Item 5. Market for Registrant's Common Equity, Related Stockholder Matters and Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities
Our common stock is listed on the Nasdaq Global Market under the trading symbol “TTGT”. The following table sets forth the high and low sales prices of our common stock, as reported by the Nasdaq Global Market, for each quarterly period within our most recent fiscal year since our initial public offering:
| | High | | | Low | |
Fiscal 2007 | | | | | | |
Quarter ended June 30, 2007 (since May 16, 2007) | | | | | | | | |
Quarter ended September 30, 2007 | | | | | | | | |
Quarter ended December 31, 2007 | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | |
The closing sale price of our common stock, as reported by the Nasdaq Global Market, was $11.62 on February 29, 2008.
Holders
As of February 29, 2008 there were approximately 313 stockholders of record of our common stock based on the records of our transfer agent.
Dividends
We did not declare or pay any cash dividends on our common stock during the two most recent fiscal years. We currently intend to retain earnings, if any, to fund the development and growth of our business and do not anticipate paying other cash dividends on our common stock in the foreseeable future. Our payment of any future dividends will be at the discretion of our board of directors after taking into account various factors, including our financial condition, operating results, cash needs and growth plans.
Recent Sales of Unregistered Securities
Since January 1, 2005, we have issued the following securities that were not registered under the Securities Act:
(a) Issuances of Capital Stock
As of November 2006, there were outstanding options to purchase 17,456 shares of our common stock at an exercise price of $2.36 per share, the issuance of which may not have been exempt from registration or certain qualification requirements under federal or state securities laws. To address this issue, we made a rescission offer that was completed in December 2006 to all holders of these options pursuant to which we offered to repurchase these options for cash or shares of our common stock. In connection with the completion of the rescission offer, we issued 10,726 shares and paid out $6,561 in cash, which included statutory interest. The sales of securities pursuant to the rescission offer were made in reliance upon the exemption from registration provided by Section 3(b) of the Securities Act of 1933 for transactions by an issuer not involving a public offering. All of the foregoing securities are deemed restricted securities for purposes of the Securities Act.
(b) Grants and Exercises of Stock Options.
During 2007, prior to our initial public offering, we granted stock options to purchase 75,000 shares of our common stock with an exercise price of $13.00 per share to a director. During 2007, prior to our initial public offering, pursuant to our 1999 Stock Option Plan, we issued and sold 333,636 shares of our common stock upon the exercise of stock options for aggregate consideration of $211,938.
During 2006, pursuant to our 1999 Stock Option Plan, we granted stock options to purchase 4,243,500 shares of common stock with a weighted average exercise price of $7.36 per share to our employees. During 2006, 371,634 options were exercised for aggregate consideration of $553,659. During 2005, pursuant to our 1999 Stock Option Plan, we granted stock options to purchase 42,500 shares of common stock with a weighted average exercise price of $6.44 per share to our employees. During 2005, 141,725 options were exercised for aggregate consideration of $237,227.
The issuance of common stock upon exercise of the options was exempt either pursuant to Rule 701, as a transaction pursuant to a compensatory benefit plan, or pursuant to Section 4(2), as a transaction by an issuer not involving a public offering.
(c) Exercises of Warrants
During 2006, we issued and sold 184,233 shares of our common stock upon the exercise of a warrant for aggregate consideration of $338,988.
During 2007, we issued 52,764 shares of our common stock upon the cashless exercise of warrants. We did not receive any consideration from the cashless exercises apart from the surrender of the underlying warrants.
The issuances of common stock upon the exercise of the warrants were made in reliance upon the exemption from registration proved by Section 4(2) of the Securities Act for transactions by an issuer not involving a public offering. All of the foregoing securities are deemed restricted securities for purposes of the Securities Act.
Use of Proceeds from Public Offering of Common Stock
In May 2007, we completed our initial public offering (IPO) pursuant to a registration statement on Form S-1 (File No. 333-140503) that was declared effective by the SEC on May 16, 2007. Under the registration statement, we registered the offering and sale of an aggregate of 7,700,000 shares of our common stock, $0.001 par value, of which 6,427,152 shares were sold by the Company and 1,272,848 were sold by certain selling stockholders. All of the shares of common stock issued pursuant to the registration statement, including the shares sold by the selling stockholders, were sold at a price to the public of $13.00 per share.
As a result of the IPO, we raised a total of $83.2 million in net proceeds after deducting underwriting discounts and commissions of approximately $6.4 million and offering expenses of approximately $2.3 million. In May 2007 we repaid $12.0 million that we had borrowed against our revolving credit facility in conjunction with the acquisition of TechnologyGuide.com in April 2007. In November 2007 we acquired KnowledgeStorm, Inc. for approximately $58 million, consisting of approximately $52 million in cash and 359,820 shares of unregistered common stock of TechTarget valued at $6.0 million.
We have applied the remaining net proceeds from the IPO to our working capital for general corporate purposes. We have no current agreements or commitments with respect to any material acquisitions. We have invested the remaining net proceeds in cash, cash equivalents and short-term investments, in accordance with our investment policy. None of the remaining net proceeds were paid, directly or indirectly, to directors, officers, persons owning ten percent or more of our equity securities, or any of our other affiliates.
Equity Compensation Plan Information
Information relating to compensation plans under which our equity securities are authorized for issuance is set forth under “Security Ownership of Certain Beneficial Owners and Management and Related Stockholder Matters” in our definitive proxy statement for our 2008 Annual Meeting of Stockholders.
Stock Performance Graph
The following graph compares the cumulative total return to stockholders of our common stock for the period from May 16, 2007, the date of our initial public offering, to December 31, 2007, to the cumulative total return of the Russell 2000 Index and the S&P 500 Media Industry Index for the same period. This graph assumes the investment of $100.00 on May 16, 2007 in our common stock, the Russell 2000 Index and the S&P 500 Media Industry Index and assumes any dividends are reinvested.
COMPARATIVE STOCK PERFORMANCE
Among TechTarget, Inc.
The Russell 2000 Index and
The S&P 500 Media Industry Index
| | May 16, 2007 | | | June 30, 2007 | | | September 30, 2007 | | | December 31, 2007 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
TechTarget, Inc. | | $ | 100.00 | | | $ | 98.85 | | | $ | 130.00 | | | $ | 113.69 | |
Russell 2000 Index | | $ | 100.00 | | | $ | 102.57 | | | $ | 99.40 | | | $ | 94.85 | |
S&P 500 Media Industry Index | | $ | 100.00 | | | $ | 101.07 | | | $ | 94.21 | | | $ | 86.34 | |
The information included under the heading “Stock Performance Graph” in Item 5 of this Annual Report on Form 10-K is “furnished” and not “filed” and shall not be deemed to be “soliciting material” or subject to Regulation 14A, shall not be deemed “filed” for purposes of Section 18 of the Securities Act of 1934, as amended, or otherwise subject to the liabilities of that section, nor shall it be deemed incorporated by reference in any filing under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, or the Securities Act of 1934, as amended.
Item 6. Selected Consolidated Financial Data
The following selected consolidated financial data should be read in conjunction with our audited consolidated financial statements, the related notes and Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations, which are included in this Annual Report on Form 10-K. The consolidated statement of operations data for the years ended December 31, 2007, 2006 and 2005, and the selected consolidated balance sheet data as of December 31, 2007 and 2006 have been derived from our audited consolidated financial statements and related notes included in this Annual Report on Form 10-K. The consolidated statement of operations data for the years ended December 31, 2004 and 2003, and the consolidated balance sheet data as of December 31, 2005, 2004 and 2003 have been derived from audited consolidated financial statements and related notes, which are not included in this Annual Report on Form 10-K. The historical results are not necessarily indicative of the results to be expected for any future period.
| | Years Ended December 31, | |
| | 2007 | | | 2006 | | | 2005 | | | 2004 | | | 2003 | |
| | (in thousands, except share and per share data) | |
Consolidated Statement of Operations Data: | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Revenues: | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Online | | $ | 63,686 | | | $ | 51,176 | | | $ | 43,662 | | | $ | 31,342 | | | $ | 21,023 | |
Events | | | 24,254 | | | | 19,708 | | | | 14,595 | | | | 9,647 | | | | 7,845 | |
Print | | | 6,725 | | | | 8,128 | | | | 8,489 | | | | 5,738 | | | | 3,598 | |
Total revenues | | | 94,665 | | | | 79,012 | | | | 66,746 | | | | 46,727 | | | | 32,466 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Cost of revenues: | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Online (1) | | | 15,575 | | | | 12,988 | | | | 10,476 | | | | 7,632 | | | | 5,826 | |
Events (1) | | | 8,611 | | | | 6,493 | | | | 6,202 | | | | 5,948 | | | | 4,798 | |
Print (1) | | | 3,788 | | | | 5,339 | | | | 5,322 | | | | 3,073 | | | | 2,318 | |
Total cost of revenues | | | 27,974 | | | | 24,820 | | | | 22,000 | | | | 16,653 | | | | 12,942 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Gross profit | | | 66,691 | | | | 54,192 | | | | 44,746 | | | | 30,074 | | | | 19,524 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Operating expenses: | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Selling and marketing (1) | | | 28,048 | | | | 20,305 | | | | 18,174 | | | | 15,138 | | | | 10,736 | |
Product development (1) | | | 7,320 | | | | 6,295 | | | | 5,756 | | | | 4,111 | | | | 3,728 | |
General and administrative (1) | | | 12,592 | | | | 8,756 | | | | 7,617 | | | | 11,756 | | | | 3,991 | |
Depreciation | | | 1,610 | | | | 1,144 | | | | 1,792 | | | | 1,168 | | | | 1,153 | |
Amortization of intangible assets | | | 4,740 | | | | 5,029 | | | | 5,172 | | | | 1,304 | | | | 428 | |
Total operating expenses | | | 54,310 | | | | 41,529 | | | | 38,511 | | | | 33,477 | | | | 20,036 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Operating income (loss) | | | 12,381 | | | | 12,663 | | | | 6,235 | | | | (3,403 | ) | | | (512 | ) |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Interest income (expense), net | | | 1,831 | | | | 321 | | | | (30 | ) | | | 143 | | | | (21 | ) |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Income (loss) before provision for (benefit from) income taxes | | | 14,212 | | | | 12,984 | | | | 6,205 | | | | (3,260 | ) | | | (533 | ) |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Provision for (benefit from) income taxes | | | 6,046 | | | | 5,811 | | | | (2,681 | ) | | | 32 | | | | - | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Net income (loss) | | $ | 8,166 | | | $ | 7,173 | | | $ | 8,886 | | | $ | (3,292 | ) | | $ | (533 | ) |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Net income (loss) per common share (2): | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Basic | | $ | 0.15 | | | $ | (0.46 | ) | | $ | (0.24 | ) | | $ | (1.34 | ) | | $ | (0.51 | ) |
Diluted | | $ | 0.13 | | | $ | (0.46 | ) | | $ | (0.24 | ) | | $ | (1.34 | ) | | $ | (0.51 | ) |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Weighted average common shares outstanding: | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Basic | | | 28,384,303 | | | | 7,824,374 | | | | 7,370,680 | | | | 7,594,470 | | | | 7,901,256 | |
Diluted | | | 31,346,738 | | | | 7,824,374 | | | | 7,370,680 | | | | 7,594,470 | | | | 7,901,256 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Other Data: | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Adjusted EBITDA (unaudited) (3) | | $ | 24,565 | | | $ | 20,086 | | | $ | 13,277 | | | $ | 5,352 | | | $ | 1,104 | |
| | As of December 31, | |
| | 2007 | | | 2006 | | | 2005 | | | 2004 | | | 2003 | |
| | (in thousands) | |
Consolidated Balance Sheet Data: | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Cash, cash equivalents and short-term investments | | $ | 62,001 | | | $ | 30,830 | | | $ | 46,879 | | | $ | 7,214 | | | $ | 7,988 | |
Total assets | | | 199,887 | | | | 92,647 | | | | 95,160 | | | | 92,920 | | | | 15,692 | |
Total liabilities | | | 19,239 | | | | 21,107 | | | | 32,879 | | | | 39,841 | | | | 7,131 | |
Total redeemable convertible preferred stock | | | - | | | | 136,766 | | | | 126,004 | | | | 115,383 | | | | 40,392 | |
Total stockholders' equity (deficit) | | | 180,648 | | | | (65,226 | ) | | | (63,723 | ) | | | (62,304 | ) | | | (31,831 | ) |
| | Years Ended December 31, | |
| | 2007 | | | 2006 | | | 2005 | | | 2004 | | | 2003 | |
| | (in thousands) | |
(1) Amounts include stock-based compensation expense as follows: | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Cost of online revenue | | $ | 189 | | | $ | 87 | | | $ | - | | | $ | 78 | | | $ | - | |
Cost of events revenue | | | 53 | | | | 31 | | | | - | | | | 236 | | | | - | |
Cost of print revenue | | | 15 | | | | 12 | | | | - | | | | - | | | | - | |
Selling and marketing | | | 2,999 | | | | 606 | | | | - | | | | 1,025 | | | | - | |
Product development | | | 334 | | | | 90 | | | | - | | | | 7 | | | | - | |
General and administrative | | | 2,244 | | | | 424 | | | | 78 | | | | 4,937 | | | | 35 | |
Total | | $ | 5,834 | | | $ | 1,250 | | | $ | 78 | | | $ | 6,283 | (a) | | $ | 35 | |
| (a) | In May 2004, we offered to repurchase for cash (i) up to 100% of the issued and outstanding shares of our series A preferred stock; and (ii) up to 45% of the aggregate issued and outstanding shares of common stock and/or options to purchase the same (provided the option holder had either completed four years of service with us as of May 1, 2004, or had held the option for at least four years as of May 1, 2004), effected to provide certain stockholders and option holders with liquidity. We recorded stock-based compensation expense of $6,012,382 related to the purchase of 1,429,157 options. |
(2) | Basic and diluted net income (loss) per common share is computed by dividing the net income (loss) applicable to common stockholders by the basic and diluted weighted-average number of common shares outstanding for the fiscal period. See "Note 2 of our Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements." |
(3) | The following table reconciles net income (loss) to Adjusted EBITDA for the periods presented and is unaudited: |
| | Years Ended December 31, | |
| | 2007 | | | 2006 | | | 2005 | | | 2004 | | | 2003 | |
| | (in thousands) | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Net income (loss) | | $ | 8,166 | | | $ | 7,173 | | | $ | 8,886 | | | $ | (3,292 | ) | | $ | (533 | ) |
Interest income (expense), net | | | 1,831 | | | | 321 | | | | (30 | ) | | | 143 | | | | (21 | ) |
Provision for (benefit from) income taxes | | | 6,046 | | | | 5,811 | | | | (2,681 | ) | | | 32 | | | | - | |
Depreciation | | | 1,610 | | | | 1,144 | | | | 1,792 | | | | 1,168 | | | | 1,153 | |
Amortization of intangible assets | | | 4,740 | | | | 5,029 | | | | 5,172 | | | | 1,304 | | | | 428 | |
EBITDA | | | 18,731 | | | | 18,836 | | | | 13,199 | | | | (931 | ) | | | 1,069 | |
Stock-based compensation | | | 5,834 | | | | 1,250 | | | | 78 | | | | 6,283 | (a) | | | 35 | |
Adjusted EBITDA | | $ | 24,565 | | | $ | 20,086 | | | $ | 13,277 | | | $ | 5,352 | | | $ | 1,104 | |
| (a) | In May 2004, we offered to repurchase for cash (i) up to 100% of the issued and outstanding shares of our series A preferred stock; and (ii) up to 45% of the aggregate issued and outstanding shares of common stock and/or options to purchase the same (provided the option holder had either completed four years of service with us as of May 1, 2004, or had held the option for at least four years as of May 1, 2004), effected to provide certain stockholders and option holders with liquidity. We recorded stock-based compensation expense of $6,012,382 related to the purchase of 1,429,157 options. |
Adjusted EBITDA is a metric used by management to measure operating performance. EBITDA represents net income (loss) before interest income (expense) net, provision for (benefit from) income taxes, depreciation and amortization. Adjusted EBITDA represents EBITDA less stock-based compensation expense. We present Adjusted EBITDA as a supplemental performance measure because we believe it facilitates operating performance comparisons from period to period and company to company by backing out potential differences caused by variations in capital structures (affecting interest expense), tax positions (such as the impact on periods or companies of changes in effective tax rates or net operating losses), the age and book depreciation of fixed assets (affecting relative depreciation expense), and the impact of non-cash stock-based compensation expense costs. Because Adjusted EBITDA facilitates internal comparisons of operating performance on a more consistent basis, we also use Adjusted EBITDA in measuring our performance relative to that of our competitors. We also use Adjusted EBITDA in connection with our compensation of our executive officers. Adjusted EBITDA is not a measurement of our financial performance under GAAP and should not be considered as an alternative to net income, operating income or any other performance measures derived in accordance with GAAP or as an alternative to cash flow from operating activities as a measure of our profitability or liquidity. We understand that although Adjusted EBITDA is frequently used by securities analysts, lenders and others in their evaluation of companies, Adjusted EBITDA has limitations as an analytical tool, and you should not consider it in isolation, or as a substitute for analysis of our results as reported under GAAP. Some of these limitations are:
· | Adjusted EBITDA does not reflect our cash expenditures, or future requirements for capital expenditures or contractual commitments; |
· | Adjusted EBITDA does not reflect changes in, or cash requirements for, our working capital needs; |
· | Adjusted EBITDA does not reflect the significant interest expense, or the cash requirements necessary to service interest or principal payments, on our debts; |
· | Although depreciation and amortization are non-cash charges, the assets being depreciated and amortized will often have to be replaced in the future, and Adjusted EBITDA does not reflect any cash requirements for such replacements; and |
· | Other companies in our industry may calculate Adjusted EBITDA differently than we do, limiting its usefulness as a comparative measure. |
Item 7. Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations
The following discussion and analysis of our financial condition and results of operations should be read in conjunction with the consolidated financial statements and accompanying notes included elsewhere in this Annual Report on Form 10-K. In this discussion and analysis, dollar, share and per share amounts are not rounded to thousands unless otherwise indicated. This discussion and analysis contains forward-looking statements that involve risks, uncertainties and assumptions. Our actual results could differ materially from those anticipated in these forward-looking statements as a result of various factors, including those discussed below and elsewhere in this Annual Report on Form 10-K particularly under the heading "Risk Factors."
Overview
Background
We are a leading provider of specialized online content that brings together buyers and sellers of corporate IT products. We sell customized marketing programs that enable IT vendors to reach corporate IT decision makers who are actively researching specific IT purchases.
Our integrated content platform consists of a network of websites that we complement with targeted in-person events and two specialized IT magazines. Throughout all stages of the purchase decision process, these content offerings meet IT professionals' needs for expert, peer and IT vendor information, and provide a platform on which IT vendors can launch targeted marketing campaigns that generate measurable, high ROI. As IT professionals have become increasingly specialized, they have come to rely on our sector-specific websites for purchasing decision support. Our content enables IT professionals to navigate the complex and rapidly changing IT landscape where purchasing decisions can have significant financial and operational consequences. Based upon the logical clustering of our users' respective job responsibilities and the marketing focus of the products that our customers are advertising, we currently categorize our content offerings across eleven distinct media groups: Application Development; Channel; CIO and IT Management; Data Center; Enterprise Applications; Laptops and Mobile Technology; Networking; Security; Storage; Vertical Software; and Windows and Distributed Computing.
