Loans and allowance for credit losses | Note 5 – Loans and allowance for credit losses Loans classified by type as of September 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023 are as follows (dollars in thousands) September 30, 2024 December 31, 2023 Amount % Amount % Construction and land development Residential $ 16,661 2.71 % $ 10,471 1.82 % Commercial 36,247 5.90 % 37,024 6.44 % 52,908 8.61 % 47,495 8.26 % Commercial real estate Owner occupied 129,747 21.10 % 122,666 21.33 % Non-owner occupied 165,979 27.00 % 154,855 26.93 % Multifamily 17,862 2.91 % 12,743 2.22 % Farmland 318 0.05 % 326 0.06 % 313,906 51.06 % 290,590 50.54 % Consumer real estate Home equity lines 22,384 3.64 % 21,557 3.75 % Secured by 1-4 family residential, First deed of trust 94,497 15.37 % 95,638 16.63 % Second deed of trust 13,783 2.24 % 11,337 1.97 % 130,664 21.25 % 128,532 22.35 % Commercial and industrial loans (except those secured by real estate) 98,878 16.08 % 86,203 14.99 % Guaranteed student loans 13,645 2.22 % 17,923 3.12 % Consumer and other 4,771 0.78 % 4,265 0.74 % Total loans 614,772 100.0 % 575,008 100.0 % Deferred and costs, net 612 803 Less: allowance for credit losses (3,700) (3,423) $ 611,684 $ 572,388 The Bank has a purchased portfolio of rehabilitated student loans guaranteed by the U.S. Department of Education (“DOE”). The guarantee covers approximately 98% of principal and accrued interest. The loans are serviced by a third-party servicer that specializes in handling the special needs of the DOE student loan programs. Loans pledged as collateral with the FHLB as part of their lending arrangement with the Company totaled $55.9 million and $35.5 million as of September 30, 2024, and December 31, 2023, respectively. Loans are considered past due if the required principal and interest payments have not been received as of the date such payments were due. Loans are placed on nonaccrual status when, in management’s opinion, the borrower may be unable to meet payment obligations as they become due, as well as when required by regulatory provisions. When interest accrual is discontinued, all unpaid accrued interest is reversed. Interest income is subsequently recognized only to the extent cash payments are received in excess of principal due. Loans are returned to accrual status when all principal and interest amounts contractually due are brought current and future payments are reasonably assured. The following table provides information on nonaccrual loans segregated by type at the dates indicated (in thousands): September 30, December 31, 2024 2023 Consumer real estate Home equity lines $ 25 $ — Secured by 1-4 family residential First deed of trust 156 $ 160 Second deed of trust 85 105 266 265 Commercial and industrial loans (except those secured by real estate) 103 26 Total loans $ 369 $ 291 There was $79,000 in loans with an individual allowance of $15,000 that were collateral dependent associated with the total nonaccrual loans of $369,000 at September 30, 2024. There were no individual allowances associated with the total nonaccrual loans of $291,000 at December 31, 2023, that were considered collateral dependent. The Company recognized $27,000 of interest on nonaccrual loans outstanding as of September 30, 2024. Management considers the guidance in Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”) 310-20 when determining whether a modification, extension, or renewal of loan constitutes a current period origination. Generally, current period renewals of credit are reunderwritten at the point of renewal and considered current period originations for purposes of the table below. As of September 30, 2024 and december 31, 2023, based on the most recent analysis performed, the risk category of loans based on year of origination is as follows (in thousands): Revolving- Total 2024 2023 2022 2021 2020 Prior Revolving Term Loans September 30, 2024 Construction and land development Residential Pass $ 8,364 $ 2,793 $ 1,358 $ 339 $ — $ — $ 3,807 $ — $ 