Summary of Significant Accounting Policies (Policies) | 12 Months Ended |
Dec. 31, 2019 |
Accounting Policies [Abstract] | |
Basis of Presentation | Basis of presentation The consolidated financial statements of the Company have been prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (U.S. GAAP). |
Basis of Consolidation | Basis of consolidation The consolidated financial statements include the accounts of Inogen, Inc. and its wholly owned subsidiary. All intercompany balances and transactions have been eliminated. |
Accounting Estimates | Accounting estimates The preparation of consolidated financial statements in conformity with U.S. GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the consolidated financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. Management bases these estimates and assumptions upon historical experience, existing and known circumstances, authoritative accounting pronouncements and other factors that management believes to be reasonable. Significant areas requiring the use of management estimates relate to revenue recognition and determining the stand-alone selling price (SSP) of performance obligations, inventory and rental asset valuations and write-downs, accounts receivable allowances for bad debts, returns and adjustments, warranty expense, stock compensation expense, depreciation and amortization, income tax provision and uncertain tax positions, fair value of financial instruments, fair value of acquired intangible assets and goodwill and fair value of earnout liabilities. Actual results could differ from these estimates. |
Revenue | Revenue The Company generates revenue primarily from sales and rentals of its products. The Company’s products consist of its proprietary line of oxygen concentrators, non-invasive ventilators, and related accessories. Other revenue, which is included in sales revenue on the Statements of Comprehensive Income, primarily comes from service contracts, replacement parts and freight revenue for product shipments. Sales revenue Revenue is recognized upon transfer of control of promised products or services to customers in an amount that reflects the consideration the Company expects to receive in exchange for those products or services. Revenue from product sales is generally recognized upon shipment of the product but is deferred for certain transactions when control has not yet transferred to the customer. The Company’s product is generally sold with a right of return and the Company may provide other incentives, which are accounted for as variable consideration when estimating the amount of revenue to recognize. Returns and incentives are estimated at the time sales revenue is recognized. The provision for estimated returns is calculated based on historical data and future expectations. Sales revenue incentives within the Company’s contracts are estimated based on the most likely amounts expected on the related sales transactions and recorded as a reduction to revenue at the time of sale in accordance with the terms of the contract. The Company also offers a lifetime warranty for direct-to-consumer sales of its oxygen concentrators. For a fixed price, the Company agrees to provide a fully functional oxygen concentrator for the remaining life of the patient. Lifetime warranties are only offered to patients upon the initial sale of oxygen concentrators directly from the Company and are non-transferable. Lifetime warranties are considered to be a distinct performance obligation that are accounted for separately from its sale of oxygen concentrators with a standard warranty of three years . The revenue is allocated to the distinct lifetime warranty performance obligation based on a relative SSP method. The Company has vendor-specific objective evidence of the selling price for its equipment. To determine the selling price of the lifetime warranty, the Company uses its best estimate of the SSP for the distinct performance obligation as the lifetime warranty is neither separately priced nor is the selling price available through third-party evidence. To calculate the selling price associated with the lifetime warranties, management considers the profit margins of service revenue, the average estimated cost of lifetime warranties and the price of extended warranties. Revenue from the distinct lifetime warranty is deferred after the delivery of the equipment and recognized based on an estimated mortality rate over five years, which is the estimated performance period of the contract based on the average patient life expectancy. Revenue from the sale of the Company’s repair services is recognized when the performance obligations are satisfied and collection of the receivables is probable. Other revenue from the sale of replacement parts is generally recognized when product is shipped to customers. Freight revenue consists of fees associated with the deployment of products internationally and domestically when expedited freight options are requested or when minimum order quantities are not met. Freight revenue is generally recognized upon shipment of the product but is deferred if control has not yet transferred to the customer. Shipping and handling costs for sold products and rental assets shipped to the Company’s customers are included on the consolidated statements of comprehensive income