Summary of Significant Accounting Policies (Policies) | 12 Months Ended |
Dec. 31, 2013 |
Accounting Policies [Abstract] | ' |
Use of Estimates and Assumptions | ' |
Use of Estimates and Assumptions |
The preparation of financial statements in conformity with United States generally accepted accounting principles requires management to make significant estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements and the reported amounts of revenue and expenses during reporting periods. Actual results could differ from those estimates. |
The Company bases its estimates on historical experience and various other assumptions that it believes to be reasonable under the circumstances and regularly assesses these estimates, but actual results could differ materially from these estimates. Effects of changes in estimates are recorded in the period in which they occur. |
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Cash and Cash Equivalents | ' |
Cash and Cash Equivalents |
The Company considers all highly liquid investments with an original maturity of ninety days or less to be cash equivalents. Cash equivalents are recorded at cost which approximates fair value. The Company invests cash primarily in a money market account and other investments which management believes are subject to minimal credit and market risk. |
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Concentrations of Credit Risk | ' |
Concentrations of Credit Risk |
Financial instruments that potentially expose the Company to concentrations of credit risk consist primarily of cash and cash equivalents in bank deposit accounts and trade receivables. The Company invests its funds in highly rated institutions and limits its investment in any individual account so that they do not exceed FDIC limits. The Company has not experienced significant losses related to cash and cash equivalents and does not believe it is exposed to any significant credit risks relating to its cash and cash equivalents. |
At December 31, 2013, one customer accounted for 14% of accounts receivable and a second customer accounted for 12% of accounts receivable. For the years ended December 31, 2013, 2012, and 2011, no single customer accounted for more than 10% of revenue. |
The Company relies on in-house assembly and three third-party manufacturers to manufacture the major portion of its current products and product components. The disruption or termination of the supply of these products or a significant increase in the cost of these products from these sources could have an adverse effect on the Company’s business, financial position, and results of operations. |
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Inventories | ' |
Inventories |
Inventories, consisting primarily of purchased components, are stated at the lower of cost or market. Cost is determined using the first-in, first-out method. The Company writes down inventory to its net realizable value for excess or obsolete inventory. |
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Fair Value | ' |
Fair Value |
The carrying amounts of the Company’s accounts receivable, accounts payable, and accrued expenses approximate their fair value at December 31, 2013 and 2012 due to the short-term nature of these assets and liabilities. The Company’s cash equivalents and its warrant liability are carried at fair value determined according to the fair value hierarchy described in Note 11. |
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Revenue Recognition | ' |
Revenue Recognition |
The Company recognizes revenue when the following criteria have been met: persuasive evidence of an arrangement exists, delivery has occurred and risk of loss has passed, the seller’s price to the buyer is fixed or determinable, and collection is reasonably assured. |
Revenues associated with the sale of the ADVANCE devices to customers and distributors are recognized upon shipment, provided that the selling price is fixed or determinable, persuasive evidence of an arrangement exists, collection of receivables is reasonably assured, product returns are reasonably estimable, and no continuing obligations exist. The revenues from the sale of an ADVANCE communication hub together with access to NeuroMetrix information systems are considered one unit of accounting and deferred and recognized on a straight-line basis over the estimated period of time that the Company provides the service associated with the information systems of three years. The resulting deferred revenue and deferred costs are presented as separate line items on the accompanying balance sheet. Revenues related to extended service agreements for the devices are recognized ratably over the term of the extended service agreement. |
Revenues associated with the sale of the SENSUS and NC-stat DPNCheck devices are recognized upon shipment, provided that the selling price is fixed or determinable, persuasive evidence of an arrangement exists, collection of receivables is reasonably assured, product returns are reasonably estimable, and no continuing obligations exist. |
Revenues also include sales of consumables, including single use nerve specific electrodes and other accessories. These revenues are recognized upon shipment provided that the selling price is fixed or determinable, persuasive evidence of an arrangement exists, collection of receivables is reasonably assured, and product returns are reasonably estimable. |
When multiple elements are contained in a single arrangement, the Company allocates revenue between the elements based on their relative selling prices. The Company determines selling price using vendor specific objective evidence, or VSOE, if it is available, third-party evidence, or TPE, if VSOE is not available, and best estimate of selling price, or BESP, if neither VSOE nor TPE are available. The Company generally expects that it will not be able to establish TPE due to the nature of the markets in which it competes, and, as such, it will typically determine selling price using VSOE or if not available, BESP. The objective of BESP is to determine the selling price of a deliverable on a standalone basis. The Company’s determination of BESP involves a weighting of several factors based on the specific facts and circumstances of an arrangement. Specifically, the Company considers the cost to produce the deliverable, the anticipated margin on that deliverable, the selling price and profit margin for similar parts, its ongoing pricing strategy, the value of any enhancements that have been built into the deliverable, and the characteristics of the varying markets in which the deliverable is sold. |