16,661 Special Mention — — — — — — — — — Substandard — — — — — — — — — Total Residential $ 8,364 $ 2,793 $ 1,358 $ 339 $ — $ — $ 3,807 $ — $ 16,661 Current period gross writeoff $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — Commercial Pass 4,349 7,309 10,343 13,195 201 850 — — 36,247 Special Mention — — — — — — — — — Substandard — — — — — — — — — Total Commercial $ 4,349 $ 7,309 $ 10,343 $ 13,195 $ 201 $ 850 $ — $ — $ 36,247 Current period gross writeoff $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — Commercial real estate Owner occupied Pass 12,033 13,238 23,203 18,798 9,497 48,221 1,650 — 126,640 Special Mention — — — — — 3,107 — — 3,107 Substandard — — — — — — — — — Total Owner occupied $ 12,033 $ 13,238 $ 23,203 $ 18,798 $ 9,497 $ 51,328 $ 1,650 $ — $ 129,747 Current period gross writeoff $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — Non-owner occupied Pass 11,725 11,463 29,220 27,256 22,869 53,861 4,727 — 161,121 Special Mention — — — 2,135 — 2,723 — — 4,858 Substandard — — — — — — — — — Total Non-owner occupied $ 11,725 $ 11,463 $ 29,220 $ 29,391 $ 22,869 $ 56,584 $ 4,727 $ — $ 165,979 Current period gross writeoff $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — Multifamily Pass 5,249 1,300 — 2,293 257 6,654 2,109 — 17,862 Special Mention — — — — — — — — — Substandard — — — — — — — — — Total Multifamily $ 5,249 $ 1,300 $ — $ 2,293 $ 257 $ 6,654 $ 2,109 $ — $ 17,862 Current period gross writeoff $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — Farmland Pass — — — — — 18 300 — 318 Special Mention — — — — — — — — — Substandard — — — — — — — — — Total Farmland $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — $ 18 $ 300 $ — $ 318 Current period gross writeoff $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — Consumer real estate Home equity lines Pass — — — — — — 22,239 — 22,239 Special Mention — — — — — — — — — Substandard — — — — — — 145 — 145 Total Home equity lines $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — $ 22,384 $ — $ 22,384 Current period gross writeoff $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — Secured by 1-4 family residential First deed of trust Pass 12,170 27,947 13,909 13,587 6,696 17,521 — — 91,830 Special Mention — 2,304 — — — 207 — — 2,511 Substandard — — — — — 156 — — 156 Total First deed of trust $ 12,170 $ 30,251 $ 13,909 $ 13,587 $ 6,696 $ 17,884 $ — $ — $ 94,497 Current period gross writeoff $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — Second deed of trust Pass 3,673 4,140 2,906 879 362 1,256 289 — 13,505 Special Mention 87 — — — — 106 — — 193 Substandard — — — — — 85 — — 85 Total Second deed of trust $ 3,760 $ 4,140 $ 2,906 $ 879 $ 362 $ 1,447 $ 289 $ $ 13,783 Current period gross writeoff $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — Commercial and industrial loans (except those secured by real estate) Pass 15,243 16,463 12,945 9,815 4,363 4,113 34,809 — 97,751 Special Mention — — 85 — — 92 847 — 1,024 Substandard — — — 79 — 24 — — 103 Total Commercial and industrial $ 15,243 $ 16,463 $ 13,030 $ 9,894 $ 4,363 $ 4,229 $ 35,656 $ — $ 98,878 Current period gross writeoff $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — Guaranteed student loans Pass — — — — — 13,645 — — 13,645 Special Mention — — — — — — — — — Substandard — — — — — — — — — Total Guaranteed student loans $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — $ 13,645 $ — $ — $ 13,645 Current period gross writeoff $ 16 $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — $ 16 Consumer and other Pass 396 309 325 57 21 24 3,639 — 4,771 Special Mention — — — — — — — — — Substandard — — — — — — — — — Total Consumer and other $ 396 $ 309 $ 325 $ 57 $ 21 $ 24 $ 3,639 $ $ 4,771 Current period gross writeoff $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — Total Current period gross writeoff $ 16 $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — $ 16 Total loans $ 73,289 $ 87,266 $ 94,294 $ 88,433 $ 44,266 $ 152,663 $ 74,561 $ — $ 614,772 Revolving- Total 