Pension Plans and Other Postretirement Benefits | Pension Plans and Other Postretirement Benefits NewMarket uses a December 31 measurement date for all of our plans. U.S. Retirement Plans NewMarket sponsors four pension plans for all full-time U.S. employees that offer a benefit based primarily on years of service and compensation. Employees do not contribute to these pension plans. The plans are as follows: • Salaried employees pension plan; • Afton pension plan for union employees (the Sauget plan); • NewMarket retirement income plan for union employees in Houston, Texas (the Houston plan); and • Afton Chemical Additives pension plan for union employees in Port Arthur, Texas (the Port Arthur plan). In addition, we offer an unfunded, nonqualified supplemental pension plan. This plan restores the pension benefits from our regular pension plans that would have been payable to designated participants if it were not for limitations imposed by U.S. federal income tax regulations. We also provide postretirement health care benefits and life insurance to eligible retired employees. A plan amendment, with an effective date of January 1, 2016, was made in 2015 to provide post-65 medical and prescription drug benefits to retirees through a private healthcare exchange with fixed subsidies to eligible retirees through a health reimbursement account. As a result, the postretirement plan liabilities were remeasured at September 1, 2015 resulting in a non-cash improvement in the funded position. The adjustment to accumulated other comprehensive loss is reflected in prior service cost (credit) and is being amortized into expense. The components of net periodic pension and postretirement benefit cost (income), as well as other amounts recognized in other comprehensive income (loss), are shown below. Years Ended December 31, Pension Benefits Postretirement Benefits (in thousands) 2016 2015 2014 2016 2015 2014 Net periodic benefit cost (income) Service cost $ 12,860 $ 13,034 $ 9,608 $ 705 $ 2,244 $ 1,849 Interest cost 13,175 11,938 10,936 1,653 2,548 2,739 Expected return on plan assets (23,137 ) (20,467 ) (17,524 ) (1,239 ) (1,288 ) (1,311 ) Amortization of prior service cost (credit) 187 99 99 (3,028 ) (1,008 ) 9 Amortization of actuarial net (gain) loss 5,243 6,891 3,825 0 0 (713 ) Net periodic benefit cost (income) 8,328 11,495 6,944 (1,909 ) 2,496 2,573 Other changes in plan assets and benefit obligations recognized in other comprehensive income (loss) Actuarial net (gain) loss 9,140 11,095 56,364 156 (1,826 ) 16,264 Prior service cost (credit) 749 0 0 0 (35,768 ) 0 Amortization of actuarial net gain (loss) (5,243 ) (6,891 ) (3,825 ) 0 0 713 Amortization of prior service (cost) credit (187 ) (99 ) (99 ) 3,028 1,008 (9 ) Total recognized in other comprehensive income (loss) 4,459 4,105 52,440 3,184 (36,586 ) 16,968 Total recognized in net periodic benefit cost (income) and other comprehensive income (loss) $ 12,787 $ 15,600 $ 59,384 $ 1,275 $ (34,090 ) $ 19,541 The estimated actuarial net loss to be amortized from accumulated other comprehensive loss into net periodic benefit cost (income) during 2017 is expected to be $5 million for pension plans. The estimated prior service cost to be amortized from accumulated other comprehensive loss into net periodic benefit cost (income) during 2017 is not expected to be material for pension plans. The estimated prior service credit to be amortized from accumulated other comprehensive loss into net periodic benefit cost (income) during 2017 related to postretirement benefits is expected to be $3 million . Changes in the plans’ benefit obligations and assets follow. December 31, Pension Benefits Postretirement Benefits (in thousands) 2016 2015 2016 2015 Change in benefit obligation Benefit obligation at beginning of year $ 292,728 $ 291,119 $ 38,517 $ 74,203 Service cost 12,860 13,034 705 2,244 Interest cost 13,175 11,938 1,653 2,548 Actuarial net (gain) loss 6,087 (14,718 ) (322 ) (1,884 ) Plan amendment 748 0 0 (35,770 ) Benefits paid (9,232 ) (8,645 ) (2,443 ) (2,824 ) Benefit obligation at end of year 316,366 292,728 38,110 38,517 Change in plan assets Fair value of plan assets at beginning of year 260,911 255,571 23,972 24,270 Actual return on plan assets 20,083 (5,346 ) 761 1,228 Employer contributions 19,330 19,331 948 1,298 Benefits paid (9,232 ) (8,645 ) (2,443 ) (2,824 ) Fair value of plan assets at end of year 291,092 260,911 23,238 23,972 Funded status $ (25,274 ) $ (31,817 ) $ (14,872 ) $ (14,545 ) Amounts recognized in the Consolidated Balance Sheets Noncurrent assets $ 15,188 $ 7,297 $ 0 $ 0 Current liabilities (2,781 ) (2,735 ) (1,313 ) (1,396 ) Noncurrent liabilities (37,681 ) (36,379 ) (13,559 ) (13,149 ) $ (25,274 ) $ (31,817 ) $ (14,872 ) $ (14,545 ) Amounts recognized in accumulated other comprehensive loss Actuarial net (gain) loss $ 107,061 $ 103,164 $ (925 ) $ (1,081 ) Prior service cost (credit) 58 (504 ) (31,732 ) (34,760 ) $ 107,119 $ 102,660 $ (32,657 ) $ (35,841 ) The accumulated benefit obligation for all domestic defined benefit pension plans was $272 million at December 31, 2016 and $251 million at December 31, 2015 . The fair market value of plan assets exceeded the accumulated benefit obligation for all domestic plans, except the nonqualified plan, at December 31, 2016 and December 31, 2015 . The fair market value of plan assets exceeded the projected benefit obligation for all domestic plans, except the nonqualified plan, at December 31, 2016 . The fair market value of plan assets exceeded the projected benefit obligation for all domestic plans, except the Salaried and the nonqualified plan, at December 31, 2015 . The net asset position for plans in which assets exceed the projected benefit obligation is included in prepaid pension cost on the Consolidated Balance Sheets. The net liability position of plans in which the projected benefit obligation exceeds assets is included in other noncurrent liabilities on the Consolidated Balance Sheets. A portion of the accrued benefit cost for the nonqualified plan is included in current liabilities at both December 31, 2016 and December 31, 2015 . As the nonqualified plan is unfunded, the amount reflected in current liabilities represents the expected benefit payments related to the nonqualified plan during 2017 . The first table below shows information on domestic pension plans with the accumulated benefit obligation in excess of plan assets. The second table presents information on domestic pension plans with the projected benefit obligation in excess of plan assets. December 31, (in thousands) 2016 2015 Plans with the accumulated benefit obligation in excess of the fair market value of plan assets Projected benefit obligation $ 40,462 $ 37,637 Accumulated benefit obligation 35,939 34,526 Fair market value of plan assets 0 0 December 31, (in thousands) 2016 2015 Plans with the projected benefit obligation in excess of the fair market value of plan assets Projected benefit obligation $ 40,462 $ 232,849 Fair market value of plan assets 0 193,736 There are no assets held by the trustee for the retired beneficiaries of the nonqualified plan. Payments to retired beneficiaries of the nonqualified plan are made with cash from operations. Assumptions —We used the following assumptions to calculate the results of our retirement plans: Pension Benefits Postretirement Benefits 2016 2015 2014 2016 2015 2014 Weighted-average assumptions used to determine net periodic benefit cost (income) for years ended December 31, Discount rate 4.500 % 4.125 % 5.000 % 4.500 % 4.125 % 5.000 % Expected long-term rate of return on plan assets 8.50 % 8.50 % 8.50 % 5.50 % 5.50 % 5.50 % Rate of projected compensation increase 3.50 % 3.50 % 3.50 % Weighted-average assumptions used to determine benefit obligations at December 31, Discount rate 4.250 % 4.500 % 4.125 % 4.250 % 4.500 % 4.125 % Rate of projected compensation increase 3.50 % 3.50 % 3.50 % For pension plans, we base the assumed expected long-term rate of return for plan assets on an analysis of our actual investments, including our asset allocation, as well as an analysis of expected returns. This analysis reflects the expected long-term rates of return for each significant asset class and economic indicator. As of January 1, 2017 , the expected rates were 8.5% for U.S. large cap stocks, 4.4% for fixed income, and 3% for inflation. The range of returns relies both on forecasts and on broad-market historical benchmarks for expected return, correlation, and volatility for each asset class. Our asset allocation is predominantly weighted toward equities. Through our ongoing monitoring of our investments and review of market data, we have determined that we should maintain the expected long-term rate of return for our U.S. plans at 8.5% at December 31, 2016 . For the postretirement plan, we based the assumed expected long-term rate of return for plan assets on an evaluation of projected interest rates, as well as the guaranteed interest rate for our insurance contract. Plan Assets —Pension plan assets are held and distributed by trusts and consist principally of equity securities and investment-grade fixed income securities. We invest directly in equity securities, as well as in funds which primarily hold equity and debt securities. Our target allocation is 90% to 97% in equities and 3% to 10% in debt securities or cash. The pension obligation is long-term in nature and the investment philosophy followed by the Pension Investment Committee is likewise long-term in its approach. The majority of the pension funds are invested in equity securities as historically, equity securities have outperformed debt securities and cash investments, resulting in a higher investment return over the long-term. While in the short-term, equity securities may underperform other investment