SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES (Policies) | 12 Months Ended |
Dec. 31, 2013 |
Accounting Policies [Abstract] | ' |
Basis of Presentation | ' |
Basis of Presentation. The accompanying consolidated financial statements are prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (GAAP) and include the accounts of the Company and its subsidiaries. All significant intercompany accounts and transactions have been eliminated in consolidation. |
The Company’s Automotive business is being presented as a discontinued operation in the Consolidated Statements of Operations as a result of the sale in December 2013 discussed above. The operational results of the automotive business have been reclassified as discontinued operations in the consolidated financial statements for all periods presented. Unless otherwise stated, footnote references refer to continuing operations. See additional information in Note 6. |
Use of Estimates | ' |
Use of Estimates. In preparing financial statements in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America, management is required to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities, the disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements, and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. On an on-going basis, management evaluates its estimates and judgments, including those related to allowance for losses on loans, fair value measurements used in goodwill impairment tests, long-lived assets, income taxes, contingencies and litigation. Management bases its estimates on historical experience, empirical data and on various other assumptions that are believed to be reasonable under the circumstances, the results of which form the basis for making judgments about the carrying values of assets and liabilities. Actual results could differ from those estimates. |
Revenue Recognition | ' |
Revenue Recognition. The Company records revenue from payday and title loans upon issuance. The term of a loan is generally two to three weeks for a payday loan and 30 days for a title loan. At the end of each month, the Company records an estimate of the unearned revenue that results in revenues being recognized on a constant-yield basis ratably over the term of each loan. |
The Company records revenues from installment loans using the simple interest method. |
With respect to the Company’s credit service organization (CSO) in Texas, the Company earns a CSO fee for arranging for an unrelated third-party to make a loan to the consumer and for providing related services to the consumer, including a guarantee of the consumer’s obligation to the third-party lender. The Company also services the loan for the lender. The CSO fee is recognized ratably over the term of the loan. |
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With respect to the open-end product, the Company earns interest on the outstanding balance and the product also includes a monthly non-refundable membership fee. The open-end credit product is very similar to a credit card as the customer is granted a grace period of 25 days to repay the loan without incurring any interest. |
The Company recognizes revenues for its other consumer financial products and services, which includes check cashing, money transfers and money orders, at the time those services are rendered to the customer, which is generally at the point of sale. |
The components of “Other” revenues as reported in the Consolidated Statements of Income are as follows (in thousands): |
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| | Year Ended December 31, | |
| | 2011 | | | 2012 | | | 2013 | |
Credit service fees | | $ | 7,194 | | | $ | 6,731 | | | $ | 6,192 | |
Check cashing fees | | | 3,353 | | | | 2,887 | | | | 2,594 | |
Title loan fees | | | 4,552 | | | | 2,678 | | | | 789 | |
Open-end credit fees | | | 8 | | | | 528 | | | | 1,861 | |
Other fees | | | 2,227 | | | | 2,299 | | | | 2,255 | |
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Total | | $ | 17,334 | | | $ | 15,123 | | | $ | 13,691 | |
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Cash and Cash Equivalents | ' |
Cash and Cash Equivalents. Cash and cash equivalents include cash on hand and short-term investments with original maturities of three months or less. The carrying amount of cash and cash equivalents approximates the estimated fair value at December 31, 2012 and 2013. Substantially all cash balances are in excess of federal deposit insurance limits. |
Restricted Cash | ' |
Restricted Cash and Other. Restricted cash and other includes cash in certain money market accounts and certificates of deposit. The restricted cash balances at December 31, 2012 and 2013 are restricted primarily due to licensing requirements in certain states. |
Loans Receivable, Provision for Losses and Allowance for Loan Losses | ' |
Loans Receivable, Provision for Losses and Allowance for Loan Losses. When the Company enters into a payday loan with a customer, the Company records a loan receivable for the amount loaned to the customer plus the fee charged by the Company, which varies from state to state based on applicable regulations. |
The following table summarizes certain data with respect to the Company’s payday loans: |
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| | Year Ended December 31, | |
| | 2011 | | | 2012 | | | 2013 | |
Average amount of cash provided to customer | | $ | 314.56 | | | $ | 320.48 | | | $ | 323.91 | |
Average fee received by the Company | | $ | 56.65 | | | $ | 57.67 | | | $ | 59.23 | |