2023 2022 2021 2020 2019 Prior Revolving Term Loans December 31, 2023 Construction and land development Residential Pass $ 6,320 $ 3,812 $ 339 $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — $ 10,471 Special Mention — — — — — — — — — Substandard — — — — — — — — — Total Residential $ 6,320 $ 3,812 $ 339 $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — $ 10,471 Current period gross writeoff $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — Commercial Pass 5,007 14,506 10,339 235 — 1,183 5,754 — 37,024 Special Mention — — — — — — — — — Substandard — — — — — — — — — Total Commercial $ 5,007 $ 14,506 $ 10,339 $ 235 $ — $ 1,183 $ 5,754 $ — $ 37,024 Current period gross writeoff $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — Commercial real estate Owner occupied Pass 11,945 21,846 20,044 9,855 12,145 41,067 788 — 117,690 Special Mention — 202 73 — — 4,701 — — 4,976 Substandard — — — — — — — — — Total Owner occupied $ 11,945 $ 22,048 $ 20,117 $ 9,855 $ 12,145 $ 45,768 $ 788 $ — $ 122,666 Current period gross writeoff $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — Non-owner occupied Pass 9,468 25,607 28,455 23,567 9,528 47,645 3,312 — 147,582 Special Mention — — 2,173 — — 5,100 — — 7,273 Substandard — — — — — — — — — Total Non-owner occupied $ 9,468 $ 25,607 $ 30,628 $ 23,567 $ 9,528 $ 52,745 $ 3,312 $ — $ 154,855 Current period gross writeoff $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — Multifamily Pass 1,300 — 2,503 548 885 6,113 1,394 — 12,743 Special Mention — — — — — — — — — Substandard — — — — — — — — — Total Multifamily $ 1,300 $ — $ 2,503 $ 548 $ 885 $ 6,113 $ 1,394 $ — $ 12,743 Current period gross writeoff $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — Farmland Pass — — — — — 26 300 — 326 Special Mention — — — — — — — — — Substandard — — — — — — — — — Total Farmland $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — $ 26 $ 300 $ — $ 326 Current period gross writeoff $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — Consumer real estate Home equity lines Pass — 446 — — — — 21,036 — 21,482 Special Mention — — — — — — 75 — 75 Substandard — — — — — — — — — Total Home equity lines $ — $ 446 $ — $ — $ — $ — $ 21,111 $ — $ 21,557 Current period gross writeoff $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — Secured by 1-4 family residential First deed of trust Pass 34,067 14,288 15,613 8,107 2,957 17,427 2,125 — 94,584 Special Mention — — — 170 — 724 — — 894 Substandard — — — — — 160 — — 160 Total First deed of trust $ 34,067 $ 14,288 $ 15,613 $ 8,277 $ 2,957 $ 18,311 $ 2,125 $ — $ 95,638 Current period gross writeoff $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — Second deed of trust Pass 4,530 3,207 1,027 397 1,067 626 266 — 11,120 Special Mention — — — — 45 67 — — 112 Substandard — — — — — 105 — — 105 Total Second deed of trust $ 4,530 $ 3,207 $ 1,027 $ 397 $ 1,112 $ 798 $ 266 $ $ 11,337 Current period gross writeoff $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — Commercial and industrial loans (except those secured by real estate) Pass 15,022 15,900 15,321 5,634 2,852 3,698 27,068 — 85,495 Special Mention 37 — — — 318 22 306 — 683 Substandard — — — 13 — 12 — — 25 Total Commercial and industrial $ 15,059 $ 15,900 $ 15,321 $ 5,647 $ 3,170 $ 3,732 $ 27,374 $ — $ 86,203 Current period gross writeoff $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — Guaranteed student loans Pass — — — — — 17,923 — — 17,923 Special Mention — — — — — — — — — Substandard — — — — — — — — — Total Guaranteed student loans $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — $ 17,923 $ — $ — $ 17,923 Current period gross writeoff $ 30 $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — $ 30 Consumer and other Pass 455 483 123 50 17 11 3,126 — 4,265 Special Mention — — — — — — — — — Substandard — — — — — — — — — Total Consumer and other $ 455 $ 483 $ 123 $ 50 $ 17 $ 11 $ 3,126 $ $ 4,265 Current period gross writeoff $ 3 $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — $ 3 Total Current period gross writeoff $ 33 $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — $ 33 Total loans $ 88,151 $ 100,297 $ 96,010 $ 48,576 $ 29,814 $ 146,610 $ 65,550 $ — $ 575,008 The following table presents the aging of the recorded investment in past due loans and leases as of the dates indicated (in thousands): Greater Investment > 30 ‑ 59 Days 60 ‑ 89 Days Than Total Past Total 90 Days and Past Due Past Due 90 Days Due Current Loans Accruing September 30, 2024 Construction and land development Residential $ — $ — $ — $ — $ 16,661 $ 16,661 $ — Commercial — — — — 36,247 36,247 — — — — — 52,908 52,908 — Commercial real estate Owner occupied — — — — 129,747 129,747 — Non-owner occupied 16 — — 16 165,963 165,979 — Multifamily — — — — 17,862 17,862 — Farmland — — — — 318 318 — 16 — — 16 313,890 313,906 — Consumer real estate Home equity lines — 120 — 120 22,264 22,384 — Secured by 1‑4 family residential First deed of trust — — — — 94,497 94,497 — Second deed of trust — — — — 13,783 13,783 — — 120 — 120 130,544 130,664 — Commercial and industrial loans (except those secured by real estate) — 698 375 1,073 97,805 98,878 375 Guaranteed student loans 379 492 1,195 2,066 11,579 13,645 1,195 Consumer and other — — 22 22 4,749 4,771 — Total loans $ 395 $ 1,310 $ 1,592 $ 3,297 $ 611,475 $ 614,772 $ 1,570 Recorded Greater Investment > 30-59 Days 60-89 Days Than Total Past Total 90 Days and Past Due Past Due 90 Days Due Current Loans Accruing December 31, 2023 Construction and land development Residential $ — $ — $ — $ — $ 10,471 $ 10,471 $ — Commercial — — — — 37,024 37,024 — — — — — 47,495 47,495 — Commercial real estate Owner occupied — — — — 122,666 122,666 — Non-owner occupied — — — — 154,855 154,855 — Multifamily — — — — 12,743 12,743 — Farmland — — — — 326 326 — — — — — 290,590 290,590 — Consumer real estate Home equity lines 83 25 — 108 21,449 21,557 — Secured by 1-4 family residential First deed of trust — — — — 95,638 95,638 — Second deed of trust 33 — — 33 11,304 11,337 — 116 25 — 141 128,391 128,532 — Commercial and industrial loans (except those secured by real estate) — — — — 86,203 86,203 — Guaranteed student loans 690 493 2,228 3,411 14,512 17,923 2,228 Consumer and other 734 — — 734 3,531 4,265 — Total loans $ 1,540 $ 518 $ 2,228 $ 4,286 $ 570,722 $ 575,008 $ 2,228 Loans greater than 90 days past due consist of United States Department of Agricultural loans that are guaranteed by the USDA which covers 100% of principal and interest and student loans that are guaranteed by the DOE which covers approximately 98% of the principal and interest. Accordingly, these loans will not be placed on nonaccrual status and are not considered to be impaired. Loans that are individually evaluated for credit losses are limited to loans that have specific risk characteristics that are not shared by other loans and based on current information and events it is probable the Company will be unable to collect all amounts when due in accordance with the original contractual terms of the loan agreement, including scheduled principal and interest payments. The repayment of these loans is expected to be substantially through the operations or the sale of the collateral. The allowance for credit losses on loans that are individually evaluated will be measured based on the fair value of the collateral either through operations or the sale of the collateral. When repayment is expected through the sale of the collateral, the allowance will be based on the fair value of the collateral less estimated costs to sell. Collateral dependent loans, or portions thereof, are charged off when deemed uncollectible. Collateral dependent loans are set forth in the following table as of the dates indicated (in thousands): September 30, 2024 December 31, 2023 Unpaid Unpaid Recorded Principal Related Recorded Principal Related Investment Balance Allowance Investment Balance Allowance With no related allowance recorded Consumer real estate Home equity lines $ 25 $ 25 $ — $ — $ — $ — Secured by 1‑4 family residential First deed of trust 156 156 — 160 160 — Second deed of trust 85 85 — 105 105 — 266 266 — 265 265 — Commercial and industrial loans (except those secured by real estate) 24 24 — 26 26 — 290 290 — 291 291 — With an allowance recorded Commercial and industrial loans (except those secured by real estate) 79 79 15 — — — 79 79 15 — — — Total Consumer real estate Home equity lines 25 25 — — — — Secured by 1-4 family residential, First deed of trust 156 156 — 160 160 — Second deed of trust 85 85 — 105 105 — 266 266 — 265 265 — Commercial and industrial loans (except those secured by real estate) 103 103 15 26 26 — $ 369 $ 369 $ 15 $ 291 $ 291 $ — The following is a summary of average recorded investment in collateral dependent loans with and without a valuation allowance and interest income recognized on those loans for the periods indicated (in thousands): For the Three Months Ended Nine Months Ended September 30, September 30, Average Interest Average Interest Recorded Income Recorded Income Investment Recognized Investment Recognized With no related allowance recorded Consumer real estate Home equity lines $ 12 $ — $ 8 $ — Secured by 1-4 family residential First deed of trust 157 2 158 7 Second deed of trust 91 2 97 8 260 4 263 15 Commercial and industrial loans (except those secured by real estate) 20 4 23 4 280 8 286 19 With an allowance recorded Commercial and industrial loans (except those secured by real estate) 46 1 40 4 46 1 40 4 Total Consumer real estate Secured by 1-4 family residential, First deed of trust 157 2 158 7 Second deed of trust 91 2 97 8 260 4 263 15 Commercial and industrial loans (except those secured by real estate) 66 5 63 8 $ 326 $ 9 $ 326 $ 23 Loan Modifications to Borrowers in Financial Difficulty As part of its credit risk management, the Company may modify a loan agreement with a borrower experiencing financial difficulties through a refinancing or restructuring of the borrower’s loan agreement. There were no modified loans identified during the nine months ended September 30, 2024 and September 30, 2023. In accordance with ASC 326, the Company has segmented its loan portfolio based on similar risk characteristics by call report code. The Company’s forecast of estimated expected losses is based on a twelve-month forecast of the national rate of unemployment and external observations of historical loan losses. The Company uses the Federal Open Market Committee’s projection of unemployment for its reasonable and supportable forecasting of current expected credit losses. For the periods beyond the reasonable and supportable forecast period, projections of expected credit losses are based on a reversion to the long-run mean for the national unemployment rate. To further adjust the allowance for credit losses for expected losses not already included within the quantitative component of the calculation, the Company may consider the following qualitative adjustment factors: changes in lending policies and procedures including changes in underwriting standards, and collections, charge-offs, and recovery practices, changes in international, national, regional, and local conditions, changes in the nature and volume of the portfolio and terms of loans, changes in experience, depth, and ability of lending management, changes in the volume and severity of past due loans and other similar conditions, changes in the quality of the organization’s loan review system, changes in the value of underlying collateral for collateral dependent loans, the existence and effect of any concentrations of credit and changes in the levels of such concentrations, and the effect of other external factors (i.e. competition, legal and regulatory requirements) on the level of estimated credit losses. Activity in the allowance for credit losses on loans is as follows for the periods indicated (in thousands): Provision for Beginning (Recovery of) Ending Balance Credit Losses Charge-offs Recoveries Balance Three Months Ended