Financial Instruments and Risk Management | FINANCIAL INSTRUMENTS AND RISK MANAGEMENTThe Company's financial assets and liabilities are comprised of cash, trade and other receivables, trade and other payables, financial derivatives, bank loan, long-term notes, and lease obligations. The fair value of the bank loan is equal to the principal amount outstanding as the credit facilities bear interest at floating rates and credit spreads that are indicative of market rates. The fair value of the long-term notes is determined based on market prices. The carrying value and fair value of the Company's financial instruments carried on the consolidated statements of financial position are classified into the following categories: December 31, 2019 December 31, 2018 Carrying value Fair value Carrying value Fair value Fair Value Measurement Hierarchy Financial Assets FVTPL Financial Derivatives $ 5,433 $ 5,433 $ 79,582 $ 79,582 Level 2 Total $ 5,433 $ 5,433 $ 79,582 $ 79,582 Financial assets at amortized cost Cash $ 5,572 $ 5,572 $ — $ — — Trade and other receivables 173,762 173,762 111,564 111,564 — Total $ 179,334 $ 179,334 $ 111,564 $ 111,564 Financial Liabilities FVTPL Financial Derivatives $ (8,668) $ (8,668) $ — $ — Level 2 Total $ (8,668) $ (8,668) $ — $ — Financial liabilities at amortized cost Trade and other payables $ (207,454) $ (207,454) $ (258,114) $ (258,114) — Bank loan (505,412) (506,471) (520,700) (522,294) — Long-term notes (1,328,175) (1,290,817) (1,583,240) (1,492,363) Level 1 Lease obligations (13,883) (13,883) — — — Total $ (2,054,924) $ (2,018,625) $ (2,362,054) $ (2,272,771) There were no transfers of financial instruments between Level 1 and Level 2 in during the years ended December 31, 2019 or 2018. Financial Risk Baytex is exposed to a variety of financial risks, including market risk, liquidity risk and credit risk. The Company's process to mitigate these risks is described below. Market Risk Market risk is the risk that the fair value or future cash flows of financial assets or liabilities will fluctuate due to movements in market prices. Market risk is comprised of foreign currency risk, interest rate risk and commodity price risk. Foreign Currency Risk Baytex is exposed to fluctuations in foreign exchange rates as a result of the U.S. dollar portion of its bank loan and long-term notes, crude oil sales based on U.S. dollar benchmark prices and commodity financial derivative contracts that are settled in U.S. dollars. The Company's net income or loss, comprehensive income or loss and cash flow will therefore be impacted by fluctuations in foreign exchange rates. To manage the impact of foreign exchange rate fluctuations, the Company may enter into agreements to fix the Canadian to U.S. dollar exchange rate. At December 31, 2019 and 2018, the Company did not have any currency derivative contracts outstanding. A $0.01 increase or decrease in the CAD/USD foreign exchange rate on the revaluation of outstanding U.S. dollar denominated assets and liabilities, would impact net income or loss before income taxes by approxim ately $8.3 million. The carrying amounts of the Company’s U.S. dollar denominated monetary assets and liabilities recorded in entities with a Canadian dollar functional currency at the reporting date are as follows: Assets Liabilities December 31, 2019 December 31, 2018 December 31, 2019 December 31, 2018 U.S. dollar denominated US$8,733 US$80,857 US$841,961 US$963,351 Interest Rate Risk The Company's interest rate risk arises from borrowing at floating rates under the Revolving Facilities and Term Loan (note 10). Based on the Company's principal bank loan outstanding net of the interest rate swap, as at December 31, 2019, a change of 100 basis points in interest rates would have an impact on net income or loss before income taxes of approximately $4.1 million. Interest Rate Swaps The Company mitigates its exposure to interest rate risk by entering into interest rate swap transactions. As of March 3, 2020, Baytex had an interest rate swap outstanding with a notional value of $100 million maturing in October 2020, with a fixed contract price of 2.02% referencing the Canadian Dollar Offered Rate. At December 31, 2019, the interest rate swap had a fair value of zero (December 31, 2018 - $0.3 million). Commodity Price Risk Baytex utilizes financial derivative contracts or physical delivery contracts to manage the risk associated with changes in commodity prices. The use of derivatives is governed by a Risk Management Policy approved by the Board of Directors of Baytex which sets out limits on the use of derivatives. Baytex does not use financial derivatives for speculative purposes. Baytex's financial