Loans and Allowance for Loan Losses | Note 4 – Loans and Allowance for Loan Losses The components of loans in the Consolidated Balance Sheet at March 31, 2018 and December 31, 2017 , were as follows: (Dollars in thousands) March 31, 2018 December 31, 2017 Commercial and Non-Residential Real Estate $ 824,625 $ 783,909 Residential Real Estate 260,513 246,214 Home Equity 59,526 62,400 Consumer 11,909 12,783 Total Loans $ 1,156,573 $ 1,105,306 Deferred loan origination fees and costs, net 600 635 Loans receivable $ 1,157,173 $ 1,105,941 All loan origination fees and direct loan origination costs are deferred and recognized over the life of the loan. An allowance for loan losses ("ALL") is maintained to absorb losses from the loan portfolio. The ALL is based on management’s continuing evaluation of the risk characteristics and credit quality of the loan portfolio, assessment of current economic conditions, diversification and size of the portfolio, adequacy of collateral, past and anticipated loss experience, and the amount of non-performing loans. The Bank’s methodology for determining the ALL is based on the requirements of ASC Section 310-10-35 for loans individually evaluated for impairment (discussed above) and ASC Subtopic 450-20 for loans collectively evaluated for impairment, as well as the Interagency Policy Statements on the Allowance for Loan and Lease Losses and other bank regulatory guidance. The total of the two components represents the Bank’s ALL. The Bank's methodology allows for the analysis of certain impaired loans in homogeneous pools, rather than on an individual basis, when those loans are below specific thresholds based on outstanding principal balance. More specifically, residential mortgage loans, home equity lines of credit, and consumer loans, when considered impaired, are evaluated collectively for impairment by applying allocation rates derived from the Bank’s historical losses specific to impaired loans. Total collectively evaluated impaired loans were $1.4 million and $1.3 million , while the related reserves were $173 thousand and $169 thousand as of March 31, 2018 and December 31, 2017 . Loans that are collectively evaluated for impairment are analyzed with general allowances being made as appropriate. For general allowances, historical loss trends are used in the estimation of losses in the current portfolio. These historical loss amounts are modified by qualified factors. The segments described below in the impaired loans by class table, which are based on the Federal call code assigned to each loan, provide the starting point for the ALL analysis. Company and bank management tracks the historical net charge-off activity at the call code level. A historical charge-off factor is calculated utilizing a defined number of consecutive historical quarters. All pools currently utilize a rolling 12 quarters. “Pass” rated credits are segregated from “Criticized” credits for the application of qualitative factors. Loans in the criticized pools, which possess certain qualities or characteristics that may lead to collection and loss issues, are closely monitored by management and subject to additional qualitative factors. Company and Bank management have identified a number of additional qualitative factors which it uses to supplement the historical charge-off factor because these factors are likely to cause estimated credit losses associated with the existing loan pools to differ from historical loss experience. The additional factors that are evaluated quarterly and updated using information obtained from internal, regulatory, and governmental sources are: lending policies and procedures, nature and volume of the portfolio, experience and ability of lending management and staff, volume and severity of problem credits, conclusion of loan reviews, audits, and exams, changes in the value of underlying collateral, effect of concentrations of credit from a loan type, industry and/or geographic standpoint, changes in economic and business conditions consumer sentiment, and other external factors. The combination of historical charge-off and qualitative factors are then weighted for each risk grade. These weightings are determined internally based upon the likelihood of loss as a loan risk grading deteriorates. To estimate the liability for off-balance sheet credit exposures, Bank management analyzed the portfolios of letters of credit, non-revolving lines of credit, and revolving lines of credit, and based its calculation on the expectation of future advances of each loan category. Letters of credit were determined to be highly unlikely to advance since they are generally in place only to ensure various forms of performance of the borrowers. In the Bank’s history, there have been no letters of