Summary of Significant Accounting Policies (Policies) | 12 Months Ended |
Dec. 31, 2014 |
Accounting Policies [Abstract] | |
Basis of Presentation | Basis of Presentation. The accompanying consolidated financial statements are prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (GAAP) and include the accounts of the Company and its subsidiaries. All significant intercompany accounts and transactions have been eliminated in consolidation. |
Use of Estimates | Use of Estimates. In preparing financial statements in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America, management is required to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities, the disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements, and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. On an on-going basis, management evaluates its estimates and judgments, including those related to allowance for losses on loans, fair value measurements used in goodwill impairment tests, long-lived assets, income taxes, contingencies and litigation. Management bases its estimates on historical experience, empirical data and on various other assumptions that are believed to be reasonable under the circumstances, the results of which form the basis for making judgments about the carrying values of assets and liabilities. Actual results could differ from those estimates. |
Revenue Recognition | Revenue Recognition. The Company records revenue from payday and title loans upon issuance. The term of a loan is generally two to three weeks for a payday loan and 30 days for a title loan. At the end of each month, the Company records an estimate of the unearned revenue that results in revenues being recognized on a constant-yield basis ratably over the term of each loan. |
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The Company records revenues from installment loans using the simple interest method. |
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With respect to the Company’s credit service organization (CSO) in Texas, the Company earns a CSO fee for arranging for an unrelated third-party to make a loan to the consumer and for providing related services to the consumer, including a guarantee of the consumer’s obligation to the third-party lender. The Company also services the loan for the lender. The CSO fee is recognized ratably over the term of the loan. |
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With respect to the open-end product, the Company earns interest on the outstanding balance. The open-end product in Virginia also includes a monthly non-refundable membership fee and the customer is granted a grace period of 25 days to repay the loan without incurring any interest. |
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The Company recognizes revenues for its other consumer financial products and services, which includes check cashing, money transfers and money orders, at the time those services are rendered to the customer, which is generally at the point of sale. |
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The components of “Other” revenues as reported in the Consolidated Statements of Operations are as follows (in thousands): |
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| | Year Ended December 31, | |
| | 2012 | | | 2013 | | | 2014 | |
Credit service fees | | $ | 6,731 | | | $ | 6,192 | | | $ | 5,097 | |
Check cashing fees | | | 3,063 | | | | 2,750 | | | | 2,560 | |
Title loan fees | | | 2,677 | | | | 789 | | | | 310 | |
Open-end credit fees | | | 675 | | | | 2,092 | | | | 4,733 | |
Other fees | | | 2,383 | | | | 2,415 | | | | 2,498 | |
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Total | | $ | 15,529 | | | $ | 14,238 | | | $ | 15,198 | |
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Cash and Cash Equivalents | Cash and Cash Equivalents. Cash and cash equivalents include cash on hand and short-term investments with original maturities of three months or less. The carrying amount of cash and cash equivalents approximates the estimated fair value at December 31, 2013 and 2014. Substantially all cash balances are in excess of federal deposit insurance limits. |
Restricted Cash and Other | Restricted Cash and Other. Restricted cash and other includes cash in certain money market accounts and certificates of deposit. The carrying amount of restricted cash and other approximates the estimated fair value at December 31, 2013 and 2014. The cash balances are restricted primarily due to licensing requirements in certain states. |
Loans Receivable, Provision for Losses and Allowance for Loan Losses | Loans Receivable, Provision for Losses and Allowance for Loan Losses. When the Company enters into a payday loan with a customer, the Company records a loan receivable for the amount loaned to the customer plus the fee charged by the Company, which varies from state to state based on applicable regulations. |
The following table summarizes certain data with respect to the Company’s payday loans: |
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| | Year Ended December 31, | |
| | 2012 | | | 2013 | | | 2014 | |
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Average amount of cash provided to customer | | $ | 321.55 | | | $ | 325.72 | | | $ | 326.34 | |
Average fee received by the Company | | $ | 57.71 | | | $ | 59.3 | | | $ | 59.07 | |
Average term of loan (days) | | | 18 | | | | 18 | | | | 18 | |
When the Company enters into an installment loan with a customer, the Company records a loan receivable for the amount loaned to the customer. At each period end, the Company records any accrued fees and interest as a receivable, which vary from state to state based on applicable regulations. |