derivative contracts are subject to master netting agreements that create a legally enforceable right to offset by the counterparty the related financial assets and financial liabilities. When assessing the potential impact of crude oil price changes on the crude oil financial derivative contracts outstanding as at December 31, 2019, a US$1.00/bbl change in the underlying benchmark crude oil prices would impact net income or loss before income taxes by approximately $17.5 million. When assessing the potential impact of natural gas price changes on the financial derivative contracts outstanding as at December 31, 2019, a $0.25 change in the underlying benchmark natural gas prices would impact net income or loss before income taxes by approximately $1.2 million. Financial Derivative Contracts Baytex had the following financial derivative contracts outstanding as of March 3, 2020: Remaining Period Volume Price/Unit (1) Index Oil Basis swap Jan 2020 to Dec 2020 2,500 bbl/d WTI less US$16.10/bbl WCS Basis swap (6) Apr 2020 to Dec 2020 4,000 bbl/d WTI less US$16.38/bbl WCS Basis swap Jan 2020 to Dec 2020 2,000 bbl/d WTI less US$6.50/bbl MSW Basis swap (6) Apr 2020 to Dec 2020 3,000 bbl/d WTI less US$5.92/bbl MSW Fixed - Sell Jan 2020 to Mar 2020 6,000 bbl/d US$56.60/bbl WTI Fixed - Sell Jan 2020 to Dec 2020 2,000 bbl/d US$58.00/bbl WTI 3-way option (2) Jan 2020 to Dec 2020 3,000 bbl/d US$50.00/US$56.00/US$61.35 WTI 3-way option (2) Jan 2020 to Dec 2020 3,000 bbl/d US$50.00/US$57.00/US$60.00 WTI 3-way option (2) Jan 2020 to Dec 2020 4,500 bbl/d US$50.00/US$57.00/US$62.00 WTI 3-way option (2) Jan 2020 to Dec 2020 3,000 bbl/d US$50.00/US$58.00/US$62.00 WTI 3-way option (2) Jan 2020 to Dec 2020 1,000 bbl/d US$51.00/US$58.00/US$60.50 WTI 3-way option (2) Jan 2020 to Dec 2020 1,000 bbl/d US$51.00/US$58.00/US$60.83 WTI 3-way option (2) Jan 2020 to Dec 2020 1,500 bbl/d US$51.00/US$59.00/US$65.60 WTI 3-way option (2) Jan 2020 to Dec 2020 1,500 bbl/d US$51.00/US$59.00/US$66.00 WTI 3-way option (2) Jan 2020 to Dec 2020 1,000 bbl/d US$51.00/US$59.50/US$66.15 WTI 3-way option (2) Jan 2020 to Dec 2020 1,000 bbl/d US$51.00/US$60.00/US$65.60 WTI 3-way option (2) Jan 2020 to Dec 2020 1,000 bbl/d US$51.00/US$60.00/US$66.00 WTI 3-way option (2) Jan 2020 to Dec 2020 1,000 bbl/d US$51.00/US$60.00/US$66.05 WTI 3-way option (2) Jan 2020 to Dec 2020 2,000 bbl/d US$51.00/US$60.00/US$66.70 WTI Swaption (3) Jan 2021 to Dec 2021 3,000 bbl/d US$64.50/bbl Brent Swaption (4) Jan 2021 to Dec 2021 3,000 bbl/d US$70.00/bbl Brent Swaption (4) Jan 2021 to Dec 2021 3,000 bbl/d US$60.75/bbl WTI Natural Gas 3-way option (2) Jan 2020 to Dec 2020 5,000 mmbtu/d US$2.25/US$2.60/US$2.85 NYMEX Swaption (5) Jan 2021 to Dec 2021 5,000 mmbtu/d US$2.90/mmbtu NYMEX (1) Based on the weighted average price per unit for the period. (2) Producer 3-way option consists of a sold call, a bought put and a sold put. To illustrate, in a US50/US$58.00/US$62.00 contract, Baytex receives WTI plus US$8.00/bbl when WTI is at or below US$50.00/bbl; Baytex receives US$58.00/bbl when WTI is between US$50.00/bbl and US$58.00/bbl; Baytex receives the market price when WTI is between US$58.00/bbl and US$62.00/bbl; and Baytex receives US$62.00/bbl when WTI is above US$62.00/bbl. (3) For these contracts, the counterparty has the right, if exercised on September 30, 2020, to enter a swap transaction for the remaining term, notional volume and fixed price per unit indicated above. (4) For these contracts, the counterparty has the right, if exercised on December 31, 2020, to enter a swap transaction for the remaining term, notional volume and fixed price per unit indicated above. (5) For these contracts, the counterparty has the right, if exercised on December 23, 2020, to enter a swap transaction for the remaining term, notional volume and fixed price per unit indicated above. (6) Contracts entered subsequent to December 31, 2019. The following table sets forth the realized and unrealized gains and losses recorded on financial derivatives. Years Ended December 31 2019 2018 Realized financial derivatives (gain) loss $ (75,620) $ 73,165 Unrealized financial derivatives loss (gain) 82,817 (116,715) Financial derivatives loss (gain) $ 7,197 $ (43,550) Liquidity Risk Liquidity risk is the risk that Baytex will encounter difficulty in meeting obligations associated with financial liabilities. Baytex manages its liquidity risk through cash and debt management. Such strategies include monitoring forecasted and actual cash flows from operating, financing and investing activities, available credit under existing banking arrangements, opportunities to issue additional common shares as well as reducing capital