In May 2007, we completed our initial public offering of 8.9 million shares of our common stock, of which 7.1 million shares were sold by us and 1.8 million shares were sold by certain of our existing shareholders at a price to the public of $13.00 per share. We raised a total of $91.9 million in gross proceeds from the offering, or $83.2 million in net proceeds after deducting underwriting discounts and commissions of $6.4 million and other offering costs of approximately $2.3 million. Upon the closing of the offering, all shares of our redeemable convertible preferred stock automatically converted into 24.4 million shares of common stock.
Sources of Revenues
We sell advertising programs to IT vendors targeting a specific audience within a particular IT sector or sub-sector. We maintain multiple points of contact with our customers to provide support throughout their organizations and the sales cycle. As a result, our customers often run multiple advertising programs with us in order to reach discrete portions of our targeted audience. There are multiple factors that can impact our customers' advertising objectives and spending with us, including but not limited to, product launches, increases or decreases to their advertising budgets, the timing of key industry marketing events, responses to competitor activities and efforts to address specific marketing objectives such as creating brand awareness or generating sales leads. Our services are generally delivered under short-term contracts that run for the length of a given advertising program, typically less than 90 days.
We generate substantially all of our revenues from the sale of targeted advertising campaigns that we deliver via our network of websites, events and print publications.
Online. The majority of our revenue is derived from the delivery of our online offerings from our media groups. Online revenue represented 67%, 65% and 65% of total revenues for the years ended December 31, 2007, 2006 and 2005, respectively. We expect the majority of our revenues to be derived through the delivery of online offerings for the foreseeable future. As a result of our customers' advertising objectives and preferences, the specific allocation of online advertising offerings sold and delivered by us, on a period by period basis, can fluctuate.
Through our websites we sell a variety of online media offerings to connect IT vendors to IT professionals. Our lead generation offerings allow IT vendors to capture qualified sales leads from the distribution and promotion of content to our audience of IT professionals. Our branding offerings provide IT vendors exposure to targeted audiences of IT professionals actively researching information related to their products and services.
Our branding offerings include banners and e-newsletters. Banner advertising can be purchased on specific websites within our network. We also offer the ability to advertise in e-newsletters focused on key site sub-topics across our portfolio of websites. These offerings give IT vendors the ability to increase their brand awareness to highly specialized IT sectors.
Our lead generation offerings include the following:
- | White Papers. White papers are technical documents created by IT vendors to describe business or technical problems that are addressed by the vendors' products or services. IT vendors pay us to have their white papers distributed to our users and receive targeted promotions on our relevant websites. When viewing white papers, our registered members and visitors supply their corporate contact and qualification information and agree to receive further information from the vendor. The corporate contact and other qualification information for these leads are supplied to the vendor in real time through our proprietary lead management software. |
- | Webcasts and Podcasts. IT vendors pay us to sponsor and host webcasts and podcasts that bring informational sessions directly to attendees' desktops and, in the case of podcasts, directly to their mobile devices. As is the case with white papers, our users supply their corporate contact and qualification information to the webcast or podcast sponsor when they view or download the content. Sponsorship includes access to the registrant information and visibility before, during and after the event. |
- | Software Package Comparisons. Through our 2020software.com website, IT vendors pay us to post information and specifications about their software packages, typically organized by application category. Users can request further information, which may include downloadable trial software from multiple software providers in sectors such as customer relationship management, or CRM, accounting, and business analytics. IT vendors, in turn, receive qualified leads based upon the users who request their information. |
- | Dedicated E-mails. IT vendors pay us to further target the promotion of their white papers, webcasts, podcasts or downloadable trial software by including their content in our periodic e-mail updates to registered users of our websites. Users who have voluntarily registered on our websites receive an e-mail update from us when vendor content directly related to their interests is listed on our sites. |
- | List Rentals. We also offer IT vendors the ability to message relevant registered members on topics related to their interests. IT vendors can rent our e-mail and postal lists of registered members using specific criteria such as company size, geography or job title. |
- | Contextual Advertising. Our contextual advertising programs associate IT vendor white papers, webcasts, podcasts or other content on a particular topic with our related sector-specific content. IT vendors have the option to purchase exclusive sponsorship of content related to their product or category. |
Events. Events revenue represented 26%, 25% and 22% of total revenues for the years ended December 31, 2007, 2006 and 2005, respectively. Most of our media groups operate revenue generating events. The majority of our events are free to IT professionals and are sponsored by IT vendors. Attendees are pre-screened based on event-specific criteria such as sector-specific budget size, company size, or job title. We offer three types of events: multi-day conferences, single-day seminars and custom events. Multi-day conferences provide independent expert content for our attendees and allow vendors to purchase exhibit space and other sponsorship offerings that enable interaction with the attendees. We also hold single-day seminars on various topics in major cities. These seminars provide independent content on key sub-topics in the sectors we serve, are free to qualified attendees, and offer multiple vendors the ability to interact with specific, targeted audiences actively focused on buying decisions. Our custom events differ from our conferences and seminars in that they are exclusively sponsored by a single IT vendor, and the content is driven primarily by the sole sponsor.
Print. Print revenue represented 7%, 10% and 13% of total revenues for the years ended December 31, 2007, 2006 and 2005, respectively. As of December 31, 2007, we publish monthly two controlled-circulation magazines that are free to subscribers and generate revenue solely based on advertising fees. The highly targeted magazines we publish are: Storage magazine (Storage Media Group), which we began publishing in 2002; and Information Security magazine (Security Media Group), which we began publishing in 2003. We discontinued publishing CIO Decisions magazine in November 2007. Our magazines provide readers with strategic guidance on important enterprise-level technology decisions. We expect print revenue to decrease as a percentage of total revenue in the foreseeable future.
Cost of Revenues, Operating Expenses and Other
Expenses consist of cost of revenues, selling and marketing, product development, general and administrative, depreciation, and amortization expenses. Personnel-related costs are a significant component of most of these expense categories. We grew from 307 employees at December 31, 2004 to 584 employees at December 31, 2007. We expect personnel-related expenses to continue to increase in absolute dollars, but to decline over time as a percentage of total revenues due to anticipated economies of scale in our business support functions.
Cost of Online Revenue. Cost of online revenue consists primarily of: salaries and related personnel costs; member acquisition expenses (primarily keyword purchases from leading Internet search sites); freelance writer expenses; website hosting costs; vendor expenses associated with the delivery of webcast, podcast and list rental offerings; stock-based compensation expenses; and related overhead.
Cost of Events Revenue. Cost of events revenue consists primarily of: facility expenses, including food and beverages for the event attendees; salaries and related personnel costs; event speaker expenses; stock-based compensation expenses; and related overhead.
Cost of Print Revenue. Cost of print revenue consists primarily of: printing and graphics expenses; mailing costs; salaries and related personnel costs; freelance writer expenses; subscriber acquisition expenses (primarily telemarketing); stock-based compensation expenses; and related overhead.
Selling and Marketing. Selling and marketing expense consists primarily of: salaries and related personnel costs; sales commissions; travel, lodging and other out-of-pocket expenses; stock-based compensation expenses; and related overhead. Sales commissions are recorded as expense when earned by the employee.
Product Development. Product development includes the creation and maintenance of our network of websites, advertiser offerings and technical infrastructure. Product development expense consists primarily of salaries and related personnel costs; stock-based compensation expenses; and related overhead.
General and Administrative. General and administrative expense consists primarily of: salaries and related personnel costs; facilities expenses; accounting, legal and other professional fees; stock-based compensation expenses; and related overhead. General and administrative expense may continue to increase as a percentage of total revenue for the foreseeable future as we invest in infrastructure to support continued growth and incur additional expenses related to being a publicly traded company, including increased audit and legal fees, costs of compliance with securities and other regulations, investor relations expense, and higher insurance premiums.
Depreciation. Depreciation expense consists of the depreciation of our property and equipment. Depreciation of property and equipment is calculated using the straight-line method over their estimated useful lives ranging from three to five years.
Amortization of Intangible Assets. Amortization of intangible assets expense consists of the amortization of intangible assets recorded in connection with our acquisitions. Separable intangible assets that are not deemed to have an indefinite life are amortized over their useful lives using the straight-line method over periods ranging from one to nine years.
Interest Income (Expense), Net. Interest income (expense) net consists primarily of interest income earned on cash and cash equivalent balances less interest expense incurred on bank term loan balances. We historically have invested our cash in money market accounts, commercial paper corporate debt securities, municipal bonds, auction rate securities and variable rate demand notes.
Application of Critical Accounting Policies and Use of Estimates
The discussion of our financial condition and results of operations is based upon our consolidated financial statements, which have been prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States. The preparation of these financial statements requires us to make estimates, judgments and assumptions that affect the reported amount of assets, liabilities, revenues and expenses and related disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities. On an ongoing basis, we evaluate our estimates, including those related to revenue, long-lived assets, the allowance for doubtful accounts, stock-based compensation, and income taxes. We based our estimates of the carrying value of certain assets and liabilities on historical experience and on various other assumptions that we believe to be reasonable. In many cases, we could reasonably have used different accounting policies and estimates. In some cases, changes in the accounting estimates are reasonably likely to occur from period to period. Our actual results may differ from these estimates under different assumptions or conditions.
We believe the following critical accounting policies affect our more significant judgments used in the preparation of our consolidated financial statements. See the notes to our financial statements for information about these critical accounting policies as well as a description of our other accounting policies.
Revenue Recognition
We generate substantially all of our revenue from the sale of targeted advertising campaigns that we deliver via our network of websites, events and print publications. We recognize this revenue in accordance with Staff Accounting Bulletin, or SAB, No. 104, Revenue Recognition, and Financial Accounting Standards Board's, or FASB, Emerging Issues Task Force, or EITF, Issue No. 00-21, Revenue Arrangement With Multiple Deliverables. In all cases, we recognize revenue only when the price is fixed or determinable, persuasive evidence of an arrangement exists, the service is performed and collectibility of the resulting receivable is reasonably assured.
Online. We recognize revenue from our specific online media offerings as follows:
- | White Papers. We recognize white paper revenue ratably in the period in which the white paper is available on our websites. |
- | Webcasts and Podcasts. We recognize webcast revenue in the period in which the webcast occurs. We recognize podcast revenue in the period in which it is posted and becomes available on our websites. |
- | Software Package Comparisons. We recognize software package comparison revenue ratably over the period in which the software information is available on our websites. |
- | Dedicated E-mails and E-newsletters. We recognize dedicated e-mail and e-newsletter revenue in the period in which the e-mail or e-newsletter is sent. |
- | List Rentals. We recognize list rental revenue in the period in which the e-mails are sent to the list of registered members. |
- | Banners. We recognize banner revenue in the period in which the banner impressions occur. |
We offer customers the ability to purchase integrated ROI program offerings, which can include any of our online media offerings packaged together to address the particular customer's specific advertising requirements. As part of these offerings, we will guarantee a minimum number of qualified sales leads to be delivered over the course of the advertising campaign. Throughout the advertising campaign, revenue is recognized as individual offerings are delivered, and the lead guarantee commitments are closely monitored to assess campaign performance. If the minimum number of qualified sales leads is not met by the scheduled completion date of the advertising campaign, the advertising campaign is extended, and we will defer recognition of revenue in an amount equal to the value of the estimated inventory that will be required to fulfill the guarantee. These estimates are based on our extensive experience in managing and fulfilling these integrated ROI program offerings. Typically, shortfalls in fulfilling lead guarantees before the scheduled completion date of an advertising campaign are satisfied within an average of 45 days of such scheduled completion date.
As of December 31, 2007, substantially all of the integrated ROI program offerings that have guaranteed a minimum number of qualified sales leads have been delivered within the original contractual term. Integrated ROI program offerings have not required us to defer a more than $25,000 in any quarter during 2007, nor have we been required to refund or extend payment terms to customers to account for these guarantees. These integrated ROI program offerings represented approximately 35% and 29% of our online revenues, and 23% and 19% of our total revenues for the years ended December 31, 2007 and 2006, respectively.
Amounts collected or billed prior to satisfying the above revenue recognition criteria are recorded as deferred revenue.
While each of our online media offerings can be sold separately, most of our online media sales involve multiple online offerings. At inception of the arrangement, we evaluate the deliverables to determine whether they represent separate units of accounting under EITF Issue No. 00-21. Deliverables are deemed to be separate units of accounting if all of the following criteria are met: the delivered item has value to the customer on a standalone basis; there is objective and reliable evidence of the fair value of the item(s); and delivery or performance of the item(s) is considered probable and substantially in our control. We allocate revenue to each unit of accounting in a transaction based upon its fair value as determined by vendor objective evidence. Vendor objective evidence of fair value for all elements of an arrangement is based upon the normal pricing and discounting practices for those online media offerings when sold to other similar customers. If vendor objective evidence of fair value has not been established for all items under the arrangement, no allocation can be made, and we recognize revenue on all items over the term of the arrangement.
Events. We recognize event sponsorship revenue upon completion of the event in the period the event occurs. The majority of our events are free to qualified attendees, however certain events are based on a paid attendee model. We recognize revenue for paid attendee events upon completion of the event and receipt of payment from the attendee. Amounts collected or billed prior to satisfying the above revenue recognition criteria are recorded as deferred revenue.
Print. We recognize print revenue at the time the applicable magazine is distributed. Amounts collected or billed prior to satisfying the above revenue recognition criteria are recorded as deferred revenue.
Stock-Based Compensation Expense
Through December 31, 2005, we accounted for stock option grants in accordance with Accounting Principles Board, or APB, Opinion No. 25, Accounting for Stock Issued to Employees, and complied with the disclosure provisions of Statement of Financial Accounting Standards, or SFAS, No. 123, Accounting for Stock-Based Compensation, as amended by SFAS No. 148, Accounting for Stock-Based Compensation—Transition and Disclosure. Under APB 25, deferred stock-based compensation expense is recorded for the intrinsic value of options (the difference between the deemed fair value of our common stock and the option exercise price) at the grant date and is amortized ratably over the option's vesting period. We also accounted for non-employee option grants on a fair-value basis using the Black-Scholes model and recognized this expense over the applicable vesting period.
On January 1, 2006, we adopted the requirements of SFAS No. 123(R), Share Based Payment. SFAS No. 123(R) requires us to measure the cost of employee services received in exchange for an award of equity instruments, based on the fair value of the award on the date of grant, and to recognize the cost over the period during which the employee is required to provide the services in exchange for the award. We adopted SFAS 123(R) using the prospective method, which requires us to apply its provisions only to stock-based awards to employees granted on or after January 1, 2006. For the years ended December 31, 2007 and 2006, we recorded expense of $5.83 million and $1.25 million, respectively, in connection with share-based payment awards. Unrecognized stock-based compensation expense for non-vested options and restricted stock awards of $18.9 million and $8.7 million is expected to be recognized using the straight-line method over a weighted-average period of 1.65 years and 2.05 years, respectively. The actual amount of stock-based compensation expense we record in any fiscal period will depend on a number of factors, including the number of equity instruments issued and the volatility of our stock price over time.
Long-Lived Assets
Our long-lived assets consist of property and equipment, goodwill and other intangible assets. Goodwill and other intangible assets have arisen principally from our acquisitions. The amount assigned to intangible assets is subjective and based on our estimates of the future benefit of the intangible assets using accepted valuation techniques, such as discounted cash flow and replacement cost models. Our long-lived assets, other than goodwill, are amortized over their estimated useful lives, which we determined based on the consideration of several factors including the period of time the asset is expected to remain in service. We evaluate the carrying value and remaining useful lives of long-lived assets, other than goodwill, whenever indicators of impairment are present. We evaluate the carrying value of goodwill annually, and whenever indicators of impairment are present. Because we have one reporting segment under SFAS No. 142, Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets, we utilize the entity-wide approach to assess goodwill for impairment and compare our market value to our net book value to determine if an impairment exists.
Income Taxes
We are subject to income taxes in both the United States and foreign jurisdictions, and we use estimates in determining our provision for income taxes. We account for income taxes in accordance with SFAS No. 109, Accounting for Income Taxes, which is the asset and liability method for accounting and reporting for income taxes. Under SFAS No. 109, deferred tax assets and liabilities are recognized based on temporary differences between the financial reporting and income tax bases of assets and liabilities using statutory rates.
Our deferred tax assets are comprised primarily of net operating loss, or NOL, carryforwards. As of December 31, 2007, we had federal and state NOL carryforwards of approximately $18.1 million and $18.2 million, respectively, which may be used to offset future taxable income. The NOL carryforwards expire at various times through 2027, and are subject to review and possible adjustment by the Internal Revenue Service. The Internal Revenue Code contains provisions that limit the NOL and tax credit carryforwards available to be used in any given year in the event of certain changes in the ownership interests of significant stockholders. The federal NOL carryforwards of $18.1 million available at December 31, 2007 were acquired from KnowledgeStorm and are subject to limitations on their use in future years.
In evaluating the ability to realize our net deferred tax assets, we consider all available evidence, both positive and negative, including past operating results, the existence of cumulative losses in the most recent fiscal years, tax planning strategies that are prudent, and feasible and forecasts of future taxable income. In 2005, we reversed a $6.75 million valuation allowance because sufficient positive evidence existed to ascertain that it was more likely than not that we would be able to realize our deferred tax assets. This conclusion was based on our operating performance over the past few years and our operating plans for the foreseeable future. In the event that we are unable to generate taxable earnings in the future and determine that it is more likely than not that we can not realize our deferred tax assets, an adjustment to the valuation allowance would be made which may decrease income in the period that such determination is made, and may increase income in subsequent periods.
We adopted the provisions of FIN 48, an interpretation of SFAS No. 109, Accounting for Income Taxes, on January 1, 2007. FIN 48 clarifies the accounting for uncertainty in income taxes recognized in an enterprise’s financial statements in accordance with SFAS No. 109 and prescribes a recognition threshold and measurement process for financial statement recognition and measurement of a tax position taken or expected to be taken in a tax return. We did not recognize any liability for unrecognized tax benefits as a result of adopting FIN 48 on January 1, 2007 and during the year ended December 31, 2007.
Net Income (Loss) Per Share
We calculate net income (loss) per share in accordance with SFAS No. 128, Earnings Per Share (SFAS No. 128). Through May 17, 2007, we calculated net income per share in accordance with SFAS No. 128, as clarified by EITF Issue No. 03-6, Participating Securities and the Two-Class Method Under FASB Statement No. 128, Earnings Per Share. EITF Issue No. 03-6 clarifies the use of the "two-class" method of calculating earnings per share as originally prescribed in SFAS No. 128. Effective for periods beginning after March 31, 2004, EITF Issue No. 03-6 provides guidance on how to determine whether a security should be considered a "participating security" for purposes of computing earnings per share and how earnings should be allocated to a participating security when using the two-class method for computing basic earnings per share. We determined that our convertible preferred stock represented a participating security and therefore adopted the provisions of EITF Issue No. 03-6.
