Loans and allowance for credit losses | Note 3. Loans Loans classified by type as of December 31, 2023 and 2022 are as follows (dollars in thousands): December 31, 2023 December 31, 2022 Amount % Amount % Construction and land development Residential $ 10,471 1.82 % $ 9,727 1.81 % Commercial 37,024 6.44 % 35,400 6.57 % 47,495 8.26 % 45,127 8.38 % Commercial real estate Owner occupied 122,666 21.33 % 119,643 22.22 % Non-owner occupied 154,855 26.93 % 153,610 28.53 % Multifamily 12,743 2.22 % 11,291 2.10 % Farmland 326 0.06 % 73 0.01 % 290,590 50.54 % 284,617 52.86 % Consumer real estate Home equity lines 21,557 3.75 % 18,421 3.42 % Secured by 1-4 family residential, First deed of trust 95,638 16.63 % 67,495 12.54 % Second deed of trust 11,337 1.97 % 7,764 1.44 % 128,532 22.35 % 93,680 17.40 % Commercial and industrial loans (except those secured by real estate) 86,203 14.99 % 90,348 16.78 % Guaranteed student loans 17,923 3.12 % 20,617 3.83 % Consumer and other 4,265 0.74 % 4,038 0.75 % Total loans 575,008 100.0 % 538,427 100.0 % Deferred and costs, net 803 588 Less: allowance for credit losses (3,423) (3,370) $ 572,388 $ 535,645 The Bank has a purchased portfolio of rehabilitated student loans guaranteed by the DOE. The guarantee covers approximately 98% of principal and accrued interest. The loans are serviced by a third-party servicer that specializes in handling the special needs of the DOE student loan programs. Loans pledged as collateral with the FHLB as part of their lending arrangements with the Company totaled $35.5 million and $33.7 million as of December 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively. The following is a summary of loans directly or indirectly with executive officers or directors of the Company for the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022 (in thousands): 2023 2022 Beginning balance $ 4,365 $ 5,922 Additions 6,774 7,662 Effect of changes in composition of related parties (160) — Reductions (6,063) (9,219) Ending balance $ 4,916 $ 4,365 Executive officers and directors also had unused credit lines totaling $774,000 and $2,223,000 at December 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively. Based on management’s evaluation all loans and credit lines to executive officers and directors were made in the ordinary course of business at the Company’s normal credit terms, including interest rate and collateralization prevailing at the time for comparable transactions with other persons. Loans are considered past due if the required principal and interest payments have not been received as of the date such payments were due. Loans are placed on nonaccrual status when, in management’s opinion, the borrower may be unable to meet payment obligations as they become due, as well as when required by regulatory provisions. When interest accrual is discontinued, all unpaid accrued interest is reversed. Interest income is subsequently recognized only to the extent cash payments are received in excess of principal due. Loans are returned to accrual status when all principal and interest amounts contractually due are brought current and future payments are reasonably assured. The following table provides information on nonaccrual loans segregated by type at the dates indicated (in thousands): December 31, December 31, 2023 2022 Consumer real estate Home equity lines $ — $ 300 Secured by 1-4 family residential First deed of trust 160 164 Second deed of trust 105 171 265 635 Commercial and industrial loans (except those secured by real estate) 26 19 Total loans $ 291 $ 654 There were no individual allowances associated with the total nonaccrual loans of $291,000 and $654,000 at December 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022, respectively, that were considered collateral dependent. The Company assigns risk rating classifications to its loans. These risk ratings are divided into the following groups: ● Risk rated 1 to 4 loans are considered of sufficient