Loans and allowance for loan losses | Note 3. Loans Loans classified by type as of December 31, 2022 and 2021 are as follows (dollars in thousands): December 31, 2022 December 31, 2021 Amount % Amount % Construction and land development Residential $ 9,727 1.81 % $ 6,805 1.29 % Commercial 35,400 6.57 % 42,344 8.05 % 45,127 8.38 % 49,149 9.34 % Commercial real estate Owner occupied 119,643 22.22 % 113,108 21.48 % Non-owner occupied 153,610 28.53 % 129,786 24.65 % Multifamily 11,291 2.10 % 11,666 2.22 % Farmland 73 0.01 % 977 0.19 % 284,617 52.86 % 255,537 48.54 % Consumer real estate Home equity lines 18,421 3.42 % 17,977 3.41 % Secured by 1-4 family residential, First deed of trust 67,495 12.54 % 62,277 11.83 % Second deed of trust 7,764 1.44 % 12,118 2.31 % 93,680 17.40 % 92,372 17.55 % Commercial and industrial loans (except those secured by real estate) 90,348 16.78 % 100,421 19.07 % Guaranteed student loans 20,617 3.83 % 25,975 4.93 % Consumer and other 4,038 0.75 % 3,003 0.57 % Total loans 538,427 100.0 % 526,457 100.0 % Deferred (fees) and costs, net 588 (433) Less: allowance for loan losses (3,370) (3,423) $ 535,645 $ 522,601 The Bank has a purchased portfolio of rehabilitated student loans guaranteed by the DOE. The guarantee covers approximately 98% of principal and accrued interest. The loans are serviced by a third-party servicer that specializes in handling the special needs of the DOE student loan programs. PPP loans, included in commercial and industrial loans in the above table, were $270,000 and $32,601,000 as of December 31, 2022, and December 31, 2021, respectively. Loans pledged as collateral with the FHLB as part of their lending arrangements with the Company totaled $33,706,000 and $35,510,000 as of December 31, 2022 and 2021, respectively. The following is a summary of loans directly or indirectly with executive officers or directors of the Company for the years ended December 31, 2022 and 2021 (in thousands): 2022 2021 Beginning balance $ 5,922 $ 4,672 Additions 7,662 8,760 Effect of changes in composition of related parties — (324) Reductions (9,219) (7,186) Ending balance $ 4,365 $ 5,922 Executive officers and directors also had unused credit lines totaling $2,223,000 and $1,364,000 at December 31, 2022 and 2021, respectively. Based on management’s evaluation all loans and credit lines to executive officers and directors were made in the ordinary course of business at the Company’s normal credit terms, including interest rate and collateralization prevailing at the time for comparable transactions with other persons. Loans are considered past due if the required principal and interest payments have not been received as of the date such payments were due. Loans are placed on nonaccrual status when, in management’s opinion, the borrower may be unable to meet payment obligations as they become due, as well as when required by regulatory provisions. When interest accrual is discontinued, all unpaid accrued interest is reversed. Interest income is subsequently recognized only to the extent cash payments are received in excess of principal due. Loans are returned to accrual status when all principal and interest amounts contractually due are brought current and future payments are reasonably assured. The following table provides information on nonaccrual loans segregated by type at the dates indicated (dollars in thousands): December 31, December 31, 2022 2021 Commercial real estate Non-owner occupied $ — $ 286 — 286 Consumer real estate Home equity lines 300 300 Secured by 1-4 family residential First deed of trust 164 556 Second deed of trust 171 198 635 1,054 Commercial and industrial loans (except those secured by real estate) 19 19 Total loans $ 654 $ 1,359 The Company assigns risk rating classifications to its loans. These risk ratings are divided into the following groups: ● Risk rated 1 to 4 loans are considered of sufficient quality to preclude an adverse rating. These assets generally are well protected by the current net worth and paying capacity of the obligor or by the value of the asset or underlying collateral; ● Risk rated 5 loans are defined as having potential weaknesses that deserve management’s close attention; ● Risk rated 6 loans are inadequately protected by the current sound worth and paying capacity of the obligor or of the collateral pledged, if any; and ● Risk rated 7 loans have