UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
WASHINGTON, D.C. 20549
FORM 10-Q
(Mark One)
x | QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934 |
For the quarterly period ended June 30, 2007
OR
¨ | TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934 |
For the transition period from to
Commission file number: 001-32330
JER INVESTORS TRUST INC.
(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)
| | |
Maryland | | 75-3152779 |
(State or other jurisdiction of incorporation or organization) | | (I.R.S. Employer Identification No.) |
| | |
1650 Tysons Blvd., Suite 1600 McLean, Virginia | | 22102 |
(Address of principal executive offices) | | (Zip Code) |
(703) 714-8000
(Registrant’s telephone number, including area code)
Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:
Title of each class
Common Stock, $0.01 par value
Name of each exchange on which registered
New York Stock Exchange (NYSE)
Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(g) of the Act:
None
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the proceeding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes x No ¨
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer or a non-accelerated filer. See definition of “accelerated filer and large accelerated filer” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act. (Check one)
Large accelerated filer ¨ Accelerated filer x Non-accelerated filer ¨
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act). Yes ¨ No x
As of August 9, 2007, the registrant had outstanding 25,890,035 shares of common stock, par value $0.01 per share.
JER INVESTORS TRUST INC.
FORM 10-Q
INDEX
2
CAUTIONARY STATEMENT REGARDING FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS
This quarterly report on Form 10-Q contains forward-looking statements within the meaning of The Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995. Such statements are subject to various risks and uncertainties, including without limitation, statements relating to the performance of the investments of JER Investors Trust Inc. (the “Company”) and the Company’s financing needs. Forward-looking statements are generally identifiable by use of forward-looking terminology such as “may,” “will,” “should,” “potential,” “intend,” “expect,” “endeavor,” “seek,” “anticipate,” “estimate,” “overestimate,” “underestimate,” “believe,” “could,” “project,” “predict,” “continue” or other similar words or expressions. Forward-looking statements are based on certain assumptions, discuss future expectations, describe future plans and strategies, contain projections of results of operations or of financial condition or state other forward-looking information. The Company’s ability to predict results or the actual effect of future plans or strategies is inherently uncertain. Although the Company believes that the expectations reflected in such forward-looking statements are based on reasonable assumptions, the Company’s actual results and performance could differ materially from those set forth in the forward-looking statements. Factors that could have a material adverse effect on the Company’s operations and future prospects include, but are not limited to:
| • | | changes in economic conditions generally and the real estate and bond markets specifically; |
| • | | legislative and regulatory changes (including changes to laws governing the taxation of real estate investment trusts); |
| • | | availability of capital to the Company; |
| • | | the Company’s ability to obtain future financing arrangements; |
| • | | the Company’s ability to maintain adequate liquidity, including satisfying potential margin call requirements; |
| • | | changes in interest rates and interest rate spreads; |
| • | | changes in generally accepted accounting principles or interpretations thereof; |
| • | | policies and rules applicable to real estate investment trusts; |
| • | | application and interpretation of the rules and regulations of the Investment Company Act of 1940; and |
| • | | other factors as may be detailed from time to time in the Company’s public announcements and Securities and Exchange Commission filings. |
When considering forward-looking statements, you should keep in mind the risk factors and other cautionary statements in this quarterly report and in other reports of the Company filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission. Readers are cautioned not to place undue reliance on any of these forward-looking statements, which reflect management’s views as of the date of this quarterly report. The “Risk Factors” and other factors noted throughout this report could cause our actual results to differ significantly from those contained in any forward-looking statement.
Although the Company believes that the expectations reflected in the forward-looking statements are reasonable, the Company cannot guarantee future results, levels of activity, performance or achievements. The Company is under no duty to update any of the forward-looking statements after the date of this quarterly report to conform these statements to actual results.
3
PART I – FINANCIAL INFORMATION
ITEM 1. | Interim Financial Statements |
JER INVESTORS TRUST INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS
(in thousands, except share data)
| | | | | | | | |
| | June 30, 2007 | | | December 31, 2006 | |
| | (Unaudited) | | | (Audited) | |
ASSETS | | | | | | | | |
Cash and cash equivalents | | $ | 8,497 | | | $ | 143,443 | |
Restricted cash | | | 79,005 | | | | 83,085 | |
CMBS, at fair value | | | 903,475 | | | | 790,203 | |
Real estate loans | | | 551,334 | | | | 287,845 | |
Real estate assets, net | | | 77,076 | | | | 38,740 | |
Accrued interest receivable | | | 10,170 | | | | 8,241 | |
Due from affiliate | | | — | | | | 146 | |
Interest rate swap agreements, at fair value, net | | | 21,324 | | | | 1,136 | |
Deferred financing fees, net | | | 14,806 | | | | 14,684 | |
Other assets | | | 3,302 | | | | 438 | |
| | | | | | | | |
Total Assets | | $ | 1,668,989 | | | $ | 1,367,961 | |
| | | | | | | | |
| | |
LIABILITIES AND STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY | | | | | | | | |
Liabilities: | | | | | | | | |
Notes payable | | $ | 974,578 | | | $ | 974,578 | |
Repurchase agreements | | | 293,287 | | | | — | |
Junior subordinated debentures | | | 61,860 | | | | — | |
Accounts payable and accrued expenses | | | 1,536 | | | | 939 | |
Dividends payable | | | 11,609 | | | | 18,523 | |
Due to affiliate | | | 1,555 | | | | 2,110 | |
Other liabilities | | | 3,834 | | | | 1,830 | |
| | | | | | | | |
Total Liabilities | | | 1,348,259 | | | | 997,980 | |
Stockholders’ Equity: | | | | | | | | |
Common stock, $0.01 par value, 100,000,000 shares authorized, 25,890,035 and 25,757,035 shares issued and outstanding, respectively | | | 259 | | | | 258 | |
Additional paid-in capital | | | 392,113 | | | | 391,872 | |
Cumulative dividends paid/declared | | | (92,179 | ) | | | (69,250 | ) |
Cumulative earnings | | | 65,282 | | | | 45,374 | |
Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) | | | (44,745 | ) | | | 1,727 | |
| | | | | | | | |
Total Stockholders’ Equity | | | 320,730 | | | | 369,981 | |
| | | | | | | | |
Total Liabilities and Stockholders’ Equity | | $ | 1,668,989 | | | $ | 1,367,961 | |
| | | | | | | | |
See notes to consolidated financial statements.
4
JER INVESTORS TRUST INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS (unaudited)
(in thousands, except share and per share data)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | For the Three Months Ended June 30, | | For the Six Months Ended June 30, | |
| | 2007 | | 2006 | | 2007 | | 2006 | |
REVENUES | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Interest income from CMBS | | $ | 20,531 | | $ | 10,846 | | $ | 38,354 | | $ | 20,200 | |
Interest income from real estate loans | | | 10,630 | | | 3,115 | | | 19,379 | | | 6,177 | |
Interest income from cash and cash equivalents | | | 1,564 | | | 1,268 | | | 3,550 | | | 2,935 | |
Lease income from real estate assets | | | 1,404 | | | — | | | 2,777 | | | — | |
Other income | | | 31 | | | — | | | 31 | | | — | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Total Revenues | | | 34,160 | | | 15,229 | | | 64,091 | | | 29,312 | |
| | | | |
EXPENSES | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Interest expense | | | 19,793 | | | 3,914 | | | 35,424 | | | 7,887 | |
Management fees, affiliate | | | 1,850 | | | 1,914 | | | 3,705 | | | 3,836 | |
Incentive fees, affiliate | | | 235 | | | — | | | 387 | | | — | |
Depreciation on real estate assets | | | 206 | | | — | | | 412 | | | — | |
General and administrative | | | 1,975 | | | 1,745 | | | 4,255 | | | 3,138 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Total Expenses | | | 24,059 | | | 7,573 | | | 44,183 | | | 14,861 | |
| | | | |
INCOME BEFORE OTHER GAINS (LOSSES) | | | 10,101 | | | 7,656 | | | 19,908 | | | 14,451 | |
| | | | |
OTHER GAINS (LOSSES) | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Loss on impairment of assets | | | — | | | — | | | — | | | (310 | ) |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
NET INCOME | | $ | 10,101 | | $ | 7,656 | | $ | 19,908 | | $ | 14,141 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Net earnings per share: | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Basic | | $ | 0.39 | | $ | 0.30 | | $ | 0.77 | | $ | 0.55 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Diluted | | $ | 0.39 | | $ | 0.30 | | $ | 0.77 | | $ | 0.55 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Weighted average shares of common stock outstanding: | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Basic | | | 25,695,178 | | | 25,683,409 | | | 25,693,615 | | | 25,682,726 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Diluted | | | 25,720,330 | | | 25,690,170 | | | 25,715,513 | | | 25,687,353 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Dividends declared per common share | | $ | 0.45 | | $ | 0.36 | | $ | 0.89 | | $ | 0.69 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
See notes to consolidated financial statements.
5
JER INVESTORS TRUST INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENT OF CHANGES IN STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY (unaudited)
(In thousands)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | Common Stock | | Additional Paid-in Capital | | | Cumulative Dividends Paid/Declared | | | Cumulative Earnings (Losses) | | Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss) | | | Total | |
| | Shares | | Amount | | | | | |
Balance at December 31, 2006 | | 25,757 | | $ | 258 | | $ | 391,872 | | | $ | (69,250 | ) | | $ | 45,374 | | $ | 1,727 | | | $ | 369,981 | |
Comprehensive income: | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Net income | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | 19,908 | | | | | | | 19,908 | |
Fair value adjustment for effective cash flow hedges | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | 20,190 | | | | 20,190 | |
Amortization of swap termination costs | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | 211 | | | | 211 | |
Unrealized (losses) on securities available-for-sale | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | (66,873 | ) | | | (66,873 | ) |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Total comprehensive income (loss) | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | (26,564 | ) |
| | | | | | | |
Dividends declared | | | | | | | | | | | | (22,929 | ) | | | | | | | | | | (22,929 | ) |
Stock based compensation - restricted share awards | | 133 | | | 1 | | | 244 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | 245 | |
Stock based compensation - stock options | | | | | | | | (3 | ) | | | | | | | | | | | | | | (3 | ) |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Balance at June 30, 2007 | | 25,890 | | $ | 259 | | $ | 392,113 | | | $ | (92,179 | ) | | $ | 65,282 | | $ | (44,745 | ) | | $ | 320,730 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
See notes to consolidated financial statements.
6
JER INVESTORS TRUST INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS (unaudited)
(In thousands)
| | | | | | | | |
| | For the Six Months Ended June 30, | |
| | 2007 | | | 2006 | |
CASH FLOWS FROM OPERATING ACTIVITIES: | | | | | | | | |
Net income | | $ | 19,908 | | | $ | 14,141 | |
Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided by operating activities: | | | | | | | | |
Accretion/ amortization | | | 1,626 | | | | 583 | |
Depreciation on real estate assets | | | 413 | | | | — | |
Impairment on CMBS | | | — | | | | 310 | |
Amortization of debt issuance costs | | | 908 | | | | 315 | |
Compensation expense related to stock awards | | | 242 | | | | 149 | |
Capitalized interest on loans | | | — | | | | (1,204 | ) |
Increase in straight line rent receivable | | | (819 | ) | | | — | |
Changes in assets and liabilities: | | | | | | | | |
Decrease in other assets | | | (1,687 | ) | | | (721 | ) |
Increase in accrued interest receivable | | | (1,929 | ) | | | (975 | ) |
Decrease in due to/from affiliates | | | (409 | ) | | | (1,151 | ) |
Increase in accounts payable and net accrued expenses | | | 2,600 | | | | 1,330 | |
| | | | | | | | |
Net cash provided by operating activities | | | 20,853 | | | | 12,777 | |
| | | | | | | | |
CASH FLOWS FROM INVESTING ACTIVITIES: | | | | | | | | |
Purchase of real estate loans | | | (413,048 | ) | | | (68,081 | ) |
Purchase of CMBS | | | (181,590 | ) | | | (151,227 | ) |
Purchase of real estate assets | | | (38,749 | ) | | | — | |
Proceeds from repayment of real estate loans | | | 150,064 | | | | 38,555 | |
Decrease in restricted cash, net | | | 4,080 | | | | — | |
| | | | | | | | |
Net cash used in investing activities | | | (479,243 | ) | | | (180,753 | ) |
| | | | | | | | |
CASH FLOWS FROM FINANCING ACTIVITIES: | | | | | | | | |
Proceeds from repurchase agreements | | | 473,868 | | | | 44,000 | |
Repayment of repurchase agreements | | | (180,581 | ) | | | — | |
Proceeds from issuance of junior subordinated debentures | | | 61,860 | | | | — | |
Purchase of common equity in JERIT TS Statutory Trust I | | | (1,860 | ) | | | — | |
Dividends paid | | | (29,843 | ) | | | (16,953 | ) |
| | | | | | | | |
Net cash provided by financing activities | | | 323,444 | | | | 27,047 | |
| | | | | | | | |
Net decrease in cash and cash equivalents | | | (134,946 | ) | | | (140,929 | ) |
| | |
Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of period | | | 143,443 | | | | 151,706 | |
| | | | | | | | |
Cash and cash equivalents at end of period | | $ | 8,497 | | | $ | 10,777 | |
| | | | | | | | |
Supplemental Disclosures of Cash Flow Information | | | | | | | | |
Cash paid for interest | | $ | 33,474 | | | $ | 8,150 | |
| | | | | | | | |
Dividends declared but not paid | | $ | 11,609 | | | $ | 9,262 | |
| | | | | | | | |
See notes to consolidated financial statements.
7
JER INVESTORS TRUST INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(Amounts in thousands, except for share and per share data and as otherwise noted)
JER Investors Trust Inc., a Maryland corporation (the “Company”), was formed on April 19, 2004 for the purpose of acquiring and originating a diversified portfolio of commercial real estate structured finance investments. References herein to “we,” “us” or “our” refer to JER Investors Trust Inc. unless the context specifically requires otherwise.
The Company is organized and conducts its operations to qualify as a real estate investment trust (“REIT”) for Federal income tax purposes. To maintain our status as a REIT, among other restrictions and limitations, we are required to distribute at least 90% of our ordinary taxable income to shareholders. Additionally, management believes that the Company conducts its operations so as not to be regulated as an investment company under the Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended in the Investment Company Act. We are not subject to regulation as an investment company under the Investment Company Act because we are excluded from the definition of investment company by Section 3(c)(5)(C) (and Section 3(c)(6) to the extent, we engage in our real estate business through one or more majority-owned subsidiaries). From time to time, we also may not be an investment company because we do not meet the definition of an investment company under the Investment Company Act, including Section 3(a)(1)(C).
Subject to certain restrictions and limitations, the business of the Company is managed by JER Commercial Debt Advisors LLC (the “Manager”). The consolidated financial statements of JER Investors Trust Inc. include the accounts of the Company and its subsidiaries which are wholly owned or controlled by the Company.
2. | SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES |
Basis of Presentation
The accompanying consolidated financial statements have been prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (“GAAP”). All intercompany transactions and balances have been eliminated in consolidation. In preparing these consolidated financial statements, management must make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities, and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities, as of the date of the consolidated financial statements, and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. Actual results could differ from these estimates.
The financial information presented as of June 30, 2007 has been prepared from the books and records without audit. In the opinion of management, the accompanying unaudited interim financial statements contain all adjustments (consisting of normal, recurring adjustments) necessary to present fairly the Company’s financial position as of June 30, 2007 and the results of operations and cash flows for the periods presented. The results of operations are not necessarily indicative of the results that may be expected for the year ended December 31, 2007.
Cash and Cash Equivalents
Cash and cash equivalents include cash, time deposits, and money market funds with an original maturity of 90 days or less when purchased. Carrying value approximates fair value due to the short-term maturity of the investments.
Restricted Cash
Restricted cash consists primarily of proceeds from repayment of loans serving as collateral for CDO II, completed in October 2006, as defined in Note 6, which will be used to fund replenishment collateral for CDO II. In addition, restricted cash includes interest payments received by the trustee on investments that serve as collateral for CDO I, completed in November 2005, as defined in Note 6, and CDO II, which are remitted to us on a monthly basis, and future funding obligations on certain investments.
Securities Valuation
The Company accounts for its commercial mortgage-backed securities (“CMBS”) in accordance with Statement of Financial Accounting Standards (“SFAS”) No. 115, “Accounting for Certain Investments in Debt and Equity Securities.” The Company generally classifies its CMBS investments as available-for-sale because the Company may dispose of them prior to maturity in response to changes in the market, liquidity needs or other events even though it does not hold the securities for the purpose of selling them in the near term.
8
The fair value of CMBS investments is determined by management based on discounted cash flow models which utilize prepayment and loss assumptions based upon historical experience, economic factors and forecasts and the characteristics of the underlying cash flows. Management determines the applicable discount rates based on current credit spreads as reflected in information provided by issuers of the securities, comparable deals purchased or traded in the marketplace, the CMBX and other derivative trading markets and market interest rates. Management validates its fair value estimates with information from dealers who make markets in these securities. The determination of future cash flows and the appropriate discount rates is inherently subjective and actual results may vary significantly from management’s estimates.
Any unrealized gains and losses on securities available-for-sale which are determined to be temporary do not affect the Company’s reported income or cash flows, but are reported as a component of accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) in stockholders’ equity and, accordingly, affect book value per share. The Company must also assess whether unrealized losses on securities indicate impairment, which would result in writing down the security to its fair value through a charge to earnings. The Company follows impairment guidance of Emerging Issues Task Force (“EITF”) 99-20, “Recognition of Interest Income and Impairment on Purchased and Retained Beneficial Interests in Securitized Financial Assets,” in assessing potential impairment of its CMBS investments. If deemed impaired, this will create a new carrying basis for the security and a revised yield will be calculated based on the future estimated cash flows as described below under Revenue Recognition.
Derivative Activities
The Company accounts for derivative and hedging activities using SFAS No. 133, “Accounting for Derivative Instruments and Hedging Activities,” as amended by SFAS No. 138, “Accounting for Certain Derivative Instruments and Certain Hedging Activities,” and SFAS No. 149, “Amendment of Statement 133 on Derivative Instruments and Hedging Activities,” which requires all derivative instruments to be carried at fair value on the balance sheets.
The Company formally documents all relationships between hedging instruments and hedged items, as well as its risk-management objective and strategy for undertaking each hedge transaction and how ineffectiveness of the hedging instrument, if any, will be measured. Derivative instruments designated in a hedge relationship to mitigate exposure to variability in expected future cash flows, or other types of forecasted transactions, are considered cash flow hedges. At June 30, 2007, the Company has interest rate swaps designated as cash flow hedges, as further described in Note 8. Cash flow hedges are accounted for by recording the fair value of the derivative instrument on the balance sheets as either an asset or liability. To the extent hedges are effective, a corresponding amount, adjusted for swap payments, is recorded in accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) within stockholders’ equity. Ineffectiveness, if any, is recorded in the income statement. The net gain or loss related to the termination of a derivative instrument remains in accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) and is amortized into earnings during the same period in which the original hedged transaction affects earnings when it is probable that the forecasted transaction will occur within the originally specified time period. The Company periodically reviews the effectiveness of each hedging transaction, which involves estimating future cash flows, at least quarterly as required by the standard. Derivative instruments designated in a hedge relationship to mitigate exposure to changes in the fair value of an asset, liability, or firm commitment attributable to a particular risk, such as interest rate risk, will be considered fair value hedges under SFAS No. 133. As of June 30, 2007 and December 31, 2006, the Company had no fair value hedges.
Real Estate Loans
The Company determines if its real estate loans should be accounted for as loans, real estate investments or equity method joint ventures in accordance with AICPA Practice Bulletin No. 1 on acquisition, development or construction (“ADC”) arrangements. To date, the Company has accounted for all of its arrangements as loans based on the guidance set forth in the Practice Bulletin.
The Company acquires participating interests in commercial real estate first mortgage loans and mezzanine loans. When the Company initially invests in loan participations, they are evaluated under SFAS No. 115, “Accounting for Certain Investments in Debt and Equity Securities,” to determine whether the participation interest meets the definition of a debt security. To the extent a given loan participation meets the definition of a debt security, the participation will be accounted for according to the guidance in SFAS No. 115. Those loan participations that do not meet the definition of a debt security are accounted for as loans, and are initially recorded at the purchase price, which is generally at or near par value, and are carried on the balance sheet at amortized cost. To date, the Company has determined that none of the participation interests acquired met the definition of a debt security. See additional information regarding loan accounting and revenue recognition below underRevenue Recognition.
9
Real Estate and Depreciation
The Company accounts for real estate acquisitions pursuant to SFAS No. 67, “Accounting for Costs and Initial Rental Operations of Real Estate Projects” and SFAS No. 141, “Business Combinations.” Accordingly, the Company allocates the purchase price of the acquired assets to land, building and improvements and intangibles, if any, based on their estimated respective fair values at the acquisition date. The Company assesses fair value based on available market information at the acquisition date. Buildings are depreciated on a straight-line basis over an estimated useful life of 40 years. Any capital improvement expenditures associated with replacements, improvements, or major repairs to real property that extend its useful life are capitalized and depreciated using the straight-line method over their estimated useful lives. Depreciation expense on real estate assets for the three and six months ended June 30, 2007 was $0.2 million and $0.4 million, respectively. There was no depreciation expense for the three and six months ended June 30, 2006.
In accordance with SFAS No. 144, “Accounting for the Impairment or Disposal of Long-Lived Assets,” the Company evaluates the recoverability of long-lived assets used in operations when indicators of impairment are present. An impairment charge is recorded if the net undiscounted cash flow estimated to be generated by those assets are less than the assets’ carrying value. The Company does not believe that impairment indicators are present, and accordingly, no such losses were recorded for the three and six months ended June 30, 2007 and 2006, respectively.
In accordance with the criteria established in SFAS No. 13, “Accounting for Leases,” the Company has evaluated each lease agreement related to the net leased real estate assets more fully described in Note 5. At June 30, 2007 and December 31, 2006, the Company had determined that all leases are operating leases and have accounted for them as such.
Deferred Financing Costs
Deferred financing costs represent commitment fees, legal and other third party costs associated with obtaining commitments for financing which result in a closing of such financing. These costs are amortized using the effective interest method into earnings through interest expense over the terms of the respective agreements. Unamortized deferred financing costs are expensed when the associated debt is refinanced or repaid before maturity. Costs incurred in seeking financing transactions which do not close are expensed in the period in which it is determined that the financing will not close.
Dividends to Stockholders
In order for corporate income tax not to apply to the earnings the Company distributes, the Company must distribute to its stockholders an amount at least equal to (i) 90% of its REIT taxable income (determined before the deduction for dividends paid and excluding any net capital gain), plus (ii) 90% of the excess of its net income from foreclosure property (as defined in Section 856(e) of the Internal Revenue Code) over the tax imposed on such income by the Internal Revenue Code, less (iii) any excess non-cash income (as determined under the Internal Revenue Code). The Company is subject to income tax on income that is not distributed, and to an excise tax to the extent that certain percentages of its income are not distributed by specified dates. The actual amount and timing of distributions is at the discretion of the Company’s Board of Directors, and depends upon various factors. Dividends to stockholders are recorded on the declaration date.