classes, we are less concerned with short-term results and more concerned with long-term improvement. The pension funds are managed by six different investment companies who predominantly invest in U.S. and international equities. Each investment company’s performance is reviewed quarterly. A small portion of the funds is in investments such as cash or short-term bonds, which historically has been less vulnerable to short-term market swings. These funds are used to provide the cash needed to meet our monthly obligations. There are no significant concentrations of risk within plan assets, nor do the equity securities include any NewMarket common stock for any year presented. The assets of the postretirement benefit plan are invested completely in an insurance contract held by Metropolitan Life. No NewMarket common stock is included in these assets. The following table provides information on the fair value of our pension and postretirement benefit plans assets, as well as the related level within the fair value hierarchy. Investments that are measured at fair value using the net asset value per share (or its equivalent) practical expedient have not been classified by level in the fair value hierarchy. December 31, 2016 December 31, 2015 Fair Value Measurements Using Fair Value Measurements Using (in thousands) Fair Value Level 1 Level 2 Level 3 Fair Value Level 1 Level 2 Level 3 Pension Plans Equity securities: U. S. companies $ 232,895 $ 232,895 $ 0 $ 0 $ 211,471 $ 211,471 $ 0 $ 0 International companies 1,757 1,757 0 0 9,512 9,512 0 0 Real estate investment trusts 2,653 2,653 0 0 3,339 3,339 0 0 Money market instruments 11,120 11,120 0 0 5,854 5,854 0 0 Pooled investment funds: Fixed income securities—mutual funds 8,799 8,799 0 0 8,560 8,560 0 0 International equities—mutual fund 13,104 13,104 0 0 0 0 0 0 Common collective trust measured at net asset value 19,780 19,329 Cash and cash equivalents 0 0 0 0 1,927 1,927 0 0 Insurance contract 984 0 984 0 919 0 919 0 $ 291,092 $ 270,328 $ 984 $ 0 $ 260,911 $ 240,663 $ 919 $ 0 Postretirement Plans Insurance contract $ 23,238 $ 0 $ 23,238 $ 0 $ 23,972 $ 0 $ 23,972 $ 0 The valuation methodologies used to develop the fair value measurements for the investments in the table above is outlined below. There have been no changes in the valuation techniques used to value the investments. • Equity securities, including common stock and real estate investment trusts, are valued at the closing price reported on a national exchange. • Money market instruments are valued at cost, which approximates fair value. • Mutual funds are valued at the closing price reported on a national exchange. • The common collective trust (the trust) is valued at the net asset value of units held based on the quoted market value of the underlying investments held by the fund. The trust invests primarily in a diversified portfolio of equity securities of companies located outside of the United States and Canada, as determined by a company's jurisdiction of incorporation. We may make withdrawals from the trust on the first business day of each month with at least ten business days' notice. There are no restrictions on redemption as of December 31, 2016 or December 31, 2015 . • Cash and cash equivalents are valued at cost. • The insurance contracts are unallocated funds deposited with an insurance company and are stated at an amount equal to the sum of all amounts deposited less the sum of all amounts withdrawn, adjusted for investment return. Cash Flows —For U.S. plans, NewMarket expects to contribute $19 million to our pension plans in 2017 . Contributions to our postretirement benefit plans are not expected to be material. The expected benefit payments for the next ten years are as follows. (in thousands) Expected Pension Benefit Payments Expected Postretirement Benefit Payments 2017 $ 10,785 $ 2,908 2018 11,614 2,737 2019 12,505 2,590 2020 13,271 2,449 2021 14,141 2,330 2022 through 2026 85,936 10,400 Foreign Retirement Plans For most employees of our foreign subsidiaries, NewMarket has defined benefit pension plans that offer benefits based primarily on years of service and compensation. These defined benefit plans provide benefits for employees of our foreign subsidiaries located in Belgium, the United Kingdom, Germany, Canada, and Mexico. NewMarket generally contributes to investment trusts and insurance accounts to provide for these plans. The components of net periodic pension cost (income), as well as other amounts recognized in other comprehensive income (loss), for these foreign defined benefit pension plans are shown below. Years Ended December 31, (in thousands) 2016 2015 2014 Net periodic benefit cost (income) Service cost $ 6,926 $ 8,150 $ 6,213 Interest cost 4,915 4,932 5,993 Expected return on plan assets (6,638 ) (7,077 ) (8,012 ) Amortization of prior service cost (credit) (83 ) (95 ) (102 ) Amortization of actuarial net (gain) loss 1,021 1,587 1,092 Settlements and curtailments 0 0 1,817 Net periodic benefit cost (income) 6,141 7,497 7,001 Other changes in plan assets and benefit obligations recognized in other comprehensive income (loss) Actuarial net (gain) loss 3,215 (5,461 ) 13,004 Settlements and curtailments 0 0 (1,069 ) Amortization of actuarial net gain (loss) (1,021 ) (1,587 ) (1,092 ) Amortization of prior service (cost) credit 83 95 102 Total recognized in other comprehensive income (loss) 2,277 (6,953 ) 10,945 Total recognized in net periodic benefit cost (income) and other comprehensive income (loss) $ 8,418 $ 544 $ 17,946 The settlements and curtailments amounts for 2014 in the table above reflect the termination of the Canadian Hourly pension plan and the settlement of the Canadian Salary pension plan. The estimated actuarial net loss to be amortized from accumulated other comprehensive loss into net periodic benefit cost (income) during 2017 is expected to be $1 million . The estimated prior service credit expected to be amortized from accumulated other comprehensive loss into net periodic benefit cost (income) during 2017 is expected to be $0.1 million . Changes in the benefit obligations and assets of the foreign defined benefit pension plans follow. December 31, (in thousands) 2016 2015 Change in benefit obligation Benefit obligation at beginning of year $ 146,748 $ 158,279 Service cost 6,926 8,150 Interest cost 4,915 4,932 Employee contributions 832 917 Actuarial net (gain) loss 25,794 (10,736 ) Benefits paid (3,501 ) (5,203 ) Foreign currency translation (24,613 ) (9,591 ) Benefit obligation at end of year 157,101 146,748 Change in plan assets Fair value of plan assets at beginning of year 138,646 142,986 Actual return on plan assets 29,026 1,923 Employer contributions 5,441 5,981 Employee contributions 832 917 Benefits paid (3,501 ) (5,203 ) Foreign currency translation (25,567 ) (7,958 ) Fair value of plan assets at end of year 144,877 138,646 Funded status $ (12,224 ) $ (8,102 ) Amounts recognized in the Consolidated Balance Sheets Noncurrent assets $ 10,612 $ 13,133 Current liabilities (295 ) (302 ) Noncurrent liabilities (22,541 ) (20,933 ) $ (12,224 ) $ (8,102 ) Amounts recognized in accumulated other comprehensive loss Actuarial net (gain) loss $ 42,809 $ 40,615 Prior service cost (credit) 39 (44 ) Transition obligation 10 10 $ 42,858 $ 40,581 The accumulated benefit obligation for all foreign defined benefit pension plans was $132 million at December 31, 2016 and $125 million at December 31, 2015 . The fair market value of plan assets exceeded both the accumulated benefit obligation and projected benefit obligation for the United Kingdom and the Canadian Salary plans at both year-end 2016 and 2015. The net asset position of the United Kingdom and Canadian Salary plans are included in prepaid pension cost on the Consolidated Balance Sheets at December 31, 2016 and December 31, 2015. The accumulated benefit obligation and projected benefit obligation exceeded the fair market value of plan assets for the German, Belgian, and Mexican plans at December 31, 2016 and December 31, 2015. The accrued benefit cost of these plans is included in other noncurrent liabilities on the Consolidated Balance Sheets. As the German plan is unfunded, a portion of the accrued benefit cost for the German plan is included in current liabilities at year-end 2016 and 2015, reflecting the expected benefit payments related to the plan for the following year. The first table below shows information on foreign pension plans with the accumulated benefit obligation in excess of plan assets. The second table shows information on foreign pension plans with the projected benefit obligation in excess of plan assets. December 31, (in thousands) 2016 2015 Plans with the accumulated benefit obligation in excess of the fair market value of plan assets Projected benefit obligation $ 32,407 $ 30,521 Accumulated benefit obligation 21,310 20,005 Fair market value of plan assets 9,568 9,286 December 31, (in thousands) 2016 2015 Plans with the projected benefit obligation in excess of the fair market value of plan assets Projected benefit obligation $ 32,407 $ 30,521 Fair market value of plan assets 9,568 9,286 Assumptions —The information in the table below provides the weighted-average assumptions used to calculate the results of our foreign defined benefit pension plans. 