as part of cost of sales revenue and cost of rental revenue, respectively. The payment terms and conditions of customer contracts vary by customer type and the products and services offered. For certain products or services and customer types, the Company requires payment before the products or services are delivered to the customer. The timing of sales revenue recognition, billing and cash collection results in billed accounts receivable and deferred revenue in the consolidated balance sheet. Contract liabilities primarily consist of deferred revenue related to lifetime warranties on direct-to-consumer sales revenue when cash payments are received in advance of services performed under the contract. The contract with the customer states the final terms of the sale, including the description, quantity, and price of each product or service purchase. The increase in deferred revenue related to lifetime warranties for the years ended December 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018 was primarily driven by $8,757 and $6,909, respectively, of payments received in advance of satisfying performance obligations, par and $2,855 . $17,728 14,874 The Company elected to apply the practical expedient in accordance with Accounting Standards Codification (ASC) — Revenue Recognition did not evaluate contracts of one year or less for the existence of a significant financing component The Company’s sales revenue is primarily derived from the sale of its oxygen concentrator products to individual consumers, home medical equipment providers, distributors, the Company’s private label partner and resellers worldwide. Sales revenue is classified into two areas: business-to-business sales and direct-to-consumer sales. The following table sets forth the Company’s sales revenue disaggregated by sales channel and geographic region: (amounts in thousands) Years ended December 31, Revenue by region and category 2019 2018 2017 Business-to-business domestic sales $ 106,428 $ 116,581 $ 83,390 Business-to-business international sales 77,960 77,333 55,519 Direct-to-consumer domestic sales 156,158 142,101 86,583 Total sales revenue $ 340,546 $ 336,015 $ 225,492 Rental revenue The Company recognizes equipment rental revenue over the non-cancelable lease term, which is one month, less estimated adjustments, in accordance with ASC 842— Leases The lease term begins on the date products are shipped to patients and are recorded at amounts estimated to be received under reimbursement arrangements with third-party payors, including Medicare, private payors, and Medicaid. Due to the nature of the industry and the reimbursement environment in which the Company operates, certain estimates are required to record net revenue and accounts receivable at their net realizable values. Inherent in these estimates is the risk that they will have to be revised or updated as additional information becomes available. Specifically, the complexity of many third-party billing arrangements and the uncertainty of reimbursement amounts for certain services from certain payors may result in adjustments to amounts originally recorded. Such adjustments are typically identified and recorded at the point of cash application, claim denial or account review. The Company adjusts revenue for historical trends on revenue adjustments due to timely filings, deaths, hospice, and other types of analyzable adjustments on a monthly basis to record rental revenue at the expected collectible amounts. Accounts receivable are reduced by an allowance for doubtful accounts which provides for those accounts from which payment is not expected to be received although product was delivered and revenue was earned. The determination that an account is uncollectable, and the ultimate write-off of that account occurs once collection is considered to be highly unlikely, and it is written-off and charged to the allowance at that time. Amounts billed but not earned due to the timing of the billing cycle are deferred and recognized in revenue on a straight-line basis over the monthly billing period. For example, if the first day of the billing period does not fall on the first of the month, then a portion of the monthly billing period will fall in the subsequent month and the related revenue and cost would be deferred based on the service days in the following month. The lease agreements generally contain lease and non-lease components. Non-lease components primarily include payments for supplies. The Company elected the practical expedient to treat the lease and non-lease components as a single lease component. Rental revenue is recognized as earned, less estimated adjustments. Revenue not billed at the end of the period is reviewed for the likelihood of collections and accrued. The rental revenue stream is not guaranteed, and payment will cease if the patient no longer needs oxygen or returns the equipment. Revenue recognized is at full estimated allowable amounts; transfers to secondary insurances or patient responsibility have no net effect on revenue. Rental revenue is earned for that entire month if the patient is on service on the first day of the 30-day period commencing on the recurring date of service for a particular claim, regardless if there is a change in condition or death after that date. Included in rental revenue are unbilled amounts for which the revenue recognition criteria had been met as of period-end but were not yet billed to the payor. The estimate of net unbilled rental revenue recognized is based on historical trends and estimates of future collectability. In addition, the Company estimates potential future adjustments and write-offs of these unbilled amounts and includes these estimates in the allowance for adjustments and write-offs of rental revenue which is netted against gross receivables. |