Under the two-class method, basic net income (loss) per share is computed by dividing the net income (loss) applicable to common stockholders by the weighted-average number of common shares outstanding for the fiscal period. Diluted net income (loss) per share is computed using the more dilutive of (a) the two-class method or (b) the if-converted method. We allocate net income first to preferred stockholders based on dividend rights under our charter and then to preferred and common stockholders based on ownership interests. Net losses are not allocated to preferred stockholders.
As of May 16, 2007, the effective date of our initial public offering, we transitioned from having two classes of equity securities outstanding, common and preferred stock, to a single class of equity securities outstanding, common stock, upon automatic conversion of shares of redeemable convertible preferred stock into shares of common stock. In calculating diluted earnings per share for the period January 1, 2007 to May 16, 2007 shares related to redeemable convertible preferred stock were excluded because they were anti-dilutive. In calculating diluted earnings per share for 2006 and 2005, shares related to redeemable convertible preferred stock and outstanding stock options and warrants were excluded because they were anti-dilutive.
Subsequent to our initial public offering, basic earnings per share is computed based only on the weighted average number of common shares outstanding during the period. Diluted earnings per share is computed using the weighted average number of common shares outstanding during the period, plus the dilutive effect of potential future issuances of common stock relating to stock option programs and other potentially dilutive securities using the treasury stock method. In calculating diluted earnings per share, the dilutive effect of stock options is computed using the average market price for the respective period. In addition, under SFAS No. 123(R), the assumed proceeds under the treasury stock method include the average unrecognized compensation expense of stock options that are in-the-money. This results in the “assumed” buyback of additional shares, thereby reducing the dilutive impact of stock options.
Allowance for Doubtful Accounts
We reduce gross trade accounts receivable with an allowance for doubtful accounts. The allowance for doubtful accounts is our best estimate of the amount of probable credit losses in our existing accounts receivable. We review our allowance for doubtful accounts on a regular basis, and all past due balances are reviewed individually for collectibility. Account balances are charged against the allowance after all means of collection have been exhausted and the potential for recovery is considered remote. Provisions for allowance for doubtful accounts are recorded in general and administrative expense. If our historical collection experience does not reflect our future ability to collect outstanding accounts receivables, our future provision for doubtful accounts could be materially affected. To date, we have not incurred any write-offs of accounts receivable significantly different than the amounts reserved. As of December 31, 2007 and 2006, the allowance for doubtful accounts was $424 and $580, respectively.
Results of Operations
The following table sets forth our results of operations for the periods indicated:
| | Years Ended December 31, | |
| | 2007 | | | 2006 | | | 2005 | |
| | (in thousands) | |
Revenues: | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Online | | $ | 63,686 | | | | 67 | % | | $ | 51,176 | | | | 65 | % | | $ | 43,662 | | | | 65 | % |
Events | | | 24,254 | | | | 26 | | | | 19,708 | | | | 25 | | | | 14,595 | | | | 22 | |
Print | | | 6,725 | | | | 7 | | | | 8,128 | | | | 10 | | | | 8,489 | | | | 13 | |
Total revenues | | | 94,665 | | | | 100 | | | | 79,012 | | | | 100 | | | | 66,746 | | | | 100 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Cost of revenues: | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Online | | | 15,575 | | | | 17 | | | | 12,988 | | | | 16 | | | | 10,476 | | | | 16 | |
Events | | | 8,611 | | | | 9 | | | | 6,493 | | | | 8 | | | | 6,202 | | | | 9 | |
Print | | | 3,788 | | | | 4 | | | | 5,339 | | | | 7 | | | | 5,322 | | | | 8 | |
Total cost of revenues | | | 27,974 | | | | 30 | | | | 24,820 | | | | 31 | | | | 22,000 | | | | 33 | |
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Gross profit | | | 66,691 | | | | 70 | | | | 54,192 | | | | 69 | | | | 44,746 | | | | 67 | |
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Operating expenses: | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Selling and marketing | | | 28,048 | | | | 30 | | | | 20,305 | | | | 26 | | | | 18,174 | | | | 27 | |
Product development | | | 7,320 | | | | 8 | | | | 6,295 | | | | 8 | | | | 5,756 | | | | 9 | |
General and administrative | | | 12,592 | | | | 13 | | | | 8,756 | | | | 11 | | | | 7,617 | | | | 11 | |
Depreciation | | | 1,610 | | | | 2 | | | | 1,144 | | | | 1 | | | | 1,792 | | | | 3 | |
Amortization of intangible assets | | | 4,740 | | | | 5 | | | | 5,029 | | | | 6 | | | | 5,172 | | | | 8 | |
Total operating expenses | | | 54,310 | | | | 58 | | | | 41,529 | | | | 53 | | | | 38,511 | | | | 58 | |
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Operating income | | | 12,381 | | | | 13 | | | | 12,663 | | | | 16 | | | | 6,235 | | | | 9 | |
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Interest income (expense), net | | | 1,831 | | | | 2 | | | | 321 | | | | * | | | | (30 | ) | | | * | |
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Income before provision for (benefit from) income taxes | | | 14,212 | | | | 15 | | | | 12,984 | | | | 16 | | | | 6,205 | | | | 9 | |
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Provision for (benefit from) income taxes | | | 6,046 | | | | 6 | | | | 5,811 | | | | 7 | | | | (2,681 | ) | | | (4 | ) |
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Net income | | $ | 8,166 | | | | 9 | % | | $ | 7,173 | | | | 9 | % | | $ | 8,886 | | | | 13 | % |
* Percentage not meaningful.
Comparison of Fiscal Years Ended December 31, 2007 and 2006
Revenues
| | Years Ended December 31, | |
| | 2007 | | | 2006 | | | Increase (Decrease) | | | Percent Change | |
| | ($ in thousands) | |
Revenues: | | | | | | | | | | | | |
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Online. The increase in online revenue was attributable to a $14.7 million increase in revenue from lead generation offerings due primarily to an increase in webcast and white paper sales volumes as well as revenues from TechnologyGuide.com, which we acquired in April 2007 and KnowledgeStorm, which we acquired in November 2007. The increase is offset by a $2.3 million decrease in revenue from branding offerings due primarily to decreases in banner and e-newsletter sales volume.
Events. The increase in events revenue was primarily attributable to a $4.2 million increase in seminar series revenue due to an increase in the number of seminar series events produced in 2007 as compared to 2006.
Print. The decrease in print revenue was attributable to the continued shift of advertising budgets towards online offerings. Additionally, we discontinued publishing CIO Decisions magazine in November 2007.
Cost of Revenues and Gross Profit
| | Years Ended December 31, | |
| | 2007 | | | 2006 | | | Increase (Decrease) | | | Percent Change | |
| | ($ in thousands) | |
Cost of revenues: | | | | | | | | | | | | |
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Cost of Online Revenue. The increase in cost of online revenue was in part attributable to a $888,000 increase in member acquisition expenses, primarily related to keyword purchases for 2020software.com which we acquired in May 2006. The increase also reflects $594,000 in additional webcast cost of sales due to increased webcast sales volume in 2007. Approximately $516,000 of the increase is attributable to salaries and benefits due to an increase in average headcount of 10 employees in our online editorial and operations organizations, as well as an additional $193,000 related to increased freelancer expenses in 2007. We increased headcount and freelancers expenditures to support the increase in online revenue volume and to provide additional editorial content. Approximately $420,000 of the increase related to the acquisition of KnowledgeStorm, which we completed in November 2007.
Cost of Events Revenue. The increase in cost of events revenue was primarily attributable to a $1.2 million increase in seminar and custom event cost of sales due to an increase in the number of seminar series and custom events produced in 2007 as compared to 2006. Approximately $547,000 of the increase was related to salaries, bonuses, benefits and temporary staffing expenses to support the increase in seminar series and custom event volume. Three additional multi-day conferences were held in 2007 as compared to 2006 resulting in increased conference expenses of approximately $305,000.
Cost of Print Revenue. The decrease in cost of print revenue was attributable to our efforts in 2007 to reduce production costs for all three magazines in response to our customer’s advertising budgets continuing to shift away from print and towards online offerings. Additionally, we discontinued publishing CIO Decisions magazine in November 2007.
Gross Profit. The increase in gross profit reflects a $9.9 million increase in online gross profit and a $2.4 million increase in events gross profit. The increase in online gross profit is attributable to an increase in online revenue at a consistent gross profit percentage. The increase in events gross profit is attributable to an increase in custom event and seminar series revenue at a higher gross profit percentage on these events when compared to 2006. We expect our gross profit to fluctuate from period to period depending on our mix of revenues.
Operating Expenses and Other
| | For the Years Ended December 31, | |
| | 2007 | | | 2006 | | | Increase (Decrease) | | | Percent Change | |
| | ($ in thousands) | |
Operating expenses: | | | | | | | | | | | | |
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General and administrative | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
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Amortization of intangible assets | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
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Provision for income taxes | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
* Percent change not meaningful.
Selling and Marketing. The increase in selling and marketing expense was primarily attributable to a $3.9 million increase in salaries, commissions, and benefits related to an increase in average headcount of 45 employees in our sales and marketing organizations, as well as increases to employee compensation. The increase in headcount was to support the growth in revenues. The increase also reflects a $2.4 million increase in stock-based compensation expense and a $347,000 increase in travel expense resulting from the growth in sales personnel. Approximately $945,000 of selling and marketing expense related to the results of operations of KnowledgeStorm which we acquired in November 2007.
Product Development. The increase in product development expense was primarily attributable to $612,000 of expense related to the results of operations of KnowledgeStorm which we acquired in November 2007. An additional $144,000 of the increase was for consulting expenses related to IT infrastructure improvements to support the growing number of online offerings. The increase also reflects a $244,000 increase in stock-based compensation.
General and Administrative. The increase in general and administrative expense was primarily attributable to a $1.8 million increase in stock-based compensation and a $482,000 increase in other employee compensation. The increase was also attributable to a $955,000 increase in audit, legal, and insurance expenses related to operating as a publicly traded company since May 2007. The increase also reflects a $259,000 increase in facilities expense due to leasing additional office space in our Needham, MA headquarters beginning in July 2007.
Depreciation. The increase in depreciation expense was attributable to purchases of property and equipment of $2.7 million in the year ended December 31, 2007 compared to $1.3 million in 2006.
Amortization of Intangible Assets. The decrease in amortization of intangible assets expense was attributable to intangible assets related to acquisitions in prior years becoming fully amortized, offset in part by the amortization of intangible assets related to our acquisitions of TechnologyGuide.com in May 2007 and KnowledgeStorm in November 2007.
Interest Income (Expense), Net. The increase in interest income (expense), net reflected an increase in average cash and short-term investment balances during 2007 compared to 2006.
Provision for Income Taxes. The provision for income taxes as a percentage of income before taxes, or our annual effective tax rate, was 43% in 2007 and 45% in 2006. The decrease in the effective tax rate was primarily due to an increase in interest income exempt from Federal taxation.
Comparison of Fiscal Years Ended December 31, 2006 and 2005
Revenues
| | Years Ended December 31, | |
| | 2006 | | | 2005 | | | Increase (Decrease) | | | Percent Change | |
| | ($ in thousands) | |
Revenues: | | | | | | | | | | | | |
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Online. The increase in online revenue was attributable to a $5.2 million increase in revenue from lead generation offerings due primarily to an increase in software package comparison and webcast sales volumes. The increase also reflects a $2.6 million increase in revenue from branding offerings due primarily to an increase in banner sales volume.
Events. The increase in events revenue was attributable to a $3.0 million increase in seminar series revenue and a $2.2 million increase in custom event revenue. We introduced both custom event and seminar series offerings in 2005 and, therefore, more events associated with these revenue streams were produced in 2006 as compared to 2005.
Print. The decrease in print revenue was attributable to the continued shift of advertising budgets towards online offerings.
Cost of Revenues and Gross Profit
| | Years Ended December 31, | |
| | 2006 | | | 2005 | | | Increase | | | Percent Change | |
| | ($ in thousands) | |
Cost of revenues: | | | | | | | | | | | | |
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Cost of Online Revenue. The increase in cost of online revenue was attributable to a $1.2 million increase in member acquisition expenses primarily related to keyword purchases for 2020software.com, which we acquired in May 2006. The increase also reflects a $857,000 increase in salaries and benefits primarily related to an increase in average headcount of 19 employees in our online editorial and operations organizations, as well as increases in employee compensation. We increased headcount to support the increase in online revenue volume and to provide additional editorial content.
Cost of Events Revenue. The increase in cost of events revenue was primarily attributable to a $801,000 increase in salaries and benefits primarily related to an increase in average headcount of 20 employees in our event organizations, as well as increases in employee compensation. We increased headcount to support the increase in seminar series and custom event volume. The increase was offset in part by a decrease in hotel related costs associated with the operation of multi-day conferences.
Cost of Print Revenue. The increase in cost of print revenue was attributable to three additional months of publishing CIO Decisions magazine during 2006 compared to 2005, offset primarily by a decrease in non-compensation related expenses incurred publishing our other two magazines.
Gross Profit. The increase in gross profit reflects a $5.0 million increase in online gross profit and a $4.8 million increase in events gross profit. The increase in online gross profit is attributable to an increase in online revenue at a consistent gross profit percentage. The increase in events gross profit is attributable to an increase in custom event and seminar series revenue at a higher gross profit percentage on these events when compared to 2005. We expect our gross profit to fluctuate from period to period depending on our mix of revenues.
Operating Expenses and Other
| | For the Years Ended December 31, | |
| | 2006 | | | 2005 | | | Increase (Decrease) | | | Percent Change | |
| | ($ in thousands) | |
Operating expenses: | | | | | | | | | | | | |
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General and administrative | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
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Amortization of intangible assets | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
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Interest income (expense), net | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Provision for (benefit from) income taxes | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
* Percent change not meaningful.
Selling and Marketing. The increase in selling and marketing expense was primarily attributable to a $884,000 increase in salaries, commissions, and benefits related to an increase in average headcount of 22 employees in our sales and marketing organizations, as well as increases to employee compensation. The increase in headcount was to support the growth in revenues. The increase also reflects a $606,000 increase in stock-based compensation and a $498,000 increase in travel expense resulting from the growth in sales personnel.
Product Development. The increase in product development expense was primarily attributable to a $369,000 increase in salaries and benefits primarily related to an increase in average headcount of six employees in our product development organizations, as well as increases in employee compensation. We increased our headcount to support the growing number of online offerings and to maintain and upgrade our IT infrastructure.
General and Administrative. The increase in general and administrative expense was primarily attributable to a $553,000 increase in employee compensation and a $491,000 increase in bad debt expense. The increase in bad debt expense was attributable to bad debt expense of $366,000 in 2006 compared to ($124,000) in 2005 due to a reduction in the allowance for doubtful accounts recorded in 2005.
Depreciation. The decrease in depreciation expense was attributable to a change effective January 1, 2006, in the estimated useful life for computer equipment and software from two years to three years to more closely approximate the service lives of the assets placed in service to date.
Amortization of Intangible Assets. The decrease in amortization of intangible assets expense was attributable to intangible assets related to acquisitions in prior years becoming fully amortized, offset in part by the amortization of intangible assets related to our acquisition of 2020software.com in May 2006.
Interest Income (Expense), Net. The increase in interest income (expense), net reflected an increase in interest income attributable to higher interest rates in 2006.
Provision for Income Taxes. We recorded a provision for income taxes in 2006 based upon a 45% effective tax rate. Our effective tax rate increased after the adoption of SFAS No. 123(R) because stock-based compensation is a nondeductible expense in our tax provision. The provision for income taxes is net of an $85,000 deferred tax benefit recorded to revalue our deferred tax assets using a federal tax rate of 35%. The $2.7 million benefit from income taxes in 2005 was primarily attributable to the release of the valuation allowance against our deferred tax assets. In the fourth quarter of 2005, we determined that it was more likely than not that we would generate sufficient future taxable income from operations to realize tax benefits arising from the use of our existing net operating loss carryforwards.
Selected Quarterly Results of Operations
The following table presents our unaudited quarterly consolidated results of operations and our unaudited quarterly consolidated results of operations as a percentage of revenue for the eight quarters ended December 31, 2007. The unaudited quarterly consolidated information has been prepared on the same basis as our audited consolidated financial statements. You should read the following table presenting our quarterly consolidated results of operations in conjunction with our audited consolidated financial statements and the related notes included elsewhere in this prospectus. The operating results for any quarter are not necessarily indicative of the operating results for any future period.
| | For the Three Months Ended | |
| | 2007 | | | 2006 | |
| | Mar. 31 | | | Jun. 30 | | | Sep. 30 | | | Dec. 31 | | | Mar. 31 | | | Jun. 30 | | | Sep. 30 | | | Dec. 31 | |
| | (in thousands, except per share data) | |
Revenues: | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Online | | $ | 13,709 | | | $ | 16,330 | | | $ | 14,687 | | | $ | 18,960 | | | $ | 10,375 | | | $ | 12,812 | | | $ | 12,565 | | | $ | 15,424 | |
Events | | | 2,939 | | | | 6,350 | | | | 6,912 | | | | 8,053 | | | | 2,327 | | | | 5,742 | | | | 5,893 | | | | 5,746 | |
Print | | | 1,697 | | | | 1,924 | | | | 1,702 | | | | 1,402 | | | | 2,209 | | | | 2,163 | | | | 1,809 | | | | 1,947 | |
Total revenues | | | 18,345 | | | | 24,604 | | | | 23,301 | | | | 28,415 | | | | 14,911 | | | | 20,717 | | | | 20,267 | | | | 23,117 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Cost of revenues: | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Online | | | 3,525 | | | | 3,900 | | | | 3,769 | | | | 4,381 | | | | 2,621 | | | | 2,992 | | | | 3,644 | | | | 3,731 | |
Events | | | 1,372 | | | | 2,410 | | | | 2,283 | | | | 2,546 | | | | 1,274 | | | | 1,735 | | | | 1,632 | | | | 1,852 | |
Print | | | 1,129 | | | | 999 | | | | 862 | | | | 798 | | | | 1,407 | | | | 1,423 | | | | 1,385 | | | | 1,124 | |
Total cost of revenues | | | 6,026 | | | | 7,309 | | | | 6,914 | | | | 7,725 | | | | 5,302 | | | | 6,150 | | | | 6,661 | | | | 6,707 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Gross profit | | | 12,319 | | | | 17,295 | | | | 16,387 | | | | 20,690 | | | | 9,609 | | | | 14,567 | | | | 13,606 | | | | 16,410 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Operating expenses: | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Selling and marketing | | | 6,152 | | | | 6,388 | | | | 7,271 | | | | 8,237 | | | | 4,432 | | | | 5,191 | | | | 4,932 | | | | 5,750 | |
Product development | | | 1,748 | | | | 1,596 | | | | 1,677 | | | | 2,299 | | | | 1,564 | | | | 1,559 | | | | 1,617 | | | | 1,555 | |
General and administrative | | | 2,610 | | | | 2,943 | | | | 3,364 | | | | 3,675 | | | | 1,791 | | | | 2,084 | | | | 2,126 | | | | 2,755 | |
Depreciation | | | 330 | | | | 364 | | | | 401 | | | | 515 | | | | 218 | | | | 238 | | | | 241 | | | | 447 | |
Amortization of intangible assets | | | 759 | | | | 1,041 | | | | 1,171 | | | | 1,769 | | | | 1,084 | | | | 1,424 | | | | 1,378 | | | | 1,143 | |
Total operating expenses | | | 11,599 | | | | 12,332 | | | | 13,884 | | | | 16,495 | | | | 9,089 | | | | 10,496 | | | | 10,294 | | | | 11,650 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Operating income | | | 720 | | | | 4,963 | | | | 2,503 | | | | 4,195 | | | | 520 | | | | 4,071 | | | | 3,312 | | | | 4,760 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Interest income (expense), net | | | (67 | ) | | | 377 | | | | 897 | | | | 624 | | | | 96 | | | | 42 | | | | (16 | ) | | | 199 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Income before provision for income taxes | | | 653 | | | | 5,340 | | | | 3,400 | | | | 4,819 | | | | 616 | | | | 4,113 | | | | 3,296 | | | | 4,959 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Provision for income taxes | | | 336 | | | | 2,092 | | | | 1,568 | | | | 2,050 | | | | 175 | | | | 1,739 | | | | 1,709 | | | | 2,188 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Net income | | $ | 317 | | | $ | 3,248 | | | $ | 1,832 | | | $ | 2,769 | | | $ | 441 | | | $ | 2,374 | | | $ | 1,587 | | | $ | 2,771 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Net income (loss) per share basic | | $ | (0.28 | ) | | $ | 0.07 | | | $ | 0.05 | | | $ | 0.07 | | | $ | (0.29 | ) | | $ | (0.03 | ) | | $ | (0.16 | ) | | $ | 0.00 | |
Net income (loss) per share diluted | | $ | (0.28 | ) | | $ | 0.06 | | | $ | 0.04 | | | $ | 0.06 | | | $ | (0.29 | ) | | $ | (0.03 | ) | | $ | (0.16 | ) | | $ | 0.00 | |
Seasonality
The timing of our revenues is affected by seasonal factors. Our revenues are seasonal primarily as a result of the annual budget approval process of many of our customers and the historical decrease in advertising activity in July and August. Revenues are usually the lowest in the first quarter of each calendar year, increase during the second quarter, decrease during the third quarter, and increase again during the fourth quarter. Events revenue may vary depending on which quarters we produce the event, which may vary when compared to previous periods. The timing of revenues in relation to our expenses, much of which does not vary directly with revenue, has an impact on the cost of online revenue, selling and marketing, product development, and general and administrative expenses as a percentage of revenue in each calendar quarter during the year.
