SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES | 2. SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES Principles of Consolidation — The condensed consolidated financial statements include the accounts of the Company and its wholly owned subsidiaries. All intercompany balances and transactions have been eliminated in consolidation. Interim Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements — The accompanying condensed consolidated balance sheets as of September 30, 2015 and December 31, 2014, the condensed consolidated statements of income for the three months and nine months ended September 30, 2015 and 2014, and the condensed consolidated statements of cash flows for the nine months ended September 30, 2015 and 2014 are unaudited. The condensed consolidated balance sheet data as of December 31, 2014 was derived from the audited consolidated financial statements which are included in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2014. The accompanying condensed consolidated financial statements should be read in conjunction with the audited consolidated financial statements and related notes contained in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2014. The accompanying unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements have been prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States (“GAAP”) pursuant to the rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission applicable to interim periods. Certain information and footnote disclosures normally included in financial statements prepared in accordance with GAAP have been condensed or omitted pursuant to such rules and regulations. In the opinion of management, the unaudited interim condensed consolidated financial statements as of September 30, 2015 and for the three months and nine months ended September 30, 2015 and 2014 have been prepared on the same basis as the audited consolidated statements and reflect all adjustments, which are normal recurring adjustments, necessary for the fair presentation of its statement of financial position, results of operations and cash flows. The results of operations for the three months and nine months ended September 30, 2015 are not necessarily indicative of the operating results for any subsequent quarter, for the full fiscal year or any future periods. Cash and Cash Equivalents — The Company considers all highly liquid investments with an original maturity of 90 days or less to be cash and cash equivalents. The carrying values of the Company’s cash and cash equivalents approximate fair value. At September 30, 2015, the Company had $15.2 million of cash in banks and $96.9 million in four money market mutual funds. At December 31, 2014, the Company had $32.9 million of cash in banks and $71.8 million in three money market mutual funds. Fair Value Measurements — Certain assets and liabilities are required to be recorded at fair value on a recurring basis. Fair value is determined based on the exchange price that would be received for an asset or paid to transfer a liability (an exit price) in the principal or most advantageous market for the asset or liability in an orderly transaction between market participants. Assets measured at fair value on a nonrecurring basis include long-lived assets held and used. The fair value of cash and cash equivalents, accounts receivable and accounts payable approximate their carrying values. The three-tier fair value hierarchy, which prioritizes valuation methodologies based on the reliability of the inputs, is: Level 1— Valuations based on quoted prices for identical assets and liabilities in active markets. Level 2— Valuations based on observable inputs other than quoted prices included in Level 1, such as quoted prices for similar assets and liabilities in active markets, quoted prices for identical or similar assets and liabilities in markets that are not active, or other inputs that are observable or can be corroborated by observable market data. Level 3— Valuations based on unobservable inputs reflecting the Company’s own assumptions, consistent with reasonably available assumptions made by other market participants. Accounts Receivable and Allowance for Doubtful Accounts — Accounts receivable consist of trade receivables recorded upon recognition of revenue from sales of voice services, reduced by reserves for estimated bad debts. Trade accounts receivable are recorded at the invoiced amount and do not bear interest. Credit is extended based on evaluation of the customer’s financial condition. We make judgments as to our ability to collect outstanding receivables and provide allowances for a portion of receivables when collection becomes doubtful. The specific identification method is applied to all significant outstanding invoices to determine this provision. Our allowance for doubtful accounts was $2.5 million and $2.3 million at September 30, 2015 and December 31, 2014, respectively. Property and Equipment — Property and equipment is recorded at cost. These values are depreciated over the estimated useful lives of the individual assets using the straight-line method. Any gains and losses from the disposition of property and equipment are included in operations as incurred. The estimated useful life for network equipment and tools and test equipment is five years. The estimated useful life for computer equipment, computer software and furniture and fixtures is three years. Leasehold improvements are amortized on a straight-line basis over an estimated useful life of five years or the life of the lease, whichever is less. As discussed below, the impairment of long-lived assets is periodically evaluated when events or changes in circumstances indicate that a potential impairment has occurred. Long-lived Assets — The carrying value of long-lived assets, including property and equipment, are reviewed whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the related carrying amounts may not be recoverable. Impairment of assets with definite lives is generally determined by comparing projected undiscounted cash flows to be generated by the asset, or appropriate grouping of assets, to its carrying value. If an impairment is identified, a loss is recorded equal to the excess of the asset’s net book value over its fair value. The fair value becomes the new cost basis of the asset. Determining the extent of an impairment, if any, typically requires various estimates and assumptions including using management’s judgment, cash flows directly attributable to the asset, the useful life of the asset and residual value, if any. In addition, the remaining useful life of the impaired asset is revised, if necessary. There were no property and equipment or intangible asset impairment charges in 2014 or during the three months and nine months ended September 30, 2015. Revenue Recognition — The Company generates revenue from sales of its voice services. The Company maintains tariffs and executed service agreements with each of its customers in which specific fees and rates are determined. One customer agreement contains multiple voice service elements and is accounted for as a multiple-element arrangement under Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”) topic 605-25 