quality to preclude an adverse rating. These assets generally are well protected by the current net worth and paying capacity of the obligor or by the value of the asset or underlying collateral; ● Risk rated 5 loans are defined as having potential weaknesses that deserve management’s close attention; ● Risk rated 6 loans are inadequately protected by the current sound worth and paying capacity of the obligor or of the collateral pledged, if any; and ● Risk rated 7 loans have all the weaknesses inherent in substandard loans, with the added characteristics that the weaknesses make collection or liquidation in full, on the basis of currently existing facts, conditions and values, highly questionable and improbable. The following tables provide information on the risk rating of loans at the dates indicated (in thousands): Risk Rated Risk Rated Risk Rated Risk Rated Total 1 ‑ 4 5 6 7 Loans December 31, 2022 Construction and land development Residential $ 9,727 $ — $ — $ — $ 9,727 Commercial 32,763 2,637 — — 35,400 42,490 2,637 — — 45,127 Commercial real estate Owner occupied 115,825 2,583 1,235 — 119,643 Non-owner occupied 143,458 10,152 — — 153,610 Multifamily 11,291 — — — 11,291 Farmland 73 — — — 73 270,647 12,735 1,235 — 284,617 Consumer real estate Home equity lines 17,507 614 300 — 18,421 Secured by 1-4 family residential First deed of trust 66,616 407 472 — 67,495 Second deed of trust 7,517 72 175 — 7,764 91,640 1,093 947 — 93,680 Commercial and industrial loans (except those secured by real estate) 83,848 6,481 19 — 90,348 Guaranteed student loans 20,617 — — — 20,617 Consumer and other 4,017 — 21 — 4,038 Total loans $ 513,259 $ 22,946 $ 2,222 $ — $ 538,427 Management considers the guidance in ASC 310-20 when determining whether a modification, extension, or renewal of loan constitutes a current period origination. Generally, current period renewals of credit are reunderwritten at the point of renewal and considered current period originations for purposes of the table below. As of December 31, 2023, based on the most recent analysis performed, the risk category of loans based on year of origination is as follows (in thousands): Revolving- Total 2023 2022 2021 2020 2019 Prior Revolving Term Loans December 31, 2023 Construction and land development Residential Pass $ 6,320 $ 3,812 $ 339 $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — $ 10,471 Special Mention — — — — — — — — — Substandard — — — — — — — — — Total Residential $ 6,320 $ 3,812 $ 339 $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — $ 10,471 Current period gross writeoff $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — Commercial Pass 5,007 14,506 10,339 235 — 1,183 5,754 — 37,024 Special Mention — — — — — — — — — Substandard — — — — — — — — — Total Commercial $ 5,007 $ 14,506 $ 10,339 $ 235 $ — $ 1,183 $ 5,754 $ — $ 37,024 Current period gross writeoff $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — Commercial real estate Owner occupied Pass 11,945 21,846 20,044 9,855 12,145 41,067 788 — 117,690 Special Mention — 202 73 — — 4,701 — — 4,976 Substandard — — — — — — — — — Total Owner occupied $ 11,945 $ 22,048 $ 20,117 $ 9,855 $ 12,145 $ 45,768 $ 788 $ — $ 122,666 Current period gross writeoff $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — Non-owner occupied Pass 9,468 25,607 28,455 23,567 9,528 47,645 3,312 — 147,582 Revolving- Total 2023 2022 2021 2020 2019 Prior Revolving Term Loans Special Mention — — 2,173 — — 5,100 — — 7,273 Substandard — — — — — — — — — Total Non-owner occupied $ 9,468 $ 25,607 $ 30,628 $ 23,567 $ 9,528 $ 52,745 $ 3,312 $ — $ 154,855 Current period gross writeoff $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — Multifamily Pass 1,300 — 2,503 548 885 6,113 1,394 — 12,743 Special Mention — — — — — — — — — Substandard — — — — — — — — — Total Multifamily $ 1,300 $ — $ 2,503 $ 548 $ 885 $ 6,113 $ 1,394 $ — $ 12,743 Current period gross writeoff $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — Farmland