Fair Value of Financial Instruments | 3 Months Ended |
Mar. 31, 2014 |
Fair Value of Financial Instruments | ' |
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14. Fair Value of Financial Instruments |
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The Company utilizes a hierarchy of valuation techniques for the disclosure of fair value estimates based on whether the significant inputs into the valuation are observable. In determining the level of hierarchy in which the estimate is disclosed, the highest priority is given to unadjusted quoted prices in active markets and the lowest priority to unobservable inputs that reflect the Company’s significant market assumptions. The Company measures certain assets and liabilities at fair value on a recurring basis, including investment securities classified as available-for-sale, cash equivalents and other invested assets. Following is a brief description of the type of valuation information that qualifies as a financial asset or liability for each level: |
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Level 1 — Unadjusted quoted market prices for identical assets or liabilities in active markets which are accessible by the Company. |
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Level 2 — Observable prices in active markets for similar assets or liabilities. Prices for identical or similar assets or liabilities in markets that are not active. Directly observable market inputs for substantially the full term of the asset or liability, e.g., interest rates and yield curves at commonly quoted intervals, volatilities, prepayment speeds, default rates, and credit spreads. Market inputs that are not directly observable, but are derived from or corroborated by observable market data. |
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Level 3 — Unobservable inputs based on the Company’s own judgment as to assumptions a market participant would use, including inputs derived from extrapolation and interpolation that are not corroborated by observable market data. |
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The Company evaluates the various types of financial assets and liabilities to determine the appropriate fair value hierarchy based upon trading activity and the observation of market inputs. The Company employs control processes to validate the reasonableness of the fair value estimates of its assets and liabilities, including those estimates based on prices and quotes obtained from independent third-party sources. The Company’s procedures generally include, but are not limited to, initial and ongoing evaluation of methodologies used by independent third-parties and additional pricing services are used as a comparison to determine the reasonableness of fair values used in pricing the investment portfolio. |
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The Company recognizes transfers between levels at the actual date of the event or change in circumstances that caused the transfer. |
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Where possible, the Company utilizes quoted market prices to measure fair value. For assets and liabilities that have quoted market prices in active markets, the Company uses the quoted market prices as fair value and includes these prices in the amounts disclosed in Level 1 of the hierarchy. When quoted market prices in active markets are unavailable, the Company determines fair values based on independent external valuation information obtained from independent pricing services, which utilize various models and valuation techniques based on a range of inputs including pricing models, quoted market prices of publicly traded securities with similar duration and yield, time value, yield curve, prepayment speeds, default rates and discounted cash flows. In most cases, these estimates are determined based on independent third-party valuation information, and the amounts are disclosed as Level 2 or Level 3 of the fair value hierarchy depending on the level of observable market inputs. |
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Financial assets measured at fair value on a recurring basis |
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The following table provides information as of March 31, 2014 about the Company’s financial assets measured at fair value on a recurring basis (in thousands): |
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| | Total | | | Quoted | | | Significant | | | Significant | | | | | |
Prices in | Other | Unobservable | | | | |
Active | Observable | Inputs | | | | |
Markets | Inputs | (Level 3) | | | | |
(Level 1) | (Level 2) | | | | | |
U.S. Treasury and government agencies | | $ | 7,490 | | | $ | 7,490 | | | $ | — | | | $ | — | | | | | |
Mortgage-backed securities | | | 3,826 | | | | — | | | | 3,826 | | | | — | | | | | |
States and political subdivisions | | | 3,313 | | | | — | | | | 3,313 | | | | — | | | | | |
Corporate debt securities | | | 31,215 | | | | — | | | | 31,215 | | | | — | | | | | |
Certificates of deposit | | | 4,636 | | | | — | | | | 4,636 | | | | — | | | | | |
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Total investment securities | | | 50,480 | | | | 7,490 | | | | 42,990 | | | | — | | | | | |
Other invested assets | | | 4,212 | | | | — | | | | — | | | | 4,212 | | | | | |
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Total assets | | $ | 54,692 | | | $ | 7,490 | | | $ | 42,990 | | | $ | 4,212 | | | | | |
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The following table provides information as of December 31, 2013 about the Company’s financial assets measured at fair value on a recurring basis (in thousands): |
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| | Total | | | Quoted | | | Significant | | | Significant | | | | | |
Prices in | Other | Unobservable | | | | |
Active | Observable | Inputs | | | | |
Markets | Inputs | (Level 3) | | | | |
(Level 1) | (Level 2) | | | | | |
U.S. Treasury and government agencies | | $ | 17,834 | | | $ | 17,834 | | | $ | — | | | $ | — | | | | | |
Mortgage-backed securities | | | 3,980 | | | | — | | | | 3,980 | | | | — | | | | | |
States and political subdivisions | | | 3,333 | | | | — | | | | 3,333 | | | | — | | | | | |
Corporate debt securities | | | 32,283 | | | | — | | | | 32,283 | | | | — | | | | | |
Certificates of deposit | | | 4,891 | | | | — | | | | 4,891 | | | | — | | | | | |
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Total investment securities | | | 62,321 | | | | 17,834 | | | | 44,487 | | | | — | | | | | |
Other invested assets | | | 4,085 | | | | — | | | | — | | | | 4,085 | | | | | |
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Total assets | | $ | 66,406 | | | $ | 17,834 | | | $ | 44,487 | | | $ | 4,085 | | | | | |
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Level 1 Financial assets |
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Financial assets classified as Level 1 in the fair value hierarchy include U.S. Treasury and government agencies securities. These securities are actively traded and the Company estimates the fair value of these securities using unadjusted quoted market prices. |
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Level 2 Financial assets |
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Financial assets classified as Level 2 in the fair value hierarchy include mortgage-backed securities, tax-exempt securities, corporate bonds and certificates of deposit. The fair value of these securities is determined based on observable market inputs provided by independent third-party pricing services. To date, the Company has not experienced a circumstance where it has determined that an adjustment is required to a quote or price received from independent third-party pricing sources. To the extent the Company determines that a price or quote is inconsistent with actual trading activity observed in that investment or similar investments, the Company would determine a fair value using this observable market information and disclose the occurrence of this circumstance. All of the fair values of securities disclosed in Level 2 are estimated based on independent third-party pricing services. |
