| Loans and Allowance for Credit Losses | Note 3 – Loans and Allowance for Credit Losses The following table presents the components of loans as of the periods shown: (Dollars in thousands) September 30, 2023 December 31, 2022 Commercial: Business $ 811,203 $ 851,072 Real estate 640,167 632,839 Acquisition, development and construction 121,758 126,999 Total commercial 1,573,128 1,610,910 Residential real estate 650,321 606,970 Home equity lines of credit 14,862 18,734 Consumer 30,341 131,566 Total loans, excluding purchased credit impaired loans 2,268,652 2,368,180 Purchased credit impaired loans: Residential real estate — 2,482 Total purchased credit impaired loans — 2,482 Total loans 2,268,652 2,370,662 Deferred loan origination costs, net 1,781 1,983 Loans receivable $ 2,270,433 $ 2,372,645 We currently manage our loan portfolios and the respective exposure to credit losses (credit risk) by the following specific portfolio segments. With the adoption of ASU 2016-13 on January 1, 2023, we modified our loan portfolio segmentation to be based primarily on call report codes, which are levels at which we develop and document our systematic methodology to determine the allowance for credit losses attributable to each respective portfolio segment. The ACL portfolio segments are aggregated into broader segments in order to present informative yet concise disclosures within this document, as follows: Commercial business loans – Commercial business loans are made to provide funds for equipment and general corporate needs, as well as to finance owner-occupied real estate, and to finance future cash flows of Federal government lease contracts. Repayment of these loans primarily uses the funds obtained from the operation of the borrower’s business. Commercial business loans also include lines of credit that are utilized to finance a borrower’s short-term credit needs and/or to finance a percentage of eligible receivables and inventory. This segment includes both internally originated and purchased participation loans. Credit risk arises from the successful operation of the business, which may be affected by competition, rising interest rates, regulatory changes and adverse conditions in the local and regional economy. Commercial real estate loans – Commercial real estate loans consist of non-owner occupied properties, such as investment properties for retail, office and multifamily with a history of occupancy and cash flow. This segment includes both internally originated and purchased participation loans. These loans carry the risk of adverse changes in the local economy and a tenant’s deteriorating credit strength, lease expirations in soft markets and sustained vacancies, which can adversely impact cash flow. Commercial acquisition, development and construction loans – Commercial acquisition, development and construction loans are intended to finance the construction of commercial and residential properties, and also includes loans for the acquisition and development of land. Construction loans represent a higher degree of risk than permanent real estate loans and may be affected by a variety of factors such as the borrower’s ability to control costs and adhere to time schedules and the risk that constructed units may not be absorbed by the market within the anticipated time frame or at the anticipated price. The loan commitment on these loans often includes an interest reserve that allows the lender to periodically advance loan funds to pay interest charges on the outstanding balance of the loan. Residential real estate – This residential real estate subsegment contains permanent and construction mortgage loans principally to consumers, but also includes loans to residential real estate developers, secured by residential real estate, which we previously presented under commercial acquisitions, development and construction loans under the incurred loss model. Residential real estate loans to consumers are evaluated for the adequacy of repayment sources at the time of approval, based upon measures including credit scores, debt-to-income ratios and collateral values. Credit risk arises from the borrower’s, and where applicable, the builder’s, continuing financial stability, which can be adversely impacted by job loss, divorce, illness or personal bankruptcy, among other factors. Residential real estate secured loans to developers represent a higher degree of risk than permanent real estate loans and may be affected by a variety of factors such as the borrower’s ability to control costs and adhere to time schedules and the risk that constructed units may not be absorbed by the market within the anticipated time frame or at the anticipated