all the weaknesses inherent in substandard loans, with the added characteristics that the weaknesses make collection or liquidation in full, on the basis of currently existing facts, conditions and values, highly questionable and improbable. The following tables provide information on the risk rating of loans at the dates indicated (in thousands): Risk Rated Risk Rated Risk Rated Risk Rated Total 1 ‑ 4 5 6 7 Loans December 31, 2022 Construction and land development Residential $ 9,727 $ — $ — $ — $ 9,727 Commercial 32,763 2,637 — — 35,400 42,490 2,637 — — 45,127 Commercial real estate Owner occupied 115,825 2,583 1,235 — 119,643 Non-owner occupied 143,458 10,152 — — 153,610 Multifamily 11,291 — — — 11,291 Farmland 73 — — — 73 270,647 12,735 1,235 — 284,617 Consumer real estate Home equity lines 17,507 614 300 — 18,421 Secured by 1-4 family residential First deed of trust 66,616 407 472 — 67,495 Second deed of trust 7,517 72 175 — 7,764 91,640 1,093 947 — 93,680 Commercial and industrial loans (except those secured by real estate) 83,848 6,481 19 — 90,348 Guaranteed student loans 20,617 — — — 20,617 Consumer and other 4,017 — 21 — 4,038 Total loans $ 513,259 $ 22,946 $ 2,222 $ — $ 538,427 Risk Rated Risk Rated Risk Rated Risk Rated Total 1 ‑ 4 5 6 7 Loans December 31, 2021 Construction and land development Residential $ 6,805 $ — $ — $ — $ 6,805 Commercial 39,707 2,637 — — 42,344 46,512 2,637 — — 49,149 Commercial real estate Owner occupied 103,370 6,181 3,557 — 113,108 Non-owner occupied 114,168 15,332 286 — 129,786 Multifamily 11,666 — — — 11,666 Farmland 977 — — — 977 230,181 21,513 3,843 — 255,537 Consumer real estate Home equity lines 17,054 623 300 — 17,977 Secured by 1-4 family residential First deed of trust 57,932 3,605 740 — 62,277 Second deed of trust 11,492 429 197 — 12,118 86,478 4,657 1,237 — 92,372 Commercial and industrial loans (except those secured by real estate) 98,362 1,806 253 — 100,421 Guaranteed student loans 25,975 — — — 25,975 Consumer and other 2,972 31 — — 3,003 Total loans $ 490,480 $ 30,644 $ 5,333 $ — $ 526,457 The following tables present the aging of the recorded investment in past due loans as of the dates indicated (in thousands): Greater Investment > 30 ‑ 59 Days 60 ‑ 89 Days Than Total Past Total 90 Days and Past Due Past Due 90 Days Due Current Loans Accruing December 31, 2022 Construction and land development Residential $ — $ — $ — $ — $ 9,727 $ 9,727 $ — Commercial — — — — 35,400 35,400 — — — — — 45,127 45,127 — Commercial real estate Owner occupied — — — — 119,643 119,643 — Non-owner occupied — — — — 153,610 153,610 — Multifamily — — — — 11,291 11,291 — Farmland — — — — 73 73 — — — — — 284,617 284,617 — Consumer real estate Home equity lines — 50 — 50 18,371 18,421 — Secured by 1‑4 family residential First deed of trust — — — — 67,495 67,495 — Second deed of trust 54 — — 54 7,710 7,764 — 54 50 — 104 93,576 93,680 — Commercial and industrial loans (except those secured by real estate) 1,022 — 377 1,399 88,949 90,348 — Guaranteed student loans 831 390 1,725 2,946 17,671 20,617 1,725 Consumer and other — — — — 4,038 4,038 — Total loans $ 1,907 $ 440 $ 2,102 $ 4,449 $ 533,978 $ 538,427 $ 1,725 Recorded Greater Investment > 30-59 Days 60-89 Days Than Total Past Total 90 Days and Past Due Past Due 90 Days Due Current Loans Accruing December 31, 2021 Construction and land development Residential $ — $ — $ — $ — $ 6,805 $ 6,805 $ — Commercial — — — — 42,344 42,344 — — — — — 49,149 49,149 — Commercial real estate Owner occupied — — — — 113,108 113,108 — Non-owner occupied — — — — 129,786 129,786 — Multifamily — — — — 11,666 11,666 — Farmland — — — — 977 977 — — — — — 255,537 255,537 — Consumer real estate Home equity lines — — — — 17,977 17,977 — Secured by 1-4 family residential First deed of trust — — — — 62,277 62,277 — Second deed of trust — — — — 12,118 12,118 — — — — — 92,372 92,372 — Commercial and industrial loans (except those secured by real estate) 1,031 — — 1,031 99,390 100,421 — Guaranteed student loans 956 791 1,961 3,708 22,267 25,975 1,961 Consumer and other — — — — 3,003 3,003 — Total loans $ 1,987 $ 791 $ 1,961 $ 4,739 $ 521,718 $ 526,457 $ 1,961 Loans greater than 90 days past due consist of student loans that are guaranteed by the DOE which covers approximately 98% of the principal and interest. Accordingly, these loans will not be placed on nonaccrual status and are not