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Level 3 Financial assets |
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At March 31, 2014, the Company’s Level 3 financial assets include an investment in a hedge fund, which is presented as other invested assets in the consolidated balance sheets. The Company elected the fair value option for its investment in the hedge fund and measures the fair value of the hedge fund on the basis of the net asset value of the fund as reported by the fund manager. The hedge fund is primarily invested in residential mortgage-backed securities and other asset-backed securities which are recorded at fair value as determined by the fund manager. Such fair value determination is based on quoted marked prices, bid prices, or the fund manager’s proprietary valuation models where quoted prices are unavailable or deemed to be inadequately representative of fair value. Significant decreases in the fair value of the underlying securities in the hedge fund would result in a significantly lower fair value measurement of other invested assets as reported in the consolidated balance sheets. |
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Fair value measurements for assets in Level 3 for the year ended March 31, 2014 were as follows (in thousands): |
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| | Fair Value Measurements | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Using Significant | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Unobservable Inputs | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
(Level 3) | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Other Invested Assets | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Balance at January 1, 2014 | | $ | 4,085 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Transfers into Level 3 | | | — | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Total gains included in earnings as net investment income | | | 127 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Settlements | | | — | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
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Balance at March 31, 2014 | | $ | 4,212 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
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Fair value measurements for assets in Level 3 for the year ended March 31, 2013 were as follows (in thousands): |
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| | Fair Value Measurements | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Using Significant | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Unobservable Inputs | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
(Level 3) | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Other Invested Assets | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Balance at January 1, 2013 | | $ | 3,390 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Transfers into Level 3 | | | — | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Total gains included in earnings as net investment income | | | 157 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Settlements | | | — | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
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Balance at March 31, 2013 | | $ | 3,547 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
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The Company did not have any transfers between Levels 1 and 2 during the three months ended March 31, 2014 or 2013. |
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Financial Instruments Disclosed, But Not Carried, At Fair Value |
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Fair values represent the Company’s best estimates and may not be substantiated by comparisons to independent markets and, in many cases, could not be realized in immediate settlement of the instruments. |
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The following table presents the carrying value and estimated fair value of the Company’s financial assets and liabilities disclosed, but not carried, at fair value at March 31, 2014 and the level within the fair value hierarchy (in thousands): |
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| | Carrying | | | Estimated | | | Level 1 | | | Level 2 | | | Level 3 | |
Value | Fair Value |
Assets: | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Cash and cash equivalents | | $ | 32,181 | | | $ | 32,181 | | | $ | 32,181 | | | $ | — | | | $ | — | |
Fiduciary and restricted cash | | | 6,576 | | | | 6,576 | | | | 6,576 | | | | — | | | | — | |
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Total | | $ | 38,757 | | | $ | 38,757 | | | $ | 38,757 | | | $ | — | | | $ | — | |
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Liabilities: | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Notes payable | | $ | 76,825 | | | $ | 13,610 | | | $ | — | | | $ | — | | | $ | 13,610 | |
Senior secured credit facility | | | 33,931 | | | | 34,577 | | | | — | | | | — | | | | 34,577 | |
Subordinated secured credit facility | | | 14,317 | | | | 12,656 | | | | — | | | | — | | | | 12,656 | |
Mortgage payable | | | 3,136 | | | | 3,136 | | | | — | | | | — | | | | 3,136 | |
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Total | | $ | 128,209 | | | $ | 63,979 | | | $ | — | | | $ | — | | | $ | 63,979 | |
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The following table presents the carrying value and estimated fair value of the Company’s financial assets and liabilities disclosed, but not carried, at fair value at December 31, 2013 and the level within the fair value hierarchy (in thousands): |
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| | Carrying | | | Estimated | | | Level 1 | | | Level 2 | | | Level 3 | |
Value | Fair Value |
Assets: | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Cash and cash equivalents | | $ | 44,569 | | | $ | 44,569 | | | $ | 44,569 | | | $ | — | | | $ | — | |
Fiduciary and restricted cash | | | 1,369 | | | | 1,369 | | | | 1,369 | | | | — | | | | — | |
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Total | | $ | 45,938 | | | $ | 45,938 | | | $ | 45,938 | | | $ | — | | | $ | — | |
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Liabilities: | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Notes payable | | $ | 76,828 | | | $ | 13,181 | | | $ | — | | | $ | — | | | $ | 13,181 | |
Senior secured credit facility | | | 33,523 | | | | 34,476 | | | | — | | | | — | | | | 34,476 | |
Subordinated secured credit facility | | | 13,650 | | | | 11,723 | | | | — | | | | — | | | | 11,723 | |
Mortgage payable | | | 3,562 | | | | 3,562 | | | | — | | | | — | | | | 3,562 | |
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Total | | $ | 127,563 | | | $ | 62,942 | | | $ | — | | | $ | — | | | $ | 62,942 | |
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The fair values of the notes payable, the senior secured credit facility and the subordinated secured credit facility were estimated using discounted cash flow analyses prepared by a third-party valuation source based on inputs and assumptions, such as credit and default risk associated with the debt. The mortgage payable is reported at par value which approximates its fair value due to its short-term nature. |