price. Also impacting credit risk would be a shortfall in the value of the residential real estate in relation to the outstanding loan balance in the event of a default or subsequent liquidation of the real estate collateral. Home equity lines of credit – This segment includes subsegment for senior lien and subordinate lien lines of credit. Credit risk is similar to residential real estate loans described above as it is subject to the borrower’s continuing financial stability and the value of the collateral securing the loan. Consumer loans – This segment of loans includes primarily installment loans and personal lines of credit. Consumer loans include installment loans used by clients to purchase automobiles, boats and recreational vehicles. Credit risk is similar to residential real estate loans described above as it is subject to the borrower’s continuing financial stability and the value of the collateral securing the loan. This segment primarily includes loans purchased from a third-party originator that originates loans in order to finance the purchase of personal automotive vehicles for sub-prime borrowers. Credit risk is unique in comparison to the Consumer segment as this segment includes only those loans provided to consumers that cannot typically obtain financing through traditional lenders. As such, these loans are subject to a higher risk of default than the typical consumer loan. Results for reporting periods beginning after January 1, 2023 are presented under ASC 326, while prior period amounts continue to be reported in accordance with the incurred loss model. The following table presents impaired loans by class segregated by those for which a specific allowance was required and those for which a specific allowance was not necessary as of the periods shown: Impaired Loans with Specific Allowance Impaired Loans with No Specific Allowance Total Impaired Loans (Dollars in thousands) Recorded Investment Related Allowance Recorded Investment Recorded Investment Unpaid Principal Balance December 31, 2022 Commercial Business $ 3,436 $ 1,253 $ 7,015 $ 10,451 $ 15,324 Real estate 1,240 222 125 1,365 1,470 Acquisition, development and construction — — — — 1,415 Total commercial 4,676 1,475 7,140 11,816 18,209 Residential real estate — — 2,603 2,603 2,671 Home equity lines of credit — — 90 90 94 Consumer 1,347 268 4 1,351 1,351 Total impaired loans $ 6,023 $ 1,743 $ 9,837 $ 15,860 $ 22,325 The following table presents the average recorded investment in impaired loans and related interest income recognized for the periods shown: Three Months Ended September 30, 2022 Nine Months Ended September 30, 2022 (Dollars in thousands) Average Investment in Impaired Loans Interest Income Recognized on Accrual Basis Interest Income Recognized on Cash Basis Average Investment in Impaired Loans Interest Income Recognized on Accrual Basis Interest Income Recognized on Cash Basis Commercial Business $ 12,390 $ 1 $ 2 $ 11,378 $ 6 $ 6 Real estate 1,372 14 18 1,491 43 47 Acquisition, development and construction 282 — — 303 — — Total commercial 14,044 15 20 13,172 49 53 Residential 8,425 4 3 8,390 12 11 Home equity 157 — — 169 — — Consumer 1085 — — 757 — — Total $ 23,711 $ 19 $ 23 $ 22,488 $ 61 $ 64 As of September 30, 2023, the Bank’s other real estate owned balance totaled $0.9 million, all of which was related to our acquisition of The First State Bank (“First State”) in 2020. The Bank held $0.8 million of other real estate owned as a result of the foreclosure of two unrelated commercial loans. The remaining $0.1 million consists of one foreclosed residential real estate property. As of September 30, 2023, there were two residential mortgages in the process of foreclosure with loan balances totaling $0.2 million. Bank management uses a nine-point internal risk rating system to monitor the credit quality of the overall loan portfolio. The first six categories are considered not criticized and are aggregated as “Pass” rated. The criticized rating categories utilized by management generally follow bank regulatory definitions. Loans categorized as “Pass” rated have adequate sources of repayment, with little identifiable risk of collection and general conformity to the Bank's policy requirements, product guidelines and underwriting standards. Any exceptions that are identified during the underwriting and approval process have been adequately mitigated by other factors. Loans categorized as “Special Mention” rated have potential weaknesses that deserve management’s close attention. If left uncorrected, these potential weaknesses may result in deterioration of the repayment prospects for the asset or in the institution’s credit position at