credit drawn upon. In addition, many of the letters of credit are cash secured and do not warrant an allocation. Non-revolving lines of credit were determined to be highly likely to advance as these are typically construction lines. Meanwhile, the likelihood of revolving lines of credit advancing varies with each individual borrower. Therefore, the future usage of each line was estimated based on the average line utilization of the revolving line of credit portfolio as a whole. Once the estimated future advances were calculated, an allocation rate, which was derived from the Bank’s historical losses and qualitative environmental factors, was applied in the similar manner as those used for the allowance for loan loss calculation. The resulting estimated loss allocations were totaled to determine the liability for unfunded commitments related to these loans, which Management considers necessary to anticipate potential losses on those commitments that have a reasonable probability of funding. As of March 31, 2018 and December 31, 2017 , the liability for unfunded commitments related to loans held for investment was $284 thousand . Bank management reviews the loan portfolio on a quarterly basis using a defined, consistently applied process in order to make appropriate and timely adjustments to the ALL. When information confirms all or part of specific loans to be uncollectible, these amounts are promptly charged off against the ALL. The ALL is based on estimates, and actual losses will vary from current estimates. Management believes that the granularity of the homogeneous pools and the related historical loss ratios and other qualitative factors, as well as the consistency in the application of assumptions, result in an ALL that is representative of the risk found in the components of the portfolio at any given date. The following tables summarize the primary segments of the ALL, segregated into the amount required for loans individually evaluated for impairment and the amount required for loans collectively evaluated for impairment as of March 31, 2018 : (Dollars in thousands) Commercial Residential Home Equity Consumer Total ALL balance at December 31, 2017 $ 7,804 $ 1,119 $ 705 $ 250 $ 9,878 Charge-offs (324 ) (11 ) — (21 ) (356 ) Recoveries 2 9 56 4 71 Provision 516 60 (68 ) (34 ) 474 ALL balance at March 31, 2018 $ 7,998 $ 1,177 $ 693 $ 199 $ 10,067 Individually evaluated for impairment $ 915 $ — $ — $ — $ 915 Collectively evaluated for impairment $ 7,083 $ 1,177 $ 693 $ 199 $ 9,152 The following table summarizes the primary segments of the Company loan portfolio as of March 31, 2018 : (Dollars in thousands) Commercial Residential Home Equity Consumer Total Individually evaluated for impairment $ 12,957 $ 1,707 $ 44 $ 43 $ 14,751 Collectively evaluated for impairment 811,668 258,806 59,482 11,866 1,141,822 Total Loans $ 824,625 $ 260,513 $ 59,526 $ 11,909 $ 1,156,573 The following tables summarize the primary segments of the ALL, segregated into the amount required for loans individually evaluated for impairment and the amount required for loans collectively evaluated for impairment as of March 31, 2017 : (Dollars in thousands) Commercial Residential Home Equity Consumer Total ALL balance at December 31, 2016 $ 7,181 $ 990 $ 728 $ 202 $ 9,101 Charge-offs (113 ) (141 ) (33 ) (3 ) (290 ) Recoveries 9 32 1 1 43 Provision 208 204 94 12 518 ALL balance at March 31, 2017 $ 7,285 $ 1,085 $ 790 $ 212 $ 9,372 Individually evaluated for impairment $ 279 $ 46 $ 36 $ 25 $ 386 Collectively evaluated for impairment $ 7,006 $ 1,039 $ 754 $ 187 $ 8,986 The following table summarizes the primary segments of the Company loan portfolio as of March 31, 2017 : (Dollars in thousands) Commercial Residential Home Equity Consumer Total Individually evaluated for impairment $ 10,300 $ 1,356 $ 647 $ 125 $ 12,428 Collectively evaluated for impairment 742,031 243,250 64,523 13,636 1,063,440 Total Loans $ 752,331 $ 244,606 $ 65,170 $ 13,761 $ 1,075,868 Loans are considered to be impaired when, based on current information and events, it is probable that the Company will be unable to collect the scheduled payments of principal or interest when due according to the contractual terms of the loan agreement. Factors considered by management in evaluating impairment include payment status, collateral value, and the probability of collecting scheduled principal and interest payments when due. Management determines the significance of payment delays and payment shortfalls on a case-by-case basis, taking into consideration all of the circumstances surrounding the loan and the borrower, including the length of the delay, the reasons for the delay, the borrower’s prior payment record, and the amount of the shortfall in relation to the principal and