SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES (Policies) | 3 Months Ended |
Mar. 31, 2014 |
SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES | ' |
Basis of Presentation | ' |
Basis of Presentation— The Company’s Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited) are prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America, which require management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities, revenues and expenses, and the disclosure of contingencies in the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements. Certain estimates and assumptions relate to the accounting for acquired goodwill and intangible assets, fair value measurements, compensation accruals, tax liabilities and the potential outcome of litigation matters. Management believes that the estimates utilized in the preparation of the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements are reasonable and prudent. Actual results could differ materially from these estimates. |
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Certain amounts in the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows have been reclassified to conform to the current year presentation. |
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These Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements are unaudited and should be read in conjunction with the audited Consolidated Financial Statements included in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2013 (the “2013 Form 10-K”). The condensed consolidated financial information as of December 31, 2013 presented in this Form 10-Q has been derived from audited Consolidated Financial Statements not included herein. |
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These unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements reflect all adjustments that are, in the opinion of management, necessary for a fair statement of the results for the interim periods presented. These adjustments are of a normal, recurring nature. Interim period operating results may not be indicative of the operating results for a full year. |
Consolidation Policies | ' |
Consolidation Policies |
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General— The Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements include the accounts of the Company, its wholly-owned subsidiaries and subsidiaries that are treated as such and other entities in which the Company has a controlling financial interest. For consolidated subsidiaries that are less than wholly-owned, equity interests that are not owned by the Company are referred to as non-controlling interests. The portion of net income attributable to non-controlling interests for such subsidiaries is presented as Net income attributable to non-controlling interests on the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations, and the portion of the stockholders’ equity of such subsidiaries is presented as Non-controlling interests in the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Financial Condition and Condensed Consolidated Statement of Changes in Stockholders’ Equity. All intercompany transactions and balances have been eliminated. |
Variable Interest Entities | ' |
Variable Interest Entities—The Company determines whether it holds any interests in entities deemed to be a variable interest entity (“VIE”). A VIE is an entity that lacks one or more of the following characteristics (i) the total equity investment at risk is sufficient to enable the entity to finance its activities independently and (ii) the equity holders have the power to direct the activities of the entity that most significantly impact its economic performance, the obligation to absorb the losses of the entity and the right to receive the residual returns of the entity. The Company has a controlling financial interest and will consolidate a VIE if it is the primary beneficiary. |
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The primary beneficiary is the party that has both (i) the power to direct the activities of the VIE that most significantly impact the economic performance of the entity and (ii) the obligation to absorb losses of the entity that could be potentially significant to the VIE or the right to receive benefits from the entity that could be potentially significant. |
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As of March 31, 2014, the company holds interests in certain VIEs. One of these VIEs is consolidated because it was determined that the Company is the primary beneficiary of this VIE because (1) the Company provided the majority of the VIE’s start-up capital and (2) the Company has consent rights regarding those activities that the Company believes would most significantly impact the economic performance of the entity. The remaining VIEs are not consolidated as it was determined that the Company is not the primary beneficiary due to the level of equity ownership and voting power. The Company reassesses its evaluation of whether an entity is a VIE when certain events occur, such as changes in economic ownership and voting power. The Company reassesses its determination of whether it is the primary beneficiary of a VIE on an ongoing basis based on current facts and circumstances. See Note 14 for disclosures on Variable Interest Entities. |
Cash and Cash Equivalents | ' |
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Cash and Cash Equivalents— Cash and cash equivalents consist of cash and highly liquid investments purchased with an original maturity of three months or less. |
Cash and Securities Segregated Under Federal and Other Regulations | ' |
Cash and Securities Segregated Under Federal and Other Regulations—The Company holds cash and securities representing funds received in connection with customer trading activities. The Company’s subsidiaries are required to satisfy regulations mandated by their primary regulators to segregate or set aside cash or equivalent securities to satisfy regulations, promulgated to protect customer assets. |
Accounts Receivable | ' |