Earnings per Share
The Company calculates basic and diluted earnings per share in accordance with SFAS No. 128, “Earnings per Share.” Basic earnings per share (“EPS”) is calculated using income available to common stockholders divided by the weighted average of common shares outstanding during the period. Diluted EPS is similar to basic EPS except that the weighted average of common shares outstanding is increased to include the number of additional common shares that would have been outstanding if the dilutive potential common shares had been exercised using the treasury stock method. Vested equity awards are included in both basic and diluted EPS. Nonvested equity awards are included in diluted EPS to the extent that they are dilutive under the treasury stock method. At June 30, 2007, 182,000 restricted share awards are considered to be issued for purposes of issued and outstanding shares per the balance sheet but are excluded from basic EPS under SFAS No. 128 as nonvested equity awards. Nonvested equity awards with market or performance conditions are considered contingently issuable shares under SFAS No. 128 and are included in diluted EPS only to the extent that the condition would have been satisfied if the end of the reporting period were the end of the contingency period. The performance or market condition for 91,500 restricted share awards and 75,000 stock options would not have been satisfied as of June 30, 2007 and therefore these share awards have been excluded from the diluted EPS calculation for the three and six months ended June 30, 2007. 30,000 of these restricted shares and the 75,000 stock options were outstanding as of June 30, 2006 and were accordingly excluded from the diluted EPS for the three and six months ended June 30, 2006 as the conditions would not have been satisfied as of that date. Additionally, 75,000 stock options have been excluded from the diluted EPS calculation for the three months ended June 30, 2007 and the three and six months ended June 30, 2006 as their impact would be anti-dilutive.
The following table presents a reconciliation of basic and diluted weighted average common shares:
10
| | | | | | | | |
| | For the Three Months Ended June 30, | | For the Six Months Ended June 30, |
| | 2007 | | 2006 | | 2007 | | 2006 |
Basic weighted average common shares | | 25,695,178 | | 25,683,409 | | 25,693,615 | | 25,682,726 |
Dilutive potential common shares | | | | | | | | |
Directors and officers stock awards | | 25,152 | | 6,761 | | 20,621 | | 4,627 |
Officer stock options | | — | | — | | 1,277 | | — |
| | | | | | | | |
Diluted weighted average common shares | | 25,720,330 | | 25,690,170 | | 25,715,513 | | 25,687,353 |
| | | | | | | | |
Comprehensive Income (Loss)
Comprehensive income (loss) consists of net income and other comprehensive income (loss). The Company’s accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) is comprised primarily of unrealized gains and losses on securities categorized as available-for-sale, swap termination costs amortized through a charge to interest expense over the life of the hedge and from net realized and unrealized gains and losses on certain derivative instruments accounted for as cash flow hedges. During the three and six months ended June 30, 2007, the Company amortized a net amount of $0.1 million and $0.2 million, respectively, from other comprehensive income (loss) to interest expense related to terminated cash flow hedges consisting of interest rate swaps more fully described in Note 8. Total comprehensive income (loss) for the six months ended June 30, 2007 and 2006 was ($26.6) million and $5.2 million, respectively.
Revenue Recognition
Interest income on loans and CMBS investments is recognized over the life of the investment using the effective interest method. Mortgage loans will generally be originated or purchased at or near par value and interest income will be recognized based on the contractual terms of the debt instrument. In accordance with SFAS No. 91, “Accounting for Nonrefundable Fees and Costs Associated with Originating or Acquiring Loans and Initial Direct Costs of Leases,” any discounts or premiums on purchased loans and loan fees or acquisition costs on originated loans will be deferred and recognized over the term of the loan as an adjustment to yield. Any unamortized balance of purchased premiums or discounts and loan origination costs are included as a part of the cost basis of the asset in the accompanying consolidated balance sheets. Any exit fees received from prepayments of loans are recognized in the current period and included in interest income.
Interest income on CMBS investments is recognized on the effective interest method as required by EITF 99-20. Under EITF 99-20, management estimates, at the time of purchase, the future expected cash flows and determines the effective interest rate based on these estimated cash flows and the Company’s purchase prices. Subsequent to the purchase and on a quarterly basis, these estimated cash flows are updated and a revised yield is calculated based on the current amortized cost of the investment. In estimating these cash flows, there are a number of assumptions that are subject to uncertainties and contingencies. These include the rate and timing of principal payments (including prepayments, repurchases, defaults and liquidations), the pass through or coupon rate, and interest rate fluctuations. In addition, interest payment shortfalls due to delinquencies on the underlying mortgage loans, and the timing of and magnitude of credit losses on the mortgage loans underlying the securities have to be estimated. These uncertainties and contingencies are difficult to predict and are subject to future events that may impact management’s estimates and the Company’s interest income. As a result, actual results may differ significantly from these estimates.
When the present value of current period estimates of future cash flows are lower than the present value of previous period estimates, as adjusted for principal and loan payments, and the current fair value is less than an asset’s carrying value, the Company will write down the asset to the current fair value and record an other than temporary impairment through a charge to current period earnings. After taking into account the effect of the impairment charge, income is recognized using the market yield for the security used in establishing the current fair value.
Lease income from leased real estate assets is recognized on a straight-line basis over the terms of the lease in accordance with SFAS No. 13. As of June 30, 2007 and December 31, 2006, $0.9 million and $48, respectively, of rent recognized as income in excess of amounts contractually due pursuant to the underlying leases are included in other assets on the accompanying balance sheets. The Company may establish, on a current basis, an allowance against the asset for future potential tenant credit losses which may occur. The balance reflected on the balance sheet will be net of such allowance. There were no such allowances at June 30, 2007 and December 31, 2006.
11
Income Taxes
We operate in a manner that we believe will allow us to be taxed as a REIT and, as a result, we do not expect to pay substantial corporate-level income taxes. Many of the requirements for REIT qualification, however, are highly technical and complex. If we were to fail to meet these requirements and do not qualify for certain statutory relief provisions, we would be subject to Federal income tax, which could have a material adverse effect on our results of operations and amounts available for distributions to our stockholders.
Loan Loss Provisions
The Company purchases and originates commercial mortgage and mezzanine loans to be held as long-term investments. The loans are evaluated for possible impairment on a quarterly basis. In accordance with SFAS No. 114, “Accounting by Creditors for Impairment of a Loan,” impairment occurs when it is deemed probable the Company will not be able to collect all amounts due according to the contractual terms of the loan. Impairment is then measured based on the present value of expected future cash flows or the fair value of the collateral, if the loan is collateral dependent. Upon measurement of impairment, the Company will establish a reserve for loan losses and a corresponding charge to earnings through the provision for loan losses. Significant judgments are required in determining impairment, which includes making assumptions regarding the value of the loan, the value of the real estate or partnership interests that secure the loan and any other applicable provisions, including guarantee and cross-collateralization features, if any. There were no loan loss reserves recorded as of June 30, 2007 and December 31, 2006, respectively, and there were no provisions for loan losses recorded during the three and six months ended June 30, 2007 and 2006.
Stock-Based Compensation
The Company has issued restricted shares of common stock and options to purchase common stock, or equity awards, to our directors, our Manager, employees of affiliates of our Manager and other related persons. The Company accounts for stock-based compensation related to these equity awards using the fair value based methodology under FASB Statement No. 123(R), or SFAS 123(R), “Share Based Payment” and EITF 96-18, “Accounting for Equity Instruments that are Issued to Other Than Employees for Acquiring, or in Conjunction with Selling, Goods or Services.” Compensation expense for equity awards to individuals deemed to be employees for purposes of SFAS 123(R) is measured based on the grant date fair value and amortized into expense over the vesting period. SFAS 123(R) requires that awards to non-employees be accounted for according to the fair value provisions of the Statement, but does not specify the measurement date for such non-employee awards. Accordingly, the measurement date for non-employee awards is determined based on the guidance in EITF 96-18. To the extent that non-employee awards do not contain a performance commitment as defined in EITF 96-18, compensation cost for equity awards issued to non-employees is initially measured at fair value at the grant date, remeasured at subsequent reporting dates to the extent the awards are unvested, and amortized to expense over the vesting period.
Variable Interest Entities
In December 2003, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) issued a revised version of FASB Interpretation No. 46, “Consolidation of Variable Interest Entities” (“FIN 46(R)”). FIN 46(R) addresses the application of Accounting Research Bulletin No. 51, “Consolidated Financial Statements,” to certain entities in which voting rights are not effective in identifying an investor with a controlling financial interest. An entity is considered a variable interest entity (“VIE”) and subject to consolidation under FIN 46(R) if the investors either do not have sufficient equity at risk for the entity to finance its activities without additional subordinated financial support, are unable to direct the entity’s activities, or are not exposed to the entity’s losses or entitled to its residual returns. Variable interest entities within the scope of FIN 46(R) are required to be consolidated by their primary beneficiary. The primary beneficiary of a variable interest entity is determined to be the party that absorbs a majority of the entity’s expected losses, its expected returns, or both.
The Company’s ownership of the subordinated classes of CMBS from a single issuer gives it the right to control the foreclosure/workout process on the underlying loans (“Controlling Class CMBS”). FIN 46(R) has certain scope exceptions, one of which provides that an enterprise that holds a variable interest in a qualifying special-purpose entity (“QSPE”) does not consolidate that entity unless that enterprise has the unilateral ability to cause the entity to liquidate. SFAS No. 140, “Accounting for Transfers and Servicing of Financial Assets and Extinguishments of Liabilities,” provides the requirements for an entity to be considered a QSPE. To maintain the QSPE exception, the trust must continue to meet the QSPE criteria both initially and in subsequent periods. A trust’s QSPE status can be impacted in future periods by activities of its transferor(s) or other involved parties, including the manner in which certain servicing activities are performed. To the extent its CMBS investments were issued by a trust that meets the requirements to be considered a QSPE, the Company records the investments at the purchase price paid. To the extent the underlying trusts are not QSPEs, the Company follows the guidance set forth in FIN 46(R) as the trusts would be considered VIEs.
12
The Company has analyzed the governing pooling and servicing agreements for each of its Controlling Class CMBS and believes that the terms are industry standard and are consistent with the QSPE criteria. However, there is uncertainty with respect to QSPE treatment due to ongoing review by accounting standard setters, potential actions by various parties involved with the QSPE, as discussed above, as well as varying and evolving interpretations of the QSPE criteria under SFAS No. 140. Additionally, the standard setters continue to review the FIN 46(R) provisions related to the computations used to determine the primary beneficiary of a VIE. Future guidance from the standard setters may require the Company to consolidate CMBS trusts in which the Company has invested.
The table below details information about the Company’s CMBS investments, including the purchase date, the face amount of the total CMBS issuance, the original face amount of our CMBS investments, and the amortized cost of our CMBS investments as of June 30, 2007 and December 31, 2006:
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
CMBS Trust | | Investment Date | | Total Face Amount of CMBS Issuance | | Original Face Amount of Investment | | Amortized Cost as of |
| | | | June 30, 2007 | | December 31, 2006 |
MACH One 2004-1 | | July 2004 | | $ | 643,261 | | $ | 50,637 | | $ | 18,932 | | $ | 18,611 |
CSFB 1998-C1 | | August 2004 | | | 2,482,942 | | | 12,500 | | | 9,434 | | | 9,316 |
CSFB 2004-C4 | | November 2004 | | | 1,138,077 | | | 52,976 | | | 22,545 | | | 22,547 |
MLMT 2004-BPC1 | | November 2004 | | | 1,242,650 | | | 76,986 | | | 26,521 | | | 26,535 |
JPMCC 2004-C3 | | December 2004 | | | 1,517,410 | | | 81,561 | | | 35,810 | | | 35,872 |
JPMCC 2005-CIBC11 | | March 2005 | | | 1,800,969 | | | 70,035 | | �� | 34,038 | | | 34,096 |
BACM 2005 | | April 2005 | | | 2,322,091 | | | 84,663 | | | 41,679 | | | 41,739 |
LB UBS 2005-C2 | | April 2005 | | | 1,942,131 | | | 7,000 | | | 4,319 | | | 4,308 |
CSFB 2005-C2 | | May 2005 | | | 1,614,084 | | | 82,261 | | | 38,988 | | | 38,971 |
LB UBS 2005-C3 | | June 2005 | | | 2,060,632 | | | 39,335 | | | 19,707 | | | 19,780 |
JPMCC 2005-CIBC12 | | July 2005 | | | 2,167,039 | | | 70,429 | | | 34,685 | | | 34,857 |
JPMCC 2005-LDP4 | | September 2005 | | | 2,677,075 | | | 90,352 | | | 48,768 | | | 48,801 |
MSCI 2005-IQ10 | | October 2005 | | | 1,546,863 | | | 55,274 | | | 30,728 | | | 30,755 |
MLMT 2005 CKI1 | | December 2005 | | | 3,073,749 | | | 96,066 | | | 51,834 | | | 51,976 |
MSC 2006 HQ8 | | March 2006 | | | 2,731,231 | | | 105,707 | | | 62,138 | | | 62,093 |
JPMCC 2006-CIBC15 | | June 2006 | | | 2,118,303 | | | 71,493 | | | 37,648 | | | 37,845 |
CGCMT 2006-C4 | | June 2006 | | | 2,263,536 | | | 84,395 | | | 50,909 | | | 51,043 |
MSCI 2006-HQ9 | | August 2006 | | | 2,565,238 | | | 81,338 | | | 48,722 | | | 48,850 |
MLMT 2006-C2 | | August 2006 | | | 1,542,697 | | | 60,067 | | | 38,257 | | | 38,259 |
JPMCC 2006-LDP8 | | September 2006 | | | 3,066,028 | | | 107,158 | | | 64,447 | | | 64,642 |
CD 2006-CD3 | | October 2006 | | | 3,571,361 | | | 110,713 | | | 62,945 | | | 63,245 |
MSCI 2007-HQ11 | | February 2007 | | | 2,417,647 | | | 89,530 | | | 58,575 | | | — |
GCCFC 2007-GG9 | | March 2007 | | | 6,575,924 | | | 34,167 | | | 30,946 | | | — |
JPMCC 2007-LDP10 | | March 2007 | | | 5,331,517 | | | 151,616 | | | 85,991 | | | — |
WAMU 2007-SL3 | | June 2007 | | | 1,284,473 | | | 6,500 | | | 5,720 | | | — |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Total | | | | $ | 59,696,928 | | $ | 1,772,759 | | $ | 964,286 | | $ | 784,141 |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
The Company’s maximum exposure to loss as a result of its investment in these securities totaled $964.3 million and $784.1 million as of June 30, 2007 and December 31, 2006, respectively.
The financing structures that the Company offers to its borrowers on certain of its loans involve the creation of entities that could be deemed VIEs and, therefore, could be subject to FIN 46(R). Management has evaluated these entities and has concluded that none of them are VIEs that are subject to consolidation under FIN 46(R).
In April 2007, the Company created a trust subsidiary for the purpose of issuing trust preferred securities. The trust is considered a VIE under FIN 46(R) and it was determined that the Company is not the primary beneficiary of the trust. Accordingly, the trust is accounted for using the equity method. Refer to Note 6.
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New Accounting Standards
In June 2006, the FASB issued FASB Interpretation No. 48, “Accounting for Uncertainty in Income Taxes,” (“FIN 48”). FIN 48 prescribes how the Company should recognize, measure and present in the Company’s financial statements uncertain tax positions that have been taken or are expected to be taken in a tax return. Pursuant to FIN 48, the Company can recognize a tax benefit only if it is “more likely than not” that a particular tax position will be sustained upon examination or audit. To the extent the “more likely than not” standard has been satisfied, the benefit associated with a tax position is measured as the largest amount that is greater than 50% likely of being realized upon settlement.
The Company is subject to U.S. Federal income tax as well as income tax of multiple state and local jurisdictions but, as a REIT, the Company is generally not subject to income tax on net income distributed as dividends to shareholders. As required, the Company adopted FIN 48 effective January 1, 2007 and has concluded that there is no effect on the Company’s consolidated financial statements. Accordingly, the Company did not record a cumulative effect adjustment related to the adoption of FIN 48.
The 2004 through 2006 tax years remain subject to examination by taxing authorities. The Company classifies interest and penalties related to uncertain tax positions, if any, in its general and administrative expense on its consolidated statements of operations. There were no penalties related to uncertain tax positions for the three and six month periods ending June 30, 2007 and 2006, respectively.
In February 2006, the FASB issued SFAS No. 155, “Accounting for Certain Hybrid Financial Instruments-an amendment of FASB Statements No. 133 and 140,” which addresses accounting for certain hybrid financial instruments that contain embedded derivatives and eliminates the restriction on passive derivative instruments that a qualifying special-purpose entity may hold. SFAS No. 155 is effective for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2007. The Company adopted SFAS No. 155 as of January 1, 2007 and has determined that the adoption of SFAS No. 155 does not have an impact on its consolidated financial statements as of June 30, 2007.
In September 2006, the FASB issued SFAS No. 157, “Fair Value Measurements” which defines fair value as the price that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants in the market in which the reporting entity transacts. SFAS No. 157 applies whenever other standards require assets or liabilities to be measured at fair value and does not expand the use of fair value in any new circumstances. SFAS No. 157 establishes a hierarchy that prioritizes the information used in developing fair value estimates. The hierarchy gives the highest priority to quoted prices in active markets and the lowest priority to unobservable data, such as the reporting entity’s own data. SFAS No. 157 requires fair value measurements to be disclosed by level within the fair value hierarchy. SFAS No. 157 is effective for fiscal years beginning after November 15, 2007. The Company has not yet determined what impact, if any, SFAS No. 157 will have on its consolidated financial statements.
In February 2007, the FASB issued SFAS No. 159, “The Fair Value Option for Financial Assets and Liabilities – Including an Amendment of FASB No. 115.” SFAS No. 159 permits entities to choose to measure certain financial assets and liabilities at fair value. SFAS No. 159 is effective for fiscal years beginning after November 15, 2007. The Company is evaluating what impact, if any, SFAS No. 159 may have on its consolidated financial statements.
In June 2007, AICPA Statement of Position 07-1, “Clarification of the Scope of the Audit and Accounting Guide: Investment Companies and Accounting by Parent Companies and Equity Method Investors for Investments in Investment Companies” (“SOP 07-1”) was issued. SOP 07-1 provides specific conditions for determining whether an entity is within the scope of the Guide. Additionally, for those entities that are investment companies under SOP 07-1, additional guidance is provided regarding the retention of specialized investment company industry accounting by a parent company in consolidation or by an investor that has the ability to exercise significant influence over the investment company and applies the equity method of accounting to its investment in the entity. SOP 07-1 is effective for fiscal years beginning on or after December 31, 2007 with earlier application encouraged. The Company is evaluating what impact, if any, SOP 07-1 may have on its consolidated financial statements.
Reclassifications
Certain prior year amounts have been reclassified to conform to the current year presentation.
The following is a summary of the Company’s CMBS by rating class as of June 30, 2007 and December 31, 2006:
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| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | As of June 30, 2007 |
| | Amortized Cost | | Gross Unrealized | | | Estimated Fair Value | | Weighted Average |
Security Description | | | Gains | | Losses | | | | Coupon | | | Yield | | | Term (yrs) |
Investment Grade (BBB) | | $ | 131,319 | | $ | 48 | | $ | (13,433 | ) | | $ | 117,934 | | 5.9 | % | | 6.3 | % | | 10.1 |
Non-Investment Grade (BB, B, NR) | | | 832,967 | | | 4,442 | | | (51,868 | ) | | | 785,541 | | 5.1 | % | | 8.9 | % | | 10.7 |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Total CMBS | | $ | 964,286 | | $ | 4,490 | | $ | (65,301 | ) | | $ | 903,475 | | 5.2 | % | | 8.6 | % | | 10.6 |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | As of December 31, 2006 |
Security Description | | Amortized Cost | | Gross Unrealized | | | Estimated Fair Value | | Weighted Average |
| | Gains | | Losses | | | | Coupon | | | Yield | | | Term (yrs) |
Investment Grade (BBB) | | $ | 92,210 | | $ | 1,747 | | $ | (302 | ) | | $ | 93,655 | | 5.8 | % | | 6.3 | % | | 10.6 |
Non-Investment Grade (BB, B, NR) | | | 691,931 | | | 11,852 | | | (7,235 | ) | | | 696,548 | | 5.1 | % | | 9.1 | % | | 11.3 |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Total CMBS | | $ | 784,141 | | $ | 13,599 | | $ | (7,537 | ) | | $ | 790,203 | | 5.2 | % | | 8.8 | % | | 11.3 |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
The unrealized gains (losses) are primarily the result of changes in market interest rates and credit spreads subsequent to the purchase of a CMBS investment.
The following table sets forth the amortized cost, fair values and gross unrealized losses, aggregated by investment category and length of time that the individual securities have been in a continuous unrealized loss position at June 30, 2007 and December 31, 2006:
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | As of June 30, 2007 |
Security Description | | Amortized Cost | | Unrealized losses > 12 months | | | Unrealized losses <12 months | | | Fair Value |
Investment Grade (BBB) | | $ | 125,600 | | $ | (1,701 | ) | | $ | (11,732 | ) | | $ | 112,167 |
Non-Investment Grade (BB, B, NR) | | | 793,974 | | | (25,341 | ) | | | (26,527 | ) | | | 742,106 |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Total | | $ | 919,574 | | $ | (27,042 | ) | | $ | (38,259 | ) | | $ | 854,273 |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | As of December 31, 2006 |
Security Description | | Amortized Cost | | Unrealized losses > 12 months | | | Unrealized losses <12 months | | | Fair Value |
Investment Grade (BBB) | | $ | 15,515 | | $ | (302 | ) | | $ | — | | | $ | 15,213 |
Non-Investment Grade (BB, B, NR) | | | 295,205 | | | (6,760 | ) | | | (475 | ) | | | 287,970 |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Total | | $ | 310,720 | | $ | (7,062 | ) | | $ | (475 | ) | | $ | 303,183 |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
The unrealized losses result from the fair value of the securities falling below the amortized cost basis and are primarily the result of market factors other than credit impairment. The unrealized losses have been determined to be temporary and do not affect the Company’s net income.
There were no impairment charges recorded, pursuant to EITF 99-20, during the three and six months ended June 30, 2007. For the three and six months ended June 30, 2006, pursuant to EITF 99-20, the Company recorded impairment charges related to its CMBS investments of zero and $0.3 million, respectively. This other than temporary impairment charge recorded during 2006 related to three securities in two different CMBS trusts where the present value of cash flow projections of the security at that time was estimated to be lower than the present value of cash flow projections of the same security in the prior reporting period and, at the same time, the then current fair value of the security was less than the prior period carrying value. The actual cash flows of the security will depend on final resolutions of the underlying loans and assets in the respective CMBS trusts.