Fair Value Accounting | Fair value accounting ASC 820 — Fair Value Measurements and Disclosures Level input Input definition Level 1 Inputs are unadjusted, quoted prices for identical assets or liabilities in active markets at the measurement date. Level 2 Inputs, other than quoted prices included in Level 1, that are observable for the asset or liability through corroboration with market data at the measurement date. Level 3 Unobservable inputs that reflect management’s best estimate of what market participants would use in pricing the asset or liability at the measurement date. The Company’s financial instruments consist of cash and cash equivalents, marketable securities, accounts receivable, accounts payable and accrued expenses. The carrying values of its financial instruments approximate fair value based on their short-term nature. Fair value of financial instruments The Company obtained the fair value of its available-for-sale investments, which are not in active markets, from a third-party professional pricing service using quoted market prices for identical or comparable instruments, rather than direct observations of quoted prices in active markets. The Company's professional pricing service gathers observable inputs for all of its fixed income securities from a variety of industry data providers (e.g., large custodial institutions) and other third-party sources. Once the observable inputs are gathered, all data points are considered, and the fair value is determined. The Company validates the quoted market prices provided by its primary pricing service by comparing their assessment of the fair values against the fair values provided by its investment managers. The Company's investment managers use similar techniques to its professional pricing service to derive pricing as described above. As all significant inputs were observable, derived from observable information in the marketplace or supported by observable levels at which transactions are executed in the marketplace, the Company has classified its marketable securities within Level 2 of the fair value hierarchy. The following table summarizes fair value measurements by level for the assets measured at fair value on a recurring basis for cash, cash equivalents and marketable securities: As of December 31, 2019 Gross Cash Adjusted unrealized and cash Marketable (amounts in thousands) cost gains Fair value equivalents securities Cash $ 51,560 $ — $ 51,560 $ 51,560 $ — Level 1: Money market accounts 146,477 — 146,477 146,477 — Level 2: Corporate bonds 2,011 2 2,013 — 2,013 U.S. Treasury securities 9,038 6 9,044 — 9,044 Total $ 209,086 $ 8 $ 209,094 $ 198,037 $ 11,057 As of December 31, 2018 Gross Cash Adjusted unrealized and cash Marketable (amounts in thousands) cost gains (losses) Fair value equivalents securities Cash $ 33,671 $ — $ 33,671 $ 33,671 $ — Level 1: Money market accounts 158,438 — 158,438 158,438 — Level 2: Corporate bonds 13,629 (16 ) 13,613 — 13,613 U.S. Treasury securities 34,620 7 34,627 4,525 30,102 Total $ 240,358 $ (9 ) $ 240,349 $ 196,634 $ 43,715 The following table summarizes the estimated fair value of the Company’s investments in marketable securities, classified by the contractual maturity date of the securities: December 31, (amounts in thousands) 2019 Due within one year $ 11,057 Due in one year through five years — Total $ 11,057 |
Fair Value of Derivative Instruments and Hedging Activities | Fair value of derivative instruments and hedging activities The Company transacts business in foreign currencies and has international sales and expenses denominated in foreign currencies, subjecting the Company to foreign currency risk. The Company has entered into foreign currency forward contracts, generally with maturities of twelve months or less, to reduce the volatility of cash flows primarily related to forecasted revenue denominated in certain foreign currencies. These contracts allow the Company to sell Euros in exchange for U.S. dollars at specified contract rates. Forward contracts are used to hedge forecasted sales over specific months. Changes in the fair value of these forward contracts designed as cash flow hedges are recorded as a component of accumulated other comprehensive income within stockholders’ equity and are recognized in the consolidated statements of comprehensive income during the period which approximates the time the corresponding sales occur. The Company may also enter into foreign exchange contracts that are not designated as hedging instruments for financial accounting purposes. These contracts are generally entered into to offset the gains and losses on certain asset and liability balances until the expected time of repayment. Accordingly, any gains or losses resulting from changes in the fair value of the non-designated contracts are reported in