The majority of our expenses are personnel-related and include salaries, stock-based compensation, benefits and incentive-based compensation plan expenses. As a result, we have not experienced significant seasonal fluctuations in the timing of our expenses period to period.
Liquidity and Capital Resources
| | As of and for the Years Ended December 31, | |
| | 2007 | | | 2006 | | | 2005 | |
| | (in thousands) | |
Cash, cash equivalents and short-term investments | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
Cash provided by operating expenses | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Cash used in investing activities (1) | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Cash provided by (used in) financing activities | | | | | | | | | | | | |
(1) Cash used in investing activities shown net of short-term investment activity.
Cash, Cash Equivalents and Short-Term Investments
Our cash, cash equivalents and short-term investments at December 31, 2007 were held for working capital purposes and were invested primarily in money market accounts, municipal bonds, auction rate securities and variable rate demand notes. We do not enter into investments for trading or speculative purposes.
At March 20, 2008, we held $6.2 million in auction rate securities. Auction rate securities are variable-rate bonds tied to short-term interest rates with maturities in excess of 90 days. Interest rates on these securities typically reset through a modified Dutch auction at predetermined short-term intervals, usually every 1, 7, 28 or 35 days. These auctions have historically provided a liquid market for these securities. In February and March 2008, our investment in auction rate securities of $6.2 million failed at auction due to sell orders exceeding buy orders. Our ability to liquidate our auction rate securities and fully recover the carrying value of our auction rate securities in the near term may be limited or not exist and we may in the future be required to record an impairment charge on these investments. The vast majority of our auction rate securities, including those that have failed, were rated AAA at the time of purchase. We believe we will be able to liquidate our investments without significant loss within the next year, and we currently believe these securities are not impaired, primarily due to the credit worthiness of the issuers of the underlying securities and their ability to refinance if auctions continue to fail. However, it could take until the final maturity of the underlying notes (up to 25 years) to realize its investments' recorded value.
Accounts Receivable, Net
Our accounts receivable balance fluctuates from period to period, which affects our cash flow from operating activities. The fluctuations vary depending on the timing of our service delivery and billing activity, cash collections, and changes to our allowance for doubtful accounts. We use days' sales outstanding, or DSO, calculated on a monthly basis, as a measurement of the quality and status of our receivables. We define DSO as accounts receivable divided by total revenue for the applicable period, multiplied by the number of days in the applicable period. DSO was 55 days at December 31, 2007, 51 days at December 31, 2006 and 46 days at December 31, 2005.
Operating Activities
Cash provided by operating activities primarily consists of net income (loss) adjusted for certain non-cash items including depreciation and amortization, provision for bad debt, stock-based compensation, deferred income taxes, and the effect of changes in working capital and other activities. Cash provided by operating activities for the year ended December 31, 2007 was $13.3 million, compared to $12.3 million and $11.3 million in the years ended December 31, 2006 and 2005, respectively, primarily due to increased profitability.
Investing Activities
Cash used in investing activities primarily consists of purchases of property and equipment and acquisitions of businesses. Cash used in investing activities, net of short-term investment activity, for the year ended December 31, 2007 was $67.9 million and consisted of $64.2 million for the acquisitions of TechnologyGuide.com in April 2007 and KnowledgeStorm in November 2007, net of cash acquired, $2.7 million for the purchase of property and equipment and $1.0 million to acquire certain assets of Ajaxian in February 2007. Cash used in investing activities for the year ended December 31, 2006 was $16.3 million and consisted of $15.0 million for the acquisition of 2020software.com in May 2006 and $1.3 million for the purchase of property and equipment. Cash used in investing activities for the year ended December 31, 2005, net of short-term investment activity, was $1.9 million due primarily to $2.1 million for the purchase of property and equipment.
Financing Activities
Cash provided by financing activities for the year ended December 31, 2007 was $85.8 million. In May 2007, we completed our initial public offering of 8.9 million shares of our common stock, of which 7.1 million shares were sold by us and 1.8 million shares were sold by stockholders of ours, all at a price to the public of $13.00 per share. We raised a total of $91.9 million in gross proceeds from the offering, or $83.2 million in net proceeds after deducting underwriting discounts and commissions of $6.4 million and other offering costs of approximately $2.3 million. In addition, we received proceeds from the exercise of common stock options and warrants of $2.5 million for the year ended December 31, 2007. Cash used in financing activities for the year ended December 31, 2006 was $12.1 million and consisted of net principal payments of $13.0 million towards our bank term loan payable, offset by approximately $892,000 of proceeds from the exercise of common stock options and warrants. Cash used in financing activities for the year ended December 31, 2005 was approximately $2.8 million and consisted of net principal payments of $3.0 million towards our bank term loan payable, offset by $238,000 of proceeds from the exercise of common stock options and warrants.
Term Loan and Credit Facility Borrowings
We previously maintained a term loan with a commercial bank under which we made borrowings net of principal repayments of $3.0 million in 2005. On August 30, 2006, we entered into a credit agreement with Citizens Bank of Massachusetts, which included a $10.0 million term loan and a $20.0 million revolving credit facility. Initial borrowings under the credit agreements were used to pay off the prior principal balance of $22.0 million and provide working capital. As of December 31, 2007, outstanding borrowings under the credit agreements were $6.0 million.
Our revolving credit facility matures on August 30, 2011. Unless earlier payment is required by an event of default, all principal and any unpaid interest will be due and payable on August 30, 2011. At our option, the revolving credit facility bears interest at either the lender's prime rate less 1.00% or the London Interbank Offered Rate, or LIBOR, plus the applicable LIBOR margin. We are also required to pay an unused line fee on the daily unused amount of our revolving credit facility at a per annum rate of 0.25%. As of December 31, 2007, unused availability under our revolving credit facility totaled $20.0 million.
In August 2007, we entered into an amendment to the Credit Agreement. The amendment changes the applicable LIBOR margin from 1.50% to a sliding scale based on the ratio of total funded debt to EBITDA for the preceding four fiscal quarters. As of December 31, 2007, the applicable LIBOR margin was 1.25%.
Our term loan requires the payment of 39 consecutive monthly installments of $250,000 each, plus interest, the first such installment was due on September 30, 2006, with a final payment of the entire unpaid principal balance due on December 30, 2009. In September 2006, we entered into an interest rate swap agreement to mitigate interest rate fluctuation, and fix the interest rate on the term loan at 6.98%.
Borrowings under our credit agreements are collateralized by an interest in and lien on all of our assets and certain other guarantees and pledges. Our credit agreements contain certain affirmative and negative covenants, which require, among other things, that we meet certain financial ratio covenants and limit certain capital expenditures. We were in compliance with all covenants under the credit agreements as of December 31, 2007.
Capital Expenditures
We have made capital expenditures primarily for computer equipment and related software needed to host our websites, internal-use software development costs, as well as for leasehold improvements and other general purposes to support our growth. Our capital expenditures totaled $2.7 million, $1.3 million and $2.1 million for the years ended December 31, 2007, 2006 and 2005, respectively. We expect to spend approximately $3.0 million in capital expenditures in 2008 primarily for website development costs, computer equipment and related software, and internal-use software development costs. We are not currently party to any purchase contracts related to future capital expenditures.
Contractual Obligations and Commitments
As of December 31, 2007, our principal commitments consist of obligations under leases for office space and principal and interest payments due under our bank term loan. The offices are leased under noncancelable operating lease agreements that expire through January 2013. The following table sets forth our commitments to settle contractual obligations in cash as of December 31, 2007:
| | Payments Due By Period | |
| | Total | | | Less than 1 Year | | | 1 - 3 Years | | | 3 - 5 Years | | | More than 5 Years | |
| | (in thousands) | |
Bank term loan payable | | $ | 6,000 | | | $ | 3,000 | | | $ | 3,000 | | | $ | - | | | $ | - | |
Operating leases (1) | | | 8,620 | | | | 3,125 | | | | 4,833 | | | | 662 | | | | - | |
Total | | $ | 14,620 | | | $ | 6,125 | | | $ | 7,833 | | | $ | 662 | | | $ | - | |
(1) | Operating lease obligations are net of minimum sublease payments of $76,000 due under various sublease agreements that expire through July 2008. |
Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements
We do not have any off-balance sheet arrangements.
Recent Accounting Pronouncements
See Note 2 of “Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements” for recent accounting pronouncements that could have an effect on us.
Item 7A. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk
Market risk represents the risk of loss that may impact our financial position due to adverse changes in financial market prices and rates. Our market risk exposure is primarily the result of recent auction failures in the auction rate securities market, fluctuations in foreign exchange rates, and fluctuations in interest rates. We do not hold or issue financial instruments for trading purposes.
Auction Rate Securities Market Risk
At March 20, 2008, we held $6.2 million in auction rate securities. Auction rate securities are variable-rate bonds tied to short-term interest rates with maturities in excess of 90 days. Interest rates on these securities typically reset through a modified Dutch auction at predetermined short-term intervals, usually every 1, 7, 28 or 35 days. These auctions have historically provided a liquid market for these securities. In February and March 2008, our investment in auction rate securities of $6.2 million failed at auction due to sell orders exceeding buy orders. Our ability to liquidate our auction rate securities and fully recover the carrying value of our auction rate securities in the near term may be limited or not exist and we may in the future be required to record an impairment charge on these investments. The vast majority of our auction rate securities, including those that have failed, were rated AAA at the time of purchase. We believe we will be able to liquidate our investments without significant loss within the next year, and we currently believe these securities are not impaired, primarily due to the credit worthiness of the issuers of the underlying securities and their ability to refinance if auctions continue to fail. However, it could take until the final maturity of the underlying notes (up to 25 years) to realize its investments' recorded value.
Foreign Currency Exchange Risk
Our subsidiary, TechTarget Limited, was established in July 2006 and is located in London, England. As of December 31, 2007, all of our international customer agreements have been denominated in U.S. dollars, and aggregate foreign currency payments made by us through this subsidiary have been less than $200,000 during the year ended December 31, 2007. We currently believe our exposure to foreign currency exchange rate fluctuations is financially immaterial and therefore have not entered into foreign currency hedging transactions. We continue to review this issue and may consider hedging certain foreign exchange risks through the use of currency futures or options in the future.
Interest Rate Risk
At December 31, 2007, we had cash, cash equivalents and short-term investments totaling $62.0 million. These amounts were invested primarily in money market accounts, municipal bonds, auction rate securities and variable rate demand notes. The cash and cash equivalents were held for working capital purposes. We do not enter into investments for trading or speculative purposes. With the exception of the market risks associated with the auction rate securities, we believe we do not have any material exposure to changes in the fair value of our investment portfolio as a result of changes in interest rates due to the short-term nature of these investments. Declines in interest rates, however, would reduce future investment income.
Our exposure to market risk also relates to the amount of interest expense we must pay under our revolving credit facility. The advances under this credit facility bear a variable rate of interest determined as a function of the lender's prime rate or LIBOR. At December 31, 2007, there were no amounts outstanding under our revolving credit facility.
Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data
Index to Consolidated Financial Statements
| Page |
|
|
Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm | [ ] |
Consolidated Balance Sheets as of December 31, 2007 and 2006 | [ ] |
Consolidated Statements of Operations for the Years Ended December 31, 2007, 2006 and 2005 | [ ] |
Consolidated Statements of Redeemable Convertible Preferred Stock and Stockholders' Equity (Deficit) for the Years Ended December 31, 2007, 2006 and 2005 | [ ] |
Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows for the Years Ended December 31, 2007, 2006 and 2005 | [ ] |
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements | [ ] |
The Board of Directors and Stockholders
TechTarget, Inc.
We have audited the accompanying consolidated balance sheets of TechTarget, Inc. as of December 31, 2007 and 2006, and the related consolidated statements of operations, redeemable convertible preferred stock and stockholders’ equity (deficit), and cash flows for each of the three years in the period ended December 31, 2007. These financial statements are the responsibility of the Company’s management. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on these financial statements based on our audits.
We conducted our audits in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States). Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the financial statements are free of material misstatement. We were not engaged to perform an audit of the Company’s internal control over financial reporting. Our audits included consideration of internal control over financial reporting as a basis for designing audit procedures that are appropriate in the circumstances, but not for the purpose of expressing an opinion on the effectiveness of the Company’s internal control over financial reporting. Accordingly, we express no such opinion. An audit also includes examining, on a test basis, evidence supporting the amounts and disclosures in the financial statements, assessing the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by management, and evaluating the overall financial statement presentation. We believe that our audits provide a reasonable basis for our opinion.
In our opinion, the financial statements referred to above present fairly, in all material respects, the consolidated financial position of TechTarget, Inc. at December 31, 2007 and 2006, and the consolidated results of its operations and its cash flows for each of the three years in the period ended December 31, 2007, in conformity with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles.
As discussed in Note 2 to the consolidated financial statements, effective January 1, 2006, the Company adopted Statement of Financial Accounting Standards No. 123(R), Share-Based Payment. Additionally, as discussed in Note 2 to the consolidated financial statements, effective January 1, 2007, the Company adopted Financial Accounting Standards Board Interpretation No. 48, Accounting for Uncertainty in Income Taxes – an Interpretation of FASB Statement No. 109.
/s/ Ernst & Young LLP
Boston, Massachusetts
March 21, 2008
Consolidated Balance Sheets
(in thousands, except share and per share data)
| | December 31, | |
| | 2007 | | | 2006 | |
Assets | | | | | | |
Current assets: | | | | | | |
Cash and cash equivalents | | $ | 10,693 | | | $ | 30,830 | |
Short-term investments | | | 51,308 | | | | - | |
Accounts receivable, net of allowance for doubtful accounts of $424 and $580 as of December 31, 2007 and 2006, respectively. | | | 15,198 | | | | 12,096 | |
Prepaid expenses and other current assets | | | 1,962 | | | | 952 | |
Deferred tax assets | | | 2,947 | | | | 1,784 | |
Total current assets | | | 82,108 | | | | 45,662 | |
| | | | | | | | |
Property and equipment, net | | | 4,401 | | | | 2,520 | |
Goodwill | | | 88,326 | | | | 36,190 | |
Intangible assets, net of accumulated amortization | | | 21,939 | | | | 6,066 | |
Other assets | | | 203 | | | | 854 | |
Deferred tax assets | | | 2,910 | | | | 1,355 | |
| | | | | | | | |
Total assets | | $ | 199,887 | | | $ | 92,647 | |
| | | | | | | | |
Liabilities, Redeemable Convertible Preferred Stock and Stockholders' Equity (Deficit) | | | | | | | | |
Current liabilities: | | | | | | | | |
Current portion of bank term loan payable | | $ | 3,000 | | | $ | 3,000 | |
Accounts payable | | | 2,919 | | | | 2,928 | |
Income taxes payable | | | 1,031 | | | | 1,854 | |
Accrued expenses and other current liabilities | | | 2,473 | | | | 1,904 | |
Accrued compensation expenses | | | 2,600 | | | | 2,322 | |
Deferred revenue | | | 3,761 | | | | 2,544 | |
Total current liabilities | | | 15,784 | | | | 14,552 | |
| | | | | | | | |
Long-term liabilities: | | | | | | | | |
Other liabilities | | | 455 | | | | 555 | |
Bank term loan payable, net of current portion | | | 3,000 | | | | 6,000 | |
Total liabilities | | | 19,239 | | | | 21,107 | |
| | | | | | | | |
Commitments (Note 8) | | | - | | | | - | |
| | | | | | | | |
Redeemable convertible preferred stock: | | | | | | | | |
Series A redeemable convertible preferred stock - $0.001 par value; 36,009,488 shares authorized ; 0 and 35,879,971 shares issued and outstanding, liquidation preference of $0 and $30,656 at December 31, 2007 and 2006, respectively. | | | - | | | | 30,468 | |
Series B redeemable convertible preferred stock - $0.001 par value; 51,470,588 shares authorized ; 0 and 51,470,588 shares issued and outstanding, liquidation preference of $0 and $88,296 at December 31, 2007 and 2006, respectively. | | | - | | | | 88,260 | |
Series C redeemable convertible preferred stock - $0.001 par value; 10,141,302 shares authorized ; 0 and 10,141,302 shares issued and outstanding, liquidation preference of $0 and $18,058 at December 31, 2007 and 2006, respectively. | | | - | | | | 18,038 | |
Total redeemable convertible preferred stock | | | - | | | | 136,766 | |
| | | | | | | | |
Stockholders' equity (deficit): | | | | | | | | |
Preferred stock, 5,000,000 shares authorized; no shares issued or outstanding | | | - | | | | - | |
Common stock, $0.001 par value per share, 100,000,000 shares authorized; 41,081,616 and 7,969,830 shares issued and outstanding at December 31, 2007 and 2006, respectively | | | 41 | | | | 8 | |
Additional paid-in capital | | | 209,773 | | | | - | |
Warrants | | | 13 | | | | 105 | |
Accumulated other comprehensive loss | | | (102 | ) | | | (56 | ) |
Accumulated deficit | | | (29,077 | ) | | | (65,283 | ) |
Total stockholders' equity (deficit) | | | 180,648 | | | | (65,226 | ) |
| | | | | | | | |
Total liabilities, redeemable convertible preferred stock and stockholders' equity (deficit) | | $ | 199,887 | | | $ | 92,647 | |
See accompanying notes.
