UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
WASHINGTON, D.C. 20549
FORM 10-Q
(Mark One)
x | QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934 |
For the quarterly period ended September 30, 2009
OR
¨ | TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934 |
For the transition period from to
Commission file number: 001-32564
JER INVESTORS TRUST INC.
(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)
| | |
Maryland | | 75-3152779 |
(State or other jurisdiction of incorporation or organization) | | (I.R.S. Employer Identification No.) |
| | |
1650 Tysons Blvd., Suite 1600 McLean, Virginia | | 22102 |
(Address of principal executive offices) | | (Zip Code) |
(703) 714-8000
(Registrant’s telephone number, including area code)
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the proceeding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes x No ¨
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically and posted on its corporate Web site, if any, every Interactive Data File required to be submitted and posted pursuant to Rule 205 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit and post such files). Yes ¨ No ¨
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer or a non-accelerated filer. See definition of “accelerated filer and large accelerated filer” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act. (Check one)
| | | | | | |
Large accelerated filer | | ¨ | | Accelerated filer | | x |
| | | |
Non-accelerated filer | | ¨ | | Smaller reporting company | | ¨ |
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act). Yes ¨ No x
As of November 7, 2009, the registrant had outstanding 5,829,611 shares of common stock, par value $0.01 per share.
INDEX
2
CAUTIONARY STATEMENT REGARDING FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS
This quarterly report on Form 10-Q contains forward-looking statements within the meaning of The Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995. Such statements are subject to various risks and uncertainties, including without limitation, statements relating to the performance of the investments of JER Investors Trust Inc. (the “Company”) and the Company’s financing needs. Forward-looking statements are generally identifiable by use of forward-looking terminology such as “may,” “will,” “should,” “potential,” “intend,” “expect,” “endeavor,” “seek,” “anticipate,” “estimate,” “overestimate,” “underestimate,” “believe,” “could,” “project,” “predict,” “continue” or other similar words or expressions. Forward-looking statements are based on certain assumptions, discuss future expectations, describe future plans and strategies, contain projections of results of operations or of financial condition or state other forward-looking information. The Company’s ability to predict results or the actual effect of future plans or strategies is inherently uncertain. Although the Company believes that the expectations reflected in such forward-looking statements are based on reasonable assumptions, the Company’s actual results and performance could differ materially from those set forth in the forward-looking statements. Factors that could have a material adverse effect on the Company’s operations and future prospects include, but are not limited to:
| • | | changes in economic conditions generally and in the commercial real estate mortgage finance, real estate and capital markets specifically; |
| • | | the success or failure of our efforts to implement our current business strategy; |
| • | | legislative and regulatory changes (including changes to laws governing the taxation of real estate investment trusts or REITs); |
| • | | JER Commercial Debt Advisors, LLC remaining as our external manager and remaining affiliated with the J.E. Robert Company, Inc. including our ability to pay our external manager base management fees and reimbursement of expenses; |
| • | | the availability of, and our ability to retain, qualified personnel; |
| • | | availability of capital to us and our ability to raise capital since the delisting of our common stock from the New York Stock Exchange (“NYSE”); |
| • | | our ability to maintain or replace existing financing arrangements; |
| • | | the performance and financial condition of borrowers; |
| • | | the actions of our competitors and our ability to respond to those actions; |
| • | | the performance of our assets, including our collection of interest and principal payments thereupon; |
| • | | our ability to maintain adequate liquidity, including satisfying margin call requirements and meeting distribution requirements to maintain our REIT status; |
| • | | our ability to comply with financial covenants of our debt instruments; |
| • | | the effect of receiving a “going concern” qualification in our auditors’ report on our 2008 consolidated financial statements; |
| • | | changes in interest rates and interest rate spreads, including credit spreads; |
| • | | changes in generally accepted accounting principles, or GAAP, or interpretations thereof; |
| • | | policies and rules applicable to REITs; |
| • | | our ability to obtain regular cash flows from the assets securing our collateralized debt obligations, or CDOs, which in turn is dependent upon the compliance with interest coverage and over-collateralization coverage tests within each CDO, among other factors; |
| • | | rating agency downgrades adversely affecting securities owned by us, including securities owned by us in our CDOs; |
| • | | application and interpretation of the rules and regulations of the Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended, or the Investment Company Act; and |
| • | | other factors as may be detailed from time to time in our public announcements and filings with the Securities and Exchange Commission, or the SEC. |
When considering forward-looking statements, you should keep in mind the risk factors and other cautionary statements in this quarterly report and in other reports of the Company filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission.
3
Readers are cautioned not to place undue reliance on any of these forward-looking statements, which reflect management’s views as of the date of this quarterly report. The “Risk Factors” and other factors noted throughout this report could cause our actual results to differ significantly from those contained in any forward-looking statement. Although the Company believes that the expectations reflected in the forward-looking statements are reasonable, the Company cannot guarantee future results, levels of activity, performance or achievements. The Company is under no duty to update any of the forward-looking statements after the date of this quarterly report to conform these statements to actual results.
4
PART I
ITEM 1. | Interim Financial Information |
JER INVESTORS TRUST INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS
(In thousands, except share data)
| | | | | | | | |
| | September 30, 2009 | | | December 31, 2008 | |
| (unaudited) | | | (audited) | |
ASSETS | | | | | | | | |
Cash and cash equivalents | | $ | 1,095 | | | $ | 8,357 | |
Restricted cash | | | 4,844 | | | | 1,149 | |
CMBS financed by CDOs, at fair value | | | 88,817 | | | | 180,210 | |
CMBS not financed by CDOs, at fair value | | | 13,812 | | | | 42,432 | |
Real estate loans, held for investment, financed by CDOs, at fair value | | | 118,717 | | | | 189,980 | |
Investments in unconsolidated joint ventures | | | 374 | | | | 843 | |
Accrued interest receivable | | | 4,954 | | | | 8,343 | |
Due from affiliate | | | 395 | | | | 157 | |
Deferred financing fees, net | | | 896 | | | | 981 | |
Other assets | | | 337 | | | | 2,349 | |
| | | | | | | | |
Total Assets | | $ | 234,241 | | | $ | 434,801 | |
| | | | | | | | |
| | |
LIABILITIES AND STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY | | | | | | | | |
Liabilities: | | | | | | | | |
CDO notes payable, at fair value | | $ | 117,532 | | | $ | 211,695 | |
Repurchase agreements | | | 8,858 | | | | 16,108 | |
Junior subordinated debentures and notes | | | 58,669 | | | | 61,860 | |
Notes payable | | | 9,849 | | | | 500 | |
Interest rate swap agreements related to CDOs, at fair value | | | 46,668 | | | | 91,984 | |
Accounts payable and accrued expenses | | | 1,519 | | | | 839 | |
Dividends payable | | | — | | | | 2,274 | |
Due to affiliate | | | 1,651 | | | | 689 | |
Other liabilities | | | 1,951 | | | | 2,489 | |
| | | | | | | | |
Total Liabilities | | | 246,697 | | | | 388,438 | |
| | |
Stockholders’ Equity: | | | | | | | | |
Common stock, $0.01 par value, 100,000,000 shares authorized, 5,829,611 and 2,590,104 shares issued and outstanding at September 30, 2009 and December 31, 2008, respectively | | | 58 | | | | 26 | |
Additional paid-in capital | | | 413,574 | | | | 392,744 | |
Cumulative cash dividends paid/declared | | | (157,705 | ) | | | (157,705 | ) |
Cumulative stock dividends paid/declared | | | (20,462 | ) | | | — | |
Cumulative deficit | | | (226,903 | ) | | | (165,626 | ) |
Accumulated other comprehensive loss | | | (21,018 | ) | | | (23,076 | ) |
| | | | | | | | |
Total Stockholders’ Equity | | | (12,456 | ) | | | 46,363 | |
| | | | | | | | |
Total Liabilities and Stockholders’ Equity | | $ | 234,241 | | | $ | 434,801 | |
| | | | | | | | |
See notes to consolidated financial statements.
5
JER INVESTORS TRUST INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS (unaudited)
(In thousands, except share and per share data)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | For the Three Months Ended September 30, | | | For the Nine Months Ended September 30, | |
| | 2009 | | | 2008 | | | 2009 | | | 2008 | |
REVENUES | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Interest income from CMBS | | $ | 11,354 | | | $ | 21,767 | | | $ | 43,957 | | | $ | 67,939 | |
Interest income from real estate loans | | | 2,292 | | | | 6,187 | | | | 6,961 | | | | 22,520 | |
Interest income from cash and cash equivalents | | | 2 | | | | 187 | | | | 18 | | | | 803 | |
Equity in (losses) earnings, net, of unconsolidated joint ventures | | | (335 | ) | | | (429 | ) | | | (1,999 | ) | | | 538 | |
Fee income | | | 262 | | | | 151 | | | | 914 | | | | 403 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Total Revenues | | | 13,575 | | | | 27,863 | | | | 49,851 | | | | 92,203 | |
| | | | |
EXPENSES | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Interest expense | | | 6,343 | | | | 12,437 | | | | 20,420 | | | | 41,633 | |
Management fees, affiliate | | | 989 | | | | 1,844 | | | | 3,160 | | | | 5,545 | |
General and administrative | | | 1,677 | | | | 1,610 | | | | 6,068 | | | | 5,528 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Total Expenses | | | 9,009 | | | | 15,891 | | | | 29,648 | | | | 52,706 | |
| | | | |
INCOME BEFORE OTHER GAINS (LOSSES) | | | 4,566 | | | | 11,972 | | | | 20,203 | | | | 39,497 | |
| | | | |
OTHER GAINS (LOSSES) | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Unrealized loss on financial assets financed with CDOs | | | (19,330 | ) | | | (108,136 | ) | | | (154,069 | ) | | | (295,122 | ) |
Unrealized gain (loss), net, on CDO related financial liabilities | | | (11,595 | ) | | | 99,319 | | | | 110,373 | | | | 375,831 | |
Loss on interest rate swaps | | | (5,663 | ) | | | (4,576 | ) | | | (17,842 | ) | | | (12,736 | ) |
Loss on impairment of CMBS | | | (2,733 | ) | | | (29,800 | ) | | | (24,697 | ) | | | (129,686 | ) |
Unrealized gain (loss), net, on real estate loans held for sale | | | — | | | | 8,781 | | | | — | | | | (20,094 | ) |
Unrealized gain (loss) on non-CDO related interest rate swaps | | | — | | | | 2,685 | | | | 13,860 | | | | (4,708 | ) |
Gain on exchange and cancellation of TRUPs | | | 518 | | | | — | | | | 3,175 | | | | — | |
Loss on sale of real estate loans held for sale | | | — | | | | (11,060 | ) | | | — | | | | (20,310 | ) |
Loss on termination of interest rate swaps | | | — | | | | (4,035 | ) | | | (12,280 | ) | | | (5,405 | ) |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Total other gains (losses) | | | (38,803 | ) | | | (46,822 | ) | | | (81,480 | ) | | | (112,230 | ) |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
NET LOSS | | $ | (34,237 | ) | | $ | (34,850 | ) | | $ | (61,277 | ) | | $ | (72,733 | ) |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | |
Net loss per share: | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Basic | | $ | (5.88 | ) | | $ | (13.53 | ) | | $ | (12.04 | ) | | $ | (28.26 | ) |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | |
Diluted | | $ | (5.88 | ) | | $ | (13.53 | ) | | $ | (12.04 | ) | | $ | (28.26 | ) |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | |
Weighted average shares of common stock outstanding: | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Basic | | | 5,827,067 | | | | 2,575,148 | | | | 5,087,632 | | | | 2,573,292 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | |
Diluted | | | 5,827,067 | | | | 2,575,148 | | | | 5,087,632 | | | | 2,573,292 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | |
Dividends declared per common share | | $ | — | | | $ | 3.00 | | | $ | — | | | $ | 9.00 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
See notes to consolidated financial statements.
6
JER INVESTORS TRUST INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENT OF CHANGES IN STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY (unaudited)
(In thousands)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | Common Stock | | Additional Paid-in Capital | | Cumulative Cash Dividends Paid/ Declared | | | Cumulative Stock Dividends Paid/ Declared | | | Cumulative Earnings (Losses) | | | Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss) | | | Total | |
| Shares | | Amount | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | |
Balance at December 31, 2008 | | 2,590 | | $ | 26 | | $ | 392,744 | | $ | (157,705 | ) | | $ | — | | | $ | (165,626 | ) | | $ | (23,076 | ) | | $ | 46,363 | |
| | | | | | | | |
Comprehensive loss: | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Net loss | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | (61,277 | ) | | | | | | | (61,277 | ) |
Amortization of swap termination costs | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | 402 | | | | 402 | |
Amortization of unrealized losses on CDO related interest rate swaps in other comprehensive income at December 31, 2007 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | 1,806 | | | | 1,806 | |
Unrealized gains (losses) on non-CDO CMBS available for sale | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | (150 | ) | | | (150 | ) |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Total comprehensive income (loss) | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | (59,219 | ) |
| | | | | | | | |
Dividends declared/paid | | 2,398 | | | 24 | | | 20,438 | | | | | | | (20,462 | ) | | | | | | | | | | | — | |
Stock issued upon retirement of debt | | 849 | | | 8 | | | 374 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | 382 | |
Stock based compensation- restricted share awards | | | | | | | | 18 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | 18 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Balance at September 30, 2009 | | 5,837 | | | 58 | | | 413,574 | | | (157,705 | ) | | | (20,462 | ) | | | (226,903 | ) | | | (21,018 | ) | | | (12,456 | ) |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
See notes to consolidated financial statements.
7
JER INVESTORS TRUST INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS (unaudited)
(In thousands)
| | | | | | | | |
| | For the Nine Months Ended September 30, | |
| 2009 | | | 2008 | |
CASH FLOWS FROM OPERATING ACTIVITIES: | | | | | | | | |
Net loss | | $ | (61,277 | ) | | $ | (72,733 | ) |
Adjustments to reconcile net loss to net cash provided by operating activities: | | | | | | | | |
Amortization (accretion) of CMBS | | | 8,659 | | | | (1,317 | ) |
Accretion of interest on junior subordinated notes and notes payable | | | 1,874 | | | | — | |
Amortization of debt issuance costs | | | 86 | | | | 2,857 | |
Amortization of other comprehensive (income) loss related to CDO related interest rate swap agreements | | | 2,208 | | | | 2,093 | |
Unrealized loss (gain) on CDO related financial assets and liabilities, net | | | 43,696 | | | | (80,709 | ) |
Unrealized and realized (gains) losses on interest rate swaps | | | (1,580 | ) | | | 10,113 | |
Unrealized loss on impairment of CMBS | | | 24,697 | | | | 129,686 | |
Loss on sale of real estate loans held for sale | | | — | | | | 20,310 | |
Gain on exchange and cancellation of TRUPs | | | (3,175 | ) | | | — | |
Unrealized loss on real estate loans held for sale, net | | | — | | | | 20,094 | |
Equity in (earnings) losses, net, from unconsolidated joint ventures | | | 1,999 | | | | (538 | ) |
Distributions from unconsolidated joint ventures | | | — | | | | 1,252 | |
Payment-in-kind (“PIK”) interest on real estate loan held for sale | | | — | | | | (3,481 | ) |
Non-cash interest expense on junior subordinated debentures and notes payable | | | 1,432 | | | | — | |
Non-cash expense related to shares issued for TRUPs exchange and cancellation | | | 145 | | | | — | |
Stock compensation expense | | | 18 | | | | 267 | |
Changes in assets and liabilities: | | | | | | | | |
Decrease (increase) in other assets | | | 152 | | | | (26 | ) |
Decrease in accrued interest receivable | | | 3,389 | | | | 1,234 | |
Increase in due to/from affiliates, net | | | 722 | | | | 1,305 | |
Increase (decrease) in accounts payable and accrued expenses and other liabilities, net | | | 142 | | | | (776 | ) |
| | | | | | | | |
Net cash provided by operating activities | | | 23,187 | | | | 29,631 | |
| | | | | | | | |
| | |
CASH FLOWS FROM INVESTING ACTIVITIES: | | | | | | | | |
Investment in unconsolidated joint ventures | | | (1,529 | ) | | | (2,231 | ) |
(Increase) decrease in restricted cash, net | | | (3,695 | ) | | | 4,731 | |
Proceeds from sale of unconsolidated joint venture | | | — | | | | 39,448 | |
Proceeds from repayment of real estate loans | | | 3,701 | | | | 8,528 | |
Proceeds from sale of real estate loans held for sale | | | — | | | | 90,981 | |
| | | | | | | | |
Net cash (used in) provided by investing activities | | | (1,523 | ) | | | 141,457 | |
| | | | | | | | |
| | |
CASH FLOWS FROM FINANCING ACTIVITIES: | | | | | | | | |
Dividends paid | | | (2,274 | ) | | | (43,885 | ) |
Proceeds from repurchase agreements | | | — | | | | 2,426 | |
Repayment of repurchase agreements | | | (7,250 | ) | | | (176,213 | ) |
Repayment of CDO notes payable | | | (15,245 | ) | | | — | |
Repayment of notes payable | | | (540 | ) | | | — | |
Exchange and cancellation of junior subordinated debentures | | | (337 | ) | | | — | |
Payment of financing costs | | | — | | | | (3,015 | ) |
Payment of interest rate swap termination costs | | | (3,280 | ) | | | (5,405 | ) |
| | | | | | | | |
Net cash used in financing activities | | | (28,926 | ) | | | (226,092 | ) |
| | | | | | | | |
| | |
Net decrease in cash and cash equivalents | | | (7,262 | ) | | | (55,004 | ) |
| | |
Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of period | | | 8,357 | | | | 87,556 | |
| | | | | | | | |
Cash and cash equivalents at end of period | | $ | 1,095 | | | $ | 32,552 | |
| | | | | | | | |
| | |
Supplemental Disclosures of Cash Flow Information | | | | | | | | |
Cash paid for interest | | $ | 29,837 | | | $ | 50,384 | |
| | | | | | | | |
Non-cash note payable in satisfaction of interest rate swap agreements | | $ | 9,000 | | | $ | — | |
| | | | | | | | |
Dividends declared but not paid | | $ | — | | | $ | 7,751 | |
| | | | | | | | |
Stock issued as part of exchange and cancellation of TRUPs | | $ | 382 | | | $ | — | |
| | | | | | | | |
See notes to consolidated financial statements.
8
JER INVESTORS TRUST INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(Amounts in thousands, except for share and per share data and as otherwise noted)
1. GOING CONCERN
A fundamental principle of the preparation of financial statements in accordance with GAAP is the assumption that an entity will continue in existence as a going concern, which contemplates continuity of operations and the realization of assets and settlement of liabilities occurring in the ordinary course of business. This principle is applicable to all entities except for entities in liquidation or entities for which liquidation appears imminent. In accordance with this requirement, the Company’s policy is to prepare its consolidated financial statements on a going concern basis unless it intends to liquidate its assets or has no other alternative but to liquidate its assets. As a result of the current level of available cash, the redirection of cash flow from CDO II, declines in cash flow from our non-CDO CMBS investments, and from our retained preferred shares in CDO I and the December 2009 maturity of the Company’s JPMorgan repurchase agreement facility, and unfunded capital commitments related to the Company’s investment in the US Debt Fund, there is substantial doubt about the Company’s ability to continue as a going concern. While the Company has prepared its consolidated financial statements on a going concern basis, if it is unable to successfully extend the maturity date or find replacement financing for its repurchase agreement borrowings, reduce operating expenses, sell assets or receive additional funding, its ability to continue as a going concern may be impacted. Therefore, the Company may not be able to realize its assets and settle its liabilities in the ordinary course of business. The Company’s consolidated financial statements included in this Form 10-Q do not reflect any adjustments that might specifically result from the outcome of this uncertainty.
In the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2008 filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”) on March 31, 2009, the Company disclosed that there was substantial doubt regarding its ability to continue as a going concern. In response, the Company has undertaken certain efforts to reduce expenses and preserve liquidity including; (i) discontinuing payment of quarterly dividends and replacing such quarterly dividends with payment of an annual dividend to the extent required to satisfy REIT dividend requirements, (ii) seeking to reduce operating costs, primarily our general and administrative costs; (iii) seeking to restructure terms of our recourse indebtedness including extension of scheduled maturity dates and/or modification of near-term interest payment requirements; and (iv) if necessary, pursue sales of selected assets.
At this time, the Company expects that we will not generate taxable income in 2009, and therefore will not be required to pay a dividend for the year ended December 31, 2009.
As of September 30, 2009, the Company was not in compliance with the tangible net worth covenant on the JPMorgan repurchase agreement. In addition, the repurchase agreement facility matures on December 22, 2009 and at this time, the Company believes it is unlikely the facility will be extended or renewed at maturity. As a result, the Company is currently seeking a replacement source of financing, or if unable to refinance, will need to liquidate the CMBS collateral that is security for the facility.
No assurance can be given that the Company will be successful in achieving any of these efforts. Should its repurchase agreement lender demand immediate repayment of all of our obligations, the Company will likely be unable to pay such obligations absent asset sales. In such event, the Company may have to recapitalize, refinance its obligations, sell some or all of its assets at prices below current estimated fair value or seek to liquidate or reorganize under Chapter 7 or Chapter 11, respectively, of the United States Bankruptcy Code.
During 2009, the Company has exchanged $56.3 million of its trust preferred securities (“TRUPs”) into junior subordinated notes, and cancelled $3.7 million of its TRUPs thereby reducing quarterly cash interest payments from approximately $1.1 million per quarter on the TRUPs to approximately $0.1 million per quarter on the junior subordinated notes through April 2012. In addition, the Company amended its note payable to reduce monthly payments from approximately $0.4 million to $75 from July through November 2009, and amended its agreement with the Manager to reduce cash basis monthly base management fees to approximately $75 from April to November 2009. However, its primary source of free operating cash flow are its non-CDO CMBS investments. Cash flow from these investments have declined from approximately $4.0 million in the second quarter of 2009 to approximately $3.7 million in the third quarter of 2009 due to deteriorating macroeconomic and commercial real estate conditions evidenced by increasing delinquencies, special servicing activity and appraisal reductions on collateral for such investments. In addition, cash flow from the Company’s retained preferred shares in CDO I declined from $0.4 million during the three months ended June 30, 2009 to $0 during the three months ended September 30, 2009 due primarily to certain CMBS bond downgrades on CDO I collateral. This decline in non-CDO CMBS and CDO I cash flow has further adversely affected our liquidity.
2. RECENT DEVELOPMENTS IN THE MARKETS
Since 2007, significant disruptions in the global credit markets have had a substantial effect on market participants. These disruptions have led to, among other things, a significant decline in the fair value of many mortgage related investments, and a significant contraction in short-term and long-term funding sources. This contraction in credit includes
9
JER INVESTORS TRUST INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS—(Continued)
(Amounts in thousands, except for share and per share data and as otherwise noted)
sources that the Company depends on to finance certain of its investments, specifically repurchase agreements and commercial real estate collateralized debt obligations (CRE CDOs). As a result, many companies have had difficulty valuing certain of their holdings and/or obtaining sustainable long-term sources of capital to adequately finance their business. The Company has had a similar experience in the current capital markets environment and as a result, during 2007 and 2008 sold assets to reduce short-term borrowings and attempt to improve liquidity.
Since the second half of 2007, there has been a significant widening of credit spreads in both the subordinate CMBS market which includes bonds rated BB+ through NR classes, and in the investment grade tranches of BBB- and above. In 2008 and 2009, new issue CMBS volume has been a small fraction of the amount of issuance in 2006 and 2007. Credit spreads on recent secondary market trades, which have also been very limited, for typical BBB- CMBS bonds, are estimated to exceed 5,600 basis points at September 30, 2009 compared to approximately 5,000 basis points as of December 31, 2008 and approximately 900 basis points as of December 31, 2007. Additionally, the Company has seen significant widening of credit spreads on real estate loans, including B-Notes, mezzanine loans and whole mortgage loans as performance of real estate collateral underlying such loans has deteriorated.
More recently, due primarily to the impact of the US Treasury programs, specifically the Public-Private Investment Program (“PPIP”) and Term Asset-Backed Securities Loan Facility (“TALF”), AAA CMBS credit spreads have tightened. However, given that the Company’s CMBS portfolio is generally not highly rated, and therefore not eligible for these programs, it has not seen valuations or availability of financing improve for its CMBS investments.
The Company finances certain of its investments with a repurchase agreement that is subject to margin calls. Under the terms of the repurchase agreement, the value of assets underlying the debt is marked-to-market by the counterparty at its discretion, as frequently as on a daily basis. If the value of the underlying asset declines, the counterparty has the ability to require us to post additional margin—cash or other collateral—to compensate for the decline in value of the asset. As a result of spread widening and a reduction in advance rates during 2007 and 2008, the Company had significant margin calls on its repurchase agreement facilities in those periods.
The Company has had no margin calls on its repurchase agreement during 2009, however, during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2009, the Company paid $2.3 million and $7.3 million, respectively, in scheduled amortization, as well as $0.8 million of scheduled amortization subsequent to September 30, 2009 through November 6, 2009 on its repurchase agreements, reducing such borrowings to $8.1 million as of November 6, 2009.
In the event the Company is unable to maintain or extend existing and/or secure new lines of credit or collateralized financing on favorable terms, its ability to continue as a going concern may be significantly impacted. In the event the Company’s current short-term credit facility is not replaced or replaced with lower advance rates on collateral, the Company may be required, among other actions, to sell assets at potentially unfavorable prices to payoff such facility which may reduce earnings and operating cash flow.
Since December 31, 2008, the Company has seen a significant increase in CMBS 60-day and greater delinquencies and CMBS loan collateral entering its CMBS special servicing portfolio. The 60-day and greater delinquencies on loan collateral underlying our CMBS “first-loss” investments was 319 basis points at September 30, 2009 compared to 83 basis points at December 31, 2008. The CMBS special servicing portfolio balance was $713.5 million, $3.4 billion and $3.8 billion at December 31, 2008, September 30, 2009 and November 4, 2009, respectively. Due to the continued tightening of credit, declining real estate values, and worsening macro-economic environment, in conjunction with the significant increase in its CMBS special servicing portfolio, the Company increased its loan loss projections associated with the real estate loan collateral underlying its “first-loss” CMBS portfolio, which represented approximately 3,500 loans with an unpaid principal balance of approximately $47 billion at September 30, 2009. As of September 30, 2009, the Company increased projected future loan losses on such collateral to approximately $1.7 billion from $1.4 billion at June 30, 2009 and $964.1 million at December 31, 2008. In addition, the Company accelerated the projected timing of these losses, with most of the loss increase projected to occur in 2010. This increase in loss projections results in lower projected future cash flows from its “first-loss” CMBS investments, and, in part, caused the Company to recognize CMBS impairment charges of $2.7 million and $24.7 million, respectively, during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2009. Such losses may increase in the future in the event that collateral performance and macroeconomic conditions deteriorate.
