| Summary of significant accounting policies | Note 3 - Summary of significant accounting policies Basis of presentation and consolidation The Company has prepared the accompanying unaudited condensed, consolidated financial statements pursuant to the rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission and the standards of accounting measurement set forth in the Interim Reporting Topic of the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”). Certain information and note disclosures normally included in annual financial statements prepared in accordance with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles (“GAAP”) have been condensed or omitted, although the Company believes that the disclosures made are adequate to make the information not misleading. The Company recommends that the following condensed, consolidated financial statements be read in conjunction with the consolidated financial statements and the notes thereto included in the Company’s latest Annual Report on Form 10-K. In the opinion of management, all adjustments that are necessary for a fair presentation of the Company’s financial position for the periods presented have been reflected. All adjustments are of a normal, recurring nature, unless otherwise stated. The interim condensed consolidated results of operations are not necessarily indicative of the results that may occur for the full fiscal year. The December 31, 2016 consolidated balance sheet included herein was derived from the audited consolidated financial statements, but do not include all disclosures including notes required by GAAP for complete financial statements. The accompanying unaudited interim condensed consolidated financial statements include the accounts of OpGen and its wholly-owned subsidiaries; all intercompany transactions and balances have been eliminated. The Company operates in one business segment. Foreign currency One of the Company’s subsidiaries is located in Copenhagen, Denmark and uses the Danish Krone as its functional currency. As a result, all assets and liabilities are translated into U.S. dollars based on exchange rates at the end of the reporting period. Income and expense items are translated at the average exchange rates prevailing during the reporting period. Translation adjustments are reported in accumulated other comprehensive income, a component of stockholders’ equity. Foreign currency translation adjustments are the sole component of accumulated other comprehensive loss at June 30, 2017 and December 31, 2016. Foreign currency transaction gains and losses, excluding gains and losses on intercompany balances where there is no current intent to settle such amounts in the foreseeable future, are included in the determination of net loss. Unless otherwise noted, all references to “$” or “dollar” refer to the U.S. dollar. Use of estimates In preparing financial statements in conformity with GAAP, management is required to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and the disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. In the accompanying condensed consolidated financial statements, estimates are used for, but not limited to, share-based compensation, allowances for doubtful accounts and inventory obsolescence, valuation of derivative financial instruments and other liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis, beneficial conversion features of convertible debt, deferred tax assets and liabilities and related valuation allowance, depreciation and amortization and estimated useful lives of long-lived assets. Actual results could differ from those estimates. Fair value of financial instruments Financial instruments classified as current assets and liabilities (including cash and cash equivalent, receivables, inventory, prepaid expenses, other current assets, accounts payable and accrued expenses, deferred revenue and short-term notes) are carried at cost, which approximates fair value, because of the short-term maturities of those instruments. Cash and cash equivalents The Company considers all highly liquid instruments with original maturities of three months or less to be cash equivalents. The Company has cash and cash equivalents deposited in financial institutions in which the balances occasionally exceed the federal government agency (“FDIC”) insured limits of $250,000. The Company has not experienced any losses in such accounts and management believes it is not exposed to any significant credit risk. At June 30, 2017 and December 31, 2016, the Company had funds totaling $243,380, which are required as collateral for letters of credit benefiting its landlords and for credit card processors. These funds are reflected in other noncurrent assets on the accompanying condensed consolidated balance sheets. Accounts receivable The Company’s accounts receivable result from revenues earned but not collected from customers. Credit is extended based on an evaluation of a customer’s financial condition and, generally, collateral is not required. Accounts receivable are due within 30 to 60 days and are stated at amounts due from customers. The Company evaluates if an allowance is necessary by considering a number of factors, including the length of time accounts receivable are past due, the Company’s previous loss history and the customer’s current ability to pay its obligation. If amounts become uncollectible, they are charged to operations when that determination