considered to be impaired. Loans are considered impaired when, based on current information and events it is probable the Company will be unable to collect all amounts due in accordance with the original contractual terms of the loan agreement, including scheduled principal and interest payments. Loans evaluated individually for impairment include nonperforming loans, such as loans on nonaccrual, loans past due by 90 days or more, TDRs and other loans selected by management. The evaluations are based upon discounted expected cash flows or collateral valuations. If the evaluation shows that a loan is individually impaired, then a specific reserve is established for the amount of impairment. Impairment is evaluated in total for smaller-balance loans of a similar nature and on an individual loan basis for other loans. If a loan is impaired, a specific valuation allowance is allocated, if necessary, so that the loan is reported net, at the present value of estimated future cash flows using the loan’s existing rate or at the fair value of collateral if repayment is expected solely from the collateral. Interest payments on impaired loans are typically applied to principal unless collectability of the principal amount is reasonably assured, in which case interest is recognized on a cash basis. Impaired loans, or portions thereof, are charged off when deemed uncollectible. Impaired loans are set forth in the following table as of the dates indicated (in thousands): December 31, 2022 December 31, 2021 Unpaid Unpaid Recorded Principal Related Recorded Principal Related Investment Balance Allowance Investment Balance Allowance With no related allowance recorded Commercial real estate Owner occupied $ 4,332 $ 4,347 $ — $ 4,776 $ 4,791 $ — Non-owner occupied 312 312 — 1,458 1,458 — 4,644 4,659 — 6,234 6,249 — Consumer real estate Home equity lines 300 300 — 300 300 — Secured by 1‑4 family residential First deed of trust 1,745 1,745 — 1,873 1,873 — Second deed of trust 195 300 — 238 406 — 2,240 2,345 — 2,411 2,579 — Commercial and industrial loans (except those secured by real estate) 19 19 — 185 185 — 6,903 7,023 — 8,830 9,013 — With an allowance recorded Commercial real estate Owner occupied 251 251 2 267 267 4 251 251 2 267 267 4 Consumer real estate Secured by 1-4 family residential First deed of trust 136 136 6 146 146 7 136 136 6 146 146 7 Consumer and other 21 21 1 — — — 408 408 9 413 413 11 Total Owner occupied 4,583 4,598 2 5,043 5,058 4 Non-owner occupied 312 312 — 1,458 1,458 — 4,895 4,910 2 6,501 6,516 4 Consumer real estate Home equity lines 300 300 — 300 300 — Secured by 1-4 family residential, First deed of trust 1,881 1,881 6 2,019 2,019 7 Second deed of trust 195 300 — 238 406 — 2,376 2,481 6 2,557 2,725 7 Commercial and industrial loans (except those secured by real estate) 19 19 — 185 185 — Consumer and other 21 21 1 — — — $ 7,311 $ 7,431 $ 9 $ 9,243 $ 9,426 $ 11 The following is a summary of average recorded investment in impaired loans with and without valuation allowance and interest income recognized on those loans for periods indicated (in thousands): December 31, 2022 2021 Average Interest Average Interest Recorded Income Recorded Income Investment Recognized Investment Recognized With no related allowance recorded Commercial real estate Owner occupied $ 4,339 $ 159 $ 5,068 $ 159 Non-owner occupied 857 20 1,767 86 5,196 179 6,835 245 Consumer real estate Home equity lines 300 27 300 25 Secured by 1-4 family residential First deed of trust 1,798 70 1,924 93 Second deed of trust 217 10 574 23 2,315 107 2,798 141 Commercial and industrial loans (except those secured by real estate) 94 4 195 1 7,605 290 9,828 387 With an allowance recorded Commercial real estate Owner occupied 257 15 67 19 257 15 67 19 Consumer real estate Secured by 1-4 family residential First deed of trust 121 7 149 4 Second deed of trust 49 — — — 170 7 149 4 Consumer and other 11 — — — 438 22 216 23 Total Commercial real estate Owner occupied 4,596 174 5,135 178 Non-owner occupied 857 20 1,767 86 5,453 194 6,902 264 Consumer real estate Home equity lines 300 27 300 25 Secured by 1-4 family residential, First deed of trust 1,919 77 2,073 97 Second deed of trust 266 10 574 23 2,485 114 2,947 145 Commercial and industrial loans (except those secured by real estate) 94 4 195 1 Consumer and other 11 — — — $ 8,043 $ 312 $ 10,044 $ 410 As of December 31, 