The Company does not currently know the full extent to which the current market disruption will affect it or the markets in which it operates, and the Company is unable to predict its length or ultimate severity. If the challenging conditions continue, the Company may experience further tightening of liquidity, increased credit losses, impairment charges as well as additional challenges in raising capital or obtaining and maintaining investment financing on attractive terms. Decisions by investors and lenders to enter into transactions with the Company will depend upon a number of factors, such as our historical and projected financial performance, compliance with the terms of our current credit arrangements, industry and market trends, the availability of capital and investors’ and lenders’ policies and rates applicable thereto, and the relative
10
JER INVESTORS TRUST INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS—(Continued)
(Amounts in thousands, except for share and per share data and as otherwise noted)
attractiveness of alternative investment or lending opportunities. These market developments have had a significant adverse impact on the Company’s liquidity position and its ability to achieve its long-term objectives. The Company’s liquidity, results of operations and financial condition have been and may continue to be adversely impacted if market conditions continue as is or further deteriorate.
3. SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES
Basis of Presentation
The accompanying consolidated financial statements have been prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (“GAAP”). All intercompany transactions and balances have been eliminated in consolidation. In the Company’s opinion, all material adjustments (consisting of normal, recurring accruals) considered necessary for a fair presentation have been included. In preparing these consolidated financial statements, management must make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities, and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities as of the date of the consolidated financial statements, and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. Actual results could differ from these estimates.
Variable Interest Entities
An entity is considered a variable interest entity (“VIE”) and subject to consolidation if the investors either do not have sufficient equity at risk for the entity to finance its activities without additional subordinated financial support, are unable to direct the entity’s activities, or are not exposed to the entity’s losses or entitled to its residual returns. Variable interest entities within the scope of the accounting guidance are required to be consolidated by their primary beneficiary. The primary beneficiary of a variable interest entity is determined to be the party that absorbs a majority of the entity’s expected losses, its expected returns, or both.
The Company’s ownership of the subordinated classes of CMBS from a single issuer gives it the right to control the foreclosure/workout process on the underlying loans (“Controlling Class CMBS”). ASC 810-10 has certain scope exceptions, one of which provides that an enterprise that holds a variable interest in a qualifying special-purpose entity (“QSPE”) does not consolidate that entity unless that enterprise has the unilateral ability to cause the entity to liquidate. To maintain the QSPE exception, the trust must continue to meet the QSPE criteria both initially and in subsequent periods. A trust’s QSPE status can be impacted in future periods by activities of its transferor(s) or other involved parties, including the manner in which certain servicing activities are performed. To the extent its CMBS investments were issued by a trust that meets the requirements to be considered a QSPE, the Company records the investments at the purchase price paid. To the extent the underlying trusts are not QSPEs, the Company follows the relevant guidance as the trusts would be considered VIEs.
The Company has analyzed the governing pooling and servicing agreements for each of its Controlling Class CMBS and believes that the terms are industry standard and are consistent with the QSPE criteria. However, there is uncertainty with respect to QSPE treatment due to ongoing review by accounting standard setters, potential actions by various parties involved with the QSPE, as discussed above, as well as varying and evolving interpretations of the QSPE criteria under SFAS No. 140. In June 2009, the FASB issued SFAS No. 166,Accounting for Transfers of Financial Assets, an amendment of FASB Statement No. 140. This statement removes the concept of a qualifying special purpose entity (SPE) from SFAS No. 140 and eliminates the exception for qualifying SPEs from the consolidation guidance of FIN No. 46(R). The Company will adopt SFAS No. 166 on January 1, 2010 and is currently evaluating the impact on its consolidated financial statements, however, it currently believes that the presentation of its consolidated financial statements may prospectively change significantly upon adoption.
The total original face amount of CMBS issuances for which the Company invested was $62.0 billion, of which the Company had a total original face amount of investment of $1.9 billion. As of September 30, 2009 and December 31, 2008, the Company’s investment had a face amount of $1.7 billion and $1.8 billion, respectively, and an amortized cost of $89.1 million and $220.7 million. The Company’s maximum carrying value exposure to loss as a result of its investment in these securities totaled $89.1 million and $220.7 million as of September 30, 2009 and December 31, 2008, respectively. However, the Company has reduced its maximum economic loss exposure through the use of non-recourse financing vehicles for these investments financed by CDOs.
The financing structures that the Company offers to its borrowers on certain of its loans involve the creation of entities that could be deemed VIEs. Management has evaluated these entities and has concluded that none of them are VIEs that are subject to consolidation.
In November 2005 and October 2006, the Company issued two CDOs through wholly owned subsidiaries as more fully discussed in Note 8. The Company has accounted for these transactions as financings, and the anticipated variability of each CDOs results are absorbed by the Company as the holder of the non-investment grade notes. The Company concluded that consolidation of both CDOs is required as a consequence of this exposure.
In December 2007, the Company entered in an agreement to invest up to $10.0 million into a fund, defined as the JER US Debt Co-Investment Vehicle, L.P. (the “US Debt Fund”) established to buy loans secured, directly or indirectly, by commercial real estate, including B-Notes, mezzanine loans and whole mortgage loans, and also in preferred equity, CMBS and CMBS-related products such as CMBX. Excluded investments for the US Debt Fund include non-performing loans, fee-simple ownership interests in real estate, single family residential mortgages and related securities (sub-prime, conforming, jumbo or Alt-A), whole loans originated directly by us or an affiliate of our Manager and net leased real estate assets. Although the US Debt Fund is not a VIE, we determined that these entities should not be consolidated given the rights afforded to the other partners in those entities. Accordingly, the US Debt Fund investment is accounted for using the equity method of accounting and is reflected in investment in unconsolidated joint ventures on the consolidated balance sheets.
New Accounting Standards
In June 2009, the FASB issued SFAS No. 166, “Accounting for Transfers of Financial Assets, an amendment of FASB Statement No. 140.” This SFAS (i) removes the concept of a qualifying special purpose entity (SPE) from SFAS No. 140 and eliminates the exception for qualifying SPEs from the consolidation guidance of FIN No. 46(R), (ii) amends and clarifies the unit of account eligible for sale accounting as an entire financial asset, group of assets or a participating interest in an entire financial asset, (iii) requires that a transferor recognize and initially measure at fair value all assets obtained and liabilities incurred as a result of a transfer of an entire financial asset or group of assets accounted for as a sale. SFAS No. 166 is effective as of the beginning of each reporting entity’s first annual reporting period that begins after November 15, 2009, for interim periods within that first annual reporting period and for interim and annual reporting periods thereafter with earlier adoption prohibited. The Company will adopt SFAS No. 166 on January 1, 2010 and is currently evaluating the impact on its consolidated financial statements, however, it currently believes that the presentation of its consolidated financial statements may prospectively change significantly upon adoption.
In June 2009, the FASB issued Statement No. 167, “Amendments to FASB Interpretation No. 46(R) (Statement 167),” which (i) addresses the effects of eliminating the qualifying special-purpose entity (QSPE) concept from FASB Statement No. 140,Accounting for Transfers and Servicing of Financial Assets and Extinguishments of Liabilities(Statement 140), and (ii) responds to concerns about the application of certain key provisions of FASB Interpretation No. 46(R),Consolidation of Variable Interest Entities(FIN 46(R)), including concerns over the transparency of enterprises’ involvement with variable interest entities (VIEs). This SFAS (i) requires a qualitative rather than a quantitative analysis to determine the primary beneficiary of a VIE, (b) amends FIN 46(R)’s consideration of related party relationships in the determination of the primary beneficiary of a VIE by providing, among other things, an exception with respect to de facto agency relationships in certain circumstances, (c) amends certain guidance in FIN 46(R) for determining whether an entity is a VIE, which may change an enterprise’s assessment of which entities with which it is involved are VIEs, (d) requires continuous assessments of whether an enterprise is the primary beneficiary of a VIE and (e) requires enhanced disclosures about an enterprise’s involvement with a VIE. SFAS No. 167 is effective as of the beginning of an enterprise’s first annual reporting period that begins after November 15, 2009, for interim periods within that first annual reporting period and for interim and annual reporting periods thereafter, with earlier application prohibited. The Company will adopt SFAS No. 167 on January 1, 2010 and is currently evaluating the impact on its consolidated financial statements, however, it currently believes that the presentation of its consolidated financial statements may prospectively change significantly upon adoption.
In June 2009, the FASB issued Statement No. 168, “The FASB Accounting Codification and the Hierarchy of Generally Accepted Accounting Principles, a replacement of FASB Statement No. 162 (“SFAS No. 168”). SFAS No. 168 establishes the FASB Accounting Standards Codification (the “Codification”), as the source of authoritative accounting principles recognized by the FASB to be applied by nongovernmental entities in the preparation of financial statements in conformity with GAAP, and states that all guidance contained in the Codification carries equal level of authority. Rules and interpretive releases of the SEC under federal securities laws are also sources of authoritative GAAP for SEC registrants. The Codification does not change GAAP, however it does change the way in which it is to be researched and referenced. SFAS No. 168 is effective for financial statements issued for interim and annual periods ending after September 15, 2009. The Company does not expect the adoption of SFAS No. 168 to have a material impact on our consolidated financial statements.
Reclassifications
During the third quarter of 2009, certain reclassifications were made to interest income from CMBS and other gains (losses) of our consolidated statement of operations to reclassify negative income on certain of our CMBS investments as impairment losses for the three months ended March 31, 2009 and the three and six months ended June 30, 2009. The adjustments are for financial reporting classification purposes only and have no impact on reported total net loss, net loss per common share or cash flows for the periods affected. Below is a summary of the reclassifications and the impact on the Company’s consolidated statement of operations.
11
JER INVESTORS TRUST INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS—(Continued)
(Amounts in thousands, except for share and per share data and as otherwise noted)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | For the Three Months Ended | | | For the Six Months Ended June 30, 2009 | |
| March 31, 2009 | | | June 30, 2009 | | |
| As Reported | | | As Adjusted | | | As Reported | | | As Adjusted | | | As Reported | | | As Adjusted | |
Interest income from CMBS | | $ | 15,237 | | | $ | 19,212 | | | $ | 6,957 | | | $ | 13,389 | | | $ | 22,197 | | | $ | 32,604 | |
Unrealized loss on financial assets financed with CDOs | | | (100,236 | ) | | | (102,114 | ) | | | (27,695 | ) | | | (32,626 | ) | | | (127,931 | ) | | | (134,740 | ) |
Loss on impairment of CMBS | | | (14,512 | ) | | | (16,609 | ) | | | (3,854 | ) | | | (5,355 | ) | | | (18,366 | ) | | | (21,964 | ) |
Net loss | | | (18,334 | ) | | | (18,334 | ) | | | (8,707 | ) | | | (8,707 | ) | | | (27,036 | ) | | | (27,036 | ) |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
4. FAIR VALUE MEASUREMENTS
Election of the Fair Value Option (“FVO”)
Effective January 1, 2008, the Company elected the FVO to measure all of its financial assets and liabilities associated with our CDO I and II financings at fair value to provide a consistent balance sheet presentation of the fair value of both the assets and liabilities associated with those CDO financings. As a result of our election of the FVO, all changes in fair value of the elected assets and liabilities are recognized through a charge to earnings. The following financial assets and liabilities were accounted for using the FVO as of September 30, 2009:
| • | | CMBS investments pledged as collateral in CDOs |
| • | | Real estate loans pledged as collateral in CDOs, which currently represent our real estate loans held for investment |
| • | | CDO related interest rate swaps |
On January 1, 2008, all assets and liabilities for which the FVO was elected were marked to fair value with the adjustment recorded to beginning cumulative earnings as of the election date. For CMBS assets and interest rate swaps, the amounts accumulated in other comprehensive income as of January 1, 2008 were reclassified to beginning cumulative earnings. Additionally, as a result of electing the FVO for our CDO notes payable, the related unamortized deferred financing fees were charged against cumulative earnings as of January 1, 2008.
Fair Value Determination
Pursuant to the provisions of the relevant accounting guidance, the fair values of our assets and liabilities are determined through the use of market based and observable inputs, to the extent available, and generally represent prices that would be used to sell the assets or transfer the liabilities between market participants in orderly transactions. Given the unique nature of many of our assets and liabilities and the lack of clearly determinable market based valuation inputs, most of our assets are valued using internal estimates and models. Based on the high level of subjectivity which exists with respect to many of our valuation inputs, the fair values we have disclosed may not equal prices that may ultimately be realized if the assets are sold or liabilities transferred with third parties.
The financial instruments we hold that require the most complex judgments and assumptions relate to our CMBS investments, real estate loans and CDO notes payable all of which are classified as Level 3, and the fair value measurement process for each category of financial instrument is detailed below.
| • | | CMBS investments are carried at fair value on a recurring basis—The fair value of CMBS investments is determined primarily by its internal valuation models which the Company compares to non-binding dealer quotes. In its internal valuation models, management employs a discounted cash flow model approach which utilizes prepayment and loss assumptions based upon historical experience, economic factors and forecasts and the characteristics of the underlying cash flows. Management determines the applicable discount rates based on current credit spreads as reflected in information provided by issuers of the securities, comparable deals purchased or traded in the marketplace, if available, the CMBX indices and other derivative trading markets, rates of return required by other real estate debt and equity investment vehicles and market interest rates, among other factors. The discount rates employed also consider the vintage and credit ratings of the bonds being valued. The Company has classified all CMBS investments as Level 3 assets as there are limited observable transactions related to these investments in the current market. |
| • | | Real estate loans—The Company uses discounted cash flow models employing discount rates that are based on management’s best estimate of market participant assumptions either to validate the quotes or estimated value in situations where lender quotes are not received. Projected real estate loan cash flows incorporate management estimates of nonrecoverable principal and interest as well as loan maturity date extensions in certain situations. The Company also considers quotes from the lenders on repurchase agreements that are used as an input to the fair value of our real estate loans to the extent that such |
12
JER INVESTORS TRUST INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS—(Continued)
(Amounts in thousands, except for share and per share data and as otherwise noted)
| values are generally consistent with other market participant inputs received. The Company has classified all real estate loans as Level 3 assets as there are limited observable transactions related to these types of investments in the current market. |
| • | | CDO notes payable—The fair value of the CDO notes payable is determined by our internal valuation models, which the Company compares to non-binding indicative quotes from third party broker/dealers familiar with the securities. The Company classifies all CDO notes payable as Level 3 liabilities, as there are limited observable transactions related to these notes payable. |
| • | | Interest rate swap agreements—The fair value of its interest rate swap agreements is determined using market observable inputs such as a market based yield curve and other factors determined by management, such as the credit valuation adjustment related to our credit risk and the counterparty credit risk. The Company classifies all interest rate swap agreements as Level 2 assets or liabilities due to significant trading activity in this market and the insignificance of the credit valuation adjustment relative to the September 30, 2009 fair value of our interest rate swaps. |
Assets and liabilities carried at fair value on a recurring basis
The following table sets forth assets and liabilities carried at fair value on a recurring basis on the balance sheet as of September 30, 2009. Assets and liabilities have been grouped in their entirety based on the lowest level of input that is significant to the fair value measurement. All of our assets and liabilities, except for interest rate swap agreements, are carried at fair value and have been designated as Level 3, in part, due to the lack of observable market data. In considering whether observable market data existed, we considered whether the markets for our assets and liabilities were illiquid. In general, we consider a market to be illiquid primarily due to the significant decrease in new issue CMBS and CDO commercial real estate securitization volume and limited secondary market trading on previous issues.
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | Fair Value Measurement as of September 30, 2009 | | Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Assets (Level 1) | | Significant Other Observable Inputs (Level 2) | | Significant Unobservable Inputs (Level 3) |
Assets: | | | | | | | | | | | | |
CMBS, at fair value: | | | | | | | | | | | | |
CMBS financed by CDOs, at fair value | | $ | 88,817 | | $ | — | | $ | — | | $ | 88,817 |
CMBS not financed by CDOs, at fair value | | | 13,812 | | | — | | | — | | | 13,812 |
Real estate loans, held for investment, at fair value | | | 118,717 | | | — | | | — | | | 118,717 |
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
Total Assets | | $ | 221,346 | | $ | — | | $ | — | | $ | 221,346 |
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | |
Liabilities: | | | | | | | | | | | | |
CDO notes payable, at fair value | | $ | 117,532 | | $ | — | | $ | — | | $ | 117,532 |
Interest rate swap agreements, at fair value, related to CDOs | | | 46,668 | | | — | | | 46,668 | | | — |
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
Total Liabilities | | $ | 164,200 | | $ | — | | $ | 46,668 | | $ | 117,532 |
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
The following tables present a summary of the changes in the fair values for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2009 of Level 3 assets and liabilities carried at fair value as of September 30, 2009.
13
JER INVESTORS TRUST INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS—(Continued)
(Amounts in thousands, except for share and per share data and as otherwise noted)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Level 3 Fair Value Measurements for the Three Months Ended September 30, 2009 | |
| | | | | | | Gains/(Losses) Included in Income | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | FVO Election (Yes/ No) | | Beginning Balance as of June 30, 2009 | | | Unrealized | | | Realized | | Transfer from Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income to Gains (Losses) | | Total Gains (Losses) | | | Transfer to Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income From Gains (Losses) | | Purchases, Sales, Repayments, Issuances, & Settlements, net | | Premium/ Discount Amortization | | | Transfers (In)/ Out of Ending Balance as of | | | Gains/ (Losses) Included in Earnings Related to Assets/ Liabilities held at September 30, 2009 | |
| | | | | | | | | | Level 3 | | September 30, 2009 | | |
Financial Assets: | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
CMBS, at fair value: | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
CMBS, financed by CDOs, at fair value | | Yes | | $ | 91,182 | | | $ | (54 | ) | | $ | — | | $ | — | | $ | (54 | ) | | $ | — | | $ | — | | $ | (2,311 | ) | | $ | — | | | 88,817 | | | $ | (54 | ) |
CMBS, not financed by CDOs, at fair value | | No | | | 17,339 | | | | (2,733 | ) | | | — | | | 684 | | | (2,049 | ) | | | — | | | — | | | (1,478 | ) | | | — | | | 13,812 | | | | (2,049 | ) |
Real estate loans, held for investment, at fair value | | Yes | | | 137,993 | | | | (19,276 | ) | | | — | | | — | | | (19,276 | ) | | | — | | | | | | | | | | — | | | 118,717 | | | | (19,276 | ) |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Total Assets | | | | $ | 246,514 | | | $ | (22,063 | ) | | $ | — | | $ | 684 | | $ | (21,379 | ) | | $ | — | | $ | — | | $ | (3,789 | ) | | $ | — | | $ | 221,346 | | | $ | (21,379 | ) |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Financial Liabilities: | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
CDO notes payable, at fair value, related to CDOs | | Yes | | $ | (116,129 | ) | | $ | (6,144 | ) | | $ | — | | $ | — | | $ | (6,144 | ) | | $ | — | | $ | 4,741 | | $ | — | | | $ | — | | $ | (117,532 | ) | | $ | (6,144 | ) |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Total Liabilities | | | | $ | (116,129 | ) | | $ | (6,144 | ) | | $ | — | | $ | — | | $ | (6,144 | ) | | $ | — | | $ | 4,741 | | $ | — | | | $ | — | | $ | (117,532 | ) | | $ | (6,144 | ) |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Gains and Losses (Realized and Unrealized) Included In Earnings for the Three Months Ended September 30, 2009 | |
| | Gain (Loss) on CMBS Financed by CDO’s | | | Loss on CMBS Not Financed by CDOs | | | Loss on Real Estate Loans Held for Investment | | | Total Losses | |
Financial Assets: | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Total gains (losses) included in earnings for the period | | $ | (54 | ) | | $ | (2,049 | ) | | $ | (19,276 | ) | | | (21,379 | ) |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Change in unrealized gains or losses related to financial assets still held at reporting date | | $ | (54 | ) | | $ | (2,049 | ) | | $ | (19,276 | ) | | $ | (21,379 | ) |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | |
| | Loss on CDO Notes Payable | | | Total Losses | |
Financial Liabilities: | | | | | | | | |
Total gains (losses) included in earnings for the period | | $ | (6,144 | ) | | $ | (6,144 | ) |
| | | | | | | | |
Change in unrealized gains or losses related to financial liabilities still held at reporting date | | $ | (6,144 | ) | | $ | (6,144 | ) |
| | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Level 3 Fair Value Measurements for the Nine Months Ended September 30, 2009 | |
| | | | | | | Gains/(Losses) Included in Income | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | FVO Election (Yes/ No) | | Beginning Balance as of December 31, 2008 | | | Unrealized | | | Realized | | Transfer from Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income to Gains (Losses) | | | Total Gains (Losses) | | | Transfer to Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income From Gains (Losses) | | Purchases, Sales, Repayments, Issuances, & Settlements, net | | | Premium/ Discount Amortization | | | Transfers (In)/ Out of Ending Balance as of | | | Gains/ (Losses) Included in Earnings Related to Assets/ Liabilities held at September 30, 2009 | |
| | | | | | | | | | Level 3 | | September 30, 2009 | | |
Financial Assets: | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
CMBS, at fair value: | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
CMBS, financed by CDOs, at fair value | | Yes | | $ | 180,210 | | | $ | (86,508 | ) | | $ | — | | $ | — | | | $ | (86,508 | ) | | $ | — | | $ | — | | | $ | (4,885 | ) | | $ | — | | $ | 88,817 | | | $ | (86,508 | ) |
CMBS, not financed by CDOs, at fair value | | No | | | 42,432 | | | | (24,697 | ) | | | — | | | (150 | ) | | | (24,847 | ) | | | — | | | — | | | | (3,773 | ) | | | — | | | 13,812 | | | | (24,847 | ) |
Real estate loans, held for investment, at fair value | | Yes | | | 189,980 | | | | (67,561 | ) | | | — | | | — | | | | (67,561 | ) | | | — | | | (3,702 | ) | | | — | | | | — | | | 118,717 | | | | (67,561 | ) |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Total Assets | | | | $ | 412,622 | | | $ | (178,766 | ) | | $ | — | | $ | (150 | ) | | $ | (178,916 | ) | | $ | — | | $ | (3,702 | ) | | $ | (8,658 | ) | | $ | — | | $ | 221,346 | | | $ | (178,916 | ) |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Financial Liabilities: | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
CDO notes payable, at fair value, related to CDOs | | Yes | | $ | (211,695 | ) | | $ | 78,917 | | | $ | — | | $ | — | | | $ | 78,917 | | | $ | — | | $ | 15,246 | | | $ | — | | | $ | — | | $ | (117,532 | ) | | $ | 78,917 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Total Liabilities | | | | $ | (211,695 | ) | | $ | 78,917 | | | $ | — | | $ | — | | | $ | 78,917 | | | $ | — | | $ | 15,246 | | | $ | — | | | $ | — | | $ | (117,532 | ) | | $ | 78,917 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Gains and Losses (Realized and Unrealized) Included In Earnings for the Nine Months Ended September 30, 2009 | |
| | Loss on CMBS Financed by CDO’s | | | Loss on CMBS Not Financed by CDOs | | | Loss on Real Estate Loans Held for Investment | | | Total Losses | |
Financial Assets: | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Total gains (losses) included in earnings for the period | | $ | (86,508 | ) | | $ | (24,847 | ) | | $ | (67,561 | ) | | | (178,916 | ) |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Change in unrealized gains or losses related to financial assets still held at reporting date | | $ | (86,508 | ) | | $ | (24,847 | ) | | $ | (67,561 | ) | | $ | (178,916 | ) |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | |
| | Gain on CDO Notes Payable | | Total Gains |
Financial Liabilities: | | | | | | |
Total gains (losses) included in earnings for the period | | $ | 78,917 | | $ | 78,917 |
| | | | | | |
Change in unrealized gains or losses related to financial liabilities still held at reporting date | | $ | 78,917 | | $ | 78,917 |
| | | | | | |
14
JER INVESTORS TRUST INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS—(Continued)
(Amounts in thousands, except for share and per share data and as otherwise noted)
5. CMBS
The following is a summary of the Company’s CMBS investments as of September 30, 2009 and December 31, 2008:
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | September 30, 2009 ($ in thousands) |
Security Description | | Face Amount | | Amortized Cost | | Gross Unrealized | | Estimated Fair Value | | Weighted Average |
| | | Gains | | Losses | | | Coupon | | | Yield (4) | | | Term (yrs) |
CMBS not financed by CDOs(1)(3) | | $ | 424,815 | | $ | 13,118 | | $ | 694 | | $ | — | | $ | 13,812 | | 5.2 | % | | 55.9 | % | | 5.9 |
CMBS financed by CDO I(2) | | | 418,748 | | | 39,616 | | | 8,414 | | | — | | | 48,030 | | 4.9 | % | | 40.4 | % | | 7.5 |
CMBS financed by CDO II(2) | | | 873,931 | | | 36,403 | | | 4,384 | | | — | | | 40,787 | | 5.2 | % | | 50.2 | % | | 7.5 |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | $ | 1,717,494 | | $ | 89,137 | | $ | 13,492 | | $ | — | | $ | 102,629 | | 5.1 | % | | 46.2 | % | | 7.3 |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | |
| | | | December 31, 2008 ($ in thousands) |
Security Description | | Face Amount | | Amortized Cost | | Gross Unrealized | | Estimated Fair Value | | Weighted Average |
| | | Gains | | Losses | | | Coupon | | | Yield (4) | | | Term (yrs) |
CMBS not financed by CDOs(1)(3) | | $ | 449,732 | | $ | 41,590 | | $ | 842 | | $ | — | | $ | 42,432 | | 5.2 | % | | 43.3 | % | | 7.5 |
CMBS financed by CDO I(2) | | | 418,748 | | | 76,886 | | | — | | | — | | | 76,886 | | 4.9 | % | | 30.6 | % | | 8.7 |
CMBS financed by CDO II(2) | | | 888,873 | | | 102,271 | | | 1,053 | | | — | | | 103,324 | | 5.2 | % | | 36.9 | % | | 8.4 |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | $ | 1,757,353 | | $ | 220,747 | | $ | 1,895 | | $ | — | | $ | 222,642 | | 5.1 | % | | 35.6 | % | | 8.3 |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
(1) | Fair values of CMBS not financed by CDOs are accounted for as available for sale securities and thereby subject to potential other than temporary impairment charges. As a result of recording impairments during the nine months ended September 30, 2009 and the twelve months ended December 31, 2008, the amortized costs of these CMBS securities have been written down to their estimated fair value at September 30, 2009 and December 31, 2008, respectively. Subsequent to September 30, 2009, unrealized gains/losses, if any, that are not impairments will be included in other comprehensive income (loss). |
(2) | Fair values of CMBS financed by CDOs are accounted for using the fair value election as of January 1, 2008 and are not subject to other than temporary impairment charges as changes in fair value are recorded as a component of other gains (losses) in the consolidated statement of operations. During the nine months ended September 30, 2009 and the twelve months ended December 31, 2008, the Company recorded $98.3 million and $606.8 million, respectively, of reductions in the amortized cost basis of CMBS assets financed by CDOs. |
(3) | For the CMBS investments financed via repurchase agreements which had a fair value of $13.5 million and $40.2 million, respectively, at September 30, 2009 and December 31, 2008, total borrowings outstanding were $8.9 million and $16.1 million, respectively. |
(4) | Yield is based on amortized cost. |
The composition of other than temporary non-cash impairment charges for assets which the Company did not elect the fair value option is as follows for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2009 and 2008 (amounts in thousands):
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | For the Three Months Ended September 30, | | | For the Nine Months Ended September 30, | |
Reason for Loss | | 2009 | | | 2008 | | | 2009 | | | 2008 | |
Declines in cash flows(1) | | $ | (2,733 | ) | | $ | (29,800 | ) | | $ | (20,882 | ) | | $ | (32,156 | ) |
Declines in fair value(2) | | | — | | | | — | | | | (3,815 | ) | | | (97,530 | ) |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | $ | (2,733 | ) | | $ | (29,800 | ) | | $ | (24,697 | ) | | $ | (129,686 | ) |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
(1) | Losses driven by declines in cash flows are related to declines in the projected net present value of future cash flows. |
(2) | Losses driven by an other than temporary declines in fair value is due to widening of credit spreads for CMBS investments since the first half of 2007. |
As a result of the write-down in value of our CMBS assets financed by CDOs due to adoption of FVO and the write-down in value of our CMBS assets not financed by CDOs due to other than temporary impairment, the overall costs basis has been written down to reflect the decline in estimated fair value. Accordingly, the weighted average yields on CMBS assets have increased due to a reduction in the amortized cost basis.