other expense, net in the consolidated statements of comprehensive income. The gains and losses on these contracts generally offset the gains and losses associated with the underlying foreign currency-denominated balances, which are also reported in other income (expense), net. The Company records the assets or liabilities associated with derivative instruments and hedging activities at fair value based on Level 2 inputs in other current assets or other current liabilities, respectively, in the consolidated balance sheet. The Company had a related payable of $514 and a related receivable of $472 as of December 31, 2019 and 2018, respectively. The Company classifies the foreign currency derivative instruments within Level 2 in the fair value hierarchy as the valuation inputs are based on quoted prices and market observable data of whether it is designated and qualifies for hedge accounting. The Company documents the hedging relationship and its risk management objective and strategy for undertaking the hedge, the hedging instrument, the hedged transaction, the nature of the risk being hedged, how the hedging instrument’s effectiveness in offsetting the hedged risk will be assessed prospectively and retrospectively, and a description of the method used to measure ineffectiveness. The Company assesses hedge effectiveness and ineffectiveness at a minimum quarterly but may assess it monthly. For derivative instruments that are designed and qualify as part of a cash flow hedging relationship, the effective portion of the gain or loss on the derivative is reported in other comprehensive income (loss) and reclassified into earnings in the same periods during which the hedged transaction affects earnings. Gains and losses on the derivative representing either hedge ineffectiveness or hedge components excluded from the assessment of effectiveness are recognized in current period earnings. The Company will discontinue hedge accounting prospectively when it determines that the derivative is no longer effective in offsetting cash flows attributable to the hedge risk. The cash flow hedge is de-designated because a forecasted transaction is not probable of occurring, or management determines to remove the designation of the cash flow hedge. In all situations in which hedge accounting is discontinued and the derivative remains outstanding, the Company continues to carry the derivative at its fair value on the balance sheet and recognizes any subsequent changes in the fair value in earnings. When it is probable that a forecasted transaction will not occur, the Company will discontinue hedge accounting and recognize immediately in earnings gains and losses that were accumulated in other comprehensive income related to the hedging relationship. |
Fair Value of Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss) | Fair value of accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) The components of accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) were as follows: As of December 31, 2019 Foreign Unrealized Unrealized Accumulated currency gains on gains (losses) other translation marketable on cash comprehensive (amounts in thousands) adjustments securities flow hedges income (loss) Balance as of December 31, 2018 $ 394 $ — $ 330 $ 724 Other comprehensive income (loss) (123 ) 6 (694 ) (811 ) Balance as of December 31, 2019 $ 271 $ 6 $ (364 ) $ (87 ) As of December 31, 2018 Foreign Unrealized Unrealized Accumulated currency gains (losses) on gains (losses) other translation marketable on cash comprehensive (amounts in thousands) adjustments securities flow hedges income Balance as of December 31, 2017 $ 363 $ (17 ) $ (74 ) $ 272 Other comprehensive income 31 17 404 452 Balance as of December 31, 2018 $ 394 $ — $ 330 $ 724 Comprehensive income (loss) is the total net earnings and all other non-owner changes in equity. Except for net income and unrealized gains and losses on cash flow hedges, the Company does not have any transactions or other economic events that qualify as comprehensive income (loss). |
Fair Value of Earnout Liability | Fair value of earnout liability The earnout liability will be adjusted to fair value at each reporting date until settled. At the end of each reporting period after the acquisition date, the arrangement is remeasured at its fair value, with changes in fair value recorded in earnings. Changes in fair value will be recognized in general and administrative expense. The Company has obligations to pay up to $31,400 in earnout payments in cash if certain future financial results are met. The earnout liability was valued using Level 3 inputs. The fair value of the earnout was determined by employing a Monte Carlo simulation in a risk-neutral framework. The underlying simulated variable includes recognized revenue. The recognized revenue volatility estimate was based on a study of historical asset volatility for a set of comparable public companies. The model includes other assumptions including the market price of risk, which was calculated as the weighted average cost of capital (WACC) less the long-term risk free The following table provides quantitative information about Level 3 inputs for fair value measurement of the earnout liability as of the acquisition date and December 31, 2019. Significant increases or decreases in these inputs in isolation could result in a significant impact on our fair value measurement: At acquisition As of Simulation input August 9, 2019 December 31, 2019 Revenue volatility 35.00 % 35.00 % WACC 12.50 % 13.00 % 20-year risk free rate 2.03 % 2.25 % Market price of risk 9.00 % 10.00 % The reconciliation of the earnout liability measured and carried at fair value on a recurring basis is as follows: Twelve months ended (amounts in thousands) December 31, 2019 Balance at beginning of period $ — Addition for acquisition 25,749 Change in fair value 810 Balance at end of period $ 26,559 |