is made. The allowance for doubtful accounts was $24,783 and $26,716 as of June 30, 2017 and December 31, 2016, respectively. No individual customer represented in excess of 10% of revenues for the three months ended June 30, 2017. Revenue earned from two customers represented 10% and 11%, respectively, of total revenues for the three months ended June 30, 2016. No individual customer represented in excess of 10% of revenues for the six months ended June 30, 2017. Revenue earned from one customer represented 10% of total revenues for the six months ended June 30, 2016. At June 30, 2017, no individual customer represented in excess of 10% of total accounts receivable. At June 30, 2016, accounts receivable from one customer represented 20% of the total accounts receivable. Inventory Inventories are valued using the first-in, first-out method and stated at the lower of cost or market and consist of the following:
June 30, 2017
December 31, 2016
Raw materials and supplies
$
329,904
$
479,479
Work-in process
48,185
27,422
Finished goods
200,814
185,467
Total
$
578,903
$
692,368
Inventory includes reagents and components for QuickFISH and PNA FISH kit products, and reagents and supplies used for the Company’s laboratory services. Inventory reserves for obsolescence and expirations were $148,160 and $704,516 at June 30, 2017 and December 31, 2016, respectively. The primary driver of the decrease in the inventory reserves for obsolescence and expirations is the disposal of legacy Argus Whole Genome Mapping Systems and the portion of the reagents and supplies used for Argus consumable kits. All items disposed in the six months ended June 30, 2017 related to Argus were fully reserved for as of December 31, 2016. Long-lived assets Property and equipment Property and equipment is reviewed for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of an asset may not be recoverable. Recoverability of assets to be held and used is measured by a comparison of the carrying amount of an asset to future undiscounted net cash flows expected to be generated by the asset. Recoverability measurement and estimating of undiscounted cash flows is done at the lowest possible level for which we can identify assets. If such assets are considered to be impaired, impairment is recognized as the amount by which the carrying amount of assets exceeds the fair value of the assets. During the three and six months ended June 30, 2017 and 2016, the Company determined that its property and equipment was not impaired. Intangible assets and goodwill Intangible assets and goodwill as of June 30, 2017 consist of finite-lived intangible assets and goodwill. Finite-lived intangible assets Finite-lived intangible assets include trademarks, developed technology and customer relationships and consisted of the following as of June 30, 2017 and December 31, 2016:
June 30, 2017
December 31, 2016
Cost
Accumulated Amortization
Net Balance
Accumulated Amortization
Net Balance
Trademarks and trade names
$
461,000
$
(90,627
)
$
370,373
$
(67,575
)
$
393,425
Developed technology
458,000
(128,610
)
329,390
(95,898
)
362,102
Customer relationships
1,094,000
(306,673
)
787,327
(228,529
)
865,471
$
2,013,000
$
(525,910
)
$
1,487,090
$
(392,002
)
$
1,620,998
Finite-lived intangible assets are amortized over their estimated useful lives. The estimated useful life of trademarks was 10 years, developed technology was 7 years, and customer relationships was 7 years. The Company reviews the useful lives of intangible assets when events or changes in circumstances occur which may potentially impact the estimated useful life of the intangible assets. Total amortization expense of intangible assets was $66,954 for each of the three months ended June 30, 2017 and 2016. Total amortization expense of intangible assets was $133,908 for each of the six months ended June 30, 2017 and 2016, respectively. The Company estimates amortization expense related to intangible assets will be $268,000 per year for each of the next five years. Finite-lived intangible assets are reviewed for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of the asset may not be recoverable. If any indicators were present, the Company would test for recoverability by comparing the carrying amount of the asset to the net undiscounted cash flows expected to be generated from the asset. If those net undiscounted cash flows do not exceed the carrying amount (i.e., the asset is not recoverable), the Company would perform the next step, which is to determine the fair value of the asset and record an impairment loss, if any. During the three and six months ended June 30, 2017 and 2016, the Company determined that its finite-lived intangible assets were not impaired. In accordance with ASC 360-10, Property, Plant and Equipment Goodwill Goodwill represents the excess of the purchase price paid in a July 2015 merger transaction in which the Company acquired AdvanDx, Inc. and its subsidiary (the “Merger”) over the fair values of the acquired tangible or intangible assets and assumed liabilities. Goodwill is not tax deductible in any relevant jurisdictions. The Company’s goodwill balance as of June 30, 2017 and December 31, 2016 was $600,814. The Company conducts an impairment test of goodwill on an annual basis as of October 1 of each year, and will also conduct tests if events occur or circumstances change that would, more likely than not, reduce the Company’s fair value