Revenue recognition involves judgments, including assessments of expected returns and expected customer relationship periods. The Company analyzes various factors, including a review of specific transactions, its historical returns, average customer relationship periods, customer usage, customer balances, and market and economic conditions. Changes in judgments or estimates on these factors could materially impact the timing and amount of revenues and costs recognized. Should market or economic conditions deteriorate, the Company’s actual return or bad debt experience could exceed its estimate. |
Certain product sales are made with a 30-day right of return. Since the Company can reasonably estimate future returns, it recognizes revenues associated with product sales that contain a right of return upon shipment and at the same time it records a sales return reserve, which reduces revenue and accounts receivable by the amount of estimated returns. |
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Accounts Receivable | ' |
Accounts Receivable |
Accounts receivable on the balance sheet are recorded net of the allowance for doubtful accounts receivable and the reserve for estimated returns. The allowance for doubtful accounts is the Company’s best estimate of the amount of probable credit losses in its existing accounts receivable. The Company reviews its allowance for doubtful accounts and determines the allowance based on an analysis of customer past payment history, product usage activity, and recent communications between the Company and the customer. Past due balances are reviewed individually for collectibility. Account balances are written-off against the allowance when the Company feels it is probable the receivable will not be recovered. The Company does not have any off-balance sheet credit exposure related to its customers. |
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Income Taxes | ' |
Income Taxes |
The Company records income taxes using the asset and liability method. Deferred income tax assets and liabilities are recognized for the future tax consequences attributable to differences between the financial statement carrying amounts of existing assets and liabilities and their respective income tax bases, and operating loss and tax credit carryforwards. The Company’s financial statements contain certain deferred tax assets, which have arisen primarily as a result of operating losses, as well as other temporary differences between financial and tax accounting. In accordance with the provisions of the Income Taxes topic of the Codification, the Company is required to establish a valuation allowance if the likelihood of realization of the deferred tax assets is reduced based on an evaluation of objective verifiable evidence. Significant management judgment is required in determining the Company’s provision for income taxes, the Company’s deferred tax assets and liabilities and any valuation allowance recorded against those net deferred tax assets. The Company evaluates the weight of all available evidence to determine whether it is more likely than not that some portion or all of the net deferred income tax assets will not be realized. |
Utilization of the NOL and research and development credit carryforwards may be subject to a substantial annual limitation due to ownership change limitations that have occurred previously or that could occur in the future, as provided by Section 382 of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as well as similar state provisions. Ownership changes may limit the amount of NOL and tax credit carryforwards that can be utilized to offset future taxable income and tax, respectively. In general, an ownership change, as defined by Section 382, results from transactions increasing the ownership of certain shareholders or public groups in the stock of a corporation by more than 50 percentage points over a three-year period. |
If the Company has experienced a change of control, utilization of its NOL or tax credits carryforwards would be subject to an annual limitation under Section 382. Any limitation may result in expiration of a portion of the NOL or research and development credit carryforwards before utilization. Subsequent ownership changes could further impact the limitation in future years. Further, until a study is completed and any limitation known, no amounts are being presented as an uncertain tax position. |
A full valuation allowance has been provided against the Company’s NOL carryforwards and research and development credit carryforwards and, if an adjustment is required, this adjustment would be offset by an adjustment to the valuation allowance. Thus, there would be no impact to the balance sheet or statement of operations if an adjustment were required. |
Management performed a two-step evaluation of all tax positions, ensuring that these tax return positions meet the “more likely than not” recognition threshold and can be measured with sufficient precision to determine the benefit recognized in the financial statements. These evaluations provide management with a comprehensive model for how a company should recognize, measure, present, and disclose in its financial statements certain tax positions that the Company has taken or expects to take on income tax returns. |
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Research and Development | ' |
Research and Development |
Costs incurred in the research and development of the Company’s products are expensed as incurred. Included in research and development costs are wages, benefits, product design consulting, and other operating costs such as facilities, supplies, and overhead directly related to the Company’s research and development efforts. |
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Product Warranty Costs | ' |
Product Warranty Costs |
The Company accrues estimated product warranty costs at the time of sale which are included in cost of sales in the statements of operations. The amount of the accrued warranty liability is based on historical information such as past experience, product failure rates, number of units repaired, and estimated cost of material and labor. The liabilities for product warranty costs of $4,719 and $18,629 at December 31, 2013 and 2012, respectively, are included in accrued expenses in the accompanying balance sheets. |
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Fixed Assets and Long-Lived Assets | ' |
Fixed Assets and Long-Lived Assets |
Fixed assets are recorded at cost and depreciated using the straight-line method over the estimated useful life of each asset. Expenditures for repairs and maintenance are charged to expense as incurred. On disposal, the related assets and accumulated depreciation are eliminated from the accounts and any resulting gain or loss is included in the Company’s statement of operations. Leasehold improvements are amortized over the shorter of the estimated useful life of the improvement or the remaining term of the lease. |