some future date. Special mention assets are not adversely classified and do not expose the institution to sufficient risk to warrant adverse classification. Loans categorized as “Substandard” rated are inadequately protected by the current sound worth and paying capacity of the borrower or of the collateral pledged, if any. Loans so classified must have a well-defined weakness or weaknesses that jeopardize the liquidation of the debt and are characterized by the distinct possibility that the institution will sustain some loss if the deficiencies are not corrected. Loans categorized as “Doubtful” rated have all the weakness inherent in those classified Substandard with the added characteristic that the weakness makes collections or liquidation in full, on the basis of currently known facts, conditions and values, highly questionable and improbable. However, these loans are not yet rated as loss because certain events may occur which would salvage the debt. The Special Mention rated category includes assets that are currently protected but are potentially weak, resulting in undue and unwarranted credit risk, but not to the point of justifying a Substandard classification. Loans in the Substandard category have well-defined weaknesses that jeopardize the liquidation of the debt and have a distinct possibility that some loss will be sustained if the weaknesses are not corrected. Any portion of a loan that has been or is expected to be charged off is placed in the “Loss” category. To help ensure that risk ratings are accurate and reflect the present and future capacity of borrowers to repay a loan as agreed, the Bank has a structured loan rating process with several layers of internal and external oversight. Generally, consumer and residential mortgage loans are included in the Pass categories, unless a specific action, such as past due status, bankruptcy, repossession or death, occurs to raise awareness of a possible credit event. The Bank’s Chief Credit Officer is responsible for the timely and accurate risk rating of the loans in the portfolio at origination and on an ongoing basis. The Bank's Credit Department ensures that a review of all commercial relationships of $1.0 million or more is performed annually. Review of the appropriate risk grade is included in both the internal and external loan review process and on an ongoing basis. The Bank has an experienced Credit Department that continually reviews and assesses loans within the portfolio. The Bank engages an external consultant to conduct independent loan reviews on at least an annual basis. Generally, the external consultant reviews commercial relationships in excess of $3.0 million or criticized relationships. The Bank's Credit Department compiles detailed reviews, including plans for resolution, on loans classified as Substandard on a quarterly basis. Loans in the Special Mention and Substandard categories that are collectively evaluated for impairment are given separate consideration in the determination of the allowance. The following table presents the amortized cost of loans summarized by the aggregate Pass and the criticized categories of Special Mention, Substandard and Doubtful within the internal risk rating system by vintage year as of the period shown: Term Loans Amortized Cost Basis by Origination Year (Dollars in thousands) 2023 2022 2021 2020 2019 Prior Revolving Loans Amortized Cost Basis Revolving Loans Converted to Term Total September 30, 2023 Commercial business: Risk rating: Pass $ 49,607 $ 293,000 $ 84,060 $ 28,735 $ 15,491 $ 60,635 $ 219,201 $ — $ 750,729 Special Mention — 5,231 13 842 10 4,418 510 — 11,024 Substandard — 1 35,353 — 5,362 4,525 — — 45,241 Doubtful — 2,071 468 264 — 1,406 — — 4,209 Total commercial business loans $ 49,607 $ 300,303 $ 119,894 $ 29,841 $ 20,863 $ 70,984 $ 219,711 $ — $ 811,203 Gross charge-offs $ — $ 228 $ 975 $ 141 $ — $ 2,953 $ — $ — $ 4,297 Commercial real estate: Risk rating: Pass $ 60,509 $ 158,327 $ 222,770 $ 12,094 $ 26,592 $ 110,857 $ — $ — $ 591,149 Special Mention — — 8,010 — 6,801 14,994 — — 29,805 Substandard — — — — — 19,213 — — 19,213 Doubtful — — — — — — — — — Total commercial real estate loans $ 60,509 $ 158,327 $ 230,780 $ 12,094 $ 33,393 $ 145,064 $ — $ — $ 640,167 Gross charge-offs $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — Commercial acquisition, development and construction: Risk rating: Pass $ 2,987 $ 46,062 $ 30,768 $ 22,016 $ 3,128 $ 1,551 $ — $ — $ 106,512 Special Mention — — 14,476 — — 5 — — 14,481 Substandard — — — — — 765 — — 765 Doubtful — — — — — — — — — Total commercial acquisition, development and construction loans $ 2,987 $ 46,062 $ 45,244 $ 22,016 $ 3,128 $ 2,321 $ — $ — $ 121,758 Gross charge-offs $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — Term Loans Amortized Cost Basis by Origination Year (Dollars in thousands) 2023 2022 2021 2020 2019 Prior Revolving Loans Amortized Cost Basis Revolving Loans Converted to Term Total September 30, 2023 Residential Real Estate: Risk rating: Pass $ 51,593 $ 417,420 $ 100,007 $ 38,942 $ 7,031 $ 23,923 $ — $ — $ 638,916 Special Mention — — — — 414 725 — — 1,139 Substandard — 991 3,789 4,240 136 899 — — 10,055 Doubtful — — — — — 211 — — 211 Total residential real estate loans $ 51,593 $ 418,411 $ 103,796 $ 43,182 $ 7,581 $ 25,758 $ — $ — $ 650,321 Gross charge-offs $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — $ 381 $ — $ — $ 381 Home equity lines of credit: Risk rating: Pass $ — $ 37 $ — $ — $ 170 $ 780 $ 13,486 $ — $ 14,473 Special Mention — — — — — 76 148 — 224 Substandard — — — — — 165 — — 165 Doubtful — — — — — — — — — Total home equity lines of credit loans $ — $ 37 $ — $ — $ 170 $ 1,021 $ 13,634 $ — $ 14,862 Gross charge-offs $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — Consumer: Risk rating: Pass $ 2,460 $ 20,613 $ 6,225 $ — $ 48 $ 23 $ 29 $ — $ 29,398 Special Mention — — — — — — — — — Substandard 198 576 169 — — — — — 943 Doubtful — — — — — — — — — Total consumer loans $ 2,658 $ 21,189 $ 6,394 $ — $ 48 $ 23 $ 29 $ — $ 30,341 Gross charge-offs $ 866 $ 9,543 $ 1,522 $ — $ — $ 2 $ — $ — $ 11,933 Total: Risk rating: Pass $ 167,156 $ 935,459 $ 443,830 $ 101,787 $ 52,460 $ 197,769 $ 232,716 $ — $ 2,131,177 Special Mention — 5,231 22,499 842 7,225 20,218 658 — 56,673 Substandard 198 1,568 39,311 4,240 5,498 25,567 — — 76,382 Doubtful — 2,071 468 264 — 1,617 — — 4,420 Total consumer loans $ 167,354 $ 944,329 $ 506,108 $ 107,133 $ 65,183 $ 245,171 $ 233,374 $ — $ 2,268,652 Gross charge-offs $ 866 $ 9,771 $ 2,497 $ 141 $ — $ 3,336 $ — $ — $ 16,611 The following table represents the classes of the loan portfolio summarized by the aggregate Pass and the criticized categories of Special Mention, Substandard and Doubtful within the internal risk rating system as of the periods shown: (Dollars in thousands) Pass Special Mention Substandard Doubtful Total December 31, 2022 Commercial Business $ 830,319 $ 5,963 $ 12,103 $ 2,687 $ 851,072 Real estate 592,997 18,883 20,600 359 632,839 Acquisition, development and construction 120,788 5,277 934 — 126,999 Total commercial 1,544,104 30,123 33,637 3,046 1,610,910 Residential real estate 605,513 760 1,556 1,623 609,452 Home equity lines of credit 18,269 375 90 — 18,734 Consumer 131,562 — 4 — 131,566 Total loans $ 2,299,448 $ 31,258 $ 35,287 $ 4,669 $ 2,370,662 Management further monitors the performance and credit quality of the loan portfolio by analyzing the age of the portfolio as determined by the length of time a recorded payment is past due. A loan that has deteriorated and requires additional collection efforts by the Bank could warrant non-accrual status. A complete review is presented to the Chief Credit Officer and/or the Special Asset Review Committee (“SARC”), as required with respect to any loan which is in a collection process and to make a determination as to whether the loan should be placed on non-accrual status. The placement of loans on non-accrual status is subject to applicable regulatory restrictions and guidelines. Generally, loans should be placed in non-accrual status when the loan reaches 90 days past due, becomes likely the borrower cannot or will not make scheduled principal or interest payments, full repayment of principal and interest is not expected or the loan displays potential loss characteristics. Normally, all accrued interest is charged off when a loan is placed in non-accrual status unless we believe it is likely the accrued interest will be collected. Any payments subsequently received are applied to the principal. All principal and interest due must be paid up-to-date and the Bank is reasonably sure of future satisfactory payment performance to remove a loan from non-accrual status. Usually, this requires the receipt of six The following table presents the amortized cost basis in loans by aging category and accrual status as of the periods shown: (Dollars in thousands) Current 30-59 Days Past Due 60-89 Days Past Due 90+ Days Past Due Total Past Due Total Loans Non-Accrual 90+ Days Still Accruing Non Accrual with No Credit Loss Interest Income Recognized September 30, 2023 Commercial Business $ 802,899 $ 789 $ 64 $ 7,451 $ 8,304 $ 811,203 $ 7,451 $ — $ 3,782 $ — Real estate 640,167 — — — — 640,167 — — — — Acquisition, development and construction 120,993 — — 765 765 121,758 765 — — — Total commercial 1,564,059 789 64 8,216 9,069 1,573,128 8,216 — 3,782 — Residential real estate 648,511 414 127 1,269 1,810 650,321 1,269 — — — Home equity lines of credit 14,807 48 7 — 55 14,862 165 — — — Consumer 26,995 1,821 582 943 3,346 30,341 943 — — — Total loans $ 2,254,372 $ 3,072 $ 780 $ 10,428 $ 14,280 $ 2,268,652 $ 10,593 $ — $ 3,782 $ — The following table presents the aging of recorded investment in loans, including accruing and nonaccrual loans, as of the period shown: (Dollars in thousands) Current 30-59 Days Past Due 60-89 Days Past Due 90+ Days Past Due Total Past Due Total Loans Non-Accrual 90+ Days Still Accruing December 31, 2022 Commercial Business $ 850,112 $ — $ 960 $ — $ 960 $ 851,072 $ 7,528 $ — Real estate 632,839 — — — — 632,839 — — Acquisition, development and construction 126,999 — — — — 126,999 — — Total commercial 1,609,950 — 960 — 960 1,610,910 7,528 — Residential real estate 606,554 1,820 1,078 — 2,898 609,452 2,196 — Home equity lines of credit 18,131 603 — — 603 18,734 90 — Consumer 120,504 6,848 2,867 1,347 11,062 131,566 1,351 — Total loans $ 2,355,139 $ 9,271 $ 4,905 $ 1,347 $ 15,523 $ 2,370,662 $ 11,165 $ — The ACL is a valuation account that is deducted from the loans' amortized cost basis to present the net amount expected to be collected on the loans. Loans are charged off against the ACL when management believes the loan balance is uncollectible. Accrued interest receivable is excluded from the estimate of credit losses. Management determines the ACL balance using relevant available information, from internal and external sources, relating to past events, current conditions and reasonable and supportable forecasts. Historical credit behaviors along with model judgments provide the basis for the estimation of expected credit losses. Adjustments to modeled loss estimates may be made for differences in current loan-specific risk characteristics such as differences in underwriting standards, portfolio mix, delinquency level or term, as well as for changes in environmental conditions, such as changes in economic conditions, property values or other relevant factors. The Bank’s methodology for determining the ACL is based on the requirements of ASC 326 - Current Expected Credit Losses . The ACL is calculated on a collective basis when similar risk characteristics exist. The ACL for the majority of loans and leases was calculated using a discounted cash flow methodology applied at a loan level with a one-year reasonable and supportable forecast period and a one-year straight-line reversion period with loss rates, prepayment assumptions and curtailment assumptions driven by each loan’s collateral type. Expected credit loss rates were estimated using a regression model based on historical data from peer banks which incorporates a third-party vendor’s economic forecast to predict the change in credit losses. As of September 30, 2023, the Bank expects the markets in which it operates will experience a decline in economic conditions and an increase in the unemployment rate and level of delinquencies, over the next one to two years. The ACL for only one portfolio segment consisting entirely of automotive loans to consumers was calculated under the remaining life methodology using straight-line amortization over the remaining life of the portfolio. Loans that do not share risk characteristics are evaluated on an individual basis. Loans evaluated individually are not also included in the collective evaluation. When Bank management determines that foreclosure is probable or when the borrower is experiencing financial difficulty at the reporting date and repayment is expected to be substantially through the operation or sale of the collateral, expected credit losses are based on the fair value of the collateral at the reporting date, adjusted for selling costs as appropriate. The following table presents the amortized cost basis of collateral-dependent loans by class of loans as of the periods shown: (Dollars in thousands) Real Estate Vehicles and Equipment Assignment of Cash Flow Accounts Receivable Other Totals Allowance for Credit Losses September 30, 2023 Commercial Business $ 1,141 $ 4,058 $ 1 $ 462 $ 264 $ 5,926 $ 1,491 Total commercial $ 1,141 $ 4,058 $ 1 $ 462 $ 264 $ 5,926 $ 1,491 Residential 1,088 — — — — 1,088 36 Consumer — 943 — — — 943 159 Total $ 2,229 $ 5,001 $ 1 $ 462 $ 264 $ 7,957 $ 1,686 Collateral value $ 4,301 $ 5,309 $ — $ 906 $ 320 $ 10,836 The Bank evaluates certain loans in homogeneous pools, rather than on an individual basis, when those loans are below specific thresholds based on outstanding principal balance. More specifically, residential mortgage loans, home equity lines of credit and consumer loans are evaluated collectively for expected