Cash, Cash Equivalents, and Marketable Securities | Cash, cash equivalents, and marketable securities The Company considers all short-term highly liquid investments with a maturity of three months or less to be cash equivalents. The Company’s marketable debt securities are classified and accounted for as available-for-sale. Cash equivalents are recorded at cost plus accrued interest, which is considered adjusted cost, and approximates fair value. Marketable debt securities are included in cash equivalents and marketable securities based on the maturity date of the security. Short-term investments are included in marketable securities in the current period presentation. The Company considers investments with maturities greater than three months, but less than one year, to be marketable securities. Investments are reported at fair value with realized and unrealized gains or losses reported in other income (expense), net. The Company reviews its investments to identify and evaluate investments that have an indication of possible impairment. Factors considered in determining whether a loss is temporary include the length of time and extent to which fair value has been less than the cost basis, the financial condition and near-term prospects of the investee, and the Company's intent and ability to hold the investment for a period of time sufficient to allow for any anticipated recovery in market value. Credit losses and other-than-temporary impairments are declines in fair value that are not expected to recover and are charged to other income (expense), net. Cash, cash equivalents, and marketable securities consist of the following: (amounts in thousands) December 31, Cash and cash equivalents 2019 2018 Cash $ 51,560 $ 33,671 Money market accounts 146,477 158,438 U.S. Treasury securities — 4,525 Total cash and cash equivalents $ 198,037 $ 196,634 Marketable securities Corporate bonds 2,013 13,613 U. S. Treasury securities 9,044 30,102 Total marketable securities $ 11,057 $ 43,715 |
Accounts Receivable and Allowance for Bad Debts, Returns, and Adjustments | Accounts receivable and allowance for bad debts, returns, and adjustments Accounts receivable are customer obligations due under normal sales and rental terms. The Company performs credit evaluations of the customers’ financial condition and generally does not require collateral. The allowance for doubtful accounts is maintained at a level that, in management’s opinion, is adequate to absorb potential losses related to accounts receivable and is based upon the Company’s continuous evaluation of the collectability of outstanding balances. Management’s evaluation takes into consideration such factors as past bad debt experience, economic conditions and information about specific receivables. The Company’s evaluation also considers the age and composition of the outstanding amounts in determining their net realizable value. The allowance for doubtful accounts is based on estimates, and ultimate losses may vary from current estimates. As adjustments to these estimates become necessary, they are reported in general and administrative expense for sales revenue and as a reduction of rental revenue in the periods in which they become known. The allowance is increased by bad debt provisions, net of recoveries, and is reduced by direct write-offs. The Company generally does not allow returns from providers for reasons not covered under its standard warranty. Therefore, provision for returns applies primarily to direct-to-consumer sales. This reserve is calculated primarily based on actual historical return rates under the Company’s 30-day return program and is applied to the related sales revenue for the last month of the quarter reported. The Company also records an allowance for rental revenue adjustments which is recorded as a reduction of rental revenue and net rental accounts receivable balances. These adjustments result from contractual adjustments, audit adjustments, untimely claims filings, or billings not paid due to another provider performing same or similar functions for the patient in the same period, all of which prevent billed revenue from becoming realizable. The reserve is based on historical revenue adjustments as a percentage of rental revenue billed and unbilled during the related period. When recording the allowance for doubtful accounts for sales revenue, the bad debt expense account (general and administrative expense account) is charged; when recording allowance for sales returns, the sales returns account (contra sales revenue account) is charged; and when recording the allowances for rental reserve adjustments and doubtful accounts, the rental revenue adjustments account (contra rental revenue account) is