2022 and 2021, the Company had impaired loans of $654,000 and $1,359,000, respectively, which were on nonaccrual status. These loans had no valuation allowances as of December 31, 2022 and December 31, 2021. Cumulative interest income that would have been recorded had nonaccrual loans been performing would have been $87,000 and $88,000 for 2022 and 2021, respectively. Included in impaired loans are loans classified as TDRs. A modification of a loan’s terms constitutes a TDR if the creditor grants a concession to the borrower for economic or legal reasons related to the borrowers financial difficulties that it would not otherwise consider. For loans classified as impaired TDRs, the Company further evaluates the loans as performing or nonaccrual. To restore a nonaccrual loan that has been formally restructured in a TDR to accrual status, we perform a current, well documented credit analysis supporting a return to accrual status based on the borrower’s financial condition and prospects for repayment under the revised terms. Otherwise, the TDR must remain in nonaccrual status. The analysis considers the borrower’s sustained historical repayment performance for a reasonable period to the return-to-accrual date, but may take into account payments made for a reasonable period prior to the restructuring if the payments are consistent with the modified terms. A sustained period of repayment performance generally would be a minimum of six months and would involve payments in the form of cash or cash equivalents. An accruing loan that is modified in a TDR can remain in accrual status if, based on a current well-documented credit analysis, collection of principal and interest in accordance with the modified terms is reasonably assured, and the borrower has demonstrated sustained historical repayment performance for a reasonable period before modification. The following is a summary of performing and nonaccrual TDRs and the related specific valuation allowance by portfolio segment as of December 31, 2022 and 2021 (dollars in thousands). Specific Valuation Total Performing Nonaccrual Allowance December 31, 2022 Commercial real estate Owner occupied $ 3,348 $ 3,348 $ — $ 2 Non-owner occupied 312 312 — — 3,660 3,660 — 2 Consumer real estate Secured by 1-4 family residential First deeds of trust 1,409 1,409 — 6 Second deeds of trust 75 19 56 — 1,484 1,428 56 6 Commercial and industrial loans (except those secured by real estate) 19 — 19 — $ 5,163 $ 5,088 $ 75 $ 8 Number of loans 24 22 2 3 Specific Valuation Total Performing Nonaccrual Allowance December 31, 2021 Commercial real estate Owner occupied $ 3,243 $ 3,243 $ — $ 4 Non-owner occupied 1,458 1,172 286 — 4,701 4,415 286 4 Consumer real estate Secured by 1-4 family residential First deeds of trust 1,666 1,279 387 7 Second deeds of trust 99 40 59 — 1,765 1,319 446 7 Commercial and industrial loans (except those secured by real estate) 19 — 19 — $ 6,485 $ 5,734 $ 751 $ 11 Number of loans 28 23 5 3 The following table provides information about TDRs identified during the indicated periods (dollars in thousands). Year Ended Year Ended December 31, 2022 December 31, 2021 Pre- Post- Pre- Post- Modification Modification Modification Modification Number of Recorded Recorded Number of Recorded Recorded Loans Balance Balance Loans Balance Balance Secured by 1-4 family residential First deed of trust — $ — $ — 1 $ 267 $ 267 — $ — $ — 1 $ 267 $ 267 A TDR payment default occurs when, within 12 months of the original TDR modification, either a full or partial charge-off occurs or a TDR becomes 90 days or more past due. The specific reserve associated with a TDR is reevaluated when a TDR payment default occurs. There were no defaults on TDRs that were modified as TDRs during the twelve-month periods ended December 31, 2022 and 2021. The Coronavirus Aid, Relief, and Economic Security Act as amended by the Consolidated Appropriations Act, permitted financial institutions to suspend requirements under GAAP for loan modifications to borrowers affected by COVID-19 that would otherwise be characterized as TDRs and suspend any determination related thereto under certain circumstances. As of December 31, 2022 and December 31, 2021, all previously modified loans had returned to contractual payment terms. The Company’s modification program primarily included payment deferrals and interest only modifications. |