below its net equity value. Revenue recognition The Company recognizes revenue primarily from sales of its products and services when the following criteria are met: persuasive evidence of an arrangement exists; delivery has occurred; the selling price is fixed or determinable; and collectability is reasonably assured. At times, the Company sells products and services, or performs software development, under multiple-element arrangements with separate units of accounting; in these situations, total consideration is allocated to the identified units of accounting based on their relative selling prices and revenue is then recognized for each unit based on its specific characteristics. Amounts billed to customers for shipping and handling are included in revenue when the related product or service revenue is recognized. Shipping and handling costs are included in cost of products sold. Revenue from sales of QuickFISH, PNA FISH and XpressFISH diagnostic test products Revenue is recognized upon shipment to the customer. Revenue from providing laboratory services The Company recognizes revenue associated with laboratory services contracts when the service has been performed and reports are made available to the customer. Revenue from funded software development arrangements The Company’s funded software development arrangements generally consist of multiple elements. Total arrangement consideration is allocated to the identified units of accounting based on their relative selling prices and revenue is then recognized for each unit based on its specific characteristics. When funded software development arrangements include substantive research and development milestones, revenue is recognized for each such milestone when the milestone is achieved and is due and collectible. Milestones are considered substantive if all of the following conditions are met: (1) the milestone is nonrefundable; (2) achievement of the milestone was not reasonably assured at the inception of the arrangement; (3) substantive effort is involved to achieve the milestone; and (4) the amount of the milestone appears reasonable in relation to the effort expended, the other milestones in the arrangement and the related risk associated with achievement of the milestone. Revenue from license arrangements The Company recognizes revenue from licenses of its technologies over the applicable license term. Revenue from sales of the reagents and supplies used for Argus consumable kits Revenue is recognized for sales of the reagents and supplies used for Argus consumable kits upon shipment to the customer. Share-based compensation Share-based compensation expense is recognized at fair value. The fair value of share-based compensation to employees and directors is estimated, on the date of grant, using the Black-Scholes model. The resulting fair value is recognized ratably over the requisite service period, which is generally the vesting period of the option. For all time-vesting awards granted, expense is amortized using the straight-line attribution method. The Company accounts for forfeitures as they occur. Option valuation models, including the Black-Scholes model, require the input of highly subjective assumptions, and changes in the assumptions used can materially affect the grant-date fair value of an award. These assumptions include the risk-free rate of interest, expected dividend yield, expected volatility and the expected life of the award. Income taxes Income taxes are accounted for under the asset and liability method. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are recognized for the expected future tax consequences attributable to temporary differences between financial statement carrying amounts of existing assets and liabilities and their respective tax basis. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are measured using enacted tax rates expected to apply to taxable income in the years in which those temporary differences are expected to be recovered or settled. The effect on deferred tax assets and liabilities of a change in tax rates is recognized in income in the period that includes the enactment date. A valuation allowance is established when necessary to reduce deferred income tax assets to the amount expected to be realized. Tax benefits are initially recognized in the financial statements when it is more likely than not the position will be sustained upon examination by the tax authorities. Such tax positions are initially, and subsequently, measured as the largest amount of tax benefit that is greater than 50% likely of being realized upon ultimate settlement with the tax authority, assuming full knowledge of the position and all relevant facts. The Company had federal net operating loss (“NOL”) carryforwards of $151.0 million at December 31, 2016. Despite the NOL carryforwards, which begin to expire in 2022, the Company may have future tax liability due to alternative minimum tax or state tax requirements. Also, use of the NOL carryforwards may be subject to an annual limitation as provided by Section 382 of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended (the “Code”). To date, the Company has not performed a formal study to determine if any of its remaining NOL and credit attributes might be further limited due to the ownership change rules of Section 382 or Section 383 of the Code. The Company will continue to monitor this matter going forward. There can