Pass — — — — — 26 300 — 326 Special Mention — — — — — — — — — Substandard — — — — — — — — — Total Farmland $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — $ 26 $ 300 $ — $ 326 Current period gross writeoff $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — Consumer real estate Home equity lines Pass — 446 — — — — 21,036 — 21,482 Special Mention — — — — — — 75 — 75 Substandard — — — — — — — — — Total Home equity lines $ — $ 446 $ — $ — $ — $ — $ 21,111 $ — $ 21,557 Current period gross writeoff $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — Secured by 1-4 family residential First deed of trust Pass 34,067 14,288 15,613 8,107 2,957 17,427 2,125 — 94,584 Special Mention — — — 170 — 724 — — 894 Substandard — — — — — 160 — — 160 Total First deed of trust $ 34,067 $ 14,288 $ 15,613 $ 8,277 $ 2,957 $ 18,311 $ 2,125 $ — $ 95,638 Current period gross writeoff $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — Second deed of trust Pass 4,530 3,207 1,027 397 1,067 626 266 — 11,120 Special Mention — — — — 45 67 — — 112 Substandard — — — — — 105 — — 105 Total Second deed of trust $ 4,530 $ 3,207 $ 1,027 $ 397 $ 1,112 $ 798 $ 266 $ $ 11,337 Current period gross writeoff $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — Commercial and industrial loans (except those secured by real estate) Pass 15,022 15,900 15,321 5,634 2,852 3,698 27,068 — 85,495 Special Mention 37 — — — 318 22 306 — 683 Substandard — — — 13 — 12 — — 25 Total Commercial and industrial $ 15,059 $ 15,900 $ 15,321 $ 5,647 $ 3,170 $ 3,732 $ 27,374 $ — $ 86,203 Current period gross writeoff $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — Guaranteed student loans Pass — — — — — 17,923 — — 17,923 Special Mention — — — — — — — — — Substandard — — — — — — — — — Total Guaranteed student loans $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — $ 17,923 $ — $ — $ 17,923 Current period gross writeoff $ 30 $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — Consumer and other Pass 455 483 123 50 17 11 3,126 — 4,265 Special Mention — — — — — — — — — Substandard — — — — — — — — — Total Consumer and other $ 455 $ 483 $ 123 $ 50 $ 17 $ 11 $ 3,126 $ $ 4,265 Current period gross writeoff $ 3 $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — Total Current period gross writeoff $ 33 $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — Total loans $ 88,151 $ 100,297 $ 96,010 $ 48,576 $ 29,814 $ 146,610 $ 65,550 $ — $ 575,008 The following tables present the aging of the recorded investment in past due loans as of the dates indicated (in thousands): Greater Investment > 30 ‑ 59 Days 60 ‑ 89 Days Than Total Past Total 90 Days and Past Due Past Due 90 Days Due Current Loans Accruing December 31, 2023 Construction and land development Residential $ — $ — $ — $ — $ 10,471 $ 10,471 $ — Commercial — — — — 37,024 37,024 — — — — — 47,495 47,495 — Commercial real estate Owner occupied — — — — 122,666 122,666 — Non-owner occupied — — — — 154,855 154,855 — Multifamily — — — — 12,743 12,743 — Farmland — — — — 326 326 — — — — — 290,590 290,590 — Consumer real estate Home equity lines 83 25 — 108 21,449 21,557 — Secured by 1‑4 family residential First deed of trust — — — — 95,638 95,638 — Second deed of trust 33 — — 33 11,304 11,337 — 116 25 — 141 128,391 128,532 — Commercial and industrial loans (except those secured by real estate) — — — — 86,203 86,203 — Guaranteed student loans 690 493 2,228 3,411 14,512 17,923 2,228 Consumer and other 734 — — 734 3,531 4,265 — Total loans $ 1,540 $ 518 $ 2,228 $ 4,286 $ 570,722 $ 575,008 $ 2,228 Recorded Greater Investment > 30-59 Days 60-89 Days Than Total Past Total 90 Days and Past Due Past Due 90 Days Due Current Loans Accruing December 31, 2022 Construction and land development Residential $ — $ — $ — $ — $ 9,727 $ 9,727 $ — Commercial — — — — 35,400 35,400 — — — — — 45,127 45,127 — Commercial real estate Owner occupied — — — — 119,643 119,643 — Non-owner occupied — — — — 153,610 