Loans | (3) Loans Schedule of Components of Loans 2023 2022 At December 31, 2023 2022 Residential real estate $ 71,400 $ 50,354 Multi-family real estate 67,498 69,555 Commercial real estate 422,680 310,695 Land and construction 32,600 17,286 Commercial 41,870 5,165 Consumer 44,023 30,323 Total loans 680,071 483,378 Deduct: Net deferred loan fees (1,294 ) (367 ) Allowance for credit losses (7,683 ) (5,793 ) Loans, net $ 671,094 $ 477,218 The Company makes the majority of its loans to borrowers in Broward County, Florida and portions of Palm Beach and Miami-Dade Counties, Florida. Although the Company has a diversified loan portfolio, a significant portion of its borrowers’ ability to repay their loans and meet their contractual obligations to the Company is dependent upon the economy in Broward, Palm Beach and Miami-Dade Counties, Florida. (continued) OPTIMUMBANK HOLDINGS, INC. AND SUBSIDIARY Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (3) Loans, Continued. Schedule of Changes in Allowance for Loan Losses Residential Real Estate Multi-Family Real Estate Commercial Real Estate Land and Construction Commercial Consumer Total Year Ended December 31, 2023: Beginning balance 768 748 3,262 173 277 565 5,793 Additional allowance recognized due to adoption of Topic 326 33 327 (367 ) 278 (262 ) 209 218 Balance January 1, 2023 801 1,075 2,895 451 15 774 6,011 Credit loss expense 219 (34 ) 898 568 250 1,858 3,759 Provision for loan losses Charge-offs — — — — (71 ) (2,371 ) (2,442 ) Recoveries — — — — 87 268 355 Ending balance 1,020 1,041 3,793 1,019 281 529 7,683 Year Ended December 31, 2022: Beginning balance 482 535 1,535 32 74 417 3,075 Provision for loan losses 286 213 1,727 141 244 855 3,466 Charge-offs — — — — (97 ) (804 ) (901 ) Recoveries — — — — 56 97 153 Ending balance 768 $ 748 $ 3,262 $ 173 $ 277 $ 565 $ 5,793 The balance in the allowance for loan losses and the recorded investment in loans by portfolio segment and based on impairment method as of December 31, 2022 follows (in thousands): At December 31, 2022: Residential Real Estate Multi-Family Real Estate Commercial Real Estate Land and Construction Commercial Consumer Total Collectively evaluated for impairment: Recorded investment $ 50,354 $ 69,555 $ 310,695 $ 17,286 $ 5,165 $ 30,323 $ 483,378 Balance in allowance for loan losses $ 768 $ 748 $ 3,262 $ 173 $ 277 $ 565 $ 5,793 (continued) OPTIMUMBANK HOLDINGS, INC. AND SUBSIDIARY Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (3) Loans, Continued. Residential Real Estate, Multi-Family Real Estate, Commercial Real Estate, Land and Construction Commercial Consumer (continued) OPTIMUMBANK HOLDINGS, INC. AND SUBSIDIARY Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (3) Loans, Continued. Schedule of Loans by Credit Quality Pass OLEM (Other Loans Especially Mentioned) Sub- standard Doubtful Loss Total At December 31, 2023: Residential real estate $ 71,400 $ — $ — $ — $ — $ 71,400 Multi-family real estate 67,498 — — — — 67,498 Commercial real estate 421,471 — 1,209 — — 422,680 Land and construction 32,600 — — — — 32,600 Commercial 41,870 — — — — 41,870 Consumer 42,998 — 1,025 — — 44,023 Total $ 677,837 $ — $ 2,234 $ — $ — $ 680,071 At December 31, 2022: Residential real estate $ 50,354 $ — $ — $ — $ — $ 50,354 Multi-family real estate 69,555 — — — — 69,555 Commercial real estate 309,458 — 1,237 — — 310,695 Land and construction 17,286 — — — — 17,286 Commercial 5,165 — — — — 5,165 Consumer 30,323 — — — — 30,323 Total $ 482,141 $ — $ 1,237 $ — $ — $ 483,378 Internally assigned loan grades are defined as follows: Pass – a Pass loan’s primary source of loan repayment is satisfactory, with secondary sources very likely to be realized if necessary. These are loans that conform in all aspects to bank policy and regulatory requirements, and no repayment risk has been identified. OLEM – an Other Loan Especially Mentioned has potential weaknesses that deserve management’s close attention. If left uncorrected, these potential weaknesses may result in the deterioration of the repayment prospects for the asset or the Company’s credit position at some future date. Substandard – a Substandard loan is inadequately protected by the current sound worth and paying capacity of the obligor or of the collateral pledged, if any. Loans so classified must have a well-defined weakness or weaknesses that jeopardize the liquidation of the debt. Included in this category are loans that are current on their payments, but the Bank is unable to document the source of repayment. They are characterized by the distinct possibility that the Company will sustain some loss if the deficiencies are not corrected. Doubtful – a loan classified as Doubtful has all the weaknesses inherent in one classified as Substandard, with the added characteristics that the weaknesses make collection or liquidation in full, on the basis of currently existing facts, conditions, and values, highly questionable and improbable. This classification does not mean that the asset has absolutely no recovery