,865 Management further monitors the performance and credit quality of the loan portfolio by analyzing the age of the portfolio as determined by the length of time a recorded payment is past due. A loan that has deteriorated and requires additional collection efforts by the Bank could warrant non-accrual status. A thorough review is presented to the Chief Credit Officer and or the Management Loan Committee ("MLC"), as required with respect to any loan which is in a collection process and to make a determination as to whether the loan should be placed on non-accrual status. The placement of loans on non-accrual status is subject to applicable regulatory restrictions and guidelines. Generally, loans should be placed in non-accrual status when the loan reaches 90 days past due, when it becomes likely the borrower cannot or will not make scheduled principal or interest payments, when full repayment of principal and interest is not expected, or when the loan displays potential loss characteristics. Normally, all accrued interest is charged off when a loan is placed in non-accrual status, unless Management believes it is likely the accrued interest will be collected. Any payments subsequently received are applied to principal. To remove a loan from non-accrual status, all principal and interest due must be paid up to date and the Bank is reasonably sure of future satisfactory payment performance. Usually, this requires a six -month recent history of payments due. Removal of a loan from non-accrual status will require the approval of the Chief Credit Officer and or MLC. The following table presents the classes of the loan portfolio summarized by aging categories of performing loans and nonaccrual loans as of March 31, 2017 and December 31, 2016 : (Dollars in thousands) Current 30-59 Days Past Due 60-89 Days Past Due 90+ Days Past Due Total Past Due Total Loans Non-Accrual 90+ Days Still Accruing March 31, 2017 Commercial Commercial Business $ 370,415 $ 1,326 $ 423 $ 74 $ 1,823 $ 372,238 $ 74 $ — Commercial Real Estate 269,606 9 — 932 941 270,547 932 — Acquisition & Development 107,724 175 — 2,576 2,751 110,475 3,502 — Total Commercial 747,745 1,510 423 3,582 5,515 753,260 4,508 — Residential 242,976 944 72 599 1,615 244,591 1,269 — Home Equity 65,100 — — 70 70 65,170 620 — Consumer 13,450 229 13 69 311 13,761 122 — Total Loans $ 1,069,271 $ 2,683 $ 508 $ 4,320 $ 7,511 $ 1,076,782 $ 6,519 $ — December 31, 2016 Commercial Commercial Business $ 387,208 $ 15 $ 169 $ 74 $ 258 $ 387,466 $ 74 $ — Commercial Real Estate 270,339 229 — 892 1,121 271,460 1,375 — Acquisition & Development 96,014 — — 2,576 2,576 98,590 3,526 — Total Commercial 753,561 244 169 3,542 3,955 757,516 4,975 — Residential 212,502 2,067 419 464 2,950 215,452 1,072 — Home Equity 64,791 525 — 70 595 65,386 104 — Consumer 14,354 55 34 68 157 14,511 78 — Total Loans $ 1,045,208 $ 2,891 $ 622 $ 4,144 $ 7,657 $ 1,052,865 $ 6,229 $ — Troubled Debt Restructurings The restructuring of a loan is considered a troubled debt restructuring (“TDR”) if both (i) the borrower is experiencing financial difficulties and (ii) the creditor has granted a concession. Concessions may include interest rate reductions or below market interest rates, principal forgiveness, restructuring amortization schedules and other actions intended to minimize potential losses. At March 31, 2017 and December 31, 2016 , the Bank had specific reserve allocations for TDR’s of $286 thousand and $348 thousand , respectively. Loans considered to be troubled debt restructured loans totaled $8.7 million and $8.8 million as of March 31, 2017 and December 31, 2016 , respectively. Of these totals, $5.9 million and $5.9 million , respectively, represent accruing troubled debt restructured loans and represent 49% and 48% , respectively of total impaired loans. Meanwhile, $2.3 million and $2.5 million , respectively, represent three loans to two borrowers that have defaulted under the restructured terms. All three loans are commercial acquisition and development loans that were considered TDR's due to extended interest only periods and/or unsatisfactory repayment structures once transitioned to principal and interest payments. These borrowers have experienced continued financial difficulty and are considered non-performing loans as of March 31, 2017 and December 31, 2016 . Two additional restructured loans, a $214 thousand commercial real estate loan and a $339 thousand mortgage loan, are considered non-performing as of March 31, 2017 . Both of these were also considered TDR's due to interest only periods and/or unsatisfactory repayment structures. There were no previously restructured loans that defaulted during the three months ended March 31, 2017 . There were no new TDR's for the three months ended March 31, 2017 and 2016 . |