Pension Plans and Other Postretirement Benefits | Pension Plans and Other Postretirement Benefits NewMarket uses a December 31 measurement date for all of our plans. U.S. Retirement Plans NewMarket sponsors four pension plans for all full-time U.S. employees that offer a benefit based primarily on years of service and compensation. Employees do not contribute to these pension plans. The plans are as follows: • Salaried employees pension plan; • Afton pension plan for union employees (the Sauget plan); • NewMarket retirement income plan for union employees in Houston, Texas (the Houston plan); and • Afton Chemical Additives pension plan for union employees in Port Arthur, Texas (the Port Arthur plan). In addition, we offer an unfunded, nonqualified supplemental pension plan. This plan restores the pension benefits from our regular pension plans that would have been payable to designated participants if it were not for limitations imposed by U.S. federal income tax regulations. We also provide postretirement health care benefits and life insurance to eligible retired employees. A plan amendment, with an effective date of January 1, 2016, was made in 2015 to provide post-65 medical and prescription drug benefits to retirees through a private healthcare exchange with fixed subsidies to eligible retirees through a health reimbursement account. As a result, the postretirement plan liabilities were remeasured at September 1, 2015 resulting in a non-cash improvement in the funded position. The adjustment to accumulated other comprehensive loss is reflected in prior service cost (credit) and is being amortized into expense. The components of net periodic pension and postretirement benefit cost (income), as well as other amounts recognized in other comprehensive income (loss), are shown below. Years Ended December 31, Pension Benefits Postretirement Benefits (in thousands) 2017 2016 2015 2017 2016 2015 Net periodic benefit cost (income) Service cost $ 13,679 $ 12,860 $ 13,034 $ 774 $ 705 $ 2,244 Interest cost 13,289 13,175 11,938 1,582 1,653 2,548 Expected return on plan assets (26,146 ) (23,137 ) (20,467 ) (1,197 ) (1,239 ) (1,288 ) Amortization of prior service cost (credit) 26 187 99 (3,029 ) (3,028 ) (1,008 ) Amortization of actuarial net (gain) loss 4,725 5,243 6,891 0 0 0 Net periodic benefit cost (income) 5,573 8,328 11,495 (1,870 ) (1,909 ) 2,496 Other changes in plan assets and benefit obligations recognized in other comprehensive income (loss) Actuarial net (gain) loss (13,386 ) 9,140 11,095 2,635 156 (1,826 ) Prior service cost (credit) 0 749 0 0 0 (35,768 ) Amortization of actuarial net gain (loss) (4,725 ) (5,243 ) (6,891 ) 0 0 0 Amortization of prior service (cost) credit (26 ) (187 ) (99 ) 3,029 3,028 1,008 Total recognized in other comprehensive income (loss) (18,137 ) 4,459 4,105 5,664 3,184 (36,586 ) Total recognized in net periodic benefit cost (income) and other comprehensive income (loss) $ (12,564 ) $ 12,787 $ 15,600 $ 3,794 $ 1,275 $ (34,090 ) The estimated actuarial net loss to be amortized from accumulated other comprehensive loss into net periodic benefit cost (income) during 2018 is expected to be $5 million for pension plans. The estimated prior service cost to be amortized from accumulated other comprehensive loss into net periodic benefit cost (income) during 2018 is not expected to be material for pension plans. The estimated prior service credit to be amortized from accumulated other comprehensive loss into net periodic benefit cost (income) during 2018 related to postretirement benefits is expected to be $3 million . Changes in the plans’ benefit obligations and assets follow. December 31, Pension Benefits Postretirement Benefits (in thousands) 2017 2016 2017 2016 Change in benefit obligation Benefit obligation at beginning of year $ 316,366 $ 292,728 $ 38,110 $ 38,517 Service cost 13,679 12,860 774 705 Interest cost 13,289 13,175 1,582 1,653 Actuarial net (gain) loss 25,828 6,087 2,506 (322 ) Plan amendment 0 748 0 0 Benefits paid (10,350 ) (9,232 ) (2,534 ) (2,443 ) Benefit obligation at end of year 358,812 316,366 40,438 38,110 Change in plan assets Fair value of plan assets at beginning of year 291,092 260,911 23,238 23,972 Actual return on plan assets 65,360 20,083 1,067 761 Employer contributions 19,319 19,330 1,133 948 Benefits paid (10,350 ) (9,232 ) (2,534 ) (2,443 ) Fair value of plan assets at end of year 365,421 291,092 22,904 23,238 Funded status $ 6,609 $ (25,274 ) $ (17,534 ) $ (14,872 ) Amounts recognized in the Consolidated Balance Sheets Noncurrent assets $ 48,515 $ 15,188 $ 0 $ 0 Current liabilities (2,793 ) (2,781 ) (1,278 ) (1,313 ) Noncurrent liabilities (39,113 ) (37,681 ) (16,256 ) (13,559 ) $ 6,609 $ (25,274 ) $ (17,534 ) $ (14,872 ) Amounts recognized in accumulated other comprehensive loss Actuarial net (gain) loss $ 88,950 $ 107,061 $ 1,710 $ (925 ) Prior service cost (credit) 32 58 (28,703 ) (31,732 ) $ 88,982 $ 107,119 $ (26,993 ) $ (32,657 ) The accumulated benefit obligation for all domestic defined benefit pension plans was $307 million at December 31, 2017 and $272 million at December 31, 2016 . The fair market value of plan assets exceeded the accumulated benefit obligation for all domestic plans, except the nonqualified plan, at December 31, 2017 and December 31, 2016 . The fair market value of plan assets exceeded the projected benefit obligation for all domestic plans, except the nonqualified plan, at December 31, 2017 and December 31, 2016 . The net asset position for plans in which assets exceed the projected benefit obligation is included in prepaid pension cost on the Consolidated Balance Sheets. The net liability position of plans in which the projected benefit obligation exceeds assets is included in other noncurrent liabilities on the Consolidated Balance Sheets. A portion of the accrued benefit cost for the nonqualified plan is included in current liabilities at both December 31, 2017 and December 31, 2016 . As the nonqualified plan is unfunded, the amount reflected in current liabilities represents the expected benefit payments related to the nonqualified plan during 2018 . The first table below shows information on domestic pension plans with the accumulated benefit obligation in excess of plan assets. The second table presents information on domestic pension plans with the projected benefit obligation in excess of plan assets. December 31, (in thousands) 2017 2016 Plans with the accumulated benefit obligation in excess of the fair market value of plan assets Projected benefit obligation $ 41,906 $ 40,462 Accumulated benefit obligation 38,105 35,939 Fair market value of plan assets 0 0 December 31, (in thousands) 2017 2016 Plans with the projected benefit obligation in excess of the fair market value of plan assets Projected benefit obligation $ 41,906 $ 40,462 Fair market value of plan assets 0 0 There are no assets held by the trustee for the retired beneficiaries of the nonqualified plan. Payments to retired beneficiaries of the nonqualified plan are made with cash from operations. Assumptions —We used the following assumptions to calculate the results of our retirement plans: Pension Benefits Postretirement Benefits 2017 2016 2015 2017 2016 2015 Weighted-average assumptions used to determine net periodic benefit cost (income) for years ended December 31, Discount rate 4.250 % 4.500 % 4.125 % 4.250 % 4.500 % 4.125 % Expected long-term rate of return on plan assets 8.50 % 8.50 % 8.50 % 5.50 % 5.50 % 5.50 % Rate of projected compensation increase 3.50 % 3.50 % 3.50 % Weighted-average assumptions used to determine benefit obligations at December 31, Discount rate 3.750 % 4.250 % 4.500 % 3.750 % 4.250 % 4.500 % Rate of projected compensation increase 3.50 % 3.50 % 3.50 % For pension plans, we base the assumed expected long-term rate of return for plan assets on an analysis of our actual investments, including our asset allocation, as well as an analysis of expected returns. This analysis reflects the expected long-term rates of return for each significant asset class and economic indicator. As of January 1, 2018 , the expected rates were 8.5% for U.S. large cap stocks, 4.1% for fixed income, and 3.1% for inflation. The range of returns relies both on forecasts and on broad-market historical benchmarks for expected return, correlation, and volatility for each asset class. Our asset allocation is predominantly weighted toward equities. Through our ongoing monitoring of our investments and review of market data, we have determined that we should maintain the expected long-term rate of return for our U.S. plans at 8.5% at December 31, 2017 . For the postretirement plan, we based the assumed expected long-term rate of return for plan assets on an evaluation of projected interest rates, as well as the guaranteed interest rate for our insurance contract. Plan Assets —Pension plan assets are held and distributed by trusts and consist principally of equity securities and investment-grade fixed income securities. We invest directly in equity securities, as well as in funds which primarily hold equity and debt securities. Our target allocation is 90% to 97% in equities, 3% to 10% in debt securities and 1% to 5% in cash. The pension obligation is long-term in nature and the investment philosophy followed by the Pension Investment Committee is likewise long-term in its approach. The majority of the pension funds are invested in equity securities as historically, equity securities have outperformed debt securities and cash investments, resulting in a higher investment return over the long-term. While in the short-term, equity securities may underperform other investment classes, we are less concerned with short-term results and more concerned with long-term improvement. The pension funds are managed by five different investment companies who predominantly invest in U.S. and international equities. Each investment