interest owed. The Company evaluates residential mortgage loans, home equity lines of credit, and consumer loans in homogeneous pools, rather than on an individual basis, when each of those loans are below specific thresholds based on outstanding principal balance. Such loans that individually exceed these thresholds are evaluated individually for impairment. The Chief Credit Officer identifies these loans individually by monitoring the delinquency status of the Bank’s portfolio. Once identified, the Bank’s ongoing communications with the borrower allow Management to evaluate the significance of the payment delays and the circumstances surrounding the loan and the borrower. Once the determination has been made that a loan is impaired, the amount of the impairment is measured using one of three valuation methods: (a) the present value of expected future cash flows discounted at the loan’s effective interest rate; (b) the loan’s observable market price; or (c) the fair value of the collateral less selling costs. The method is selected on a loan-by-loan basis, with management primarily utilizing the fair value of collateral method. The evaluation of the need and amount of a specific allocation of the allowance and whether a loan can be removed from impairment status is made on a quarterly basis. The following table presents impaired loans by class, segregated by those for which a specific allowance was required and those for which a specific allowance was not necessary as of March 31, 2018 and December 31, 2017 : Impaired Loans with Specific Allowance Impaired Loans with No Specific Allowance Total Impaired Loans (Dollars in thousands) Recorded Investment Related Allowance Recorded Investment Recorded Investment Unpaid Principal Balance March 31, 2018 Commercial Commercial Business $ 139 $ 76 $ 4,738 $ 4,877 $ 4,898 Commercial Real Estate 4,026 839 2,762 6,788 7,596 Acquisition & Development — — 1,292 1,292 3,572 Total Commercial 4,165 915 8,792 12,957 16,066 Residential — — 1,707 1,707 1,755 Home Equity — — 44 44 44 Consumer — — 43 43 49 Total Impaired Loans $ 4,165 $ 915 $ 10,586 $ 14,751 $ 17,914 December 31, 2017 Commercial Commercial Business $ 3,283 $ 22 $ 979 $ 4,262 $ 4,275 Commercial Real Estate 4,603 1,150 2,814 7,417 7,921 Acquisition & Development — — 2,117 2,117 4,090 Total Commercial 7,886 1,172 5,910 13,796 16,286 Residential — — 1,569 1,569 1,601 Home Equity — — 13 13 13 Consumer 69 16 109 178 475 Total Impaired Loans $ 7,955 $ 1,188 $ 7,601 $ 15,556 $ 18,375 Impaired loans have decreased by $805 thousand , or 5.2% , during the first quarter of 2018 . This change is the net effect of multiple factors, including the identification of $1.0 million of impaired loans, principal curtailments of $307 thousand , partial charge-offs of $335 thousand , the foreclosure of a commercial development loan which required the reclassification of $720 thousand to other real estate owned, the classification of $292 thousand to performing loans based on improved repayment performance, and normal loan amortization. The following table presents the average recorded investment in impaired loans and related interest income recognized for the periods indicated: Three Months Ended March 31, 2018 Three Months Ended March 31, 2017 (Dollars in thousands) Average Investment in Impaired Loans Interest Income Recognized on Accrual Basis Interest Income Recognized on Cash Basis Average Investment in Impaired Loans Interest Income Recognized on Accrual Basis Interest Income Recognized on Cash Basis Commercial Commercial Business $ 4,525 $ 38 $ 53 $ 3,349 $ 39 $ 13 Commercial Real Estate 7,431 21 23 2,803 25 26 Acquisition & Development 1,837 — — 3,775 2 3 Total Commercial 13,793 59 76 9,927 66 42 Residential 1,747 5 48 1,417 2 17 Home Equity 65 — — 653 — — Consumer 132 — — 142 — — Total $ 15,737 $ 64 $ 124 $ 12,139 $ 68 $ 59 As of March 31, 2018 , the Bank's other real estate owned balance totaled $1.9 million . The Bank held nine foreclosed residential real estate properties representing $890 thousand , or 47% , of the total balance of other real estate owned. These properties are held as a result of the foreclosures of primarily two commercial loan relationships, one of which included three properties for a total of $395 thousand , while the other also included three properties for a total of $178 thousand . The three remaining residential real estate properties, totaling $317 thousand , were result of the foreclosure of three unrelated borrowers. The remaining $1.0 million , or 53% , of other real estate owned is the result of the foreclosure of three unrelated commercial development loans. There are two additional consumer mortgage loans collateralized by residential real estate properties in the process of foreclosure. The