credit losses by applying allocation rates derived from the Bank’s historical losses specific to these loans. The reserve was immaterial at September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022. Management has identified a number of additional qualitative factors which it uses to supplement the estimated losses derived from the loss rate methodologies employed within the CECL model because these factors are likely to cause estimated credit losses associated with the existing loan pools to differ from the loss rate methodologies. The additional factors that are evaluated quarterly and updated using information obtained from internal, regulatory and governmental sources are: lending policies and procedures, nature and volume of the portfolio, experience and ability of lending management and staff, volume and severity of problem credits, quality of the loan review system, changes in the value of underlying collateral, effect of concentrations of credit from a loan type, industry and/or geographic standpoint, changes in economic and business conditions, consumer sentiment and other external factors. For accounting methodologies related to the incurred loss method previously used before the adoption of ASC 326, refer to Note 1 - Summary of Significant Accounting Policies and Note 3 - Loans and Allowance for Loan Losses of the Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements included in Item 8, Financial Statements and Supplementary Data , of the 2022 Form 10-K. To estimate the liability for off-balance sheet credit exposures, Bank management analyzed the portfolios of unfunded commitments based on the same segmentation used for the allowance for credit losses calculation. The estimated funding rate for each segment was derived from a funding rate study created by a third-party vendor which analyzed funding of various loan types over time to develop industry benchmarks at the call report code level. Once the estimated future advances were calculated, the allocation rate applicable to that portfolio segment was applied in the same manner as those used for the allowance for credit loss calculation. The resulting estimated loss allocations were totaled to determine the liability for unfunded commitments related to these loans, which management considers necessary to anticipate potential losses on those commitments that have a reasonable probability of funding. As of September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, the liability for unfunded commitments related to loans held for investment was $1.4 million and $0.5 million, respectively. Bank management reviews the loan portfolio on a quarterly basis using a defined, consistently applied process in order to make appropriate and timely adjustments to the ACL. When information confirms all or part of specific loans to be uncollectible, these amounts are promptly charged off against the ACL. The following table presents the balance and activity for the primary segments of the ACL as of the periods shown: Commercial Residential Home Equity Consumer Total (Dollars in thousands) Business Real Estate Acquisition, development and construction Total Commercial June 30, 2023 $ 11,308 $ 3,051 $ 1,707 $ 16,066 $ 7,168 $ 114 $ 6,946 $ 30,294 Provision (release of allowance) for credit losses 1,584 183 343 2,110 (242) (15) (2,012) (159) Charge-offs (4,028) — — (4,028) (359) — (3,677) (8,064) Recoveries 4 7 — 11 — 1 2,193 2,205 ACL at September 30, 2023 $ 8,868 $ 3,241 $ 2,050 $ 14,159 $ 6,567 $ 100 $ 3,450 $ 24,276 (Dollars in thousands) ALL, prior to adoption of ASC 326, at December 31, 2022 $ 8,771 $ 5,704 $ 1,064 $ 15,539 $ 2,880 $ 131 $ 5,287 $ 23,837 Impact of adopting ASC 326 (126) (2,846) 288 (2,684) 3,889 (5) 6,482 7,682 Provision (release of allowance) for credit losses 3,770 363 698 4,831 (328) (29) (4,165) 309 Initial allowance on loans purchased with credit deterioration 710 — — 710 507 — — 1,217 Charge-offs (4,297) — — (4,297) (381) — (11,933) (16,611) Recoveries 40 20 — 60 — 3 7,779 7,842 ACL at September 30, 2023 $ 8,868 $ 3,241 $ 2,050 $ 14,159 $ 6,567 $ 100 $ 3,450 $ 24,276 During the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023, there were charge offs totaling $8.1 million and $16.6 million, respectively. For the three months ended September 30, 2023, $3.7 million, or 46%, of charge offs were related to the subprime consumer automotive segment, $2.4 million, or 30%, was related to a commercial note secured by accounts receivable, $0.9 million, or 11%, was related to a commercial note funding a government lease transaction and the remaining $1.1 million was for multiple unrelated commercial and consumer notes. For the nine months