company’s performance is reviewed quarterly. A small portion of the funds is in investments such as cash or short-term bonds, which historically has been less vulnerable to short-term market swings. These funds are used to provide the cash needed to meet our monthly obligations. There are no significant concentrations of risk within plan assets, nor do the equity securities include any NewMarket common stock for any year presented. The assets of the postretirement benefit plan are invested completely in an insurance contract held by Metropolitan Life. No NewMarket common stock is included in these assets. The following table provides information on the fair value of our pension and postretirement benefit plans assets, as well as the related level within the fair value hierarchy. Investments that are measured at fair value using the net asset value per share (or its equivalent) practical expedient have not been classified by level in the fair value hierarchy. December 31, 2017 December 31, 2016 Fair Value Measurements Using Fair Value Measurements Using (in thousands) Fair Value Level 1 Level 2 Level 3 Fair Value Level 1 Level 2 Level 3 Pension Plans Equity securities: U. S. companies $ 286,103 $ 286,103 $ 0 $ 0 $ 232,895 $ 232,895 $ 0 $ 0 International companies 2,074 2,074 0 0 1,757 1,757 0 0 Real estate investment trusts 3,487 3,487 0 0 2,653 2,653 0 0 Money market instruments 18,395 18,395 0 0 11,120 11,120 0 0 Pooled investment funds: Fixed income securities—mutual funds 8,958 8,958 0 0 8,799 8,799 0 0 International equities—mutual fund 16,715 16,715 0 0 13,104 13,104 0 0 Common collective trusts measured at net asset value 26,084 19,780 Insurance contract 3,605 0 3,605 0 984 0 984 0 $ 365,421 $ 335,732 $ 3,605 $ 0 $ 291,092 $ 270,328 $ 984 $ 0 Postretirement Plans Insurance contract $ 22,904 $ 0 $ 22,904 $ 0 $ 23,238 $ 0 $ 23,238 $ 0 The valuation methodologies used to develop the fair value measurements for the investments in the table above is outlined below. There have been no changes in the valuation techniques used to value the investments. • Equity securities, including common stock and real estate investment trusts, are valued at the closing price reported on a national exchange. • Money market instruments are valued at cost, which approximates fair value. • Pooled investment funds—Mutual funds are valued at the closing price reported on a national exchange. • The common collective trusts (the trusts) are valued at the net asset value of units held based on the quoted market value of the underlying investments held by the funds. One of the trusts invests primarily in a diversified portfolio of equity securities of companies located outside of the United States and Canada, as determined by a company's jurisdiction of incorporation. We may make withdrawals from this trust on the first business day of each month with at least ten business days' notice. The other trust invests primarily in a diversified portfolio of equity securities included in the S&P 500 index. There are no restrictions on redemption for the trusts and there were no unfunded commitments. • Cash and cash equivalents are valued at cost. • The insurance contracts are unallocated funds deposited with an insurance company and are stated at an amount equal to the sum of all amounts deposited less the sum of all amounts withdrawn, adjusted for investment return. Cash Flows —For U.S. plans, NewMarket expects to contribute $19 million to our pension plans in 2018 . Contributions to our postretirement benefit plans are not expected to be material. The expected benefit payments for the next ten years are as follows. (in thousands) Expected Pension Benefit Payments Expected Postretirement Benefit Payments 2018 $ 11,404 $ 2,815 2019 12,426 2,659 2020 13,227 2,511 2021 14,256 2,391 2022 15,154 2,278 2023 through 2027 92,183 10,277 Foreign Retirement Plans For most employees of our foreign subsidiaries, NewMarket has defined benefit pension plans that offer benefits based primarily on years of service and compensation. These defined benefit plans provide benefits for employees of our foreign subsidiaries located in Belgium, the United Kingdom, Germany, Canada, and Mexico. NewMarket generally contributes to investment trusts and insurance accounts to provide for these plans. The components of net periodic pension cost (income), as well as other amounts recognized in other comprehensive income (loss), for these foreign defined benefit pension plans are shown below. Years Ended December 31, (in thousands) 2017 2016 2015 Net periodic benefit cost (income) Service cost $ 7,437 $ 6,926 $ 8,150 Interest cost 4,314 4,915 4,932 Expected return on plan assets (8,479 ) (6,638 ) (7,077 ) Amortization of prior service cost (credit) (79 ) (83 ) (95 ) Amortization of actuarial net (gain) loss 959 1,021 1,587 Net periodic benefit cost (income) 4,152 6,141 7,497 Other changes in plan assets and benefit obligations recognized in other comprehensive