The Company records a provision for losses associated with uncollectible loans. For payday loans, all accrued fees, interest and outstanding principal are charged off on the date the Company receives a returned check, a rejected ACH or denied debit card submission, generally within 14 days after the due date of the payday loan. Accordingly, payday loans included in the receivable balance at any given point in time are typically not older than 30 days. These charge-offs are recorded as expense through the provision for losses. Any recoveries on losses previously charged to expense are recorded as a reduction to the provision for losses in the period recovered. With respect to title loans, no additional fees or interest are charged after the loan has defaulted, which generally occurs after attempts to contact the customer have been unsuccessful. Based on state regulations and operating procedures, the Company stops accruing interest on installment loans between 60 to 90 days after the last payment. |
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With respect to the loans receivable at the end of each reporting period, the Company maintains an aggregate allowance for loan losses (including fees and interest) for payday loans, title loans and installment loans at levels estimated to be adequate to absorb estimated incurred losses in the respective outstanding loan portfolios. The Company does not specifically reserve for any individual loan. |
The methodology for estimating the allowance for payday and title loan losses utilizes a four-step approach, which reflects the short-term nature of the loan portfolio at each period-end, the historical collection experience in the month following each reporting period-end and any fluctuations in recent general economic conditions. First, the Company computes the loss/volume ratio for the last month of each reporting period. The loss/volume ratio represents the percentage of aggregate net payday and title loan charge-offs to total payday and title loan volumes during a given period. Second, the Company computes an adjustment to this percentage to reflect the collections experience in the month immediately following the reporting period-end. To estimate collections experience, the Company computes an average of the change in the loss/volume ratio from the last month of each reporting period to the immediate subsequent month-end for each of the last three years (excluding the current year). This change is then added to, or subtracted from, the loss/volume ratio computed for the last month of the current reporting period to derive an experience-adjusted loss/volume ratio. Third, the period-end gross payday and title loans receivable balance is multiplied by the experience-adjusted loss/volume ratio to determine the initial estimate of the allowance for loan losses. Fourth, the Company reviews and evaluates various qualitative factors that may or may not affect the computed initial estimate of the allowance for loan losses, including, among others, known changes in state regulations or laws, changes to the Company’s business and operating structure, and geographic or demographic developments. In connection with the Company’s decision in 2013 to close 35 branches during the first half of 2014, the Company recorded a $1.0 million qualitative adjustment to increase its allowance for loan losses as of December 31, 2013. As of December 31, 2014, the Company determined that no qualitative adjustment to the allowance for payday loan losses was necessary. |
The Company maintains an allowance for installment loans at a level it considers sufficient to cover estimated losses in the collection of its installment loans. The allowance calculation for installment loans is based upon historical charge-off experience (using a trailing average of charge-offs to total volume that approximates the average term of the underlying type of installment loan) and qualitative factors, with consideration given to recent credit loss trends and economic factors. In connection with the Company’s decision in 2013 to close 35 branches during the first half of 2014, the Company recorded a $262,000 qualitative adjustment to increase its allowance for loan losses as of December 31, 2013. As of December 31, 2014, the Company determined that no qualitative adjustment to the allowance for installment loan losses was necessary. |
The Company records an allowance for other receivables based upon an analysis that gives consideration to payment recency, delinquency levels and other general economic conditions. |
Based on the information discussed above, the Company records an adjustment to the allowance for loan losses through the provision for losses. The overall allowance represents the Company’s best estimate of probable losses inherent in the outstanding loan portfolio at the end of each reporting period. |
On occasion, the Company will sell certain payday loan receivables that the Company had previously charged off to third parties for cash. The sales are recorded as a credit to the overall loss provision, which is consistent with the Company’s policy for recording recoveries noted above. The following table summarizes cash received from the sale of these payday loan receivables (in thousands): |
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| | Year Ended December 31, | |
| | 2012 | | | 2013 | | | 2014 | |
Cash received from sale of payday loan receivables | | $ | 685 | | | $ | 540 | | | $ | 772 | |