15
JER INVESTORS TRUST INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS—(Continued)
(Amounts in thousands, except for share and per share data and as otherwise noted)
As of September 30, 2009 and December 31, 2008, the mortgage loans in the underlying collateral pools for all CMBS were secured by properties of the types and in the geographies identified below:
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Location(1) | | September 30, 2009 | | | December 31, 2008 | | | Property Type (1) | | September 30, 2009 | | | December 31, 2008 | |
California | | 15.5 | % | | 15.4 | % | | Office | | 31.7 | % | | 31.7 | % |
New York | | 11.9 | % | | 11.9 | % | | Retail | | 30.7 | % | | 30.7 | % |
Texas | | 6.5 | % | | 6.5 | % | | Residential(2) | | 15.3 | % | | 15.4 | % |
Florida | | 5.8 | % | | 5.8 | % | | Hospitality | | 7.1 | % | | 7.2 | % |
Virginia | | 4.7 | % | | 4.6 | % | | Industrial | | 5.4 | % | | 5.2 | % |
Other(3) | | 54.9 | % | | 55.0 | % | | Other(3) | | 9.1 | % | | 9.0 | % |
Re-REMIC(4) | | 0.7 | % | | 0.8 | % | | Re-REMIC(4) | | 0.7 | % | | 0.8 | % |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Total | | 100.0 | % | | 100.0 | % | | Total | | 100.0 | % | | 100.0 | % |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
(1) | Percentages are based on the unpaid principal balance of the underlying loans in our CMBS investments. Classifications are based on the National Council of Real Estate Investment Fiduciaries’ (“NCREIF”) standard categories. |
(2) | Residential primarily consists of multi-family apartment buildings, mobile home parks, and student housing. |
(3) | No other individual state or property type comprises more than 4.0% of the total as of September 30, 2009 and December 31, 2008, respectively. |
(4) | The Company’s investment in a Re-REMIC backed by CMBS from 41 previous conduit securitizations is not included in the above categories due to the stratification information on the original loan collateral not being meaningful. |
The non-investment grade and unrated tranches of the CMBS owned by the Company provide credit support to the more senior classes of the related securitizations. Cash flow from the underlying mortgages generally is allocated first to the senior tranches, with the most senior tranches having a priority right to the cash flow. Any remaining cash flow is allocated, generally, among the other tranches in order of their relative seniority. To the extent there are defaults and unrecoverable losses on the underlying mortgages resulting in reduced cash flows, the remaining CMBS classes will bear such losses in order of their relative subordination.
During the nine months ended September 30, 2009 and 2008, the Company made no new CMBS investments.
16
JER INVESTORS TRUST INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS—(Continued)
(Amounts in thousands, except for share and per share data and as otherwise noted)
6. REAL ESTATE LOANS
At September 30, 2009 and December 31, 2008, the Company’s real estate loans consisted of the following.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | As of September 30, 2009 ($ in thousands) |
Description | | Unpaid Principal Balance | | Amortized Cost | | Carrying Value | | Unrealized Gain/(Loss) | | | Weighted Average Effective Interest Rate Based on Amortized Cost | | | Range of Maturity Dates (2) |
Real estate loans, held for investment(1) | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
First mortgage loan participations | | $ | 43,639 | | $ | 43,639 | | $ | 25,384 | | $ | (18,254 | ) | | 3.8 | % | | February 2010 - February 2011 |
Mezzanine loans | | | 226,648 | | | 226,383 | | | 93,333 | | | (133,050 | ) | | 3.2 | % | | June 2010 - November 2010 |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | $ | 270,287 | | $ | 270,022 | | $ | 118,717 | | $ | (151,304 | ) | | 3.3 | % | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| |
| | As of December 31, 2008 ($ in thousands) |
Description | | Unpaid Principal Balance | | Amortized Cost | | Carrying Value | | Unrealized Gain/(Loss) | | | Weighted Average Effective Interest Rate Based on Amortized Cost | | | Range of Current Maturity Dates(2) |
Real estate loans, held for investment(1) | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
First mortgage loan participations | | $ | 47,077 | | $ | 47,077 | | $ | 28,555 | | $ | (18,522 | ) | | 4.1 | % | | February 2009 |
Mezzanine loans | | | 226,913 | | | 226,647 | | | 161,425 | | | (65,222 | ) | | 4.0 | % | | May 2009 - November 2009 |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | $ | 273,990 | | $ | 273,724 | | $ | 189,980 | | $ | (83,744 | ) | | 4.0 | % | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
(1) | Carrying value based on fair value. See Note 4 for further details on determination of fair value of real estate loans. |
(2) | Loans have extension options which could extend maturity dates to November 2010 to June 2012. |
As of September 30, 2009 and December 31, 2008, real estate loans were directly or indirectly secured by properties of the types and in the geographies identified below:
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Location(1) | | September 30, 2009 | | | December 31, 2008 | | | Property Type(1) | | September 30, 2009 | | | December 31, 2008 | |
Real estate loans, held for investment | | | | | | | | Real estate loans, held for investment | | | | | | |
New York | | 16.8 | % | | 17.9 | % | | Hospitality | | 61.1 | % | | 60.4 | % |
Hawaii | | 15.2 | % | | 15.0 | % | | Office | | 22.7 | % | | 22.4 | % |
California | | 12.5 | % | | 12.4 | % | | Multi-use | | 10.7 | % | | 11.7 | % |
Texas | | 7.8 | % | | 7.6 | % | | Retail | | 5.5 | % | | 5.5 | % |
Florida | | 6.6 | % | | 6.5 | % | | Multifamily | | 0.0 | % | | 0.0 | % |
Puerto Rico | | 6.5 | % | | 6.4 | % | | Healthcare | | 0.0 | % | | 0.0 | % |
Georgia | | 5.5 | % | | 5.4 | % | | | | | | | | |
Other(2) | | 29.1 | % | | 28.8 | % | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | 100.0 | % | | 100.0 | % | | | | 100.0 | % | | 100.0 | % |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
(1) | Percentages are based on the unpaid principal balance of the underlying loans. |
(2) | No other individual state comprises more than 5.0% of the total as of September 30, 2009 and December 31, 2008. |
As of September 30, 2009 and December 31, 2008, the Company’s real estate loans were financed by CDO II.
During the nine months ended September 30, 2009 and 2008, the Company made no investments in real estate loans.
During the nine months ended September 30, 2009 and 2008, the Company received repayments of $3.7 million and $8.5 million, respectively, related to outstanding principal balances on certain real estate loans.
During the nine months ended September 30, 2008, the Company sold two whole mortgage loans classified as held for sale with an aggregate face amount of $110.0 million and an amortized cost basis of $111.3 million for $91.2 million. The Company repaid $67.2 million in related borrowings under its repurchase agreement and generated $18.6 million in net cash proceeds after paying related transaction costs. The Company recorded $20.3 million of realized losses in connection with the sale of these loans.
7. INVESTMENT IN U.S DEBT FUND
In December 2007, the Company and JER Real Estate Partners IV, L.P. and JER Real Estate Qualified Partners IV, L.P. (together, “JER Fund IV”), investment funds managed by J.E. Robert Company, Inc. (the “J.E. Robert Company”), the parent of the Company’s manager, JER Commercial Debt Advisors LLC, entered into a Limited Partnership Agreement pursuant to which the Company and JER Fund IV agreed to co-manage a private equity fund, to be known as JER US Debt
17
JER INVESTORS TRUST INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS—(Continued)
(Amounts in thousands, except for share and per share data and as otherwise noted)
Co-Investment Vehicle, L.P. (the “US Debt Fund”) for the purpose of investing in loans secured, directly or indirectly, by commercial real estate, including, B-Notes, mezzanine loans and whole mortgage loans, and also in preferred equity, CMBS and CMBS-related products, such as CMBX (the “Targeted Investments”). The California Public Employees’ Retirement System (“CalPERS”) committed $200.0 million, and the Company and JER Fund IV each committed $10.0 million to the US Debt Fund.
On December 4, 2008, the Company, JER Fund IV and CalPERS entered into an amendment to the US Debt Fund’s amended and restated limited partnership agreement (the “LPA”) with CalPERS, extending the US Debt Fund’s commitment period for an additional one year period, from December 11, 2008 to December 11, 2009. In addition, pursuant to the amendment, the US Debt Fund’s general partner is not required by the LPA to allocate new investment opportunities to the US Debt Fund. Finally, the amendment provides that commencing on December 11, 2008 through and including December 11, 2009, the management fee payable by CalPERS to the US Debt Fund’s general partner shall be calculated to (i) include CalPERS’ pro-rata share of the outstanding principal balance on the US Debt Fund’s revolving credit facility with WestLB AG New York Branch and (ii) exclude CalPERS’ pro-rata share of unrestricted cash and cash equivalents held by the US Debt Fund. Prior to the amendment, the US Debt Fund paid to the Company and JER Fund IV a base management fee equal to 1.5% on drawn capital and up to 20% of the aggregate profits earned and distributed by the US Debt Fund (after limited partners receive distributions equal to their initial investment and a specified preferred rate of return thereon). The Company and JER Fund IV divide the management and incentive fees on a 50%-50% basis. The Company recognized management fee income from the US Debt Fund of $0.3 million and $0.1 million during the three months ended September 30, 2009 and 2008, respectively, and $0.8 million and $0.3 million during the nine months ended September 30, 2009 and 2008, respectively.
As of September 30, 2009 and December 31, 2008, the Company made capital contributions of $4.9 million and $3.4 million, respectively, in the US Debt Fund, which is reflected in investments in unconsolidated joint ventures on the Company’s consolidated balance sheets. During the three months ended September 30, 2009 and 2008, the Company recorded $(0.3) and $(0.4) of equity in earnings (losses) from the US Debt Fund, respectively, and $(2.0) million and $0.5 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2009 and 2008, respectively.
The Company’s lack of available liquidity and financing make unlikely it that the Company will meet future capital calls from the US Debt Fund. A failure by the Company to fund its portion of future capital calls may adversely impact its investment in and management fees earned from the US Debt Fund, and lead to, among other items, assessment of interest on unfunded capital calls and/or dilution of the Company’s current investment interests.
8. DEBT OBLIGATIONS
CDO Notes Payable
As of September 30, 2009 and December 31, 2008, the Company had the following CDO notes payable obligations:
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | Collateral | | Notes Issued as of September 30, 2009 | | Notes Issued as of December 31, 2008 |
Issuance | | Issuance Date | | Type | | Amount | | Type | | Outstanding Balance | | Fair Value | | Weighted Average Interest Rate | | | Weighted Average Life Remaining | | Outstanding Balance | | Fair Value | | Weighted Average Interest Rate | | | Weighted Average Life Remaining |
CDO I | | November | | CMBS | | $ | 418,748 | | Fixed | | $ | 147,030 | | $ | 23,560 | | 6.0 | % | | 10.8 | | $ | 147,030 | | $ | 34,162 | | 6.0 | % | | 6.9 |
| | 2005 | | | | | | | Floating | | | 118,353 | | | 10,321 | | 0.6 | % | | 7.1 | | | 119,193 | | | 26,660 | | 0.8 | % | | 6.4 |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | $ | 265,383 | | $ | 33,881 | | 3.6 | % | | 8.4 | | $ | 266,223 | | $ | 60,822 | | 3.6 | % | | 6.7 |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | CMBS, mezzanine | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
CDO II | | | | loans, first mortgage | | $ | 1,183,250 | | Fixed | | $ | 48,692 | | $ | — | | 5.8 | % | | — | | $ | 47,000 | | $ | 3,434 | | 5.8 | % | | 7.8 |
| | October | | interests, Re-Remic | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | 2006 | | securities | | | | | Floating | | | 645,206 | | | 83,651 | | 0.9 | % | | 5.0 | | | 661,303 | | | 147,439 | | 2.0 | % | | 6.8 |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | $ | 693,898 | | $ | 83,651 | | 1.2 | % | | 5.0 | | $ | 708,303 | | $ | 150,873 | | 2.3 | % | | 6.9 |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
CDO II has a replenishment collateral pool of up to $275.0 million that would allow replenishment of proceeds of real estate loans that are paid off within five years from the closing of the transaction, subject to the replenishment collateral meeting certain criteria outlined in the CDO II indenture and satisfaction of certain other requirements. During the nine months ended September 30, 2009 and 2008, the Company did not contribute any collateral interests to CDO II and CDO II received $3.7 million and $0, respectively, of real estate loan repayments on CDO II real estate loan collateral. As of September 30, 2009, the replenishment pool balance was $4.7 million, which is reflected in restricted cash on our consolidated balance sheets.
The Company has accounted for the CDO I and CDO II transactions as financings due to certain permitted activities of CDO trusts that are not consistent with activities of a QSPE, such as having the ability to sell impaired securities and acquire replenishment securities with the proceeds at the discretion of the collateral administrator. Accordingly, the assets transferred to the respective CDO trusts are reflected in the Company’s balance sheets and notes issued to third parties are reflected as CDO notes payable in the accompanying consolidated financial statements.
18
JER INVESTORS TRUST INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS—(Continued)
(Amounts in thousands, except for share and per share data and as otherwise noted)
The terms of the Company’s CDOs include certain over-collateralization and interest coverage tests, which are used primarily to determine whether and to what extent principal and interest paid on the debt securities and other assets that serve as collateral underlying the CDOs may be used to pay principal and interest on the notes payable and preferred shares issued by the CDOs. In each of our CDOs, in the event that either test is not satisfied, interest and principal that would otherwise be payable on certain of the junior tranches of notes payable and preferred shares issued by the CDOs and retained by us may be redirected to repay principal on certain senior tranches of notes payable issued by the CDOs.
As a result of downgrades relating to its CMBS collateral, CDO II failed certain of its over-collateralization tests beginning in February 2009. Such failures have continued, and are expected to continue for the foreseeable future. As a result of the failure of these over-collateralization coverage tests (i) certain interest payments normally scheduled to be allocated to the holders of the junior notes payable and preferred shareholders of CDO II were reallocated to the holders of the senior notes payable, and (ii) any available principal proceeds were reallocated to the holders of the senior notes payable. Consequently, the Company will not receive any cash flow distributions on the junior notes payable and preferred share investments retained by it and/or its affiliates in CDO II until such time, if ever, the over-collateralization coverage tests are complied with. Even if the over-collateralization coverage tests are eventually complied with, our ability to obtain regular cash payments from the assets securing CDO II is dependent upon CDO II continuing to meet interest coverage and over-collateralization coverage tests. If the February through September 2009 over-collateralization coverage tests for CDO II had not failed, the Company would have received approximately $13.5 million in additional distributions during 2009. During 2008, the Company received approximately $28 million of net cash distributions from CDO II.
CMBS downgrades generally do not affect the over-collateralization coverage test applicable to collateral in CDO I, unless such collateral is downgraded to “CC” or below. As of September 30, 2009, 14 CMBS bonds underlying CDO I have been downgraded to “CC” or lower, causing certain cash payments from such downgraded CMBS bonds normally scheduled to be allocated to the holder of the junior notes payable and preferred shareholders of CDO I to be reallocated to the holders of the senior notes payable. While CDO I is still in compliance with its over-collateralization and interest coverage tests, these bond downgrades, combined with declining cash flows from the CMBS underlying CDO I has reduced the cash flow to the Company on its retained preferred shares. For the three months ended September 30, 2009, we collected $0 from our retained preferred shares in CDO I, compared with $0.4 million for the three months ending June 30, 2009 and $0.8 million during the three months ended September 30, 2008.
The redirection of cash in CDOs is not expected to impact the GAAP or tax treatment to us relative to our reporting of the individual assets and liabilities related to the CDOs as we consolidate both CDOs on our balance sheet. While we believe our balance sheet reflects the fair value of the individual CDO related assets and liabilities, we believe the estimated economic fair value of our combined retained interest in the CDOs is significantly less than the difference between the estimated fair values of the assets and liabilities, determined in accordance with GAAP.
With respect to CDO II, the Company has been appointed its advancing agent. In this capacity, the Company may be required to make interest advances to CDO II in the event that the sum of interest proceeds and principal proceeds collected during the related due period are insufficient to remit the interest that is due and payable to the Class A Notes and Class B Notes in accordance with the priority of payments of CDO II (the amount of such insufficiency, an “Interest Shortfall”). The Company will be entitled to recover any previously unreimbursed interest advances made by it, together with interest thereon, first, from interest proceeds and second if applicable, from principal proceeds, senior to any payments of interest or principal to the noteholders and senior to any payments of fees, expenses or hedge payments of CDO II, only to the extent that such recovery would not trigger an additional Interest Shortfall to the Class A Notes or Class B Notes. In the event that the Company determines that such interest advances are nonrecoverable interest advances, the Company would be entitled to recovery of any previously unreimbursed interest advances made by it, together with interest thereon, without regards to whether such recovery would trigger additional Interest Shortfalls. As of September 30, 2009 and December 31, 2008 the Company has not advanced CDO II for any interest shortfalls in its capacity as advancing agent.
Repurchase Agreement
In August 2007 and as subsequently amended in September 2007, March 2008, September 2008 and December 2008, the Company and a wholly owned subsidiary, respectively, entered into a repurchase agreement with a subsidiary of JPMorgan Chase & Co. (the “JPMorgan Facility”). This repurchase agreement provides financing to be secured by rated and unrated CMBS. The December 2008 amendment modified certain financial covenants applicable to the Company under the JPMorgan Facility and extended the term of the facility to December 22, 2009. The Company also agreed to make payments of $2.8 million in December 2008, $2.0 million in February 2009, and monthly amortization payments of $0.8 million commencing in March 2009 through the maturity of the JPMorgan Facility, with the remaining outstanding balance on the facility due and payable on December 22, 2009.
19
JER INVESTORS TRUST INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS—(Continued)
(Amounts in thousands, except for share and per share data and as otherwise noted)
This repurchase agreement is fully recourse to the Company. As of September 30, 2009, $8.9 million was outstanding under the facility at a weighted average borrowing rate of 2.9%, and CMBS investments with an estimated fair value of $13.5 million were pledged as collateral. The JPMorgan Facility has covenants related to (i) minimum tangible net worth, (ii) maximum leverage, (iii) minimum liquidity and (iv) incurrence of additional recourse debt, among other covenants. The JPMorgan Facility also has a material adverse change clause in which JPMorgan can demand immediate repayment of our debt if they deem a material adverse change to have occurred.
As of September 30, 2009, the Company was not in compliance with the minimum tangible net worth covenant on the JPMorgan repurchase agreement. In addition, the repurchase agreement facility matures on December 22, 2009 and at this time, the Company believes it is unlikely the facility will be extended or renewed at maturity. As a result, the Company is currently seeking a replacement source of financing, or if unable to refinance, will need to liquidate the CMBS collateral that is security for the facility.
Junior Subordinated Debentures and Notes
In April 2007, the Company issued $60.0 million of TRUPs through its unconsolidated subsidiary, JERIT TS Statutory Trust I (“the Trust”), in a private transaction exempt from registration under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended. Concurrently, the Company issued $61.9 million in junior subordinated debentures to the Trust and made a $1.9 million common equity investment in the Trust. The TRUPs had a 30-year term ending April 2037, were redeemable at par on or after April 30, 2012 and paid distributions at a fixed rate of 7.2%, excluding amortization of fees and expenses, for the first five years ending April 2012, and, thereafter, at a floating rate of three month LIBOR plus 225 basis points, excluding amortization of fees and expenses. The assets of the Trust consisted solely of the $61.9 million of junior subordinated debentures concurrently issued by us, with terms that mirror the TRUPs. The Company incurred $1.0 million of debt issuance costs, which were deferred and are amortized on an effective yield basis over the life of the TRUPs. Unamortized debt issuance costs of $0.9 million and $1.0 million, respectively, are included as a component of deferred financing fees on the consolidated balance sheet at September 30, 2009 and December 31, 2008, respectively.
On May 29, 2009, the Company entered into (i) an agreement with two holders of outstanding TRUPs of the Company with an aggregate liquidation amount of $56.3 million to exchange such TRUPs for $70.3 million aggregate principal amount of junior subordinated notes due 2037 (the “Notes”) issued by the Company, (ii) a letter agreement with one such holder, providing for the issuance of 307,203 unregistered shares of the Company’s common stock and certain cash payments to that holder in connection with the exchange described above, (iii) an agreement with the other such holder, providing for certain cash payments to that holder in connection with the exchange described above, (iv) an agreement with a third holder of TRUPs with an aggregate liquidation amount of $3.7 million to exchange such TRUPs for 541,906 unregistered shares of the Company’s common stock and certain cash payments, and (v) a registration rights agreement with those holders receiving shares of the Company’s common stock in the exchanges described above providing for certain piggyback registration rights with respect to such shares.
The Company accounted for the agreement to exchange $56.3 million of TRUPs as a modification and did not recognize a gain for that exchange and accounted for the agreement to exchange the remaining $3.7 million of TRUPs as a termination and did record a gain of $0.5 million and $3.2 million, or $0.09 and $0.62 per diluted common share, for that exchange during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2009. Costs incurred to exchange and cancel the TRUPs were expensed. The Company completed the termination of the remaining $0.6 million of TRUPs on July 30, 2009 with a $0.1 million cash payment and recorded an additional $0.5 million gain during the three months ended September 30, 2009 in connection therewith.
All $60.0 million of TRUPs have been cancelled through September 30, 2009 in conjunction with these exchanges. The agreements also resulted in the Company satisfying the interest payment obligations on the TRUPs due for the April 30, 2009 interest payment date, and, with respect to the remaining TRUPs outstanding, amount due at the July 30, 2009 interest payment date. In total, the Company has made aggregate cash payments of $0.8 million through September 30, 2009 to satisfy its obligations on the TRUPs in connection with the exchanges described above and the satisfaction of interest obligations.
The newly issued Notes will pay interest at a rate of 0.5% annually through April 29, 2012 or such earlier date as the Company elects (the “Modification Period”). If the Modification Period ends earlier than April 29, 2012, the Company will pay interest at a fixed rate of 7.2% annually from such date through April 29, 2012. Thereafter, the Company will pay interest at a variable rate equal to LIBOR plus 2.25% annually. During the Modification Period, the Company will be subject to certain restrictions, including limitations on its ability to pay dividends on shares of its common stock, provided, however, that the Company shall be permitted to pay dividends to the extent necessary to satisfy REIT dividend requirements. The Indenture contains customary events of default, including those relating to nonpayment of principal or interest when due, and defaults based on events of bankruptcy and insolvency.
20
JER INVESTORS TRUST INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS—(Continued)
(Amounts in thousands, except for share and per share data and as otherwise noted)
In connection with the exchange and cancellation agreement, the Company cancelled $1.9 million of common securities of the Trust issued pursuant to the amended and restated trust agreement dated April 9, 2007. As of September 30, 2009, no common securities of the Trust remained outstanding
The Company’s interest in the Trust was accounted for using the equity method and the assets and liabilities were not consolidated into the Company’s financial statements due to the Company’s determination that the Trust was a variable interest entity and that we were not the primary beneficiary of the entity. Interest on the junior subordinated debentures and notes, net of interest income on the Company’s common equity interest in the Trust, is included in interest expense on its consolidated income statements and the junior subordinated debentures and notes are presented as a liability on its consolidated balance sheet.
Note Payable
On March 3, 2009, the Company entered into an agreement with its counterparty to terminate and replace four interest rate swaps which had a $245.1 million ending notional amount and a $21.2 million fair value liability, net of a $17.9 million credit valuation adjustment, as of December 31, 2008, in exchange for a new seven-year fixed rate note payable. Under such agreement, the Company agreed to pay a fixed monthly amount of approximately $0.4 million through February 2017. The Company initially recorded this new agreement, at fair value, as a note payable on the date of the transaction as the new agreement no longer meets the definition of a derivative. The Company did not elect the fair value option for this note payable.
On July 14, 2009 and October 7, 2009, the Company amended the agreement with its counterparty thereby reducing the July, August, September, October and November 2009 monthly payments due under the Agreement from approximately $0.4 million to $75 resulting in an aggregate deferral in payments of approximately $1.5 million during such five month period. In addition, the Amendments, which are effective in July and October 2009, provide that commencing in December 2009, through and including September 2010, the Company’s monthly payments under the Agreement shall be increased from approximately $0.4 million to approximately $0.5 million, thereby providing for the repayment of the deferred amount over the ten month period following November 2009.
General
If the Company defaults in the payment of interest or principal on any debt, breaches any representation or warranty in connection with any borrowing or violates any covenant in any loan document, lenders may accelerate the maturity of such debt, requiring the Company to immediately repay all outstanding principal. If the Company is unable to make such payments, our lender could force us to sell our securities or foreclose on our assets pledged as collateral to such lender. The lender could also force the Company into bankruptcy or bring other legal action against the Company. Any of these events would likely have a material adverse effect on the value of an investment in the Company’s common stock. At September 30, 2009, the Company was in compliance with all covenants under its CDO notes payable with the exception of certain CDO II over-collateralization coverage tests, its repurchase agreements with the exception of certain minimum tangible net worth covenants, its junior subordinated debentures, junior subordinated notes, and its note payable.
