The Company and Significant Accounting Policies | 9 Months Ended |
Sep. 30, 2013 |
Accounting Policies [Abstract] | ' |
The Company and Significant Accounting Policies | ' |
Note 1 – The Company and Significant Accounting Policies |
Business. The accompanying consolidated financial statements include the accounts of QC Holdings, Inc. and its wholly-owned subsidiaries, QC Financial Services, Inc., QC Auto Services, Inc. (QC Auto), QC Loan Services, Inc., QC E-Services, Inc., QC Canada Holdings Inc. and QC Capital, Inc. (collectively, the Company). QC Financial Services, Inc. is the 100% owner of QC Financial Services of California, Inc., Financial Services of North Carolina, Inc., QC Financial Services of Texas, Inc., Express Check Advance of South Carolina, LLC (ECA), QC Advance, Inc., Cash Title Loans, Inc. and QC Properties, LLC. QC Canada Holdings Inc. is the 100% owner of Direct Credit Holdings Inc. and its wholly owned subsidiaries (collectively, Direct Credit). QC Holdings, Inc., incorporated in 1998 under the laws of the State of Kansas, was founded in 1984, and has provided various retail consumer financial products and services throughout its 29-year history. The Company’s common stock trades on the NASDAQ Global Market exchange under the symbol “QCCO.” |
Since 1998, the Company has been primarily engaged in the business of providing short-term consumer loans, known as payday loans, with principal values that typically range from $100 to $500. Payday loans provide customers with cash in exchange for a promissory note with a maturity of generally two to three weeks and supported by that customer’s personal check for the aggregate amount of the cash advanced plus a fee. The fee varies from state to state, based on applicable regulations and generally ranges from $15 to $20 per $100 borrowed. To repay the cash advance, customers may redeem their check by paying cash or they may allow the check to be presented to the bank for collection. |
The Company also provides other consumer financial products and services, such as installment loans, credit services, check cashing services, title loans, open-end credit, prepaid debit cards, money transfers and money orders. All of the Company’s loans and other services are subject to state regulation, which vary from state to state, as well as to federal and local regulation, where applicable. As of September 30, 2013, the Company operated 432 branches with locations in Alabama, Arizona, California, Colorado, Idaho, Illinois, Kansas, Kentucky, Louisiana, Mississippi, Missouri, Nebraska, Nevada, New Mexico, Ohio, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Utah, Virginia, Washington and Wisconsin. In fourth quarter 2012, the Company decided it would close 38 underperforming branches during first half 2013. The Company closed 33 of these branches during first quarter 2013 and closed the remaining five branches during second quarter 2013. |
The Company began offering branch-based installment loans to customers in its Illinois branches during second quarter 2006 and expanded that product offering to customers in additional states during 2009 and 2010. In 2012, the Company introduced new installment loan products (signature loans and auto equity loans) to meet high customer demand for longer-term loan options. These new products are higher-dollar and longer-term installment loans that are centrally underwritten and distributed through the Company’s existing branch network. As of September 30, 2013, the Company offered the installment loan products to its customers in Arizona, California, Colorado, Idaho, Illinois, Missouri, New Mexico, South Carolina, Utah and Wisconsin. The installment loans are payable in monthly installments (principal plus accrued interest) with terms typically ranging from four months to 48 months, and all loans are pre-payable at any time without penalty. The fee for the installment loan varies based on the amount borrowed and the term of the loan. Generally, the amount that the Company advances under an installment loan ranges from $400 to $3,000. The average principal amount across all installment loan products originated during the nine months ended September 30, 2013 was approximately $694. |
On September 30, 2011, QC Canada Holdings Inc., a wholly-owned subsidiary of the Company, acquired 100% of the outstanding stock of Direct Credit Holdings Inc., a British Columbia company engaged in short-term, consumer Internet lending in certain Canadian provinces. Direct Credit was founded in 1999 and has developed and grown a proprietary Internet-based model into a leading platform in Canada. The acquisition of Direct Credit is part of the implementation of the Company’s strategy to diversify by increasing its product offerings and distribution, as well as by expanding its presence into international markets. |
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Basis of Presentation. The consolidated financial statements of QC Holdings, Inc. included herein have been prepared by the Company, without audit, pursuant to the rules and regulations of the United States Securities and Exchange Commission. Certain information and footnote disclosures normally included in financial statements prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (US GAAP) have been condensed or omitted pursuant to such rules and regulations, although the Company believes that the disclosures are adequate to enable a reasonable understanding of the information presented. The Consolidated Balance Sheet as of December 31, 2012 was derived from the audited financial statements of the Company, but does not include all disclosures required by US GAAP. These consolidated financial statements should be read in conjunction with the Company’s audited financial statements and the notes thereto included in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2012. |
The Company’s Automotive segment is being presented as a discontinued operation in the Consolidated Statements of Operations. All revenue and expenses reported for each period herein have been adjusted to reflect reclassification of the discontinued automotive business. The assets and liabilities comprising the Automotive segment meet the criteria to be classified as held-for-sale in accordance with accounting guidance and are being aggregated and presented as assets and liabilities from discontinued operations in the Consolidated Balance Sheets. See additional information in Note 5. |
In the opinion of the Company’s management, the accompanying unaudited consolidated financial statements contain all adjustments (consisting of normal closing procedures) necessary to present fairly the financial position of the Company and its subsidiary companies as of September 30, 2013, and the results of operations and comprehensive income for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2012 and 2013 and cash flows for the nine months ended September 30, 2012 and 2013, in conformity with US GAAP. The results of operations for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2013 are not necessarily indicative of the results to be expected for the full year 2013. |