Accounts Receivable —Accounts receivable largely represents commissions due from brokers, dealers, banks and other financial and nonfinancial institutions for the execution of securities, commodities, foreign exchange and other derivative brokerage transactions. Also, included within Accounts receivable are the billed portion of existing contracts from customers related to the licensing, support and maintenance of software, analytics and market data, as well as any unbilled but earned portion of any services provided to such customers. In estimating the allowance for doubtful accounts, management considers the length of time receivables are past due and historical experience. In addition, if the Company is aware of a client’s inability to meet its financial obligations, a specific provision for doubtful accounts is recorded in the amount of the estimated losses that will result from the inability of that client to meet its financial obligation. |
Receivables from and Payables to Brokers, Dealers and Clearing Organizations | ' |
Receivables from and Payables to Brokers, Dealers and Clearing Organizations—Receivables from and payables to brokers, dealers and clearing organizations primarily represent: (i) principal transactions for which the stated settlement dates have not yet been reached, (ii) principal transactions which have not settled as of their stated settlement dates, (iii) cash, including deposits, held at clearing organizations and exchanges in support of the Company’s clearing business and to facilitate settlement and clearance of matched principal transactions and (iv) the spread on matched principal transactions that have not yet been remitted from/to clearing organizations and exchanges. |
Property, Equipment and Leasehold Improvements | ' |
Property, Equipment and Leasehold Improvements—Property, equipment and leasehold improvements are stated at cost, less accumulated depreciation and amortization. Depreciation and amortization are calculated using the straight-line method, generally over three to seven years. Property and equipment are depreciated over their estimated useful lives. Leasehold improvements are amortized over the shorter of the remaining term of the respective lease to which they relate or the remaining useful life of the leasehold improvement. Internal and external costs incurred in developing or obtaining computer software for internal use are capitalized in accordance with Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”) 350 Intangibles—Goodwill and Other (“ASC 350”), and are amortized on a straight-line basis over the estimated useful life of the software, generally three years. General and administrative costs related to developing or obtaining such software are expensed as incurred. |
Goodwill and Intangible Assets | ' |
Goodwill and Intangible Assets—Goodwill represents the excess of the purchase price allocation over the fair value of tangible and identifiable intangible net assets acquired. The goodwill associated with each business combination is allocated to the related reporting units, which are determined based on how the Company’s businesses are managed and how they are reviewed by the Company’s chief operating decision maker. Other intangible assets are recorded at their fair value upon completion of a business combination or certain other transactions. Substantially all of the firm’s identifiable intangible assets are considered to have definite lives and are amortized on a straight-line basis over their estimated useful lives. |
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In accordance with ASC 350, goodwill is not amortized, but instead is periodically tested for impairment. The Company reviews goodwill for impairment on an annual basis as of November 1 of each fiscal year or whenever an event occurs or circumstances change that could reduce the fair value of a reporting unit below its carrying amount. See Note 4 for further information. |
Prepaid Bonuses and Forgivable Employee Loans | ' |
Prepaid Bonuses and Forgivable Employee Loans—Prepaid bonuses and forgivable loans to employees are stated at historical value net of amortization when the agreement between the Company and the employee provides for the return of proportionate amounts of the bonus or loan outstanding if employment is terminated in certain circumstances prior to the end of the term of the agreement. Amortization is calculated using the straight-line method over the term of the contract, which is generally two to four years, and is recorded in Compensation and employee benefits. The Company generally expects to recover the unamortized portion of prepaid bonuses and forgivable loans when employees voluntarily terminate their employment or if their employment is terminated for cause prior to the end of the term of the agreement. The prepaid bonuses and forgivable loans are included in Other assets in the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Financial Condition. At March 31, 2014 and December 31, 2013, the Company had prepaid bonuses of $22,699 and $23,499, respectively. At March 31, 2014 and December 31, 2013, the Company had forgivable employee loans and advances to employees of $22,448 and $24,109, respectively. Amortization of prepaid bonuses and forgivable employee loans for the three months ended March 31, 2014 and 2013 was $6,720 and $6,348, respectively and is included within Compensation and employee benefits. |
Investments | ' |
Investments—When the Company does not have a controlling financial interest in an entity but can exert significant influence over the entity’s operating and financial policies, the investment is accounted for under the equity method of accounting in accordance with ASC 323-10, Investments—Equity Method and Joint Ventures (“ASC 323-10”). Significant influence generally exists when the Company owns 20% to 50% of the entity’s common stock or in-substance common stock. The Company initially records the investment at cost and adjusts the carrying amount each period to recognize its share of the earnings and losses of the investee based on the percentage of ownership. At March 31, 2014 and December 31, 2013, the Company had equity method investments with a carrying value of $31,358 and $36,976, respectively, included within Other assets. The Company also provides clearing and other administrative services to certain of these equity method investees. |
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Investments for which the Company does not have the ability to exert significant influence over operating and financial policies are generally accounted for using the cost method of accounting in accordance with ASC 325-10, Investments—Other (“ASC 325-10”). At March 31, 2014 and December 31, 2013, the Company had cost method investments of $4,614 and $5,087, respectively, included within Other assets. The fair value of the Company’s cost method investments are not estimated if there are no identified events or changes in circumstances that may have a significant adverse effect on the fair value. The Company monitors its equity and cost method investments for indicators of impairment each reporting period. |
