SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES | 2. SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES Principles of Consolidation —The consolidated financial statements include the accounts of the Company and its wholly owned subsidiaries. All intercompany balances and transactions have been eliminated in consolidation. Changes in Presentation —On April 30, 2013, the Company sold its global data business to GTT for $54.5 million, subject to certain adjustments. The Company determined that the appropriate level in which to assess discontinued operations was at its reporting unit level. As such, the Company’s Europe, Middle East and Africa (EMEA) and Asia Pacific (APAC) reporting units of the global data business consist of results of operations and cash flows that can be clearly distinguished from the rest of the entity and are therefore reflected in the consolidated statements of operations and in the consolidated balance sheets as discontinued operations. Historical information related to these reporting units have been reclassified accordingly. The Americas reporting unit of the global data business does not consist of results of operations and cash flows that can be clearly distinguished, operationally and for financial reporting purposes, from the rest of the entity. This reporting unit does not qualify for discontinued operations accounting treatment. Therefore, the Americas reporting unit of the global data business is reported in continuing operations in the consolidated statements of operations and in the consolidated balance sheets. Refer to Note 3 “Business Disposition” in the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements of this Annual Report on Form 10-K for more information regarding the sale of the global data business. Use of Estimates —The Company’s consolidated financial statements are prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America. These accounting principles require management to make certain estimates and assumptions that can affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent liabilities at the date of the consolidated financial statements, as well as the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the periods presented. The Company believes that the estimates and assumptions upon which it relies are reasonable based upon information available to it at the time that these estimates and assumptions are made. To the extent there are material differences between these estimates and actual results, the Company’s consolidated financial statements will be affected. Cash and Cash Equivalents —The Company considers all highly liquid investments with an original maturity of 90 days or less to be cash equivalents. The carrying values of our cash and cash equivalents approximate fair value. At December 31, 2015, the Company had $22.2 million of cash in banks and $86.9 million in three money market funds. At December 31, 2014, the Company had $32.9 million of cash in banks and $71.8 million in three money market funds. Fair Value Measurements —Certain assets and liabilities are required to be recorded at fair value on a recurring basis. Fair value is determined based on the exchange price that would be received for an asset or paid to transfer a liability (an exit price) in the principal or most advantageous market for the asset or liability in an orderly transaction between market participants. Assets measured at fair value on a nonrecurring basis include long-lived assets held and used. The fair value of cash and cash equivalents, accounts receivable, accounts payable and accrued liabilities approximate their carrying values. The three-tier value hierarchy, which prioritizes valuation methodologies based on the reliability of the inputs, is: Level 1—Valuations based on quoted prices for identical assets and liabilities in active markets. Level 2—Valuations based on observable inputs other than quoted prices included in Level 1, such as quoted prices for similar assets and liabilities in active markets, quoted prices for identical or similar assets and liabilities in markets that are not active, or other inputs that are observable or can be corroborated by observable market data. Level 3—Valuations based on unobservable inputs reflecting the Company’s own assumptions, consistent with reasonably available assumptions made by other market participants. Accounts Receivable and Allowance for Doubtful Accounts —Accounts receivable consist of trade receivables recorded upon recognition of revenue from sales of voice services, reduced by reserves for estimated bad debts. Trade accounts receivable are generally recorded at the invoiced amount and do not bear interest. Credit is extended based on evaluation of the customer’s financial condition. We make judgments as to our ability to collect outstanding receivables and provide allowances for a portion of receivables when collection becomes doubtful. The specific identification method is applied to all significant outstanding invoices to determine this provision. At December 31, 2015 and December 31, 2014, our allowance for doubtful accounts was $2.4 million and $2.3 million, respectively. Property and Equipment — Property and equipment is recorded at cost. These values are depreciated over the estimated useful lives of the individual assets using the straight-line method. Any gains and losses from the disposition of property and equipment are included in operations as incurred. The estimated useful life for network equipment, wireless equipment and tools and test equipment is five years. The estimated useful life for computer equipment, computer software and furniture and fixtures is three years. Leasehold improvements are amortized on a straight-line basis over an estimated useful life of five years or the life of the lease, whichever is less. As discussed in further detail below, the impairment of long-lived assets is evaluated when events or changes in circumstances indicate that a potential impairment has occurred. Long-lived Assets —The carrying value of long-lived assets, including property and equipment, are reviewed whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the related carrying amounts may not be recoverable. Impairment of assets with definite lives is generally determined by comparing projected undiscounted cash flows to be generated by the asset, or appropriate grouping of assets, to its carrying value. If an impairment is identified, a loss is recorded equal to the excess of the asset’s net book value over its fair value. The fair value becomes the new cost basis of the asset. Determining the extent of an impairment, if any, typically requires various estimates and assumptions including using management’s judgment, cash flows directly attributable to the asset, the useful life of the asset and residual value, if any. In addition, the remaining useful life of the impaired asset is revised, if necessary. There were no property and equipment impairment charges in 2015, 2014 or 2013. Revenue Recognition — The Company generates revenue from sales of its voice services. The Company maintains tariffs and executed service agreements with each of its customers in which specific fees and rates are determined. One customer agreement contains multiple voice service elements and is accounted for as a multiple-element arrangement under ASC topic 605-25, Revenue Recognition-Multiple Element Arrangements. Following the requirements of ASC 605-25, the Company evaluated the multiple-element arrangement to determine which deliverables represented separate units of accounting and then allocated consideration to each unit of accounting based on their selling prices using relative fair values. Some of these deliverables are treated as non-monetary transactions which are also recorded at fair value. Voice revenue is recorded each month on an accrual basis, when collection is probable, based upon minutes of traffic switched by the Company’s network by each customer, which is referred to as minutes of use. Prior to the sale of the Company’s global data business in April 2013, IP Transit and Ethernet services revenues that related to the Company’s Americas reporting were recorded each month on an accrual basis based upon bandwidth used by each customer. The rates charged were the total of a monthly fee for bandwidth (the Committed Traffic Rate) plus additional charges for the sustained peak bandwidth used monthly in excess of the Committed Traffic Rate. Earnings (Loss) Per Share —Basic earnings (loss) per share is computed based on the weighted average number of common shares and participating securities outstanding. Diluted earnings (loss) per share is computed based on the weighted average number of common shares and participating securities outstanding adjusted by the number of additional shares that would have been outstanding during the period had the potentially dilutive securities been issued. The following table presents a reconciliation of the numerators and denominators of basic and diluted earnings (loss) per share of common stock: Years Ended December 31, (In thousands, except per share amounts) 2015 2014 2013 Numerator: Income from continuing operations $ 38,129 $ 38,523 $ 64,298 Loss from discontinued operations, net of provision for income taxes — — (3,808 ) Loss on sale of discontinued operations, net of provision for income taxes — — (4,837 ) Net income $ 38,129 $ 38,523 $ 55,653 Denominator: Weighted average common shares outstanding 33,633 32,887 32,306 Effect of dilutive securities: Stock options and performance stock units 437 497 251 Denominator for diluted earnings per share 34,070 33,384 32,557 Earnings per share - continuing operations: Basic $ 1.13 $ 1.17 $ 1.99 Diluted $ 1.12 $ 1.15 $ 1.97 Loss per share - discontinued operations: Basic $ — $ — $ (0.27 ) Diluted $ — $ — $ (0.27 ) Earnings per share - net income: Basic $ 1.13 $ 1.17 $ 1.72 Diluted $ 1.12 $ 1.15 $ 1.71 Share-based awards of 0.7 million, 0.6 million, and 2.4 million were outstanding during the years ended December 31, 2015, 2014 and 2013, respectively, but were not included in the computation of diluted earnings per share because the effect would have been anti-dilutive. For the years ended December 31, 2015, 2014 and 2013, the undistributed earnings allocable to participating securities were $0.2 million, $0.3 million, and $0.2 million, respectively. Accounting for Share-Based Payments —The Company records stock-based compensation expense related to stock options, non-vested shares and performance stock units based on fair value. The amount of non-cash share-based expense recorded in the years ended December 31, 2015, 2014 and 2013 was $5.2 million, $4.3 million, and $6.2 million, respectively. Refer to Note 12, “Stock Options, Non-Vested Shares and Performance Stock Units” in the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements of this Annual Report on Form 10-K for further details regarding the Company’s non-cash share-based compensation. The fair value of stock options is determined using the Black-Scholes valuation model. This model takes into account the exercise price of the stock option, the fair value of the common stock underlying the stock option as measured on the date of grant and an estimation of the volatility of the common stock underlying the stock option. Such value is recognized as expense over the service period, net of estimated forfeitures, using the straight-line method. The fair value of non-vested shares is measured based upon the quoted closing market price for the stock on the date of grant. The compensation cost is recognized on a straight-line basis over the vesting period. The fair value of each performance stock unit granted is estimated using a Monte Carlo pricing model. The Monte Carlo simulation model is based on a discounted cash flow approach, with the simulation of a large number of possible stock price outcomes for the Company’s stock and the applicable index. termination of an individual’s service prior to fulfilling the requisite service period will result in forfeiture of units and compensation cost will be reversed. The estimation of stock awards that will ultimately vest requires judgment, and to the extent actual results