9. FAIR VALUE OF FINANCIAL INSTRUMENTS
The Company presents certain of its financial instruments at estimated fair value in the accompanying consolidated financial statements by applying the fair value principles discussed in Note 5. The following table presents the carrying value and estimated fair value of the Company’s remaining financial assets and liabilities as of September 30, 2009 and December 31, 2008:
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | September 30, 2009 | | December 31, 2008 |
| Carrying Value | | Estimated Fair Value | | Carrying Value | | Estimated Fair Value |
Cash and cash equivalents | | $ | 1,095 | | $ | 1,095 | | $ | 8,357 | | $ | 8,357 |
Restricted cash | | | 4,844 | | | 4,844 | | | 1,149 | | | 1,149 |
Investments in unconsolidated joint ventures | | | 374 | | | 374 | | | 843 | | | 843 |
Repurchase agreements | | | 8,858 | | | 8,858 | | | 16,108 | | | 16,108 |
Junior subordinated debentures and notes | | | 58,669 | | | 500 | | | 61,860 | | | 15,000 |
Notes payable | | | 9,849 | | | 7,000 | | | 500 | | | 500 |
21
JER INVESTORS TRUST INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS—(Continued)
(Amounts in thousands, except for share and per share data and as otherwise noted)
10. DERIVATIVE FINANCIAL INSTRUMENTS
The following table presents the Company’s pay-fixed interest rate swaps as of September 30, 2009 and December 31, 2008, respectively. All swaps are recorded as liabilities in interest rate swap agreements related to CDOs, at fair value, on the consolidated balance sheets as of September 30, 2009 and December 31, 2008.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Trade Date | | Effective Date | | Termination Date | | Initial Notional Balance | | Notional Balance at | | Ending Notional Balance | | Fair Value at | | | Pay-Fixed Interest Rate | | | Asset/ Liability at Semptember 30, 2009 | | Location on the Balance Sheet at September 30, 2009 |
| | | | September 30, 2009 | | December 31, 2008 | | | September 30, 2009(3) | | | December 31, 2008 | | | | |
October 2005 | | November 2005(1) | | June 2015 | | $ | 109,977 | | $ | 109,977 | | $ | 109,977 | | $ | 5,697 | | $ | (12,831 | ) | | $ | (17,545 | ) | | 4.9 | % | | Liability | | Interest rate swap agreements related to CDOs, at fair value |
September 2006 | | October 2006(2) | | August 2016 | | | 386,324 | | | 303,126 | | | 303,126 | | | 219,929 | | | (33,837 | ) | | | (49,551 | ) | | 5.1 | % | | Liability | | Interest rate swap agreements related to CDOs, at fair value |
September 2006 | | October 2009(2) | | August 2016 (6) | | | — | | | — | | | — | | | — | | | — | | | | (3,536 | ) | | 5.2 | % | | n/a | | n/a |
February 2007 | | October 2007(2) | | October 2014(6) | | | — | | | — | | | 83,198 | | | — | | | — | | | | (7,490 | ) | | 5.1 | % | | n/a | | n/a |
January 2007 | | November 2007 | | December 2016(4)(6) | | | 100,000 | | | — | | | 40,000 | | | — | | | — | | | | (6,209 | ) | | 5.3 | % | | n/a | | n/a |
February 2007 | | November 2007 | | February 2017(5) | | | 26,000 | | | — | | | 19,500 | | | — | | | — | | | | (3,714 | ) | | 5.1 | % | | n/a | | n/a |
March 2007 | | November 2007 | | January 2017(6) | | | 40,000 | | | — | | | 40,000 | | | — | | | — | | | | (3,939 | ) | | 5.0 | % | | n/a | | n/a |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | $ | 662,301 | | $ | 413,103 | | $ | 595,801 | | $ | 225,626 | | $ | (46,668 | ) | | $ | (91,984 | ) | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
(1) | Swap related to our CDO I financing and is reflected at fair value with the change in value subsequent to December 31, 2007 recorded in other gains (losses) on the consolidated statement of operations due to our election to account for this swap using the FVO effective January 1, 2008. |
(2) | Swaps related to our CDO II financing and is reflected at fair value with the change in value subsequent to December 31, 2007 recorded in other gains (losses) on the consolidated statement of operations due to our election to account for these swaps using the FVO effective January 1, 2008. |
(3) | The settlement amount of our interest rate swap liabilities was $(46.7) million as of September 30, 2009. This liability is partially offset by a $36 credit valuation adjustment as of September 30, 2009 due to the requirement to incorporate a credit valuation allowance for our and our counterparty’s credit rating to arrive at fair value. |
(4) | In connection with the sale of a real estate loan in September 2008 and repayment of the related floating rate financing, we partially terminated $60.0 million of notional balance on a swap with an initial notional balance of $100.0 million and paid swap termination costs of $4.0 million. |
(5) | In December 2008, in connection with the transfer of real estate loans classified as held for sale and repayment of the related floating rate financing, we partially terminated $6.5 million of notional balance on a swap with an initial notional balance of $26.0 million and paid swap termination costs of $1.5 million. The counterparty terminated the remaining $19.5 million of this swap on February 23, 2009 and we paid the counterparty $3.3 million in connection with this termination. |
(6) | On February 27, 2009, we agreed to terminate these interest rate swaps and replace them with a new seven-year fixed rate-for-fixed rate swap agreement which we reflected as a note payable on our consolidated balance sheets. On July 14, 2009 and October 7, 2009, we agreed to reduce the July, August, September, October and November 2009 monthly payments due under the agreement from $0.4 million to $75 and resulting in an aggregate deferral in payments of $1.5 million during such five month period. In addition, the amendment provides that commencing in December 2009, through and including September 2010, our monthly payments under the agreement shall be increased from $0.4 million to $0.5 million, thereby providing for the repayment of the deferred payment amounts over the ten month period following November 2009. |
22
JER INVESTORS TRUST INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS—(Continued)
(Amounts in thousands, except for share and per share data and as otherwise noted)
The following table is a summary of gains (losses) related to the Company’s interest rate swap agreements as of September 30, 2009:
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | Notional Balance at September 30, 2009 | | Amount of Gain (Loss) for the Three Months Ended September | | | Amount of Gain (Loss) for the Nine Months Ended September | | Amount of Gain (Loss) from Changes in Fair Value Recognized in Other Comprehensive Income (Loss) at September 30, 2009 | | Amount of Gain (Loss) from Changes in Fair Value Reclassified from Other Comprehensive Income (Loss) for the Three Months Ended September 30, 2009 | | Amount of Gain (Loss) from Changes in Fair Value Reclassified from Other Comprehensive Income (Loss) for the Nine Months Ended September 30, 2009 | | Location of Gain (Loss) on Consolidated Statement of Operations | | Derivatives at September 30, 2009 Designated as Hedging Instrument? |
CDO I | | $ | 109,977 | | $ | (2,951 | ) | | $ | 580 | | $ | — | | $ | — | | $ | — | | Other gains (losses) | | No |
CDO II | | | 303,126 | | | (7,874 | ) | | | 4,035 | | | — | | | — | | | — | | Other gains (losses) | | No |
Terminated | | | — | | | (153 | ) | | | 23,259 | | | — | | | — | | | — | | Other gains (losses) | | n/a |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | $ | 413,103 | | $ | (10,978 | ) | | $ | 27,874 | | $ | — | | $ | — | | $ | — | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
23
JER INVESTORS TRUST INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS—(Continued)
(Amounts in thousands, except for share and per share data and as otherwise noted)
The Company’s derivative financial instruments contain credit risk to the extent that its bank counterparties may be unable to meet the terms of the agreement. The Company minimizes such risk by limiting its counterparties to major financial institutions with acceptable credit ratings. All counterparties currently have Standard and Poor’s equivalent credit ratings ranging from A to A+. Additionally, the potential risk of loss due to counterparty credit risk is monitored.
Risk Management Objectives of Using Derivatives
The Company is exposed to certain risk arising from both its business operations and economic conditions. The Company principally manages its exposures to a wide variety of business and operational risks through management of its core business activities. The Company manages economic risks, including interest rate, liquidity, and credit risk primarily by managing the amount, sources, and duration of its debt funding and the use of derivative financial instruments. Specifically, the Company enters into derivative financial instruments to manage exposures that arise from business activities that result in the receipt or payment of future known and uncertain cash amounts, the amount of which are determined by interest rates. The Company’s derivative financial instruments are used to manage differences in the amount, timing, and duration of the Company’s known or expected cash receipts and its known or expected cash payments, principally related to the Company’s investments and borrowings. The Company’s objectives in using interest rate derivatives are to add stability to interest income/expense and to limit its cash flow exposure to interest rate movements. To accomplish this objective, the Company primarily uses interest rate swaps as part of its interest rate risk management strategy. Interest rate swaps designated as cash flow hedges involve the receipt of variable-rate amounts from a counterparty in exchange for the Company making fixed-rate payments over the life of the agreements without exchange of the underlying notional amount. As of September 30, 2009, the Company does not have contingent features on its existing interest rate swaps agreements.
Interest Rate Swap Activity in Accumulated Other Comprehensive (Income) Loss
As of September 30, 2009, the following amounts were included in accumulated other comprehensive (income) loss:
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | Net Balance at December 31, 2008 | | | Amortization for the Nine Months Ended September 30, 2009(1) | | | Net Balance at September 30, 2009 | | | Estimated Amount to Be Amortized Over the Next 12 Months | |
Swap termination gain related to CDO I | | $ | 417 | | | $ | (40 | ) | | $ | 377 | | | $ | (56 | ) |
Swap termination loss related to CDO II | | | (4,924 | ) | | | 442 | | | | (4,482 | ) | | | 621 | |
Unrealized loss on CDO related swaps at December 31, 2007 related to SFAS No. 159 adoption | | | (19,410 | ) | | | 1,806 | | | | (17,604 | ) | | | 2,504 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | $ | (23,917 | ) | | $ | 2,208 | | | $ | (21,709 | ) | | $ | 3,069 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
(1) | Amortizations of swap termination gains (losses) and amortization of unrealized loss on CDO related swaps is included as a component of loss on interest rate swaps on the consolidated statement of operations. |
11. DIFFERENCES BETWEEN GAAP NET INCOME (LOSS) AND TAXABLE INCOME
The differences between GAAP net income (loss) and taxable income are generally attributable to differing treatment, including timing related thereto, of unrealized/realized gains and losses associated with certain assets, the bases, income, impairment, and/or credit loss recognition related to certain assets, primarily CMBS, accounting for derivative instruments, accounting for lease income on net leased real estate assets, investments in unconsolidated joint ventures and amortization of various costs. The distinction between GAAP net income and taxable income is important to the Company’s stockholders because dividends or distributions, if any, are declared and paid on the basis of annual estimates of taxable income or loss. The Company generally does not pay Federal income taxes on taxable income that it distributes on a current basis, provided that it satisfies the requirements for qualification as a REIT pursuant to the Internal Revenue Code. The Company calculates its taxable income or loss as if it were a regular domestic corporation. This taxable income or loss level determines the amount of dividends, if any, the Company is required to distribute over time in order to reduce or eliminate its tax liability pursuant to REIT requirements.
Income on CMBS investments is computed for GAAP purposes based upon a yield, which assumes credit losses will occur. The yield to compute the Company’s taxable income does not assume there would be credit losses, as a loss can generally only be deducted for tax purposes when it is reasonably assured. Furthermore, due diligence expenses incurred related to the acquisition of CMBS and loan investments not originated are required to be expensed as incurred for GAAP purposes but are included as a component of the cost basis of
24
the asset and amortized for tax purposes. CMBS impairment charges also create GAAP to tax differences as such charges are generally not deductible for tax purposes. In addition, due to electing the FVO for the Company’s CDO related financial assets and liabilities, the financial assets and liabilities are carried at fair value for GAAP purposes with the change in fair value reflected in the Company’s consolidated statement of operations as other gains (losses). Primarily as a result of these differences, the net difference between the GAAP net loss and estimated taxable net loss was approximately $20.6 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2009, with the taxable loss being greater than the GAAP net loss. As of September 30, 2009 and December 31, 2008, the estimated tax basis of the Company’s assets exceeded its GAAP basis by approximately $1.1 billion and $933 million, respectively.
12. COMMON STOCK
On February 13, 2009, the Board of Directors approved the declaration of a 1-for-10 reverse stock split effective February 20, 2009. All share and per share amounts have been restated to reflect the impact of this 1-for-10 reverse stock split.
During the nine months ended September 30, 2009, in connection with the exchange and cancellation of its TRUPs, the Company issued 849,109 shares of unregistered common stock.
13. RELATED PARTY TRANSACTIONS
Fee Arrangements.See the Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2008, filed March 31, 2009, for a description of our related party fees and transactions. For the three and nine months ended September 30, 2009 and 2008, the Company incurred the following related party fees.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | For the Three Months Ended September 30, | | For the Nine Months Ended September 30, | | Amounts Unpaid as of | | Location on |
| | 2009 | | 2008 | | 2009 | | 2008 | | September 30, 2009 | | December 31, 2008 | | Balance Sheet | | Statement of Operations |
Expenses | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Base management fees(1) | | $ | 989 | | $ | 1,844 | | $ | 3,160 | | $ | 5,545 | | $ | 1,605 | | $ | 577 | | Due to affiliate | | Management fees, affiliate |
Incentive fees | | | — | | | — | | | — | | | — | | | — | | | — | | Due to affiliate | | Management fees, affiliate |
Overhead reimbursement | | | 129 | | | 129 | | | 386 | | | 386 | | | 33 | | | 87 | | Due to affiliate | | General and administrative |
| | | | | | | | |
CDO II collateral administration fees | | | 208 | | | 374 | | | 690 | | | 1,123 | | | 13 | | | 25 | | Due to affiliate | | General and administrative |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Total expenses | | $ | 1,326 | | $ | 2,347 | | $ | 4,236 | | $ | 7,054 | | $ | 1,651 | | $ | 689 | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | |
Revenues | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
US Debt Fund management fee | | $ | 262 | | $ | 114 | | $ | 756 | | $ | 293 | | $ | 275 | | $ | 145 | | Due from affiliate | | Fee income |
Joint venture management fee | | | — | | | 37 | | | — | | | 110 | | | — | | | 12 | | Due from affiliate | | Fee income |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Total revenues | | $ | 262 | | $ | 151 | | $ | 756 | | $ | 403 | | $ | 275 | | $ | 157 | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
(1) | On July 20, 2009 and October 7, 2009, the Company and its Manager entered into an amendment to the management agreement whereby the Company agreed, effective as of April 1, 2009, that during the months of April, May, June, July, August, September, October and November, 2009, (i) it shall not be required to make any payments of base management fees and/or incentive fees otherwise due and payable under the Management Agreement in excess of $75 per month and (ii) any Fees accruing and otherwise payable under the Management Agreement in excess of $75 per month shall be deferred and due and payable by it to the Manager on such date after November 2009 as the Company and the Manager shall mutually agree in writing. |
Real Estate Loan Investments:The following table presents a summary of loans which the Company has invested where an affiliate of the Manager held a controlling equity interest in the borrower.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | At Investment | | Principal Repayments Received During the Nine Months Ended September 30, 2009 | | Balance as of September 30, 2009 | | Balance as of December 31, 2008 |
Year of Investment | | Type of Loan(s) | | Unpaid Principal Balance | | Cost Basis | | | Unpaid Principal Balance | | Amortized Cost | | Fair Value | | Unpaid Principal Balance | | Amortized Cost | | Fair Value |
2007 | | Mezzanine loans | | $ | 50,000 | | $ | 49,375 | | $— | | $ | 37,092 | | $ | 36,854 | | $ | 5,916 | | $ | 37,092 | | $ | 36,854 | | $ | 22,302 |
2006 | | Mezzanine loans | | | 65,000 | | | 65,000 | | 264 | | | 44,213 | | | 44,213 | | | 20,263 | | | 44,477 | | | 44,477 | | | 30,671 |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | Total | | $ | 115,000 | | $ | 114,375 | | $264 | | $ | 81,305 | | $ | 81,067 | | $ | 26,179 | | $ | 81,569 | | $ | 81,331 | | $ | 52,973 |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Special Servicing: Each CMBS securitization requires that a special servicer be appointed by the purchaser controlling the most subordinated non-investment grade class of securities. Because the Manager does not have special servicer status, it appoints J.E. Robert Company or another entity that has special servicer status, as the special servicer whenever the Company acquires a controlling interest in the most subordinated non-investment grade class of a CMBS securitization. J.E. Robert Company earned $2.0 million and $0.9 million in fees as special servicer during the three months ended September 30, 2009 and 2008, respectively, and $4.6 million and $3.4 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2009 and 2008, respectively, as a special servicer on the CMBS issuances where the Company owns the first-loss position. J.E. Robert Company is also entitled to receive additional fees in the future based on the collections received against
25
JER INVESTORS TRUST INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS—(Continued)
(Amounts in thousands, except for share and per share data and as otherwise noted)
loans that were managed in special servicing and subsequently returned to the master servicer. All fees due to J.E. Robert Company as special servicer are paid either by the applicable securitization vehicles or the borrower and not directly by the Company and such fees are consistent with traditional, well established market standards and are set as part of the arms-length negotiations to acquire such CMBS bonds from the issuer. However, because the Company generally owns the first loss position in these same CMBS issuances, payment of special servicing fees to J.E. Robert Company may reduce the amounts available to pay the Company pursuant to the terms of the applicable CMBS trusts.
14. SUBSEQUENT EVENTS
Subsequent events have been evaluated through November 9, 2009, the date of issuance for these consolidated statements and notes thereto.
On October 7, 2009, the Company amended the agreement with its note payable counterparty to reduce the October and November 2009 monthly payments due under the agreement from approximately $0.4 million to $75. In addition, the amendment, which is effective in October 2009, provides that commencing in December 2009, through and including September 2010, the Company’s monthly payments under the Agreement shall be increased from approximately $0.4 million to approximately $0.5 million, thereby providing for the repayment of the cumulative deferred amount over the ten month period following November 2009.
On October 14, 2009, the Company and its Manager entered into an amendment to the management agreement whereby the Company agreed, effective as of October 7, 2009, to extend the amendment entered into during July 2009 so that during the months of October and November, 2009, (i) it shall not be required to make any payments of base management fees and/or incentive fees otherwise due and payable under the Management Agreement in excess of $75 per month and (ii) any Fees accruing and otherwise payable under the Management Agreement in excess of $75 per month shall be deferred and due and payable by it to the Manager on such date after November 2009 as the Company and the Manager shall mutually agree in writing.
ITEM 2. | MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS |
The following should be read in conjunction with the consolidated financial statements and notes included herein. Amounts are presented in thousands except for share and per share data and as otherwise noted.
General
JER Investors Trust Inc. is a specialty finance company organized by J.E. Robert Company primarily to invest in real estate debt securities and loans and fee interests in net leased real estate assets. We were formed in April 2004 and we completed our initial public offering in July 2005. We are externally managed and advised by JER Commercial Debt Advisors LLC (our “manager”), an affiliate of J.E. Robert Company. J.E. Robert Company and its affiliates is a real estate investment management firm. We capitalize on the knowledge and substantial resources of J.E. Robert Company and our affiliates attempt to take advantage of commercial real estate structured finance products. We invest primarily in loans and debt securities that we believe will yield high risk-adjusted returns. Our target investments include commercial real estate structured finance products such as commercial mortgage backed securities (commonly known as CMBS), mezzanine loans and B-Note participations in mortgage loans, as well as whole commercial mortgage loans, loans to real estate companies, preferred equity, and net leased real estate. Although we have not to date, we may also invest in single-family residential mortgages and related securities. We pursue a selective investment strategy, targeting specific transactions based on an analysis of debt structure and taking into account the underlying real estate and borrower credit risk. We are organized and conduct our operations in a manner intended to qualify as a real estate investment trust, or REIT, for federal income tax purposes.
J.E. Robert Company was founded in 1981 to provide expertise to public and private financial institutions in resolving real estate loan workout situations. Since our founding, the firm has been active in numerous facets of the commercial real estate debt markets, including sourcing, due diligence, valuation, acquisition, asset management and disposition. J.E. Robert Company primarily conducts our real estate investment management activities on a global basis through a series of private equity funds, which we refer to as the JER Funds.
We are organized and conduct our operations to qualify as a REIT for Federal income tax purposes. As a REIT, among other restrictions and limitations, we will generally not be subject to Federal income tax on that portion of our income that is distributed to stockholders if we distribute at least 90% of our REIT taxable income to our stockholders by the due date of our federal income tax return and comply with various other requirements.
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Trends
Beginning in the second half of 2007, severe credit and liquidity issues in the subprime residential lending and single family housing sectors negatively impacted the asset-backed and corporate fixed income markets, as well as the equity securities of financial institutions, homebuilders and real estate companies. As the severity of residential sector issues increased, nearly all securities markets experienced decreased liquidity and greater risk premiums as concerns about the outlook for the U.S. and world economies increased. As the U.S. economy has slowed, we have experienced greater delinquencies and worsening credit performance from the assets underlying our CMBS and real estate loan portfolios. These concerns continue and risk premiums in many capital markets remain at or near all-time highs with liquidity extremely low compared to historical standards or virtually non-existent. As a result, many commercial real estate finance and financial services industry participants, including us, have reduced or eliminated new investment activity until the capital markets become more stable, the macroeconomic outlook becomes clearer and market liquidity increases. In this environment, we are focused on actively managing credit risk and maintaining liquidity to the extent possible. However, current market conditions as well as our current liquidity condition, make this extremely difficult and challenging.
More recently, due primarily to the impact of the US Treasury programs, specifically the Public-Private Investment Program (“PPIP”) and Term Asset-Backed Securities Loan Facility (“TALF”), AAA CMBS credit spreads have tightened. However, given that our CMBS portfolio is generally not highly rated, and therefore not eligible for these programs, we have not seen valuations or availability of financing improve for our CMBS investments.
Going Concern:In our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2008 filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”) on March 31, 2009, we disclosed that there was substantial doubt regarding our ability to continue as a going concern. In response, we have undertaken certain efforts including; (i) discontinuing payment of quarterly dividends and replacing such quarterly dividends with payment of an annual dividend to the extent required to satisfy REIT dividend requirements, (ii) seeking to reduce operating costs, primarily our general and administrative costs; (iii) seeking to restructure terms of our recourse indebtedness including extension of scheduled maturity dates and/or modification of near-term interest payment requirements; and (iv) if necessary, pursuing sales of selected assets.
At this time, we expect that we will not generate taxable income in 2009, and therefore will not be required to pay a dividend for the year ended December 31, 2009.
As of September 30, 2009, we were not in compliance with the tangible net worth covenants on the JPMorgan repurchase agreement. In addition, the repurchase agreement facility matures on December 22, 2009 and at this time, we believe it is unlikely the facility will be extended or renewed at maturity. As a result, we are currently seeking a replacement source of financing, or if unable to refinance, will need to liquidate the CMBS collateral that is security for the facility.
No assurance can be given that we will be successful in achieving any of these efforts collectively or individually. Should our repurchase agreement lender demand immediate repayment of all of our obligations, we will likely be unable to pay such obligations absent asset sales. In such event, we may have to recapitalize, refinance our obligations, sell some or all of our assets at prices below current estimated fair value or seek to liquidate or reorganize under Chapter 7 or Chapter 11, respectively, of the United States Bankruptcy Code.
During 2009, we exchanged $56.3 million of our TRUPs into junior subordinated notes and cancelled $3.7 million of TRUPs thereby, reducing quarterly cash interest payments from approximately $1.1 million per quarter on the TRUPs to approximately $0.1 million per quarter on the junior subordinated notes through April 2012. In addition, we amended our note payable to reduce monthly payments from approximately $0.4 million to $75 from July through November 2009, and amended its agreement with the Manager to reduce cash basis monthly base management fees to approximately $75 from April to November 2009. However, our primary source of free operating cash flow are our non-CDO CMBS investments. Cash flow from these investments have declined from approximately $4.0 million in the second quarter of 2009 to approximately $3.7 million in the third quarter of 2009 due to deteriorating macroeconomic and commercial real estate conditions evidenced by increasing delinquencies, special servicing activity and appraisal reductions on collateral for such investments. In addition, cash flow from our retained preferred shares in CDO I declined from $0.4 million during the three months ended June 30, 2009 to $0 during the three months ended September 30, 2009 due primarily to certain CMBS bond downgrades on CDO I collateral. This decline in non-CDO CMBS and CDO I cash flow has further adversely affected our liquidity.
Credit Market, Spreads and Valuation:Beginning in the second half of 2007, the credit markets experienced a severe dislocation, with significant spread widening on virtually all credit and structured finance products. This has caused a de-leveraging throughout the financial services sector as a whole and, in particular, the commercial real estate market. The spread widening has a direct inverse relationship with valuations of our investments so as spreads increase, values decline. The impact has been greater on the longer-term fixed rate assets as the duration of these assets is longer than shorter term floating rate assets. An example of this spread widening is evidenced by trends in the CMBS market.
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Since the second half of 2007, there has been a significant widening of credit spreads in both the subordinate CMBS market which includes bonds rated BB+ through NR classes, and in the investment grade tranches of BBB- and above. In 2008 and 2009, new issue CMBS volume has been a small fraction of the amount of issuance in 2006 and 2007. Credit spreads on recent secondary market trades, which have also been very limited, for typical BBB- CMBS bonds, are estimated to exceed 5,600 basis points at September 30, 2009 compared to approximately 5,000 basis points as of December 31, 2008 and approximately 900 basis points as of December 31, 2007. Additionally, we have seen significant widening of credit spreads on real estate loans, including B-Notes, mezzanine loans and whole mortgage loans as performance of real estate collateral underlying such loans has deteriorated.
This credit market dislocation has had a substantial effect on market participants. These disruptions have led to, among other things, a significant decline in the fair value of many mortgage related investment securities, as well as a significant contraction in short-term and long-term funding sources. As a result, many investment vehicles indicate difficulty valuing certain of their holdings and/or obtaining sustainable long-term sources of capital to adequately finance their businesses.