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The Company accounts for its marketable equity securities and its debt securities in accordance with ASC 320-10, Investments—Debt and Equity Securities (“ASC 323-10”). Investments that are owned by the Company’s broker-dealer subsidiaries are recorded at fair value with realized and unrealized gains and losses reported in net income. Investments designated as available-for-sale that are owned by the Company’s non broker-dealer subsidiaries are recorded at fair value with unrealized gains or losses reported as a separate component of other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax. The fair value of the Company’s available-for-sale securities was $0 and $5,465 as of March 31, 2014 and December 31, 2013, respectively, and is included within Other assets. |
Fair Value of Financial Instruments | ' |
Fair Value of Financial Instruments—In accordance with ASC 820-10, Fair Value Measurements and Disclosures (“ASC 820-10”), the Company estimates fair values of financial instruments using relevant market information and other assumptions. Fair value estimates involve uncertainties and matters of significant judgment in interpreting market data and, accordingly, changes in assumptions or in market conditions could adversely affect the estimates. The Company also discloses the fair value of its financial instruments in accordance with the fair value hierarchy as set forth by ASC 820-10. See Note 12 for further information. |
Derivative Financial Instruments | ' |
Derivative Financial Instruments—The Company enters into derivative transactions for a variety of reasons, including managing its exposure to risk arising from changes in foreign currency, facilitating customer trading activities and, in certain instances, to engage in principal trading for the Company’s own account. Derivative assets and liabilities are carried on the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Financial Condition at fair value, with changes in the fair value recognized in the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations. Contracts entered into to manage risk arising from changes in foreign currency are recognized in Other income and contracts entered into to facilitate customer transactions and principal trading are recognized in Principal transactions. Derivatives are reported on a net-by-counterparty basis when management believes that a legal and enforceable right of offset exists under these agreements. See Note 13 for further information. |
Payables to Clearing Services Customers | ' |
Payables to Clearing Services Customers—Payables to clearing services customers include amounts due on cash and margin transactions, including futures contracts transacted on behalf of customers. |
Revenue Recognition | ' |
Revenue Recognition |
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Brokerage Transactions—The Company provides brokerage services to its clients in the form of either agency or principal transactions. In agency transactions, the Company charges commissions for executing transactions between buyers and sellers. Agency commission revenues and related expenses are recognized on a trade date basis. These revenues are presented in “Agency Commissions”. Principal transactions revenue is primarily derived from matched principal and principal trading transactions. Principal transactions revenues and related expenses are recognized on a trade date basis. The Company earns revenue from principal transactions on the spread between the buy and sell price of the security that is brokered. In matched principal transactions, the Company simultaneously agrees to buy instruments from one customer and sell them to another customer. These revenues are presented in “Principal Transactions”. In the normal course of its matched principal and principal trading businesses, the Company may hold security positions overnight. These positions are marked to market on a daily basis. |
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Clearing Services Revenues—The Company charges fees to customers for clearing services provided for cash and derivative transactions. Clearing services revenues are recorded on a trade date basis as customer transactions occur and are presented net of any customer negotiated rebates. |
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Software, Analytics and Market Data Revenue Recognition— Software revenue consists primarily of fees charged for Trayport electronic trading software, which are typically billed on a subscription basis and are recognized ratably over the term of the subscription period, which ranges from one to five years. Analytics revenue consists primarily of software license fees for Fenics pricing tools which are typically billed on a subscription basis, and is recognized ratably over the term of the subscription period, which is generally three years. Market data revenue primarily consists of subscription fees and fees from customized one-time sales. Market data subscription fees are recognized on a straight-line basis over the term of the subscription period, which ranges from one to two years. Market data revenue from customized one-time sales is recognized upon delivery of the data. The Company markets its software, analytics and market data products through its direct sales force and, in some cases, indirectly through resellers. In general, the Company’s license agreements for such products do not provide for a right of return. |
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Other Income, net—Included within Other income, net on the Company’s Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations are revaluations of foreign currency derivative contracts, realized and unrealized transaction gains and losses on certain foreign currency denominated items, and gains and losses on certain investments, and interest income earned on short-term investments. |
Compensation and Employee Benefits | ' |
Compensation and Employee Benefits—The Company’s compensation and employee benefits have both a fixed and variable component. Base salaries and benefit costs are primarily fixed for all employees while bonuses constitute the variable portion of compensation and employee benefits. The Company may pay certain performance bonuses in restricted stock units (“RSUs”). The Company also may grant sign-on and retention bonuses for certain newly-hired or existing employees who agree to long-term employment agreements. |