Consolidated Statements of Operations
(in thousands, except share and per share data)
| | For the Years Ended December 31, | |
| | 2007 | | | 2006 | | | 2005 | |
Revenues: | | | | | | | | | |
Online | | $ | 63,686 | | | $ | 51,176 | | | $ | 43,662 | |
Events | | | 24,254 | | | | 19,708 | | | | 14,595 | |
Print | | | 6,725 | | | | 8,128 | | | | 8,489 | |
Total revenues | | | 94,665 | | | | 79,012 | | | | 66,746 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
Cost of revenues: | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Online (1) | | | 15,575 | | | | 12,988 | | | | 10,476 | |
Events (1) | | | 8,611 | | | | 6,493 | | | | 6,202 | |
Print (1) | | | 3,788 | | | | 5,339 | | | | 5,322 | |
Total cost of revenues | | | 27,974 | | | | 24,820 | | | | 22,000 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
Gross profit | | | 66,691 | | | | 54,192 | | | | 44,746 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
Operating expenses: | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Selling and marketing (1) | | | 28,048 | | | | 20,305 | | | | 18,174 | |
Product development (1) | | | 7,320 | | | | 6,295 | | | | 5,756 | |
General and administrative (1) | | | 12,592 | | | | 8,756 | | | | 7,617 | |
Depreciation | | | 1,610 | | | | 1,144 | | | | 1,792 | |
Amortization of intangible assets | | | 4,740 | | | | 5,029 | | | | 5,172 | |
Total operating expenses | | | 54,310 | | | | 41,529 | | | | 38,511 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
Operating income | | | 12,381 | | | | 12,663 | | | | 6,235 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
Interest income (expense): | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Interest income | | | 2,815 | | | | 1,613 | | | | 1,219 | |
Interest expense | | | (984 | ) | | | (1,292 | ) | | | (1,249 | ) |
Total interest income (expense) | | | 1,831 | | | | 321 | | | | (30 | ) |
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
Income before provision for (benefit from) income taxes | | | 14,212 | | | | 12,984 | | | | 6,205 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
Provision for (benefit from) income taxes | | | 6,046 | | | | 5,811 | | | | (2,681 | ) |
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
Net income | | $ | 8,166 | | | $ | 7,173 | | | $ | 8,886 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
Net income (loss) per common share: | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Basic | | $ | 0.15 | | | $ | (0.46 | ) | | $ | (0.24 | ) |
Diluted | | $ | 0.13 | | | $ | (0.46 | ) | | $ | (0.24 | ) |
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
Weighted average common shares outstanding: | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Basic | | | 28,384,303 | | | | 7,824,374 | | | | 7,370,680 | |
Diluted | | | 31,346,738 | | | | 7,824,374 | | | | 7,370,680 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
(1) Amounts include stock-based compensation expense as follows: | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Cost of online revenue | | $ | 189 | | | $ | 87 | | | $ | - | |
Cost of events revenue | | | 53 | | | | 31 | | | | - | |
Cost of print revenue | | | 15 | | | | 12 | | | | - | |
Selling and marketing | | | 2,999 | | | | 606 | | | | - | |
Product development | | | 334 | | | | 90 | | | | - | |
General and administrative | | | 2,244 | | | | 424 | | | | 78 | |
See accompanying notes.
Consolidated Statements of Redeemable Convertible Preferred Stock and Stockholders' Equity (Deficit)
(in thousands, except share and per share data)
| | Redeemable Convertible Preferred Stock | | | Common Stock | | | Treasury Stock | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | Number of Shares | | Redemption Value | | | Number of Shares | | | $0.001 Par Value | | | Number of Shares | | | Value | | | Additional Paid-In Capital | | | Warrants | | | Deferred Compensation | | | Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss) | | | Accumulated Deficit | | | Total Stockholders' Equity (Deficit) | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Balance, December 31, 2004 | | | 97,491,861 | | | $ | 115,383 | | | | 8,108,248 | | | $ | 8 | | | | 836,010 | | | $ | (4,548 | ) | | $ | - | | | $ | 364 | | | $ | (33 | ) | | $ | - | | | $ | (58,095 | ) | | $ | (62,304 | ) |
Accretion of redeemable convertible preferred stock | | | | | | | 10,621 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | (10,621 | ) | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | (10,621 | ) |
Issuance of common stock from stock options | | | | | | | | | | | 141,725 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | 238 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | 238 | |
Deferred compensation related to nonqualified stock options | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | 73 | | | | | | | | (73 | ) | | | | | | | | | | | - | |
Amortization of deferred compensation | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | 78 | | | | | | | | | | | | 78 | |
Reclassification from additional paid-in capital to accumulated deficit | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | 10,310 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | (10,310 | ) | | | - | |
Net income | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | 8,886 | | | | 8,886 | |
Balance, December 31, 2005 | | | 97,491,861 | | | $ | 126,004 | | | | 8,249,973 | | | $ | 8 | | | | 836,010 | | | $ | (4,548 | ) | | $ | - | | | $ | 364 | | | $ | (28 | ) | | $ | - | | | $ | (59,519 | ) | | $ | (63,723 | ) |
Accretion of redeemable convertible preferred stock | | | | | | | 10,762 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | (10,762 | ) | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | (10,762 | ) |
Issuance of common stock from warrants and stock options | | | | | | | | | | | 555,867 | | | | 1 | | | | | | | | | | | | 1,150 | | | | (259 | ) | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | 892 | |
Retirement of treasury stock | | | | | | | | | | | (836,010 | ) | | | (1 | ) | | | (836,010 | ) | | | 4,548 | | | | (4,547 | ) | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - | |
Amortization of deferred compensation | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | 28 | | | | | | | | | | | | 28 | |
Stock-based compensation expense | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | 1,222 | | | | 1,222 | |
Reclassification from additional paid-in capital to accumulated deficit | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | 14,159 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | (14,159 | ) | | | - | |
Comprehensive income: | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Change in fair value of interest rate swap | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | (56 | ) | | | | | | | (56 | ) |
Net income | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - | | | | 7,173 | | | | 7,173 | |
Comprehensive income | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | 7,117 | |
Balance, December 31, 2006 | | | 97,491,861 | | | $ | 136,766 | | | | 7,969,830 | | | $ | 8 | | | | - | | | $ | - | | | $ | - | | | $ | 105 | | | $ | - | | | $ | (56 | ) | | $ | (65,283 | ) | | $ | (65,226 | ) |
Accretion of redeemable convertible preferred stock | | | | | | | 2,613 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | (2,613 | ) | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - | | | | (2,613 | ) |
Reclassification from additional paid-in capital to accumulated deficit prior to initial public offering | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | 2,492 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | (2,492 | ) | | | - | |
Conversion of redeemable convertible preferred stock to common stock | | | (97,491,861 | ) | | | (139,379 | ) | | | 24,372,953 | | | | 24 | | | | | | | | | | | | 108,822 | | | | 356 | | | | | | | | | | | | 30,532 | | | | 139,734 | |
Sale of common stock in initial public offering, net of issuance costs | | | | | | | | | | | 7,072,097 | | | | 7 | | | | | | | | | | | | 83,154 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | 83,161 | |
Issuance of common stock from warrants, stock options and restricted stock awards | | | | 1,306,916 | | | | 2 | | | | | | | | | | | | 2,862 | | | | (398 | ) | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | 2,466 | |
Issuance of common stock to acquire KnowledgeStorm | | | | | | | | | | | 359,820 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | 6,000 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | 6,000 | |
Excess tax benefit - stock options | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | 3,222 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | 3,222 | |
Reclassification of preferred stock warrants to other liabilities | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - | | | | (50 | ) | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | (50 | ) |
Stock-based compensation expense | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | 5,834 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | 5,834 | |
Comprehensive income: | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Change in fair value of interest rate swap | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | (46 | ) | | | | | | | (46 | ) |
Net income | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | 8,166 | | | | 8,166 | |
Comprehensive income | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | 8,120 | |
Balance, December 31, 2007 | | | - | | | $ | - | | | | 41,081,616 | | | $ | 41 | | | | - | | | $ | - | | | $ | 209,773 | | | $ | 13 | | | $ | - | | | $ | (102 | ) | | $ | (29,077 | ) | | $ | 180,648 | |
See accompanying notes.Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows
(in thousands)
| | For the Years Ended December 31, | |
| | 2007 | | | 2006 | | | 2005 | |
| | | | | | | | | |
Operating Activities: | | | | | | | | | |
Net income | | $ | 8,166 | | | $ | 7,173 | | | $ | 8,886 | |
Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided by operating activities: | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Depreciation and amortization | | | 6,350 | | | | 6,173 | | | | 6,964 | |
Provision for bad debt | | | 78 | | | | 366 | | | | (124 | ) |
Stock-based compensation | | | 5,834 | | | | 1,250 | | | | 78 | |
Non-cash interest expense | | | 312 | | | | 92 | | | | 24 | |
Deferred tax benefit | | | (921 | ) | | | 174 | | | | (2,995 | ) |
Excess tax benefit - stock options | | | (3,126 | ) | | | - | | | | - | |
Changes in operating assets and liabilities, net of businesses acquired: | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Accounts receivable | | | (1,985 | ) | | | (3,247 | ) | | | 1,161 | |
Prepaid expenses and other current assets | | | 1,703 | | | | (39 | ) | | | (300 | ) |
Other assets | | | 686 | | | | (774 | ) | | | (83 | ) |
Accounts payable | | | (246 | ) | | | (741 | ) | | | 1,204 | |
Income taxes payable | | | (181 | ) | | | 1,539 | | | | 315 | |
Accrued expenses and other current liabilities | | | (855 | ) | | | 399 | | | | 30 | |
Accrued compensation expenses | | | (2,729 | ) | | | 446 | | | | (2,305 | ) |
Deferred revenue | | | 373 | | | | (418 | ) | | | (1,642 | ) |
Other liabilities | | | (157 | ) | | | (54 | ) | | | 122 | |
Net cash provided by operating activities | | | 13,302 | | | | 12,339 | | | | 11,335 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
Investing activities: | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Purchases of property and equipment, and other assets | | | (2,709 | ) | | | (1,263 | ) | | | (2,141 | ) |
Purchases of short-term investments | | | (354,729 | ) | | | - | | | | - | |
Proceeds from sales and maturities of short-term investments | | | 303,421 | | | | - | | | | 33,000 | |
Proceeds from sale of assets | | | - | | | | - | | | | 233 | |
Acquisition of assets | | | (1,013 | ) | | | - | | | | - | |
Acquisition of businesses, net of cash acquired | | | (64,162 | ) | | | (15,017 | ) | | | - | |
Net cash (used in) provided by investing activities | | | (119,192 | ) | | | (16,280 | ) | | | 31,092 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
Financing activities: | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Proceeds from revolving credit facility | | | 12,000 | | | | - | | | | - | |
Payments made on revolving credit facility | | | (12,000 | ) | | | - | | | | - | |
Proceeds from bank term loan payable | | | - | | | | 10,000 | | | | - | |
Payments on bank term loan payable | | | (3,000 | ) | | | (23,000 | ) | | | (3,000 | ) |
Proceeds from initial public offering, net of stock issuance costs | | | 83,161 | | | | - | | | | - | |
Excess tax benefit - stock options | | | 3,126 | | | | - | | | | - | |
Proceeds from exercise of warrants and stock options | | | 2,466 | | | | 892 | | | | 238 | |
Net cash provided by (used in) financing activities | | | 85,753 | | | | (12,108 | ) | | | (2,762 | ) |
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
Net increase (decrease) in cash and cash equivalents | | | (20,137 | ) | | | (16,049 | ) | | | 39,665 | |
Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of period | | | 30,830 | | | | 46,879 | | | | 7,214 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
Cash and cash equivalents at end of period | | $ | 10,693 | | | $ | 30,830 | | | $ | 46,879 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
Supplemental disclosure of cash flow information: | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Cash paid for interest | | $ | 620 | | | $ | 1,286 | | | $ | 1,192 | |
Cash paid for taxes | | $ | 4,484 | | | $ | 4,165 | | | $ | - | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
Supplemental disclosure of non-cash investing activities: | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Issuance of common stock in connection with KnowledgeStorm acquisition | | $ | 6,000 | | | $ | - | | | $ | - | |
See accompanying notes.
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
Years Ended December 31, 2007, 2006 and 2005
(In thousands, except share and per share data)
1. Organization and Operations
TechTarget, Inc. (the Company) is a leading provider of specialized online content that brings together buyers and sellers of corporate information technology, or IT, products. The Company sells customized marketing programs that enable IT vendors to reach corporate IT decision makers who are actively researching specific IT purchases.
The Company’s integrated content platform consists of a network of approximately 50 websites that are complemented with targeted in-person events and two specialized IT magazines. Throughout all stages of the purchase decision process, these content offerings meet IT professionals' needs for expert, peer and IT vendor information, and provide a platform on which IT vendors can launch targeted marketing campaigns that generate measurable, high return on investment (ROI). As IT professionals have become increasingly specialized, they have come to rely on our sector-specific websites for purchasing decision support. The Company’s content enables IT professionals to navigate the complex and rapidly changing IT landscape where purchasing decisions can have significant financial and operational consequences. Based upon the logical clustering of users' respective job responsibilities and the marketing focus of the products that the Company’s customers are advertising, content offerings are currently categorized across eleven distinct media groups: Application Development; Channel; CIO and IT Management; Data Center; Enterprise Applications; Laptops and Mobile Technology; Networking; Security; Storage; Vertical Software; and Windows and Distributed Computing.
In May 2007, the Company completed its initial public offering of 8.9 million shares of its common stock, which is more fully described in Note 10 to the consolidated financial statements.
2. Summary of Significant Accounting Policies
The accompanying consolidated financial statements reflect the application of certain significant accounting policies as described below and elsewhere in these notes to the consolidated financial statements.
Principles of Consolidation
The accompanying consolidated financial statements include the accounts of the Company and its wholly owned subsidiaries, which include KnowledgeStorm, Inc., Bitpipe, Inc., TechTarget Securities Corporation and TechTarget, Ltd. KnowledgeStorm, Inc. was acquired by the Company on November 6, 2007 and is a leading online search resource providing vendor generated content targeted toward corporate IT professionals. Bitpipe, Inc. is a leading provider of in-depth IT content including white papers, product literature, and case studies from IT vendors. TechTarget Securities Corporation is a Massachusetts Securities Corporation incorporated in 2004. TechTarget, Ltd. is a subsidiary doing business principally in the United Kingdom. All significant intercompany accounts and transactions have been eliminated in consolidation.
Use of Estimates
The preparation of financial statements in conformity with U.S. accounting principles generally accepted requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosures of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. Actual results could differ from those estimates.
Revenue Recognition
The Company generates substantially all of its revenue from the sale of targeted advertising campaigns that are delivered via its network of websites, events and print publications. Revenue is recognized in accordance with Staff Accounting Bulletin (SAB) No. 104, Revenue Recognition, and Financial Accounting Standards Board's (FASB) Emerging Issues Task Force (EITF) Issue No. 00-21, Revenue Arrangements With Multiple Deliverables. Revenue is recognized only when the service has been provided and when there is persuasive evidence of an arrangement, the fee is fixed or determinable and collection of the receivable is reasonably assured.
Online Media. Revenue for online media offerings is recognized for specific online media offerings as follows:
- | White Papers. White paper revenue is recognized ratably in the period in which the white paper is available on the Company's websites. |
- | Webcasts and Podcasts. Webcast revenue is recognized in the period in which the webcast occurs. Podcast revenue is recognized in the period in which it is posted and becomes available on the Company's websites. |
- | Software Package Comparisons. Software package comparison revenue is recognized ratably in the period in which the software information is available on the Company's websites. |
- | Dedicated E-mails and E-newsletters. Dedicated e-mail and e-newsletter revenue is recognized in the period in which the e-mail or e-newsletter is sent to registered members. |
- | List Rentals. List rental revenue is recognized in the period in which the e-mails are sent to the list of registered members. |
- | Banners. Banner revenue is recognized in the period in which the banner impressions occur. |
The Company offers customers the ability to purchase integrated ROI program offerings, which can include any of its online media offerings packaged together to address the particular customer's specific advertising requirements. As part of these offerings, the Company will guarantee a minimum number of qualified sales leads to be delivered over the course of the advertising campaign. Throughout the advertising campaign, revenue is recognized as individual offerings are delivered, and the lead guarantee commitments are closely monitored to assess campaign performance. If the minimum number of qualified sales leads is not met by the scheduled completion date of the advertising campaign, the advertising campaign is extended, and the Company will defer recognition of revenue in an amount equal to the value of the estimated inventory that will be required to fulfill the guarantee. These estimates are based on the Company's extensive experience in managing and fulfilling these integrated ROI program offerings. Typically, shortfalls in fulfilling lead guarantees before the scheduled completion date of an advertising campaign are satisfied within an average of 45 days of such scheduled completion date.
As of December 31, 2007, substantially all of the integrated ROI program offerings that have guaranteed a minimum number of qualified sales leads have been delivered within the original contractual term. Historically, integrated ROI program offerings have not required a deferral of more than $25,000 in any quarter during 2007, nor has the Company been required to refund or extend payment terms to customers to account for these guarantees. These integrated ROI program offerings represented approximately 35% and 29% of online revenues, and 23% and 19% of total revenues for the years ended December 31, 2007 and 2006, respectively.
Amounts collected or billed prior to satisfying the above revenue recognition criteria are recorded as deferred revenue.
While each online media offering can be sold separately, most of the Company's online media sales involve multiple online offerings. At inception of the arrangement the Company evaluates the deliverables to determine whether they represent separate units of accounting under EITF Issue No. 00-21. Deliverables are deemed to be separate units of accounting if all of the following criteria are met: the delivered item has value to the customer on a standalone basis; there is objective and reliable evidence of the fair value of the item(s); and delivery or performance of the item(s) is considered probable and substantially in our control. The Company allocates revenue to each unit of accounting in a transaction based upon its fair value as determined by vendor objective evidence. Vendor objective evidence of fair value for all elements of an arrangement is based upon the normal pricing and discounting practices for those online media offerings when sold to other similar customers. If vendor objective evidence of fair value has not been established for all items under the arrangement, no allocation can be made, and the Company recognizes revenue on all items over the term of the arrangement.