income (loss) Actuarial net (gain) loss (3,029 ) 3,215 (5,461 ) Amortization of actuarial net gain (loss) (959 ) (1,021 ) (1,587 ) Amortization of prior service (cost) credit 79 83 95 Total recognized in other comprehensive income (loss) (3,909 ) 2,277 (6,953 ) Total recognized in net periodic benefit cost (income) and other comprehensive income (loss) $ 243 $ 8,418 $ 544 The estimated actuarial net loss to be amortized from accumulated other comprehensive loss into net periodic benefit cost (income) during 2018 is expected to be $1 million . The estimated prior service credit to be amortized from accumulated other comprehensive loss into net periodic benefit cost (income) during 2018 is not expected to be material. Changes in the benefit obligations and assets of the foreign defined benefit pension plans follow. December 31, (in thousands) 2017 2016 Change in benefit obligation Benefit obligation at beginning of year $ 157,101 $ 146,748 Service cost 7,437 6,926 Interest cost 4,314 4,915 Acquisition 1,888 0 Employee contributions 766 832 Actuarial net (gain) loss 2,417 25,794 Benefits paid (5,157 ) (3,501 ) Foreign currency translation 17,049 (24,613 ) Benefit obligation at end of year 185,815 157,101 Change in plan assets Fair value of plan assets at beginning of year 144,877 138,646 Actual return on plan assets 13,778 29,026 Employer contributions 5,646 5,441 Employee contributions 766 832 Benefits paid (5,157 ) (3,501 ) Acquisition 1,910 0 Foreign currency translation 15,148 (25,567 ) Fair value of plan assets at end of year 176,968 144,877 Funded status $ (8,847 ) $ (12,224 ) Amounts recognized in the Consolidated Balance Sheets Noncurrent assets $ 17,980 $ 10,612 Current liabilities (346 ) (295 ) Noncurrent liabilities (26,481 ) (22,541 ) $ (8,847 ) $ (12,224 ) Amounts recognized in accumulated other comprehensive loss Actuarial net (gain) loss $ 38,831 $ 42,809 Prior service cost (credit) 118 39 Transition obligation 0 10 $ 38,949 $ 42,858 The accumulated benefit obligation for all foreign defined benefit pension plans was $155 million at December 31, 2017 and $132 million at December 31, 2016 . The fair market value of plan assets exceeded both the accumulated benefit obligation and projected benefit obligation for the United Kingdom and the Canadian Salary plans at both year-end 2017 and 2016. The net asset position of the United Kingdom and Canadian Salary plans are included in prepaid pension cost on the Consolidated Balance Sheets at December 31, 2017 and December 31, 2016. The accumulated benefit obligation and projected benefit obligation exceeded the fair market value of plan assets for the German and Belgian plans at December 31, 2017 and for the German, Belgian, and Mexican plans at December 31, 2016. For the two Mexican plans, the fair market value of plan assets exceeded the accumulated benefit obligation but not the projected benefit obligation at December 31, 2017. The accrued benefit cost of these plans is included in other noncurrent liabilities on the Consolidated Balance Sheets. As the German plan is unfunded, a portion of the accrued benefit cost for the German plan is included in current liabilities at year-end 2017 and 2016, reflecting the expected benefit payments related to the plan for the following year. The first table below shows information on foreign pension plans with the accumulated benefit obligation in excess of plan assets. The second table shows information on foreign pension plans with the projected benefit obligation in excess of plan assets. December 31, (in thousands) 2017 2016 Plans with the accumulated benefit obligation in excess of the fair market value of plan assets Projected benefit obligation $ 36,687 $ 32,407 Accumulated benefit obligation 23,704 21,310 Fair market value of plan assets 10,151 9,568 December 31, (in thousands) 2017 2016 Plans with the projected benefit obligation in excess of the fair market value of plan assets Projected benefit obligation $ 39,074 $ 32,407 Fair market value of plan assets 12,247 9,568 Assumptions —The information in the table below provides the weighted-average assumptions used to calculate the results of our foreign defined benefit pension plans. 2017 2016 2015 Weighted-average assumptions used to determine net periodic benefit cost (income) for the years ended December 31, Discount rate 2.53 % 3.58 % 3.11 % Expected long-term rate of return on plan assets 5.50 % 5.10 % 5.03 % Rate of projected compensation increase 4.20 % 4.28 % 4.27 % Weighted-average assumptions used to determine benefit obligations at December 31, Discount rate 2.36 % 2.53 % 3.58 % Rate of projected compensation increase 4.14 % 4.20 % 4.28 % The actuarial assumptions used by the various foreign locations are based upon the circumstances of each particular country and pension plan. The factors impacting the determination of the long-term rate of return for a particular foreign pension plan include the market conditions within