or salvage value, but rather it is not practical or desirable to defer writing off this basically worthless asset even though partial recovery may be affected in the future. The Company charges off any loan classified as Doubtful. Loss – a loan classified as Loss is considered uncollectible and of such little value that continuance as a bankable asset is not warranted. This classification does not mean that the asset has absolutely no recovery or salvage value, but rather it is not practical or desirable to defer writing off this basically worthless asset even though partial recovery may be affected in the future. The Company fully charges off any loan classified as Loss. (continued) OPTIMUMBANK HOLDINGS, INC. AND SUBSIDIARY Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (3) Loans, Continued. Schedule of Age Analysis of Past-due Loans Accruing Loans 30-59 Days Past Due 60-89 Days Past Due Greater Than 90 Days Past Due Total Past Due Current Nonaccrual Loans Total Loans At December 31, 2023: Residential real estate $ — $ — $ — $ — $ 71,400 $ — $ 71,400 Multi-family real estate — — — — 67,498 — 67,498 Commercial real estate — — — — 422,680 — 422,680 Land and construction — — — — 32,600 — 32,600 Commercial — — — — 41,870 — 41,870 Consumer 230 208 — 438 42,560 1,025 44,023 Total $ 230 $ 208 $ — $ 438 $ 678,608 $ 1,025 $ 680,071 At December 31, 2022: Residential real estate $ — $ — $ — $ — $ 50,354 $ — $ 50,354 Multi-family real estate — — — — 69,555 — 69,555 Commercial real estate — — — — 310,695 — 310,695 Land and construction — — — — 17,286 — 17,286 Commercial — — — — 5,165 — 5,165 Consumer 150 27 — 177 30,146 — 30,323 Total $ 150 $ 27 $ — $ 177 $ 483,201 $ — $ 483,378 (continued) OPTIMUMBANK HOLDINGS, INC. AND SUBSIDIARY Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (3) Loans, Continued. Schedule of Amortized Cost Basis Term Loans Revolving Loans Amortized Cost Basis by Origination Year Revolving Converted to Term Land and construction 2023 2022 2021 2020 2019 Prior Loans (Amortized Cost Basis) Loans (Amortized Cost Basis) Total Pass $ 11,869 $ 14,933 $ 2,689 $ 1,488 $ 1,621 $ — $ — $ — $ 32,600 OLEM (Other Loans Especially Mentioned) — — — — — — — — — Substandard — — — — — — — — — Doubtful — — — — — — — — — Loss — — — — — — — — — Subtotal loans $ 11,869 $ 14,933 $ 2,689 $ 1,488 $ 1,621 $ — $ — $ — $ 32,600 Current period Gross write-offs $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — Residential real estate Pass $ 21,343 $ 25,898 $ 9,747 $ 4,777 $ 4,044 $ 4,844 $ 747 $ — $ 71,400 OLEM (Other Loans Especially Mentioned) — — — — — — — — — Substandard — — — — — — — — — Doubtful — — — — — — — — — Loss — — — — — — — — — Subtotal loans $ 21,343 $ 25,898 $ 9,747 $ 4,777 $ 4,044 $ 4,844 $ 747 $ — $ 71,400 Current period Gross write-offs $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — Multi-family real estate Pass $ 1,369 $ 29,561 $ 27,224 $ 6,086 $ 2,064 $ 1,194 $ — $ — $ 67,498 OLEM (Other Loans Especially Mentioned) — — — — — — — — — Substandard — — — — — — — — — Doubtful — — — — — — — — — Loss — — — — — — — — — Subtotal loans $ 1,369 $ 29,561 $ 27,224 $ 6,086 $ 2,064 $ 1,194 $ — $ — $ 67,498 Current period Gross write-offs $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — Commercial real estate Pass $ 123,081 $ 204,425 $ 52,536 $ 15,297 $ 12,593 $ 13,539 $ — $ — $ 421,471 OLEM (Other Loans Especially Mentioned) — — — — — — — — — Substandard — — — — 1,209 — — — 1,209 Doubtful — — — — — — — — — Loss — — — — — — — — — Subtotal loans $ 123,081 $ 204,425 $ 52,536 $ 15,297 $ 13,802 $ 13,539 $ — $ — $ 422,680 Current period Gross write-offs $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — Commercial business loans Pass $ 37,854 $ 1,935 $ 1,403 $ 634 $ 44 $ — $ — $ — $ 41,870 OLEM (Other Loans Especially Mentioned) — — — — — — — Substandard — — — — — — — Doubtful — — — — — — — Loss — — — — — — — Subtotal loans $ 37,854 $ 1,935 $ 1,403 $ 634 $ 44 $ — $ — $ — $ 41,870 Current period Gross write-offs $ (45 ) $ — $ — $ — $ — $ (26 ) $ — $ — $ (71 ) Consumer Pass $ 8,657 $ 7,033 $ 3,627 $ 147 $ 111 $ — $ 23,423 $ — $ 42,998 OLEM (Other Loans Especially Mentioned) — — — — — — — — — Substandard — — — — — — 1,025 — 1,025 Doubtful — — — — — — — — — Loss — — — — — — — — — Subtotal loans $ 8,657 $ 7,033 $ 3,627 $ 147 $ 111 $ — $ 24,448 $ — $ 44,023 Current period Gross write-offs $ (423 ) $ (1,065 ) $ (880 ) $ (3 ) $ — $ — $ — $ — $ (2,371 ) (continued) OPTIMUMBANK HOLDINGS, INC. AND SUBSIDIARY Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (3) Loans, Continued The Company has not made any modifications of loans to borrowers experiencing financial difficulties during the year ended December 31, 2023. The Company recognized $ 85,000 no No loans have been determined to be troubled debt restructurings (TDR’s) during the year ended December 31, 2022. At December 31, 2022, there were no loans modified and entered into TDR’s within the past twelve months, that subsequently defaulted during the year ended December 31, 2022. There were no |