charged. Prior to the adoption of ASC 842, the Company separately recorded an allowance for doubtful accounts by charging bad debt expense, which is now recorded as part of rental revenue adjustments during the year ended December 31, 2019. As of December 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018, included in accounts receivable on the consolidated balance sheets were earned but unbilled receivables of $590 and $589, respectively. These balances reflect gross unbilled receivables prior to any allowances for adjustments and write-offs. The Company consistently applies its allowance estimation methodology from period-to-period. The Company’s best estimate is made on an accrual basis and adjusted in future periods as required. Any adjustments to the prior period estimates are included in the current period. As additional information becomes known, the Company adjusts its assumptions accordingly to change its estimate of the allowance. For the years ended December 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018, the Company had increases of $611 and $1,757, respectively, in the provision for bad debt and revenue adjustments related to prior years. Gross accounts receivable balance concentrations by major category as of December 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018 were as follows: As of As of (amounts in thousands) December 31, 2019 December 31, 2018 Gross accounts receivable $ % $ % Rental (1) $ 3,003 8.3 % $ 3,406 8.7 % Business-to-business and other receivables (2) 33,101 91.7 % 35,656 91.3 % Total gross accounts receivable $ 36,104 100.0 % $ 39,062 100.0 % Net accounts receivable (gross accounts receivable, net of allowances) balance concentrations by major category as of December 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018 were as follows: As of As of (amounts in thousands) December 31, 2019 December 31, 2018 Net accounts receivable $ % $ % Rental (1) $ 2,464 7.2 % $ 2,413 6.5 % Business-to-business and other receivables (2) 31,861 92.8 % 34,628 93.5 % Total net accounts receivable $ 34,325 100.0 % $ 37,041 100.0 % (1) Rental includes Medicare, Medicaid/other government, private insurance and patient pay. ( 2 ) Business-to business receivables included one customer with a gross accounts receivable balance of $10,695 and $16,198 as of December 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018, respectively. This customer received extended payment terms through a direct financing plan offered. The Company also has a credit insurance policy in place, which allocated up to $20,000 in coverage as of December 31, 2019 and allocated up to $18,000 in coverage as of December 31, 2018 for this customer with a $400 deductible and 10% retention. The following table sets forth the percentage breakdown of the Company’s net accounts receivable (gross accounts receivable net of allowances) by aging category by invoice due date as of December 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018. As of As of (amounts in thousands) December 31, 2019 December 31, 2018 Net accounts receivable by aging category $ % $ % Held and Unbilled $ 294 0.8 % $ 80 0.2 % Aged 0-90 days 33,427 97.4 % 36,245 97.9 % Aged 91-180 days 343 1.0 % 425 1.1 % Aged 181-365 days 261 0.8 % 234 0.6 % Aged over 365 days — 0.0 % 57 0.2 % Total net accounts receivable $ 34,325 100.0 % $ 37,041 100.0 % The following table sets forth the accounts receivable allowances as of December 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018: As of As of (amounts in thousands) December 31, 2019 December 31, 2018 Allowances - accounts receivable $ % $ % Doubtful accounts (1) $ 205 0.6 % $ 693 1.8 % Rental revenue adjustments (1) 411 1.1 % 438 1.1 % Sales returns 1,163 3.2 % 890 2.3 % Total allowances - accounts receivable $ 1,779 4.9 % $ 2,021 5.2 % (1) Prior to the adoption of ASC 842, the Company separately recorded an allowance for doubtful accounts by charging bad debt expense. Upon adoption of ASC 842, such balances are recorded as part of rental revenue adjustments to report rental revenue at an expected collectible amount. |
Concentration of Credit Risk | Concentration of credit risk Financial instruments that potentially subject the Company to concentration of credit risk consist principally of cash, cash equivalents, marketable securities and accounts receivable. At times, cash account balances may be in excess of the amounts insured by the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (FDIC). However, management believes the risk of loss to be minimal. The Company performs periodic evaluations of the relative credit standing of these institutions and has not experienced any losses on its cash and cash equivalents to date. The Company has also entered into hedging relationships with a single counterparty to offset the forecasted Euro-based revenues. The credit risk has been reduced due to a net settlement arrangement whereby the Company is allowed to net settle transactions with a single net amount payable by one party to the other. |