Since December 31, 2008, we have seen a significant increase in CMBS 60-day and greater delinquencies and CMBS loan collateral entering our CMBS special servicing portfolio. The 60-day and greater delinquencies on loan collateral underlying our CMBS “first-loss” investments was 319 basis points at September 30, 2009 compared to 83 basis points at December 31, 2008. The CMBS special servicing portfolio balance was $713.5 million, $3.4 billion and $3.8 billion at December 31, 2008, September 30, 2009 and November 4, 2009, respectively. Due to the continued tightening of credit, declining real estate values, worsening macro-economic environment, in conjunction with the significant increase in our CMBS special servicing portfolio, we increased our loan loss projections associated with the real estate loan collateral underlying our “first-loss” CMBS portfolio, which represented approximately 3,500 loans with an unpaid principal balance of approximately $47 billion at September 30, 2009. As of September 30, 2009, we increased projected future loan losses to approximately $1.7 billion from $1.4 billion at June 30, 2009 and $964.1 million at December 31, 2008. In addition, we accelerated the projected timing of these losses, with most of the loss increase projected to occur in 2010. This increase in loss projections results in lower projected future cash flows from our “first-loss” CMBS investments, and, in part, caused us to recognize CMBS impairment charges of $2.7 million and $24.7 million, respectively, during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2009. Such loss reserves may be increased in the future in the event that collateral performance and macroeconomic conditions further deteriorate.
CMBS and Other Debt Issuance:Virtually no US CMBS transactions have been priced during 2009. This compares to total US CMBS issuances during the first nine months of 2008 and 2007 of approximately $12 billion and $197 billion, respectively. This decrease is a direct result of the dramatic slowdown in the pace of lending by CMBS originators. We do not anticipate any significant new issue CMBS securitization activity in the near future.
The slow down in originations has also resulted in a substantial reduction of new opportunities in the mezzanine, B-note mortgage loan, bridge loan, preferred equity and non-investment grade CMBS markets. As originations at traditional high leverage lenders and the volume of real estate transactions generally have each continued to decline, new investment opportunities in this sector have been reduced accordingly. We believe market supply will not increase significantly until stability in the real estate lending market returns.
Competition:Recently, as a result of volatile market conditions, we have seen competitors leave the market and other competitors enter the market. In the short to medium term, we expect market participants to be impacted by continued market volatility. Over the long-term, we expect to face increased competition for our targeted investments. However, over the long-term, we believe borrowers need a full range of financing options to make acquisitions, particularly on larger assets where substantial equity commitments are required.
During the first half of 2009, and in particular during the second quarter of 2009, many peers of our manager have filed registration statements on Form S-11 to raise capital to form new commercial mortgage REITs, some of which may compete against us in the future. There can be no assurances as to how many of these entities will be successful in raising capital nor how these entities may compete against us in the future.
Financing Environment:Primarily as a result of spread widening, we and other market participants have experienced significant margin call activity on our repurchase agreement facilities during 2008 and 2007 based upon fair market value determinations of the underlying collateral. Concurrent with decreases in value, the availability of short to medium-term financing has become extremely limited. This reduction in availability of financing has been compounded by the elimination of several key lenders in the market through the much publicized mergers, bankruptcies, conservertorships and liquidations in the financial services sector.
From a long-term debt perspective, the ability to leverage our assets or potential assets through offerings of commercial real estate debt obligations (“CRE CDO”) is effectively non-existent. The current state of the CMBS and CRE CDO markets has had a negative impact on our leveraged returns and our ability to successfully match-fund liabilities associated with our investments.
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Issuances of Common Stock
On December 16, 2008, we declared a dividend of $8.80 for the three months ended December 31, 2008 to be paid on January 30, 2009. Pursuant to the applicable prospectus supplement, shareholders had the option of electing either cash or stock with total cash payments by us not to exceed $2.3 million. As a result of shareholder elections, we paid shareholders $2.3 million and issued 23,978,905 shares of common stock on January 30, 2009. On February 13, 2009, we declared a 1-for-10 reverse stock split which was effective February 20, 2009. As of December 31, 2008, we had a total of 2,590,104 shares of common stock issued and outstanding adjusted for the affect of the February 2009 reverse stock split, and as of March 31, 2009 there were 4,987,994 shares of common stock issued and outstanding adjusted for both the stock dividend and reverse stock split.
On March 26, 2009, we received written notice from the NYSE that we were not in compliance with the NYSE’s continued listing standards applicable to us requiring that we maintain a 30-day trailing average global equity market capitalization of at least $15.0 million (this standard has temporarily been lowered from $25.0 million through June 30, 2009). The NYSE permanently suspended trading of our common stock prior to the market open on April 1, 2009. As of April 1, 2009, the trading of our common stock occurred on the over-the-counter, or OTC, market, under the symbol JERT.OB.
During the nine months ended September 30, 2009, in connection with the exchange and cancellation of our TRUPs, we issued 849,109 shares of unregistered common stock.
Critical Accounting Policies
Our most critical accounting policies relate to investment consolidation, revenue recognition, securities valuation and impairment, derivative accounting and income taxes. Each of these items involves estimates that require management to make judgments that are subjective in nature. We rely on J.E. Robert Company and its affiliates’ experience and analysis of historical and current market data in order to arrive at what we believe to be reasonable estimates. Under different conditions, we could report materially different amounts using these critical accounting policies.
Going Concern:A fundamental principle of the preparation of financial statements in accordance with GAAP is the assumption that an entity will continue in existence as a going concern, which contemplates continuity of operations and the realization of assets and settlement of liabilities occurring in the ordinary course of business. This principle is applicable to all entities except for entities in liquidation or entities for which liquidation appears imminent. In accordance with this requirement, our policy is to prepare our consolidated financial statements on a going concern basis unless we intend to liquidate our assets or have no other alternative but to liquidate our assets. As a result of the current level of available cash, the redirection of cash flow from CDO II, declines in cash flow from our non-CDO CMBS investments, and from our retained preferred shares in CDO I, the December 2009 maturity of our JPMorgan repurchase agreement facility, and unfunded capital commitments related to our investment in the US Debt Fund, there is substantial doubt about our ability to continue as a going concern. While we have prepared our consolidated financial statements on a going concern basis, if we are unable to successfully extend the maturity date of our repurchase agreement borrowings, reduce operating expenses, sell assets or receive additional funding, our ability to continue as a going concern may be impacted. Therefore, we may not be able to realize our assets and settle our liabilities in the ordinary course of business. Our consolidated financial statements included in this Form 10-Q do not reflect any adjustments that might specifically result from the outcome of this uncertainty.
Variable Interest Entities
An entity is considered a variable interest entity (“VIE”) and subject to consolidation if the investors either do not have sufficient equity at risk for the entity to finance its activities without additional subordinated financial support, are unable to direct the entity’s activities, or are not exposed to the entity’s losses or entitled to its residual returns. Variable interest entities within the scope of the accounting guidance are required to be consolidated by their primary beneficiary. The primary beneficiary of a variable interest entity is determined to be the party that absorbs a majority of the entity’s expected losses, its expected returns, or both.
Our ownership of the subordinated classes of CMBS from a single issuer gives it the right to control the foreclosure/workout process on the underlying loans (“Controlling Class CMBS”). ASC 810-10 has certain scope exceptions, one of which provides that an enterprise that holds a variable interest in a qualifying special-purpose entity (“QSPE”) does not consolidate that entity unless that enterprise has the unilateral ability to cause the entity to liquidate. To maintain the QSPE exception, the trust must continue to meet the QSPE criteria both initially and in subsequent periods. A trust’s QSPE status can be impacted in future periods by activities of its transferor(s) or other involved parties, including the manner in which certain servicing activities are performed. To the extent its CMBS investments were issued by a trust that meets the requirements to be considered a QSPE, the Company records the investments at the purchase price paid. To the extent the underlying trusts are not QSPEs, we follow the relevant guidance as the trusts would be considered VIEs.
We have analyzed the governing pooling and servicing agreements for each of its Controlling Class CMBS and believes that the terms are industry standard and are consistent with the QSPE criteria. However, there is uncertainty with respect to QSPE treatment due to ongoing review by accounting standard setters, potential actions by various parties involved with the QSPE, as discussed above, as well as varying and evolving interpretations of the QSPE criteria under SFAS No. 140. In June 2009, the FASB issued SFAS No. 166,Accounting for Transfers of Financial Assets, an amendment of FASB Statement No. 140. This statement removes the concept of a qualifying special purpose entity (SPE) from SFAS No. 140 and eliminates the exception for qualifying SPEs from the consolidation guidance of FIN No. 46(R). We will adopt SFAS No. 166 on January 1, 2010 and is currently evaluating the impact on its consolidated financial statements, however, it currently believes that the presentation of its consolidated financial statements may prospectively change significantly upon adoption.
The total original face amount of CMBS issuances for which we invested was $62.0 billion, of which we had a total original face amount of investment of $1.9 billion. As of September 30, 2009 and December 31, 2008, our investment had a face amount of $1.7 billion and $1.8 billion, respectively, and an amortized cost of $89.1 million and $220.7 million. Our maximum carrying value exposure to loss as a result of its investment in these securities totaled $89.1 million and $220.7 million as of September 30, 2009 and December 31, 2008, respectively. However, we have reduced its maximum economic loss exposure through the use of non-recourse financing vehicles for these investments financed by CDOs.
The financing structures that we offer to our borrowers on certain of its loans involve the creation of entities that could be deemed VIEs. Management has evaluated these entities and has concluded that none of them are VIEs that are subject to consolidation.
In November 2005 and October 2006, we issued two CDOs through wholly owned subsidiaries as more fully discussed in Note 8. We have accounted for these transactions as financings, and the anticipated variability of each CDOs results are absorbed by the Company as the holder of the non-investment grade notes. We concluded that consolidation of both CDOs is required as a consequence of this exposure.
In December 2007, we entered in an agreement to invest up to $10.0 million into a fund, defined as the JER US Debt Co-Investment Vehicle, L.P. (the “US Debt Fund”) established to buy loans secured, directly or indirectly, by commercial real estate, including B-Notes, mezzanine loans and whole mortgage loans, and also in preferred equity, CMBS and CMBS-related products such as CMBX. Excluded investments for the US Debt Fund include non-performing loans, fee-simple ownership interests in real estate, single family residential mortgages and related securities (sub-prime, conforming, jumbo or Alt-A), whole loans originated directly by us or an affiliate of our Manager and net leased real estate assets. Although the US Debt Fund is not a VIE, we determined that these entities should not be consolidated given the rights afforded to the other partners in those entities. Accordingly, the US Debt Fund investment is accounted for using the equity method of accounting and is reflected in investment in unconsolidated joint ventures on the consolidated balance sheets.
Fair Value Measurements.The use of fair value to measure many of our financial assets and liabilities, with certain changes in fair value reported in the consolidated statement of operations and/or shareholders equity, is one of our most critical accounting policies. Specifically, we carry our CMBS, real estate loans, interest rate swap agreements, CDO notes payable and other notes payable at fair value on either a recurring or non-recurring basis with unrealized fair value changes reported either in earnings or accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) depending on the nature of the asset or liability and its related accounting treatment. In determining the appropriate fair value measurement for each of our assets and liabilities, we apply the appropriate accounting guidance which defines fair value as the price that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability (i.e., the “exit price”) in an orderly transaction between market participants.
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We utilize a fair value hierarchy which prioritizes the inputs into valuation techniques used to measure fair value. The hierarchy prioritizes observable data from active markets, placing measurements using those inputs in Level 1 of the fair value hierarchy, and gives the lowest priority to unobservable inputs and classifies these as Level 3 measurements. The three levels of the fair value hierarchy are described below:
| • | | Level 1—Valuations based on unadjusted quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities that the reporting entity has the ability to access at the measurement date; |
| • | | Level 2—Valuations based on quoted prices in markets that are not active or for which all significant inputs are observable either directly or indirectly; |
| • | | Level 3—Valuations based on inputs that are unobservable and significant to the overall fair value measurement. |
A financial instrument’s level within the fair value hierarchy is based on the lowest level of any input that is significant to the fair value measurement.
Fair value is a market-based measure considered from the perspective of a market participant who holds the asset or owes the liability rather than an entity-specific measurement. Therefore, even when market assumptions are not readily available, management’s own assumptions are set to reflect those that market participants would use in pricing the asset or liability at the measurement date.
It is our policy to maximize the use of observable market based inputs to value our financial instruments carried at fair value on a recurring basis or to determine whether an adjustment to fair value is needed for assets carried at fair value on a non-recurring basis. All of our financial instruments carried at fair value, whether on a recurring or non-recurring basis, are valued using internal assumptions or non-binding indicative dealer quotes which are recently based on very limited observable trading activity and are therefore classified as Level 3 within the hierarchy. All of our assets and liabilities, except our interest rate swaps agreements, are carried at fair value and have been designated as Level 3, in part, due to the lack of observable market data. In considering whether observable market data existed, we considered whether the markets for our assets and liabilities were illiquid. In general, we consider a market to be illiquid primarily due to the significant decrease or nonexistence of new issue CMBS securitizations and limited secondary market trading activity in CMBS bonds rated BBB- or lower.
The estimations of fair values reflect our best judgments regarding the appropriate valuation methods and assumptions that market participants would use in determining fair value. The selection of a method to estimate fair value for each type of financial instrument depends on the reliability and availability of relevant market data. The amount of judgment involved in estimating the fair value of a financial instrument is affected by a number of factors, such as the type of instrument, the liquidity of the markets for the instrument and the contractual characteristics of the instrument. Judgments in these cases include, but are not limited to:
| • | | Selection of third-party market data sources; |
| • | | Evaluation of the expected reliability of the estimate; and, |
| • | | Selection of proxy instruments, as necessary. |
For financial instruments that are actively traded in the marketplace or whose values are based on readily available market value data and therefore fall within either Level 1 or Level 2 within the hierarchy, little, if any, subjectivity is applied when determining the instrument’s fair value. Whether a financial instrument is classified as Level 1 or Level 2 will depend largely on its similarity with other financial instruments in the marketplace and our ability to obtain corroborative data regarding whether the market in which the financial instrument trades is active. We did not classify any assets or liabilities as Level 1 and classified our interest rate swap agreements as Level 2 as of September 30, 2009. We classified our interest rate swaps as Level 2 liabilities due to the significant trading activity in this market and the insignificance of the credit valuation adjustment relative to the September 30, 2009 fair value of our interest rate swaps.
When observable market prices and data do not exist, significant management judgment is necessary to estimate fair value. In those cases, small changes in assumptions could result in significant changes in valuation. The financial instruments we hold that require the most complex judgments and assumptions relate to our CMBS investments, real estate loans and CDO notes payable all of which are classified as Level 3, and the fair value measurement process for each category of financial instrument is detailed below.
| • | | CMBS investments are carried at fair value on a recurring basis—The fair value of CMBS investments is determined primarily by our internal valuation models which we compare to non-binding dealer quotes. In our internal valuation models, management employs a discounted cash flow model approach which utilizes prepayment and loss assumptions based upon historical experience, economic factors and forecasts and the characteristics of the underlying cash flows. We determine the applicable discount rates based on current credit |
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| spreads as reflected in information provided by issuers of the securities, comparable deals purchased or traded in the marketplace, if available, the CMBX indices and other derivative trading markets, rates of return required by other real estate debt and equity investment vehicles and market interest rates. The discount rates employed also consider the vintage and credit ratings of the bonds being valued. We have classified all CMBS investments as Level 3 assets as there are limited observable transactions related to these investments in the current market. As of September 30, 2009, we have valued our CMBS investments as follows: |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | September 30, 2009 ($ in thousands) |
Security Description | | Face Amount | | Amortized Cost | | Gross Unrealized | | Estimated Fair Value | | Weighted Average |
| | | Gains | | Losses | | | Coupon | | | Yield (4) | | | Term (yrs) |
CMBS not financed by CDOs(1)(3) | | $ | 424,815 | | $ | 13,118 | | $ | 694 | | $ | — | | $ | 13,812 | | 5.2 | % | | 55.9 | % | | 5.9 |
CMBS financed by CDO I(2) | | | 418,748 | | | 39,616 | | | 8,414 | | | — | | | 48,030 | | 4.9 | % | | 40.4 | % | | 7.5 |
CMBS financed by CDO II(2) | | | 873,931 | | | 36,403 | | | 4,384 | | | — | | | 40,787 | | 5.2 | % | | 50.2 | % | | 7.5 |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | $ | 1,717,494 | | $ | 89,137 | | $ | 13,492 | | $ | — | | $ | 102,629 | | 5.1 | % | | 46.2 | % | | 7.3 |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
(1) | Fair values of CMBS not financed by CDOs are accounted for as available for sale securities and thereby subject to potential other than temporary impairment charges. As a result of recording impairments during the nine months ended September 30, 2009 and the twelve months ended December 31, 2008, the amortized costs of these CMBS securities have been written down to their estimated fair value at September 30, 2009 and December 31, 2008, respectively. Subsequent to September 30, 2009, unrealized gains/losses, if any, that are not impairments will be included in other comprehensive income (loss). |
(2) | Fair values of CMBS financed by CDOs are accounted for using the fair value election as of January 1, 2008 and are not subject to other than temporary impairment charges as changes in fair value are recorded as a component of other gains (losses) in the consolidated statement of operations. During the nine months ended September 30, 2009 and the twelve months ended December 31, 2008, the Company recorded $98.3 million and $606.8 million, respectively, of reductions in the amortized cost basis of CMBS assets financed by CDOs. |
(3) | For the CMBS investments financed via repurchase agreements which had a fair value of $13.5 million and $40.2 million, respectively, at September 30, 2009 and December 31, 2008, total borrowings outstanding were $8.9 million and $16.1 million, respectively. |
(4) | Yield is based on amortized cost. |
The table below shows the impact on the fair value of our CMBS investments of increasing or decreasing the September 30, 2009 weighted average discount rate on our combined portfolio cash flows from approximately 40.3% by the indicated amounts. These results are different than what would be achieved on a bond by bond calculation but provide general information on valuation sensitivities.
| | | | | | | |
Basis Point (Decrease) Increase in Discount Rate | | Estimated Increase (Decrease) in Fair Value of CMBS ($ in thousands) | | | Estimated Relative Increase (Decrease) in Fair Value of CMBS | |
(1,000) | | $ | 34,473 | | | 33.6 | % |
(500) | | | 14,915 | | | 14.5 | % |
500 | | | (11,637 | ) | | -11.3 | % |
1,000 | | | (20,908 | ) | | -20.4 | % |
If we were to increase our September 30, 2009 CMBS loss assumptions by 25% to 50% from our current base case loss estimates and keep the timing of the losses and the discount rate consistent with current estimates, the fair value of our CMBS investments would decrease by $33.9 million and $56.8 million, or (33.1)% and (55.4)%, respectively, from $102.6 million.
We do not believe sensitivities surrounding our prepayment assumption are material as the majority of the loans that serve as collateral for our CMBS investments do not provide for prepayment. Accordingly, we believe any changes to the prepayment assumptions would be immaterial to the estimated value.
We consider the following factors when determining other than temporary impairment for a security: (i) the length of time and the extent to which the market value has been less than the amortized cost, (ii) the underlying fundamentals of the relevant market, including indicators of credit deterioration, and the outlook for such market for the near future, and (iii) our intent and ability to hold the security for a period of time sufficient to allow for any anticipated recovery in market value. In accordance with the applicable impairment literature, when the fair value of an available for sale security is less than its amortized cost for an extended period, we consider whether there is an other than temporary impairment in the value of the security. In the future, if our liquidity needs change, it may impact our ability and intent to hold certain investments.
• | | Real estate loans—We use discounted cash flow models employing discount rates that are based on management’s best estimate of market participant assumptions either to validate the quotes or estimated value in situations where lender |
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| quotes are not received. Projected real estate loan cash flows incorporate management estimates of nonrecoverable principal and interest as well as loan maturity date extensions in certain situations. We also consider non-binding indicative quotes from the lenders on repurchase agreements that are used as an input to the fair value of our real estate loans to the extent that such values are generally consistent with other market participant inputs received. We have classified all real estate loans as Level 3 assets as there are limited observable transactions related to these types of investments in the current market. As of September 30, 2009, we have valued our real estate loan investments as follows: |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | As of September 30, 2009 ($ in thousands) |
Description | | Unpaid Principal Balance | | Amortized Cost | | Carrying Value | | Unrealized Gain/(Loss) | | | Weighted Average Effective Interest Rate Based on Amortized Cost | | | Range of Maturity Dates (2) |
Real estate loans, held for investment (1) | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
First mortgage loan participations | | $ | 43,639 | | $ | 43,639 | | $ | 25,384 | | $ | (18,254 | ) | | 3.8 | % | | February 2010 -February 2011 |
Mezzanine loans | | | 226,648 | | | 226,383 | | | 93,333 | | | (133,050 | ) | | 3.2 | % | | June 2010 - November 2010 |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | $ | 270,287 | | $ | 270,022 | | $ | 118,717 | | $ | (151,304 | ) | | 3.3 | % | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
(1) | Carrying value based on fair value. See Note 4 for further details on determination of fair value of real estate loans. |
(2) | Loans have extension options which could extend maturity dates to November 2010 to June 2012. |
The table below shows the impact on the fair value of our real estate loan investments of increasing or decreasing the September 30, 2009 weighted average discount rate on our combined portfolio level cash flows from approximately 26.4% by the indicated amounts. These results are different than what would be achieved on a loan by loan calculation but provide general information on valuation sensitivities.
| | | | | | | |
Basis Point (Decrease) Increase in Discount Rate | | Estimated Increase (Decrease) in Fair Value of Real Estate Loans Held for Investment ($ in thousands) | | | Estimated Relative Increase (Decrease) in Fair Value of Real Estate Loans Held For Investment | |
(500) | | $ | 15,083 | | | 12.7 | % |
(250) | | | 7,257 | | | 6.1 | % |
250 | | | (6,736 | ) | | -5.7 | % |
500 | | | (12,994 | ) | | -10.9 | % |
• | | Interest rate swap agreements—The fair value of our interest rate swap agreements is determined using market observable inputs such as a market based yield curve and other factors determined by management, such as the credit valuation adjustment related to our credit risk and the counterparty credit risk. We classify all interest rate swap agreements as Level 2 assets or liabilities due to the significant trading activity in this market and the insignificance of the credit valuation adjustment relative to the September 30, 2009 fair value of our interest rate swaps. The table below shows the components of the fair value of our interest rate swap agreements as of September 30, 2009 (in thousands). |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Entity | | Notional Balance at September 30, 2009 | | Clean Price | | | Credit Valuation Adjustment | | | Fair Value | |
| | | | |
CDO I | | $ | 109,977 | | $ | (12,778 | ) | | $ | (53 | ) | | $ | (12,831 | ) |
CDO II | | | 303,126 | | | (33,926 | ) | | | 89 | | | | (33,837 | ) |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | $ | 413,103 | | $ | (46,704 | ) | | $ | 36 | | | $ | (46,668 | ) |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
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• | | CDO notes payable—The fair value of the CDO notes payable are determined primarily by our internal valuation models, which we compare with non-binding indicative quotes from third party broker/dealers familiar with the securities. We classify all CDO notes payable as Level 3 liabilities, as there are limited observable transactions related to these notes payable. As of September 30, 2009, we have valued our CDO I and CDO II notes payable liabilities as follows: |
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Bond Class | | Outstanding Notes Payable at September 30, 2009 | | Fair Value of Notes Payable at September 30, 2009 | | Weighted Average Interest Rate at September 30, 2009 | | | Weighted Average Life of Notes (years) |
CDO I(1) | | $ | 265,383 | | $ | 33,881 | | 3.60 | % | | 8.4 |
CDO II(2) | | | 693,898 | | | 83,651 | | 1.20 | % | | 5.0 |
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Total | | $ | 959,281 | | $ | 117,532 | | 1.90 | % | | 5.9 |
| | | | | | | | | | | |
(1) | Represents current balance of $118.4 million of floating rate notes and $147.0 million of fixed rate notes with weighted average interest rates of 0.6% and 6.0%, respectively. |
(2) | Represents current balance of $645.2 million of floating rate notes and $48.7 million of fixed rate notes with weighted average interest rates of 0.9% and 5.8%, respectively. |
The tables below show the impact on the fair value of our CDO I and CDO II notes payable of increasing or decreasing the September 30, 2009 weighted average discount rate on our combined CDO level cash flows from approximately 34.9% and 54.6% for CDO I and CDO II, respectively, by the indicated amounts. These results are different than what would be achieved on a note by note calculation but provide general information on valuation sensitivities.
| | | | | | | |
CDO I | |
Basis Point (Decrease) Increase in Discount Rate | | Estimated Increase (Decrease) in Fair Value of CDO I Notes Payable ($ in thousands) | | | Estimated Relative Increase (Decrease) in Fair Value of CDO I Notes Payable | |
(500) | | $ | 7,409 | | | 21.9 | % |
(250) | | | 3,408 | | | 10.1 | % |
250 | | | (2,920 | ) | | -8.6 | % |
500 | | | (5,438 | ) | | -16.0 | % |
|
CDO II | |
Basis Point (Decrease) Increase in Discount Rate | | Estimated Increase (Decrease) in Fair Value of CDO II Notes Payable ($ in thousands) | | | Estimated Relative Increase (Decrease) in Fair Value of CDO II Notes Payable | |
(500) | | $ | 9,833 | | | 11.8 | % |
(250) | | | 4,725 | | | 5.6 | % |
250 | | | (4,379 | ) | | -5.2 | % |
500 | | | (8,445 | ) | | -10.1 | % |
Because of the inherent uncertainty of determining the fair value of assets and liabilities carried at fair value where there is no readily ascertainable market value, the fair values of the assets and liabilities may differ significantly from the values that would have been used had a ready market existed for the instruments, and the differences could be material.
New Accounting Standards. In June 2009, the FASB issued SFAS No. 166,Accounting for Transfers of Financial Assets, an amendment of FASB Statement No. 140. This SFAS (i) removes the concept of a qualifying special purpose entity (SPE) from SFAS No. 140 and eliminates the exception for qualifying SPEs from the consolidation guidance of FIN No. 46(R), (ii) amends and clarifies the unit of account eligible for sale accounting as an entire financial asset, group of assets
33
or a participating interest in an entire financial asset, (iii) requires that a transferor recognize and initially measure at fair value all assets obtained and liabilities incurred as a result of a transfer of an entire financial asset or group of assets accounted for as a sale. SFAS No. 166 is effective as of the beginning of each reporting entity’s first annual reporting period that begins after November 15, 2009, for interim periods within that first annual reporting period and for interim and annual reporting periods thereafter with earlier adoption prohibited. We will adopt SFAS No. 166 on January 1, 2010 and are currently evaluating the impact on our consolidated financial statements, however, we currently believe that the presentation of our consolidated financial statements may prospectively change significantly upon adoption.