As of June 30, 2007 and December 31, 2006, the mortgage loans in the underlying collateral pools for all CMBS were secured by properties of the types and at the locations identified below:
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| | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Location (1) | | June 30, 2007 | | | December 31, 2006 | | | Property Type (1) | | June 30, 2007 | | | December 31, 2006 | |
California | | 14.9 | % | | 15.3 | % | | Retail | | 30.1 | % | | 31.0 | % |
New York | | 9.4 | % | | 7.2 | % | | Office | | 29.8 | % | | 28.3 | % |
Texas | | 6.7 | % | | 6.9 | % | | Residential(2) | | 16.9 | % | | 17.3 | % |
Florida | | 5.7 | % | | 5.3 | % | | Hospitality | | 6.7 | % | | 6.9 | % |
Virginia | | 5.5 | % | | 4.7 | % | | Industrial | | 5.0 | % | | 4.4 | % |
Other(3) | | 55.8 | % | | 58.2 | % | | Other(3) | | 9.5 | % | | 9.7 | % |
Re-REMIC(4) | | 2.0 | % | | 2.4 | % | | Re-REMIC(4) | | 2.0 | % | | 2.4 | % |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Total | | 100.0 | % | | 100.0 | % | | Total | | 100.0 | % | | 100.0 | % |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
(1) | Percentages are based on the unpaid principal balance of the underlying loans. Classifications are based on the National Council of Real Estate Investment Fiduciaries’ (“NCREIF”) standard categories. |
(2) | Residential primarily consists of multi-family apartment buildings, mobile home parks, and student housing. |
(3) | No other individual state or property type comprises more than 4.0% of the total as of June 30, 2007 and December 31, 2006. |
(4) | The Company’s investment in a Re-REMIC backed by CMBS from 41 previous conduit securitizations is not included in the above categories due to the stratification information on the original loan collateral not being meaningful. |
The non-investment grade and unrated tranches of the CMBS owned by the Company provide credit support to the more senior classes of the related securitizations. Cash flow from the underlying mortgages generally is allocated first to the senior tranches, with the most senior tranches having a priority right to the cash flow. Any remaining cash flow is allocated, generally, among the other tranches in order of their relative seniority. To the extent there are defaults and unrecoverable losses on the underlying mortgages resulting in reduced cash flows, the remaining CMBS classes will bear such losses in order of their relative subordination.
For the six months ended June 30, 2007, the Company invested a total of $182.9 million prior to closing credits, in four newly issued conduit transactions. The CMBS bonds are rated BBB- and below with loss-adjusted yields ranging from 6.0% to 10.1%.
At June 30, 2007 and December 31, 2006, our real estate loans consisted of the following:
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| | | | | | | | |
| | As of June 30, 2007 |
Description | | Carrying Value | | Weighted Average Interest Rate | | | Range of Initial Maturity Dates |
Whole mortgage loans | | $ | 111,344 | | 5.8 | % | | December 2016 - January 2017 |
First mortgage loan participations | | | 96,968 | | 7.7 | % | | February 2008 - June 2011 |
Mezzanine loans | | | 343,022 | | 8.9 | % | | October 2007 - December 2016 |
| | | | | | | | |
| | $ | 551,334 | | 8.1 | % | | |
| | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | |
| | As of December 31, 2006 |
Description | | Carrying Value | | Weighted Average Interest Rate | | | Range of Initial Maturity Dates |
First mortgage loan participation | | $ | 31,951 | | 8.0 | % | | February 2008 |
Mezzanine loans | | | 255,894 | | 9.8 | % | | March 2007 - October 2008 |
| | | | | | | | |
| | $ | 287,845 | | 9.6 | % | | |
| | | | | | | | |
For the six months ended June 30, 2007, the Company invested $167.8 million, net of $2.2 million in net discounts, in three fixed rate real estate loans. The loans bear interest ranging from 5.8% to 6.4% and have maturity dates between December 2016 and January 2017. In addition, during the six months ended June 30, 2007, the Company invested $245.2 million, net of $0.6 million in discounts, in seven floating rate real estate loans. The loans bear interest based on LIBOR plus a spread ranging from 1.8% to 3.5% and have maturity dates between February 2009 and June 2011.
For the six months ended June 30, 2007, the Company received repayments of $150.1 million related to outstanding principal balances on certain mezzanine loan investments. In connection with certain loan repayments totaling $64.7 million during the six months ended June 30, 2007, the Company received $0.5 million in contractually scheduled interest income in accordance with the loan agreement.
On June 29, 2007, the Company acquired a portfolio of six additional net leased real estate assets for $38.7 million through a sale-leaseback transaction. As of June 30, 2007, the Company has twelve net leased assets with an aggregate purchase price of $77.5 million. The single master lease on all twelve assets is with one tenant. These properties have an initial lease term of twenty-five years. At the conclusion of the lease term, the lease agreement provides several options to the parties involved, including a put/call option and the extension of the lease term at the option of the lessee for an additional ten years. In addition, the lease agreement requires minimum rental payments with annual rent escalations beginning in the third year of the lease equal to the greater of 3% or CPI. The lease entered into is on a net basis whereby the tenant is responsible for all operating expenses, real estate taxes and insurance and the master lease is partially secured by letters of credit aggregating $12.1 million at June 30, 2007 which will adjust and expire over time based on operating performance of the portfolio. The Company is accounting for this lease as an operating lease under SFAS No. 13.
The following schedule presents the Company’s investment in net leased real estate assets as of June 30, 2007 and December 31, 2006:
| | | | | | | | |
| | June 30, 2007 | | | December 31, 2006 | |
Real estate assets | | $ | 77,511 | | | $ | 38,763 | |
Less: accumulated depreciation | | | (435 | ) | | | (23 | ) |
| | | | | | | | |
Real estate assets, net | | $ | 77,076 | | | $ | 38,740 | |
| | | | | | | | |
The lease income and depreciation expense of the acquired properties are included in the consolidated statements of operations from their respective acquisition date. Approximate future minimum rents to be received over the next five years and thereafter for non-cancelable operating leases in effect at June 30, 2007, are as follows:
17
| | | |
2007 | | $ | 3,897 |
2008 | | | 7,754 |
2009 | | | 7,929 |
2010 | | | 8,167 |
2011 | | | 8,412 |
Thereafter | | | 236,394 |
| | | |
Total | | $ | 272,553 |
| | | |
6. | LOANS AND NOTES PAYABLE |
On October 17, 2006, the Company issued its second CDO through two wholly-owned subsidiaries of the Company, JER CRE CDO 2006-2, Limited and JER CRE CDO 2006-2, LLC (collectively “CDO II”). CDO II is secured by $1.2 billion par value of collateral interests consisting of CMBS, mezzanine loan interests, first mortgage loan interests, Re-REMIC securities, and real estate CDO securities. CDO II issued privately placed notes totaling $768.4 million rated AAA through BBB- (“ CDO II Investment Grade Notes”). The Company purchased a portion of the CDO II Investment Grade Notes and retained all of the non-investment grade notes and preferred shares. $708.3 million of Investment Grade Notes were issued to third parties consisting of $47.0 million of fixed rate notes with a weighted average interest rate of 5.8% and $661.3 million of floating rate notes with a weighted average interest rate of LIBOR plus 62 basis points, excluding amortization of fees and expenses. At issuance, the weighted average cost of borrowing for CDO II was approximately 63 basis points, excluding amortization of fees and expenses, over applicable swap or LIBOR rates. The CDO II Investment Grade Notes have a remaining expected average maturity of 8.4 years as of June 30, 2007. CDO II included a ramp facility of approximately $230.9 million dedicated to finance additional collateral interests, as well as a replenishment collateral pool up to $275.0 million that will allow replenishment of proceeds of real estate loans that are paid off within five years from the closing of the transaction, subject to the replenishment collateral meeting certain criteria outlined in the CDO II indenture. The Company incurred $10.5 million of issuance costs, which were deferred and are amortized on an effective yield basis over the life of CDO II. Unamortized debt issuance costs of $9.9 million and $10.4 million are included as a component of deferred financing fees on the consolidated balance sheet at June 30, 2007 and December 31, 2006, respectively. During the six months ended June 30, 2007, the Company contributed CMBS of $61.0 million and mortgage loan interests of $15.1 million as collateral to CDO II and received $69.1 million of mezzanine loan repayments on CDO II collateral. As of June 30, 2007, the Company has fully invested the ramp facility while the available replenishment proceeds were $75.9 million, which is reflected in restricted cash on the consolidated balance sheets.
In November 2005, the Company issued its first CDO through two wholly-owned subsidiaries of the Company, JER CRE CDO 2005-1, Limited and JER CRE CDO 2005-1, LLC (collectively “CDO I”). CDO I is secured by a static pool of $418.7 million par value of fixed rate subordinate CMBS. CDO I issued privately placed notes totaling $275.6 million rated AAA through BBB- (“CDO I Investment Grade Notes”). The Company retained a portion of the BBB- rated notes, all of the non-investment grade notes and all of the preferred shares. Two of the CDO I Investment Grade Notes, totaling $119.2 million, were issued with floating rate coupons with a weighted average rate of LIBOR plus 39 basis points, excluding amortization of fees and expenses. The remaining CDO I Investment Grade Notes totaling $147.0 million, net of the portion retained by the Company, were issued with fixed rate coupons with a weighted average rate of 6.0%, excluding amortization of fees and expenses. The Investment Grade Notes have a remaining expected average maturity of 8.1 years as of June 30, 2007. The Company incurred $4.4 million of issuance costs, which were deferred and are amortized on an effective yield basis over the life of CDO I. Unamortized debt issuance costs of $3.7 million and $3.9 million are included as deferred financing fees on the consolidated balance sheets at June 30, 2007 and December 31, 2006, respectively.
The Company has accounted for the CDO I and CDO II transactions as financings due to certain permitted activities of CDO trusts that are not consistent with activities of a QSPE permitted under SFAS No. 140, such as having the ability to sell impaired securities and acquire replenishment securities with the proceeds at the discretion of the collateral administrator. Accordingly, the assets transferred to the respective CDO trusts are reflected in the Company’s balance sheets and notes issued to third parties are reflected as notes payable in the accompanying consolidated financial statements.
Repurchase Agreements
In September 2006, a wholly owned subsidiary of the Company entered into a repurchase agreement with Goldman Sachs Mortgage Company (“Goldman Sachs”). The repurchase agreement provides financing of up to $250.0 million secured by various types of real estate loans and is scheduled to terminate at the earlier of (a) the closing by the Company of its third collateralized debt obligation transaction or (b) October 1, 2007. The agreement provides for a series of extension options that could extend the term through October 1, 2009. The Company has provided written notice and made necessary payments to Goldman Sachs in order to exercise its first extension option and extend the repurchase agreement facility for a term of three months until January 1, 2008. The facility allows us to borrow against eligible loan collateral and is limited recourse (10% of the outstanding balance) to the Company. At June 30, 2007, there was $186.8 million outstanding under the repurchase agreement at a weighted average borrowing rate of 6.1% and real estate loans with a cost basis of $233.4 million were pledged as collateral under this repurchase agreement.
18
In March 2007 and as subsequently amended in June 2007, the Company and a wholly-owned subsidiary, respectively, entered into a repurchase agreement with Liquid Funding, an affiliate of Bear Stearns & Co. Inc., with an available borrowing capacity of $150.0 million. In connection with the June 2007 amendments, the Company entered into a guaranty agreement with Liquid Funding. The repurchase agreement is secured by rated and unrated CMBS and is scheduled to terminate at the earlier of (a) the closing by the Company of its third collateralized debt obligation or (b) March 2008. At June 30, 2007, $106.5 million was outstanding under the repurchase agreement at a weighted average borrowing rate of 6.1% and securities with a fair value of $138.3 million were pledged as collateral under this repurchase agreement.
The repurchase agreement facilities are subject to margin calls based upon fair market value determinations of the underlying collateral. During the three months ended June 30, 2007, such margin calls totaled $13.1 million, with $5.0 million related to the Goldman Sachs facility and $8.1 million related to the Liquid Funding facility.
The Company has considered an interpretation of GAAP relating to the treatment of transactions where investments acquired by the Company from a particular counterparty are simultaneously or subsequently financed via a repurchase agreement with that same counterparty or an affiliate thereof. Currently, in such cases, the Company records such transactions as a sale of the investment to us and such related debt provided to the Company as a financing. An alternative interpretation of GAAP, however, concerns whether such investments should be treated as a derivative. Over the past two years, the Company has identified several investments that may be affected by such alternative interpretation. In the three months ended March 31, 2007, the Company acquired a first mortgage loan participation investment from a counterparty for $35.0 million and concurrent with closing, the same counterparty provided financing of $29.8 million via an existing repurchase agreement. As of June 30, 2007, $17.0 million of borrowings were outstanding with this counterparty on a remaining loan amount of $20.0 million. The first mortgage loan participation investment is a floating rate instrument, and based on these terms, its carrying value approximates fair value. If the Company recorded this first mortgage loan as a derivative in connection with financing such loans, changes in the fair value of such derivative, if any, would have affected net income in the three and six months ended June 30, 2007. In addition, total assets and total liabilities would have been affected for the period ended June 30, 2007. Our understanding is that the issue is being considered for further technical guidance by the accounting standard setters. Future guidance may require the Company to adjust the accounting for the assets in which the Company has invested.
Junior Subordinated Debentures
In April 2007, the Company issued $60.0 million of trust preferred securities through its unconsolidated subsidiary, JERIT TS Statutory Trust I (“the Trust”), in a private transaction exempt from registration under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended. Concurrently, the Company issued $61.9 million in junior subordinated debentures to the Trust and made a $1.9 million common equity investment in the Trust. The trust preferred securities have a 30-year term ending April 2037, are redeemable at par on or after April 30, 2012 and pay distributions at a fixed rate of 7.2%, excluding amortization of fees and expenses, for the first five years ending April 2012, and, thereafter, at a floating rate of three month LIBOR plus 225 basis points, excluding amortization of fees and expenses. The assets of the Trust consist solely of the $61.9 million of junior subordinated notes concurrently issued by us, with terms that mirror the trust preferred securities. The Company incurred $1.0 million of debt issuance costs, which were deferred and are amortized on an effective yield basis over the life of the junior subordinated debentures. Unamortized debt issuance costs of $1.0 million are included as a component of deferred financing fees on the consolidated balance sheet at June 30, 2007.
The Company’s interest in the Trust is accounted for using the equity method and the assets and liabilities are not consolidated into the Company’s financial statements due to the Company’s determination that the Trust is a variable interest entity under FIN46(R) and that we are not the primary beneficiary of the entity. Interest on the junior subordinated debentures is included in interest expense on our consolidated income statements and the junior subordinated debentures are presented as a liability on our consolidated balance sheet.
7. | FAIR VALUE OF FINANCIAL INSTRUMENTS |
The Company presents its financial instruments at estimated fair value in the accompanying consolidated financial statements in accordance with SFAS No. 107, “Disclosures about Fair Value of Financial Instruments,” which defines fair value as the amount at which a financial instrument could be exchanged in a current transaction between willing parties, in other than a forced sale or liquidation.
The fair values of the Company’s CMBS and interest rate swap agreements on the consolidated balance sheets are based on management’s estimates and market pricing information provided by certain dealers who actively trade these financial instruments as further described in Notes 3 and 8, respectively. The fair values reported reflect estimates and may not necessarily be indicative of the amounts the Company could realize in a current market exchange. Certain real estate loans, repurchase agreements and floating rate debt are floating rate instruments, and our junior subordinated debentures (which are redeemable at par on or after April 2012) pay a fixed rate of interest through April 2012 and floating rate thereafter until maturity in April 2037, and based on these terms it is assumed their carrying value approximates fair value.
19
At June 30, 2007, the fair value of fixed rate notes payable held by third parties with principal balances of $147.0 million and $47.0 million, respectively, issued as part of CDO I and CDO II approximates $135.7 million and $39.1 million, respectively, and $145.4 million and $47.2 million, respectively, at December 31, 2006. In addition, due to the acquisition of three fixed rate real estate loans during the six months ended June 30, 2007, the Company has estimated that the fair value of these loans with an aggregate principal balance of $170.0 million and a cost basis of $167.8 million approximates $159.2 million at June 30, 2007. At December 31, 2006, there were no investments in fixed rate loans.
8. | DERIVATIVE FINANCIAL INSTRUMENTS |
The following table presents our pay-fixed interest rate swaps related to our existing and future anticipated indebtedness as of June 30, 2007.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Trade Date | | Effective Date | | Initial Notional Balance | | Ending Notional Balance | | Notional Balance at June 30, 2007 | | Fair Value at June 30, 2007 | | Termination Date | | Pay-Fixed Interest Rate | |
October 2005 | | November 2005 | | $ | 109,977 | | $ | 5,697 | | $ | 109,977 | | $ | 3,923 | | June 2015 | | 4.9 | % |
September 2006 | | October 2006 | | | 386,324 | | | 219,929 | | | 386,324 | | | 8,627 | | August 2016 | | 5.1 | % |
September 2006 | | October 2009 | | | — | | | 80,071 | | | — | | | 1,421 | | August 2016 | | 5.2 | % |
February 2007 | | October 2007 | | | — | | | 86,324 | | | — | | | 1,941 | | October 2014 | | 5.1 | % |
January 2007 | | November 2007 | | | 100,000 | | | 100,000 | | | — | | | 1,721 | | December 2016 | | 5.3 | % |
February 2007 | | November 2007 | | | 45,000 | | | 45,000 | | | — | | | 1,391 | | September 2016 | | 5.0 | % |
February 2007 | | November 2007 | | | 26,000 | | | 26,000 | | | — | | | 805 | | February 2017 | | 5.1 | % |
March 2007 | | November 2007 | | | 40,000 | | | 40,000 | | | — | | | 1,495 | | January 2017 | | 5.0 | % |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | $ | 707,301 | | $ | 603,021 | | $ | 496,301 | | $ | 21,324 | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
As of June 30, 2007, $21.3 million is reflected in accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) in the consolidated balance sheets representing the fair value of the effective portions of the Company’s outstanding cash flow hedges, which are further discussed below. In connection with the pricing of CDO II in September 2006, the Company, through JER CRE CDO 2006-2, Limited, a wholly-owned subsidiary, entered into an amortizing interest rate swap with an initial notional balance of approximately $386.3 million, which declines to approximately $219.9 million. These interest rate swaps, which mature in August 2016, are expected to hedge the interest rate risk exposure on amortizing principal amounts of floating-rate Investment Grade Notes issued by the Company upon the closing of CDO II and a portion of the Company’s other anticipated or existing indebtedness. In September 2006 and February 2007, in connection with CDO II and other anticipated or existing indebtedness, the Company also entered into two accreting interest rate swaps. The first swap has an initial notional balance of zero increasing to approximately $33.8 million in October 2009 and increasing thereafter to approximately $80.1 million. The second swap has an initial notional balance of zero increasing to approximately $46.3 million in October 2007 and increasing thereafter to approximately $86.3 million. These swaps are designated as cash flow hedges and are expected to be effective in hedging the risk of changes in interest cash outflows attributable to changes in the applicable USD-LIBOR rate over the term of the hedging relationship. Under the swaps, the Company has agreed to pay the counterparties a weighted average fixed interest rate of 5.1% per annum in exchange for floating payments tied to USD-LIBOR on the applicable notional amount. As of June 30, 2007, the combined fair value of the three interest rate swaps was $12.0 million, which is recorded in accumulated other comprehensive income (loss).
In connection with the pricing of CDO I in October 2005, through JER CRE CDO 2005-1, Limited, the Company entered into an amortizing interest rate swap with an initial notional balance of approximately $110.0 million. The amortizing interest rate swap hedges the interest rate risk exposure on an amortizing principal amount of the floating-rate Investment Grade Notes issued by the Company. This swap is designated as a cash flow hedge and is expected to be effective in hedging the risk of changes in interest cash outflows attributable to changes in the applicable USD-LIBOR swap rate over the term of the hedging relationship. Under the swap, the Company has agreed to pay the counterparty a fixed interest rate of 4.9% per annum in exchange for floating payments on the applicable notional amount. As of June 30, 2007, the fair value of the amortizing interest rate swap agreement related to CDO I was $3.9 million, which is recorded in accumulated other comprehensive income (loss).
In June and August 2006, the Company entered into a total of four forward-starting interest rate swaps to mitigate the risk of changes in the interest-related cash outflows on the forecasted issuance of floating rate debt. Under these swaps, the Company agreed to pay the counterparties a weighted average fixed interest rate of 5.4% per annum in exchange for floating payments on the total notional amount of $177.0 million. In connection with the pricing of CDO II in September 2006 and other anticipated or existing indebtedness, the Company effectively terminated or assigned for value these four outstanding interest rate swaps. The net costs from termination of $6.1 million were recorded in accumulated other comprehensive income and are being amortized from accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) as an increase to interest expense over the life of CDO II based on the effective yield method. For the three and six months ended June 30, 2007, $0.1 million and $0.2 million, respectively, was amortized from accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) as an increase to interest expense.
20
In connection with the pricing of CDO I in October 2005, the Company effectively terminated or assigned for value $201.0 million notional amount of interest rate swaps outstanding. The net proceeds from termination of $0.6 million were recorded in accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) and are being amortized from accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) as a decrease to interest expense over the life of CDO I based on the effective yield method. For the three and six months ended June 30, 2007, $12 and $23, respectively, has been amortized from accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) as a reduction to interest expense.
Of the existing balances in accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) related to its previously terminated cash flow hedge derivatives, the Company estimates that approximately $0.5 million will be reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) as an increase to interest expense in the next twelve months.
Between January 2007 and March 2007, the Company entered into a total of four forward-starting interest rate swaps to mitigate the risk of change in the interest-related cash outflows on the forecasted issuance of floating rate debt. Under these swaps, the Company agreed to pay the counterparties a weighted average fixed interest rate of 5.2% per annum in exchange for floating rate payments on the total notional amount of $211.0 million. As of June 30, 2007, the combined fair value of the four interest rate swaps was $5.4 million, which is recorded in accumulated other comprehensive income on the consolidated balance sheets.
The Company’s derivative financial instruments contain credit risk to the extent that its bank counterparties may be unable to meet the terms of the agreement. The Company minimizes such risk by limiting its counterparties to major financial institutions with acceptable credit ratings. All counterparties currently have Standard and Poor’s equivalent credit ratings ranging from A+ to AAA. Additionally, the potential risk of loss with any one party resulting from this type of credit risk is monitored.