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Operating Expenses | Operating Expenses. The direct costs incurred in operating the Company’s business units have been classified as operating expenses. Operating expenses include salaries and benefits of employees (branch personnel as well as employees of Direct Credit), rent and other occupancy costs, depreciation and amortization of branch property and equipment, armored car and security costs, marketing and other costs incurred by the business units. The provision for losses is also a component of operating expenses. |
Property and Equipment | Property and Equipment. Property and equipment are recorded at cost. Depreciation is charged to operations using the straight-line method over the estimated useful lives of the assets. Buildings are depreciated generally over 39 years. Leasehold improvements are amortized using the straight-line method over the shorter of the lease term (including renewal options that are reasonably assured), which generally ranges from 1 to 15 years with an average of 7 years, or the estimated useful life of the related asset. Furniture and equipment, including data processing equipment, data processing software, and other equipment are generally depreciated from 3 to 7 years. Company-owned vehicles are depreciated over four to five years. Repair and maintenance expenditures that do not significantly extend asset lives are charged to expense as incurred. The cost and related accumulated depreciation and amortization of assets sold or disposed of are removed from the accounts, and the resulting gain or loss is included in income. |
Assets Held for Sale | Assets Held for Sale. Assets held for sale represent buildings, land and leasehold improvements for locations that have met the criteria of “held for sale” accounting. In third quarter 2014, the Company committed to a plan to sell its company-owned properties. These properties included (i) a building located in Kansas City, Kansas which is presently leased to an unrelated tenant, (ii) three branch buildings located in St. Louis, Missouri, Grandview, Missouri and Jackson, Mississippi and (iii) an auto sales facility in Overland Park, Kansas which includes three buildings and accompanying parking spaces. These assets were reclassified to assets held for sale in the accompanying balance sheet as of December 31, 2013. The Company ceased depreciation on these properties during third quarter 2014. |
The Company measures long-lived assets held for sale at the lower of carrying amount or estimated fair value. In 2014, the Company recorded impairment charges totaling $502,000 to reduce the carrying amount of certain properties held for sale to the property’s estimated fair value less estimated costs to sell. The impairment charges consisted of $291,000 on the two branch buildings located in Grandview, Missouri and Jackson Mississippi and $211,000 on the auto sales facility. |
In fourth quarter 2014, the Company completed a sale-leaseback of the three branch buildings to an unrelated third party. Pursuant to the agreements entered into, the Company sold the three properties for an aggregate purchase price of $1.1 million, net of fees, and leased each building back over an initial lease term of 10 years. The net book value of the properties sold was approximately $1.0 million and the Company recorded a gain of approximately $32,000. Under the terms of the lease agreements, the Company is classifying the leases as operating leases. |
As of December 31, 2014, the building located in Kansas City, Kansas and the auto sales facility located in Overland Park, Kansas are classified as assets held for sale in the Consolidated Balance Sheets and the assets were listed for sale with a commercial broker. The Company anticipates that these properties will be sold within the next 12 months. |
Software | Software. Purchased software is recorded at cost and is amortized on a straight-line basis over the estimated useful life. The Company capitalizes costs for the development of internal use software, including coding and software configuration costs and costs of upgrades and enhancements. Computer software and development costs incurred in the preliminary project stage, as well as training and maintenance costs are expensed as incurred. Costs for the development of internal use software totaled $1.3 million, $1.0 million and $289,000 for the years ending December 31, 2012, 2013 and 2014, respectively. The Company assesses the recoverability of the carrying amount of capitalized software when events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of an asset or asset group may not be recoverable. See Note 9 for additional information on impairment of capitalized software. |
Advertising Costs | Advertising Costs. Advertising costs, including related printing, postage, referral fees, coupons and search engine marketing, are charged to operations when incurred. Advertising expense was $3.8 million, $3.5 million and $5.1 million for the years ended December 31, 2012, 2013 and 2014, respectively. |
Goodwill and Intangible Assets | Goodwill and Intangible Assets. Goodwill represents the excess of consideration over the fair value of net tangible and identified intangible assets and liabilities assumed of acquired businesses using the acquisition method of accounting. Intangible assets consist of customer relationships, non-compete agreements, trade names, debt issuance costs, and other intangible assets. Customer relationships are amortized using the straight-line method over the weighted average useful lives ranging from three to five years. The amount recorded for trade names are considered an indefinite life intangible and not subject to amortization. Costs paid to obtain debt financing are amortized to interest expense over the term of each related debt agreement using the effective interest method for term debt and the straight-line method for the revolving credit facility. |