total recorded investment in these loans was $329 thousand as of March 31, 2018 . These loans are included in the table above and have $0 in specific allowance allocated to them. Bank management uses a nine -point internal risk rating system to monitor the credit quality of the overall loan portfolio. The first six categories are considered not criticized and are aggregated as “Pass” rated. The criticized rating categories utilized by management generally follow bank regulatory definitions. The Special Mention category includes assets that are currently protected but are potentially weak, resulting in an undue and unwarranted credit risk, but not to the point of justifying a Substandard classification. Loans in the Substandard category have well-defined weaknesses that jeopardize the liquidation of the debt and have a distinct possibility that some loss will be sustained if the weaknesses are not corrected. Any portion of a loan that has been or is expected to be charged off is placed in the Loss category. To help ensure that risk ratings are accurate and reflect the present and future capacity of borrowers to repay a loan as agreed, the Bank has a structured loan rating process with several layers of internal and external oversight. Generally, consumer and residential mortgage loans are included in the Pass categories unless a specific action, such as past due status, bankruptcy, repossession, or death occurs to raise awareness of a possible credit event. The Bank’s Chief Credit Officer is responsible for the timely and accurate risk rating of the loans in the portfolio at origination and on an ongoing basis. The Credit Department ensures that a review of all commercial relationships of one million dollars or greater is performed annually. Review of the appropriate risk grade is included in both the internal and external loan review process, and on an ongoing basis. The Bank has an experienced Credit Department that continually reviews and assesses loans within the portfolio. The Bank engages an external consultant to conduct independent loan reviews on at least an annual basis. Generally, the external consultant reviews larger commercial relationships or criticized relationships. The Bank’s Credit Department compiles detailed reviews, including plans for resolution, on loans classified as Substandard on a quarterly basis. Loans in the Special Mention and Substandard categories that are collectively evaluated for impairment are given separate consideration in the determination of the allowance. The following table represents the classes of the loan portfolio summarized by the aggregate Pass and the criticized categories of Special Mention, Substandard and Doubtful within the internal risk rating system as of March 31, 2018 and December 31, 2017 : (Dollars in thousands) Pass Special Mention Substandard Doubtful Total March 31, 2018 Commercial Commercial Business $ 380,106 $ 4,793 $ 4,547 $ — $ 389,446 Commercial Real Estate 304,669 14,553 2,394 4,236 325,852 Acquisition & Development 105,111 994 2,230 992 109,327 Total Commercial 789,886 20,340 9,171 5,228 824,625 Residential 257,307 2,879 205 122 260,513 Home Equity 58,413 1,074 39 — 59,526 Consumer 11,695 191 16 7 11,909 Total Loans $ 1,117,301 $ 24,484 $ 9,431 $ 5,357 $ 1,156,573 December 31, 2017 Commercial Commercial Business $ 371,041 $ 4,816 $ 4,506 $ — $ 380,363 Commercial Real Estate 271,751 22,995 5,961 1,149 301,856 Acquisition & Development 96,712 931 2,230 1,817 101,690 Total Commercial 739,504 28,742 12,697 2,966 783,909 Residential 242,823 3,036 223 132 246,214 Home Equity 61,037 1,311 52 — 62,400 Consumer 12,453 174 25 131 12,783 Total Loans $ 1,055,817 $ 33,263 $ 12,997 $ 3,229 $ 1,105,306 Management further monitors the performance and credit quality of the loan portfolio by analyzing the age of the portfolio as determined by the length of time a recorded payment is past due. A loan that has deteriorated and requires additional collection efforts by the Bank could warrant non-accrual status. A thorough review is presented to the Chief Credit Officer and or the MLC, as required with respect to any loan which is in a collection process and to make a determination as to whether the loan should be placed on non-accrual status. The placement of loans on non-accrual status is subject to applicable regulatory restrictions and guidelines. Generally, loans should be placed in non-accrual status when the loan reaches 90 days past due, when it becomes likely the borrower cannot or will not make scheduled principal or interest payments, when full repayment of principal and interest is not expected, or when the loan displays potential loss characteristics. Normally, all accrued interest is charged off when a loan is placed in non-accrual status, unless