Average term of loan (days) | | | 17 | | | | 18 | | | | 18 | |
When the Company enters into an installment loan with a customer, the Company records a loan receivable for the amount loaned to the customer. At each period end, the Company records any accrued fees and interest as a receivable, which vary from state to state based on applicable regulations. |
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The Company records a provision for losses associated with uncollectible loans. For payday loans, all accrued fees, interest and outstanding principal are charged off on the date the Company receives a returned check, a rejected ACH or denied debit card submission, generally within 14 days after the due date of the loan. Accordingly, payday loans included in the receivable balance at any given point in time are typically not older than 30 days. These charge-offs are recorded as expense through the provision for losses. Any recoveries on losses previously charged to expense are recorded as a reduction to the provision for losses in the period recovered. With respect to title loans, no additional fees or interest are charged after the loan has defaulted, which generally occurs after attempts to contact the customer have been unsuccessful. Based on state regulations and operating procedures, the Company stops accruing interest on installment loans between 60 to 90 days after the last payment. |
With respect to the loans receivable at the end of each reporting period, the Company maintains an aggregate allowance for loan losses (including fees and interest) for payday loans, title loans and installment loans at levels estimated to be adequate to absorb estimated incurred losses in the respective outstanding loan portfolios. The Company does not specifically reserve for any individual loan. |
The methodology for estimating the allowance for payday and title loan losses utilizes a four-step approach, which reflects the short-term nature of the loan portfolio at each period-end, the historical collection experience in the month following each reporting period-end and any fluctuations in recent general economic conditions. First, the Company computes the loss/volume ratio for the last month of each reporting period. The loss/volume ratio represents the percentage of aggregate net payday and title loan charge-offs to total payday and title loan volumes during a given period. Second, the Company computes an adjustment to this percentage to reflect the collections experience in the month immediately following the reporting period-end. To estimate collections experience, the Company computes an average of the change in the loss/volume ratio from the last month of each reporting period to the immediate subsequent month-end for each of the last three years (excluding the current year). This change is then added to, or subtracted from, the loss/volume ratio computed for the last month of the current reporting period to derive an experience-adjusted loss/volume ratio. Third, the period-end gross payday and title loans receivable balance is multiplied by the experience-adjusted loss/volume ratio to determine the initial estimate of the allowance for loan losses. Fourth, the Company reviews and evaluates various qualitative factors that may or may not affect the computed initial estimate of the allowance for loan losses, including, among others, known changes in state regulations or laws, changes to the Company’s business and operating structure, and geographic or demographic developments. In connection with the Company’s decision in 2012 to close 38 branches during the first half of 2013, the Company recorded a $1.3 million qualitative adjustment to increase its allowance for loan losses as of December 31, 2012. In connection with the Company’s decision in 2013 to close 35 branches during the first half of 2014, the Company recorded a $1.0 million qualitative adjustment to increase its allowance for loan losses as of December 31, 2013. |
The Company maintains an allowance for installment loans at a level it considers sufficient to cover estimated losses in the collection of its installment loans. The allowance calculation for installment loans is based upon historical charge-off experience (primarily a six-month trailing average of charge-offs to total volume) and qualitative factors, with consideration given to recent credit loss trends and economic factors. In connection with the Company’s decision in 2012 to close 38 branches during the first half of 2013, the Company recorded a $344,000 qualitative adjustment to increase its allowance for loan losses as of December 31, 2012. In connection with the Company’s decision in 2013 to close 35 branches during the first half of 2014, the Company recorded a $262,000 qualitative adjustment to increase its allowance for loan losses as of December 31, 2013. |
The Company records an allowance for other receivables based upon an analysis that gives consideration to payment recency, delinquency levels and other general economic conditions. |
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Based on the information discussed above, the Company records an adjustment to the allowance for loan losses through the provision for losses. The overall allowance represents the Company’s best estimate of probable losses inherent in the outstanding loan portfolio at the end of each reporting period. |