Use of Estimates. In preparing financial statements in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America, management is required to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities, the disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements, and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. On an on-going basis, management evaluates its estimates and judgments, including those related to allowance for losses on loans, fair value measurements used in goodwill impairment tests, long-lived assets, income taxes, contingencies and litigation. Management bases its estimates on historical experience, empirical data and on various other assumptions that are believed to be reasonable under the circumstances, the results of which form the basis for making judgments about the carrying values of assets and liabilities. Actual results could differ from those estimates. |
Loans Receivable, Provision for Losses and Allowance for Loan Losses. When the Company enters into a payday or title loan with a customer, the Company records a loan receivable for the amount loaned to the customer plus the fee charged by the Company, which varies from state to state based on applicable regulations. |
The following table summarizes certain data with respect to the Company’s payday loans: |
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| | Three Months Ended | | | Nine Months Ended | |
| | September 30, | | | September 30, | |
| | 2012 | | | 2013 | | | 2012 | | | 2013 | |
Average amount of cash provided to customer | | $ | 323.01 | | | $ | 326.54 | | | $ | 322.23 | | | $ | 325.52 | |
Average fee received by the Company | | $ | 57.37 | | | $ | 59.07 | | | $ | 57.53 | | | $ | 59.15 | |
Average term of the loan (days) | | | 17.9 | | | | 17.8 | | | | 17.9 | | | | 17.9 | |
When the Company enters into an installment loan with a customer, the Company records a loan receivable for the amount loaned to the customer. At each period end, the Company records any accrued fees and interest as a receivable, which vary from state to state based on applicable regulations. |
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When checks are presented to the bank for payment of payday loans and returned as uncollected, all accrued fees, interest and outstanding principal are charged-off as uncollectible, generally within 14 days after the due date. Accordingly, payday loans included in the receivable balance at any given point in time are typically not older than 30 days. These charge-offs are recorded as expense through the provision for losses. Any recoveries on losses previously charged to expense are recorded as a reduction to the provision for losses in the period recovered. With respect to title loans, no additional fees or interest are charged after the loan has defaulted, which generally occurs after attempts to contact the customer have been unsuccessful. Based on state regulations and operating procedures, the Company stops accruing interest on installment loans between 60 to 90 days after the last payment. On automotive loans, the Company stops accruing interest on 60 days after the last payment. |
With respect to the loans receivable at the end of each reporting period, the Company maintains an aggregate allowance for loan losses (including fees and interest) for payday loans, title loans, and installment loans at levels estimated to be adequate to absorb estimated incurred losses in the respective outstanding loan portfolios. The Company does not specifically reserve for any individual loan. |
The methodology for estimating the allowance for payday and title loan losses utilizes a four-step approach, which reflects the short-term nature of the loan portfolio at each period-end, the historical collection experience in the month following each reporting period-end and any fluctuations in recent general economic conditions. First, the Company computes the loss/volume ratio for the last month of each reporting period. The loss/volume ratio represents the percentage of aggregate net payday and title loan charge-offs to total payday and title loan volumes during a given period. Second, the Company computes an adjustment to this percentage to reflect the collections experience in the month immediately following the reporting period-end. To estimate collections experience, the Company computes an average of the change in the loss/volume ratio from the last month of each reporting period to the immediate subsequent month-end for each of the last three years (excluding the current year). This change is then added to, or subtracted from, the loss/volume ratio computed for the last month of the current reporting period to derive an experience-adjusted loss/volume ratio. Third, the period-end gross payday and title loans receivable balance is multiplied by the experience-adjusted loss/volume ratio to determine the initial estimate of the allowance for loan losses. Fourth, the Company reviews and evaluates various qualitative factors that may or may not affect the computed initial estimate of the allowance for loan losses, including, among others, known changes in state regulations or laws, changes to the Company’s business and operating structure, and geographic or demographic developments. In connection with the Company’s decision in 2012 to close 38 branches during the first half of 2013, the Company recorded a $1.3 million qualitative adjustment to increase its allowance for loan losses as of December 31, 2012. As of September 30, 2013, the Company determined that no qualitative adjustment was needed. |
The Company maintains an allowance for installment loans at a level it considers sufficient to cover estimated losses in the collection of its installment loans. The allowance calculation for installment loans is based upon historical charge-off experience (primarily a six-month trailing average of charge-offs to total volume) and qualitative factors, with consideration given to recent credit loss trends and economic factors. In connection with the Company’s decision in 2012 to close 38 branches during the first half of 2013, the Company recorded a $344,000 qualitative adjustment to increase its allowance for loan losses as of December 31, 2012. As of September 30, 2013, the Company determined that no qualitative adjustment was needed. |
The Company records an allowance for other receivables based upon an analysis that gives consideration to payment recency, delinquency levels and other general economic conditions. |
Based on the information discussed above, the Company records an adjustment to the allowance for loan losses through the provision for losses. The overall allowance represents the Company’s best estimate of probable losses inherent in the outstanding loan portfolio at the end of each reporting period. |
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On occasion, the Company will sell certain payday loan receivables that the Company had previously charged off to third parties for cash. The sales are recorded as a credit to the overall loss provision, which is consistent with the Company’s policy for recording recoveries noted above. The following table summarizes cash received from the sale of these payday loan receivables (in thousands): |
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| | Three Months Ended | | | Nine Months Ended | |
| | September 30, | | | September 30, | |
| | 2012 | | | 2013 | | | 2012 | | | 2013 | |
Cash received from sale of payday loan receivables | | $ | 177 | | | $ | 205 | | | $ | 457 | | | $ | 483 | |
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