In June 2009, the FASB issued Statement No. 167,Amendments to FASB Interpretation No. 46(R)(Statement 167), which (i) addresses the effects of eliminating the qualifying special-purpose entity (QSPE) concept from FASB Statement No. 140,Accounting for Transfers and Servicing of Financial Assets and Extinguishments of Liabilities(Statement 140), and (ii) responds to concerns about the application of certain key provisions of FASB Interpretation No. 46(R),Consolidation of Variable Interest Entities(FIN 46(R)), including concerns over the transparency of enterprises’ involvement with variable interest entities (VIEs). This SFAS (i) requires a qualitative rather than a quantitative analysis to determine the primary beneficiary of a VIE, (b) amends FIN 46(R)’s consideration of related party relationships in the determination of the primary beneficiary of a VIE by providing, among other things, an exception with respect to de facto agency relationships in certain circumstances, (c) amends certain guidance in FIN 46(R) for determining whether an entity is a VIE, which may change an enterprise’s assessment of which entities with which it is involved are VIEs, (d) requires continuous assessments of whether an enterprise is the primary beneficiary of a VIE and (e) requires enhanced disclosures about an enterprise’s involvement with a VIE. SFAS No. 167 is effective as of the beginning of an enterprise’s first annual reporting period that begins after November 15, 2009, for interim periods within that first annual reporting period and for interim and annual reporting periods thereafter, with earlier application prohibited. We will adopt SFAS No. 167 on January 1, 2010 and are currently evaluating the impact on our consolidated financial statements, however, we currently believe that the presentation of our consolidated financial statements may prospectively change significantly upon adoption.
In June 2009, the FASB issued Statement No. 168,The FASB Accounting Codification and the Hierarchy of Generally Accepted Accounting Principles, a replacement of FASB Statement No. 162,or SFAS No. 168. SFAS No. 168 establishes the FASB Accounting Standards Codification, or the Codification, as the source of authoritative accounting principles recognized by the FASB to be applied by nongovernmental entities in the preparation of financial statements in conformity with GAAP, and states that all guidance contained in the Codification carries equal level of authority. Rules and interpretive releases of the SEC under federal securities laws are also sources of authoritative GAAP for SEC registrants. The Codification does not change GAAP, however it does change the way in which it is to be researched and referenced. SFAS No. 168 is effective for financial statements issued for interim and annual periods ending after September 15, 2009. We do not expect the adoption of SFAS No. 168 to have a material impact on our consolidated financial statements.
Balance Sheet Review
As of September 30, 2009, total assets were approximately $234.2 million, a decrease of $200.6 million, or 46.1%, from December 31, 2008. The decline in total assets was primarily due to declines in fair value of our CMBS and real estate loan investments primarily due to continued credit spread widening and increased loss assumptions. Income earning assets decreased by $195.3 million, or 46.2%, from $423.0 million at December 31, 2008. At September 30, 2009, income earning assets, including cash, had a weighted average yield of 18.1%, based on their amortized cost, compared to 17.8% at December 31, 2008. The decline in the cost basis and increase in yields on our CMBS investments from December 31, 2008 to September 30, 2009 is due primarily to value declines during the nine months ended September 30, 2009 that were considered impairments, which reduced the cost basis by $123.0 million and increased CMBS weighted average yields from 35.6% at December 31, 2008 to 46.2% at September 30, 2009.
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The level of investment related income is directly related to the balance of the interest-bearing assets and investments in unconsolidated subsidiaries outstanding during the period and the weighted average yields on such investments. The cost basis of interest-bearing assets and investments in unconsolidated joint ventures and weighted average yields (based on amortized cost basis) at September 30, 2009 and December 31, 2008, respectively, were as follows:
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | September 30, 2009 | | | December 31, 2008 | |
| Fair Value | | Amortized Cost | | Yield (1) | | | Fair Value | | Amortized Cost | | Yield | |
CMBS financed by CDO I | | $ | 48,030 | | $ | 39,616 | | 40.4 | % | | $ | 76,886 | | $ | 76,886 | | 30.6 | % |
CMBS financed by CDO II | | | 40,787 | | | 36,403 | | 50.2 | % | | | 103,324 | | | 102,271 | | 36.9 | % |
CMBS not financed by CDOs | | | 13,812 | | | 13,118 | | 55.9 | % | | | 42,432 | | | 41,590 | | 43.3 | % |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Total CMBS | | | 102,629 | | | 89,137 | | 46.2 | % | | | 222,642 | | | 220,747 | | 35.6 | % |
Real estate loans financed by CDO II | | | 118,717 | | | 270,022 | | 3.3 | % | | | 189,980 | | | 273,724 | | 4.0 | % |
Investments in unconsolidated joint ventures | | | 374 | | | 374 | | N/A | | | | 843 | | | 843 | | N/A | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Total | | $ | 221,720 | | $ | 359,533 | | 13.9 | % | | $ | 413,465 | | $ | 495,314 | | 18.1 | % |
| | | | | | | �� | | | | | | | | | | | |
(1) | After effect of recording unrealized losses and other than temporary impairment charges on CMBS investments as further discussed below. |
During the nine months ended September 30, 2009, we made no CMBS or real estate loan investments.
At September 30, 2009, we held investments in CMBS issued by 25 separate CMBS trusts and one Re-Remic issuance with an aggregate estimated fair value of $102.6 million. The amortized cost basis of our investments in CMBS was $89.1 million with a weighted average yield of 46.2%. At September 30, 2009, the weighted average expected life of our CMBS investments was 7.3 years. The weighted average yield on our CMBS assets increased as of September 30, 2009 compared to December 31, 2008 primarily as a result of recording impairments during 2009.
At September 30, 2009, we had nine real estate loans financed by our CDO II, which were classified as held for investment with an amortized cost basis of $270.0 million, a carrying value of $118.7 million and all of which bear interest at floating rates with a weighted average interest rate of LIBOR plus 3.3%.
At September 30, 2009, total liabilities were $246.7 million, a decrease of $141.7 million, or 36.5%, from December 31, 2008. The decrease in total liabilities was primarily driven by the declines in the fair value of our CDO notes payable and principal repayments, which reduced the carrying amount of such notes payable by $94.2 million from $211.7 million at December 31, 2008 to $117.5 million at September 30, 2009. We also terminated or restructured five interest rate swap positions, decreasing our swap liability by $24.9 million, net of entering into a note payable associated with restructuring four of these swaps, and reduced liability on our CDO-related interest rate swaps of $36.9 million due to changes in fair value driven primarily by increased 10-year swap rates. Further, we reduced the borrowings on repurchase agreements by 7.3 million due to amortization payments to JPMorgan, and dividends payable declined by $2.3 million compared to December 31, 2008 levels. At September 30, 2009, we had interest-bearing liabilities excluding interest rate swaps with a carrying value of $251.5 million, a cost basis of approximately $1.0 billion with a weighted average borrowing rate of 1.8% based on cost basis.
At September 30, 2009, we were party to one repurchase agreement where borrowing capacity is limited to assets pledged as collateral for such agreement based on the underlying characteristics of such assets. Based on pledged assets, we had no additional borrowing capacity at September 30, 2009. At September 30, 2009, we had $8.9 million outstanding under this agreement with a weighted average borrowing rate of 2.9%.
At September 30, 2009, we had CDO notes payable outstanding from two separate issuances. Our CDOs are financing vehicles for our assets and, as such, are consolidated on our balance sheet with CDO notes payable at fair value of $117.5 million and a cost basis of $959.3 million, representing the amortized sales price of the CDO notes payable sold to third parties. The weighted average interest rate of the CDO notes payable, including the amortization of debt issuance costs, was 1.9% at September 30, 2009. Of the $959.3 million of face amount of CDO notes payable outstanding, $763.6 million were floating rate with a weighted average interest rate of LIBOR plus 59 basis points while $195.7 million were fixed rate with a weighted average interest rate of 6.0%.
At September 30, 2009 we had $70.3 million of face amount of junior subordinated notes outstanding with a cost basis of $58.7 million related to the exchange of $56.3 million of TRUPs. The junior subordinated notes pay interest at a rate of 0.5% annually through April 29, 2012 or such earlier date as we elect (the “Modification Period”). If the Modification Period ends earlier than April 29, 2012, we will pay interest at a fixed rate of 7.2% annually from such date through April 29, 2012. Thereafter, we will pay interest at a variable rate equal to LIBOR plus 2.25% annually. At September 30, 2009 there were no junior subordinated debentures outstanding subsequent to the final exchange and cancellation that occurred in July 2009.
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At September 30, 2009, we were party to two interest rate swaps with a total current notional amount of $413.1 million. These interest rate swaps effectively convert floating rate debt to fixed rate debt. Under these swaps, we receive amounts based on a rate equal to one-month LIBOR and pay amounts based on a weighted average fixed rate of 5.0%. The net fair value of the interest rate swaps at September 30, 2009 was a liability of $(46.7) million, net of a credit valuation adjustment of $36, and is presented as interest rate swap agreements, at fair value, on the consolidated balance sheets.
On March 3, 2009, we entered into a new agreement with our counterparty to terminate and replace four interest rate swaps which had a $245.1 million ending notional amount and a $21.2 million fair value liability as of December 31, 2008, net of $17.9 million of credit valuation adjustments, in exchange for a new seven-year fixed rate-for-fixed rate interest rate swap agreement. Under such agreement, we were to pay a fixed monthly amount of approximately $0.4 million through February 2017. On July 14, 2009 and October 7, 2009, we amended the agreement with our counterparty thereby reducing the July, August, September, October and November 2009 monthly payments due under the agreement from approximately $0.4 million to $75 and resulting in an aggregate deferral in payments of approximately $1.5 million during such five month period. In addition, the amendments, which are effective in July and October 2009, provide that commencing in December 2009, through and including September 2010, our monthly payments under the agreement shall be increased from approximately $0.4 million to approximately $0.5 million, thereby providing for the repayment of the deferred amount over the ten month period following November 2009. We have reflected this agreement as a note payable on our consolidated balance sheets as this agreement does not meet the definition of a derivative instrument.
At September 30, 2009, total stockholders’ equity was $(12.5) million, a decrease of $58.8 million from December 31, 2008. The decrease in stockholders’ equity was primarily due to the net loss of $61.3 million in the nine months ended September 30, 2009.
Results of Operations
Comparison of the three months ended September 30, 2009 (Amounts in millions except per share data. All per share amounts have been restated to reflect the impact of our 1-for-10 reverse stock split effected February 20, 2009.)
Net loss was $34.2 million, or $(5.88) per diluted share, during the three months ended September 30, 2009 compared to net loss of $34.9 million, or $(13.53) per diluted share, during the three months ended September 30, 2008.
Revenues
The following table sets forth information regarding the total amount and composition of our revenues, which are primarily interest income earned from our investments and cash positions (in thousands):
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | For the Three Months Ended September 30, | | | Increase (decrease) | |
| 2009 | | | 2008 | | |
REVENUES | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Interest income from CMBS | | $ | 11,354 | | | $ | 21,767 | | | $ | (10,413 | ) |
Interest income from real estate loans | | | 2,292 | | | | 6,187 | | | | (3,895 | ) |
Interest income from cash and cash equivalents | | | 2 | | | | 187 | | | | (185 | ) |
Equity in (losses) earnings, net, of unconsolidated joint ventures | | | (335 | ) | | | (429 | ) | | | 94 | |
Fee income | | | 262 | | | | 151 | | | | 111 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
Total Revenues | | $ | 13,575 | | | $ | 27,863 | | | $ | (14,288 | ) |
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
The decrease in revenues for the three months ended September 30, 2009, compared to the same period in 2008, is primarily due to (i) reduced income from CMBS investments due to reduced cost basis due to impairment charges, offset, in part by higher yields on CMBS investments and (ii) reduced income from real estate loans due to the sale or repayment of certain loans, as well as lower LIBOR rates on our floating rate loans. During the three months ended September 30, 2009, $11.3 million was earned on fixed rate investments, while the remaining $2.3 million was earned on floating rate investments, compared to $23.1 million and $4.7 million for the same period in 2008, respectively. We classify income from floating rate investments as that which is tied to a published index, e.g. LIBOR. At September 30, 2009, our floating rate investments included a cost basis of $270.2 million in real estate loans, $1.1 million in cash and cash equivalents and $4.8 million in restricted cash primarily related to the remaining CDO II loan replenishment pool balance.
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Expenses
The following table sets forth information regarding the amount and composition of our expenses (in thousands):
| | | | | | | | | | |
| | For the Three Months Ended September 30, | | Increase (decrease) | |
| | 2009 | | 2008 | |
Interest expense | | $ | 6,343 | | $ | 12,437 | | $ | (6,094 | ) |
Management fees, affiliate | | | 989 | | | 1,844 | | | (855 | ) |
General and administrative | | | 1,677 | | | 1,610 | | | 67 | |
| | | | | | | | | | |
Total Expenses | | $ | 9,009 | | $ | 15,891 | | $ | (6,882 | ) |
| | | | | | | | | | |
Interest Expense. Interest expense was $6.3 million and $12.4 million for the three months ended September 30, 2009 and 2008, respectively. The following table sets forth information regarding the total composition amount of interest expense, which is primarily interest expense related to our CDO notes payable, repurchase agreements, junior subordinated debentures, junior subordinated notes and note payable (in thousands):
| | | | | | | | | | |
| | For the Three Months Ended September 30, | | Increase (decrease) | |
| 2009 | | 2008 | |
| | | |
CDO II notes payable | | $ | 1,686 | | $ | 5,455 | | $ | (3,769 | ) |
CDO I notes payable | | | 2,949 | | | 3,636 | | | (687 | ) |
Repurchase agreements | | | 77 | | | 1,174 | | | (1,097 | ) |
Junior subordinated debentures and notes | | | 463 | | | 1,086 | | | (623 | ) |
Note payable | | | 1,150 | | | — | | | 1,150 | |
Amortization of deferred financing fees | | | 18 | | | 1,086 | | | (1,068 | ) |
| | | | | | | | | | |
Total interest expense | | $ | 6,343 | | $ | 12,437 | | $ | (6,094 | ) |
| | | | | | | | | | |
The decrease in interest expense of $6.1 million is primarily related to lower interest expense on our floating rate obligations due to lower LIBOR rates, on average, in 2009 compared to 2008 as well as lower average balances outstanding on repurchase agreements, lower amortization of repurchase agreement extension fees and lower interest expense related to our junior subordinated debentures and notes during 2009 compared to 2008, offset, in part, by higher interest expense related to our note payable issued during the nine months ended September 30, 2009.
Management and Incentive Fees. Base management fees are calculated as a percentage of stockholders’ equity adjusted to exclude the effect of any unrealized gains and losses or other items that do not affect realized net income. Our manager is also entitled to receive quarterly incentive fees equal to 25% of our Funds From Operations (as defined in the management agreement), or FFO, in excess of minimum FFO targets (as defined in the management agreement). We did not meet the minimum FFO target for our manager to earn incentive fees during the three months ended September 30, 2009 and 2008. The following table summarizes our management fees for the three months ended September 30, 2009 and 2008, respectively (in thousands):
| | | | | | | | | | |
| | For the Three Months Ended September 30, | | Increase (decrease) | |
| 2009 | | 2008 | |
Base management fees | | $ | 989 | | $ | 1,844 | | $ | (855 | ) |
Incentive fees | | | — | | | — | | | — | |
| | | | | | | | | | |
Total management fees | | $ | 989 | | $ | 1,844 | | $ | (855 | ) |
| | | | | | | | | | |
The decrease in management fees is primarily due to decreases in base management fees during 2009 due to a lower equity base used to calculated such fees primarily as a result of realized losses on real estate loans, our CMBS portfolio and interest rate swaps during 2008 and 2009. Although we have accrued management fees based on the contractual fee arrangement, we have limited the cash portion of the management fee payable to $75 per month during April to November 2009, as further described inRelated Party Transactions.
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General and Administrative Expense. The increase in general and administrative expenses of $0.1 million for the three months ended September 30, 2009 versus the same period in 2008 was due primarily to lower legal fees, CDO II collateral administration fees, and stock compensation, offset, in part, by higher insurance expense. Included in general and administrative expenses are affiliate expenses related to overhead reimbursements to our manager aggregating $0.1 million for both the three months ended September 30, 2009 and 2008, respectively, pursuant to our management agreement. Additional affiliate expenses of $0.2 million and $0.4 million, respectively, related to collateral administration fees on CDO II were also included in general and administrative expenses for the three months ended September 30, 2009 and 2008.
Other Gains (Losses)
The following table sets forth information regarding the amount and composition of our other gains (losses) during the three months ended September 30, 2009 and 2008 (in thousands):
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | For the Three Months Ended September 30, | | | Increase (decrease) | |
| | 2009 | | | 2008 | | |
Changes in Fair Value | | | | | | | | | | | | |
CDO related financial assets and liabilities | | | | | | | | | | | | |
CMBS | | $ | (54 | ) | | $ | (87,054 | ) | | $ | 87,000 | |
Real estate loans | | | (19,276 | ) | | | (21,082 | ) | | | 1,806 | |
Notes payable | | | (6,144 | ) | | | 103,697 | | | | (109,841 | ) |
Interest rate swaps | | | (5,451 | ) | | | (4,378 | ) | | | (1,073 | ) |
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
Unrealized gain (loss) on CDO related financial assets and liabilities | | | (30,925 | ) | | | (8,817 | ) | | | (22,108 | ) |
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | |
Non-CDO related financial assets and liabilities | | | | | | | | | | | — | |
Loss on CMBS impairment | | | (2,733 | ) | | | (29,800 | ) | | | 27,067 | |
Real estate loans held for sale | | | — | | | | 8,781 | | | | (8,781 | ) |
Interest rate swaps | | | — | | | | 2,685 | | | | (2,685 | ) |
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
Unrealized gain (loss) on non-CDO related financial assets and liabilities | | | (2,733 | ) | | | (18,334 | ) | | | 15,601 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
Total changes in fair value | | | (33,658 | ) | | | (27,151 | ) | | | (6,507 | ) |
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | |
Realized Gains (Losses) | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Loss on sale of real estate loan held for sale | | | — | | | | (11,060 | ) | | | 11,060 | |
Gain on exchange and cancellation of TRUPs | | | 518 | | | | — | | | | 518 | |
Loss on termination of interest rate swaps | | | — | | | | (4,035 | ) | | | 4,035 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
Total realized gains (losses) | | | 518 | | | | (15,095 | ) | | | 15,613 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | |
Cash payments on interest rate swaps | | | (4,919 | ) | | | (3,866 | ) | | | (1,053 | ) |
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | |
Recognition of amounts in other comprehensive income (loss) (“AOCI”) as of December 31, 2007 | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Amortization of swap termination costs | | | (136 | ) | | | (128 | ) | | | (8 | ) |
Amortization of unrealized loss on CDO related interest rate swaps | | | (608 | ) | | | (582 | ) | | | (26 | ) |
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
Total recognition of amounts in AOCI as of December 31, 2007 | | | (744 | ) | | | (710 | ) | | | (34 | ) |
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
Total other gains (losses) | | $ | (38,803 | ) | | $ | (46,822 | ) | | $ | 8,019 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
Unrealized Gain (Loss) on CDO Financial Assets and Liabilities, net.During the three months ended September 30, 2009, we recorded unrealized losses, net, on our CDO related financial assets and liabilities of $30.9 million. This net unrealized loss was primarily driven by declines in the fair value of CMBS due to increased loss assumptions on CMBS, declines in the value of real estate loans primarily related to widening of credit spreads on hospitality related real estate loans, increases in the fair value of our CDO notes payable, and increases in our interest rate swap liability due to lower swap rates at September 30, 2009 compared to June 30, 2009.
Loss on Impairment of Non-CDO Related CMBS. During the three months ended September 30, 2009 and 2008, we recorded other than temporary non-cash impairment charges related to our CMBS investments of $2.7 million and $29.8 million, respectively. The other than temporary impairment charges include $2.7 million and $29.8 million, respectively, related to declines in the projected net present value of future cash flows.
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Unrealized and Realized Gain (Loss) on Loans Held for Sale.We carried real estate loans held for sale on our consolidated balance sheet at the lower of cost or fair value, and as a result, during the three months ended September 30, 2008, we recorded unrealized gains of $8.8 million and realized losses of $11.0 million for the three months ended September 30, 2008. We had no loans held for sale during 2009.
Gain on Exchange and Cancellation of TRUPs. During the three months ended September 30, 2009, we exchanged and cancelled $0.6 million of face amount of our TRUPs for total consideration of $0.1 million, resulting in a gain of $0.5 million.
Unrealized Gain on Non-CDO Interest Rate Swaps. No unrealized gains (losses) on interest rate swaps were recorded during the three months ended September 30, 2009 as there were no non-CDO interest rate swaps outstanding during that period. A gain of $2.7 million was recorded during the three months ended September 30, 2008 primarily due to the reversal of $3.4 million of unrealized losses at June 30, 2008 on an interest rate swap that was partially terminated in July 2008. After adjusting for the impact of the partially terminated interest rate swap, unrealized losses increased by $0.7 million due to lower ten-year swap rates at September 30, 2008 compared to June 30, 2008.
Loss on Termination of Non-CDO Interest Rate Swaps. During the three months ended September 30, 2008, in connection with the sale of a real estate loan and the repayment of related repurchase agreement borrowings, we paid $4.0 million in swap termination costs on an interest rate swap with an initial notional balance of $100.0 million and a subsequent notional balance of $40.0 million.
Cash Payments on Interest Rate Swaps and Amortization of AOCI.For the three months September 30, 2009, we recorded $5.7 million of losses on interest rate swaps primarily related to $4.9 million of periodic cash settlement costs on interest rate swaps, $0.6 million of amortization of swap termination costs and $0.1 million of amortization of the unrealized loss on CDO related interest rate swaps included in other comprehensive income (loss). For the three months ended September 30, 2008, we recorded $4.6 million of losses on interest rate swaps primarily related to $3.9 million of periodic cash settlement costs on interest rate swaps, $0.6 million of amortization of swap termination costs and $0.1 million of amortization of the unrealized loss on CDO related interest rate swaps included in other comprehensive income (loss).
Comparison of the nine months ended September 30, 2009 and 2008 (Amounts in millions except per share data. All per share amounts have been restated to reflect the impact of our 1-for-10 reverse stock split effected February 20, 2009.)
Net loss was $61.3 million, or $(12.04) per diluted share, during the nine months ended September 30, 2009 compared to a net loss of $72.7 million, or $(28.26) per diluted share, during the nine months ended September 30, 2008.
Revenues
The following table sets forth information regarding the total amount and composition of our revenues, which are primarily interest income earned from our investments and cash positions (in thousands):
| | | | | | | | | | | |
| | For the Nine Months Ended September 30, | | Increase (decrease) | |
| 2009 | | | 2008 | |
REVENUES | | | | | | | | | | | |
Interest income from CMBS | | $ | 43,957 | | | $ | 67,939 | | $ | (23,982 | ) |
Interest income from real estate loans | | | 6,961 | | | | 22,520 | | | (15,559 | ) |
Interest income from cash and cash equivalents | | | 18 | | | | 803 | | | (785 | ) |
Equity in (losses) earnings, net, of unconsolidated joint ventures | | | (1,999 | ) | | | 538 | | | (2,537 | ) |
Fee income | | | 914 | | | | 403 | | | 511 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Total Revenues | | $ | 49,851 | | | $ | 92,203 | | $ | (42,352 | ) |
| | | | | | | | | | | |
The decrease in revenues for the nine months ended September 30, 2009, compared to the same period in 2008, is primarily due to (i) reduced income from CMBS investments due to reduced cost basis due to impairment charges, offset, in part by higher yields on CMBS investments, (ii) reduced income from real estate loans due to the sale or repayment of certain loans, as well as lower LIBOR rates on our floating rate loans, (iii) reduced interest income from cash and cash equivalents due to lower cash balances and lower yields, (iv) reduced equity in earnings (losses) of joint ventures due to unrealized losses
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from our interest in a joint venture that incurred unrealized mark-to-market losses on certain investments and the April 2008 sale of our interest in the joint venture that owned net leased real estate assets. During the nine months ended September 30, 2009, $42.9 million was earned on fixed rate investments, while the remaining $7.0 million was earned on floating rate investments, compared to $76.2 million and $16.0 million, respectively, for the same period in 2008. We classify income from floating rate investments as that which is tied to a published index, e.g. LIBOR. At September 30, 2009, our floating rate investments included a cost basis of $270.0 million in real estate loans, $1.1 million in cash and cash equivalents and $4.8 million in restricted cash primarily related to the remaining CDO II loan replenishment pool balance.
Expenses
The following table sets forth information regarding the amount and composition of our expenses (in thousands):
| | | | | | | | | | |
| | For the Nine Months Ended September 30, | | Increase (decrease) | |
| 2009 | | 2008 | |
Interest expense | | $ | 20,420 | | $ | 41,633 | | $ | (21,213 | ) |
Management fees, affiliate | | | 3,160 | | | 5,545 | | | (2,385 | ) |
General and administrative | | | 6,068 | | | 5,528 | | | 540 | |
| | | | | | | | | | |
Total Expenses | | $ | 29,648 | | $ | 52,706 | | $ | (23,058 | ) |
| | | | | | | | | | |
Interest Expense. Interest expense was $20.4 million and $41.6 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2009 and 2008, respectively. The following table sets forth information regarding the total composition and amount of interest expense, which is primarily interest expense related to our CDO notes payable, repurchase agreements, junior subordinated debentures, junior subordinated notes, and note payable (in thousands):
| | | | | | | | | | |
| | For the Nine Months Ended September 30, | | Increase (decrease) | |
| | 2009 | | 2008 | |
| | | |
CDO II notes payable | | $ | 5,473 | | $ | 18,295 | | $ | (12,822 | ) |
CDO I notes payable | | | 8,926 | | | 11,262 | | | (2,336 | ) |
Repurchase agreements | | | 292 | | | 5,962 | | | (5,670 | ) |
Junior subordinated debentures and notes | | | 3,022 | | | 3,258 | | | (236 | ) |
Note payable | | | 2,624 | | | — | | | 2,624 | |
Amortization of deferred financing fees | | | 83 | | | 2,856 | | | (2,773 | ) |
| | | | | | | | | | |
Total interest expense | | $ | 20,420 | | $ | 41,633 | | $ | (21,213 | ) |
| | | | | | | | | | |
The decrease in interest expense of $21.1 million is primarily related to lower interest expense on our floating rate obligations due to reduced LIBOR rates, on average, in 2009 compared to 2008 as well as lower average balances outstanding on repurchase agreements and lower amortization of repurchase agreement extension fees during 2009 compared to 2008, offset, in part, by increased interest expense related to our note payable issued during the nine months ended September 30, 2009.