Concentration of Customers and Vendors | Concentration of customers and vendors The Company primarily sells its products to traditional home medical equipment providers, distributors, and resellers in the United States and in foreign countries on a credit basis. The Company also sells its products direct-to-consumers on a primarily prepayment basis. No single customer represented more than 10% of the Company’s total revenue for the year ended December 31, 2019. One single customer represented more than 10% of the Company’s total revenue for the years ended December 31, 2018 and 2017. Two customers each represented more than 10% of the Company’s net accounts receivable balance with accounts receivable balances of $10,695 and $5,228, respectively, as of December 31, 2019, and $16,198 and $4,155, respectively, as of December 31, 2018. The Company currently purchases raw materials from a limited number of vendors, which resulted in a concentration of three major vendors. The three major vendors supply the Company with raw materials used to manufacture the Company’s products. For the year ended December 31, 2019, the Company’s three major vendors accounted for 23.2%, 13.9% and 9.4%, respectively, of total raw material purchases. For the year ended December 31, 2018, the Company’s three major vendors accounted for 20.0%, 11.9% and 10.2%, respectively, of total raw material purchases. A portion of revenue is earned from sales outside the United States. Approximately 70.2% and 74.8% of the non-U.S. revenue for the years ended December 31, 2019 and 2018, respectively, were invoiced in Euros. A breakdown of the Company’s revenue from U.S. and non-U.S. sources for the years ended December 31, 2019, 2018 and 2017, respectively, is as follows: Years ended December 31, (amounts in thousands) 2019 2018 2017 U.S. revenue $ 283,983 $ 280,778 $ 193,919 Non-U.S. revenue 77,960 77,333 55,519 Total revenue $ 361,943 $ 358,111 $ 249,438 |
Inventories | Inventories Inventories are stated at the lower of cost and net realizable value. Cost is determined using a standard cost method, including material, labor and manufacturing overhead, whereby the standard costs are updated at least quarterly to reflect approximate actual costs using the first-in, first-out (FIFO) method. The Company records adjustments at least quarterly to inventory for potentially excess, obsolete, slow-moving or impaired items. The Company recorded noncurrent inventory related to inventories that are expected to be realized or consumed after one year of $1,076 and $1,085 as of December 31, 2019 and 2018, respectively. Noncurrent inventories are primarily related to raw materials purchased in bulk to support long-term expected repairs to reduce costs and are classified in other assets. December 31, (amounts in thousands) 2019 2018 Raw materials and work-in-progress $ 31,676 $ 24,980 Finished goods 5,174 2,756 Less: reserves (1,186 ) (665 ) Inventories, net $ 35,664 $ 27,071 |
Property and Equipment | Property and equipment Property and equipment are stated at cost. Depreciation and amortization are calculated using the straight-line method over the assets’ estimated useful lives as follows: Rental equipment 1.5-5 years Manufacturing equipment and tooling 3-5 years Computer equipment and software 2-3 years Furniture and equipment 3-5 years Leasehold improvements Lesser of estimated useful life or remaining lease term Expenditures for additions, improvements and replacements are capitalized and depreciated to a salvage value of $0. Repair and maintenance costs on rental equipment are included in cost of rental revenue on the consolidated statements of comprehensive income. Repair and maintenance expense, which includes labor, parts and freight, for rental equipment was $2,854, $2,289 and $2,385 for the years ended December 31, 2019, 2018 and 2017, respectively. Included within property and equipment is construction in process, primarily related to the design and engineering of tooling, jigs and other machinery. In addition, this item also includes computer software or development costs that have been purchased but have not completed the final configuration process for implementation into the Company’s systems. These items have not been placed in service; therefore, no depreciation or amortization was recognized for these items in the respective periods. Depreciation and amortization expense related to rental equipment and other property and equipment are summarized below for the years ended December 31, 2019, 2018 and 2017, respectively. Years ended December 31, (amounts in thousands) 2019 2018 2017 Rental equipment $ 6,253 $ 7,567 $ 9,835 Other property and equipment 3,421 2,463 1,960 Total depreciation and amortization $ 9,674 $ 10,030 $ 11,795 Property and equipment and rental equipment with associated accumulated depreciation is summarized below as of December 31, 2019 and 2018, respectively. (amounts in thousands) December 31, Property and equipment 2019 2018 Rental equipment, net of allowances of $395 and $594, respectively $ 39,308 $ 43,038 Other property and equipment 24,986 21,596 Property and equipment 64,294 64,634 Accumulated depreciation Rental equipment 30,984 31,813 Other property and equipment 13,872 10,480 Accumulated depreciation 44,856 42,293 Property and equipment, net Rental equipment, net of allowances of $395 and $594, respectively 8,324 11,225 Other property and equipment 11,114 11,116 Property and equipment, net $ 19,438 $ 22,341 |
Long-lived Assets | Long-lived assets The Company accounts for the impairment and disposition of long-lived assets in accordance with ASC 360 — Property, Plant, and Equipment |