2016 2015 2014 Weighted-average assumptions used to determine net periodic benefit cost (income) for the years ended December 31, Discount rate 3.58 % 3.11 % 4.01 % Expected long-term rate of return on plan assets 5.10 % 5.03 % 5.66 % Rate of projected compensation increase 4.28 % 4.27 % 4.25 % Weighted-average assumptions used to determine benefit obligations at December 31, Discount rate 2.53 % 3.58 % 3.11 % Rate of projected compensation increase 4.20 % 4.28 % 4.27 % The actuarial assumptions used by the various foreign locations are based upon the circumstances of each particular country and pension plan. The factors impacting the determination of the long-term rate of return for a particular foreign pension plan include the market conditions within a particular country, as well as the investment strategy and asset allocation of the specific plan. Plan Assets —Pension plan assets vary by foreign location and plan. Assets are held and distributed by trusts and, depending upon the foreign location and plan, consist primarily of pooled equity funds, pooled corporate and government debt securities funds, a pooled investment property fund, cash, and insurance contracts. The combined weighted-average target allocation of our foreign pension plans is 51% in pooled equity funds, 38% in pooled debt securities funds, 6% in insurance contracts, and 5% in a pooled investment property fund. While the pension obligation is long-term in nature for each of our foreign plans, the investment strategies followed by each plan vary to some degree based upon the laws of a particular country, as well as the provisions of the specific pension trust. The United Kingdom and Canadian plans are invested predominantly in pooled equity securities funds and pooled debt securities funds. The funds of these plans are managed by various trustees and investment companies whose performance is reviewed throughout the year. The Belgian plan is invested in an insurance contract. The Mexican plan is invested in various mutual funds. The German plan has no assets. There are no significant concentrations of risk within plan assets, nor do the equity securities include any NewMarket common stock for any year presented. The following table provides information on the fair value of our foreign pension plans assets, as well as the related level within the fair value hierarchy. Investments that are measured at fair value using the net asset value per share (or its equivalent) practical expedient have not been classified by level in the fair value hierarchy. December 31, 2016 December 31, 2015 Fair Value Measurements Using Fair Value Measurements Using (in thousands) Fair Value Level 1 Level 2 Level 3 Fair Value Level 1 Level 2 Level 3 Insurance contract $ 9,399 $ 0 $ 9,399 $ 0 $ 9,139 $ 0 $ 9,139 $ 0 Mutual funds 169 169 0 0 146 146 0 0 Cash and cash equivalents 427 427 0 0 321 321 0 0 Pooled investment funds (measured at net asset value): Equity securities—U.S. companies 9,341 9,522 Equity securities—international companies 64,903 61,588 Debt securities—corporate 284 22,890 Debt securities—government 55,273 28,696 Cash and cash equivalents 349 405 Property 4,732 5,939 $ 144,877 $ 596 $ 9,399 $ 0 $ 138,646 $ 467 $ 9,139 $ 0 The valuation methodologies used to develop the fair value measurements for the investments in the table above are outlined below. There have been no changes in the valuation techniques used to value the investments. • The insurance contract represents funds deposited with an insurance company and is stated at an amount equal to the sum of all amounts deposited less the sum of all amounts withdrawn, adjusted for investment return. • Mutual funds are valued at the closing price reported on a national exchange. • Cash and cash equivalents are valued at cost. • The pooled investment funds are valued at the net asset value of units held by the plans based on the quoted market value of the underlying investments held by the fund. The United Kingdom pension plan is invested in units of a property fund and units of life insurance policies that are linked to equity securities funds and government bond funds. The underlying assets of the equity funds and bond funds are traded on a national exchange and are based on tracking various indices of the London Stock Exchange. Both the equity and bond funds can trade 46 days per year with notice of two days prior to the transaction day. The property fund invests primarily in direct United Kingdom commercial property and has no redemption restrictions. There were no unfunded commitments for the United Kingdom pension plan funds. The Canadian pension plan is invested in a pooled Canadian equity fund and a pooled diversified fund. The Canadian equity fund invests in a diversification (sector and industry) of equities listed on a recognized Canadian exchange. The diversified fund invests in a balanced portfolio of marketable securities and controls short-term risk by diversification in equities, bonds and cash. There are no redemption restrictions on the pooled Canadian funds and there were no unfunded commitments. Cash Flows —For foreign pension plans, NewMarket expects to contribute $5 million to the plans in 2017 . The expected benefit payments for the next ten years for our foreign pension plans are shown in the table below. (in thousands) Expected Pension Benefit Payments 2017 $ 2,975 2018 3,865 2019 3,276 2020 4,555 2021 3,683 2022 through 2026 22,336 |