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Management and Incentive Fees. Base management fees are calculated as a percentage of stockholders’ equity adjusted to exclude the effect of any unrealized gains and losses or other items that do not affect realized net income. Our manager is also entitled to receive quarterly incentive fees equal to 25% of our Funds From Operations (as defined in the management agreement), or FFO, in excess of minimum FFO targets (as defined in the management agreement). We did not meet the minimum FFO target for our manager to earn incentive fees during the nine months ended September 30, 2009 and 2008. The following table summarizes our management fees for the nine months ended September 30, 2009 and 2008, respectively (in thousands):
| | | | | | | | | | |
| | For the Nine Months Ended September 30, | | Increase (decrease) | |
| 2009 | | 2008 | |
Base management fees | | $ | 3,160 | | $ | 5,545 | | $ | (2,385 | ) |
Incentive fees | | | — | | | — | | | — | |
| | | | | | | | | | |
Total management fees | | $ | 3,160 | | $ | 5,545 | | $ | (2,385 | ) |
| | | | | | | | | | |
The decrease in management fees is primarily due to decreases in base management fees during 2009 due to a lower equity base used to calculated such fees primarily as a result of realized losses on real estate loans and our CMBS portfolio and interest rate swaps during 2008 and 2009. Although we have accrued management fees based on the contractual fee arrangement, we have limited the cash portion of the management fee payable to $75 per month during April to November 2009, as further described inRelated Party Transactions.
General and Administrative Expense. The increase in general and administrative expenses of $0.5 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2009 versus the same period in 2008 was due primarily to incurring approximately $1.0 million of costs associated with our failed equity offering during the first quarter of 2009, fees paid on the modification of our TRUPs, and increased insurance expense, offset, in part by lower stock compensation expense, collateral administration fees on CDO II and outside professional services. Included in general and administrative expenses are affiliate expenses related to overhead reimbursements to our manager aggregating $0.4 million for both the nine months ended September 30, 2009 and 2008, respectively, pursuant to our management agreement. Additional affiliate expenses of $0.7 million and $1.1 million, respectively, related to collateral administration fees on CDO II were also included in general and administrative expenses for the nine months ended September 30, 2009 and 2008.
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Other Gains (Losses)
The following table sets forth information regarding the amount and composition of our other gains (losses) during the nine months ended September 30, 2009 and 2008 (in thousands):
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | For the Nine Months Ended September 30, | | | Increase (decrease) | |
| 2009 | | | 2008 | | |
Changes in Fair Value | | | | | | | | | | | | |
CDO related financial assets and liabilities | | | | | | | | | | | | |
CMBS | | $ | (86,508 | ) | | $ | (262,243 | ) | | $ | 175,735 | |
Real estate loans | | | (67,561 | ) | | | (32,846 | ) | | | (34,715 | ) |
Notes payable | | | 78,917 | | | | 377,970 | | | | (299,053 | ) |
Interest rate swaps | | | 31,456 | | | | (2,139 | ) | | | 33,595 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | |
Unrealized gain (loss) on CDO related financial assets and liabilities, net | | | (43,696 | ) | | | 80,742 | | | | (124,438 | ) |
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | |
Non-CDO related financial assets and liabilities | | | | | | | | | | | — | |
Loss on CMBS impairment | | | (24,697 | ) | | | (75,229 | ) | | | 50,532 | |
Real estate loans held for sale | | | — | | | | (20,094 | ) | | | 20,094 | |
Interest rate swaps | | | 13,860 | | | | 6,088 | | | | 7,772 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
Unrealized gain (loss) on non-CDO related financial assets and liabilities, net | | | (10,837 | ) | | | (89,235 | ) | | | 78,398 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
Total changes in fair value | | | (54,533 | ) | | | (8,493 | ) | | | (46,040 | ) |
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | |
Realized Gains (Losses) | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Loss on sale of real estate loan held for sale | | | — | | | | (20,310 | ) | | | 20,310 | |
Gain on exchange and cancellation of TRUPs | | | 3,175 | | | | — | | | | 3,175 | |
Loss on termination of interest rate swaps | | | (12,280 | ) | | | (5,405 | ) | | | (6,875 | ) |
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
Total realized gains (losses) | | | (9,105 | ) | | | (25,715 | ) | | | 16,610 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | |
Cash payments on interest rate swaps | | | (15,636 | ) | | | (10,634 | ) | | | (5,002 | ) |
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | |
Recognition of amounts in other comprehensive income (loss) (“AOCI”) as of December 31, 2007 | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Loss on CMBS impairment | | | — | | | | (54,457 | ) | | | 54,457 | |
Unrealized gain (loss) on non-CDO related interest rate swaps | | | — | | | | (10,796 | ) | | | 10,796 | |
Amortization of swap termination costs | | | (401 | ) | | | (377 | ) | | | (24 | ) |
Amortization of unrealized loss on CDO related interest rate swaps | | | (1,805 | ) | | | (1,725 | ) | | | (80 | ) |
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
Total recognition of amounts in AOCI as of December 31, 2007 | | | (2,206 | ) | | | (67,355 | ) | | | 65,149 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
Total other gains (losses) | | $ | (81,480 | ) | | $ | (112,197 | ) | | $ | 30,717 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
Unrealized Gain (Loss) on CDO Financial Assets and Liabilities, net.During the nine months ended September 30, 2009, we recorded unrealized losses, net, on our CDO related financial assets and liabilities of $43.7 million. This net unrealized loss was primarily driven by widening credit spreads and increased loss assumptions on CMBS, and widening of credit spreads on real estate loans, offset, in part, by widening of credit spreads on CDO notes payable, and decreases in our interest rate swap liability due to increases in swap rates from December 31, 2008 to September 30, 2009.
Loss on Impairment of Non-CDO Related CMBS. During the nine months ended September 30, 2009 and 2008, we recorded other than temporary non-cash impairment charges related to our CMBS investments of $24.7 million and $129.7 million, respectively. The other than temporary impairment charges include $20.9 million and $32.2 million, respectively, during the nine months ended September 30, 2009 and 2008 related to declines in the projected net present value of future cash flows. The remaining non-cash CMBS impairment charges of $3.8 million and $97.5 million relate to other than temporary declines in fair value which is due to the widening of credit spreads for CMBS investments resulting in both increased severity of the level of unrealized losses as well as increased duration of such losses.
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Gain on Exchange and Cancellation of TRUPs. During the nine months ended September 30, 2009, we exchanged and cancelled $3.7 million of face amount of our TRUPs for total consideration of $0.5 million, consisting of cash and stock, resulting in a gain of $3.2 million.
Unrealized and Realized Gain (Loss) on Loans Held for Sale.There were no loans held for sale during 2009. During the nine months ended September 30, 2008, we recorded unrealized losses of $20.1 million on loans held for sale and realized losses of $20.3 million on the sale of two whole mortgage loans.
Unrealized (Loss) Gain on Non-CDO Related Interest Rate Swaps. An unrealized gain of $13.9 million was recorded during the nine months ended September 30, 2009 primarily due to the reversal of previously recognized unrealized losses on interest rate swaps as part of the termination of such swaps during the three months ended March 31, 2009.
During the first quarter of 2008, we determined that four interest rate swaps, aggregating $211.0 million in notional balance, intended to hedge anticipated future and current floating rate financings, were no longer effective as such future long-term financings are not considered probable due to continued market disruptions. As a result, we recorded a charge of $(7.4) million consisting of the write-off of unrealized losses of $10.8 million previously classified as part of accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) as of December 31, 2007 and unrealized gains in the fair value of such swaps of $3.4 million during the nine months ended September 30, 2008. This has been reflected in unrealized gain (loss) on non-CDO interest rate swaps in the consolidated statement of operations.
Loss on Termination of Interest Rate Swaps.During the nine months ended September 30, 2009, we terminated an interest rate swap with a notional balance of $19.5 million by paying $3.3 million in cash. In addition, we entered into a new agreement with our counterparty to terminate and replace four outstanding interest rate swaps, which had a $245.1 million ending notional amount and a $21.4 million fair value liability as of December 31, 2008, in exchange for a new seven-year fixed rate-for-fixed rate agreement with an estimated fair value of $9.0 million. This resulted in a combined loss of $12.3 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2009. During the nine months ended September 30, 2008, in connection with the sale of a real estate loan and the repayment related repurchase agreement borrowings, we paid $5.4 million in swap termination costs on an interest rate swap with an initial notional balance of $145.0 million.
Cash Payments on Interest Rate Swaps and Amortization of AOCI.For the nine months ended September 30, 2009, we recorded $17.8 million of losses on interest rate swaps primarily related to $15.6 million of periodic cash settlement costs on interest rate swaps, $0.4 million of amortization of swap termination costs and $1.8 million of amortization of the unrealized loss on CDO related interest rate swaps included in other comprehensive income (loss). For the nine months ended September 30, 2008, we recorded $12.7 million of losses on interest rate swaps primarily related to $10.6 million of periodic cash settlement costs on interest rate swaps, $0.4 million of amortization of swap termination costs and $1.7 million of amortization of the unrealized loss on CDO related interest rate swaps included in other comprehensive income (loss).
Liquidity and Capital Resources
Liquidity is a measurement of the ability to meet cash requirements, including ongoing commitments to repay borrowings, fund and maintain loans and investments, pay dividends and other general business needs. Our principal sources of liquidity include: 1) cash flow from operations; 2) borrowings under our repurchase and credit facilities; 3) our CDO offerings; 4) other forms of financing or additional securitizations including CMBS or subsequent CDO offerings; 5) proceeds from common or preferred equity offerings and, 6) the proceeds from principal payments on or sales of our investments.
As reflected in our consolidated statements of cash flows for the nine months ended September 30, 2009, net cash provided by operating activities was $22.3 million. During the nine months ended September 30, 2009, we made $1.5 million in capital contributions to the US Debt Fund. In addition, we received $3.7 million from the partial repayment of a real estate loan which is financed by CDO II and pursuant to the CDO II indenture, such repayment is included in restricted cash at September 30, 2009. During this same period, we repaid $7.3 million on our repurchase agreements due to scheduled amortization, paid $2.3 million of dividends, repaid a $0.5 million note payable in full, exchanged and cancelled $60.0 million of face amount of our TRUPs for $0.5 million of cash and other considerations and paid $3.3 million in swap termination costs. In addition, pursuant to the terms of the CDO indentures, $15.2 million of principal was repaid on our CDO notes payable. As a result, unrestricted cash declined from $8.4 million as of December 31, 2008 to $1.1 million as of September 30, 2009.
Historically, our initial borrowings have been short-term, variable rate debt; however, we have financed the majority of our assets on a long-term basis through match-funded CDO strategies. Our CDO strategy is dependent upon our ability to place the match-funded debt we intend to create in the market at attractive borrowing spreads. If spreads for CDO liabilities widen or if demand for such liabilities ceases to exist, then our ability to execute the CDO strategy will be severely restricted. At this time, the CDO market is essentially closed and as a result, extending the term of our short term financing facility is very important to financing certain of our investments.
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Currently, the market for short-term credit facilities is very challenging and many lenders are actively seeking to reduce their balances outstanding by lowering advance rates on financed assets and increased borrowing costs, to the extent such facilities continue to be available. In the event we are unable to maintain or extend maturities of existing and/or secure new lines of credit or collateralized financing on favorable terms, our ability to continue as a going concern may be adversely impacted and returns to investors may be reduced. As a result, we may be required to sell assets at amounts that are less than the estimated current fair value to payoff such facilities which would likely reduce our earnings and operating cash flow. Our long-term liquidity requirements, specifically the repayment of debt and our investment funding needs, would generally be accomplished through additional borrowings, the issuance of debt and equity securities, and/or the sales, refinancing or principal repayments of our investments. At this time, we cannot provide any assurances that our long-term liquidity plans can be accomplished collectively or individually.
In our Form 10-K filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”) on March 31, 2009, our independent registered public accounting firm, Ernst and Young LLP, concluded that there was substantial doubt regarding our ability to continue as a going concern. In response, we have undertaken certain efforts including; (i) discontinuing payment of quarterly dividends and replacing it with payment of an annual dividend to the extent required to satisfy REIT dividend requirements, (ii) seeking to reduce operating costs, primarily our general and administrative costs including possible modifications to our management agreement; (iii) seeking to restructure terms of our recourse indebtedness including extension of scheduled maturity dates and/or modification of near-term interest payment requirements; and (iv) if necessary, pursuing sales of selected assets.
At this time, we expect that we will not generate taxable income in 2009, and therefore will not be required to pay a dividend for the year ended December 31, 2009.
During 2009, we have exchanged $56.3 million of our TRUPs into junior subordinated notes, and cancelled $3.7 million of our TRUPs reducing quarterly cash interest payments from $1.1 million per quarter to $75 per quarter through April 2012. In addition, we amended our note payable to reduce monthly payments from approximately $0.4 million to approximately $0.1 million from July through November 2009, and amended our agreement with the manager to reduce cash basis monthly base management fees to $75 from April to November 2009. However, currently our primary source of free operating cash flows are our non-CDO CMBS investments. Cash flow from these investments have declined from approximately $4.0 million in the second quarter of 2009 to approximately $3.7 million during the third quarter of 2009 due to deteriorating macroeconomic and commercial real estate conditions evidenced by increasing delinquencies, special servicing activity and the appraisal reductions on collateral for such investments. In addition, cash flow from our retained preferred shares in CDOI declined from $0.4 million during the three months ended June 30, 2009 to $0 during the three months ended September 30, 2009 due primarily to CMBS bond downgrades to “CCC” or below on CDOI collateral. This decline in non-CDO CMBS and CDOI cash flow has further adversely affected our liquidity.
Our unrestricted cash balance as of November 6, 2009 was $1.0 million and our repurchase agreement borrowings were $8.1 million. As of September 30, 2009, we were not in compliance with the minimum tangible net worth covenant under our repurchase agreement. Our repurchase agreement matures on December 22, 2009 however we believe it is unlikely the facility will be extended or renewed at maturity. As a result we are currently seeking a replacement source of financing, or if unable to refinance, we will need to liquidate the CMBS collateral that is security for the facility.
No assurance can be given that we will be successful in achieving any of these efforts collectively or individually. Should our repurchase agreement lender demand immediate repayment of all of our obligations, we will likely be unable to pay such obligations absent asset sales. In such event, we may have to recapitalize, refinance our obligations, sell some or all of our assets at prices below current estimated fair value or seek to liquidate or reorganize under Chapter 7 or Chapter 11, respectively, of the United States Bankruptcy Code.
The decline in liquidity and lack of available financing will make it difficult for us to meet future capital calls from the US Debt Fund. A failure by us to fund our portion of future capital calls may adversely impact our investment in and management fees earned on the US Debt Fund, and lead to, among other items, payment of penalty interest and/or dilution of our current investment interests.
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Borrowings.As of November 7, 2009, September 30, 2009 and December 31, 2008, repurchase agreement borrowings consisted of the following (net of amounts held as collateral in restricted cash for these borrowings):
| | | | | | | | | | | |
| | Scheduled Maturity Date | | Amount |
| | November 7, 2009 | | September 30, 2009 | | December 31, 2008 |
Secured by CMBS | | | | | | | | | | | |
JP Morgan Chase | | December 2009 | | $ | 8,108 | | $ | 8,858 | | $ | 16,108 |
| | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | $ | 8,108 | | $ | 8,858 | | $ | 16,108 |
| | | | | | | | | | | |
In August 2007 and as subsequently amended in September 2007, March 2008, September 2008 and December 2008, we and a wholly owned subsidiary, respectively, entered into a repurchase agreement with a subsidiary of JPMorgan Chase & Co. (the “JPMorgan Facility”). This repurchase agreement provides financing to be secured by rated and unrated CMBS. The December 2008 amendment modified certain financial covenants applicable to us under the JPMorgan Facility and extended the term of the facility to December 22, 2009. We also agreed to make payments of $2.8 million in December 2008, $2.0 million in February 2009, and monthly amortization payments of $0.8 million commencing in March 2009 through the maturity of the JPMorgan Facility, with the remaining outstanding balance on the facility due and payable on December 22, 2009. During the nine months ended September 30, 2009, such principal repayments totaled $7.3 million. This repurchase agreement is fully recourse to us and has covenants related to (i) minimum tangible net worth, (ii) maximum leverage, (iii) minimum liquidity and (iv)incurrence of additional recourse debt, among other covenants. The JPMorgan Facility also has a material adverse change clause in which JPMorgan can demand immediate repayment of our debt if they deem a material adverse change to have occurred. As of September 30, 2009, $8.8 million was outstanding under the facility at a weighted average borrowing rate of 2.9%, and CMBS investments with an estimated fair value of $13.5 million were pledged as collateral.
Collateralized Debt Obligations.As of September 30, 2009, we had the following CDO obligations.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Issuance | | Issuance Date | | Collateral | | Notes Issued as of September 30, 2009 |
| | Type | | Amount | | Type | | Outstanding Balance | | Fair Value | | Weighted Average Interest Rate | | | Weighted Average Life Remaining |
CDO I | | November | | CMBS | | $ | 418,748 | | Fixed | | $ | 147,030 | | $ | 23,560 | | 6.0 | % | | 10.8 |
| | 2005 | | | | | | | Floating | | | 118,353 | | | 10,321 | | 0.6 | % | | 7.1 |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | $ | 265,383 | | $ | 33,881 | | 3.6 | % | | 8.4 |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | |
| | | | CMBS, mezzanine | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
CDO II | | | | loans, first mortgage | | $ | 1,183,250 | | Fixed | | $ | 48,692 | | $ | — | | 5.8 | % | | — |
| | October | | interests, Re-Remic | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | 2006 | | securities | | | | | Floating | | | 645,206 | | | 83,651 | | 0.9 | % | | 5.0 |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | $ | 693,898 | | $ | 83,651 | | 1.2 | % | | 5.0 |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
CDO II has a replenishment collateral pool of up to $275.0 million that would allow replenishment of proceeds of real estate loans that are paid off within five years from the closing of the transaction, subject to the replenishment collateral meeting certain criteria outlined in the CDO II indenture and satisfaction of certain other requirements. During the nine months ended September 30, 2009 and 2008, we contributed no CMBS or real estate loan interests as collateral to CDO II and CDO II received $3.7 million of real estate loan repayments on CDO II real estate loan collateral during the nine months ended September 30, 2009. At September 30, 2009 the replenishment pool balance was $4.7 million which is reflected as restricted cash on our consolidated balance sheets.
The terms of our CDOs include certain over-collateralization and interest coverage tests, which are used primarily to determine whether and to what extent principal and interest paid on the debt securities and other assets that serve as collateral underlying the CDO’s may be used to pay principal and interest on the notes payable and preferred shares issued by the CDOs. In each of our CDOs, in the event that either test is not satisfied, interest and principal that would otherwise be payable on certain of the junior tranches of notes payable and preferred shares issued by the CDOs and retained by us may be redirected to repay principal on certain senior tranches of notes payable issued by the CDOs. Therefore, failure to satisfy the coverage tests could adversely affect cash flows received by us from our retained interests in the CDOs and thereby our liquidity and operating results.
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As a result of downgrades relating to its CMBS collateral, CDO II failed certain of its over-collateralization tests beginning in February 2009. Such failures have continued, and are expected to continue for the foreseeable future. As a result of the failure of these over-collateralization coverage tests (i) certain interest payments normally scheduled to be allocated to the holders of the junior notes payable and preferred shareholders of CDO II were reallocated to the holders of the senior notes payable, and (ii) any available principal proceeds were reallocated to the holders of the senior notes payable. Consequently, we will not receive any cash flow distributions on the junior notes payable and preferred share investments retained by us and/or our affiliates in CDO II until such time, if ever, the over-collateralization coverage tests are complied with. Even if the over-collateralization coverage tests are eventually complied with, our ability to obtain regular cash payments from the assets securing CDO II is dependent upon CDO II continuing to meet interest coverage and over-collateralization coverage tests. If the February through September 2009 over-collateralization coverage tests for CDO II had not failed, we would have received approximately $13.5 million in additional distributions during the first nine months of 2009. During 2008, we received approximately $28 million of net cash distributions from CDO II.
CMBS downgrades generally do not affect the over-collateralization coverage test applicable to collateral in CDO I, unless such collateral is downgraded to “CC” or below. As of September 30, 2009, 14 CMBS bonds underlying CDO I have been downgraded to “CC” or lower, causing certain cash payments from such downgraded CMBS bonds normally scheduled to be allocated to the holder of the junior notes payable and preferred shareholders of CDO I to be reallocated to the holders of the senior notes payable. While CDO I is still in compliance with its over-collateralization and interest coverage tests, these bond downgrades, combined with declining cash flows from the CMBS underlying CDO I has reduced the cash flow to us on our retained preferred shares. For the three months ended September 30, 2009, we collected $0 from our retained preferred shares in CDO I, compared with $0.4 million for the three months ending June 30, 2009 and $0.8 million during the three months ended September 30, 2008.
The redirection of cash within our CDOs is not expected to impact the GAAP or tax treatment to us relative to our reporting of the individual assets and liabilities related to the CDOs as we consolidate both CDOs on our balance sheet. While we believe our balance sheet reflects the fair value of the individual CDO related assets and liabilities, we believe the estimated economic fair value of our combined retained interest in the CDOs is significantly less than the difference between the estimated fair values of the assets and liabilities, determined in accordance with GAAP.
With respect to CDO II, we have been appointed its advancing agent. In this capacity, we may be required to make interest advances to CDO II in the event that the sum of interest proceeds and principal proceeds collected during the related due period are insufficient to remit the interest that is due and payable to the Class A Notes and Class B Notes in accordance with the priority of payments of CDO II (the amount of such insufficiency, an “Interest Shortfall”). We will be entitled to recover any previously unreimbursed interest advances made by it, together with interest thereon, first, from interest proceeds and second if applicable, from principal proceeds, senior to any payments of interest or principal to the noteholders and senior to any payments of fees, expenses or hedge payments of CDO II, only to the extent that such recovery would not trigger an additional Interest Shortfall to the Class A Notes or Class B Notes. In the event that we determine that such interest advances are nonrecoverable interest advances, we would be entitled to recovery of any previously unreimbursed interest advances made by it, together with interest thereon, without regards to whether such recovery would trigger additional Interest Shortfalls. As of September 30, 2009, we have not advanced CDO II for any Interest Shortfalls in its capacity as advancing agent.
Junior Subordinated Debentures and Notes. On April 9, 2007, we issued $60.0 million of TRUPs through our unconsolidated subsidiary, JERIT TS Statutory Trust I (the “Trust”), in a private transaction exempt from registration under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended. Concurrently, we issued $61.9 million in junior subordinated debentures to the Trust and made a $1.9 million common equity investment in the Trust. The junior subordinated debentures had a 30-year term ending April 2037, were redeemable at par on or after April 30, 2012 and paid distributions at a fixed rate of 7.2%, excluding amortization of fees and expenses, for the first five years ending April 2012, and, thereafter, at a floating rate of three month LIBOR plus 225 basis points, excluding amortization of fees and expenses. The assets of the Trust consisted solely of the $61.9 million of junior subordinated notes concurrently issued by us, with terms that mirror the TRUPs. We incurred $1.0 million of debt issuance costs, which were deferred and are amortized on an effective yield basis over the life of the TRUPs. Unamortized debt issuance costs of $0.9 million and $1.0 million, respectively, are included as a component of deferred financing fees on the consolidated balance sheet at September 30, 2009 and December 31, 2008.
On May 29, 2009, we entered into (i) an agreement with two holders of outstanding of our TRUPs, with an aggregate liquidation amount of $56.3 million to exchange such TRUPs for $70.3 million aggregate principal amount of junior subordinated notes due 2037, or the Notes, issued by us, (ii) a letter agreement with one such holder, resulting in the issuance of 307,203 unregistered shares of our common stock and certain cash payments to that holder in connection with the exchange described above, (iii) an agreement with the other such holder, providing for certain cash payments to that holder in
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connection with the exchange described above, (iv) an agreement with a third holder of TRUPs with an aggregate liquidation amount of $3.7 million to exchange such TRUPs for 541,906 unregistered shares of our common stock and certain cash payments, and (v) a registration rights agreement with those holders receiving shares of our common stock in the exchanges described above providing for certain piggyback registration rights with respect to such shares.
We completed the cancellation of the remaining $0.6 million of TRUPs on July 30, 2009 with a $0.1 million cash payment and recorded an additional $0.5 million gain during the three months ended September 30, 2009 in connection therewith. We accounted for the agreement to exchange $56.3 million of TRUPs as a modification and did not recognize a gain for that exchange and accounted for the agreement to cancel remaining $3.7 million of TRUPs as a termination and recorded a gain of $0.5 million and $3.2 million, or $0.09 and $0.62 per diluted common share, respectively, for the portion of that exchange that was completed during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2009. Costs incurred to exchange and cancel the TRUPs were expensed.
All $60.0 million of TRUPs have been cancelled through September 30, 2009 in conjunction with these exchanges. The agreements also resulted in us satisfying our interest payment obligations on the TRUPs due for the April 30, 2009 interest payment date, and, with respect to the remaining TRUPs outstanding, the amount due at the July 30, 2009 interest payment date. In total, we have made aggregate cash payments of $0.8 million through September 30, 2009 to satisfy our obligations on the TRUPs in connection with the exchanges described above and the satisfaction of interest obligations.
The newly issued Notes will pay interest at a rate of 0.5% annually through April 29, 2012 or such earlier date as we elect (the “Modification Period”). If the Modification Period ends earlier than April 29, 2012, we will pay interest at a fixed rate of 7.2% annually from such date through April 29, 2012. Thereafter, we will pay interest at a variable rate equal to LIBOR plus 2.25% annually. During the Modification Period, we will be subject to certain restrictions, including limitations on its ability to pay dividends on shares of its common stock, provided, however, that we shall be permitted to pay dividends to the extent necessary to satisfy REIT dividend requirements. The Indenture contains customary events of default, including those relating to nonpayment of principal or interest when due, and defaults based on events of bankruptcy and insolvency.
Note Payable. On March 3, 2009, we entered into an agreement with its counterparty to terminate and replace four interest rate swaps which had a $245.1 million ending notional amount and a $29.7 million fair value liability based on the present value of future cash flows before the credit valuation adjustment as of February 27, 2009, in exchange for a new seven-year fixed rate note payable. We initially recorded this new agreement, at fair value, as a note payable on the date of the transaction as the new agreement no longer meets the definition of a derivative. We did not elect the fair value option for this note payable.
On July 14, 2009 and October 7, 2009, we amended the agreement with our counterparty thereby reducing the July, August, September, October and November 2009 monthly payments due under the Agreement from approximately $0.4 million to $75 and resulting in an aggregate deferral in payments of approximately $1.5 million during such five month period. In addition, the Amendments, which are effective in July and October 2009, provide that commencing in December 2009, through and including September 2010, our monthly payments under the Agreement shall be increased from approximately $0.4 million to approximately $0.5 million, thereby providing for the repayment of the deferred amount over the ten month period following November 2009.