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Goodwill and other intangible assets having indefinite useful lives are tested for impairment using a fair-value based approach on an annual basis, or more frequently if events or changes in circumstances indicate that the assets might be impaired. The Company evaluates goodwill at the reporting unit level and performs its annual goodwill and indefinite life impairment test as of December 31 for all reporting units. The Company uses a discounted cash flows approach to compute the fair value of its reporting units. The Company tests trade names with indefinite lives for impairment by comparing the book value to a fair value calculated using a discounted cash flow approach on a presumed royalty rate derived from the revenues related to the trade name. Other factors that are considered important in determining whether an impairment of goodwill for indefinite lived intangible assets might exist include significant continued underperformance compared to peers, significant changes in the Company’s business and products, material and ongoing negative industry or economic trends, or other factors specific to each asset being evaluated. |
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As of December 31, 2013, the Company had two reporting units with goodwill and indefinite lived intangible assets that required testing. These units included the branch lending operations in the United States and the Canadian Internet lending operations (Direct Credit). In 2013, the Company recorded a charge of $21.4 million to impair all of the goodwill associated with its Branch Lending reporting unit and its Direct Credit reporting unit. In addition, the Company performed an impairment test on its indefinite lived intangible assets as of December 31, 2013 and determined that the indefinite lived intangibles of its Direct Credit reporting unit were impaired and as a result, the Company recorded a non-cash impairment charge of $669,000. As of December 31, 2014, the Company did not have any goodwill to test. The Company tested the remaining indefinite lived intangible asset of its Direct Credit reporting unit as of December 31, 2014, and determined there was no impairment. See additional information in Note 10. |
Impairment of Long-Lived Assets | Impairment of Long-Lived Assets. The Company evaluates all long-lived assets, including intangible assets that are subject to amortization, for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amounts may not be recoverable. When the carrying amounts of these assets cannot be recovered by the undiscounted net cash flows they will generate, impairment is recognized in an amount by which the carrying amount of the assets exceeds the fair value. |
Earnings Per Share | Earnings per Share. The Company computes basic and diluted earnings per share using a two-class method because the Company has participating securities in the form of unvested share-based payment awards with rights to receive non-forfeitable dividends. Basic and diluted earnings per share are computed by dividing income available to common stockholders by the weighted average number of common shares outstanding during the year. The computation of diluted earnings per share gives effect to all dilutive potential common shares that were outstanding during the year. The effect of stock options and unvested restricted stock represent the only differences between the weighted average shares used for the basic earnings per share computation compared to the diluted earnings per share computation for each period presented. See additional information in Note 15. |
Stock-Based Compensation | Stock-Based Compensation. The Company recognizes in its financial statements compensation cost relating to share-based payment transactions. The stock-based compensation expense is recognized as expense over the requisite service period, which is the vesting period. See additional information in Note 16. |
Income Taxes | Income Taxes. Deferred income taxes are recorded to reflect the tax consequences in future years of differences between the tax basis of assets and liabilities and their financial reporting amounts, based on enacted tax laws and statutory tax rates applicable to the periods in which the differences are expected to affect taxable income. Valuation allowances are established when necessary to reduce deferred tax assets to the amounts expected to be realized. Income tax expense represents the tax payable for the current period and the change during the period in deferred tax assets and liabilities. |
From time to time, the Company enters into transactions for which the tax treatment under the Internal Revenue Code or applicable state tax laws is uncertain. The Company provides federal and/or state income taxes on such transactions, together with related interest, net of income tax benefit, and any applicable penalties in accordance with accounting guidance for income tax uncertainties. The Company records income tax uncertainties that are estimated to take more than 12 months to resolve as non-current. Interest and penalties related to unrecognized tax benefits, if any, are recorded in income tax expense. See additional information in Note 13. |
Treasury Stock | Treasury Stock. The Company’s board of directors periodically authorizes the repurchase of the Company’s common stock. The Company’s repurchases of common stock are recorded as treasury stock and result in a reduction of stockholders’ equity. The shares held in treasury stock may be used for corporate purposes, including shares issued to employees as part of the Company’s stock-based compensation programs. When treasury shares are reissued, the Company uses the average cost method. The Company had 3.3 million and 3.4 million shares of common stock held in treasury at December 31, 2013 and 2014, respectively. |