Event Sponsorships. Sponsorship revenues from events are recognized upon completion of the event in the period that the event occurs. Amounts collected or billed prior to satisfying the above revenue recognition criteria are recorded as deferred revenue. The majority of the Company's events are free to qualified attendees, however certain of the Company's events are based on a paid attendee model. Revenue is recognized for paid attendee events upon completion of the event and receipt of payment from the attendee. Deferred revenue relates to collection of the attendance fees in advance of the event.
Print Publications. Advertising revenues from print publications are recognized at the time the applicable publication is distributed. Amounts collected or billed prior to satisfying the above revenue recognition criteria are recorded as deferred revenue.
Fair Value of Financial Instruments
Financial instruments consist of cash and cash equivalents, short-term investments, accounts receivable, accounts payable, a term loan payable and an interest rate swap. The carrying value of these instruments approximates their estimated fair values.
Long-lived Assets
Long-lived assets consist of property and equipment, goodwill and other intangible assets. Goodwill and other intangible assets arise from acquisitions and are recorded in accordance with Statement of Financial Accounting Standards (SFAS) No. 142, Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets. In accordance with this statement, a specifically identified intangible asset must be recorded as a separate asset from goodwill if either of the following two criteria is met: (1) the intangible asset acquired arises from contractual or other legal rights; (2) the intangible asset is separable. Accordingly, intangible assets consist of specifically identified intangible assets. Goodwill is the excess of any purchase price over the estimated fair market value of net tangible assets acquired not allocated to specific intangible assets.
As required by SFAS No. 142, goodwill and indefinite-lived intangible assets are not amortized, but are reviewed annually for impairment or more frequently if impairment indicators arise. Separable intangible assets that are not deemed to have an indefinite life are amortized over their useful lives using the straight-line method over periods ranging from one to nine years, and are reviewed for impairment when events or changes in circumstances suggest that the assets may not be recoverable under SFAS No. 144, Accounting for the Impairment or Disposal of Long-Lived Assets. The Company performs its annual test of impairment of goodwill on December 31st of each year, and whenever events or changes in circumstances suggest that the carrying amount may not be recoverable. Based on this evaluation, the Company believes that, as of each of the balance sheet dates presented, none of the Company's goodwill or other long-lived assets was impaired.
Allowance for Doubtful Accounts
The Company reduces gross trade accounts receivable by an allowance for doubtful accounts. The allowance for doubtful accounts is the Company's best estimate of the amount of probable credit losses in the Company's existing accounts receivable. The Company reviews its allowance for doubtful accounts on a regular basis and all past due balances are reviewed individually for collectibility. Account balances are charged off against the allowance after all means of collection have been exhausted and the potential for recovery is considered remote. Provisions for allowance for doubtful accounts are recorded in general and administrative expenses.
Below is a summary of the changes in the Company's allowance for doubtful accounts for the years ended December 31, 2007, 2006, and 2005.
| | Balance at Beginning of Period | | | Provision | | | Write-offs | | | Balance at End of Period | |
Year ended December 31, 2005 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Year ended December 31, 2006 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Year ended December 31, 2007 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Property and Equipment
Property and equipment is stated at cost. Property and equipment acquired through acquisitions of businesses are initially recorded at fair value. Depreciation is calculated on the straight-line method based on the month the asset is placed in service over the following estimated useful lives:
| Estimated Useful Life |
| |
Computer equipment and software | |
Internal-use software and website development costs | |
| Shorter of useful life or life of lease |
Property and equipment consists of the following:
| | As of December 31, | |
| | 2007 | | | 2006 | |
| | | | | | | | |
Computer equipment and software | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | |
Internal-use software and website development costs | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | |
Less: Accumulated depreciation | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | |
Depreciation expense was $1,610, $1,144 and $1,792 for the years ended December 31, 2007, 2006 and 2005, respectively. Repairs and maintenance charges that do not increase the useful life of the assets are charged to operations as incurred. Effective January 1, 2006, the Company changed the estimated useful life for computer equipment and software from two years to three years to more closely approximate the service lives of computer equipment and software assets placed in service to date. The change in accounting estimate did not have a material effect on the Company's results from operations for the year ended December 31, 2006. Management does not expect this change in accounting estimate to have a material effect on results of operations in future periods. During 2007, the Company reviewed its fixed assets and wrote off approximately $5.8 million of fully depreciated assets that were no longer in service.
Internal Use Software and Website Development Costs
The Company accounts for website development costs according to the guidance in the EITF Issue No. 00-2, Accounting for Web Site Development Costs, which requires that costs incurred during the development of website applications and infrastructure involving developing software to operate a website be capitalized. Additionally, all costs relating to internal use software are accounted for under Statement of Position (SOP) 98-1, Accounting for the Cost of Computer Software Developed or Obtained for Internal Use. The estimated useful life of costs capitalized is evaluated for each specific project. Capitalized internal use software and website development costs are reviewed for recoverability whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of the asset may not be recoverable. An impairment loss shall be recognized only if the carrying amount of the asset is not recoverable and exceeds its fair value. The Company capitalized internal-use software and website development costs of $950, $659 and $495 for the years ended December 31, 2007, 2006 and 2005, respectively.
Concentrations of Credit Risk and Off-Balance Sheet Risk
Financial instruments that potentially expose the Company to concentrations of credit risk consist mainly of cash and cash equivalents and accounts receivable. The Company maintains its cash and cash equivalents principally in accredited financial institutions of high credit standing. The Company routinely assesses the credit worthiness of its customers. The Company generally has not experienced any significant losses related to individual customers or groups of customers in any particular industry or area. The Company does not require collateral. Due to these factors, no additional credit risk beyond amounts provided for collection losses is believed by management to be probable in the Company's accounts receivable.
No single customer represented 10% or more of total accounts receivable at December 31, 2007. One customer accounted for 15% of total accounts receivable at December 31, 2006. No other customer represented 10% or more of total accounts receivable at December 31, 2006. No single customer accounted for more than 10% of revenue for the year ended December 31, 2007. One customer accounted for 11% of revenue for the year ended December 31, 2006. No other customer accounted for more than 10% of revenue for the year ended December 31, 2006. During fiscal year 2005, no single customer accounted for greater than 10% of the Company's total revenue.
Derivative Instruments
The Company has adopted the accounting and disclosure requirements of Statement of Financial Accounting Standards (SFAS) No. 133, Accounting for Derivative Instruments and Hedging Activities. SFAS No. 133 requires that all derivative instruments be recorded on the consolidated balance sheet at their fair value. In September, 2006, the Company entered into an interest rate swap agreement to mitigate interest rate fluctuations on its variable rate bank term loan, as further described in Note 7. Under SFAS No. 133, the interest rate swap agreement is deemed to be a cash flow hedge and qualifies for hedge accounting using the shortcut method. Accordingly, changes in the fair value of the interest rate swap agreement are recorded in "accumulated other comprehensive loss" on the consolidated statements of redeemable convertible preferred stock and stockholders' deficit. The Company has no foreign exchange contracts, option contracts, or other hedging arrangements.
Advertising Expense
Advertising expense primarily includes promotional expenditures and are expensed as incurred. Advertising expense was $30, $102 and $129 for the years ended December 31, 2007, 2006 and 2005, respectively.
Income Taxes
The Company accounts for income taxes in accordance with SFAS No. 109, Accounting for Income Taxes, which is the asset and liability method for accounting and reporting for income taxes. Under SFAS No. 109, deferred tax assets and liabilities are recognized based on temporary differences between the financial reporting and income tax bases of assets and liabilities using statutory rates. In addition, SFAS No. 109 requires a valuation allowance against net deferred tax assets if, based upon available evidence, it is more likely than not that some or all of the deferred tax assets will not be realized.
In July 2006, the FASB issued Financial Accounting Standards Interpretation No. 48, Accounting for Uncertainty in Income Taxes, (FIN 48), which clarifies the accounting for uncertainty in income taxes recognized in an enterprise's financial statements in accordance with SFAS No. 109. FIN 48 prescribes a recognition and measurement method of a tax position taken or expected to be taken in a tax return. FIN 48 also provides guidance on derecognition, classification, interest and penalties, accounting in interim periods, disclosures and transitions. The Company adopted the provisions of FIN 48 effective January 1, 2007. In accordance with FIN 48, the Company recognizes any interest and penalties related to unrecognized tax benefits in income tax expense.
Stock-Based Compensation
At December 31, 2005, the Company had one stock-based employee compensation plan which is more fully described in Note 11. Through December 31, 2005, the Company accounted for its stock-based awards to employees using the intrinsic value method prescribed in APB Opinion No. 25 and related interpretations. Under the intrinsic value method, compensation expense is measured on the date of the grant as the difference between the deemed fair value of the Company's common stock and the exercise or purchase price multiplied by the number of stock options or restricted stock awards granted.
Through December 31, 2005, the Company accounted for stock-based compensation expense for non-employees using the fair value method prescribed by SFAS No. 123 and the Black-Scholes option-pricing model, and recorded the fair value of non-employee stock options as an expense over the vesting term of the option.
In December 2004, FASB issued SFAS No. 123(R), which requires companies to expense the fair value of employee stock options and other forms of stock-based compensation. The Company adopted SFAS No. 123(R) effective January 1, 2006. SFAS No. 123(R) requires nonpublic companies that used the minimum value method in SFAS No. 123 for either recognition or pro forma disclosures to apply SFAS No. 123(R) using the prospective-transition method. As such, the Company will continue to apply APB Opinion No. 25 in future periods to equity awards outstanding at the date of SFAS No. 123(R)'s adoption that were measured using the minimum value method. In accordance with SFAS No. 123(R), the Company will recognize the compensation cost of employee stock-based awards using the straight line method over the vesting period of the award. Effective with the adoption of SFAS No. 123(R), the Company has elected to use the Black-Scholes option pricing model to determine the fair value of stock-based awards granted.
Comprehensive Income (Loss)
SFAS No. 130, Reporting Comprehensive Income, establishes standards for reporting and displaying comprehensive income (loss) and its components in financial statements. Comprehensive income (loss) is defined to include all changes in equity during a period, except those resulting from investments by stockholders and distributions to stockholders. Other comprehensive income (loss) includes changes in the fair value of the Company’s interest rate swap. For the year ended December 31, 2005, comprehensive income (loss) was equal to the reported net income (loss).
Net Income (Loss) Per Share
The Company calculates net income (loss) per share in accordance with SFAS No. 128, Earnings Per Share (SFAS No. 128). Through May 17, 2007, the Company calculated net income per share in accordance with SFAS No. 128, as clarified by EITF Issue No. 03-6, Participating Securities and the Two-Class Method Under FASB Statement No. 128, Earnings Per Share. EITF Issue No. 03-6 clarifies the use of the "two-class" method of calculating earnings per share as originally prescribed in SFAS No. 128. Effective for periods beginning after March 31, 2004, EITF Issue No. 03-6 provides guidance on how to determine whether a security should be considered a "participating security" for purposes of computing earnings per share and how earnings should be allocated to a participating security when using the two-class method for computing basic earnings per share. The Company determined that its convertible preferred stock represented a participating security and therefore adopted the provisions of EITF Issue No. 03-6.
Under the two-class method, basic net income (loss) per share is computed by dividing the net income (loss) applicable to common stockholders by the weighted-average number of common shares outstanding for the fiscal period. Diluted net income (loss) per share is computed using the more dilutive of (a) the two-class method or (b) the if-converted method. The Company allocates net income first to preferred stockholders based on dividend rights under the Company's charter and then to preferred and common stockholders based on ownership interests. Net losses are not allocated to preferred stockholders.
As of May 16, 2007, the effective date of the Company’s initial public offering, the Company transitioned from having two classes of equity securities outstanding, common and preferred stock, to a single class of equity securities outstanding, common stock, upon automatic conversion of shares of redeemable convertible preferred stock into shares of common stock. In calculating diluted earnings per share for the period January 1, 2007 to May 16, 2007 shares related to redeemable convertible preferred stock were excluded because they were anti-dilutive. In calculating diluted earnings per share for 2006 and 2006 shares related to redeemable convertible preferred stock and outstanding stock options and warrants were excluded because they were anti-dilutive.
Subsequent to the Company's initial public offering, basic earnings per share is computed based only on the weighted average number of common shares outstanding during the period. Diluted earnings per share is computed using the weighted average number of common shares outstanding during the period, plus the dilutive effect of potential future issuances of common stock relating to stock option programs and other potentially dilutive securities using the treasury stock method. In calculating diluted earnings per share, the dilutive effect of stock options is computed using the average market price for the respective period. In addition, under SFAS No. 123(R), the assumed proceeds under the treasury stock method include the average unrecognized compensation expense of stock options that are in-the-money. This results in the “assumed” buyback of additional shares, thereby reducing the dilutive impact of stock options.
A reconciliation of the numerator and denominator used in the calculation of basic and diluted net income (loss) per share is as follows:
| | For the Years Ended December 31, | |
| | 2007 | | | 2006 | | | 2005 | |
Numerator: | | | | | | | | | |
Net income | | $ | 8,166 | | | $ | 7,173 | | | $ | 8,886 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
Accretion of preferred stock dividends | | | 3,948 | | | | 10,762 | | | | 10,621 | |
Total net income applicable to preferred stockholders | | | 3,948 | | | | 10,762 | | | | 10,621 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
Net income (loss) applicable to common stockholders | | $ | 4,218 | | | $ | (3,589 | ) | | $ | (1,735 | ) |
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
Denominator: | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Basic: | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Weighted average shares of common stock outstanding | | | 28,384,303 | | | | 7,824,374 | | | | 7,370,680 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
Diluted: | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Weighted average shares of common stock outstanding | | | 28,384,303 | | | | 7,824,374 | | | | 7,370,680 | |
Effect of potentially dilutive shares | | | 2,962,435 | | | | - | | | | - | |
Total weighted average shares of common stock outstanding | | | 31,346,738 | | | | 7,824,374 | | | | 7,370,680 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
Calculation of Net Income Per Common Share: | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Basic: | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Net income (loss) applicable to common stockholders | | $ | 4,218 | | | $ | (3,589 | ) | | $ | (1,735 | ) |
Weighted average shares of stock outstanding | | | 28,384,303 | | | | 7,824,374 | | | | 7,370,680 | |
Net income (loss) per common share | | $ | 0.15 | | | $ | (0.46 | ) | | $ | (0.24 | ) |
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
Diluted: | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Net income (loss) applicable to common stockholders | | $ | 4,218 | | | $ | (3,589 | ) | | $ | (1,735 | ) |
Weighted average shares of stock outstanding | | | 31,346,738 | | | | 7,824,374 | | | | 7,370,680 | |
Net income (loss) per common share | | $ | 0.13 | | | $ | (0.46 | ) | | $ | (0.24 | ) |
Recent Accounting Pronouncements
In December 2007, the FASB released SFAS No. 141 (revised 2007), Business Combinations, or SFAS No. 141R, which replaces FASB Statement No. 141. SFAS No. 141R establishes principles and requirements for how an acquirer recognizes and measures in its financial statements the identifiable assets acquired, the liabilities assumed, any noncontrolling interest in the acquiree and the goodwill acquired. The Statement also establishes disclosure requirements which will enable users to evaluate the nature and financial effects of the business combination. SFAS No. 141R is to be applied prospectively to business combinations for which the acquisition date is on or after an entity's fiscal year that begins after December 15, 2008. The Company is currently evaluating the potential impact, if any, of the adoption of SFAS No. 141R on its consolidated financial position and results of operations.
In February 2007, the FASB released SFAS No. 159, The Fair Value Option for Financial Assets and Financial Liabilities, and is effective for fiscal years beginning after November 15, 2007. This Statement permits entities to choose to measure many financial instruments and certain other items at fair value. The objective is to improve financial reporting by providing entities with the opportunity to mitigate volatility in reported earnings caused by measuring related assets and liabilities differently without having to apply complex hedge accounting provisions. The Company is currently analyzing the effect, if any, SFAS No. 159 will have on its consolidated financial position and results of operations.
In September 2006, the FASB issued SFAS No. 157, Fair Value Measurements, or SFAS No. 157. SFAS No. 157 defines fair value, establishes a framework for measuring fair value in generally accepted accounting principles, and expands disclosures about fair value measurements. SFAS No. 157 applies under other accounting pronouncements that require or permit fair value measurements, our board having previously concluded in those accounting pronouncements that fair value is the relevant measurement attribute. Accordingly, SFAS No. 157 does not require any new fair value measurements. SFAS No. 157 is effective for financial statements issued for fiscal years beginning after November 15, 2007, and interim periods within those fiscal years. The Company does not expect the adoption of SFAS No. 157 in 2008 to have a material impact on its results of operations or financial position.
3. Acquisitions
KnowledgeStorm, Inc.
On November 6, 2007 the Company acquired KnowledgeStorm, Inc. (KnowledgeStorm), which was a privately held company based in Alpharetta, Georgia, for $51,730 in cash and 359,820 shares of unregistered common stock of TechTarget valued at $6,000, as well as $230 in transaction costs. KnowledgeStorm is a leading online search resource providing vendor generated content addressing corporate IT professionals. KnowledgeStorm offers IT marketers products with a lead generation and branding focus to reach these corporate IT professionals throughout the purchasing decision process. The acquisition of KnowledgeStorm strengthens the Company’s industry leadership position and increases its scale, customer penetration and product offerings for advertisers. Once KnowledgeStorm has been fully integrated, the Company feels that cost savings can be achieved as a result of sales and operating efficiencies from the combined operations. Additionally, the Company anticipates that integration of KnowledegeStorm employees into its workforce will increase its capabilities against product development, product management and search engine optimization and marketing.
The Company applied the guidance included in EITF Issue No. 98-3, Determining Whether a Nonmonetary Transaction Involves Receipt of Productive Assets or a Business, to conclude that the acquisition of KnowledgeStorm constituted the acquisition of a business. In connection with the acquisition, the Company recorded $45,101 of goodwill and $11,620 of other intangible assets related to customer relationships, technology, trade name, customer backlog and non-compete agreements with estimated useful lives ranging from 12 to 108 months. Of the goodwill recorded in conjunction with the acquisition, none is deductible for income tax purposes.
The following table summarizes the estimated fair values of the assets acquired and liabilities assumed at the date of acquisition.
| | As of November 6, 2007 | |
Cash and cash equivalents | | | | |
| | | | |
Property and equipment, net | | | | |
| | | | |
| | | | |
| | | | |
| | | | |
| | | | |
Total liabilities assumed | | | | |
| | | | |
Within approximately thirty days from the acquisition date, the Company’s management completed its reorganization plan to consolidate KnowledgeStorm operations. Liabilities assumed in the acquisition include approximately $627 of involuntary termination benefits payable to terminated employees through May 2008, as well as approximately $111 of costs associated with exiting certain operating leases on office space leased by KnowledgeStorm under noncancelable leases that expire through December 2008. As of December 31, 2007, approximately $616 remained payable under these obligations, all of which is expected to be paid by December 31, 2008.