9. | DIFFERENCES BETWEEN FINANCIAL STATEMENTS NET INCOME AND TAXABLE INCOME |
The differences between GAAP net income and taxable income are generally attributable to differing treatment, including timing related thereto, of unrealized/realized gains and losses associated with certain assets, the bases, income, impairment, and/or credit loss recognition related to certain assets, primarily CMBS, accounting for derivative instruments accounting for lease income on net leased real estate assets, and amortization of various costs. The distinction between GAAP net income and taxable income is important to the Company’s stockholders because dividends or distributions, if any, are declared and paid on the basis of annual estimates of taxable income or loss. The Company does not pay Federal income taxes on income that it distributes on a current basis, provided that it satisfies the requirements for qualification as a REIT pursuant to the Internal Revenue Code. The Company calculates its taxable income or loss as if it were a regular domestic corporation. This taxable income or loss level determines the amount of dividends, if any, the Company is required to distribute over time in order to reduce or eliminate its tax liability pursuant to REIT requirements.
Income on CMBS investments is computed for GAAP purposes based upon a yield, which assumes credit losses will occur (See Note 2 – Revenue Recognition for further discussion). The yield to compute the Company’s taxable income does not assume there would be credit losses, as a loss can only be deducted for tax purposes when it has occurred. Additionally, due diligence expenses incurred related to the acquisition of CMBS and loan investments not originated are required to be expensed as incurred for GAAP purposes but are included as a component of the cost basis of the asset and amortized for tax purposes. Primarily as a result of these two differences, the net difference between the GAAP and tax bases of the underlying CMBS investments was approximately $34.1 million and $22.5 million at June 30, 2007 and December 31, 2006, respectively, with tax basis being greater than GAAP basis. The difference between the GAAP and tax bases related to real estate loans, derivatives, due diligence expenses and lease income was in the aggregate $0.7 million and $1.4 million at June 30, 2007 and December 31, 2006, respectively, with tax basis being greater than GAAP basis.
In June 2004, the Company sold 11,500,000 shares of its common stock through transactions that were exempt from the registration requirements of the Securities Act of 1933 pursuant to Rule 144A, Regulation S and Regulation D (the “144A Offering”). Gross proceeds were $172.1 million. Net proceeds after deducting the initial purchaser’s discount and other offering expenses were $160.1 million. In July 2005, the Company completed its initial public offering of 12,000,000 shares of its common stock at a price of $17.75 per share. In August 2005, the underwriters exercised their option to purchase an additional 1,832,025 shares at the public offering price less the underwriting discount to cover over-allotments. The net proceeds to the Company on the sale of 12,000,000 shares in the initial public offering and the 1,832,025 shares pursuant to the over-allotment option was $226.4 million after deducting the underwriting discount and offering expenses and was primarily used to pay down indebtedness.
In connection with the 144A Offering, the Company issued 335,000 shares to its Manager pursuant to its Nonqualified Option and Incentive Award Plan as further described in Note 12. In addition, as of June 30, 2007, the Company has granted an aggregate of 40,000 shares of restricted stock to its independent directors, granted 124,500 shares of restricted stock to certain officers and employees of an affiliate of its Manager (although 1,500 such shares had been forfeited to date) and 60,000 shares of restricted stock to Mark Weiss, its President, as further discussed in Note 12.
21
As of June 30, 2007 and December 31, 2006, the Company had issued and outstanding common shares of 25,890,035 and 25,757,035, respectively.
11. | RELATED PARTY TRANSACTIONS |
The Company entered into a management agreement (the “Management Agreement”) with the Manager in June 2004 for an initial term of two years. After the initial term, the Management Agreement was renewed for additional one-year periods in June 2006 and June 2007 and will automatically be renewed each year for an additional one-year period unless the Company or the Manager terminates the Management Agreement. The Manager must be provided adequate notice of termination, as defined, according to the terms of the Management Agreement. Upon notice, a termination fee equal to four times the sum of the Manager’s base management fees plus incentive fees for the 12-month period preceding the date of termination would be paid. Any accrued compensation due to the Manager would also be paid.
In addition, if the Management Agreement is terminated without cause due to fees that the independent directors have determined to be unfair, the Manager may agree to perform its management services at fees the independent directors determine to be fair, and the Management Agreement would not terminate. The Manager may give notice it wishes to renegotiate the fees, in which case the Company and the Manager must negotiate in good faith. If a renegotiated fee cannot be agreed upon within a specified period, the agreement will terminate, and the Company must pay the termination fees described above.
The Company may also terminate the Management Agreement with 60 days’ prior notice for cause, which is defined as (i) the Manager’s fraud or gross negligence, (ii) the Manager’s willful noncompliance with the Management Agreement, (iii) the commencement of any proceeding relating to the Manager’s bankruptcy or insolvency or a material breach of any provision of the Management Agreement, uncured for a period of 60 days or (iv) a change in control of the Manager. The Manager may at any time assign certain duties under the Management Agreement to any affiliate of the Manager provided that the Manager shall remain liable to the Company for the affiliate’s performance.
Pursuant to the Management Agreement and subject to the supervision and direction of the Company’s Board of Directors, the Manager performs services for the Company including the purchase, sale and management of real estate and other real estate-related assets, the day-to-day management of the Company and the performance of certain administrative duties. For performing these services, the Company pays the Manager a monthly base management fee in arrears equal to 1/12 of the sum of (i) 2.0% of the first $400 million of the Company’s equity, (ii) 1.5% of equity in an amount in excess of $400 million and up to $800 million and (iii) 1.25% of equity in excess of $800 million. For purposes of calculating the base management fee, the Company’s equity equals the month-end value, computed in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles, of the Company’s stockholders’ equity, adjusted to exclude the effect of any unrealized gains, losses or other items that do not affect realized net income.
In addition, the Manager is entitled to receive a quarterly incentive fee in an amount, not less than zero, equal to the product of (i) 25% of the dollar amount by which (a) funds from operations (as defined in the Management Agreement) of the Company for such quarter per share of Common Stock (based on the weighted average number of shares outstanding for such quarter) exceeds (b) an amount equal to (A) the weighted average of the price per share of Common Stock in the 144A Offering, and the prices per share of Common Stock in any subsequent offerings by the Company multiplied by (B) the greater of (1) 2.25% and (2) .875% plus one fourth of the ten-year U.S. treasury rate for such quarter, multiplied by (ii) the weighted average number of shares of Common Stock outstanding during such quarter. “Funds From Operations” as defined in the Management Agreement is net income (computed in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles) before incentive compensation and including base management fees, excluding gains or losses from debt restructuring and sales of property, plus depreciation and amortization on real estate assets, and after adjustments for unconsolidated partnerships and joint ventures.
The following table summarizes management fees incurred by the Company for the three and six months ending June 30, 2007 and 2006, respectively.
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | For the Three Months Ended June 30, | | For the Six Months Ended June 30, |
| | 2007 | | 2006 | | 2007 | | 2006 |
Base management fees | | $ | 1,850 | | $ | 1,914 | | $ | 3,705 | | $ | 3,836 |
Incentive fees | | | 235 | | | — | | | 387 | | | — |
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
Total management fees | | $ | 2,085 | | $ | 1,914 | | $ | 4,092 | | $ | 3,836 |
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
22
At June 30, 2007 and December 31, 2006, $1.2 million and $1.9 million, respectively, related to unpaid base management fees are included in due to affiliate in the accompanying consolidated balance sheets. In addition, at June 30, 2007, $0.2 million related to unpaid incentive fees are included in due to affiliate in the accompanying consolidated balance sheet. There was no unpaid incentive fee as of December 31, 2006.
The Management Agreement also provides that the Company is required to reimburse the Manager for certain expenses incurred by the Manager on the Company’s behalf, including the Company’s pro rata share of overhead expenses of the Manager required for the Company’s operations. In November 2006, retroactive to January 1, 2006, the independent members of the Board of Directors approved an amendment to the Management Agreement to provide that the allocable overhead reimbursement will be fixed at an amount equal to $0.5 million per annum for 2006, and in each calendar year thereafter, subject to approval by the independent members of the Board of Directors, $0.5 million multiplied by the sum of (a) one plus (b) the percentage increase in the Consumer Price Index (“CPI”) for the applicable year over the CPI for the calendar year 2006. For the three and six months ended June 30, 2007 and 2006, overhead reimbursements were approximately $0.1 million and $0.3 million, respectively. The Manager may also be paid or reimbursed for the costs of providing other services that outside professionals or consultants otherwise would provide on the Company’s behalf. If such services are provided by the Manager, the reimbursement for such services will be no greater than what management believes would be paid to outside professionals, consultants or other third parties on an arm’s length basis. In accordance with the provisions of the Management Agreement, the Company recorded reimbursements for other services provided by the Manager of zero and $17 in the three and six months ended June 30, 2007 and $17 and $34 in the three and six months ended June 30, 2006, respectively, which are included in general and administrative expenses in the accompanying consolidated statements of operations. At June 30, 2007 and December 31, 2006, $64 and $0.2 million, respectively, of expenses to be reimbursed were unpaid and included in due to affiliate in the accompanying consolidated balance sheets.
Under the Management Agreement, the Manager is responsible for all costs, except as otherwise noted, incidental to the performance of its duties under the Management Agreement, including employment compensation (other than awards made by us under the equity incentive plan) of J.E. Robert Company, Inc., an affiliated entity, personnel who perform services for us pursuant to the Management Agreement.
Each CMBS securitization requires that a special servicer be appointed by the purchaser controlling the most subordinated non-investment grade class of securities. Because the Manager does not have special servicer status, it appoints J.E. Robert Company, Inc. or another entity that has special servicer status, as the special servicer whenever the Company acquires a controlling interest in the most subordinated non-investment grade class of a CMBS securitization. J.E. Robert Company, Inc. earned $1.1 million and $0.8 million in fees as special servicer during the three months ended June 30, 2007 and 2006, respectively and $2.2 million and $1.3 million in fees as special servicer during the six months ended June 30, 2007 and 2006, respectively. All fees due to J.E. Robert Company, Inc. as special servicer are paid either by the applicable securitization vehicles or the borrower and not directly by the Company and such fees are consistent with traditional, well established market standards and are set as part of the arms-length negotiations to acquire such CMBS bonds from the issuer. However, because we generally own the first loss position in these same CMBS issuances, payment of special servicing fees to J.E. Robert Company, Inc. may reduce the amounts available to pay us pursuant to the terms of the applicable CMBS trusts.
In connection with CDO II (See Note 6-Loans and Notes Payable), a wholly owned subsidiary of the Company entered into a Collateral Administration Agreement with J.E. Robert Company, Inc. (the “Collateral Administrator”), pursuant to which the Collateral Administrator has agreed to advise the wholly owned subsidiary of the Company on certain matters regarding the collateral interests and other eligible investments securing the notes. The Collateral Administrator will receive two fees payable on a monthly basis, with the first fee equal to 1/12 of 0.075% of the Monthly Asset Amount, as defined in the CDO II indenture, and the second fee equal to 1/12 of 0.05% of the Monthly Asset Amount, as defined in the CDO II indenture, each fee payable with different priorities as set forth in the applicable indenture. During the three and six months ended June 30, 2007, $0.4 million and $0.7 million, respectively, of collateral administration fees are reflected in general and administrative expenses in the accompanying consolidated statements of operations. At June 30, 2007 and December 31, 2006, $23 and $16, respectively, of unpaid collateral administration fees were unpaid and included in due to affiliate in the accompanying consolidated balance sheets. These fee schedules were approved by the independent members of the Company’s Board of Directors.
During the six months ended June 30, 2007, the Company invested in a first mortgage loan participation with a cost basis of $30.0 million, and two mezzanine loan participations with a cost basis of $49.4 million, where an affiliated entity of the Manager held a controlling equity interest in the borrower. The acquisition of these loans to affiliated borrowers was approved by the independent members of our Board of Directors as required by investment guidelines. During the six months ended June 30, 2007, the Company received repayments on loans to affiliated borrowers aggregating $20.4 million. At June 30, 2007, loans to affiliated entities had an unamortized cost basis of $124.0 million and an unpaid principal balance of $124.6 million.
23
During the year ended December 31, 2005, the Company originated mezzanine loans with an affiliated entity of the Manager totaling $63.4 million. The ownership was allocated equally between the Company and the affiliated entity, with the Company’s share of the initial loans equal to $31.7 million. At June 30, 2007, there was $18.9 million outstanding related to these loans.
12. | STOCK OPTION AND INCENTIVE AWARD PLAN |
In June 2004, the Company adopted the Nonqualified Stock Option and Incentive Award Plan, (the “Plan”), which provides for awards under the Plan in the form of stock options, stock appreciation rights, restricted stock, other equity-based incentive awards and cash. Officers, directors and employees of the Company and of the Manager and its affiliates as well as the Manager and other third parties are eligible to receive awards under the Plan. The Plan has a term of ten years and limits the awards to a maximum of 1,150,000 shares of Common Stock, unless the Plan is amended.
In accordance with the Plan, a total of 345,000 shares of Common Stock were issued to the Manager and the independent directors in 2004. As consideration for the Manager’s role in raising capital for the Company, the Manager was granted an award of 335,000 shares of stock upon the closing of the 144A Offering. As discussed below under “Registration Rights Agreement,” one-half of the shares granted to the Manager are subject to a risk of forfeiture. Additionally, each independent director was granted 2,000 shares of restricted stock upon the date of the first board meeting of the Board of Directors attended by the independent director. Each independent director receives an additional 2,000 shares of restricted stock annually pursuant to the Plan. One-half of the shares granted to the independent directors vest immediately and the remaining one-half vest one year from the date of grant, subject to the grantee’s continued service as a member of the Board of Directors of the Company.
In accordance with the Plan, in May 2006, Mark Weiss, our President and an employee of an affiliate of the Manager, was awarded 60,000 restricted shares of common stock and 150,000 stock options on the Company’s common stock subject to vesting over five years. 50% of these shares vest ratably over five years, subject to continued employment with affiliates of our Manager. The remaining 50% of these shares vest subject to continued employment with affiliates of our Manager and graded vesting commencing in June 2009 based on achievement of certain market or performance conditions.
In April 2007, certain officers of the Company and employees of an affiliate of the Manager were awarded 124,500 restricted shares of common stock subject, in each case, to vesting over three years. 50% of these shares vest ratably over three years, subject to continued employment with affiliates of our Manager. The remaining 50% of these shares vest subject to continued employment with affiliates of our Manager and graded vesting commencing in March 2008 based on achievement of certain market conditions. As of June 30, 2007, 1,500 of these restricted shares had been forfeited.
On May 30, 2007, our stockholders approved an amendment to the Plan (the “Amended Plan”) and adopted the Nonqualified Stock Option and Incentive Award Plan for Manager Only (the “Manager Plan”). The Amended Plan applies to directors, officers, employees, advisors, consultants and other personnel of the Company, our manager and J.E. Robert Company who are natural persons and the Manager Plan applies to our manager or other consultants to the Company that are not natural persons. The aggregate number of shares of Common Stock that may be issued under the Plan and the Manager Plan (collectively, the “Amended Plans”) is subject to a combined maximum limit (subject to the exceptions described below), which means that if shares of Common Stock are issued under the Amended Plan, less shares of Common Stock will be available for issuance under the Manager Plan. Correspondingly, if shares of Common Stock are issued under the Manager Plan, less shares of Common Stock will be available for issuance under the Amended Plan. The Amended Plans are administered by and all awards granted in accordance with the Amended Plans are subject to the approval of our Board of Directors or, at the Board of Directors’ sole discretion, by a committee the Board of Directors may appoint to administer the Plan (the “Committee”).
The Amended Plans provide for the granting of (i) nonqualified stock options, (ii) stock appreciation rights, (iii) restricted stock, (iv) performance awards, (v) outperformance awards and (vi) other stock-based and non-stock based awards, as may be determined by the Committee. The Amended Plans provide that (1) 106,250 shares may be awarded as restricted stock; (2) up to 1,000,000 shares may be issued as outperformance awards; and (3) 0.5% of the number of shares of Common Stock outstanding as of the effective date of the Amended Plans may be awarded as restricted stock, options or other awards under the Amended Plans. The Amended Plans also provide that the number of shares described in (3) above will increase each year by the lesser of 500,000 or 0.5% of the number of shares of Common Stock outstanding on the last day of the immediately preceding fiscal year.
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The Amended Plans also allow for the granting of outperformance awards. Outperformance awards (which are described in more detail below) will be awarded to designated members of the Company’s senior management team or other key employees of J.E. Robert Company. Outperformance awards are designed to deliver value only if the Company successfully creates value for stockholders based on the total return to stockholders in excess of a threshold amount as determined by the Committee and subject to certain conditions. Pursuant to the adoption of the outperfomance awards, we increased the maximum number of shares of Common Stock reserved and available for issuance at any time under the Plan by 1,000,000 shares of Common Stock for the outperformance awards. Such shares may only be issued as outperformance awards pursuant to the terms and conditions of the Amended Plans.
In accordance with the Amended Plans, on the first business day after the annual stockholders’ meeting of the Company, and on the first business day after each such annual meeting of the Company thereafter during the term of the Amended Plans, each person who is a non-officer director at the time of such meeting will be granted such amount of shares of restricted stock or restricted stock units as determined by the Committee prior to the applicable annual stockholders’ meeting. One-half of the shares or share units subject to each non officer director award will not be subject to a risk of forfeiture on the date of grant, and the other one-half of the shares or share units will be subject to a risk of forfeiture for one year from the date of grant. In addition, the non officer director will not be able to sell, assign, transfer, pledge, hypothecate or otherwise dispose of any of the shares or share units subject to each non officer director award for one year from the date of grant. With respect to grants of restricted share units, units will be payable to each non officer director in shares within such time period following separation from service with the Company as a non officer director as determined by the committee prior to the applicable annual shareholders’ meeting.
In June 2007, 10,000 total shares of restricted stock were awarded to the five independent directors related to the annual awards.
A reconciliation of unvested restricted stock awards to directors and employees of an affiliate of the Manager at June 30, 2007 is as follows:
| | | | | | |
| | Directors | | | Employees of an Affiliate of the Manager | |
Unvested Shares at January 1, 2007 | | 5,000 | | | 60,000 | |
Granted | | 10,000 | | | 124,500 | |
Vested | | (10,000 | ) | | (6,000 | ) |
Forfeited | | — | | | (1,500 | ) |
| | | | | | |
Unvested Shares at June 30, 2007 | | 5,000 | | | 177,000 | |
| | | | | | |
In accordance with the provisions of SFAS 123(R), non-employee directors are deemed employees for purposes of applying the statement. Accordingly, the awards granted to directors are measured at their grant date fair value. Compensation expense related to the immediately vesting shares is recognized on the grant date and the remaining compensation expense is recognized on the straight line basis over the one year vesting period.
Based on the definition of an employee in SFAS 123(R), the awards to the Manager, and employees of an affiliate of the Manager are considered non-employee awards. In accordance with EITF 96-18, and as no performance commitment existed at the grant date for any of the awards, compensation expense related to these non-employee awards is initially measured at fair value at the grant date, remeasured at subsequent dates to the extent the awards are unvested, and amortized into expense over the vesting period on a straight-line basis for awards with service conditions only. Awards with a graded vesting schedule that contain performance or market conditions are treated as in-substance separate awards and the fair value is amortized to expense over the vesting period on a straight-line basis for each vesting tranche.
The fair value of restricted share awards with service or performance conditions only is equal to the closing stock price on the measurement date, which varies for employee and non-employee awards as discussed above. In accordance with SFAS 123(R), the amount of expense recorded over the vesting period is adjusted based on estimated and actual forfeitures and whether the performance conditions are considered probable of achievement.
The fair value of restricted share awards that contain market conditions is determined using a stochastic model employing a Monte Carlo method as of each measurement date. This model evaluates the awards for changing stock prices over the term of vesting and uses random situations that are based on past stock characteristics as well as income growth and other factors. The following are the average assumptions used to value awards as of June 30, 2007:
| | |
Dividend yield | | 10.0% |
Dividend growth rate (annual) | | 6.50% |
Risk-free rate | | 4.89% |
Expected stock price volatility | | 26.0% |
Term | | 1-5 years |
The expected volatility was based upon the historical volatility of our daily share closing prices. The risk-free interest rate used was based on a yield curve derived from U.S. Treasury zero-coupon bonds on the date of grant with a maturity equal to the market condition performance periods. The expected term used equals the market condition performance periods.
At each measurement date, the fair value of stock options is determined using the Black-Scholes option pricing model for options with service or performance conditions only. For options with market conditions, a discount is taken from such fair value based on the probability of achievement of the market condition. The following assumptions were used in determining the fair value of the May 2006 option grants as of June 30, 2007:
| | |
Exercise price | | 17.75 |
Dividend yield | | 10.0% |
Risk-free interest rate | | 4.93% |
Expected stock price volatility | | 26.0% |
Expected life | | 4.5-6.5 years |
The expected volatility was based upon the historical volatility of our daily share closing prices. The risk-free interest rate used was based on a yield curve derived from U.S. Treasury zero-coupon bonds on the date of grant with a maturity equal to the market condition performance periods. The expected life used was calculated using the simplified method in SAB 107.
Share-based payment compensation expense of $0.2 million was recognized during the three and six months ended June 30, 2007, respectively. Share-based payment compensation expense of $0.1 million was recognized during the three and six months ended June 30, 2006, respectively. As of June 30, 2007, unrecognized compensation expense related to nonvested awards was $1.6 million to vest over the next four years.
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Summary information about the Company’s stock options outstanding at June 30, 2007 is as follows:
| | | | | |
| | Options Outstanding | | Weighted-Average Exercise Price |
Outstanding at January 1, 2007 | | 150,000 | | $ | 17.75 |
Granted | | — | | $ | — |
Exercised | | — | | $ | — |
Expired or forfeited | | — | | $ | — |
| | | | | |
Outstanding at June 30, 2007 | | 150,000 | | $ | 17.75 |
| | | | | |
Options exercisable at June 30, 2007 | | 15,000 | | $ | 17.75 |
| | | | | |
13. | REGISTRATION RIGHTS AGREEMENT |
At the time of the 144A Offering, the Company entered into a Registration Rights Agreement that required, among other things, it file with the Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”) no later than nine months following the closing of the 144A Offering either a registration statement providing for the initial public offering of the Company’s common stock or a shelf registration statement providing for the resale of shares of the Company’s common stock sold in the 144A Offering. Additionally, if the Company consummated an initial public offering, the Company was also required to file a shelf registration statement providing for the resale of shares of the Company’s common stock not sold in the initial public offering within 90 days after the consummation of the initial public offering and to use its commercially reasonable efforts to cause such registration statement to be declared effective by the SEC as promptly as practicable after the filing of the shelf registration statement.
The registration statement providing for the initial public offering of the Company’s common stock was declared effective by the SEC on July 13, 2005 and the Company’s common stock began trading on the New York Stock Exchange on July 14, 2005. In addition, on October 4, 2005, in accordance with the Registration Rights Agreement, the Company filed a shelf registration statement providing for the resale of a certain number of shares of the Company’s common stock not sold in the initial public offering. The SEC declared such shelf registration statement effective on December 8, 2005.
