STOCK-BASED COMPENSATION | 4. STOCK-BASED COMPENSATION Accounting for Stock-Based Compensation 2021 Stock Incentive Plan The 2021 Stock Incentive Plan (the “2021 Plan”) was adopted on June 23, 2021, with an initial authorization of an aggregate of 600,000 shares of common stock for grants of incentive or nonqualified stock options, rights to purchase restricted and unrestricted shares of common stock, stock appreciation rights and performance share grants. The Compensation Committee determines exercise prices, vesting periods and any performance requirements on the date of grant, subject to the provisions of the 2021 Plan. Options are granted at or above the fair market value of the common stock at the grant date and expire on the tenth anniversary of the grant date. Vesting periods are generally between one At the 2022 annual meeting of stockholders held on June 24, 2022, the Company’s stockholders approved an increase in the number of shares of common stock available for issuance under our 2021 Stock Incentive Plan by 500,000 shares. As of September 30, 2022, there are an aggregate of 612,742 shares available for future grants under the 2021 Plan. During the nine-month periods ended September 30, 2022 and 2021, options granted were 340,250 and 353,750, respectively. The following table summarizes amounts charged to expense for stock-based compensation related to employee and director stock option grants: Three Months Ended Nine Months Ended September 30, September 30, 2022 2021 2022 2021 Employee and director stock option grants: Research and development $ 37,211 $ 62,655 $ 123,638 $ 133,450 General and administrative 330,548 358,506 967,879 612,892 Total stock-based compensation $ 367,759 $ 421,161 $ 1,091,517 $ 746,342 On March 4, 2021, the Company granted 281,000 contingent non-statutory stock option awards at an exercise price of $17.40 per share to its employees. Each of these grants was contingent on approval of the 2021 Plan that was voted on and approved by the stockholders at the Annual Meeting of Stockholders held on June 23, 2021. In accordance with the timing of the stockholder approval, the Company recognized the compensation expense of the contingent non-statutory stock option awards issued in March 2021 beginning in June 2021 and continuing through the remaining vesting period. Assumptions Used in Determining Fair Value Valuation and amortization method Volatility. Risk-free interest rate Expected term Forfeitures. Dividends. Exercise prices for all grants made during the nine months ended September 30, 2022 were equal to the market value of the Company’s common stock on the date of grant. Stock Option Activity A summary of stock option activity is as follows: Weighted Number of Average Shares Issuable Remaining Upon Exercise Weighted Contracted Aggregate of Outstanding Average Term in Intrinsic Options Exercise Price Years Value Outstanding at December 31, 2021 423,820 $ 22.70 $ — Granted 277,850 $ 5.47 Forfeited (95,200) $ 12.78 Outstanding at March 31, 2022 606,470 $ 16.37 9.03 $ — Granted 62,400 $ 4.69 Forfeited (11,543) $ 9.09 Outstanding at June 30, 2022 657,327 $ 15.39 8.84 $ — Granted — Forfeited (3,064) $ 36.04 Outstanding at September 30, 2022 654,263 $ 15.29 8.63 $ — Exercisable, September 30, 2022 202,398 $ 28.00 7.73 $ — Unvested, September 30, 2022 451,865 $ 9.59 9.04 $ — The aggregate intrinsic value of options outstanding is calculated based on the positive difference between the estimated per-share fair value of common stock at the end of the respective period and the exercise price of the underlying options. There have been no option exercises to date. Shares of common stock issued upon the exercise of options are from authorized but unissued shares. As of September 30, 2022, there was approximately $2,144,000 of total unrecognized compensation cost related to unvested stock-based compensation arrangements. Of this total amount, the Company expects to recognize approximately $366,000, $1,244,900, $501,100, and $32,000 during 2022, 2023, 2024, and 2025, respectively. The Company’s expense estimates are based upon the expectation that all unvested options will vest in the future. The weighted-average grant-date fair value of vested and unvested options outstanding as of September 30, 2022 was $20.41 and $6.14, respectively. As of September 30, 2021, the weighted-average grant-date fair value of vested and unvested options was $42.40 and $9.20, respectively. |