On occasion, the Company will sell certain payday loan receivables that the Company had previously charged off to third parties for cash. The sales are recorded as a credit to the overall loss provision, which is consistent with the Company’s policy for recording recoveries noted above. The following table summarizes cash received from the sale of these payday loan receivables (in thousands): |
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| | Year Ended December 31, | |
| | 2011 | | | 2012 | | | 2013 | |
Cash received from sale of payday loan receivables | | $ | 472 | | | $ | 685 | | | $ | 540 | |
Operating Expenses | ' |
Operating Expenses. The direct costs incurred in operating the Company’s business units have been classified as operating expenses. Operating expenses include salaries and benefits of employees (branch personnel as well as employees of Direct Credit), rent and other occupancy costs, depreciation and amortization of branch property and equipment, armored car and security costs, marketing and other costs incurred by the business units. The provision for losses is also a component of operating expenses. |
Property and Equipment | ' |
Property and Equipment. Property and equipment are recorded at cost. Depreciation is charged to operations using the straight-line method over the estimated useful lives of the assets. Buildings are depreciated generally over 39 years. Leasehold improvements are amortized using the straight-line method over the shorter of the lease term (including renewal options that are reasonably assured), which generally ranges from 1 to 15 years with an average of 7 years, or the estimated useful life of the related asset. Furniture and equipment, including data processing equipment, data processing software, and other equipment are generally depreciated from 3 to 7 years. Company-owned vehicles are depreciated over four to five years. Repair and maintenance expenditures that do not significantly extend asset lives are charged to expense as incurred. The cost and related accumulated depreciation and amortization of assets sold or disposed of are removed from the accounts, and the resulting gain or loss is included in income. |
Software | ' |
Software. Purchased software is recorded at cost and is amortized on a straight-line basis over the estimated useful life. The Company capitalizes costs for the development of internal use software, including coding and software configuration costs and costs of upgrades and enhancements. Computer software and development costs incurred in the preliminary project stage, as well as training and maintenance costs are expensed as incurred. Direct and indirect costs associated with the application development stage of internal use software are capitalized until such time that the software is substantially complete and ready for its intended use. Costs for the development of internal use software were immaterial for the year ending December 31, 2011 and totaled $1.3 million and $1.0 million for the years ending December 31, 2012 and 2013, respectively. |
Advertising Costs | ' |
Advertising Costs. Advertising costs, including related printing, postage and search engine marketing, are charged to operations when incurred. Advertising expense was $1.9 million, $3.4 million and $3.0 million for the years ended December 31, 2011, 2012 and 2013, respectively. |
Goodwill and Intangible Assets | ' |
Goodwill and Intangible Assets. Goodwill represents the excess of consideration over the fair value of net tangible and identified intangible assets and liabilities assumed of acquired businesses using the acquisition method of accounting. Intangible assets consist of customer relationships, non-compete agreements, trade names, debt issuance costs, and other intangible assets. |
Goodwill and other intangible assets having indefinite useful lives are tested for impairment using a fair-value based approach on an annual basis, or more frequently if events or changes in circumstances indicate that the assets might be impaired. The test for goodwill impairment is a two-step approach. The first step of the goodwill impairment test requires a determination of whether the fair value of a reporting unit is less than its carrying value. If the fair value is less than the carrying amount, then the second step is required, which involves an analysis reflecting the allocation of the fair value determined in the first step (as if it was the purchase price in a business combination). This process may result in the determination of a new amount of goodwill. If the calculated fair value of the goodwill resulting from this allocation is lower than the carrying value of the goodwill in the reporting unit, the difference is reflected as a non-cash impairment loss. The purpose of the second step is only to determine the amount of goodwill that should be recorded on the balance sheet. The recorded amounts of other items on the balance sheet are not adjusted. |