To the extent that the Company does not meet the remaining requirements of the Registration Rights Agreement with respect to the shelf registration statement, including the obligation to file, when and as required, any documents or other materials necessary to effect, or maintain the effectiveness of the shelf registration statement until certain dates set forth in the Registration Rights Agreement, one-half of the shares originally granted to the Manager as discussed under the Stock Option and Incentive Award Plan above are subject to forfeiture except as a result of circumstances outside the reasonable control of the Manager. Additionally, payment of incentive fees, if any, to the Manager would be suspended until the Company is in compliance with the registration obligations discussed above, at which time all suspended amounts are due and payable.
Repayments
Subsequent to June 30, 2007, the Company received $9.5 million of partial repayments of an outstanding principal balance on a mezzanine loan with an outstanding principal balance of $15.7 million at June 30, 2007.
On July 31, 2007, the Company received a $11.5 million full repayment of an outstanding principal balance on a mezzanine loan investment. In connection with the repayment, the Company also received $0.1 million in contractually scheduled interest income in accordance with the loan agreement.
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Financing
On July 3, 2007, the Company borrowed $29.3 million under its repurchase agreement with Goldman Sachs.
Subsequent to June 30, 2007 and through August 8, 2007, the Company repaid $15.1 million under its repurchase agreement with Goldman Sachs, of which $4.3 million related to margin calls on collateral.
The Company has provided written notice and made necessary payments to Goldman Sachs in order to exercise its first extension option and extend the repurchase agreement facility for a term of three months until January 1, 2008.
Other
On July 27, 2007, the Company granted 12,500 shares of restricted stock to an employee of an affiliate of the Manager. The shares vest over three years beginning in April 2008 based on continued employment with no performance or market condition.
On July 31, 2007, the Company paid dividends to holders of its common stock of $11.6 million, or $0.45 per share of common stock, to shareholders of record on June 29, 2007.
Primarily due to the loan repayments and repurchase agreement borrowings subsequent to June 30, 2007, unrestricted cash balances have increased from $8.5 million at June 30, 2007 to approximately $37.0 million at August 8, 2007.
ITEM 2. | MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS |
The following should be read in conjunction with the consolidated financial statements and notes included herein. Amounts are presented in thousands except for share and per share data and as otherwise noted.
General
JER Investors Trust Inc. is a specialty finance company organized by J.E. Robert Company, Inc. primarily to originate and acquire real estate debt securities and loans. We were formed in April 2004 and we completed our initial public offering in July 2005. We are externally managed and advised by JER Commercial Debt Advisors LLC (the “manager”), an affiliate of J.E. Robert Company, Inc. J.E. Robert Company, Inc. and its affiliates are a fully integrated real estate investment management firm. We capitalize on the knowledge and substantial resources of J.E. Robert Company, Inc. and its affiliates and take advantage of the growing volume and complexity of commercial real estate structured finance products by investing primarily in loans and debt securities that we believe will yield the highest risk-adjusted returns. Our target investments include commercial real estate structured finance products such as commercial mortgage backed securities (commonly known as CMBS), mezzanine loans and B-Note participations in mortgage loans, as well as whole commercial mortgage loans, loans to real estate companies, preferred equity, and net leased real estate. We may also invest in residential mortgages and related securities. We pursue a selective investment strategy, targeting specific transactions based on an analysis of debt structure and taking into account the underlying real estate and borrower credit risk. We are organized and conduct our operations in a manner intended to qualify as a real estate investment trust, or REIT, for Federal income tax purposes.
J.E. Robert Company, Inc. was founded in 1981 to provide expertise to public and private financial institutions in resolving real estate loan workout situations. Since its founding, the firm has been active in all facets of the commercial real estate debt markets, including sourcing, due diligence, valuation, acquisition, asset management and disposition. J.E. Robert Company, Inc. primarily conducts its real estate investment management activities on a global basis through a series of private equity funds, which we refer to as the JER Funds.
We are organized and conduct our operations to qualify as a REIT for Federal income tax purposes. As a REIT, among other restrictions and limitations, we will generally not be subject to Federal income tax on that portion of our income that is distributed to stockholders if we distribute at least 90% of our REIT taxable income to our stockholders by the due date of our federal income tax return and comply with various other requirements.
In June 2004, we sold 11,500,000 shares of common stock in a private placement offering for net proceeds of approximately $160.1 million. Additionally, we issued 335,000 shares of common stock to our manager and an aggregate of 6,000 shares of restricted common stock to our independent directors pursuant to the Plan at the time of the closing of the private placement. In July 2004, when James Kimsey and Frank Caufield joined our Board of Directors, we issued each of them 2,000 additional shares of restricted common stock pursuant to the Plan.
In July 2005, the Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”) declared effective our registration statement on Form S-11 (File No. 333-122802) (the “Registration Statement”) relating to (a) our initial public offering (the “IPO”) of up to 13,832,025 shares of common stock, including 1,832,025 shares of common stock pursuant to an over-allotment option granted to the underwriters and (b) the offering by selling stockholders of 213,499 shares of common stock through the underwriters. On July 19, 2005, we issued a total of 12,000,000 shares of common stock in the IPO, at a price to the public of $17.75 per share. We did not receive any proceeds from the sale by the selling stockholders of 213,499 shares of common stock, at a price to the public of $17.75 per share.
In August 2005, the underwriters exercised their option to purchase an additional 1,832,025 shares of common stock at $17.75 to cover over-allotments. The net proceeds to us on the sale of 12,000,000 shares in the IPO and the 1,832,025 pursuant to the over-allotment option was $226.4 million after deducting the underwriting discount and offering expenses. The net proceeds of the IPO were primarily used to pay down indebtedness.
In April 2007, we granted 124,500 shares to certain officers and employees of an affiliate of our manager. In May 2006, we granted Mark Weiss, our president, 60,000 restricted shares of common stock and 150,000 stock options on our common stock. As of June 30, 2007, we had a total of 25,890,035 shares of common stock issued and outstanding. As of June 30, 2007, we have granted an aggregate of 40,000 shares of restricted stock to our independent directors.
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Trends
Competition: We expect to face increased competition for our targeted investments. However, overall, we expect that the size and growth of the market for these investments, as well as the continuing trend of tranching and further retranching commercial mortgage loans into new securities that are packaged and resold, will continue over the long term to provide us with a variety of investment opportunities. In the short to medium term, there is likely to be periods of growth and contraction in the market. We believe borrowers need a full range of financing opportunities to make acquisitions, particularly on larger assets where substantial equity commitments are required.
We believe that the overall subordinated debt market, which includes B-notes, mezzanine debt and preferred equity, is growing because purchasers of commercial real estate are increasingly using subordinated debt financing to reduce their required equity investment and to attain greater leverage on their equity. However, at the same time, over the long term, we believe that there is and will continue to be significant competition among providers of subordinated debt financing, which could result in declining interest rate spreads on B-note, mezzanine debt and preferred equity investments. There is likely to be periods of growth and contraction in the market and resulting significant changes in credit spreads and overall interest rates on b-notes, mezzanine debt and preferred equity investments. Finally, with an increase in competition for our targeted investments, we believe some lenders may be willing to accept relatively higher levels of risk with respect to the type of assets that collateralize the loans as well as the terms under which they are willing to lend monies. If we are unwilling to accept the relatively higher levels of risk associated with these loans, we may not be able to acquire or originate investments associated with such relatively higher risk loans. Alternatively, if we are willing to accept the relatively higher levels of risk associated with these loans and do acquire or originate investments that are associated with such loans, we may increase our overall risk of impairment and loss associated with such loans.
Rising Interest Rate Environment: We believe that interest rates are likely to increase over the long term. There is likely to be periods of significant fluctuation in interest rates. With respect to our existing and future floating rate investments, we believe such interest rate increases should result in increases in our net interest income. Similarly, we believe such an increase in interest rates should generally result in an increase in our net interest income on future fixed interest rate investments made by us. Conversely, in periods of rising interest rates, existing investments may be exposed to more credit risk due to potentially higher capitalization rates resulting in a possible decline in collateral property values as well as potentially decreasing the proceeds from a refinancing. Further, in periods of rising interest rates, prepayments on mortgage loans generally decrease, in which case we would not have the prepayment proceeds available to invest in assets with higher yields. With respect to our existing fixed rate investments, we believe our strategy of financing such assets through a match-funded collateralized debt obligations (“CDOs”), combined with utilizing interest rate swaps prior to the execution of a CDO, allows us to mitigate reductions in net interest income. Nevertheless, we may not be able to successfully match fund liabilities associated with our investments if market conditions deteriorate for issuance of CDOs. Most recently, we have seen widening of borrowing spreads and a potential decrease in leverage in the commercial real estate commercial debt obligations (“CRE CDOs”) market. The general weakening in the CRE CDO market could have a negative impact on our leveraged returns and our ability to successfully match fund liabilities associated with our investments.
Credit Spreads:We believe that credit spreads applicable to our targeted investments will periodically fluctuate based on changes in supply and demand. While we expect that supply will vary from quarter to quarter, we expect supply to continue to increase over the long term based on the growing securitization market and the increased tranching of real estate debt. We expect demand to vary based on the investor perception of the associated credit risk in consideration of the current underwriting practices, the adequacy of ratings provided by the rating agencies and the investor assessment of the current and future real estate market fundamentals. Demand may be further influenced by investor expectations regarding the ability to finance these assets, currently or in the future. We expect that credit spreads will increase during periods of perceived higher credit risk and decline during periods of perceived lower credit risk.
Most recently, we have seen a significant widening of credit spreads in the subordinate CMBS market which includes bonds rated BB+ through NR classes, and significant widening of credit spreads in the lowest investment grade tranche, or BBB- classes. Finally, we have seen widening of credit spreads on real estate loans, including B-notes, mezzanine loans and whole loans. Given the current volatility in the capital markets, the Company can not predict changes in the market value of collateral and potential margin call requirements, if any, under its repurchase agreement facilities.
As a result of such spread widening and generally higher treasury and swap rates, we have had margin calls on our repurchase agreement facilities based upon fair market value determinations of the underlying collateral. During the three months ended June 30, 2007, such margin calls totaled $13.1 million and there have been $4.3 million of margin calls subsequent to June 30, 2007 through August 8, 2007.
Critical Accounting Policies
Our most critical accounting policies relate to investment consolidation, revenue recognition, securities valuation, loan loss provisions, derivative accounting and income taxes. Each of these items involves estimates
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that require management to make judgments that are subjective in nature. We rely on J.E. Robert Company, Inc. and its affiliates’ experience and analysis of historical and current market data in order to arrive at what we believe to be reasonable estimates. Under different conditions, we could report materially different amounts using these critical accounting policies.
Investment Consolidation. For each investment we make, we evaluate the underlying entity that issued the securities we acquired or to which we made a loan in order to determine the appropriate accounting. We refer to guidance in SFAS No. 140, Accounting for Transfers and Servicing of Financial Assets and Extinguishments of Liabilities, and FIN 46(R),Consolidation of Variable Interest Entities,in performing our analysis. FIN 46(R) addresses the application of Accounting Research Bulletin No. 51, “Consolidated Financial Statements,” to certain entities in which voting rights are not effective in identifying an investor with a controlling financial interest. An entity is considered a variable interest entity (“VIE”) and subject to consolidation under FIN 46(R) if the investors either do not have sufficient equity at risk for the entity to finance its activities without additional subordinated financial support, are unable to direct the entity’s activities, or are not exposed to the entity’s losses or entitled to its residual returns. Variable interest entities within the scope of FIN 46(R) are required to be consolidated by their primary beneficiary. The primary beneficiary of a variable interest entity is determined to be the party that absorbs a majority of the entity’s expected losses, its expected returns, or both.
Our ownership of the subordinated classes of CMBS from a single issuer gives us the right to control the foreclosure/workout process on the underlying loans (“Controlling Class CMBS”). FIN 46(R) has certain scope exceptions, one of which provides that an enterprise that holds a variable interest in a qualifying special-purpose entity (“QSPE”) does not consolidate that entity unless that enterprise has the unilateral ability to cause the entity to liquidate. SFAS No. 140 provides the requirements for an entity to be considered a QSPE. To maintain the QSPE exception, the trust must continue to meet the QSPE criteria both initially and in subsequent periods. A trust’s QSPE status can be impacted in future periods by activities of its transferor(s) or other involved parties, including the manner in which certain servicing activities are performed. To the extent our CMBS investments were issued by a trust that meets the requirements to be considered a QSPE, we record the investments at the purchase price paid. To the extent the underlying trusts are not QSPEs, we follow the guidance set forth in FIN 46(R) as the trusts would be considered VIEs.
We have analyzed the governing pooling and servicing agreements for each of our subordinated class CMBS investments and believe the terms are consistent with industry standards and the QSPE criteria. However, there is uncertainty with respect to QSPE treatment due to ongoing review by accounting standard setters, potential actions by various parties involved with the QSPE, as discussed above, as well as varying and evolving interpretations of the QSPE criteria under SFAS No. 140. Additionally, the standard setters continue to review the FIN 46(R) provisions related to the computations used to determine the primary beneficiary of a VIE. Future guidance from the standard setters may require us to consolidate CMBS trusts in which we have invested.
The non-investment grade and unrated tranches of the CMBS owned by us provide credit support to the more senior classes of the related commercial securitizations. Cash flow from the underlying mortgages is generally allocated first to the senior tranches, with the most senior tranches having a priority right to the cash flow. Any remaining cash flow is allocated, generally, among the other tranches in order of their relative seniority. To the extent there are defaults and unrecoverable losses on the underlying mortgages resulting in reduced cash flows, the remaining CMBS classes will bear such losses in order of their relative subordination.
The table below details information about our CMBS investments, including the purchase date, the face amount of the total CMBS issuance, the original face amount of our CMBS investments, and the amortized cost of our CMBS investments as of June 30, 2007 and December 31, 2006:
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| | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
CMBS Trust | | Investment Date | | Total Face Amount of CMBS Issuance | | Original Face Amount of Investment | | Amortized Cost as of |
| | | | June 30, 2007 | | December 31, 2006 |
MACH One 2004-1 | | July 2004 | | $ | 643,261 | | $ | 50,637 | | $ | 18,932 | | $ | 18,611 |
CSFB 1998-C1 | | August 2004 | | | 2,482,942 | | | 12,500 | | | 9,434 | | | 9,316 |
CSFB 2004-C4 | | November 2004 | | | 1,138,077 | | | 52,976 | | | 22,545 | | | 22,547 |
MLMT 2004-BPC1 | | November 2004 | | | 1,242,650 | | | 76,986 | | | 26,521 | | | 26,535 |
JPMCC 2004-C3 | | December 2004 | | | 1,517,410 | | | 81,561 | | | 35,810 | | | 35,872 |
JPMCC 2005-CIBC11 | | March 2005 | | | 1,800,969 | | | 70,035 | | | 34,038 | | | 34,096 |
BACM 2005 | | April 2005 | | | 2,322,091 | | | 84,663 | | | 41,679 | | | 41,739 |
LB UBS 2005-C2 | | April 2005 | | | 1,942,131 | | | 7,000 | | | 4,319 | | | 4,308 |
CSFB 2005-C2 | | May 2005 | | | 1,614,084 | | | 82,261 | | | 38,988 | | | 38,971 |
LB UBS 2005-C3 | | June 2005 | | | 2,060,632 | | | 39,335 | | | 19,707 | | | 19,780 |
JPMCC 2005-CIBC12 | | July 2005 | | | 2,167,039 | | | 70,429 | | | 34,685 | | | 34,857 |
JPMCC 2005-LDP4 | | September 2005 | | | 2,677,075 | | | 90,352 | | | 48,768 | | | 48,801 |
MSCI 2005-IQ10 | | October 2005 | | | 1,546,863 | | | 55,274 | | | 30,728 | | | 30,755 |
MLMT 2005 CKI1 | | December 2005 | | | 3,073,749 | | | 96,066 | | | 51,834 | | | 51,976 |
MSC 2006 HQ8 | | March 2006 | | | 2,731,231 | | | 105,707 | | | 62,138 | | | 62,093 |
JPMCC 2006-CIBC15 | | June 2006 | | | 2,118,303 | | | 71,493 | | | 37,648 | | | 37,845 |
CGCMT 2006-C4 | | June 2006 | | | 2,263,536 | | | 84,395 | | | 50,909 | | | 51,043 |
MSCI 2006-HQ9 | | August 2006 | | | 2,565,238 | | | 81,338 | | | 48,722 | | | 48,850 |
MLMT 2006-C2 | | August 2006 | | | 1,542,697 | | | 60,067 | | | 38,257 | | | 38,259 |
JPMCC 2006-LDP8 | | September 2006 | | | 3,066,028 | | | 107,158 | | | 64,447 | | | 64,642 |
CD 2006-CD3 | | October 2006 | | | 3,571,361 | | | 110,713 | | | 62,945 | | | 63,245 |
MSCI 2007-HQ11 | | February 2007 | | | 2,417,647 | | | 89,530 | | | 58,575 | | | — |
GCCFC 2007-GG9 | | March 2007 | | | 6,575,924 | | | 34,167 | | | 30,946 | | | — |
JPMCC 2007-LDP10 | | March 2007 | | | 5,331,517 | | | 151,616 | | | 85,991 | | | — |
WAMU 2007-SL3 | | June 2007 | | | 1,284,473 | | | 6,500 | | | 5,720 | | | — |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Total | | | | $ | 59,696,928 | | $ | 1,772,759 | | $ | 964,286 | | $ | 784,141 |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Our maximum exposure to loss as a result of our investment in these securities totaled $964.3 million and $784.1 million as of June 30, 2007 and December 31, 2006, respectively.
The financing structures we offer to our borrowers on certain of our loans involve the creation of entities that could be deemed VIEs and, therefore, could be subject to FIN 46(R). We have evaluated these entities and have concluded that none of them are VIEs that are subject to consolidation under FIN 46(R).
In April 2007, the Company created a trust subsidiary for the purpose of issuing trust preferred securities. The trust is considered a VIE under FIN 46(R) and it was determined that the Company is not the primary beneficiary of the trust. Accordingly, the trust is accounted for using the equity method. See Liquidity and Capital Resources- Junior Subordinated Debentures for additional information.
We determine if our real estate loans should be accounted for as loans, real estate investments or equity method joint ventures in accordance with AICPA Practice Bulletin No. 1 on acquisition, development or construction (“ADC”) arrangements. To date, we have accounted for all of our arrangements as loans based on the guidance set forth in the Practice Bulletin.
We acquire participating interests in commercial real estate first mortgage loans and mezzanine loans. When we initially invests in loan participations, they are evaluated under SFAS No. 115,Accounting for Certain Investments in Debt and Equity Securities, to determine whether the participation interest meets the definition of a debt security. To the extent a given loan participation meets the definition of a debt security, the participation will be accounted for according to the guidance in SFAS No. 115. Those loan participations that do not meet the definition of a debt security are accounted for as loans, and are initially recorded at the purchase price, which is generally at or near par value, and are carried on the balance sheet at amortized cost. To date, the Company has determined that none of the participation interests acquired met the definition of a debt security. See additional information regarding loan accounting and revenue recognition below underRevenue Recognition.
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Revenue Recognition. The most significant source of our revenue comes from interest income on our securities and loan investments. Interest income on loans and securities investments is recognized over the life of the investment using the effective interest method. Mortgage loans will generally be originated or purchased at or near par value and interest income will be recognized based on the contractual terms of the debt instrument. Any discounts or premiums on purchased loans and loan fees or acquisition costs on originated loans will be deferred and recognized over the term of the loan as an adjustment to yield in accordance with SFAS No. 91,Accounting for Nonrefundable Fees and Costs Associated with Originating or Acquiring Loans and Initial Direct Costs of Leases. Any unamortized balance of purchased premiums or discounts and loan origination or acquisitions costs are included as a part of the cost basis of the asset. Exit fees received from prepayments of loans are recognized in the current period and included in interest income. Interest income on CMBS is recognized by the effective interest method as required by EITF 99-20,Recognition of Interest Income and Impairment on Purchased and Retained Beneficial Interests in Securitized Financial Assets. Under EITF 99-20, management estimates, at the time of purchase, the future expected cash flows and determines the effective interest rate based on these estimated cash flows and our purchase prices. Subsequent to the purchase and on a quarterly basis, these estimated cash flows are updated and a revised yield is calculated based on the current amortized cost of the investment. In estimating these cash flows, there are a number of assumptions that are subject to uncertainties and contingencies. These include the rate and timing of principal payments (including prepayments, repurchases, defaults and liquidations), the pass through or coupon rate and interest rate fluctuations. In addition, interest payment shortfalls due to delinquencies on the underlying mortgage loans, and the timing of and magnitude of credit losses on the mortgage loans underlying the securities have to be judgmentally estimated. These uncertainties and contingencies are difficult to predict and are subject to future events that may impact management’s estimates and our interest income. As a result, actual results may differ significantly from these estimates.
When the present value of current period estimates of future cash flows are lower than the present value of previous period estimates, as adjusted for principal and loan payments, and the current fair value is less than an asset’s carrying value, we will write down the asset to the current fair market value and record an other than temporary impairment through a charge to current period earnings. After taking into account the effect of the impairment charge, income is recognized using the market yield for the security used in establishing the current fair market value.
Lease income from leased real estate assets is recognized on a straight-line basis over the terms of the lease in accordance with SFAS No. 13. As of June 30, 2007 and December 31, 2006, $0.9 million and $48, respectively, of rent recognized as income in excess of amounts contractually due pursuant to the underlying leases were included in other assets on the accompanying balance sheets. We may establish, on a current basis, an allowance against the asset for future potential tenant credit losses which may occur. The balance reflected on the balance sheet will be net of such allowance.
In accordance with the criteria established in SFAS No. 13,Accounting for Leases, we have evaluated each lease agreement related to the net leased real estate assets more fully described in Note 5. At June 30, 2007 and December 31, 2006, we determined that all leases are operating leases and have accounted for them as such.
Securities Valuation. We designate certain of our investments in mortgage backed securities, mortgage related securities and certain other securities as available-for-sale. Securities available-for-sale are carried at estimated fair value with the net unrealized gains or losses reported as a component of accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) in stockholders’ equity. The fair value of CMBS investments is determined by management based on discounted cash flow models which utilize prepayment and loss assumptions based upon historical experience, economic factors and the characteristics of the underlying cash flows. Management determines the applicable discount rates based on current credit spreads as reflected in comparable deals purchased in the marketplace and market interest rates. In addition, management substantiates its fair value estimates with information from dealers who make markets in these securities. The determination of future cash flows and the appropriate discount rate is inherently subjective and actual results may vary significantly from management’s estimates.
We must also assess whether unrealized losses on securities indicate impairment, which would result in writing down the security to its fair value through a charge to earnings. This will create a new carrying basis for the security and a revised yield will be calculated based on the future estimated cash flows. See Revenue Recognition above. Significant judgments of management are required in this analysis, which include assumptions regarding the collectability of the principal and interest, net of expenses, on the underlying loans.