The Company periodically evaluates the recoverability of its fixed assets and other long-lived assets whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that an event of impairment may have occurred. This periodic review may result in an adjustment of estimated depreciable lives or asset impairment. When indicators of impairment are present, the carrying values of the asset are evaluated in relation to the assets operating performance and future undiscounted cash flows of the underlying assets. If the future undiscounted cash flows are less than their book value, an impairment may exist. The impairment is measured as the difference between the book value and the fair value of the underlying asset. Fair values are based on estimates of the market prices and assumptions concerning the amount and timing of estimated future cash flows and assumed discount rates, reflecting varying degrees of perceived risk. |
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Accounting for Stock-Based Compensation | ' |
Accounting for Stock-Based Compensation |
Stock-based compensation cost is generally recognized ratably over the requisite service period. The Company uses the Black-Scholes option pricing model for determining the fair value of its stock options and amortizes its stock-based compensation expense using the straight-line method. The Black-Scholes model requires certain assumptions that involve judgment. Such assumptions are the expected share price volatility, expected life of options, expected annual dividend yield, and risk-free interest rate (See Note 3 — Stock-Based Compensation and Stockholders’ Equity). |
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Net Loss per Common Share | ' |
Net Loss per Common Share |
Basic net loss per common share is computed by dividing net loss applicable to common stockholders by the weighted average number of common shares outstanding during the period. Unvested restricted shares, although legally issued and outstanding, are not considered outstanding for purposes of calculating basic net income per share. Diluted net loss per common share is computed by dividing net loss by the weighted average number of common shares outstanding during the period plus the dilutive effect of the weighted average number of outstanding instruments such as options, warrants, restricted stock, and preferred stock. Because the Company has reported a net loss for all periods presented, diluted loss per common share is the same as basic loss per common share, as the effect of utilizing the fully diluted share count would have reduced the net loss per common share. Therefore, in calculating net loss per share amounts, shares underlying the following potentially dilutive weighted average number of common stock equivalents were excluded from the calculation of diluted net loss per common share because their effect was anti-dilutive for each of the periods presented: |
| | Years Ended December 31, | |
| | 2013 | | 2012 | | 2011 | |
Options | | | 161,391 | | | 53,999 | | | 91,411 | |
Warrants | | | 2,055,733 | | | 741,546 | | | 238,413 | |
Unvested restricted stock | | | 22,387 | | | 31,699 | | | 4,725 | |
Total | | | 2,239,511 | | | 827,244 | | | 334,549 | |
The Beneficial Conversion Feature, or BCF, recorded in the 2013 Offering has been recognized as a deemed dividend attributable to the Preferred Stock and is reflected as an adjustment in the calculation of earnings per share. See Note 14, Stockholders’ Equity, for further details. |
Net loss per common share applicable to common stockholders, basic and diluted was determined as follows: |
| | Years Ended December 31, | |
| | 2013 | | 2012 | | 2011 | |
Net loss | | $ | -8,019,137 | | $ | -10,007,553 | | $ | -9,981,105 | |
Deemed dividend attributable to preferred stockholders in | | | -766,872 | | | — | | | — | |
connection with beneficial conversion features |
Net loss applicable to common stockholders | | $ | -8,786,009 | | $ | -10,007,553 | | $ | -9,981,105 | |
Net loss per common share applicable to common | | $ | -3.07 | | $ | -5.22 | | $ | -15.53 | |
stockholders, basic and diluted |
Weighted average number of common shares outstanding, | | | 2,862,094 | | | 1,918,723 | | | 642,513 | |
basic and diluted |
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Advertising and Promotional Costs | ' |
Advertising and Promotional Costs |
Advertising and promotional costs are expensed as incurred. Advertising and promotion expense was $151,000, $242,000, and $426,000 in the years ended December 31, 2013, 2012, and 2011, respectively. |
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Accumulated Other Comprehensive Items | ' |
Accumulated Other Comprehensive Items |
For the years ended December 31, 2013, 2012, and 2011, the Company had no components of other comprehensive income or loss other than net loss. |
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Segments | ' |
Segments |
The Company operates in one segment for the sale of medical equipment and consumables. Substantially all of the Company’s assets, revenues, and expenses for the years ended December 31, 2013, 2012, and 2011 were located at or derived from operations in the United States. Revenues from sales outside the United States accounted for approximately 16% of total revenues in 2013, 7% of total revenues in 2012, and 6% of total revenues in 2011. |
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Risks and Uncertainties | ' |
Risks and Uncertainties |
The Company is subject to risks common to companies in the medical device industry, including, but not limited to, development by the Company or its competitors of new technological innovations, dependence on key personnel, customers’ reimbursement from third-party payers, protection of proprietary technology, and compliance with regulations of the FDA and other governmental agencies. |
In late 2011, the Company launched NC-stat DPNCheck, which is a fast, accurate, and quantitative nerve conduction test for the assessment of systemic neuropathies such as DPN. In early 2013 the Company launched SENSUS for the treatment intractable pain, including pain associated with diabetic neuropathy. The future prospects of the Company are closely tied to its success with NC-stat DPNCheck and SENSUS in market acceptance and growth in future revenues. |
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Recently Issued or Adopted Accounting Pronouncements | ' |
Recently Issued or Adopted Accounting Pronouncements |
There have been no recent accounting pronouncements or changes in accounting pronouncements since the recent accounting pronouncements described in the Company's 2012 Form 10-K that are of significance to the Company. |
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