ended September 30, 2023, $12.0 million, or 72%, was related to the subprime consumer automotive segment. Outside of the loans described above, there were an additional four unrelated commercial notes totaling $0.3 million that were charged over the nine months ended September 30, 2023. During the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023, the allowance related to unfunded commitments was not significant. The following table presents the primary segments of the ALL segregated into the amount required for loans individually evaluated for impairment and the amount required for loans collectively evaluated for impairment as of the periods shown: Commercial Residential Home Equity Consumer Total (Dollars in thousands) Business Real Estate Acquisition, development and construction Total Commercial ALL balance at June 30, 2022 $ 8,077 $ 6,641 $ 967 $ 15,685 $ 1,772 $ 141 $ 5,136 $ 22,734 Charge-offs — — — — — — (3,652) (3,652) Recoveries 41 65 — 106 — 1 2,206 2,313 Provision (release) 1,626 (310) 191 1,507 1,165 (6) 2,454 5,120 ALL balance at September 30, 2022 $ 9,744 $ 6,396 $ 1,158 $ 17,298 $ 2,937 $ 136 $ 6,144 $ 26,515 (Dollars in thousands) ALL balance at December 31, 2021 $ 8,027 $ 5,091 $ 982 $ 14,100 $ 1,492 $ 128 $ 2,546 $ 18,266 Charge-offs — — — — — — (7,304) (7,304) Recoveries 51 127 — 178 — 5 3,870 4,053 Provision 1,666 1,178 176 3,020 1,445 3 7,032 11,500 ALL balance at September 30, 2022 $ 9,744 $ 6,396 $ 1,158 $ 17,298 $ 2,937 $ 136 $ 6,144 $ 26,515 Individually evaluated for impairment $ 2,078 $ 221 $ — $ 2,299 $ 84 $ — $ 248 $ 2,631 Collectively evaluated for impairment $ 7,666 $ 6,175 $ 1,158 $ 14,999 $ 2,853 $ 136 $ 5,896 $ 23,884 The following table presents the primary segments of our loan portfolio as of the period shown: Commercial Residential Home Equity Lines of Credit Consumer Total (Dollars in thousands) Business Real Estate Acquisition, development and construction Total Commercial September 30, 2022 Individually evaluated for impairment $ 15,349 $ 1,090 $ 278 $ 16,717 $ 8,421 $ 157 $ 1246 $ 26,541 Collectively evaluated for impairment 856,919 700,395 131,107 1,688,421 596,214 19,219 140,043 2,443,897 Total loans $ 872,268 $ 701,485 $ 131,385 $ 1,705,138 $ 604,635 $ 19,376 $ 141,289 $ 2,470,438 The ACL is based on estimates and actual losses will vary from current estimates. Management believes that the granularity of the portfolio segments, the related loss estimation methodologies and other qualitative factors, as well as the consistency in the application of assumptions, result in an ACL that is representative of the risk found in the components of the portfolio at any given date. Loan Modifications for Borrowers Experiencing Financial Difficulty Occasionally, the Bank modifies loans to borrowers in financial distress by providing concessions that allow for the borrower to lower their payment obligations for a defined period, these may include, but are not limited to: principal forgiveness, payment delays, term extensions, interest rate reductions and any combinations of the preceding. The following tables summarize the amortized cost basis of loans that were modified during three and nine months ended September 30, 2023: (Dollars in thousands) Principal Forgiveness Payment Delay Term Extension Interest Rate Reduction Total Total Class of Financing Receivable September 30, 2023 Commercial Business $ — $ 7,681 $ — $ — $ 7,681 1 % Real estate — 11,321 — — 11,321 2 % Total commercial — 19,002 — — 19,002 1 % Residential — — — — — % Home equity lines of credit — — — — — % Consumer — — — — — % Total $ — $ 19,002 $ — $ — $ 19,002 1 % The above table presents the amortized cost basis of loans at September 30, 2023 that were experiencing financial difficulty and modified during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023, by class and by type of modification. Also presented above is the percentage of the amortized cost basis of loans that were modified to borrowers in financial distress as compared to the amortized cost basis of each class of financing receivable. Fourteen loans to 13 borrowers received payment delay modifications in the nine months ended September 30, 2023, including one secured by commercial office real estate totaling $11.3 million, one commercial loan secured by accounts receivable totaling $0.2 million, and 12 commercial loans with government guarantees totaling $7.5 million. The Bank closely monitors the performance of loans that are modified to borrowers experiencing financial difficulty to understand the effectiveness of its modification efforts. The following table presents the performance of such loans that have been modified as of the period shown: (Doll |