153,610 — Multifamily — — — — 11,291 11,291 — Farmland — — — — 73 73 — — — — — 284,617 284,617 — Consumer real estate Home equity lines — 50 — 50 18,371 18,421 — Secured by 1-4 family residential First deed of trust — — — — 67,495 67,495 — Second deed of trust 54 — — 54 7,710 7,764 — 54 50 — 104 93,576 93,680 — Commercial and industrial loans (except those secured by real estate) 1,022 — 377 1,399 88,949 90,348 — Guaranteed student loans 831 390 1,725 2,946 17,671 20,617 1,725 Consumer and other — — — — 4,038 4,038 — Total loans $ 1,907 $ 440 $ 2,102 $ 4,449 $ 533,978 $ 538,427 $ 1,725 Loans greater than 90 days past due consist of student loans that are guaranteed by the DOE which covers approximately 98% of the principal and interest. Accordingly, these loans will not be placed on nonaccrual status and are not considered to be impaired. Loans that are individually evaluated for credit losses are limited to loans that have specific risk characteristics that are not shared by other loans and based on current information and events it is probable the Company will be unable to collect all amounts when due in accordance with the original contractual terms of the loan agreement, including scheduled principal and interest payments. The repayment of these loans is expected to be substantially through the operations or the sale of the collateral. The allowance for credit losses on loans that are individually evaluated will be measured based on the fair value of the collateral either through operations or the sale of the collateral. When repayment is expected through the sale of the collateral, the allowance will be based on the fair value of the collateral less estimated costs to sell. Collateral dependent loans, or portions thereof, are charged off when deemed uncollectible. Collateral dependent loans are set forth in the following table as of the dates indicated (in thousands): December 31, 2023 December 31, 2022 Unpaid Unpaid Recorded Principal Related Recorded Principal Related Investment Balance Allowance Investment Balance Allowance With no related allowance recorded Commercial real estate Owner occupied $ — $ — $ — $ 4,332 $ 4,347 $ — Non-owner occupied — — — 312 312 — — — — 4,644 4,659 — Consumer real estate Home equity lines — — — 300 300 — Secured by 1‑4 family residential First deed of trust 160 160 — 1,745 1,745 — Second deed of trust 105 105 — 195 300 — 265 265 — 2,240 2,345 — Commercial and industrial loans (except those secured by real estate) 26 26 — 19 19 — 291 291 — 6,903 7,023 — With an allowance recorded Commercial real estate Owner occupied — — — 251 251 2 — — — 251 251 2 Consumer real estate Secured by 1-4 family residential First deed of trust — — — 136 136 6 — — — 136 136 6 Consumer and other — — — 21 21 1 — — — 408 408 9 Total Owner occupied — — — 4,583 4,598 2 Non-owner occupied — — — 312 312 — — — — 4,895 4,910 2 Consumer real estate Home equity lines — — — 300 300 — Secured by 1-4 family residential, First deed of trust 160 160 — 1,881 1,881 6 Second deed of trust 105 105 — 195 300 — 265 265 — 2,376 2,481 6 Commercial and industrial loans (except those secured by real estate) 26 26 — 19 19 — Consumer and other — — — 21 21 1 $ 291 $ 291 $ — $ 7,311 $ 7,431 $ 9 The following is a summary of average recorded investment in individually evaluated loans with and without valuation allowance and interest income recognized on those loans for periods indicated (in thousands): December 31, 2023 2022 Average Interest Average Interest Recorded Income Recorded Income Investment Recognized Investment Recognized With no related allowance recorded Commercial real estate Owner occupied $ 1,166 $ 208 $ 4,339 $ 159 Non-owner occupied — — 857 20 1,166 208 5,196 179 Consumer real estate Home equity lines 74 — 300 27 Secured by 1-4 family residential First deed of trust 169 8 1,798 70 Second deed of trust 108 4 217 10 351 12 2,315 107 Commercial and industrial loans (except those secured by real estate) 57 8 94 4 