Share-Based Compensation | ' |
Share-Based Compensation—The Company’s share-based compensation consists of RSUs. The Company accounts for share-based compensation in accordance with ASC 718 Compensation— Stock Compensation (“ASC 718”). This accounting guidance requires measurement of compensation expense for equity-based awards at fair value and recognition of compensation expense over the service period, net of estimated forfeitures. In all periods presented, the only share-based compensation expense recognized by the Company has been RSUs. The Company determines the fair value of RSUs based on the number of units granted and the grant date fair value of the Company’s common stock, measured as of the closing price on the date of grant. See Note 9 for further information. |
Income Taxes | ' |
Income Taxes— In accordance with ASC 740, Income Taxes (“ASC 740”), the Company provides for income taxes using the asset and liability method under which deferred income taxes are recognized for the estimated future tax effects attributable to temporary differences and carryforwards that result from events that have been recognized either in the financial statements or the income tax returns, but not both. The measurement of current and deferred income tax assets and liabilities is based on provisions of enacted tax laws. Valuation allowances are recognized if, based on the weight of available evidence, it is more likely than not that some portion of the deferred tax assets will not be realized. Management applies the more likely than not criteria prior to recognizing a financial statement benefit for a tax position taken (or expected to be taken) in a tax return. The Company recognizes interest and/or penalties related to income tax matters in interest expense and other expense, respectively. |
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For the three months ended March 31, 2014 the Company recorded income tax expense of $1.1 million. The expense yields an effective rate lower than the federal statutory rate of 35% due to the geographical mix of pre-tax income. |
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For the three months ended March 31, 2013 the Company recorded a benefit from income taxes of $4.9 million. The benefit was primarily due to: (i) a tax benefit under the American Taxpayer Relief Act of 2012 related to taxes previously provided for, (ii) a tax benefit arising from a change in our view about the deductibility of a reserve previously deemed nondeductible, as a result of new information received in the first quarter of 2013 and (iii) the release of a tax liability in a foreign subsidiary where the statute of limitations has now expired. |
Treasury Stock | ' |
Treasury Stock—The Company accounts for Treasury stock using the cost method. Treasury stock held by the Company may be reissued with respect to vested RSUs in qualified jurisdictions. The Company’s policy is to account for these shares as a reduction of Treasury stock on a first-in, first-out basis. |
Foreign Currency Translation Adjustments and Transactions | ' |
Foreign Currency Translation Adjustments and Transactions— Assets and liabilities of foreign subsidiaries having non-U.S. dollar functional currencies are translated at the period end rates of exchange, and revenue and expenses are translated at the average rates of exchange for the period. Gains or losses resulting from translating foreign currency financial statements are reflected in foreign currency translation adjustments and are reported as a separate component of comprehensive income (loss) and included in accumulated other comprehensive income in the Condensed Consolidated Statement of Changes in Stockholders’ Equity. Net losses resulting from remeasurement of foreign currency transactions and balances were $92 and $273 for the three months ended March 31, 2014 and 2013, respectively, and are included in Other income, net in the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations. |
Recent Accounting Pronouncements | ' |
Recent Accounting Pronouncements—In March 2013, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) issued Accounting Standards Update (“ASU”) No. 2013-05, “Foreign Currency Matters” (“ASU 2013-05”), which clarifies the accounting for the cumulative translation adjustment when a parent either sells or transfers a part or all of its investment in a foreign entity or no longer holds a controlling financial interest in a foreign subsidiary or group of assets. ASU 2013-05 provides that the parent should release cumulative translation adjustment into net income only if the sale or transfer results in the complete or substantially complete liquidation of the foreign entity in which the subsidiary or group of assets had resided. This guidance was effective for the Company’s fiscal year beginning January 1, 2014, and is being applied prospectively. The adoption of ASU 2013-05 does not have a material impact on the Company’s condensed consolidated financial statements. |
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In July 2013, the FASB issued ASU No. 2013-11, Presentation of an Unrecognized Tax Benefit When a Net Operating Loss Carryforward, a Similar Tax Loss, or a Tax Credit Carryforward Exists (“ASU 2013-11”). ASU 2013-11 requires an entity to present an unrecognized tax benefit, or a portion of an unrecognized tax benefit, in the financial statements as a reduction to a deferred tax asset for a net operating loss carryforward, a similar tax loss or tax credit carryforward, unless such tax loss or credit carryforward is not available at the reporting date under the tax law of the applicable jurisdiction to settle any additional income taxes resulting from the disallowance of a tax position. In the event that the tax position is disallowed or the tax law of the applicable jurisdiction does not require the entity to use, and the entity does not intend to use, the deferred tax asset for such purpose, the unrecognized tax benefit shall be presented in the financial statements as a liability and shall not be combined with deferred tax assets. The guidance was effective for the Company’s fiscal year beginning January 1, 2014, and is being applied prospectively. The adoption of ASU 2013-11 does not have a material impact on the Company’s condensed consolidated financial statements. |