Defined Contribution Plans, Pension and Other Post-Retirement Benefit Plans | Defined Contribution Plan, Pension and Other Post-Retirement Benefit Plans Defined Contribution Plan - We sponsor a defined contribution plan covering eligible employees. Eligible employees can contribute on a pre-tax basis to the plan. In accordance with the terms of the 401(k) plan, we elect to match a certain percentage of the participants’ contributions to the plan, as defined. We recognized expense associated with the plan of $1.9 million, $4.6 million and $3.6 million for the years ended December 31, 2020, 2019, and 2018, respectively. The decrease in expense for the year ended December 31, 2020 as compared to the to the prior year period primarily resulted from the temporary suspension of the employer 401(k) match taken in response to the COVID-19 pandemic. Pension and Other Post-Retirement Benefit Plans - We sponsor pension and other post-retirement benefit plans that cover certain hourly and salaried employees in the U.S. and United Kingdom. Each of the plans are frozen to new participants and to additional service credits earned. In December 2018, we consolidated the U.S. plans. Our policy is to make annual contributions to the plans to fund the minimum contributions, as required by local regulations. During the three months ended March 31, 2019, the Company offered employees with deferred vested balances in the U.S. defined benefit pension plan the opportunity to voluntarily elect an early payout of their benefits. Payouts totaling $7.9 million were made during 2019 and were paid out of plan assets resulting in a non-cash settlement charge of $2.5 million, which was recorded in interest and other expense in the Consolidated Statements of Operations and is reflected in amortization of prior service cost in the net periodic (benefit) cost table below. The change in benefit obligation, plan assets and funded status as of December 31 is as follows: U.S. Pension and Other Post-Retirement Benefit Plans Non-U.S. Pension Plan 2020 2019 2020 2019 Change in benefit obligation: Benefit obligation — Beginning of the year $ 39,577 $ 45,238 $ 44,841 $ 40,265 Service cost — — 37 — Interest cost 1,117 1,483 838 1,112 Participant contributions 2 6 — — Benefits paid (2,344) (10,346) (1,820) (1,681) Actuarial loss 2,866 3,196 7,514 3,730 Exchange rate changes — — 2,244 1,415 Benefit obligation at end of the year 41,218 39,577 53,654 44,841 Change in plan assets: Fair value of plan assets — Beginning of the year 40,045 42,962 34,321 30,424 Actual return on plan assets 4,907 6,588 3,474 3,610 Employer contributions 18 835 948 887 Participant contributions 2 6 — — Benefits paid (2,344) (10,346) (1,820) (1,681) Exchange rate changes — — 1,562 1,081 Fair value of plan assets at end of the year 42,628 40,045 38,485 34,321 Funded status $ 1,410 $ 468 $ (15,169) $ (10,520) Actuarial Loss - The projected U.S. benefit obligation includes a net loss of $2.9 million for the year ended December 31, 2020. The loss is a result of changes in key actuarial assumptions, including the decrease in the discount rate. The projected Non-U.S. benefit obligation includes a net loss of $7.5 million for the year ended December 31, 2020 driven primarily by a decrease in the discount rate assumption. Amounts recognized in the Consolidated Balance Sheets at December 31 consisted of: U.S. Pension and Other Post-Retirement Benefit Plans Non-U.S. Pension Plan 2020 2019 2020 2019 Noncurrent assets $ 1,557 $ 633 $ — $ — Current liabilities (20) (19) — — Noncurrent liabilities (127) (146) (15,169) (10,520) Amount recognized $ 1,410 $ 468 $ (15,169) $ (10,520) The components of net periodic (benefit) cost for the years ended December 31 were as follows: U.S. Pension and Other Post-Retirement Benefit Plans Non-U.S. Pension Plan 2020 2019 2018 2020 2019 2018 Interest cost $ 1,117 $ 1,483 $ 1,664 $ 838 $ 1,112 $ 1,030 Expected return on plan assets (2,075) (2,393) (3,151) (1,093) (1,117) (1,210) Amortization of prior service cost 1 6 2,528 6 47 47 — Recognized actuarial loss 283 308 263 592 531 496 Net periodic cost (benefit) $ (669) $ 1,926 $ (1,218) $ 384 $ 573 $ 316 1 Includes $2.5 million non-cash settlement charge arising from the early payout of the U.S. defined benefit plan benefits in the year ended December 31, 2019. Net periodic (benefit) cost components, not inclusive of service costs, are recognized in Other (expense) income within the Consolidated Statements of Operations. Amounts Recognized in Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss) - Amounts recognized in Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss), before taking into account income tax effects, at December 31 are as follows: U.S. Pension and Other Post-Retirement Benefit Plans Non-U.S. Pension Plan 2020 2019 2018 2020 2019 2018 Net actuarial loss $ 10,689 $ 10,937 $ 14,767 $ 18,574 $ 13,783 $ 12,972 Prior service cost 39 45 51 748 747 788 $ 10,728 $ 10,982 $ 14,818 $ 19,322 $ 14,530 $ 13,760 Other Changes in Plan Assets and Benefit Obligations Recognized in Comprehensive Income (Loss) - Amounts recognized as other changes in plan assets and benefit obligations in comprehensive income (loss), before taking into account income tax effects, for the year ended December 31 are as follows: U.S. Pension and Other Post-Retirement Plans Non-U.S. Pension Plan 2020 2019 2020 2019 Actuarial (gain) loss $ 34 $ (1,001) $ 5,428 $ 968 Amortization of actuarial (loss) gain (283) (2,829) (625) (37) Prior service credit (6) (6) (11) (416) Total recognized in other comprehensive income (loss) $ (255) $ (3,836) $ 4,792 $ 515 Weighted-average assumptions used to determine benefit obligations at December 31 were as follows: U.S. Pension and Other Post-Retirement Benefit Plans Non-U.S. Pension 2020 2019 2020 2019 Discount rate 2.08 % 2.93 % 1.20 % 1.95 % Weighted-average assumptions used to determine net periodic benefit cost at December 31 were as follows: U.S. Pension and Other Post-Retirement Plans Non-U.S. Pension Plan 2020 2019 2018 2020 2019 2018 Discount rate 2.93 % 3.40 % 3.42 % 1.95 % 2.80 % 2.45 % Expected return on plan assets 5.34 % 5.34 % 7.00 % 3.30 % 3.70 % 3.70 % The rate of return assumptions are based on projected long-term market returns for the various asset classes in which the plans are invested, weighted by the target asset allocations. An incremental amount for active plan asset management and diversification, where appropriate, is included in the rate of return assumption. Our pension plan investment strategy is reviewed periodically, but no less frequently than annually. We employ a total return investment approach whereby a mix of equities, fixed income and real estate investments are intended to maximize the long-term return of plan assets taking into consideration a prudent level of risk. The intent of this strategy is to minimize plan expenses by outperforming plan liabilities over the long run. Risk tolerance is established through consideration of plan liabilities, plan funded status and corporate financial condition. The investment portfolio contains a diversified blend of equity, balanced, fixed income and real estate investments. Furthermore, equity investments are diversified across U.S. and non-U.S. stocks, as well as growth, value and large and small capitalizations. Other assets, such as real estate, are used judiciously to perhaps enhance long-term returns and to improve portfolio diversification. Derivatives may be used to gain market exposure in an efficient and timely manner; however, derivatives may not be used to leverage the portfolio beyond the market value of the underlying investments. Investment risk is measured and monitored on an ongoing basis in light of annual liability measurements, periodic asset/liability studies and quarterly investment portfolio reviews. We expect to contribute approximately $1.1 million to our pension plans and our other post-retirement benefit plans in 2021. Our investment allocation target for our pension plans for 2020 and our weighted-average asset allocations of our pension