Accounting Treatment for an Investment Acquired from and Financed with a Repurchase Agreement from the Same Counterparty.We have considered an interpretation of GAAP relating to the treatment of transactions where investments acquired by us from a particular counterparty are simultaneously or subsequently financed via a repurchase agreement with that same counterparty or an affiliate thereof. Currently, in such cases, we record such transactions as a sale of the investment to us and such related debt provided to us as a financing. An alternative interpretation of GAAP, however, concerns whether such investments should be treated as a derivative. Over the past two years, we have identified several investments that may
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be affected by such alternative interpretation. In the three months ended March 31, 2007, we acquired a first mortgage loan participation investment from a counterparty for $35.0 million and concurrent with closing, the same counterparty provided financing of $29.8 million via an existing repurchase agreement. The first mortgage loan participation investment is a floating rate instrument, and based on these terms, its carrying value approximates fair value. If we recorded this first mortgage loan as a derivative in connection with financing such loans, changes in the fair value of such derivative, if any, would have affected net income in the six months ended June 30, 2007. In addition, total assets and total liabilities would have been affected as of June 30, 2007. Our understanding is that the issue is being considered for further technical guidance by the accounting standard setters. Future guidance may require us to adjust the accounting for the assets in which we have invested. As of June 30, 2007, $17.0 million of borrowings were outstanding with this counterparty on a remaining loan amount of $20.0 million.
Loan Loss Provisions. We purchase and originate commercial mortgage and mezzanine loans to be held as long-term investments. The loans are evaluated for possible impairment on a quarterly basis. In accordance with SFAS No. 114,Accounting by Creditors for Impairment of a Loan, impairment occurs when it is deemed probable we will not be able to collect all amounts due according to the contractual terms of the loan. Impairment is then measured based on the present value of expected future cash flows or the fair value of the collateral, if the loan is collateral dependent. Upon measurement of impairment, we will establish a reserve for loan losses and a corresponding charge to earnings through the provision for loan losses. Significant judgments are required in determining impairment, which includes making assumptions regarding the value of the loan, the value of the real estate or partnership interests that secure the loan, and any other applicable provisions, including guarantees and cross-collateralization features, if any.
Derivative Accounting. We account for our derivative and hedging activities, using SFAS No. 133,Accounting for Derivative Instruments and Hedging Activities, as amended by SFAS No. 138,Accounting for Certain Derivative Instruments and Certain Hedging Activities, and SFAS No. 149,Amendment of Statement 133 on Derivative Instruments and Hedging Activities,which requires all derivative instruments to be carried at fair value on the consolidated balance sheets.
We formally document all relationships between hedging instruments and hedged items, as well as our risk-management objective and strategy for undertaking each hedge transaction and how ineffectiveness of the hedging instrument, if any, will be measured. Derivative instruments designated in a hedge relationship to mitigate exposure to variability in expected future cash flows, or other types of forecasted transactions, are considered cash flow hedges. We periodically review the effectiveness of each hedging transaction, which involves estimating future cash flows. Cash flow hedges are accounted for by recording the fair value of the derivative instrument on the balance sheets as either an asset or liability, with a corresponding amount, adjusted for swap payments, recorded in accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) within stockholders’ equity. Derivative instruments designated in a hedge relationship to mitigate exposure to changes in the fair value of an asset, liability, or firm commitment attributable to a particular risk, such as interest rate risk, are considered fair value hedges under SFAS No. 133. As of June 30, 2007 and December 31, 2006, we had no fair value hedges.
All hedges held by us are deemed to be effective in meeting the hedging objectives established by our corporate policy governing interest rate risk management.
Income Taxes. We operate in a manner that we believe will allow us to be taxed as a REIT and, as a result, we do not expect to pay substantial corporate-level income taxes. Many of the requirements for REIT qualification, however, are highly technical and complex. If we were to fail to meet these requirements and do not qualify for certain statutory relief provisions, we would be subject to Federal income tax, which could have a material adverse effect on our results of operations and amounts available for distributions to our stockholders.
New Accounting Standards. In February 2006, the FASB issued SFAS No. 155,Accounting for Certain Hybrid Financial Instruments-an amendment of FASB Statements No. 133 and 140, which addresses accounting for certain hybrid financial instruments that contain embedded derivatives and eliminates the restriction on passive derivative instruments that a qualifying special-purpose entity may hold. SFAS No. 155 is effective for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2007. We adopted SFAS No. 155 as of January 1, 2007 and have determined that the adoption of SFAS No. 155 does not have an impact on our consolidated financial statements as of June 30, 2007.
In June 2006, the FASB issued FASB Interpretation No. 48,Accounting for Uncertainty in Income Taxes, (“FIN 48”). FIN 48 prescribes how we should recognize, measure and present in our financial statements uncertain tax positions that have been taken or are expected to be taken in a tax return. Pursuant to FIN 48, we can recognize a tax benefit only if it is “more likely than not” that a particular tax position will be sustained upon examination or audit. To the extent the “more likely than not” standard has been satisfied, the benefit associated with a tax position is measured as the largest amount that is greater than 50% likely of being realized upon settlement.
We are subject to U.S. Federal income tax as well as income tax of multiple state and local jurisdictions but, as a REIT, we are generally not subject to income tax on net income distributed as dividends to shareholders. As required, we adopted FIN 48 effective January 1, 2007 and have concluded that there is no effect on our consolidated financial statements. Accordingly, we did not record a cumulative effect adjustment related to the adoption of FIN 48.
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The 2004 through 2006 tax years remain subject to examination by taxing authorities. We classify interest and penalties related to uncertain tax positions, if any, in general & administrative expense on our consolidated statements of operations.
In September 2006, the FASB issued SFAS No. 157,Fair Value Measurements, which defines fair value as the price that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants in the market in which the reporting entity transacts. SFAS No. 157 applies whenever other standards require assets or liabilities to be measured at fair value and does not expand the use of fair value in any new circumstances. SFAS No. 157 establishes a hierarchy that prioritizes the information used in developing fair value estimates. The hierarchy gives the highest priority to quoted prices in active markets and the lowest priority to unobservable data, such as the reporting entity’s own data. SFAS No. 157 requires fair value measurements to be disclosed by level within the fair value hierarchy. SFAS No. 157 is effective for fiscal years beginning after November 15, 2007. We have not yet determined what impact, if any, SFAS No. 157 will have on our consolidated financial statements.
In February 2007, the FASB issued SFAS No. 159,The Fair Value Option for Financial Assets and Liabilities – Including an Amendment of FASB No. 115.SFAS No. 159 permits entities to choose to measure certain financial assets and liabilities at fair value. SFAS No. 159 is effective for fiscal years beginning after November 15, 2007. We are evaluating what impact, if any, SFAS No. 159 may have on its consolidated financial statements.
In June 2007, AIPCA Statement of Position 07-1,Clarification of the Scope of the Audit and Accounting Guide: Investment Companies and Accounting by Parent Companies and Equity Method Investors for Investments in Investment Companies (“SOP 07-1”) was issued. SOP 07-1 provides specific conditions for determining whether an entity is within the scope of the Guide. Additionally, for those entities that are investment companies under SOP 07-1, additional guidance is provided regarding the retention of specialized investment company industry accounting by a parent company in consolidation or by an investor that has the ability to exercise significant influence over the investment company and applies the equity method of accounting to its investment in the entity. SOP 07-1 is effective for fiscal years beginning on or after December 31, 2007 with earlier application encouraged. We are evaluating what impact, if any, SOP 07-1 may have on our consolidated financial statements.
Balance Sheet Review
As of June 30, 2007, total assets were $1.7 billion, an increase of $301.0 million, or 22.0%, from December 31, 2006. Asset growth was primarily due to the acquisition of interest earning assets including CMBS, real estate loans, real estate assets and cash as well as a net increase in the fair value of our interest rate swap agreements. Interest earning assets grew by $276.1 million, or 20.6%, from $1.3 billion at December 31, 2006 to $1.6 billion at June 30, 2007. At June 30, 2007, interest earning assets, including cash, had a weighted average yield of 8.5%.
The level of investment related income is directly related to the balance of the interest-bearing assets and net leased real estate assets outstanding during the period and the weighted average yields on such investments. The cost basis of interest-bearing and net leased real estate assets and related weighted average yields at June 30, 2007 and December 31, 2006 were as follows:
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | June 30, 2007 | | | December 31, 2006 | |
| | Cost | | Yield | | | Cost | | Yield | |
CMBS | | $ | 964,286 | | 8.6 | % | | $ | 784,141 | | 8.8 | % |
Real estate loans | | | 551,334 | | 8.1 | % | | | 287,845 | | 9.6 | % |
Real estate assets | | | 77,076 | | 14.2 | % | | | 38,740 | | 14.2 | % |
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
Total | | $ | 1,592,696 | | 8.7 | % | | $ | 1,110,726 | | 9.2 | % |
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
During the six months ended June 30, 2007, the Company invested a total of $182.9 million, prior to closing credits, in four newly issued CMBS conduit transactions. The CMBS bonds purchased in these transactions are rated BBB- and below with loss-adjusted yields ranging from 6.0% to 10.1%.
At June 30, 2007, we held investments in CMBS issued by 24 separate CMBS trusts and one Re-Remic issuance with an estimated fair value of $903.5 million. The amortized cost basis of our investments in CMBS was $964.3 million with a weighted average yield of 8.6%. At June 30, 2007, the weighted average expected life of our CMBS investments was 10.6 years.
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During the six months ended June 30, 2007, we invested $167.8 million, net of $2.2 million in net discounts, in three fixed rate real estate loans. The loans bear interest ranging from 5.8% to 6.4% and have maturity dates between December 2016 and January 2017. In addition, during the six months ended June 30, 2007, the Company invested $245.2 million, net of $0.6 million in discounts, in seven floating rate real estate loans. The loans bear interest based on LIBOR plus credit spreads ranging from 1.8% to 3.5% and have maturity dates between February 2009 and June 2011. During this period we also received repayments of $150.1 million related to outstanding principal balances on certain mezzanine loan investments.
At June 30, 2007, we had seventeen loans with a current book value of $551.3 million and a weighted average interest rate of 8.1%. Three of the loans with an unamortized cost basis of $167.8 million bear interest at fixed rates with a weighted average interest rate of 6.1% while fourteen of the loans totaling $383.5 million bear interest at floating rates with a weighted average interest rate of LIBOR plus 358 basis points.
During the six months ended June 30, 2007, we acquired six net leased real estate assets at a purchase price of $38.7 million. At June 30, 2007, we had twelve net leased real estate assets with an aggregate purchase price of $77.5 million and a net book value of $77.1 million.
At June 30, 2007, we were party to eight interest rate swaps with a total current notional amount of $496.3 million as of June 30, 2007. These interest rate swaps are treated as cash flow hedges and effectively convert floating rate debt. Under these swaps, we receive a rate equal to LIBOR and pay a weighted average rate of 5.1%. The net fair value of the interest rate swaps at June 30, 2007 was $21.3 million.
At June 30, 2007, total liabilities were $1.3 billion, an increase of $350.2 million, or 35.1%, from December 31, 2006. Liability growth, the majority of which was in the form of repurchase obligations and junior subordinated debentures, was used to finance investments, primarily in CMBS, real estate loans and real estate assets during the six months ended June 30, 2007. At June 30, 2007, the Company had interest-bearing liabilities of $1.3 billion with a weighted average borrowing cost of 5.9%.
At June 30, 2007 the Company was party to two repurchase agreements with two counterparties that provide for total borrowing capacity of $400.0 million. At June 30, 2007, the Company had $293.3 million outstanding under these agreements. The weighted average borrowing cost for repurchase agreement debt outstanding at June 30, 2007 was 6.1%.
At June 30, 2007, we had CDOs outstanding from two separate issuances. Our existing CDOs are financing vehicles for our assets and, as such, are consolidated on our balance sheet at $974.6 million, representing the amortized sales price of the securities sold to third parties. The weighted average interest rate of the bonds, including the amortization of issuance costs, was 5.8% at June 30, 2007. Of the $974.6 million of bonds outstanding, $780.6 million were floating rate with a weighted average interest rate of LIBOR plus 59 basis points while $194.0 million were fixed rate with a weighted average interest rate of 6.0%.
On April 9, 2007, we issued $61.9 million of junior subordinated debentures to a subsidiary to fund existing and future investment activities and other working capital needs. We also invested $1.9 million in the common equity of such subsidiary. Net cash proceeds from this financing transaction were $59.1 million. On April 9, 2007, we issued $60.0 million of trust preferred securities through a subsidiary, JERIT TS Statutory Trust I. The trust preferred securities and the junior subordinated debentures have a 30-year term ending April 2037, are redeemable at par on or after April 2012 and pay distributions at a fixed rate of 7.2%, excluding amortization of fees and expenses, for the first five years through April 2012, and, thereafter, at a floating rate of three month LIBOR plus 225 basis points, excluding amortization of fees and expenses. We incurred $1.0 million of debt issuance costs, which were deferred and are amortized on an effective yield basis over the life of the junior subordinated debentures. Unamortized debt issuance costs of $1.0 million are included as a component of deferred financing fees on the consolidated balance sheet at June 30, 2007.
At June 30, 2007, total shareholders’ equity was $320.7 million, a decrease of $49.3 million, or 13.3% from December 31, 2006. The decrease in shareholders’ equity was primarily due to an increase in unrealized losses on our CMBS of $66.9 million and increases in accumulated distributions in excess of retained earnings of $3.2 million offset in part by an increase in the fair value of our interest rate swaps of $20.2 million.
At June 30, 2007, 25,890,035 shares of common stock were outstanding including 182,000 shares of unvested restricted stock.
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Results of Operations
Comparison of the three months ended June 30, 2007 and 2006
Net income was $10.1 million, or $0.39 per diluted share, and $7.7 million, or $0.30 per diluted share, for the three months ended June 30, 2007 and 2006, respectively.
Revenues
The following table sets forth information regarding the total amount and composition of our revenues, which are primarily interest income earned from our investments and cash positions and lease income on our net leased real estate assets:
| | | | | | | | | |
| | For the Three Months Ended June 30, | | |
| | 2007 | | 2006 | | $ Change |
REVENUES | | | | | | | | | |
Interest income from CMBS | | $ | 20,531 | | $ | 10,846 | | $ | 9,685 |
Interest income from real estate loans | | | 10,630 | | | 3,115 | | | 7,515 |
Interest income from cash and cash equivalents | | | 1,564 | | | 1,268 | | | 296 |
Lease income from real estate assets | | | 1,404 | | | — | | | 1,404 |
Other income | | | 31 | | | — | | | 31 |
| | | | | | | | | |
Total Revenues | | $ | 34,160 | | $ | 15,229 | | $ | 18,931 |
| | | | | | | | | |
The increase in revenues during the three months ended June 30, 2007 compared to the three months ended June 30, 2006 is primarily due to increased balances of interest-bearing assets due to acquisitions of CMBS and real estate loans and interest income on cash proceeds relating to CDO II as well as increased lease income on net leased real estate assets due to acquisitions. For the three months ended June 30, 2007, $24.6 million was earned on fixed rate investments, while the remaining $9.6 million was earned on floating rate investments, compared to $10.8 million and $4.4 million for the same period in 2006, respectively. We classify income from floating rate investments as that which is tied to a publicly published index, specifically LIBOR. As of June 30, 2007, our floating rate investments included a cost basis of $383.5 million in real estate loans, $8.5 million in cash and cash equivalents and $79.0 million in restricted cash primarily related to CDO II. For the three months ended June 30, 2007, interest income earned on CMBS investments, and real estate loans acquired during the quarter was $5.0 and $0.9 million, respectively. In addition, interest income earned during the three months ended June 30, 2007 on CMBS and real estate loan investments purchased in 2006 subsequent to June 30, 2006 was $7.8 million. Interest income earned during the three months ended June 30, 2007 on CMBS and real estate loan investments acquired during the three months ended June 30, 2006 increased $1.9 million and $0.3 million, respectively, due to the timing of acquisitions. Conversely, interest income for the three months ended June 30, 2007 on investments purchased in prior periods decreased $1.5 million due to mezzanine loan repayments. During the three months ended June 30, 2007, investments in real estate assets provided $1.4 million in lease income, which is included in the $24.6 million earned on fixed rate investments during the period. Lease income includes $0.4 million in non-cash straight-line rental income recognized pursuant to SFAS No. 13. There were no such investments or related income during the three months ended June 30, 2006.
Expenses
The following table sets forth information regarding the amount and composition of our expenses:
| | | | | | | | | | |
| | For the Three Months Ended June 30, | | | |
| | 2007 | | 2006 | | $ Change | |
Interest expense | | $ | 19,793 | | $ | 3,914 | | $ | 15,879 | |
Management fees, affiliate | | | 1,850 | | | 1,914 | | | (64 | ) |
Incentive fees, affiliate | | | 235 | | | — | | | 235 | |
Depreciation on real estate assets | | | 206 | | | — | | | 206 | |
General and administrative | | | 1,975 | | | 1,745 | | | 230 | |
| | | | | | | | | | |
Total Expenses | | $ | 24,059 | | $ | 7,573 | | $ | 16,486 | |
| | | | | | | | | | |
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Interest Expense. Interest expense was $19.8 million and $3.9 million for the three months ended June 30, 2007 and 2006, respectively. Interest expense for the three months ended June 30, 2007 consisted primarily of $3.8 million of interest on CDO I, which closed in November 2005, $10.3 million of interest on CDO II, which closed in October 2006, $4.0 million of interest expense on repurchase agreements, $1.0 million of interest on our junior subordinated debentures, which were issued in April 2007, $0.5 million of amortization of deferred financing fees related to repurchase agreements and $0.1 million of interest expense related to the amortization of swap termination costs. The $3.9 million of interest expense for the three months ended June 30, 2006 was comprised primarily of $3.8 million related to CDO I which closed in November 2005 and interest related to amortization of deferred financing fees related to repurchase agreements and our collateralized debt obligations of $0.1 million. The increase in interest expense for the three months ended June 30, 2007 compared to the same period in 2006 is primarily due to the $708.3 million increase in notes payable related to CDO II, increased average borrowings on repurchase agreements and interest on our junior subordinated debentures. The following table sets forth information regarding the total composition amount of interest expense, which is primarily interest expense related to our CDOs and repurchase agreements:
| | | | | | | | | | |
| | For the Three Months Ended June 30, | | | |
| | 2007 | | 2006 | | | $ Change |
CDO I, net of interest rate swaps | | $ | 3,806 | | $ | 3,775 | | | $ | 31 |
CDO II, net of interest rate swaps | | | 10,342 | | | — | | | | 10,342 |
Repurchase agreements | | | 4,028 | | | 22 | | | | 4,006 |
Junior subordinated debentures | | | 1,033 | | | — | | | | 1,033 |
Amortization of deferred financing fees | | | 466 | | | 129 | | | | 337 |
Amortization of swap termination loss (gain) | | | 118 | | | (12 | ) | | | 130 |
| | | | | | | | | | |
Total interest expense | | $ | 19,793 | | $ | 3,914 | | | $ | 15,879 |
| | | | | | | | | | |
Management and Incentive Fees. Base management fees are calculated as a percentage of stockholders’ equity adjusted to exclude the effect of any unrealized gains and losses or other items that do not affect realized net income. Our manager is also entitled to receive quarterly incentive fees equal to 25% of our Funds From Operations (as defined in the management agreement), or FFO, in excess of minimum FFO targets (as defined in the management agreement). The following table summarizes our management fees for the three months ended June 30, 2007 and 2006:
| | | | | | | | | | |
| | For the Three Months Ended June 30, | | | |
| | 2007 | | 2006 | | $ Change | |
Base management fees, affiliate | | $ | 1,850 | | $ | 1,914 | | $ | (64 | ) |
Incentive fees, affiliate | | | 235 | | | — | | | 235 | |
| | | | | | | | | | |
Total management fees, affiliate | | $ | 2,085 | | $ | 1,914 | | $ | 171 | |
| | | | | | | | | | |
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The decrease in base management fees for the three months ended June 30, 2007 compared to the same period in 2006 is due to a lower equity base in 2007 compared to 2006, principally driven by distributions in excess of net income. The increase in incentive fees for the three months ended June 30, 2007 was due to FFO exceeding the minimum targets defined in the management agreement. The minimum FFO target for the three months ended June 30, 2007 was $9.6 million.
Depreciation on Real Estate Assets. The increase in depreciation on real estate assets of $0.2 million for the three months ended June 30, 2007 as compared to the same period in 2006 was due to our real estate asset acquisitions in December 2006 and June 2007. There were no such assets held and no depreciation expense during the three months ended June 30, 2006.
General and Administrative Expense. The increase in general and administrative expenses of $0.2 million for the three months ended June 30, 2007 versus the same period in 2006 was due primarily to higher collateral administration fees and legal fees offset by lower due diligence costs. Specifically, collateral administration fees increased $0.4 million primarily due to fees paid to an affiliate of our manager associated with CDO II, which closed in October 2006. Legal fees increased $0.3 million due to increased general corporate advice, statutory compliance advice and SEC filing review fees. These increases were offset by a $0.6 million decrease in due diligence expenses due to lower acquisition volume during the quarter ended June 30, 2007, the mix of acquisitions in during the second quarter of 2007 which generally have lower due diligence costs and the impact of sellers credits for due diligence expense. Included in general and administrative expenses are additional affiliate expenses related to overhead and out-of-pocket expense reimbursements aggregating $0.1 million in both the three months ended June 30, 2007 and 2006.
Loss on Impairment of Assets. There were no impairment charges on assets recorded during the three months ended June 30, 2007 and 2006.
Comparison of the six months ended June 30, 2007 and 2006
Net income was $19.9 million, or $0.77 per diluted share, and $14.1 million, or $0.55 per diluted share, for the six months ended June 30, 2007 and 2006, respectively.