1,574 228 7,605 290 With an allowance recorded Commercial real estate Owner occupied — — 257 15 — — 257 15 Consumer real estate Secured by 1-4 family residential First deed of trust — — 121 7 Second deed of trust — — 49 — — — 170 7 Consumer and other — — 11 — — — 438 22 Total Commercial real estate Owner occupied 1,166 208 4,596 174 Non-owner occupied — — 857 20 1,166 208 5,453 194 Consumer real estate Home equity lines 74 — 300 27 Secured by 1-4 family residential, First deed of trust 169 8 1,919 77 Second deed of trust 108 4 266 10 351 12 2,485 114 Commercial and industrial loans (except those secured by real estate) 57 8 94 4 Consumer and other — — 11 — $ 1,574 $ 228 $ 8,043 $ 312 Loan Modifications to Borrowers in Financial Difficulty As part of its credit risk management, the Company may modify a loan agreement with a borrower experiencing financial difficulties through a refinancing or restructuring of the borrower’s loan agreement. There were no modified loans identified during the year ended December 31, 2023. Prior Period Troubled Debt Restructuring Disclosures Prior to adopting the new accounting standard on loan modifications, the Company accounted for modifications of loans to borrowers experiencing financial difficulties as TDRs, when the modification resulted in a concession. The following discussion reflects loans that are considered TDRs prior to January 1, 2023. Included in impaired loans are loans classified as TDRs. A modification of a loan’s terms constitutes a TDR if the creditor grants a concession to the borrower for economic or legal reasons related to the borrower’s financial difficulties that it would not otherwise consider. For loans classified as impaired TDRs, the Company further evaluates the loans as performing or nonaccrual. To restore a nonaccrual loan that has been formally restructured in a TDR to accrual status, we perform a current, well documented credit analysis supporting a return to accrual status based on the borrower’s financial condition and prospects for repayment under the revised terms. Otherwise, the TDR must remain in nonaccrual status. The analysis considers the borrower’s sustained historical repayment performance for a reasonable period to the return-to-accrual date, but may take into account payments made for a reasonable period prior to the restructuring if the payments are consistent with the modified terms. A sustained period of repayment performance generally would be a minimum of six months and would involve payments in the form of cash or cash equivalents. An accruing loan that is modified in a TDR can remain in accrual status if, based on a current well-documented credit analysis, collection of principal and interest in accordance with the modified terms is reasonably assured, and the borrower has demonstrated sustained historical repayment performance for a reasonable period before modification. The following is a summary of performing and nonaccrual TDRs and the related specific valuation allowance by portfolio segment as of December 31, 2022 (dollars in thousands). Specific Valuation Total Performing Nonaccrual Allowance December 31, 2022 Commercial real estate Owner occupied $ 3,348 $ 3,348 $ — $ 2 Non-owner occupied 312 312 — — 3,660 3,660 — 2 Consumer real estate Secured by 1-4 family residential First deeds of trust 1,409 1,409 — 6 Second deeds of trust 75 19 56 — 1,484 1,428 56 6 Commercial and industrial loans (except those secured by real estate) 19 — 19 — $ 5,163 $ 5,088 $ 75 $ 8 Number of loans 24 22 2 3 There were no new TDRs identified for the year ended December 31, 2022 A TDR payment default occurs when, within 12 months of the original TDR modification, either a full or partial charge-off occurs or a TDR becomes 90 days or more past due. The specific reserve associated with a TDR is reevaluated when a TDR payment default occurs. There were no defaults on TDRs that were modified as TDRs during the twelve-month period ended December 31, 2022. |