September 30, 2024 Construction and land development Residential $ 84 $ 18 $ — $ — $ 102 Commercial 206 6 — — 212 290 24 — — 314 Commercial real estate Owner occupied 461 5 — — 466 Non-owner occupied 1,469 14 — — 1,483 Multifamily 84 (10) — — 74 Farmland 1 — — — 1 2,015 9 — — 2,024 Consumer real estate Home equity lines 32 1 — — 33 Secured by 1-4 family residential — First deed of trust 292 (14) — 1 279 Second deed of trust 103 9 — 1 113 427 (4) — 2 425 Commercial and industrial loans (except those secured by real estate) 726 (24) — 30 732 Student loans 45 1 (5) — 41 Consumer and other 34 (1) — 1 34 Unallocated 144 (14) — — 130 $ 3,681 $ (9) $ (5) $ 33 $ 3,700 Impact of Provision for Beginning adopting (Recovery of) Ending Balance ASC 326 Credit Losses Charge-offs Recoveries Balance Three Months Ended September 30, 2023 Construction and land development Residential $ 61 $ — $ 12 $ — $ — $ 73 Commercial 268 — 24 — — 292 329 — 36 — — 365 Commercial real estate Owner occupied 379 — 18 — — 397 Non-owner occupied 1,376 — 59 — — 1,435 Multifamily 44 — — — — 44 Farmland — — 3 — — 3 1,799 — 80 — — 1,879 Consumer real estate Home equity lines 32 — 2 — — 34 Secured by 1-4 family residential — First deed of trust 245 — 24 — 1 270 Second deed of trust 84 — 3 — 5 92 361 — 29 — 6 396 Commercial and industrial loans (except those secured by real estate) 673 — (223) — 160 610 Student loans 44 — 16 (14) — 46 Consumer and other 34 — 3 (2) — 35 Unallocated 16 — 6 — — 22 $ 3,256 $ — $ (53) $ (16) $ 166 $ 3,353 Provision for Beginning (Recovery of) Ending Balance Credit Losses Charge-offs Recoveries Balance Nine Months Ended September 30, 2024 Construction and land development Residential $ 86 $ 16 $ — $ — $ 102 Commercial 228 (16) — — 212 314 — — — 314 Commercial real estate Owner occupied 409 57 — — 466 Non-owner occupied 1,467 16 — — 1,483 Multifamily 44 30 — — 74 Farmland 3 (2) — — 1 1,923 101 — — 2,024 Consumer real estate Home equity lines 40 (17) — 10 33 Secured by 1-4 family residential First deed of trust 293 (17) — 3 279 Second deed of trust 99 (100) — 114 113 432 (134) — 127 425 Commercial and industrial loans (except those secured by real estate) 640 55 — 37 732 Student loans 57 — (16) — 41 Consumer and other 36 (3) — 1 34 Unallocated 21 109 — — 130 $ 3,423 $ 128 $ (16) $ 165 $ 3,700 Impact of Provision for Beginning adopting (Recovery of) Ending Balance ASC 326 Loan Losses Charge-offs Recoveries Balance Nine Months Ended September 30, 2023 Construction and land development Residential $ 79 $ 3 $ (9) $ — $ — $ 73 Commercial 192 34 66 — — 292 271 37 57 — — 365 Commercial real estate Owner occupied 867 (475) 5 — — 397 Non-owner occupied 1,289 192 (46) — — 1,435 Multifamily 33 7 4 — — 44 Farmland — — 3 — — 3 2,189 (276) (34) — — 1,879 Consumer real estate Home equity lines 11 24 (1) — — 34 Secured by 1-4 family residential First deed of trust 131 76 61 — 2 270 Second deed of trust 43 25 13 — 11 92 185 125 73 — 13 396 Commercial and industrial loans (except those secured by real estate) 576 1 (139) — 172 610 Student loans 52 — 15 (21) — 46 Consumer and other 37 (5) 5 (2) — 35 Unallocated 60 (9) (29) — — 22 $ 3,370 $ (127) $ (52) $ (23) $ 185 $ 3,353 Impact of Provision for Beginning adopting (Recovery of) Ending Balance ASC 326 Loan Losses Charge-offs Recoveries Balance Year Ended December 31, 2023 Construction and land development Residential $ 79 $ 3 $ 4 $ — $ — $ 86 Commercial 192 34 2 — — 228 271 37 6 — — 314 Commercial real estate Owner occupied 867 (475) 17 — — 409 Non-owner occupied 1,289 192 (14) — — 1,467 Multifamily 33 7 4 — — 44 Farmland — — 3 — — 3 2,189 (276) 10 — — 1,923 Consumer real estate Home equity lines 11 24 5 — — 40 Secured by 1-4 family residential First deed of trust 131 76 83 — 3 293 Second deed of trust 43 25 15 — 16 99 185 125 103 — 19 432 Commercial and industrial loans (except those secured by real estate) 576 1 (110) — 173 640 Student loans 52 — 35 (30) — 57 Consumer and other 37 (5) 7 (3) — 36 Unallocated 60 (9) (30) — — 21 $ 3,370 $ ( |