The Company evaluates the goodwill at the reporting unit level and performs its annual goodwill and indefinite life impairment test as of December 31 for all reporting units. With respect to reporting units, the Company has two reporting units with goodwill that require testing. The reporting units to test include branch lending operations in the United States and the Canadian Internet lending operations (Direct Credit). The Company hired an independent appraiser to assist with the Company’s impairment tests as of December 31, 2012 and 2013. The independent appraiser assessed the fair value of the reporting units based on a discounted cash flows approach. The key assumptions used in the discounted cash flow valuations are discount rates and perpetual growth rates applied to cash flow projections. Also inherent in the discounted cash flow valuation models are past performance, projections and assumptions in current operating plans and revenue growth. These assumptions contemplate business, market and overall economic conditions. In connection with this process, the independent appraiser also provided a reconciliation of the estimated aggregate fair values of the Company’s reporting units to its market capitalization, including consideration of a control premium that represents what an investor would pay for the Company’s equity securities to obtain a controlling interest. The Company believes that this reconciliation is consistent with a market participant perspective. The Company tests trade names with indefinite lives for impairment by comparing the book value to a fair value calculated using a discounted cash flow approach on a presumed royalty rate derived from the revenues related to the trade name. |
Other factors that are considered important in determining whether an impairment of goodwill or indefinite lived intangible assets might exist include significant continued underperformance compared to peers, significant changes in the Company’s business and products, material and ongoing negative industry or economic trends, or other factors specific to each asset being evaluated. Any changes in key assumptions about the Company’s business and its prospects, or changes in market conditions or other externalities, could result in an impairment charge and such a charge could have a material adverse effect on the Company’s financial condition and results of operations. |
The Company performed its annual impairment test as of December 31, 2013 and determined that the fair values of both the Branch Lending and Direct Credit reporting units did not exceed their respective carrying amounts. The Company believes that certain factors reflect the recent declines in the calculated fair values of its Branch Lending and Direct Credit reporting units. These factors include, (i) a significant decline in the Company’s market capitalization during fourth quarter as the stock price declined by 22% (primarily due to the suspension of the regular quarterly dividend in November 2013), (ii) recent underperformance compared to peers, (iii) historically high loss ratios on its loan portfolios during fourth quarter 2013 and (iv) a decline in estimated cash flow projections for future periods. In connection with its annual budgeting and strategic planning process performed in the fourth quarter of 2013 and the review of its 2013 financial results, the Company assessed its existing revenue growth opportunities and cost structure (primarily expected loss ratios) for future periods. As a result, the Company reduced its short term and long term revenue and gross profit forecasts from previous estimates which affected the fair value calculated for each reporting unit. |
The Company hired an independent appraiser to assist with the second step of the impairment test. For the year ended December 31, 2013, the Company recorded a $21.4 million non-cash impairment charge to goodwill, which included $15.7 million to its Branch Lending reporting unit and $5.7 million to its Direct Credit reporting unit. In addition, the Company performed an impairment test on its indefinite lived intangible assets as of December 31, 2013 and determined that the indefinite lived intangibles of its Direct Credit reporting unit were impaired and as a result, the Company recorded a non-cash impairment charge of $669,000. See additional information in Note 10. |
Impairment of Long-Lived Assets | ' |
Impairment of Long-Lived Assets. The Company evaluates all long-lived assets, including intangible assets that are subject to amortization, for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amounts may not be recoverable. When the carrying amounts of these assets cannot be recovered by the undiscounted net cash flows they will generate, impairment is recognized in an amount by which the carrying amount of the assets exceeds the fair value. |
Earnings Per Share | ' |
Earnings per Share. The Company computes basic and diluted earnings per share using a two-class method because the Company has participating securities in the form of unvested share-based payment awards with rights to receive non-forfeitable dividends. Basic and diluted earnings per share are computed by dividing income available to common stockholders by the weighted average number of common shares outstanding during the year. The computation of diluted earnings per share gives effect to all dilutive potential common shares that were outstanding during the year. The effect of stock options and unvested restricted stock represent the only differences between the weighted average shares used for the basic earnings per share computation compared to the diluted earnings per share computation for each period presented. See additional information in Note 16. |
Stock-Based Compensation | ' |
Stock-Based Compensation. The Company recognizes in its financial statements compensation cost relating to share-based payment transactions. The stock-based compensation expense is recognized as expense over the requisite service period, which is the vesting period. See additional information in Note 17. |
Income Taxes | ' |