Revenue Recognition- Multiple Element Arrangements. Following the requirements of ASC 605-25, the Company evaluated the multiple-element arrangement to determine which deliverables represented separate units of accounting and then allocated consideration to each unit of accounting based on their selling prices using relative fair values. Some of these deliverables are treated as non-monetary transactions which are also recorded at fair value. Voice revenue is recorded each month on an accrual basis, when collection is probable, based upon minutes of traffic switched by the Company’s network by each customer, which is referred to as minutes of use. Certain customer agreements contain multiple elements that are treated as non-monetary transactions which the Company records at fair value. Earnings per Share — Basic earnings per share is computed based on the weighted average number of common shares and participating securities outstanding. Diluted earnings per share is computed based on the weighted average number of common shares and participating securities outstanding adjusted by the number of additional shares that would have been outstanding during the period had the potentially dilutive securities been issued. The following table presents a reconciliation of the numerators and denominators of basic and diluted earnings per share of common stock based upon the two-class method: Three Months Ended Nine Months Ended September 30, September 30, (In thousands, except per share amounts) 2015 2014 2015 2014 Numerator: Net income $ 8,267 $ 9,776 $ 29,449 $ 28,417 Denominator: Weighted average common shares outstanding 33,620 33,115 33,562 32,743 Effect of dilutive securities: Stock options and performance stock units 518 228 495 290 Denominator for diluted earnings per share 34,138 33,343 34,057 33,033 Earnings per share - net income Basic - as reported $ 0.25 $ 0.30 $ 0.88 $ 0.87 Diluted - as reported $ 0.24 $ 0.29 $ 0.86 $ 0.86 Certain awards were not included in the computation of diluted earnings per share because the effect would have been antidilutive. Outstanding share-based awards of 0.7 million for both the three and nine months ended September 30, 2015 were considered antidilutive. Outstanding share-based awards of 1.5 million for both the three and nine months ended September 30, 2014 were considered antidilutive. The undistributed earnings allocable to participating securities were less than $0.1 million and $0.2 million for both the three months and nine months ended September 30, 2015, respectively. Accounting for Stock-Based Compensation — The Company records stock-based compensation expense related to stock options, non-vested shares and performance stock units based on fair value. The amount of non-cash share-based expense recorded in the three months ended September 30, 2015 and 2014 was $1.3 million and $1.2 million, respectively. The amount of non-cash share-based expense recorded in the nine months ended September 30, 2015 and 2014 was $4.0 million and $3.3 million, respectively. Refer to Note 5, “Stock Options, Non-Vested Shares and Performance Stock Units.” The fair value of stock options is determined using the Black-Scholes valuation model. This model takes into account the exercise price of the stock option, the fair value of the common stock underlying the stock option as measured on the date of grant and an estimation of the volatility of the common stock underlying the stock option. Such value is recognized as expense over the service period, net of estimated forfeitures, using the straight line method. The fair value of non-vested shares is measured based upon the quoted closing market price for the stock on the date of grant. The compensation cost is recognized on a straight-line basis over the vesting period. The fair value of each performance stock unit granted is estimated using a Monte Carlo pricing model. The Monte Carlo simulation model is based on a discounted cash flow approach, with the simulation of a large number of possible stock price outcomes for the Company’s stock and the applicable index. termination of an individual’s service prior to fulfilling the requisite service period will result in forfeiture of units and compensation cost will be reversed. The estimation of stock awards that will ultimately vest requires judgment, and to the extent actual results or updated estimates differ from the Company’s current estimates, such amounts will be recorded as a cumulative adjustment in the period estimates are revised. The Company considers many factors when estimating expected forfeitures, including types of awards, employee class and historical experience. Actual results, and future changes in estimates, may differ from the Company’s current estimates. Recent Accounting Pronouncements — In May 2014, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) issued Accounting Standards Update (“ASU”) No. 2014-09, Revenue from Contracts with Customers , which outlines a single comprehensive model for entities to use in accounting for revenue arising from contracts with customers and supersedes most current revenue recognition guidance, including industry-specific guidance. The ASU is based on the principle that an entity should recognize revenue to depict the transfer of goods or services to customers in an amount that reflects the consideration to which the entity expects to be entitled in exchange for those goods or services. The ASU also requires additional disclosure about the nature, amount, timing and uncertainty of revenue and cash flows arising from customer contracts, including significant judgments and changes in judgments and assets recognized from costs incurred to fulfill a contract. Entities have the option of using either a full retrospective or a modified retrospective approach for the adoption of the new standard. The ASU is effective for annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2017 and early adoption as of December 15, 2016 is permitted. The Company is currently assessing the impact of this standard on the Company’s condensed consolidated financial statements or disclosures . In April 2015, the FASB issued ASU No. 2015-03, Interest - Imputation of Interest (Subtopic 835-30): Simplifying the Presentation of Debt Issuance Cost, which debt issuance costs related to a recognized debt liability, be presented in the balance sheet as a direct deduction from the carrying amount of the related debt liability instead of being presented as an asset. Debt disclosures will include the face amount of the debt liability and the effective interest rate. This ASU requires retrospective application and represents a change in accounting principle. This ASU is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2015, and early adoption is permitted for financial statements that have not been previously issued. The Company has assessed the impact of this standard and does not believe that it will have a material impact on the Company’s condensed consolidated financial statements or disclosures. In June 2015, the FASB issued ASU No. 2015-10, Technical Corrections and Improvements, and interim periods within those fiscal years, early adoption is permitted. condensed consolidated financial statements or disclosures |