The estimated fair value of $11,620 of acquired intangible assets is assigned as follows:
| Useful Life | | Estimated Fair Value | |
Customer relationship intangible asset | | | | | |
Member database intangible asset | | | | | |
Trade name intangible asset | | | | | |
Customer order backlog intangible asset | | | | | |
SEO/SEM process intangible asset | | | | | |
Non-compete agreement intangible asset | | | | | |
| | | | | |
| | | | | |
The Company engaged a third party valuation specialist to assist management in determining the fair value of the acquired assets of KnowledgeStorm. To value the customer relationship and backlog intangible assets, an income approach was used, specifically a variation of the discounted cash-flow method. The projected net cash flows for KnowledgeStorm were tax affected using an effective rate of 41% and then discounted using a discount rate of 20.6%. Additionally, the present value of the sum of projected tax benefits was added to arrive at the total fair value of the customer relationship and backlog intangible assets. To value the member database intangible asset, a replacement cost methodology approach was used. The replacement cost of the member database was determined by applying the actual costs incurred to register a new member to the total number of registered members in the acquired database. Additionally, opportunity costs and the present value of the sum of projected tax benefits were added to arrive at the total fair value of the member database intangible asset. To value the trade name intangible asset a relief from royalty method was used to estimate the pre-tax royalty savings to the Company related to the KnowledgeStorm trade name. The projected net cash flows from the pre-tax royalty savings were tax affected using an effective rate of 41% and then discounted using a discount rate of 20.6% to calculate the value of the trade name intangible asset. To value the Search Engine Optimization (SEO)/ Search Engine Marketing (SEM) process intangible asset, a comparative business valuation method was used. Based on an expected life of three years, management projected net cash flows for the Company with and without the SEO/SEM process in place. The present value of the sum of the difference between the net cash flows with and without the SEO/SEM process in place was calculated using a discount rate of 20.6%. Additionally, the present value of the sum of projected tax benefits was added to arrive at the total fair value of the SEO/SEM process intangible asset.
The following pro forma results of operations for the years ended December 31, 2007 and 2006 have been prepared as though the acquisition of KnowledgeStorm had occurred on January 1, 2006. This pro forma unaudited financial information is not indicative of the results of operations that may occur in the future.
| | Years Ended December 31, | |
| | 2007 | | | 2006 | |
| | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | |
Net loss per common share: | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | |
Results of operations for KnowledgeStorm have been included in the Company’s results of operations since the acquisition date of November 6, 2007.
TechnologyGuide, Inc.
On April 26, 2007, the Company acquired substantially all of the assets of TechnologyGuide, Inc. (TechGuide), which was a privately-held company based in Cincinnati, OH, for $15,000 in cash, plus $15 in acquisition related transaction costs. TechGuide is a network of five online websites which includes; Notebookreview.com, Brighthand.com, TabletPCReview.com, DigitalCameraReview.com and SpotStop.com. The websites offer independent product reviews, price comparisons, and forum-based discussions for selected technology products. The acquisition provides the Company with opportunities for growth within the laptop/notebook PC and "smart phone" markets in which it currently does not have a material presence.
The Company applied the guidance included in EITF Issue No. 98-3, Determining Whether a Nonmonetary Transaction Involves Receipt of Productive Assets or a Business, to conclude that the acquisition of TechGuide constituted the acquisition of a business. In connection with this acquisition, the Company recorded $7,035 of goodwill and $7,980 of intangible assets related to developed websites, customer relationships, and non-compete agreements with estimated useful lives ranging from 36 to 72 months.
The estimated fair value of $7,980 of acquired intangible assets is assigned as follows:
| Useful Life | | Estimated Fair Value | |
Developed websites intangible asset | | | | | |
Customer relationship intangible asset | | | | | |
Non-compete agreements intangible asset | | | | | |
| | | | | |
| | | | | |
The Company engaged a third party valuation specialist to assist management in determining the fair value of the acquired assets of TechGuide. To value the websites and customer relationship intangible assets, an income approach was used, specifically a variation of the discounted cash-flow method. For the websites intangible asset, expenses and income taxes were deducted from estimated revenues attributable to the existing websites. For the customer relationship intangible asset, expenses and income taxes were deducted from estimated revenues attributable to the existing customers. The projected net cash flows for each were then tax affected using an effective rate of 41% and then discounted using a discount rate of 22.3% to determine the value of the intangible assets, respectively. Additionally, the present value of the sum of projected tax benefits was added to arrive at the total fair value of the intangible assets, respectively. To value the non-compete agreements a comparative business valuation method was used. Based on non-compete terms of 36 months, management projected net cash flows for the Company with and without the non-compete agreements in place. The present value of the sum of the difference between the net cash flows with and without the non-compete agreements in place was calculated, based on a discount rate of 22.3%.
Results of operations for TechGuide have been included in the Company’s results of operations since the acquisition date of April 26, 2007.
Ajaxian.com
On February 27, 2007, the Company acquired substantially all of the assets of Ajaxian, Inc. (Ajaxian) for a purchase price of $1,013 in cash. Ajaxian is a provider of a website and two events dedicated to providing information and support for the community of developers for “Ajax” (Asynchronous Javascript and XML), a web development technique for creating interactive web applications.
The Company applied the guidance included in EITF Issue No. 98-3 to conclude that the acquisition of Ajaxian constituted the acquisition of assets. The Company did not acquire any tangible assets from Ajaxian. The following table summarizes the estimated fair value of the intangible assets acquired by the Company at the date of acquisition:
| Useful Life | | Estimated Fair Value | |
Customer relationship intangible asset | | | | | |
Non-compete agreement intangible asset | | | | | |
Trade name intangible asset | | | | | |
| | | | | |
| | | | | |
Contingent payments of $150 in May 2008 and $250 in May 2009 are due if certain event revenue and website traffic milestones are met as defined in the purchase agreement. Operating expense will be recorded in the period in which payment of these respective obligations becomes probable under the terms of the agreement.
2020Software.com
On May 3, 2006, the Company acquired substantially all of the assets associated with 2020Software.com (2020Software), which was a privately-held company based in Los Angeles, California, for $15,000 in cash, plus $17 in acquisition related transaction costs. 2020Software is a website focused on providing detailed feature-comparison information and access to trial software for businesses seeking trial versions of customer relationship management, accounting, and other business software. The acquisition provides the Company with an opportunity for growth within segments and in other markets in which it currently does not have a presence, primarily vertical software applications and enterprise markets.
The Company applied the guidance included in EITF Issue No. 98-3 to conclude the acquisition of 2020Software constituted the acquisition of a business. In connection with this acquisition, the Company purchased $397 of accounts receivable, recorded $9,440 million of goodwill and recorded $5,180 million of intangible assets related to customer relationships, customer order backlog and a non-compete agreement, with estimated useful lives ranging from one to five years.
The estimated fair value of $5,180 million of acquired intangible assets is assigned as follows:
| Useful Life | | Estimated Fair Value | |
Customer relationship intangible asset | | | | | |
Non-compete agreement intangible asset | | | | | |
Customer order backlog intangible asset | | | | | |
| | | | | |
| | | | | |
The Company engaged a third party valuation specialist to assist management in determining the fair value of the acquired assets of 2020Software. To value the customer relationship and backlog intangible assets, an income approach was used, specifically a variation of the discounted cash-flow method. The projected net cash flows for 2020Software were tax affected using an effective rate of 40% and then discounted using a discount rate of 20.1% to calculate the value of the customer relationship and backlog intangible assets. Additionally, the present value of the sum of projected tax benefits was added to arrive at the total fair value of the customer relationship and backlog intangible assets. To value the non-compete agreement a comparative business valuation method was used. Based on a non-compete term of 36 months, management projected net cash flows for the Company with and without the non-compete agreement in place. The present value of the sum of the difference between the net cash flows with and without the non-compete agreement in place was calculated, based on a discount rate of 20.1%.
4. Cash, Cash Equivalents and Short-Term Investments
Cash and cash equivalents consist of highly liquid investments with maturities of three months or less at date of purchase. Cash equivalents are carried at cost, which approximates their fair market value. Cash and cash equivalents consisted of the following:
| | As of December 31, | |
| | 2007 | | | 2006 | |
| | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | |
Commercial paper corporate debt securities | | | | | | | | |
Total cash and cash equivalents | | | | | | | | |
As of December 31, 2007, short-term investments consist of municipal bonds, auction rate securities and variable rate demand notes. Auction rate securities are variable-rate bonds tied to short-term interest rates with maturities in excess of 90 days. Interest rates on these securities typically reset through a modified Dutch auction at predetermined short-term intervals, usually every 1, 7, 28 or 35 days. Variable rate demand notes are long-term, taxable, or tax-exempt bonds issued on a variable rate basis that can be tendered by the Company for purchase at par whenever interest rates reset, usually every 7 days. Despite the long-term nature of the stated contractual maturities of these variable rate demand notes, the Company has the intent and, except as discussed below, the ability to quickly liquidate these securities. Auction rate securities and variable rate demand notes are recorded at fair market value, which approximates cost because of their short-term interest rates.
The Company’s short-term investments are accounted for as available for sale securities under SFAS No. 115, Accounting for Certain Investments in Debt and Equity Securities. These investments are recorded at fair market value, which approximates cost, therefore the Company has no realized or unrealized gains or losses from these investments.
Short-term investments consisted of the following:
| | As of December 31, | |
| | 2007 | | | 2006 | |
| | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | |
Variable rate demand notes | | | | | | | | |
Total short-term investments | | | | | | | | |
As of December 31, 2007, auction rate securities have maturity dates that range from 2008 to 2032. Municipal bonds and variable rate demand notes all have contractual maturity dates within one year. All income generated from these short-term investments is recorded as interest income.
At March 27, 2008, the Company held $6.2 million in auction rate securities. Dutch auctions have historically provided a liquid market for these securities. In February and March 2008, the Company’s investment in auction rate securities of $6.2 million failed at auction due to sell orders exceeding buy orders. The Company's ability to liquidate its auction rate securities and fully recover the carrying value of its auction rate securities in the near term may be limited or not exist and the Company may in the future be required to record an impairment charge on these investments. The vast majority of the Company's auction rate securities, including those that have failed, were rated AAA at the time of purchase. The Company believes it will be able to liquidate its investments without significant loss within the next year, and the Company currently believes these securities are not impaired, primarily due to the credit worthiness of the issuers of the underlying securities and their ability to refinance if auctions continue to fail. However, it could take until the final maturity of the underlying notes (up to 25 years) to realize its investments' recorded value.
5. Goodwill
The changes in the carrying amount of goodwill for the years ended December 31, 2007 and 2006, are as follows:
| | As of December 31, | |
| | 2007 | | | 2006 | |
Balance as of beginning of period | | | | | | | | |
Goodwill acquired during the period | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | |
Balance as of end of period | | | | | | | | |
6. Intangible Assets
The following table summarizes the Company's intangible assets, net:
| | | | | As of December 31, 2007 | |
| | Estimated Useful Lives (Years) | | | Gross Carrying Amount | | | Accumulated Amortization | | | Net | |
Customer, affiliate and advertiser relationships | | | 1 - 9 | | | $ | 19,077 | | | $ | (9,140 | ) | | $ | 9,937 | |
Developed websites, technology and patents | | | 3 - 6 | | | | 5,976 | | | | (1,176 | ) | | | 4,800 | |
Trademark, trade name and domain name | | | 5 - 7 | | | | 1,994 | | | | (521 | ) | | | 1,473 | |
Proprietary user information database and Internet traffic | | | 3 - 5 | | | | 4,750 | | | | (174 | ) | | | 4,576 | |
Non-compete agreements | | | 1 - 3 | | | | 1,735 | | | | (582 | ) | | | 1,153 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Total intangible assets | | | | | | $ | 33,532 | | | $ | (11,593 | ) | | $ | 21,939 | |
| | | | | As of December 31, 2006 | |
| | Estimated Useful Lives (Years) | | | Gross Carrying Amount | | | Accumulated Amortization | | | Net | |
Customer, affiliate and advertiser relationships | | | 1 - 5 | | | $ | 11,025 | | | $ | (6,010 | ) | | $ | 5,015 | |
Developed websites, technology and patents | | | 3 | | | | 576 | | | | (400 | ) | | | 176 | |
Trademark, trade name and domain name | | | 5 | | | | 768 | | | | (321 | ) | | | 447 | |
Non-compete agreements | | | 3 | | | | 550 | | | | (122 | ) | | | 428 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Total intangible assets | | | | | | $ | 12,919 | | | $ | (6,853 | ) | | $ | 6,066 | |
Intangible assets are amortized over their estimated useful lives, which range from one to nine years, using methods of amortization that are expected to reflect the estimated pattern of economic use. The remaining amortization expense will be recognized over a weighted-average period of approximately 3.2 years.
Amortization expense was $4,740, $5,029 and $5,172 for the years ended December 31, 2007, 2006 and 2005, respectively.
The Company expects amortization expense of intangible assets to be as follows:
Years Ending December 31: | | Amortization Expense | |
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| | | | |
| | | | |
| | | | |
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| | | | |
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7. Bank Term Loan Payable
The Company previously maintained a term loan and security agreement (the "Bank Term Loan") with a bank. The outstanding balance due under the Bank Term Loan was $22.0 million at December 31, 2005. In August 2006, the Company entered into a credit agreement (the "Credit Agreement") with a commercial bank, which included a $10.0 million term loan (the "Term Loan") and a $20.0 million revolving credit facility (the "Revolving Credit Facility"). Initial borrowings under the Term Loan were used to repay the remaining principal and accrued interest balance of the Bank Term Loan.
The Revolving Credit Facility matures on August 30, 2011. Unless earlier payment is required by an event of default, all principal and unpaid interest will be due and payable on August 30, 2011. At the Company's option, the Revolving Credit Facility bears interest at either the Prime Rate less 1.00% or the LIBOR rate plus the applicable LIBOR margin. The Company is also required to pay an unused line fee on the daily unused amount of its Revolving Credit Facility at a per annum rate of 0.25%. As of December 31, 2007, unused availability under the Revolving Credit Facility totaled $20.0 million.
In August 2007, the Company entered into an amendment to the Credit Agreement. The amendment changes the applicable LIBOR margin from 1.50% to a sliding scale based on the ratio of total funded debt to EBITDA for the preceding four fiscal quarters. As of December 31, 2007, the applicable LIBOR margin was 1.25%.
The Term Loan requires 39 consecutive monthly principal payments of $250, plus interest, beginning on September 30, 2006 through December 30, 2009. As of December 31, 2007, the outstanding balance due under the Term Loan was $6.0 million. There was no accrued interest on the Term Loan at December 31, 2007.
In September 2006, the Company entered into an interest rate swap agreement with a commercial bank to mitigate the interest rate fluctuations on the Term Loan. With this interest rate swap agreement in place, the Company has fixed the annual interest rate at 6.98% for the Term Loan. The interest rate swap agreement terminates in December 2009. Under SFAS No. 133, Accounting for Derivative Instruments and Hedging Activities, the interest rate swap agreement is deemed to be a cash flow hedge and qualifies for special accounting using the shortcut method. Accordingly, changes in the fair value of the interest rate swap agreement are recorded in "accumulated other comprehensive loss" on the consolidated statements of redeemable convertible preferred stock and stockholders' equity (deficit). As of December 31, 2007 and 2006, the fair value of the cash flow hedge was $102 and $56, respectively, and is recorded in other liabilities.
Borrowings under the Credit Agreement are collateralized by a security interest in substantially all assets of the Company. Covenants governing the Credit Agreement require the maintenance of certain financial ratios. The Company was in compliance with all financial covenants as of December 31, 2007.
The future maturities of the Term Loan agreement at December 31, 2007 are as follows:
Years Ending December 31: | | Principal Payments | |
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8. Commitments and Contingencies
Operating Leases
The Company conducts its operations in leased office facilities under various noncancelable operating lease agreements that expire through January, 2013. Certain of the Company's operating leases include escalating payment amounts and are renewable for varying periods. In accordance with SFAS No. 13, Accounting for Leases, the Company is recognizing the related rent expense on a straight-line basis over the term of the lease. Total rent expense under these leases was approximately $1,775, $1,447 and $1,348 for the years ended December 31, 2007, 2006 and 2005, respectively.
Future minimum lease payments under noncancelable operating leases at December 31, 2007, net of minimum sublease rental payments of $76 are as follows:
Years Ending December 31: | | Minimum Lease Payments | |
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Litigation
From time to time and in the ordinary course of business, the Company may be subject to various claims, charges, and litigation. At December 31, 2007 and 2006, the Company did not have any pending claims, charges, or litigation that it expects would have a material adverse effect on its consolidated financial position, results of operations, or cash flows.
9. Stock-based Compensation
Stock Option Plans
In September 1999, the Company approved a stock option plan (the 1999 Plan) that provides for the issuance of up to 12,384,646 shares of common stock incentives. The 1999 Plan provides for the granting of incentive stock options (ISOs), nonqualified stock options (NSOs), and stock grants. These incentives may be offered to the Company’s employees, officers, directors, consultants, and advisors, as defined. ISOs may be granted at no less than fair market value on the date of grant, as determined by the Company’s Board of Directors (the Board) (no less than 110% of fair market value on the date of grant for 10% or greater stockholders), subject to limitations, as defined. Each option shall be exercisable at such times and subject to such terms as determined by the Board, generally four years, and shall expire within ten years of issuance.
In April 2007, the Board approved the 2007 Stock Option and Incentive Plan (the 2007 Plan), which was approved by the stockholders and became effective upon the consummation of the Company’s IPO in May 2007. Effective upon the consummation of the IPO, no further awards will be made pursuant to the 1999 Plan, but any outstanding awards under the 1999 Plan will remain in effect and will continue to be subject to the terms of the 1999 Plan. The 2007 Plan allows the Company to grant ISOs, NSOs, stock appreciation rights, deferred stock awards, restricted stock and other awards. Under the 2007 Plan, stock options may not be granted at less than fair market value on the date of grant, and grants generally vest over a four year period. Stock options granted under the 2007 Plan expire no later than ten years after the grant date. The Company has reserved for issuance an aggregate of 2,911,667 shares of common stock under the 2007 Plan plus an additional annual increase to be added automatically on January 1 of each year, beginning on January 1, 2008, equal to the lesser of (a) 2% of the outstanding number of shares of common stock (on a fully-diluted basis) on the immediately preceding December 31 and (b) such lower number of shares as may be determined by our compensation committee. The number of shares available for issuance under the 2007 Plan is subject to adjustment in the event of a stock split, stock dividend or other change in capitalization. Generally, shares that are forfeited or canceled from awards under the 2007 Plan also will be available for future awards. In addition, shares subject to stock options returned to the 1999 Plan, as a result of their expiration, cancellation or termination, are automatically made available for issuance under the 2007 Plan. As of December 31, 2007 a total of 1,475,768 shares were available for grant under the 2007 Plan.