General. If we default in the payment of interest or principal on any debt including margin calls on repurchase agreements, breach any representation or warranty in connection with any borrowing or violate any covenant in any loan document, our lender may accelerate the maturity of such debt, requiring us to immediately repay all outstanding principal. If we are unable to make such payments, our lender could force us to sell the applicable collateral or foreclose on our assets pledged as collateral to such lender. The lender could also force us into bankruptcy or bring other legal action against us. Any of these events would likely have a material adverse effect on the value of an investment in our common stock. At September 30, 2009, we were in compliance with all covenants under our CDO notes payable with the exception of certain CDO II over-collateralization coverage tests, our repurchase agreement with the exception of the minimum tangible net worth covenant, our junior subordinated notes, and our note payable.
Dividends.In order to qualify as a REIT and to avoid corporate level tax on the taxable income we distribute to our stockholders, we are required to distribute at least 90% of our ordinary taxable income and net capital gains on an annual basis. Certain of our investments, such as the subordinate CMBS investments, may generate substantial mismatches between taxable income and GAAP net income and cash flow. In order to meet the requirement to distribute a substantial portion of our net taxable income, we may need to borrow, sell assets, raise additional equity capital or pay dividends in the form of stock. Additionally, we will need to raise additional capital that may be dilutive or sell existing assets in order to acquire additional investments. As part of our plans to maintain adequate liquidity, we have discontinued payment of quarterly dividends and replaced it with payment of an annual dividend to the extent required to satisfy REIT dividend requirements.
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At this time, we expect that we will not generate taxable income in 2009, and therefore will not be required to pay a dividend.
The following table summarizes our quarterly distributions in 2009 and 2008 and reflects the impact of our 1-for-10 reverse stock split declared in February 2009:
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Quarter | | Dividend Type | | Record Date | | Declaration Date | | Payment Date | | Amount |
| | | | | |
First Quarter 2009 | | n/a | | n/a | | n/a | | n/a | | $ | — |
Second Quarter 2009 | | n/a | | n/a | | n/a | | n/a | | | — |
Third Quarter 2009 | | n/a | | n/a | | n/a | | n/a | | | — |
| | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | $ | — |
| | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | |
First Quarter 2008 | | Regular | | 5/1/2008 | | 4/18/2008 | | 5/6/2008 | | $ | 3.00 |
Second Quarter 2008 | | Regular | | 6/30/2008 | | 6/13/2008 | | 7/31/2008 | | | 3.00 |
Third Quarter 2008 | | Regular | | 9/30/2008 | | 9/11/2008 | | 10/31/2008 | | | 3.00 |
Fourth Quarter 2008 | | Regular | | 12/30/2008 | | 12/16/2008 | | 1/30/2009 | | | 3.00 |
Fourth Quarter 2008 | | Special | | 12/30/2008 | | 12/16/2008 | | 1/30/2009 | | | 5.80 |
| | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | $ | 17.80 |
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Inflation. We believe that the risk of increases in the market interest rates as a result of inflation on any floating rate investments that we may invest in will be largely offset by our floating rate debt and the use of match funded financing which may include interest rate derivatives.
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Contractual Obligations. Purchase commitments and aggregate principal maturities of our repurchase agreements and notes payable at September 30, 2009 was as follows:
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Contractual Obligations | | Payment Due by Period |
| Total | | Less Than One Year | | 1-3 Years | | 3-5 Years | | More Than 5 Years |
Capital commitments(1) | | $ | 5,067 | | $ | 5,067 | | $ | — | | $ | — | | $ | — |
Repurchase agreements(2) | | | 8,858 | | | 8,858 | | | — | | | — | | | — |
CDO notes payable(3) | | | 959,281 | | | — | | | — | | | — | | | 959,281 |
Junior subordinated notes(4) | | | 58,669 | | | — | | | — | | | — | | | 58,669 |
Note payable(5) | | | 28,685 | | | 4,918 | | | 8,291 | | | 8,688 | | | 6,788 |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | $ | 1,060,560 | | $ | 18,843 | | $ | 8,291 | | $ | 8,688 | | $ | 1,024,738 |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
(1) | Maturity date represents the end of the Investment Period (December 2009) for the U.S. Debt Fund. The timing and amount of capital calls are determined as necessary by the General Partner of the U.S. Debt Fund. The decline in operating cash flows and reduction in available financing may make it difficult for us to meet future capital calls from the US Debt Fund. A failure by us to fund our portion of future capital calls may impair our investment in the US Debt Fund, and lead to, among other items, payment of penalty interest and/or dilution of our current investment. |
(2) | The repurchase agreement is scheduled to mature in December 2009. |
(3) | The maturity dates of the notes payable are contingent upon maturity of assets pledged as collateral and have a remaining expected average maturity of 8.4 years and 5.0 years for CDO I and CDO II, respectively, as of September 30, 2009. |
(4) | The junior subordinated notes mature in April 2037 and are redeemable at par on or after April 30, 2012. |
(5) | Relates to an agreement with a counterparty to terminate and replace four interest rate swaps. |
Off Balance Sheet Arrangements
As of September 30, 2009, we did not have any off balance sheet arrangements.
Related Party Transactions
Under the management agreement, our manager may engage J.E. Robert Company or its affiliates to perform certain legal, accounting, due diligence, asset management, securitization, property management, brokerage, loan servicing, leasing and other services that outside professionals or outside consultants otherwise would perform on our behalf. J.E. Robert Company and its affiliates may be reimbursed or paid for the cost of performing such tasks, provided that such costs and reimbursements are no greater than those that would be paid to outside professionals or consultants on an arm’s-length basis. Our manager is reimbursed for any expenses incurred in contracting with third parties. In addition, our manager is responsible for all employment compensation of J.E. Robert Company personnel who perform services for us pursuant to the management agreement.
Fee Arrangements. See the Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2008, filed March 31, 2009, for a description of our related party fees transactions. For the three and nine months ended September 30, 2009 and 2008, we incurred the following related party fees.
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| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | For the Three Months Ended September 30, | | For the Nine Months Ended September 30, | | Amounts Unpaid as of | | Location on |
| 2009 | | 2008 | | 2009 | | 2008 | | September 30, 2009 | | December 31, 2008 | | Balance Sheet | | Statement of Operations |
Expenses | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Base management fees(1) | | $ | 989 | | $ | 1,844 | | $ | 3,160 | | $ | 5,545 | | $ | 1,605 | | $ | 577 | | Due to affiliate | | Management fees, affiliate |
Incentive fees | | | — | | | — | | | — | | | — | | | — | | | — | | Due to affiliate | | Management fees, affiliate |
Overhead reimbursement | | | 129 | | | 129 | | | 386 | | | 386 | | | 33 | | | 87 | | Due to affiliate | | General and administrative |
CDO II collateral administration fees | | | 208 | | | 374 | | | 690 | | | 1,123 | | | 13 | | | 25 | | Due to affiliate | | General and administrative |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Total expenses | | $ | 1,326 | | $ | 2,347 | | $ | 4,236 | | $ | 7,054 | | $ | 1,651 | | $ | 689 | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | |
Revenues | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
US Debt Fund management fee | | $ | 262 | | $ | 114 | | $ | 756 | | $ | 293 | | $ | 275 | | $ | 145 | | Due from affiliate | | Fee income |
Joint venture management fee | | | — | | | 37 | | | — | | | 110 | | | — | | | 12 | | Due from affiliate | | Fee income |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Total revenues | | $ | 262 | | $ | 151 | | $ | 756 | | $ | 403 | | $ | 275 | | $ | 157 | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
(1) | On July 20, 2009 and October 7, 2009, the Company and its Manager entered into an amendment to the management agreement whereby the Company agreed, effective as of April 1, 2009, that during the months of April, May, June, July, August, September, October and November, 2009, (i) it shall not be required to make any payments of base management fees and/or incentive fees otherwise due and payable under the Management Agreement in excess of $75 per month and (ii) any Fees accruing and otherwise payable under the Management Agreement in excess of $75 per month shall be deferred and due and payable by it to the Manager on such date after November 2009 as the Company and the Manager shall mutually agree in writing. |
Real Estate Loans: The following table presents a summary of loans which the Company has invested where an affiliate of the Manager held a controlling equity interest in the borrower.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | At Investment | | Principal Repayments Received During the Nine Months Ended September 30, 2009 | | Balance as of September 30, 2009 | | Balance as of December 31, 2008 |
Year ofInvestment | | Type of Loan(s) | | Unpaid Principal Balance | | Cost Basis | | | Unpaid Principal Balance | | Amortized Cost | | Fair Value | | Unpaid Principal Balance | | Amortized Cost | | Fair Value |
2007 | | Mezzanine loans | | $ | 50,000 | | $ | 49,375 | | $— | | $ | 37,092 | | $ | 36,854 | | $ | 5,916 | | $ | 37,092 | | $ | 36,854 | | $ | 22,302 |
2006 | | Mezzanine loans | | | 65,000 | | | 65,000 | | 264 | | | 44,213 | | | 44,213 | | | 20,263 | | | 44,477 | | | 44,477 | | | 30,671 |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | Total | | $ | 115,000 | | $ | 114,375 | | $264 | | $ | 81,305 | | $ | 81,067 | | $ | 26,179 | | $ | 81,569 | | $ | 81,331 | | $ | 52,973 |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Special Servicing: Each CMBS securitization requires that a special servicer be appointed by the purchaser controlling the most subordinated non-investment grade class of securities. Because the manager does not have special servicer status, it appoints J.E. Robert Company or another entity that has special servicer status, as the special servicer whenever the Company acquires a controlling interest in the most subordinated non-investment grade class of a CMBS securitization. J.E. Robert Company earned $2.0 million and $0.9 million in fees as special servicer during the three months ended September 30, 2009 and 2008, respectively, and $4.6 million and $3.4 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2009 and 2008, respectively, as a special servicer on the CMBS issuances where we own the first-loss position. J.E. Robert Company is also entitled to receive additional fees in the future based on the collections received against loans that were managed in special servicing and subsequently returned to the master servicer. All fees due to J.E. Robert Company as special servicer are paid either by the applicable securitization vehicles or the borrower and not directly by the Company and such fees are consistent with traditional, well established market standards and are set as part of the arms-length negotiations to acquire such CMBS bonds from the issuer. However, because we generally own the first loss position in these same CMBS issuances, payment of special servicing fees to J.E. Robert Company may reduce the amounts available to pay us pursuant to the terms of the applicable CMBS trusts.
Recent Events
On October 7, 2009, the Company amended the agreement with its note payable counterparty to reduce the October and November 2009 monthly payments due under the agreement from approximately $0.4 million to $75. In addition, the amendment, which is effective in October 2009, provides that commencing in December 2009, through and including September 2010, the Company’s monthly payments under the Agreement shall be increased from approximately $0.4 million to approximately $0.5 million, thereby providing for the repayment of the cumulative deferred amount over the ten month period following November 2009.
On October 14, 2009, the Company and its Manager entered into an amendment to the management agreement whereby the Company agreed, effective as of October 7, 2009, to extend the amendment entered into during July 2009 so that during the months of October and November, 2009, (i) it shall not be required to make any payments of base management fees and/or incentive fees otherwise due and payable under the Management Agreement in excess of $75 per month and (ii) any Fees accruing and otherwise payable under the Management Agreement in excess of $75 per month shall be deferred and due and payable by it to the Manager on such date after November 2009 as the Company and the Manager shall mutually agree in writing.
ITEM 3. | QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISK (Amounts are presented in thousands except for share and per share data and as otherwise noted) |
Market Risk. Market risk is the exposure to loss resulting from changes in interest rates, credit curve spreads, foreign currency exchange rates, commodity prices and equity prices. The primary market risks to which we are exposed are interest rate risk and credit curve risk. Interest rate risk is highly sensitive to many factors, including governmental, monetary and tax policies, domestic and international economic and political considerations and other factors beyond our control. Credit curve risk is highly sensitive to dynamics of the markets for commercial mortgage-backed securities and other loans and securities we plan to invest in. Excessive supply of these assets combined with reduced demand will cause the market to require a higher yield. This demand for higher yield will cause the market to use a higher spread over the U.S. Treasury securities yield curve, or other benchmark interest rates, to value these assets. Changes in the general level of the U.S. Treasury yield curve can have significant effects on the market value of our investment portfolio.
Our operating results, depend in part, on the difference between the interest and related income earned on our interest-bearing assets and the interest expense incurred in connection with our interest bearing liabilities. Competition from other providers of real estate financing may lead to a decrease in the interest rate earned on our interest-earning assets, which we may not be able to offset by obtaining lower interest costs on our borrowings. Changes in the general level of interest rates
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prevailing in the financial markets may affect the spread between our interest-earning assets and interest-bearing liabilities. Any significant compression of the spreads between interest-earning assets and interest-bearing liabilities could have a material adverse effect on us. In addition, continued and/or further increases in credit spreads, could, among other things, further reduce the value of our assets, and our ability to realize gains from the sale of such assets, and result in increased margin calls.
We may utilize a variety of financial instruments, including interest rate swaps, caps, options, floors and other interest rate derivative contracts, in order to limit the effects of fluctuations in interest rates on our operations. We do not intend to utilize derivatives for speculative or other purposes other than interest rate risk management. The use of these types of derivatives to hedge interest-earning assets and/or interest-bearing liabilities carries certain risks, including the risk that losses on a hedge position will reduce the funds available for payments to holders of securities and that such losses may exceed the amount invested in such instruments. A hedge may not perform its intended purpose of offsetting losses. At times, we may have interest rate swap maturities or notional balances that do not correspond with outstanding floating rate debt balances, debt maturity dates or amounts. Moreover, with respect to certain of the instruments used as hedges, we are exposed to the risk that the counterparties with which we trade may cease making markets and quoting prices in such instruments, which may render us unable to enter into an offsetting transaction with respect to an open position. If we anticipate the income from any such hedging transaction will not be qualifying income for REIT income test purposes, we may conduct part or all of our hedging activities through a corporate subsidiary that will be fully subject to federal corporate income taxation (a taxable REIT subsidiary). Our profitability may be adversely affected during any period as a result of changing interest rates.
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Interest Rate Risk. Interest rate sensitivity refers to the change in earnings and cash flows that may result from changes in the level of interest rates. Our net interest income is affected by changes in various interest rates, primarily LIBOR and treasury rates. At September 30, 2009, our primary sensitivity to interest rates related to the income we earned on a portion of our $270.0 million of floating rate real estate loans and the interest expense incurred on $772.4 million of floating rate indebtedness, the carry cost on $413.3 million of interest rate swaps which were all tied to LIBOR, resulting in net exposure to interest rate fluctuations to approximately $89.1 million of net floating rate liabilities. The following table presents our pay-fixed interest rate swaps as of September 30, 2009 and December 31, 2008:
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Trade Date | | Effective Date | | Termination Date | | Initial Notional Balance | | Notional Balance at | | Ending Notional Balance | | Fair Value at | | | Pay-Fixed Interest Rate | | | Asset/ Liability at Semptember 30, 2009 | | Location on the Balance Sheet at September 30, 2009 |
| | | | September 30, 2009 | | December 31, 2008 | | | September 30, 2009(3) | | | December 31, 2008 | | | | |
October 2005 | | November
2005 (1) | | June 2015 | | $ | 109,977 | | $ | 109,977 | | $ | 109,977 | | $ | 5,697 | | $ | (12,831 | ) | | $ | (17,545 | ) | | 4.9 | % | | Liability | | Interest rate swap agreements related to CDOs, at fair value |
September 2006 | | October 2006(2) | | August 2016 | | | 386,324 | | | 303,126 | | | 303,126 | | | 219,929 | | | (33,837 | ) | | | (49,551 | ) | | 5.1 | % | | Liability | | Interest rate swap agreements related to CDOs, at fair value |
September 2006 | | October 2009(2) | | August 2016(6) | | | — | | | — | | | — | | | — | | | — | | | | (3,536 | ) | | 5.2 | % | | n/a | | n/a |
February 2007 | | October 2007(2) | | October 2014(6) | | | — | | | — | | | 83,198 | | | — | | | — | | | | (7,490 | ) | | 5.1 | % | | n/a | | n/a |
January 2007 | | November 2007 | | December 2016(4)(6) | | | 100,000 | | | — | | | 40,000 | | | — | | | — | | | | (6,209 | ) | | 5.3 | % | | n/a | | n/a |
February 2007 | | November 2007 | | February 2017(5) | | | 26,000 | | | — | | | 19,500 | | | — | | | — | | | | (3,714 | ) | | 5.1 | % | | n/a | | n/a |
March 2007 | | November 2007 | | January 2017(6) | | | 40,000 | | | — | | | 40,000 | | | — | | | — | | | | (3,939 | ) | | 5.0 | % | | n/a | | n/a |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | $ | 662,301 | | $ | 413,103 | | $ | 595,801 | | $ | 225,626 | | $ | (46,668 | ) | | $ | (91,984 | ) | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
(1) | Swap related to our CDO I financing and is reflected at fair value with the change in value subsequent to December 31, 2007 recorded in other gains (losses) on the consolidated statement of operations due to our election to account for this swap using the FVO effective January 1, 2008. |
(2) | Swaps related to our CDO II financing and is reflected at fair value with the change in value subsequent to December 31, 2007 recorded in other gains (losses) on the consolidated statement of operations due to our election to account for these swaps using the FVO effective January 1, 2008. |
(3) | The settlement amount of our interest rate swap liabilities was $(46.7) million as of September 30, 2009. This liability is partially offset by a $36 credit valuation adjustment as of September 30, 2009 due to the requirement to incorporate a credit valuation allowance for our and our counterparty’s credit rating to arrive at fair value. |
(4) | In connection with the sale of a real estate loan in September 2008 and repayment of the related floating rate financing, we partially terminated $60.0 million of notional balance on a swap with an initial notional balance of $100.0 million and paid swap termination costs of $4.0 million. |
(5) | In December 2008, in connection with the transfer of real estate loans classified as held for sale and repayment of the related floating rate financing, we partially terminated $6.5 million of notional balance on a swap with an initial notional balance of $26.0 million and paid swap termination costs of $1.5 million. The counterparty terminated the remaining $19.5 million of this swap on February 23, 2009 and we paid the counterparty $3.3 million in connection with this termination. |
(6) | On February 27, 2009, we agreed to terminate these interest rate swaps and replace them with a new seven-year fixed rate-for-fixed rate swap agreement which we reflected as a note payable on our consolidated balance sheets. On July 14, 2009 and October 7, 2009, we agreed to reduce the July, August, September, October and November 2009 monthly payments due under the agreement from $0.4 million to $75 and resulting in an aggregate deferral in payments of $1.5 million during such five month period. In addition, the amendment provides that commencing in December 2009, through and including September 2010, our monthly payments under the agreement shall be increased from $0.4 million to $0.5 million, thereby providing for the repayment of the deferred payment amounts over the ten month period following November 2009. |
At September 30, 2009, our interest rate swaps mitigate the impact of interest rate changes on our net earnings and cash flow. As a result of and due to floating rates on our real estate loans, CDO notes payable and repurchase agreement borrowings, changes in interest rates will generally impact our net income. All of our floating rate assets and liabilities are tied to LIBOR or the applicable base rate and some are subject to certain caps, floors or other limitations. The following table shows the estimated change in net income for a 12-month period based on changes in the applicable LIBOR rates applied to floating rate assets, liabilities and interest rate swaps outstanding as of September 30, 2009:
| | | | |
LIBOR Rate Change (Basis Points) | | Estimated Increase (Decrease) in Net Income Over 12 Months at September 30, 2009(1)(2) | |
| | (in thousands) | |
-150 | | $ | 223 | |
-50 | | | 223 | |
50 | | | (445 | ) |
150 | | | (1,335 | ) |
(1) | Estimated increased (decrease) in net income over next twelve months does not consider the impact future changes in fair value. |
(2) | At September 30, 2009, the 1-month LIBOR rate was approximately 25 basis points. This analysis is presented assuming LIBOR will exceed 0 basis points. |
Interest rate changes may also affect the fair value of our CMBS investments, real estate loans and derivatives. We have not entered into derivative transactions designed to hedge changes in fair value.
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Credit Risk. Our portfolio of commercial real estate loans and securities is subject to a high degree of credit risk. Credit risk is the exposure to loss from debtor defaults. Default rates are subject to a wide variety of factors, including, but not limited to, property performance, property management, supply and demand factors, construction trends, consumer behavior, regional economics, interest rates, the strength of the Unites States economy, the availability of credit and/or refinancing opportunities, and other factors beyond our control.
All loans are subject to some probability of default. At the time of purchase, we underwrite our subordinate CMBS investments assuming (i) the underlying loans will suffer some dollar amount of defaults and (ii) the defaults will lead to some level of realized losses. Loss adjusted yields are computed based on these assumptions and applied to each class of security supported by the cash flow on the underlying loans. The most significant variables affecting loss adjusted yields include, but are not limited to, the number of defaults, the severity of loss that occurs subsequent to a default and the timing of the actual loss.
During 2008 and 2009, in response to a deteriorating macroeconomic and commercial real estate environment, we have increased the numbers of loans we assume will default, the severity of losses on such defaults, and accelerated the timing of such projected losses. We currently assume that substantially all of the principal of a non-rated security, and in most cases a portion of or all of more senior rated securities owned by us, will not be recoverable over time. The timing and the amount of the loss of principal are the key assumptions to determine the economic yield of these securities. Timing is of paramount importance because the longer the principal balance remains outstanding the more interest the holder receives to support a greater economic return. Alternatively, if principal is lost faster than originally assumed, there is less opportunity to receive interest and a lower return or loss may result. If actual principal losses on the underlying loans exceed assumptions, the higher rated securities will be affected more significantly as a loss of principal may not have been assumed previously.
We manage credit risk through the underwriting process, establishing loss assumptions and monitoring of loan performance. Before acquiring a controlling class security (represented by a majority ownership interest in the most subordinate tranche) in a proposed pool of loans, we perform a rigorous analysis of all of the proposed underlying loans. Information from this review is then used to establish loss assumptions. We assume that some portion of the loans will default and calculate an expected or loss adjusted yield based on that assumption. After the securities have been acquired, we monitor the performance of the loans, as well as external factors that may affect their value.
Factors that indicate a higher loss severity or acceleration of the timing of an expected loss will cause a reduction in the expected yield and therefore reduce our earnings. Furthermore, we may be required to write down a portion of the accreted cost basis of the affected assets through a charge to income in the event that the investment is considered impaired.
Since December 31, 2008, we have seen a significant increase in CMBS 60-day and greater delinquencies and CMBS entering our CMBS special servicing portfolio. The 60-day and greater delinquencies on loan collateral underlying our CMBS “first-loss” investments was 319 basis points at September 30, 2009 compared to 83 basis points at December 31, 2008. The CMBS special servicing portfolio balances were $713.5 million, $3.4 billion and $3.8 billion at December 31, 2008, September 30, 2009 and November 4, 2009, respectively. Due to the continued tightening of credit, declining real estate values, worsening macro-economic environment, in conjunction with the significant increase in our CMBS special servicing portfolio, we increased our loan loss projections associated with the real estate loan collateral underlying our “first-loss” CMBS portfolio which represented approximately 3,500 loans with an unpaid principal balance of approximately $47 billion as of September 30, 2009. As of September 30, 2009, we increased projected future loan losses to approximately $1.7 billion from $964.1 million as of December 31, 2008. In addition, we accelerated the projected timing of these losses, with most of the loss increase projected to occur in 2010. This increase in loss projections results in lower projected cash flows from our “first-loss” CMBS investments, and, in part, caused us to recognize CMBS impairment charges of $2.7 million and $24.7 million, respectively, during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2009. Such losses may increase in the future in the event that collateral performance and macroeconomic conditions deteriorate.
We may also invest in commercial real estate loans, primarily mezzanine loans, bridge loans, B-notes, loans to real estate companies, whole mortgage loans, first mortgage participations and net leased real estate. Although we have not to date, we may also invest in residential mortgages and related securities. These investments will be subject to credit risk. The extent of our credit risk exposure will be dependent on risks associated with commercial and residential real estate. Property values and net operating income derived from such properties are subject to volatility and may be affected adversely by a number of factors, including, but not limited to, national, regional and local economic conditions (which may be adversely affected by industry slowdowns and other factors); local real estate conditions (such as an oversupply of housing, retail, industrial, office or other commercial space); changes or continued weakness in specific industry segments; construction quality, age and design; demographic factors; retroactive changes to building or similar codes; increases in operating expenses (such as energy costs) and; reductions in and/ or lack of capital and liquidity. In the event a borrower’s net operating income decreases, the borrower may have difficulty repaying our loans, which could result in losses to us. In addition, decreases in property values reduce the value of the collateral and the potential proceeds available to a borrower to repay our loans, which could also cause us to suffer losses.
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ITEM 4. | CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES |
(a)Evaluation of Disclosure Control and Procedures. An evaluation of the effectiveness of the design and operation of our “disclosure controls and procedures” (as defined in Rule 13a-15(e)) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, as of the end of the period covered by this annual report on Form 10-K was made under the supervision and with the participation of our management, including our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer. Based upon this evaluation, our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer have concluded that our disclosure controls and procedures (a) are effective to ensure that information required to be disclosed by us in reports filed or submitted under the Securities Exchange Act is timely recorded, processed, summarized and reported and (b) include, without limitation, controls and procedures designed to ensure that information required to be disclosed by us in reports filed under or submitted under the Securities Exchange Act is accumulated and communicated to our management, including our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, as appropriate to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure.
(b) Internal Control Over Financial Reporting. There have not been any changes in the Company’s internal control over financial reporting (as such term is defined in Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f) under the Exchange Act), during the quarter ended September 30, 2009 that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, the Company’s internal control over financial reporting.
PART II. OTHER INFORMATION
The Company is not a party to any legal proceedings.
There have been no material changes to the risk factors disclosed in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2008.
ITEM 2. | Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds |
None.
ITEM 3. | Defaults Upon Senior Securities |
None.
ITEM 4. | Submission of Matters to Vote of Security Holders |
None.
None
| | |
Exhibit Number | | Description |
| |
31.1 | | Certification of Chief Executive Officer. |
| |
31.2 | | Certification of Chief Financial Officer. |
| |
32.1 | | Section 302 Certification of Chief Executive Officer. |
| |
32.2 | | Section 302 Certification of Chief Financial Officer. |
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SIGNATURES
Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned thereunto duly authorized:
| | |
JER INVESTORS TRUST INC (Registrant) |
| |
By: | | /s/ Joseph E. Robert, Jr. |
Name: | | Joseph E. Robert, Jr. |
Title: | | Chief Executive Officer, President and Chairman of the Board |
Date: | | November 9, 2009 |
| |
By: | | /s/ J. Michael McGillis |
Name: | | J. Michael McGillis |
Title: | | Chief Financial Officer |
Date: | | November 9, 2009 |
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