Revenues
The following table sets forth information regarding the total amount and composition of our revenues, which are primarily interest income earned from our investments and cash positions and lease income on our net leased real estate assets:
| | | | | | | | | |
| | For the Six Months Ended June 30, | | |
| | 2007 | | 2006 | | $ Change |
REVENUES | | | | | | | | | |
Interest income from CMBS | | $ | 38,354 | | $ | 20,200 | | $ | 18,154 |
Interest income from real estate loans | | | 19,379 | | | 6,177 | | | 13,202 |
Interest income from cash and cash equivalents | | | 3,550 | | | 2,935 | | | 615 |
Lease income from real estate assets | | | 2,777 | | | — | | | 2,777 |
Other income | | | 31 | | | — | | | 31 |
| | | | | | | | | |
Total Revenues | | $ | 64,091 | | $ | 29,312 | | $ | 34,779 |
| | | | | | | | | |
The increase in revenues during the six months ended June 30, 2007 compared to the six months ended June 30, 2006 is primarily due to increased balances of interest-bearing assets due to acquisitions and interest income on cash proceeds relating to CDO II as well as increased lease income on net leased real estate assets. During the six months ended June 30, 2007, interest income from real estate loans includes $0.5 million related to recognition of purchase discounts on one mezzanine loan that was repaid in February 2007 prior to its scheduled maturity. For the six months ended June 30, 2007, $45.3 million was earned on fixed rate investments, while the remaining $18.8 million was earned on floating rate investments, compared to $20.2 million and $9.1 million for the same period in 2006, respectively. We classify income from floating rate investments as that which is tied to a publicly published index, specifically LIBOR. As of June 30, 2007, our floating rate investments included a cost basis of $383.5 million in real estate loans, $8.5 million in cash and cash equivalents and $79.0 million in restricted cash primarily related to CDO II. For the six months ended June 30, 2007, interest income earned on CMBS investments and real estate loans acquired during the period was $3.8 million and $6.4 million, respectively. In addition, interest income earned during the six months ended June 30, 2007 on CMBS investments and loan investments purchased in 2006 subsequent to June 30, 2006 was $9.1 million and $8.0 million, respectively. Interest income earned during the six months ended June 30, 2007 on CMBS and real estate loan investments acquired during the six months
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ended June 30, 2006 increased $5.1 million and $1.1 million due to the timing of acquisitions. Conversely, interest income for the six months ended June 30, 2007 on investments purchased in prior periods decreased $2.8 million due to mezzanine loan repayments. During the six months ended June 30, 2007, investments in real estate assets provided $2.8 million in lease income, which is included in the $45.3 million earned on fixed rate investments during the year. Lease income includes $0.8 million of non-cash straight line rental income pursuant to SFAS No. 13. There were no such investments or related income during the six months ended June 30, 2006.
Expenses
The following table sets forth information regarding the amount and composition of our expenses:
| | | | | | | | | | |
| | For the Six Months Ended June 30, | | | |
| | 2007 | | 2006 | | $ Change | |
Interest expense | | $ | 35,424 | | $ | 7,887 | | | 27,537 | |
Management fees, affiliate | | | 3,705 | | | 3,836 | | | (131 | ) |
Incentive fees, affiliate | | | 387 | | | — | | | 387 | |
Depreciation on real estate assets | | | 412 | | | — | | | 412 | |
General and administrative | | | 4,255 | | | 3,138 | | | 1,117 | |
| | | | | | | | | | |
Total Expenses | | $ | 44,183 | | $ | 14,861 | | $ | 29,322 | |
| | | | | | | | | | |
Interest Expense. Interest expense was $35.4 million and $7.9 million for the six months ended June 30, 2007 and 2006, respectively. Interest expense for the six months ended June 30, 2007 consisted primarily of $7.6 million of interest on CDO I, which closed in November 2005, $20.6 million of interest on CDO II, which closed in October 2006, $5.1 million of interest expense on repurchase agreements, $1.0 million of interest related to our junior subordinated debentures, which were issued in April 2007, $0.9 million of amortization of deferred financing fees related to repurchase agreements and $0.2 million of interest expense related to the amortization of swap termination costs. The $7.9 million of interest expense for the six months ended June 30, 2006 was comprised primarily of $7.6 million related to CDO I which closed in November 2005 and interest related to amortization of deferred financing fees related to repurchase agreements and our collateralized debt obligations of $0.3 million. The increase in interest expense for the three months ended June 30, 2007 compared to the same period in 2006 is primarily due to the $708.3 million increase in notes payable related to CDO II, increased average borrowings on repurchase agreements and interest on our junior subordinated debentures. The following table sets forth information regarding the total composition amount of interest expense, which is primarily interest expense related to our CDOs and repurchase agreements:
| | | | | | | | | | |
| | For the Six Months Ended June 30, | | | |
| | 2007 | | 2006 | | | $ Change |
CDO I, net of interest rate swaps | | $ | 7,586 | | $ | 7,561 | | | $ | 25 |
CDO II, net of interest rate swaps | | | 20,633 | | | — | | | | 20,633 |
Repurchase agreements | | | 5,050 | | | 22 | | | | 5,028 |
Junior subordinated debentures | | | 1,033 | | | — | | | | 1,033 |
Amortization of deferred financing fees | | | 909 | | | 326 | | | | 583 |
Amortization of swap termination loss (gain) | | | 213 | | | (22 | ) | | | 235 |
| | | | | | | | | | |
Total interest expense | | $ | 35,424 | | $ | 7,887 | | | $ | 27,537 |
| | | | | | | | | | |
Management and Incentive Fees. Base management fees are calculated as a percentage of stockholders’ equity adjusted to exclude the effect of any unrealized gains and losses or other items that do not affect realized net income. Our manager is also entitled to receive quarterly incentive fees equal to 25% of our Funds From Operations (as defined in the management agreement), or FFO, in excess of minimum FFO targets (as defined in the management agreement). The following table summarizes our management fees for the six months ended June 30, 2007 and 2006:
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| | | | | | | | | | |
| | For the Six Months Ended June 30, | | | |
| | 2007 | | 2006 | | $ Change | |
Base management fees, affiliate | | $ | 3,705 | | $ | 3,836 | | $ | (131 | ) |
Incentive fees, affiliate | | | 387 | | | — | | | 387 | |
| | | | | | | | | | |
Total management fees, affiliate | | $ | 4,092 | | $ | 3,836 | | $ | 256 | |
| | | | | | | | | | |
The decrease in base management fees for the six months ended June 30, 2007 compared to the same period in 2006 is due to a lower equity base in 2007 compared to 2006, principally driven by distributions in excess of GAAP net income. The increase in incentive fees for the six months ended June 30, 2007 was due to FFO exceeding the minimum targets defined in the management agreement.
Depreciation on Real Estate Assets. The increase in depreciation on real estate assets of $0.4 million for the six months ended June 30, 2007 as compared to the same period in 2006 was due to the acquisition of our real estate asset investments in December 2006 and June 2007. There were no such assets held and no depreciation expense during the six months ended June 30, 2006.
General and Administrative Expense. The increase in general and administrative expenses of $1.1 million for the six months ended June 30, 2007 versus the same period in 2006 was due primarily to collateral administration fees, stock compensation expenses and higher professional fees. Specifically, collateral administration fees increased $0.7 million primarily due to fees paid to an affiliate of our manager associated with CDO II, which closed in October 2006. Professional fees increased $0.3 million primarily due to services related to external audit, Sarbanes-Oxley compliance, internal audit and interest rate risk management advisory fees. Stock compensation increased $0.1 million related to the 124,500 shares awarded to certain officers and employees of an affiliate of our manager in April 2007. Included in general and administrative expenses are additional affiliate expenses related to overhead and out-of-pocket expense reimbursements aggregating $0.3 million in both the six months ended June 30, 2007 and 2006.
Loss on Impairment of Assets. There were no impairment charges on assets recorded during the six months ended June 30, 2007. For the six months ended June 30, 2006, pursuant to EITF 99-20, we recorded aggregate impairment charges to earnings totaling $0.3 million. This other than temporary impairment charge related to three securities in two different CMBS trusts where the present value of cash flow projections of the security at that time was estimated to be lower than the present value of cash flow projections of the same security in the prior reporting period and, at the same time, the then current fair value of the security was less than the prior period carrying value. The actual cash flows of the security will depend on final resolutions of the underlying loans and assets in the respective CMBS trusts.
Funds from Operations
Funds from operations (FFO), was $10.3 million, or $0.40 per diluted share, and $7.7 million, or $0.30 per diluted share, for the three months ended June 30, 2007 and 2006, respectively. Funds from operations (FFO), was $20.3 million, or $0.79 per diluted share, and $14.1 million, or $0.55 per diluted share, for the six months ended June 30, 2007 and 2006, respectively.
We present FFO because we consider it an important supplemental measure of our operating performance and believe that it is frequently used by securities analysts, investors and other interested parties in the evaluation of REITs. The revised White Paper on FFO approved by the Board of Governors of the National Association of Real Estate Investment Trusts, or NAREIT, in April 2002 defines FFO as net income (loss) (computed in accordance with GAAP), excluding gains (or losses) from debt restructuring, which are not a recurring part of our business, and sales of properties, plus real estate-related depreciation and amortization and after adjustments for unconsolidated partnerships and joint ventures. FFO does not represent cash generated from operating activities in accordance with GAAP and should not be considered as an alternative to net income (determined in accordance with GAAP), as an indication of our financial performance, or to cash flow from operating activities (determined in accordance with GAAP) as a measure of our liquidity, nor is it entirely indicative of funds available to fund our cash needs, including our ability to make cash distributions. Our calculation of FFO may be different from the calculation used by other companies and, therefore, comparability may be limited. In addition, our use of a similar term, funds from operations, as a basis for calculating incentive management fees on a quarterly basis, as more fully described inResults of Operations—Management and Incentive Fees, differs from the definition of FFO prescribed by NAREIT, and, therefore comparability is not appropriate.
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Below is a reconciliation of GAAP net income to FFO for the three and six months ending June 30, 2007 and 2006:
JER INVESTORS TRUST INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
RECONCILIATION OF NON-GAAP FINANCIAL MEASURES (unaudited)
(in thousands, except share and per share data)
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | For the Three Months Ended June 30, | | For the Six Months Ended June 30, |
| | 2007 | | 2006 | | 2007 | | 2006 |
Net income available to common stockholders | | $ | 10,101 | | $ | 7,656 | | $ | 19,908 | | $ | 14,141 |
Add: | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Depreciation on real estate assets | | | 206 | | | — | | | 412 | | | — |
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
Funds from Operations (FFO) * | | $ | 10,307 | | $ | 7,656 | | $ | 20,320 | | $ | 14,141 |
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | |
FFO per share: | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Basic | | $ | 0.40 | | $ | 0.30 | | $ | 0.79 | | $ | 0.55 |
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
Diluted | | $ | 0.40 | | $ | 0.30 | | $ | 0.79 | | $ | 0.55 |
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
* | The revised White Paper on FFO approved by the Board of Governors of the National Association of Real Estate Investment Trusts, or NAREIT, in April 2002 defines FFO as net income (loss) (computed in accordance with GAAP), excluding gains (or losses) from sales of properties, plus real estate-related depreciation and amortization and after adjustments for unconsolidated partnerships and joint ventures. |
Liquidity and Capital Resources
At June 30, 2007, our liquidity position consisted of unrestricted cash balances of $8.5 million and restricted cash of $79.0 million, which primarily consisted of $75.9 million of replenishment pool balance within CDO II.
Liquidity is a measurement of our ability to meet cash requirements, including ongoing commitments to repay borrowings including margin calls, fund and maintain loans and investments, pay dividends and other general business needs. Our principal sources of working capital and funds for additional investments primarily include: 1) cash flow from operations; 2) borrowings under our repurchase and credit facilities; 3) our CDO offerings; 4) other forms of financing or additional securitizations including CMBS or subsequent CDO offerings; 5) proceeds from trust preferred securities, common or preferred equity offerings and, to a lesser extent; 6) the proceeds from principal payments on our investments. We believe these sources of financing will be sufficient to meet our short-term liquidity needs. Our initial borrowings have been short-term, variable rate debt; however, we have in the past financed the majority of our assets through match-funded CDO strategies. Our ability to continue our CDO strategy is dependent upon our ability to place the match-funded debt we intend to create in the market at attractive borrowing spreads. If spreads for CDO liabilities widen or if demand for such liabilities ceases to exist, then our ability to execute the CDO strategy will be severely restricted. Most recently, we have seen widening of borrowing spreads and a potential decrease in leverage in the commercial real estate CDO market. We expect that our cash flow provided by operations, our current liquidity positions, including unrestricted cash and restricted cash, and our current and anticipated financings will satisfy our liquidity needs over the next twelve months. At August 8, 2007, the Company has approximately $37.0 million in unrestricted cash and $79.0 million in restricted cash balances. The Company currently intends to access a portion of the restricted cash balances by contributing additional collateral to CDO II, which on a net basis will increase unrestricted cash balances by approximately $50.0 million. The Company believes that this level of cash combined with potential loan repayments, operating cash flow, potential financing proceeds from unleveraged assets, and other sources will provide it with sufficient liquidity over the next twelve months. However, the Company can not provide any assurances that it will be successful accessing restricted cash balances in CDO II, obtaining financing proceeds on unleveraged assets, receiving loan repayments or accessing any other sources of cash. Furthermore, given the current volatility in the capital markets, the Company can not predict changes in the market value of collateral and potential margin call requirements, if any, under its repurchase agreement facilities.
The repurchase agreement facilities are subject to margin calls based upon fair market value determinations of the underlying collateral. During the three months ended June 30, 2007, such margin calls totaled $13.1 million, with $5.0 million related to the Goldman Sachs facility and $8.1 million related to the Liquid Funding facility.
We expect to meet our long-term liquidity requirements, specifically the repayment of debt and our investment funding needs, through additional borrowings, the issuance of debt and equity securities and the liquidation or refinancing of our assets at maturity. We believe the value of these assets is, and will continue to be, sufficient to repay our debt at maturity under either scenario. However, our ability to meet our long-term liquidity requirements is subject to obtaining additional equity and debt financing. Decisions by investors and lenders to enter into transactions with us will depend upon a number of factors, such as our historical and projected financial performance, compliance with the terms of our current credit arrangements, industry and market trends, the availability of capital and our investors’ and lenders’ policies and rates applicable thereto, and the relative attractiveness of alternative investment or lending opportunities.
In addition to the facilities currently in place, we have conducted preliminary negotiations with financial institutions and believe, on the basis of these negotiations, we will continue to be able to obtain both short-term and longer-term financing through loan agreements, including warehouse facilities, and other credit facilities with institutional lenders in amounts and at interest rates generally consistent with our financing objectives. We cannot make any assurances, however, that negotiations with potential lenders will result in a definitive agreement being entered into or consummated at terms consistent with our business plan. In the event we are unable to secure lines of credit or collateralized financing on favorable terms, our ability to successfully implement our investment strategy may be significantly impacted and returns to investors may be reduced.
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Equity Issuances.The initial public offering completed in July 2005 generated proceeds to us of $226.4 million after deducting the underwriting discount and offering expenses. The net proceeds of the IPO were primarily used to pay down indebtedness under our repurchase agreements described below.
Borrowings.In September 2006, one of our wholly owned subsidiaries entered into a repurchase agreement with Goldman Sachs Mortgage Company (“Goldman Sachs”). The repurchase agreement provides financing of up to $250.0 million secured by various types of real estate loans and is scheduled to terminate at the earlier of (a) the closing by us of our third collateralized debt obligation transaction or (b) October 1, 2007. The Company has provided written notice and made necessary payments to Goldman Sachs in order to exercise its first extension option and extend the repurchase agreement facility for a term of three months until January 1, 2008. The agreement provides for a series of extension options that could extend the term through October 1, 2009. The facility allows us to borrow against eligible loan collateral and is limited recourse (10% of the outstanding balance) to the Company. At of June 30, 2007, there was $186.8 million outstanding under the repurchase agreement at a weighted average borrowing rate of 6.1% and real estate loans with a cost basis of $233.4 million were pledged as collateral under this repurchase agreement.
In March 2007 and as subsequently amended in June 2007, we and a wholly-owned subsidiary, respectively, entered into a repurchase agreement with Liquid Funding, an affiliate of Bear Stearns & Co. Inc., with an available borrowing capacity of $150.0 million. In connection with the June 2007 amendments, we entered into a guaranty agreement with Liquid Funding. The repurchase agreement is secured by rated and unrated CMBS and is scheduled to terminate at the earlier of (a) the closing by the Company of its third collateralized debt obligation or (b) March 2008. At June 30, 2007, $106.5 million was outstanding under the repurchase agreement at a weighted average borrowing rate of 6.1% and securities with a fair value of $138.3 million were pledged as collateral under this repurchase agreement.
If we default in the payment of interest or principal on any debt, breach any representation or warranty in connection with any borrowing or violate any covenant in any loan document, our lender may accelerate the maturity of such debt, requiring us to immediately repay all outstanding principal. If we are unable to make such payments, our lender could force us to sell our securities or foreclose on our assets pledged as collateral to such lender. The lender could also force us into bankruptcy or bring other legal action against us. Any of these events would likely have a material adverse effect on the value of an investment in our common stock. As of June 30, 2007, we are in compliance with all requirements under our repurchase agreements, collateralized debt obligations, and junior subordinated debentures.
Collateralized Debt Obligations.On October 17, 2006, we issued our second CDO, or CDO II, through two of our wholly-owned subsidiaries, JER CRE CDO 2006-2, Limited and JER CRE CDO 2006-2, LLC, collectively known as CDO II. CDO II is secured by $1.2 billion par value of collateral interests consisting of CMBS, mezzanine loan interests, first mortgage loan interests, Re-REMIC securities, and real estate CDO securities. CDO II issued privately placed notes totaling $768.4 million rated AAA through BBB- (“CDO II Investment Grade Notes”). The Company purchased a portion of the CDO II Investment Grade Notes and retained all of the non-investment grade notes and preferred shares. $708.3 million of CDO II Investment Grade Notes were issued to third parties consisting of $47.0 million of fixed rate notes with a weighted average interest rate of 5.8% and $661.3 million of floating rate notes with a weighted average interest rate of LIBOR plus 62 basis points, excluding amortization of fees and expenses. At issuance, the weighted average cost of borrowing for CDO II was approximately 63 basis points, excluding amortization of fees and expenses, over applicable swap or LIBOR rates. The CDO II Investment Grade Notes have a remaining expected average maturity of 8.4 years as of June 30, 2007. CDO II included a ramp facility of approximately $230.9 million dedicated to finance additional collateral interests, as well as a replenishment collateral pool up to $275.0 million that will allow replenishment of proceeds of real estate loans that are paid off within five years from the closing of the transaction, subject to the replenishment collateral meeting certain criteria outlined in the CDO II indenture. We incurred $10.5 million of issuance costs, which were deferred and are amortized on an effective yield basis over the life of CDO II. Unamortized debt issuance costs of $9.9 million are included as a component of deferred financing fees on the consolidated balance sheet at June 30, 2007. Subsequent to the closing of CDO II during the six months ended June 30, 2007, we contributed CMBS of $61.0 million and mortgage loan interests of $15.1 million as collateral to CDO II and received $69.1 million of mezzanine loan repayments on CDO II collateral. As of June 30, 2007, we have fully invested the ramp facility while the available replenishment proceeds were $75.9 million, both of which are reflected in restricted cash on the consolidated balance sheets.
In November 2005, we issued our first CDO, or CDO I, through two of our wholly-owned subsidiaries, JER CRE CDO 2005-1, Limited and JER CRE CDO 2005-1, LLC. CDO I is secured by a static pool of $418.7 million par value of fixed rate subordinate CMBS. CDO I issued privately placed notes totaling $275.6 million rated AAA through BBB- (“CDO I Investment Grade Notes”). We retained a portion of the BBB- rated notes, all of the non-investment grade notes and all of the preferred shares. Two of the CDO I Investment Grade Notes, totaling $119.2 million, were issued with floating rate coupons with a weighted average rate of LIBOR plus 39 basis points, excluding amortization of fees and expenses. The remaining CDO I Investment Grade Notes totaling $147.0 million, net of the portion retained by the Company, were issued
41
with fixed rate coupons with a weighted average rate of 6.0%, excluding amortization of fees and expenses. The Investment Grade Notes have a remaining expected average maturity of 8.1 years as of June 30, 2007. The Company incurred $4.4 million of issuance costs, which were deferred and are amortized on an effective yield basis over the life of CDO I. Unamortized debt issuance costs of $3.7 million and $3.9 million are included in deferred financing fees on the consolidated balance sheets at June 30, 2007 and December 31, 2006, respectively.
Junior Subordinated Debentures. On April 9, 2007, we issued $60.0 million of trust preferred securities through our unconsolidated subsidiary, JERIT TS Statutory Trust I (“the Trust”), in a private transaction exempt from registration under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended. Concurrently, we issued $61.9 million in junior subordinated debentures to the Trust and made a $1.9 million common equity investment in the Trust. The trust preferred securities have a 30-year term ending April 2037, are redeemable at par on or after April 30, 2012 and pay distributions at a fixed rate of 7.2%, excluding amortization of fees and expenses, for the first five years ending April 2012, and, thereafter, at a floating rate of three month LIBOR plus 225 basis points, excluding amortization of fees and expenses. The assets of the Trust consist solely of the $61.9 million of junior subordinated notes concurrently issued by us, with terms that mirror the trust preferred securities. We incurred $1.0 million of debt issuance costs, which were deferred and are amortized on an effective yield basis over the life of the junior subordinated debentures. Unamortized debt issuance costs of $1.0 million are included as a component of deferred financing fees on the consolidated balance sheet at June 30, 2007.
Our interest in the Trust is accounted for using the equity method and the assets and liabilities are not consolidated into our financial statements due to our determination that the Trust is a variable interest entity under FIN46(R) and that we are not the primary beneficiary of the entity. Interest on the junior subordinated debentures is included in interest expense on our consolidated income statements while the junior subordinated debentures are presented as a liability on item in our consolidated balance sheet.
Dividends. In order to qualify as a REIT and to avoid corporate level tax on the income we distribute to our stockholders, we are required to distribute at least 90% of our ordinary taxable income and net capital gains on an annual basis. Certain of our investments, such as the subordinate CMBS investments, may generate substantial mismatches between taxable income and available cash. In order to meet the requirement to distribute a substantial portion of our net taxable income, we may need to borrow, sell assets or raise additional equity capital. Additionally, we will need to raise additional capital in order to continue to acquire additional investments in the future. We anticipate borrowing funds and/or raising additional equity capital to finance future investment activities, but there can be no assurance that we will be able to do so on terms acceptable or available to us, if at all.
Inflation. We believe that the risk of increases in the market interest rates as a result of inflation on any floating rate debt that we may invest in will be largely offset by our use of match funded financing and interest rate derivatives.
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Contractual Obligations. Purchase commitments and aggregate principal maturities of our repurchase agreements, notes payable and junior subordinated debentures as of June 30, 2007 were as follows:
| | | | | | | | | |
| | June 30, 2007 | | Weighted Avg. Interest Rate at June 30, 2007 | | | Range of Obligations | |
Purchase commitments | | $ | — | | — | | | | |
Repurchase agreements | | $ | 293,287 | | 6.1 | % | | 1 | |
Notes payable | | $ | 974,578 | | 5.9 | % | | 2 | |
Junior subordinated debentures | | $ | 61,860 | | 7.2 | % | | 3 | |
1 | All repurchase agreements as of June 2007 are scheduled to terminate at the earlier of (a) the closing by the Company of its third collateralized debt obligation transaction or (b) October 1, 2007 (Goldman Sachs) or March 12, 2008 (Liquid Funding). We have provided written notice and made necessary payments to Goldman Sachs in order to exercise our first extension option and extend the repurchase agreement facility for a term of three months until January 1, 2008. |
2 | The maturity dates of the notes payable are contingent upon maturity of assets pledged as collateral and have a remaining expected average maturity of 8.1 years and 8.4 years for CDO I and CDO II, respectively, as of June 30, 2007. |
3 | The junior subordinated debentures have a 30-year term ending April 2037, are redeemable at par on or after April 30, 2012 and pay distributions at a fixed rate of 7.24%, excluding amortization of fees and expenses, for the first five years ending April 2012, and, thereafter, at a floating rate of three month LIBOR plus 2.25%, excluding amortization of fees and expenses. |
Related Party Transactions
Under the management agreement, our manager may engage J.E. Robert Company, Inc. or its affiliates to perform certain legal, accounting, due diligence, asset management, securitization, property management, brokerage, loan servicing, leasing and other services that outside professionals or outside consultants otherwise would perform on our behalf. J.E. Robert Company, Inc. and its affiliates may be reimbursed or paid for the cost of performing such tasks, provided that such costs and reimbursements are no greater than those that would be paid to outside professionals or consultants on an arm’s-length basis. Our manager is reimbursed for any expenses incurred in contracting with third parties. In addition, our manager is responsible for all employment compensation of J.E. Robert Company, Inc. personnel who perform services for us pursuant to the management agreement.