be no assurance that the NOL carryforwards will ever be fully utilized. Loss per share Basic loss per share is computed by dividing net loss available to common stockholders by the weighted average number of shares of common stock outstanding during the period. For periods of net income, and when the effects are not anti-dilutive, diluted earnings per share is computed by dividing net income available to common stockholders by the weighted-average number of shares outstanding plus the impact of all potential dilutive common shares, consisting primarily of common stock options and stock purchase warrants using the treasury stock method, and convertible preferred stock and convertible debt using the if-converted method. For periods of net loss, diluted loss per share is calculated similarly to basic loss per share because the impact of all dilutive potential common shares is anti-dilutive. The number of anti-dilutive shares, consisting of (i) common stock options, (ii) stock purchase warrants, and (iii) restricted stock units representing the right to acquire shares of common stock which have been excluded from the computation of diluted loss per share, was 14.3 million shares and 16.3 million shares as of June 30, 2017 and 2016, respectively. The number of anti-dilutive shares stated above excludes shares related to the possible conversion of convertible debt and convertible preferred stock related to the Bridge Financing Note described in Note 6 “Debt” which was subsequently repaid in July 2017. Recent accounting pronouncements In May 2014, the FASB issued guidance for revenue recognition for contracts, superseding the previous revenue recognition requirements, along with most existing industry-specific guidance. The guidance requires an entity to review contracts in five steps: 1) identify the contract, 2) identify performance obligations, 3) determine the transaction price, 4) allocate the transaction price, and 5) recognize revenue. The new standard will result in enhanced disclosures regarding the nature, amount, timing, and uncertainty of revenue arising from contracts with customers. In August 2015, the FASB issued guidance approving a one-year deferral, making the standard effective for reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2017, with early adoption permitted only for reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2016. In March 2016, the FASB issued guidance to clarify the implementation guidance on principal versus agent considerations for reporting revenue gross rather than net, with the same deferred effective date. In April 2016, the FASB issued guidance to clarify the identification of performance obligations and licensing arrangements. In May 2016, the FASB issued guidance addressing the presentation of sales and other similar taxes collected from customers, providing clarification of the collectability criterion assessment, as well as clarifying certain transition requirements. The Company has identified its major revenue streams and it plans on completing formal contract reviews in the second half of 2017. While the Company continues to assess all of the potential impacts of these ASUs, the Company does not expect the implementation of these ASUs to have a significant impact on the Company’s results of operations, financial position and cash flows. The Company will assess the disclosure requirements prescribed by these ASUs in the second half of 2017 and it may be required to expand its disclosures. The Company will assess the method of adoption in the second half of 2017 . In July 2015, the FASB issued accounting guidance for inventory. Under the guidance, an entity should measure inventory within the scope of this guidance at the lower of cost and net realizable value, except when inventory is measured using LIFO or the retail inventory method. Net realizable value is the estimated selling price in the ordinary course of business, less reasonably predictable costs of completion, disposal, and transportation. In addition, the FASB has amended some of the other inventory guidance to more clearly articulate the requirements for the measurement and disclosure of inventory. The standard is effective for reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2016. The amendments in this pronouncement should be applied prospectively, with earlier application permitted. The Company adopted this guidance effective January 1, 2017 on a prospective basis. The adoption of this new guidance did not have a material impact on the Company’s consolidated financial statements. In February 2016, the FASB issued guidance for the accounting for leases. The guidance requires lessees to recognize assets and liabilities related to long-term leases on the consolidated balance sheets and expands disclosure requirements regarding leasing arrangements. The guidance is effective for reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2018 and early adoption is permitted. The guidance must be adopted on a modified retrospective basis and provides for certain practical expedients. The Company is currently evaluating the impact, if any, that this new accounting pronouncement will have on its consolidated financial statements. The Company has evaluated all other issued and unadopted Accounting Standards Updates and believes the adoption of these standards will not have a material impact on its results of operations, financial position, or cash flows. |