Fair Value of Financial Instruments | Fair Value of Financial Instruments. The fair value of short-term payday, title, installment loans and open-end credit receivables, borrowings under the credit facility, accounts payable and certain other current liabilities that are short-term in nature approximates carrying value. If measured at fair value in the financial statements, these financial instruments would be classified as Level 3 in the fair value hierarchy. |
The Company estimates the fair value of long-term debt based upon borrowing rates available at the reporting date for indebtedness with similar terms and average maturities. Debt is reported at its carrying amount in the Consolidated Balance Sheets. As of December 31, 2013 and 2014, the fair value of the Company’s outstanding indebtedness approximated the carrying value. |
Derivative Instruments | Derivative Instruments. The Company does not engage in the trading of derivative financial instruments except where the Company’s objective is to manage the variability of forecasted interest payments attributable to changes in interest rates. In general, the Company enters into derivative transactions in limited situations based on management’s assessment of current market conditions and perceived risks. |
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In 2011, the Company terminated an interest rate swap agreement that was previously entered into as a cash flow hedge to interest rate fluctuations under a prior credit facility. The Company’s net loss on terminating the swap agreement was $343,000 and this amount was deferred in accumulated other comprehensive income and amortized into earnings as an increase to interest expense over the original term of the hedged transaction, which was scheduled to terminate in 2012. For the year ended December 31, 2012, the Company recorded interest expense totaling approximately $275,000, related to the termination of the swap agreement. |
Foreign Currency Transactions | Foreign Currency Translations. The functional currency for the Company’s subsidiaries that serve residents of Canada is the Canadian dollar. The assets and liabilities of these subsidiaries are translated into U.S. dollars at the exchange rates in effect at each balance sheet date, and the resulting adjustments are recorded in “Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss)” as a separate component of equity. Revenue and expenses will be translated at the monthly average exchange rates occurring during each period. |
New Accounting Pronouncements | NEW ACCOUNTING PRONOUNCEMENTS |
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In June 2014, the FASB issued guidance on accounting for share-based payments when the terms of an award provide that a performance target could be achieved after the requisite service period. This guidance affects entities that grant their employees share-based payments in which terms of the award provide that a performance target that affects vesting could be achieved after the requisite service period. The amendments in this guidance require that a performance target that affects vesting and that could be achieved after the requisite service period be treated as a performance condition. As such, the performance target should not be reflected in estimating the grant-date fair value of the award. This guidance is effective for annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2015, including interim periods within that reporting period, with earlier adoption permitted. The adoption of this guidance is not expected to have a significant effect on the Company’s consolidated financial statements. |
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In May 2014, the FASB issued guidance on revenue recognition which specifies how and when to recognize revenue as well as providing informative, relevant disclosures. This guidance will become effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2016. The Company is currently evaluating the impact of this guidance on its consolidated financial statements. |
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In April 2014, the FASB issued guidance on reporting discontinued operations and disclosures of disposals of components of an entity, which changes the criteria for determining which disposals can be presented as discontinued operations and modifies the related disclosure requirements. Under the new guidance, a discontinued operation is defined as a disposal of a component or group of components that represents a strategic shift that has, or will have, a major effect on an entity’s operations and financial results. The revised guidance is effective for annual fiscal periods beginning after December 15, 2014. Early adoption is permitted. The adoption of this guidance is not expected to have a significant effect on the Company’s consolidated financial statements. |
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In July 2013, the FASB issued guidance on the presentation of an unrecognized tax benefit when a net operating loss carryforward, a similar tax loss, or a tax credit carryforward exists. This update specifies that an unrecognized tax benefit, or a portion of an unrecognized tax benefit, should be presented in the financial statements as a reduction to a deferred tax asset for a net operating loss carryforward, a similar tax loss, or a tax credit carryforward, with certain exceptions. This update is effective for fiscal years, and interim periods within those years, beginning after December 15, 2013. The adoption of this guidance did not have a material effect on the Company’s consolidated financial statements. |