expenditures. As at December 31, 2019, Baytex had available unused bank credit facilities in the amount of $523.8 million (December 31, 2018 - $547.7 million). In the event the Company is not able to comply with the financial covenants contained in agreements with its lenders, the Company's ability to access additional debt may be restricted. The timing of cash outflows relating to financial liabilities as at December 31, 2019 is outlined in the table below: Total Less than 1 year 1-3 years 3-5 years Beyond 5 years Trade and other payables $ 207,454 $ 207,454 $ — $ — $ — Bank loan (1)(2) 506,471 — 506,471 — — Long-term notes (2) 1,337,200 — 818,600 518,600 — Interest on long-term notes (3) 217,247 75,625 100,303 41,319 — Lease obligations 14,568 6,216 7,748 604 — $ 2,282,940 $ 289,295 $ 1,433,122 $ 560,523 $ — (1) At December 31, 2019, the bank loan was set to mature on April 2, 2021. On March 3, 2020, Baytex amended the bank loan to extend maturity to April 2, 2024 which will automatically be extended to June 4, 2024 providing the Company has either refinanced or has the ability to repay the outstanding 2024 long-term notes with existing credit capacity as of April 1, 2024. (2) Principal amount of instruments. On February 5, 2020, Baytex issued US$500 million principal amount of 8.75% senior unsecured notes due 2027 and issued a redemption notice for the $300 million principal amount of 6.625% senior unsecured notes due 2022 (note 11). The Company expects to complete the redemption of these notes on March 6, 2020. On February 20, 2020 Baytex completed the redemption of the US$400 million principal amount of senior unsecured notes due 2021 (note 11). (3) Excludes interest on bank loan as interest payments on bank loans fluctuate based on amounts outstanding and interest rates. Credit Risk Credit risk is the risk that a counterparty to a financial asset will default resulting in Baytex incurring a loss. As at December 31, 2019, the Company is exposed to credit risk with respect to its trade and other receivables and financial derivatives. Credit risk is considered very low for the Company's trade and other receivables and financial derivatives due to the external credit ratings of its counterparties and Baytex's process for selecting and monitoring credit-worthy counterparties. Most of the Company's trade and other receivables relate to petroleum and natural gas sales and are exposed to typical industry credit risks. Baytex reviews its exposure to individual entities on a regular basis and manages its credit risk by entering into sales contracts with only creditworthy entities. Letters of credit or parental guarantees may be obtained prior to the commencement of business with certain counterparties. Credit risk may also arise from financial derivative instruments. The maximum exposure to credit risk is equal to the carrying value of the financial assets. The Company considers all financial assets that are not impaired or past due to be of good credit quality. The majority of the Company's credit exposure on accounts receivable at December 31, 2019 relates to accrued revenues for November and December 2019. Accounts receivable from purchasers of the Company's petroleum and natural gas sales are typically collected on the 25th day of the month following production. Joint interest receivables are typically collected within one three Should the Company determine that the ultimate collection of a receivable is in doubt, the carrying amount of accounts receivable is reduced by the use of an allowance for doubtful accounts and a charge to net income or loss. If the Company subsequently determines the accounts receivable is uncollectible, the receivable and allowance for doubtful accounts are adjusted accordingly. As at December 31, 2019, allowance for doubtful accounts was $1.6 million (December 31, 2018 - $1.9 million). In determining whether amounts past due are collectible, the Company will assess the nature of the past due amounts as well as the credit worthiness and past payment history of the counterparty. As at December 31, 2019, accounts receivable that Baytex has deemed past due (more than 90 days) but not impaired was $2.7 million (December 31, 2018 - $2.6 million). Baytex has estimated the lifetime expected credit loss as at and for the years ended December 31, 2019 to be nominal. The Company's trade and other receivables, net of the allowance for doubtful accounts, were aged as follows at December 31, 2019. Trade and Other Receivables Aging December 31, 2019 December 31, 2018 Current (less than 30 days) $ 169,500 $ 104,099 31-60 days 1,199 3,037 61-90 days 342 1,842 Past due (more than 90 days) 2,721 2,586 $ 173,762 $ 111,564 |