Our management agreement provides that we are required to reimburse our manager for certain general and administrative expenses incurred by our manager on our behalf, including our pro rata share of overhead expenses of the manager required for our operations. In November 2006, retroactive to January 1, 2006, the independent members of the board of directors approved an amendment to the management agreement to provide that the allocable overhead reimbursement will be fixed at an amount equal to $0.5 million per annum for 2006, and in each calendar year thereafter, subject to approval by the independent members of the board of directors, $0.5 million multiplied by the sum of (a) one plus (b) the percentage increase in the Consumer Price Index (“CPI”) for the applicable year over the CPI for the calendar year 2006. For the three months ended June 30, 2007 and 2006, overhead reimbursements were approximately $0.1 million, respectively. For the six months ended June 30, 2007 and 2006, overhead reimbursements were approximately $0.3 million, respectively. Our manager may also be paid or reimbursed for the costs of providing other services that outside professionals or consultants otherwise would provide on our behalf. If such services are provided by the manager, the reimbursement for such services will be no greater than what management believes would be paid to outside professionals, consultants, or other third parties on an arm’s length basis. In accordance with the provisions of our management agreement, we incurred reimbursements for overhead and other services provided by our manager of zero and $17 for the three months ended June 30, 2007 and 2006, respectively, and $17 and $34 for the six months ended June 30, 2007 and 2006, respectively.
Each CMBS securitization requires a special servicer be appointed by the purchaser controlling the most subordinated non-investment grade class of securities. As our manager is not a rated special servicer, it appoints J.E. Robert Company, Inc. or another entity that is a rated special servicer as the special servicer whenever we acquire a controlling interest in the most subordinated non-investment grade class of a CMBS securitization. J.E. Robert Company, Inc. earned $1.1 million and $0.8 million in fees as special servicer during the three months ended June, 2007 and 2006, respectively, and $2.2 million and $1.3
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million during the six months ended June 30, 2007 and 2006, respectively. All fees due to J.E. Robert Company, Inc. as special servicer are paid either by the securitization vehicles or the borrowers, not directly by us and such fees are consistent with traditional, well established market standards and are set as part of the arm’s-length negotiations to acquire such CMBS bonds from the issuer. However, because we generally own the first loss position in these same CMBS issuances, payment of special servicing fees to J.E. Robert Company, Inc. may reduce the amounts available to pay us pursuant to the terms of the applicable CMBS trusts.
In connection with CDO II, one of our wholly owned subsidiaries entered into a Collateral Administration Agreement with J.E. Robert Company, Inc. the Collateral Administrator, an affiliate of our manager, pursuant to which the Collateral Administrator has agreed to advise our wholly owned subsidiary on certain matters regarding the collateral interests and other eligible investments securing the notes. The Collateral Administrator will receive two fees payable on a monthly basis, with the first fee equal to 1/12 of 0.075% of the Monthly Asset Amount, as defined in the CDO II indenture, and the second fee equal to 1/12 of 0.05% of the Monthly Asset Amount, as defined in the CDO II indenture agreement, each fee payable with different priorities as set forth in the applicable indenture. For the three and six months ended June 30, 2007, we incurred $0.4 million and $0.7 million, respectively, in collateral administration fees pursuant to the Collateral Administration Agreement. The fees were approved by the independent members of our board of directors.
During the six months ended June 30, 2007, we invested in a first mortgage loan participation with a cost basis of $30.0 million and two mezzanine loan participations with a cost basis of $49.4 million where an affiliated entity of the manager held a controlling equity interest in the borrower. The acquisition of these loans to affiliated borrowers was approved by the independent members of our Board of Directors as required by investment guidelines. During the six months ended June 30, 2007, we received repayments on loans to affiliated borrowers aggregating $20.4 million. At June 30, 2007, loans to affiliated entities had an unamortized cost basis of $124.0 million and an unpaid principal balance of $124.6 million.
During the year ended December 31, 2005, we originated mezzanine loans with an affiliated entity of our manager totaling $63.4 million. The ownership was allocated equally between us and the affiliated entity, with our share of the initial loans equal to $31.7 million. At June 30, 2007, there was $18.9 million outstanding related to these loans.
ITEM 3. | QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISK |
Amounts are presented in thousands except for share and per share data and as otherwise noted.
Market Risk. Market risk is the exposure to loss resulting from changes in interest rates, credit curve spreads, foreign currency exchange rates, commodity prices and equity prices. The primary market risks to which we are exposed are interest rate risk and credit curve risk. Interest rate risk is highly sensitive to many factors, including governmental, monetary and tax policies, domestic and international economic and political considerations and other factors beyond our control. Demand for these assets may fluctuate based on the investor perception of the associated credit risk in consideration of the current underwriting practices, the adequacy of ratings provided by the rating agencies and their assessment of the current and future real estate market fundamentals. Demand may be further influenced by the investor expectation regarding the ability to finance these assets, currently or in the future. Credit curve risk is highly sensitive to dynamics of the markets for commercial mortgage-backed securities and other loans and securities we plan to invest in. Excessive supply of these assets combined with reduced demand will cause the market to require a higher yield. This demand for higher yield will cause the market to use a higher spread over the U.S. Treasury securities yield curve, or other benchmark interest rates, to value these assets. Changes in the general level of the U.S. Treasury yield curve can have significant effects on the market value of our investment portfolio.
Our operating results depend substantially on the difference between the interest and related income earned on our interest-bearing assets and the interest expense incurred in connection with our interest-bearing liabilities. Competition from other providers of real estate financing may lead to a decrease in the interest rate earned on our interest-earning assets, which we may not be able to offset by obtaining lower interest rates on our borrowings. Changes in the general level of interest rates prevailing in the financial markets may affect the spread between our interest-earning assets and interest-bearing liabilities. Any significant compression of the spreads between interest-earning assets and interest-bearing liabilities could have a material adverse effect on us. In addition, an increase in interest rates in the financial markets could, among other things, reduce the value of our interest-earning assets and our ability to realize gains from the sale of such assets, and a decrease in interest rates could reduce the average life of our interest-earning assets.
We may utilize a variety of financial instruments, including interest rate swaps, caps, options, floors and other interest rate derivative contracts, in order to limit the effects of fluctuations in interest rates on our operations. We do not intend to
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utilize derivatives for speculative or other purposes other than interest rate risk management. The use of these types of derivatives to hedge interest-earning assets and/or interest-bearing liabilities carries certain risks, including the risk that losses on a hedge position will reduce the funds available for payments to holders of securities and that such losses may exceed the amount invested in such instruments. A hedge may not perform its intended purpose of offsetting losses. Moreover, with respect to certain of the instruments used as hedges, we are exposed to the risk that the counterparties with which we trade may cease making markets and quoting prices in such instruments, which may render us unable to enter into an offsetting transaction with respect to an open position. If we anticipate the income from any such hedging transaction will not be qualifying income for REIT income test purposes, we may conduct part or all of our hedging activities through a corporate subsidiary that will be fully subject to Federal corporate income taxation (a taxable REIT subsidiary). Our profitability may be adversely affected during any period as a result of changing interest rates.
Interest Rate Risk. Interest rate sensitivity refers to the change in earnings and cash flows that may result from changes in the level of interest rates. Our net interest income is affected by changes in various interest rates, primarily LIBOR and treasury rates. At June 30, 2007, our primary sensitivity to interest rates related to the income we earned on a portion of our $384.1 million of floating rate real estate loans and the interest expense incurred on $1.1 billion of floating rate debt, all tied to LIBOR. We have further mitigated our exposure to changes in interest rates by entering into pay-fixed interest rate swaps. The following table presents our pay-fixed interest rate swaps related to our existing indebtedness, including the CDOs, and future anticipated indebtedness as of June 30, 2007.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Trade Date | | Effective Date | | Initial Notional Balance | | Ending Notional Balance | | Notional Balance at June 30, 2007 | | Fair Value at June 30, 2007 | | Termination Date | | Pay-Fixed Interest Rate | |
October 2005 | | November 2005 | | $ | 109,977 | | $ | 5,697 | | $ | 109,977 | | $ | 3,923 | | June 2015 | | 4.9 | % |
September 2006 | | October 2006 | | | 386,324 | | | 219,929 | | | 386,324 | | | 8,627 | | August 2016 | | 5.1 | % |
September 2006 | | October 2009 | | | — | | | 80,071 | | | — | | | 1,421 | | August 2016 | | 5.2 | % |
February 2007 | | October 2007 | | | — | | | 86,324 | | | — | | | 1,941 | | October 2014 | | 5.1 | % |
January 2007 | | November 2007 | | | 100,000 | | | 100,000 | | | — | | | 1,721 | | December 2016 | | 5.3 | % |
February 2007 | | November 2007 | | | 45,000 | | | 45,000 | | | — | | | 1,391 | | September 2016 | | 5.0 | % |
February 2007 | | November 2007 | | | 26,000 | | | 26,000 | | | — | | | 805 | | February 2017 | | 5.1 | % |
March 2007 | | November 2007 | | | 40,000 | | | 40,000 | | | — | | | 1,495 | | January 2017 | | 5.0 | % |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | $ | 707,301 | | $ | 603,021 | | $ | 496,301 | | $ | 21,324 | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
At June 30, 2007, the existence of our interest rate swaps entered into in connection with our existing indebtedness including our floating rate liabilities, CDOs, and future indebtedness mitigate the impact of an interest rate increase on our net earnings and cash flow. As a result of and due to floating rates on our real estate loans, changes in interest rates will generally impact our net income. All of our floating rate assets and liabilities are tied to LIBOR or the applicable base rate subject to certain caps or limitations. The following table shows the estimated change in net income for a 12-month period based on changes in the applicable LIBOR rates applied to floating rate assets, liabilities and interest rate swaps effective and outstanding as of June 30, 2007.
| | | | | | | | |
LIBOR Rate Change (Basis Points) | | Estimated Increase (Decrease) in Net Income Over 12 Months | |
| | June 30, 2007 (1) | | | December 31, 2006 | |
| | (in thousands) | |
-200 | | $ | 3,881 | | | $ | (72 | ) |
-100 | | | 1,941 | | | | (36 | ) |
100 | | | (1,941 | ) | | | 36 | |
200 | | | (3,903 | ) | | | (12 | ) |
(1) | Excludes the effect of changes in interest rates with respect to four forward starting interest rate swaps with a total notional balance of $211.0 million outstanding at June 30, 2007 but effective starting November 2007 to hedge the effect of forecasted issuances of debt. Including the effect of these forward starting swaps, the estimated increase (decrease) in net income in the -200, -100, +100, and +200 sensitivities is ($339), ( $169), $169, and $317, respectively. |
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Interest rate changes may also affect the fair value of our CMBS investments, real estate loans, real estate assets and derivatives.
Credit Risk. Our portfolio of commercial real estate loans and securities is subject to a high degree of credit risk. Credit risk is the exposure to loss from debtor defaults. Default rates are subject to a wide variety of factors, including, but not limited to, property performance, property management, supply and demand factors, construction trends, consumer behavior, regional economics, interest rates, the strength of the Unites States economy and other factors beyond our control.
All loans are subject to a certain probability of default. We underwrite our CMBS investments assuming the underlying loans will suffer a certain dollar amount of defaults and the defaults will lead to some level of realized losses. Loss adjusted yields are computed based on these assumptions and applied to each class of security supported by the cash flow on the underlying loans. The most significant variables affecting loss adjusted yields include, but are not limited to, the number of defaults, the severity of loss that occurs subsequent to a default and the timing of the actual loss. The different rating levels of CMBS will react differently to changes in these assumptions. The lowest rated securities are generally more sensitive to changes in timing of actual losses. The higher rated securities are more sensitive to the severity of losses.
We generally assume that substantially all of the principal of a non-rated CMBS security will not be recoverable over time. The timing and the amount of the loss of principal are the key assumptions to determine the economic yield of these securities. Timing is of paramount importance because we will assume substantial losses of principal on the non-rated securities, therefore the longer the principal balance remains outstanding the more interest the holder receives to support a greater economic return. Alternatively, if principal is lost faster than originally assumed, there is less opportunity to receive interest and a lower return or loss may result.
If actual principal losses on the underlying loans exceed assumptions, the higher rated securities will be affected more significantly as a loss of principal may not have been assumed. We expect that most if not all principal will be recovered with respect to CMBS investments rated B or higher.
We manage credit risk through the underwriting process, establishing loss assumptions and monitoring of loan performance. Before acquiring a controlling class security (represented by a majority ownership interest in the most subordinate tranche) in a proposed pool of loans, we perform a rigorous analysis of all of the proposed underlying loans. Information from this review is then used to establish loss assumptions. We assume that a certain portion of the loans will default and calculate an expected or loss adjusted yield based on that assumption. After the securities have been acquired, we monitor the performance of the loans, as well as external factors that may affect their value.
Factors that indicate a higher loss severity or acceleration of the timing of an expected loss will cause a reduction in the expected yield and therefore reduce our earnings. Furthermore, we may be required to write down a portion of the accreted cost basis of the affected assets through a charge to income in the event that the asset is considered impaired.
We will also invest in commercial real estate loans, primarily mezzanine loans, bridge loans, B-notes, loans to real estate companies, whole mortgage loans, first mortgage loan participations and net leased real estate. We may also invest in residential mortgages and related securities although we have not done so. These investments will be subject to credit risk. The extent of our credit risk exposure will be dependent on risks associated with commercial and residential real estate. Property values and net operating income derived from such properties are subject to volatility and may be affected adversely by a number of factors, including, but not limited to, national, regional and local economic conditions (which may be adversely affected by industry slowdowns and other factors); local real estate conditions (such as an oversupply of housing, retail, industrial, office or other commercial space); changes or continued weakness in specific industry segments; construction quality, age and design; demographic factors; retroactive changes to building or similar codes; and increases in operating expenses (such as energy costs). In the event a borrower’s net operating income decreases, the borrower may have difficulty repaying our loans, which could result in losses to us. In addition, decreases in property values reduce the value of the collateral and the potential proceeds available to a borrower to repay our loans, which could also cause us to suffer losses.
Recent Events
Repayments
Subsequent to June 30, 2007, we received a $9.5 million of partial repayments of an outstanding principal balance on a mezzanine loan with an outstanding principal balance of $15.7 million at June 30, 2007.
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On July 31, 2007, we received a $11.5 million full repayment of an outstanding principal balance on a mezzanine loan investment. In connection with the repayment, we also received $0.1 million in contractually scheduled interest income in accordance with the loan agreement.
Financing
On July 3, 2007, we borrowed $29.3 million under our repurchase agreement with Goldman Sachs.
Subsequent to June 30, 2007 and through August 8, 2007, the Company repaid $15.1 million under one repurchase agreement with Goldman Sachs, of which $4.3 million related to margin calls on collateral.
The Company has provided written notice and made necessary payments to Goldman Sachs in order to exercise its first extension option and extend the repurchase agreement facility for a term of three months until January 1, 2008.
Other
On July 27, 2007, we granted 12,500 shares of restricted stock to an employee of an affiliate of the manager. The shares vest over three years beginning in April 2008 based on continued employment with an affiliate of the manager with no performance or market conditions.
On July 31, 2007, we paid dividends to holders of our common stock of $11.6 million, or $0.45 per share of common stock, to shareholders of record on June 29, 2007.
Primarily due to the loan repayments and repurchase agreement borrowings subsequent to June 30, 2007, unrestricted cash balances have increased from $8.5 million at June 30, 2007 to approximately $37.0 million at August 8, 2007.
ITEM 4. | CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES |
(a) Disclosure Controls and Procedures. An evaluation of the effectiveness of the design and operation of our “disclosure controls and procedures” (as defined in Rule 13a-15(e)) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, as of the end of the period covered by this annual report on Form 10-Q was made under the supervision and with the participation of our management, including our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer. Based upon this evaluation, our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer have concluded that our disclosure controls and procedures (a) are effective to ensure that information required to be disclosed by us in reports filed or submitted under the Securities Exchange Act is timely recorded, processed, summarized and reported and (b) include, without limitation, controls and procedures designed to ensure that information required to be disclosed by us in reports filed under or submitted under the Securities Exchange Act is accumulated and communicated to our management, including our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, as appropriate to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure.
(b) Internal Control Over Financial Reporting. There have not been any changes in the Company’s internal control over financial reporting (as such term is defined in Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f) under the Exchange Act), during the quarter ended June 30, 2007 that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, the Company’s internal control over financial reporting.
PART II. OTHER INFORMATION
The Company is not a party to any legal proceedings
There have been no material changes to the risk factors disclosed in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2006.
ITEM 2. | Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds |
None.
ITEM 3. | Defaults Upon Senior Securities |
None.
ITEM 4. | Submission of Matters to Vote of Security Holders |
The annual meeting of stockholders of the Company was held on May 30, 2007, for purposes of considering and acting upon the following.
| (1) | Election of Directors. All of our directors were elected and the votes cast for or against/withheld were as follows: |
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| | | | |
| | Aggregate Votes |
Nominees | | For | | Against/Withheld |
Joseph E. Robert, Jr. | | 22,907,171 | | 1,261,245 |
Keith W. Belcher | | 23,905,309 | | 263,107 |
Daniel J. Altobello | | 22,049,793 | | 2,118,623 |
Peter D. Linneman | | 23,942,432 | | 225,984 |
W. Russell Ramsey | | 23,943,728 | | 224,688 |
Frank J. Caufield | | 13,659,547 | | 10,508,819 |
James V. Kimsey | | 23,242,126 | | 926,290 |
| (2) | Ratification of Ernst & Young LLP. Ernst & Young LLP was ratified as the Company’s independent registered public accounting firm for the fiscal year 2007. The votes cast for or against/withheld and abstentions were as follows: |
| | | | |
For | | Against/Withheld | | Abstain |
24,050,491 | | 88,784 | | 29,140 |
| (3) | Amendment of the Company’s Nonqualified Stock Incentive and Award Plan. The Company’s Nonqualified Stock Option and Incentive Award Plan was amended. The votes cast for or against/withheld and abstentions were as follows: |
| | | | |
For | | Against/Withheld | | Abstain |
16,113,507 | | 2,787,412 | | 41,312 |
| (4) | Adoption of the Company’s Nonqualified Stock Incentive and Award Plan for Manager Only. The Company adopted the Nonqualified Stock Option and Incentive Award Plan for Manager Only. The votes cast for or against/withheld and abstentions were as follows: |
| | | | |
For | | Against/Withheld | | Abstain |
15,385,686 | | 3,511,432 | | 45,113 |
None.
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| | |
Exhibit Number | | Description |
3.1 | | Articles of Incorporation of the Registrant.(1) |
| |
3.2 | | By-laws of the Registrant.(1) |
| |
4.1 | | Form of Certificate for Common Stock.(1) |
| |
4.2 | | Registration Rights Agreement, dated June 4, 2004, between Registrant, JER Commercial Debt Advisors LLC and Friedman, Billings, Ramsey & Co., Inc.(1) |
| |
10.1 | | Management Agreement, dated June 4, 2004, between Registrant and JER Commercial Debt Advisors LLC.(1) |
| |
10.2 | | Amendment to Management Agreement, dated January 24, 2006, between Registrant and JER Commercial Debt Advisors LLC. (2) |
| |
10.3 | | Nonqualified Stock Option and Incentive Award Plan, as amended.(5) |
| |
10.4 | | Nonqualified Stock Option and Incentive Award Plan for Manager Only.(5) |
| |
10.5 | | Form of Restricted Stock Award Agreement Pursuant to Nonqualified Stock Option and Incentive Award Plan.(6) |
| |
10.6 | | Form of Restricted Stock Award Agreement Pursuant to Nonqualified Stock Option and Incentive Award Plan for Manager Only.(6) |
| |
10.7 | | Form of Performance Unit Agreement Pursuant to Nonqualified Stock Option and Incentive Award Plan.(6) |
| |
10.8 | | Form of Performance Unit Agreement Pursuant to Nonqualified Stock Option and Incentive Award Plan for Manager Only.(6) |
| |
10.9 | | Services Agreement, dated June 4, 2004, by and among JER Investors Trust Inc., JER Commercial Debt Advisors LLC and J.E. Robert Company, Inc.(1) |
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10.10 | | Advisory Services Letter, dated July 8, 2005.(1) |
| |
10.11 | | Form of Stock Option Award Agreement.(3) |
| |
10.12 | | Amendment to Management Agreement, dated January 1, 2006, between Registrant and JER Commercial Debt Advisors LLC.(4) |
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31.1 | | Certification of Chief Executive Officer. |
| |
31.2 | | Certification of Chief Financial Officer. |
| |
32.1 | | Section 302 Certification of Chief Executive Officer. |
| |
32.2 | | Section 302 Certification of Chief Financial Officer. |
| | |
| |
(1) | | Incorporated by reference to the Registrant’s Registration Statement on Form S-11 (Registration No. 333-122802), as amended. Such Registration Statement was originally filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on February 14, 2005. |
| |
(2) | | Incorporated by reference to the Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2005. |
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(3) | | Incorporated by reference to the Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarterly period ended June 30, 2006. |
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(4) | | Incorporated by reference to the Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarterly period ended September 30, 2006. |
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(5) | | Incorporated by reference to the Current Report on Form 8-K, filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on June 5, 2007. |
| |
(6) | | Incorporated by reference to the Current Report on Form 8-K, filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on August 2, 2007. |
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SIGNATURES
Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned thereunto duly authorized:
| | |
JER INVESTORS TRUST INC. |
(Registrant) |
| |
By: | | /s/ Joseph E. Robert, Jr. |
Name: | | Joseph E. Robert, Jr. |
Title: | | Chief Executive Officer and Chairman of the Board |
Date: | | August 9, 2007 |
| |
By: | | /s/ Tae-Sik Yoon |
Name: | | Tae-Sik Yoon |
Title: | | Executive Vice President, Chief Financial Officer and Treasurer |
Date: | | August 9, 2007 |
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