Income Taxes. Deferred income taxes are recorded to reflect the tax consequences in future years of differences between the tax basis of assets and liabilities and their financial reporting amounts, based on enacted tax laws and statutory tax rates applicable to the periods in which the differences are expected to affect taxable income. Valuation allowances are established when necessary to reduce deferred tax assets to the amounts expected to be realized. Income tax expense represents the tax payable for the current period and the change during the period in deferred tax assets and liabilities. |
Tax guidance pertaining to uncertain tax positions issued by the Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB) clarifies what criteria must be met prior to recognition of the financial statement benefit of a position taken or one that is expected to be taken in a tax return. The provisions of this guidance apply broadly to all tax positions taken by a company, including decisions to not report income in a tax return or to classify a transaction as tax exempt. The prescribed approach is determined through a two-step benefit recognition model. The amount of benefit to recognize is measured as the largest amount of tax benefit that is greater than 50 percent likely of being ultimately realized upon settlement. The tax position must be derecognized when it is no longer more likely than not of being sustained. See additional information in Note 14. |
Treasury Stock | ' |
Treasury Stock. The Company’s board of directors periodically authorizes the repurchase of the Company’s common stock. The Company’s repurchases of common stock are recorded as treasury stock and result in a reduction of stockholders’ equity. The shares held in treasury stock may be used for corporate purposes, including shares issued to employees as part of the Company’s stock-based compensation programs. When treasury shares are reissued, the Company uses the average cost method. The Company had 3.5 million and 3.3 million shares of common stock held in treasury at December 31, 2012 and 2013, respectively. |
Fair Value of Financial Instruments | ' |
Fair Value of Financial Instruments. The fair value of short-term payday, title, installment loans and open-end credit receivables, borrowings under the credit facility, accounts payable and certain other current liabilities that are short-term in nature approximates carrying value. |
The Company estimates the fair value of long-term debt based upon borrowing rates available at the reporting date for indebtedness with similar terms and average maturities. As of December 31, 2012, the three-year term loan was paid in full. In November 2013, the Company entered into an amendment to its credit agreement to convert $9.0 million outstanding under its revolving credit agreement to a term loan to be repaid in four quarterly installments beginning December 2013 (as discussed in Note 11). The balance of the $9.0 million term loan was $4.5 million as of December 31, 2013. The fair value of the term loan at December 31, 2013 approximates the carrying amount. The fair value of the subordinated notes as of December 31, 2012 and 2013 approximated the carrying value. |
Derivative Instruments | ' |
Derivative Instruments. The Company does not engage in the trading of derivative financial instruments except where the Company’s objective is to manage the variability of forecasted interest payments attributable to changes in interest rates. In general, the Company enters into derivative transactions in limited situations based on management’s assessment of current market conditions and perceived risks. |
On March 31, 2008, the Company entered into an interest rate swap agreement. The swap agreement was designated as a cash flow hedge and changed the floating rate interest obligation associated with the Company’s $50 million term loan into a fixed rate. Gains or losses on derivatives designated as cash flow hedges, to the extent they are effective, are recorded in other comprehensive income, and subsequently reclassified to earnings as interest expense to offset the impact of the hedged items when they occur. If it becomes probable the forecasted transaction to which a cash flow hedge relates will not occur, the derivative would be terminated and the amount in other comprehensive income would generally be recognized into earnings. The swap agreement had a maturity date of December 6, 2012. Under the swap, the Company paid a fixed interest rate of 3.43% and received interest at a rate of LIBOR. On October 3, 2011, the Company terminated the swap agreement. Prior to refinancing the term debt on September 30, 2011 that was associated with the swap, the swap was considered highly effective and therefore, the Company reported no net gain or loss during the year ended December 31, 2011. In connection with the termination of the swap agreement, the Company paid a net cash settlement of approximately $343,000. The Company’s remaining amounts deferred in accumulated other comprehensive loss were amortized into earnings as an increase to interest expense over the original term of the hedged transaction. |
Foreign Currency Transactions | ' |
Foreign Currency Translations. The functional currency for the Company’s subsidiaries that serve residents of Canada is the Canadian dollar. The assets and liabilities of these subsidiaries are translated into U.S. dollars at the exchange rates in effect at each balance sheet date, and the resulting adjustments are recorded in “Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss)” as a separate component of equity. Revenue and expenses will be translated at the monthly average exchange rates occurring during each period. |