or updated estimates differ from the Company’s current estimates, such amounts will be recorded as a cumulative adjustment in the period estimates are revised. The Company considers many factors when estimating expected forfeitures, including types of awards, employee class and historical experience. Actual results, and future changes in estimates, may differ from the Company’s current estimates. Income Taxes —Deferred income tax assets and liabilities are recognized for future income tax consequences attributable to temporary differences between the financial statement carrying amounts of existing assets and liabilities and their respective income tax bases and for net operating loss and tax credit carryforwards. Deferred income tax assets and liabilities are measured using enacted tax rates expected to apply to taxable income in the years in which those temporary differences are expected to be recovered or settled. The effect on deferred income tax assets and liabilities of a change in income tax rates is recorded in earnings in the period of enactment. A valuation allowance is provided for deferred income tax assets when it is more likely than not that future tax benefits will not be realized. Deferred income tax assets are reviewed on a quarterly basis to determine if a valuation allowance is necessary based on current and historical performance, along with other relevant factors. The income tax provision includes United States federal, state and local income taxes and is based on pre-tax income or loss. In determining the estimated annual effective income tax rate, we analyze various factors, including projections of our annual earnings and taxing jurisdictions in which earnings will be generated, the impact of state and local income taxes and our ability to use tax credits and net operating loss carryforwards. The Company recognizes the benefits of uncertain tax positions taken or expected to be taken in tax returns in the provision for income taxes only for those positions that are more likely than not to be realized. The Company follows a two-step approach to recognizing and measuring uncertain tax positions. The first step is to evaluate the tax position for recognition by determining if the weight of available evidence indicates it is more likely than not that the position will be sustained on audit, including resolution of related appeals or litigation processes, if any. The second step is to measure the tax benefit as the largest amount that is more than 50% likely of being realized upon ultimate settlement. The Company considers many factors when evaluating and estimating our tax positions and tax benefits, which may require periodic adjustments and which may not accurately forecast actual outcomes. The Company’s policy is to include interest and penalties associated with income tax obligations in income tax expense. Foreign Currency Translation —As a result of the sale of global data business in April 2013, the Company is paid and makes payments in U.S. Dollars and is no longer exposed to any significant foreign currency risk. Concentrations —For the years ended 2015, 2014 and 2013, the aggregate revenue of four customers accounted for 77%, 73% and 65% of total revenue from continuing operations, respectively. At December 31, 2015 and 2014, the aggregate accounts receivable of four customers accounted for 79% and 77% of the Company’s total trade accounts receivable balance, respectively. In 2015, the Company had three customers in excess of ten percent of revenue, which were 31% , 26% and 14% of the Company’s total revenue from continuing operations. At December 31, 2015, the Company had two customers that in aggregate accounted for 69% of the Company’s accounts receivable balance. In 2014, the Company had two customers in excess of ten percent of revenue, which were 35% and 25% of the Company’s total revenue from continuing operations. At December 31, 2014, the Company had two customers that in aggregate accounted for 62% of the Company’s accounts receivable balance. In 2013, the Company had two customers in excess of ten percent of revenue, which were 34% and 20% of the Company’s total revenue from continuing operations. At December 31, 2013, the Company had two customers that in aggregate accounted for 61% of the Company’s accounts receivable balance. Recent Accounting Pronouncements — In May 2014, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) issued Accounting Standards Update (“ASU”) No. 2014-09, Revenue from Contracts with Customers , which outlines a single comprehensive model for entities to use in accounting for revenue arising from contracts with customers and supersedes most current revenue recognition guidance, including industry-specific guidance. The ASU is based on the principle that an entity should recognize revenue to depict the transfer of goods or services to customers in an amount that reflects the consideration to which the entity expects to be entitled in exchange for those goods or services. The ASU also requires additional disclosure about the nature, amount, timing and uncertainty of revenue and cash flows arising from customer contracts, including significant judgments and changes in judgments and assets recognized from costs incurred to fulfill a contract. Entities have the option of using either a full retrospective or a modified retrospective approach for the adoption of the new standard. The ASU is effective for annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2017 and early adoption as of December 15, 2016 is permitted. The Company is currently assessing the impact of this standard on the Company’s financial position, results of operations and cash flows. In June 2015, the FASB issued ASU No. 2015-10, Technical Corrections and Improvements, and interim periods within those fiscal years, early adoption is permitted. In November 2015, the FASB issued ASU No. 2015-17, Balance Sheet Classification of Deferred Taxes No other new accounting pronouncement issued or effective during the fiscal year had or is expected to have a material impact on the consolidated financial statements. |