Management believes it is likely the accrued interest will be collected. Any payments subsequently received are applied to principal. To remove a loan from non-accrual status, all principal and interest due must be paid up to date and the Bank is reasonably sure of future satisfactory payment performance. Usually, this requires a six -month recent history of payments due. Removal of a loan from non-accrual status will require the approval of the Chief Credit Officer and or MLC. Management is currently monitoring the payment performance of a $3.2 million commercial loan that has paid slow in recent months. This loan is classified as a troubled debt restructured loan based on multiple interest only periods being provided in the past, however, as of March 31, 2018, this loan was paid current. The borrower has continued to work through ongoing litigation, resolution of which is expected in the near future. The following table presents the classes of the loan portfolio summarized by aging categories of performing loans and nonaccrual loans as of March 31, 2018 and December 31, 2017 : (Dollars in thousands) Current 30-59 Days Past Due 60-89 Days Past Due 90+ Days Past Due Total Past Due Total Loans Non-Accrual 90+ Days Still Accruing March 31, 2018 Commercial Commercial Business $ 387,428 $ 473 $ 393 $ 1,152 $ 2,018 $ 389,446 $ 1,758 $ — Commercial Real Estate 321,198 1,188 — 3,466 4,654 325,852 4,664 — Acquisition & Development 108,035 860 — 432 1,292 109,327 1,292 — Total Commercial 816,661 2,521 393 5,050 7,964 824,625 7,714 — Residential 255,659 4,417 108 329 4,854 260,513 1,301 — Home Equity 59,050 194 282 — 476 59,526 44 — Consumer 11,831 28 19 31 78 11,909 43 — Total Loans $ 1,143,201 $ 7,160 $ 802 $ 5,410 $ 13,372 $ 1,156,573 $ 9,102 $ — December 31, 2017 Commercial Commercial Business $ 377,901 $ 512 $ 1,368 $ 582 $ 2,462 $ 380,363 $ 1,027 $ — Commercial Real Estate 300,282 45 1,149 380 1,574 301,856 5,206 — Acquisition & Development 99,573 — 874 1,243 2,117 101,690 2,117 — Total Commercial 777,756 557 3,391 2,205 6,153 783,909 8,350 — Residential 243,177 1,879 707 451 3,037 246,214 1,157 — Home Equity 61,907 240 240 13 493 62,400 13 — Consumer 12,634 11 — 138 149 12,783 179 — Total Loans $ 1,095,474 $ 2,687 $ 4,338 $ 2,807 $ 9,832 $ 1,105,306 $ 9,699 $ — Troubled Debt Restructurings The restructuring of a loan is considered a troubled debt restructuring (“TDR”) if both (i) the borrower is experiencing financial difficulties and (ii) the creditor has granted a concession. Concessions may include interest rate reductions or below market interest rates, principal forgiveness, restructuring amortization schedules and other actions intended to minimize potential losses. At March 31, 2018 and December 31, 2017 , the Bank had specific reserve allocations for TDR’s of $443 thousand and $439 thousand , respectively. Loans considered to be troubled debt restructured loans totaled $6.4 million and $6.4 million as of March 31, 2018 and December 31, 2017 , respectively. Of these totals, $5.6 million and $5.9 million , respectively, represent accruing troubled debt restructured loans and represent 38% and 38% , respectively of total impaired loans. Meanwhile, $432 thousand represents two loans to one borrower that have defaulted under the restructured terms. Both loans are commercial acquisition and development loans that were considered TDR's due to extended interest only periods and/or unsatisfactory repayment structures once transitioned to principal and interest payments. These borrowers have experienced continued financial difficulty and are considered non-performing loans as of March 31, 2018 and December 31, 2017. There were no previously restructured loans that defaulted during the three months ended March 31, 2018 . A commercial loan in the amount of $128 thousand was classified as impaired and as a TDR in the first quarter of 2018. This loan represents the only new TDR for the three months ended March 31, 2018. There were no new TDR's for the three months ended March 31, 2017. New TDR's 1 Three Months Ended March 31, 2018 Three Months Ended March 31, 2017 (Dollars in thousands) Number of Contracts Pre-Modification Outstanding Recorded Investment Post-Modification Outstanding Recorded Investment Number of Contracts Pre-Modification Outstanding Recorded Investment Post-Modification Outstanding Recorded Investment Commercial Commercial Business 1 $ 128 $ 128 — $ — $ — Commercial Real Estate — — — — — — Acquisition & Development — — — — — — Total Commercial 1 128 128 — — — Residential — — — — — — Home Equity — — — — — — Consumer — — — — — — Total 1 $ 128 $ 128 — $ — $ — 1 The pre-modification and post-modification balances represent the balances outstanding immediately before and after modification of the loan. |