Stock Options
The Company uses the Black-Scholes option pricing model to calculate the grant-date fair value of an option award. The Company calculated the fair values of the options granted using the following assumptions:
| | Years Ended December 31, | |
| | 2007 | | | 2006 | | | 2005 | |
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Weighted-average grant date fair value per share | | | | | | | | | | | | |
As there was no public market for the Company’s common stock prior to the Company's IPO in May 2007, and limited historical information on the volatility of its common stock since the date of the Company’s IPO, the Company determined the volatility for options granted in 2007 and 2006 based on an analysis of reported data for a peer group of companies that issued options with substantially similar terms. The expected volatility of options granted has been determined using an average of the historical volatility measures of this peer group of companies for a period equal to the expected life of the option. The expected life of options has been determined utilizing the "simplified" method as prescribed by the SEC's Staff Accounting Bulletin No. 107, Share-Based Payment. The risk-free interest rate is based on a zero coupon United States treasury instrument whose term is consistent with the expected life of the stock options. The Company has not paid and does not anticipate paying cash dividends on its shares of common stock; therefore, the expected dividend yield is assumed to be zero. In addition, SFAS No. 123(R) requires companies to utilize an estimated forfeiture rate when calculating the expense for the period, whereas SFAS No. 123 permitted companies to record forfeitures based on actual forfeitures, which was the Company’s historical policy under SFAS No. 123. As a result, the Company applied an estimated forfeiture rate, based on its historical forfeiture experience during the previous six years, of 8.40% in determining the expense recorded in 2006. In 2007, the Company changed the estimated forfeiture rate from 8.40% to 4.00% based on a decrease in its historical forfeiture experience during the previous two years. The Company applied the new forfeiture rate of 4.00% in determining the expense recorded in 2007.
The Company has historically granted stock options at exercise prices no less than the fair market value as determined by the Board, with input from management. The Board exercised judgment in determining the estimated fair value of the Company's common stock on the date of grant based on a number of objective and subjective factors, including operating and financial performance, external market conditions affecting the Company's industry sector, an analysis of publicly-traded peer companies, the prices at which shares of convertible preferred stock were sold, the superior rights and preferences of securities senior to common stock at the time of each grant and the likelihood of achieving a liquidity event such as an initial public offering or sale of the Company. On April 18, 2006, July 25, 2006 and September 27, 2006 the Board granted stock options to purchase an aggregate of 167,000, 9,000 and 4,017,500 shares of common stock, respectively, with an exercise price of $7.36 per share. On October 30, 2006, the Board granted an additional option to purchase 50,000 shares of common stock at $7.80 per share. At the time of these grants, the exercise price was determined by the Board with input by management based on the various objective and subjective factors mentioned above. In addition, for certain stock option grants in 2006, the Company engaged an unrelated third party valuation specialist to assist management in preparing contemporaneous valuation reports to document the fair value of its common stock for income tax considerations.
In connection with the preparation of its consolidated financial statements for the year ended December 31, 2006 and in preparing for the initial public offering of its common stock, management reexamined the valuations of its common stock during 2006. In connection with this reexamination, the Company engaged a valuation specialist to assist management in preparing retrospective valuation reports of the fair value of its common stock for accounting purposes as of July 31, 2006, September 30, 2006 and October 27, 2006. Management believes that the valuation methodologies used in the retrospective valuations are consistent with the Practice Aid of the American Institute of Certified Public Accountants entitled Valuation of Privately Held Company Equity Securities Issued as Compensation. In its retrospective valuations, the Company determined that the fair value of its common stock on July 31, 2006, September 30, 2006 and October 27, 2006 was $6.92, $7.44 and $7.80 per share, respectively. A retrospective valuation for the April 18, 2006 grants was not prepared.
In each retrospective valuation, a probability-weighted combination of the guideline public company method and the discounted future cash flow method was used to estimate the aggregate enterprise value of the Company at the applicable valuation date. The guideline public company method estimates the fair market value of a company by applying to that company market multiples, in this case revenue and EBITDA multiples, of publicly traded firms in similar lines of business. The companies used for comparison under the guideline public company method were selected based on a number of factors, including but not limited to, the similarity of their industry, business model, financial risk and other factors to those of the Company's. Equal weighting has been applied to the valuations derived from the using the revenue and EBITDA multiples in determining the guideline public company fair market value estimate. The discounted future cash flow method involves applying appropriate risk-adjusted discount rates of approximately 17% to estimated debt-free cash flows, based on forecasted revenues and costs. The projections used in connection with this valuation were based on the Company's expected operating performance over the forecast period. There is inherent uncertainty in these estimates; if different discount rates or assumptions had been used, the valuation would have been different.
In order to allocate the enterprise value determined under the guideline public company method and the discounted future cash flow method to its common stock, the Company used the probability-weighted expected return method. Under the probability-weighted expected return method, the fair market value of the common stock is estimated based upon an analysis of future values for the Company assuming various future outcomes, the timing of which is based on the plans of its board and management. Share value is based on the probability-weighted present value of expected future investment returns, considering each of the possible outcomes available as well as the rights of each share class. The fair market value of the Company's common stock was estimated using a probability-weighted analysis of the present value of the returns afforded to its shareholders under each of three possible future scenarios. Two of the scenarios assume a shareholder exit, either through an initial public offering, or IPO, or a sale of the Company. The third scenario assumes operations continue as a private company and no exit transaction occurs. For the IPO scenario, the estimated future and present values for the Company's common stock was calculated using assumptions including; the expected pre-money valuation (pre-IPO) based on the guideline public company method discussed above; the expected dates of the future expected IPO; and an appropriate risk-adjusted discount rate. For the sale scenario, the estimated future and present values for the Company's common stock was calculated using assumptions including: an equal weighting of the guideline public company method and the discounted cash flow method discussed above; the expected dates of the future expected sale and an appropriate risk-adjusted discount rate. For the private company with no exit scenario, an equal weighting of the guideline public company method and the discounted cash flow method based on present day assumptions was used. Finally, the present value calculated for the Company's common stock under each scenario was probability weighted based on management's estimate of the relative occurrence of each scenario. The probability associated with the occurrence of an IPO was increased from 40% in July 2006 to 45% in September 2006 to 50% in October 2006. The probability associated with the occurrence of a sale was decreased from 40% in July 2006 to 35% in September 2006 to 30% in October 2006. The probability of continuing operations as a private company remained constant at 20% in each valuation. The estimated fair market value of the Company's common stock at each valuation date is equal to the sum of the probability weighted present values for each scenario.
The Company has incorporated the fair values determined in the retrospective valuations into the Black-Scholes option pricing model when calculating the compensation expense to be recognized for the stock options granted in July, September and October of 2006. In determining the fair value of the April 2006 grants using the Black-Scholes option pricing model, it was assumed that the fair market value of the common stock was equal to the exercise price of the stock options.
The following table details the effect on net income and net income (loss) per share had stock-based compensation expense been recorded in 2005 based on the fair-value method under SFAS No. 123, Accounting for Stock-Based Compensation.
| | Year Ended December 31, 2005 | |
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Deduct: Total stock-based employee compensation expense determined under fair value-based method for all awards | | | | |
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Pro forma net loss per share: | | | | |
Basic and diluted - as reported | | | | |
Basic and diluted - pro forma | | | | |
A summary of the stock option activity under the Company's stock option plan for the year ended December 31, 2007 is presented below:
| | Options Outstanding | | | Weighted-Average Exercise Price Per Share | | | Weighted-Average Remaining Contractual Term in Years | | | Aggregate Intrinsic Value | |
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Options outstanding at December 31, 2006 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
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Options outstanding at December 31, 2007 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
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Options exercisable at December 31, 2007 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
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Options vested or expected to vest at December 31, 2007 (1) | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
(1) | In addition to the vested options, the Company expects a portion of the unvested options to vest at some point in the future. Options expected to vest is calculated by applying an estimated forfeiture rate to the unvested options. |
During the years ended December 31, 2007 and 2006, the total intrinsic value of options exercised (i.e. the difference between the market price at exercise and the price paid by the employee to exercise the options) was $13,760 and $2,196, respectively, and the total amount of cash received by the Company from exercise of these options was $2,472 and $554, respectively. The total grant-date fair value of stock options granted after the adoption of SFAS No. 123(R) on January 1, 2006 that vested during the year ended December 31, 2007 was $6,223. None of the options granted after the adoption of SFAS No. 123(R) on January 1, 2006 vested during the year ended December 31, 2006.
Unrecognized stock-based compensation expense of non-vested stock options of $18.9 million is expected to be recognized using the straight line method over a weighted-average period of 1.65 years.
Restricted Stock Awards
Restricted stock awards are valued at the market price of a share of the Company’s common stock on the date of the grant. A summary of the restricted stock award activity under the Company's stock option plan for the year ended December 31, 2007 is presented below:
| | Shares | | | Weighted-Average Grant Date Fair Value Per Share | | | Aggregate Intrinsic Value | |
Nonvested outstanding at December 31, 2006 | | | - | | | $ | - | | | | | |
Granted | | | 630,269 | | | | 14.52 | | | | | |
Vested | | | (15,494 | ) | | | 14.78 | | | | | |
Forfeited | | | - | | | | - | | | | | |
Nonvested outstanding at December 31, 2007 | | | 614,775 | | | $ | 14.52 | | | $ | 9,086 | |
Unrecognized stock-based compensation expense of non-vested restricted stock awards of $8.7 million is expected to be recognized using the straight line method over a weighted-average period of 2.05 years.
10. Stockholders' Equity (Deficit)
Shares Authorized
In April 2007, the Board of Directors approved an amendment and restatement of the Company’s Certificate of Incorporation to increase the authorized number of shares of common stock from 44,344,656 to 100,000,000, to authorize 5,000,000 shares of undesignated preferred stock, par value $0.001 per share, and to eliminate all reference to the designated Series Preferred Stock.
Stock Offering
In May 2007, the Company completed its initial public offering (IPO) of 8,855,000 shares of its common stock, of which 7,072,097 shares were sold by the Company and 1,782,903 shares were sold by certain of the Company’s existing shareholders at a price to the public of $13.00 per share. The Company raised a total of $91,937 in gross proceeds from the offering, or $83,161 in net proceeds after deducting underwriting discounts and commissions of $6,436 and other offering costs of approximately $2,340. Upon the closing of the offering, all shares of the Company’s redeemable convertible preferred stock automatically converted into 24,372,953 shares of common stock.
Reverse Stock Split
On April 26, 2007, the Company's board of directors approved a 1-for-4 reverse stock split of the Company's outstanding common stock. The reverse stock split became effective immediately and all common share and per share amounts in the accompanying consolidated financial statements and notes to the consolidated financial statements have been retroactively adjusted for all periods presented to give effect to the reverse stock split.
Warrants
In connection with the Company’s original Bank Term Loan agreement, in July 2001 the Company issued to the lender for the Bank Term Loan (the “Lender”) a fully exercisable warrant to purchase up to 74,074 shares of series A redeemable convertible preferred stock at $0.5411 per share. In connection with an amendment to the Bank Term Loan agreement in April 2002 the Company issued to the Lender an additional fully exercisable warrant to purchase 55,443 shares of series A redeemable convertible preferred stock at a price of $0.5411 per share. Upon the closing of the Company’s IPO in May 2007, these warrants outstanding converted into warrants to purchase an aggregate of 32,378 shares of the Company’s common stock at an exercise price of $2.1644 per share. In 2007, the Lender exercised their warrants to purchase 32,378 shares of common stock using the conversion rights in the warrants. As result of the exercise using the conversion rights, the Company issued 26,740 shares of common stock to the Lender and cancelled the 5,638 shares received in lieu of payment of the exercise price. In connection with an acquisition in May 2000, the Company issued to the seller a warrant to purchase 40,625 shares of common stock at a price of $2.36 per share. The warrant is exercisable immediately and expires on May 10, 2010. In 2007, the seller exercised their warrants to purchase 30,981 shares of common stock using the conversion rights in the warrants. As result of the exercise using the conversion rights, the Company issued 26,024 shares of common stock to the seller and cancelled the 4,957 shares received in lieu of payment of the exercise price. At December 31, 2007 and 2006, there were 9,644 and 73,003 shares, respectively, of the Company’s common stock reserved for the exercise of all warrants.
Reserved Common Stock
As of December 31, 2007, the Company has reserved common stock for the following:
| | Number of Shares | |
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Options outstanding and available for grant under stock option plans | | | | |
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11. Income Taxes
As of December 31, 2007, the Company had U.S. federal and state net operating loss (NOL) carryforwards of approximately $18.1 million and $18.2 million, respectively, which may be used to offset future taxable income. The NOL carryforwards expire through 2027, and are subject to review and possible adjustment by the Internal Revenue Service. The Internal Revenue Code contains provisions that limit the NOL and tax credit carryforwards available to be used in any given year in the event of certain changes in the ownership interests of significant stockholders. The federal NOL carry forwards of $18.1 million available at December 31, 2007 were acquired from KnowledgeStorm and are subject to limitations on their use in future years.
The income tax provision (benefit) for the years ended December 31, 2007, 2006 and 2005 consisted of the following:
| | Years Ended December 31, | |
| | 2007 | | | 2006 | | | 2005 | |
Current: | | | | | | | | | |
Federal | | $ | 5,321 | | | $ | 4,321 | | | $ | 248 | |
State | | | 1,646 | | | | 1,316 | | | | 67 | |
Total current | | | 6,967 | | | | 5,637 | | | | 315 | |
Deferred: | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Federal | | | (720 | ) | | | 185 | | | | (2,553 | ) |
State | | | (201 | ) | | | (11 | ) | | | (443 | ) |
Total deferred | | | (921 | ) | | | 174 | | | | (2,996 | ) |
| | $ | 6,046 | | | $ | 5,811 | | | $ | (2,681 | ) |
The income tax provision (benefit) for the years ended December 31, 2007, 2006 and 2005 differs from the amounts computed by applying the statutory federal income tax rate to the consolidated income (loss) before income taxes as follows:
| | Years Ended December 31, | |
| | 2007 | | | 2006 | | | 2005 | |
Provision (benefit) computed at statutory rate | | $ | 4,974 | | | $ | 4,544 | | | $ | 2,120 | |
Increase (reduction) resulting from: | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Valuation allowance | | | - | | | | - | | | | (4,497 | ) |
Tax exempt interest income | | | (712 | ) | | | - | | | | - | |
Stock-based compensation | | | 624 | | | | 427 | | | | - | |
Other nondeductible expenses | | | 208 | | | | 88 | | | | 72 | |
State income tax provision (benefit) | | | 939 | | | | 849 | | | | (376 | ) |
Other | | | 13 | | | | (97 | ) | | | - | |
Provision for (benefit from) income taxes | | $ | 6,046 | | | $ | 5,811 | | | $ | (2,681 | ) |
Significant components of the Company's net deferred tax assets and liabilities are as follows:
| | As of December 31, | |
| | 2007 | | | 2006 | |
Deferred tax assets: | | | | | | |
Net operating loss carryforwards | | $ | 7,429 | | | $ | 1,331 | |
Intangible asset amortization | | | - | | | | 671 | |
Purchase price adjustments | | | 152 | | | | 101 | |
Accruals and allowances | | | 463 | | | | 352 | |
Depreciation | | | 90 | | | | 257 | |
Stock-based compensation | | | 1,503 | | | | 223 | |
Deferred rent expense | | | 144 | | | | 204 | |
Gross deferred tax assets | | | 9,781 | | | | 3,139 | |
Less valuation allowance | | | (940 | ) | | | - | |
Total deferred tax assets | | | 8,841 | | | | 3,139 | |
Deferred tax liabilities: | | | | | | | | |
Intangible asset amortization | | | (2,984 | ) | | | - | |
Total deferred tax liabilities | | | (2,984 | ) | | | - | |
Net deferred tax assets | | $ | 5,857 | | | $ | 3,139 | |
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As reported: | | | | | | | | |
Current deferred tax assets | | $ | 2,947 | | | $ | 1,784 | |
Non-current deferred tax assets | | | 2,910 | | | | 1,355 | |
Total deferred tax assets | | $ | 5,857 | | | $ | 3,139 | |
In evaluating the ability to realize the net deferred tax asset, the Company considers all available evidence, both positive and negative, including past operating results, the existence of cumulative losses in the most recent fiscal years, tax planning strategies that are prudent, and feasible and forecasts of future taxable income. In considering sources of future taxable income, the Company makes certain assumptions and judgments that are based on the plans and estimates that are used to manage the underlying business of the Company. Changes in the Company's assumptions and estimates may materially impact income tax expense for the period. In 2005, the Company reversed a $6,751 valuation allowance because management determined that sufficient positive evidence existed to conclude that it was more likely than not that the Company would be able to realize its deferred tax assets. This conclusion was based on the Company's operating performance over the previous few years and its operating plans for the foreseeable future. The valuation allowance of $940 at December 31, 2007 relates to state deferred tax assets acquired from KnowledgeStorm that the Company determined were not likely to be realized based on projections of future taxable income in Georgia. To the extent realization of the state deferred tax assets becomes probable, recognition of these acquired tax benefits would reduce goodwill.
The Company adopted the provisions of FIN 48, an interpretation of SFAS No. 109, Accounting for Income Taxes, on January 1, 2007. FIN 48 clarifies the accounting for uncertainty in income taxes recognized in an enterprise’s financial statements in accordance with SFAS No. 109 and prescribes a recognition threshold and measurement process for financial statement recognition and measurement of a tax position taken or expected to be taken in a tax return. FIN 48 also provides guidance on de-recognition, classification, interest and penalties, accounting in interim periods, disclosure and transition. At the adoption date and as of December 31, 2007, the Company had no material unrecognized tax benefits and no adjustments to liabilities or operations were required.
The Company may from time to time be assessed interest or penalties by major tax jurisdictions. The Company recognizes interest and penalties related to uncertain tax positions in income tax expense. No interest and penalties have been recognized by the Company to date.
Tax years 2004 through 2007 are subject to examination by the federal and state taxing authorities. There are no income tax examinations currently in process.
12. Segment Information
SFAS No. 131, Disclosures About Segments of an Enterprise and Related Information, establishes standards for reporting information about operating segments in annual financial statements and requires selected information of these segments be presented in interim financial reports to stockholders. Operating segments are defined as components of an enterprise about which separate financial information is available that is evaluated regularly by the chief operating decision maker, or decision making group, in making decisions on how to allocate resources and assess performance. The Company's chief operating decision making group, as defined under SFAS No. 131, consists of the Company's chief executive officer, president and executive vice president. The Company views its operations and manages its business as one operating segment.
Geographic Data
Net sales to unaffiliated customers by geographic area were as follows:
| | Years Ended December 31, | |
| | 2007 | | | 2006 | | | 2005 | |
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13. 401(k) Plan
The Company maintains a 401(k) retirement savings plan (the Plan) whereby employees may elect to defer a portion of their salary and contribute the deferred portion to the Plan. The Company contributes an amount equal to 100% of the employee's contribution to the Plan, up to an annual limit of one thousand five hundred dollars. The Company contributed $622, $492, and $482 to the Plan for the years ended December 31, 2007, 2006 and 2005, respectively. Employee contributions and the Company's matching contributions are invested in one or more collective investment funds at the participant's direction. The Company's matching contributions vest 25% annually and are 100% vested after four consecutive years of service.
14. Quarterly Financial Data (unaudited)
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| | 2007 | | | 2006 | |
| | Mar. 31 | | | Jun. 30 | | | Sep. 30 | | | Dec. 31 | | | Mar. 31 | | | Jun. 30 | | | Sep. 30 | | | Dec. 31 | |
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