assets for the years ended December 31, by asset category, are as follows: Target Allocation Actual Allocations as of December 31, 2020 2019 2020 2019 U.S. Non-U.S. U.S. Non-U.S. U.S. Non-U.S. U.S. Non-U.S. Cash and cash equivalents 1 — — — 1 5 — 1 Equity/Balanced securities 29 52 27 55 29 49 28 53 Fixed income securities 61 48 63 45 61 46 62 46 Real estate 9 — 10 — 9 — 10 — 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% Our plan assets can be described as follows: Equity Securities - Includes common stocks issued by U.S., United Kingdom and other international companies, equity funds that invest in common stocks and unit linked insurance policies. Equity investments generally allow near-term (within 90 days of the measurement date) liquidity and are held in issues that are actively traded to facilitate transactions at minimum cost. Balanced Securities - Includes funds primarily invested in a mix of equity and fixed income securities where the allocations are at the discretion of the investment manager. Investments generally allow near-term (within 90 days of the measurement date) liquidity and are held in issues that are actively traded to facilitate transactions at minimum cost. Fixed Income Securities - Includes U.S. dollar-denominated and United Kingdom and other international marketable bonds and convertible debt securities as well as fixed income funds that invest in these instruments. Investments generally allow near-term liquidity and are held in issues that are actively traded to facilitate transactions at minimum cost. The fair value of fixed income securities is determined by either direct or indirect quoted market prices. When the value of assets held in separate accounts is not published, the value is based on the underlying holdings, which are primarily direct quoted market prices on regulated financial exchanges. Real Estate - Real estate provides an indirect investment into a diversified and multi-sector portfolio of property assets. The fair value of real estate investments is determined by the fund managers. The fund managers value the real estate investments via independent third-party appraisals on a periodic basis. Assumptions used to revalue the properties are updated every quarter. The fair values of our pension plan assets by asset category and by level as described in Note 6, Fair Value Measurement, for the years ended December 31, 2020 and for the year ended December 31, 2019 are as follows: December 31, 2020 Quoted Prices in Significant Significant Total Level 1 Level 2 Level 3 Cash and cash equivalents $ 2,125 $ 2,125 $ — $ — Equities: U.S. large value 2,525 2,525 — — U.S. large growth 2,741 2,741 — — International blend 5,253 — 5,253 — Emerging markets 1,717 1,717 — — Balanced 18,958 — 18,958 — Fixed income securities: Corporate bonds 40,485 — 40,485 — Other 3,221 — 3,221 — Real Estate: U.S. property 4,088 — — 4,088 Total pension fund assets $ 81,113 $ 9,108 $ 67,917 $ 4,088 December 31, 2019 Quoted Prices in Significant Significant Total Level 1 Level 2 Level 3 Cash and cash equivalents $ 332 $ 332 $ — $ — Equities: U.S. large value 2,434 2,434 — — U.S. large growth 2,059 2,059 — — International blend 4,854 — 4,854 — Emerging markets 1,603 1,603 — — Balanced 18,246 — 18,246 — Fixed income securities: Government bonds 24,917 — 24,917 — Corporate bonds 12,634 — 12,634 — Other 3,217 — 3,217 — Real Estate: U.S. property 4,070 — — 4,070 Total pension fund assets $ 74,366 $ 6,428 $ 63,868 $ 4,070 The fair value of our pension plan assets measured using significant unobservable inputs (Level 3) at December 31 are as follows: 2020 2019 Beginning balance $ 4,070 $ 10,962 Actual return on assets held at reporting date 18 430 Purchases, sales and settlements, net — (7,322) Ending balance $ 4,088 $ 4,070 The following table summarizes our expected future benefit payments of our pension and other post-retirement benefit plans: Year Ending December 31, Pension Plans 2021 $ 4,392 2022 $ 4,361 2023 $ 4,466 2024 $ 4,501 2025 $ 4,415 2025 to 2029 $ 22,290 |