a particular country, as well as the investment strategy and asset allocation of the specific plan. Plan Assets —Pension plan assets vary by foreign location and plan. Assets are held and distributed by trusts and, depending upon the foreign location and plan, consist primarily of pooled equity funds, pooled debt securities funds, pooled diversified funds, equity securities, debt securities, cash, and insurance contracts. The combined weighted-average target allocation of our foreign pension plans is 38% in equities (including pooled funds), 37% in debt securities (including pooled funds), 6% in insurance contracts, and 19% in pooled diversified funds. While the pension obligation is long-term in nature for each of our foreign plans, the investment strategies followed by each plan vary to some degree based upon the laws of a particular country, as well as the provisions of the specific pension trust. The United Kingdom and Canadian plans are invested predominantly in equity securities funds, diversified funds, and debt securities funds. The funds of these plans are managed by various trustees and investment companies whose performance is reviewed throughout the year. The Belgian plan is invested in an insurance contract. The Mexican plans are invested in various mutual funds, equities, and debt securities. The German plan has no assets. There are no significant concentrations of risk within plan assets, nor do the equity securities include any NewMarket common stock for any year presented. The following table provides information on the fair value of our foreign pension plans assets, as well as the related level within the fair value hierarchy. Investments that are measured at fair value using net asset value per share (or its equivalent) have not been classified by level in the fair value hierarchy. December 31, 2017 December 31, 2016 Fair Value Measurements Using Fair Value Measurements Using (in thousands) Fair Value Level 1 Level 2 Level 3 Fair Value Level 1 Level 2 Level 3 Insurance contract $ 10,151 $ 0 $ 10,151 $ 0 $ 9,399 $ 0 $ 9,399 $ 0 Equity securities—international companies 755 755 0 0 0 0 0 0 Debt securities 872 801 71 0 0 0 0 0 Pooled investment funds—mutual funds 469 469 0 0 169 169 0 0 Cash and cash equivalents 825 825 0 0 427 427 0 0 Pooled investment funds (measured at net asset value): Equity securities—U.S. companies 10,621 9,341 Equity securities—international companies 56,803 64,903 Debt securities 63,007 55,557 Diversified growth funds 33,465 0 Cash and cash equivalents 0 349 Property 0 4,732 $ 176,968 $ 2,850 $ 10,222 $ 0 $ 144,877 $ 596 $ 9,399 $ 0 The valuation methodologies used to develop the fair value measurements for the investments in the table above are outlined below. There have been no changes in the valuation techniques used to value the investments. • The insurance contract represents funds deposited with an insurance company and is stated at an amount equal to the sum of all amounts deposited less the sum of all amounts withdrawn, adjusted for investment return. • Equity securities are valued at the closing price reported on a national exchange. • Debt securities are valued by quoted market prices or valued based on yields currently available on comparable securities of issuers with similar credit ratings. • Pooled investment funds that are mutual funds are valued at the closing price reported on a national exchange. • Cash and cash equivalents are valued at cost. • The pooled investment funds are valued at the net asset value of units held by the plans based on the quoted market value of the underlying investments held by the fund. The United Kingdom pension plan is invested in units of life insurance policies that are linked to equity securities funds, government bond funds and diversified growth funds. The underlying assets of the equity funds, bond funds, and diversified growth funds are traded on a national exchange and are based on tracking various indices of the London Stock Exchange. There are no redemption restrictions on these funds. There were no unfunded commitments for the United Kingdom pension plan funds. The Canadian pension plan is invested in a pooled Canadian equity fund and a pooled diversified fund. The Canadian equity fund invests in a diversification (sector and industry) of equities listed on a recognized Canadian exchange. The diversified fund invests in a balanced portfolio of marketable securities and controls short-term risk by diversification in equities, bonds and cash. There are no redemption restrictions on the pooled Canadian funds and there were no unfunded commitments. Cash Flows —For foreign pension plans, NewMarket expects to contribute $6 million to the plans in 2018 . The expected benefit payments for the next ten years for our foreign pension plans are shown in the table below. (in thousands) Expected Pension Benefit Payments 2018 $ 4,061 2019 4,087 2020 4,540 2021 4,637 2022 3,773 2023 through 2027 28,938 |