Goodwill and Intangible Assets | Goodwill and intangible assets Goodwill is tested for impairment on an annual basis as of October 1. Interim testing of goodwill for impairment is also required whenever an event occurs or circumstances change that would more likely than not reduce the fair value of a reporting unit or asset below its carrying amount. No impairments were recorded as of December 31, 2019 and 2018. Finite-lived intangible assets are amortized over their useful lives and are tested for recoverability whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount may not be recoverable. Technology, customer relationships and non-compete agreements are amortized using the straight-line method. |
Business Combinations | Business combinations The results of operations of the businesses acquired by the Company are included as of the acquisition date. The purchase price of an acquisition is allocated to the underlying assets acquired and liabilities assumed based upon their estimated fair values at the date of acquisition. To the extent the purchase price exceeds the fair value of the net identifiable tangible and intangible assets acquired and liabilities assumed, such excess is allocated to goodwill. The Company may adjust the preliminary purchase price allocation, as necessary, for up to one year after the acquisition closing date if it obtains more information regarding asset valuations and liabilities assumed. Acquisition-related expenses are recognized separately from the business combination and are expensed as incurred. |
Leases | Leases The Company determines if an arrangement is a lease at inception. Operating leases are included in operating lease right-of-use (ROU) assets, operating lease liability – current, and operating lease liability – noncurrent on the consolidated balance sheets. ROU assets represent the Company’s right to use an underlying asset for the lease term and lease liabilities represent the Company’s obligation to make lease payments arising from the lease. Operating lease ROU assets and liabilities are recognized at commencement date based on the present value of lease payments over the lease term. The Company uses an incremental borrowing rate based on the information available at commencement date in determining the present value of lease payments as the rate implicit in each lease is generally not readily determinable. The operating lease ROU asset also includes any lease payments made to the lessor at or before the commencement date and excludes lease incentives. Lease terms may include options to extend or terminate the lease when it is reasonably certain that the Company will exercise that option. Lease expense for lease payments is recognized on a straight-line basis over the lease term. The Company has lease agreements with lease and non-lease components. The Company elected the practical expedient to treat the lease and non-lease components as a single lease component. Additionally, the Company elected the practical expedient to not record leases with an initial term of twelve months or less on the consolidated balance sheets. |
Loss Contingencies | Loss contingencies The Company is involved in various lawsuits, claims, investigations, and proceedings that arise in the ordinary course of business. The Company records a liability when it believes that it is both probable that a loss has been incurred and the amount can be reasonably estimated. Significant judgment is required to determine both probability and the estimated amount. The Company reviews at least quarterly and adjusts accordingly to reflect the impact of negotiations, settlements, rulings, advice of legal counsel, and updated information. At this time, the Company has no accrual related to lawsuits, claims, investigations and proceedings. |
Research and Development | Research and development Research and development costs are expensed as incurred. |
Advertising Costs | Advertising costs Advertising costs, which approximated $40,251, $30,755 and $12,511 during the years ended December 31, 2019, 2018 and 2017, respectively, are expensed as incurred, excluding the production costs of direct response advertising. Advertising costs are included in sales and marketing expense in the accompanying consolidated statements of comprehensive income. |
Income Taxes | Income taxes The Company accounts for income taxes in accordance with ASC 740 — Income Taxes The Company accounts for uncertainties in income tax in accordance with ASC 740-10 — Accounting for Uncertainty in Income Taxes The Company recognizes interest and penalties on taxes, if any, within its income tax provision on its consolidated statements of comprehensive income . |
Accounting for Stock-Based Compensation | Accounting for stock-based compensation The Company accounts for its stock-based compensation in accordance with ASC 718 — Compensation—Stock Compensation As part of the provisions of ASC 718, the Company is required to estimate potential forfeitures of stock grants and adjust compensation cost recorded accordingly. The estimate of forfeitures will be adjusted over the requisite service period to the extent that actual forfeitures differ, or are expected to differ, from such estimates. Changes in estimated forfeitures will be recognized through a cumulative catch-up adjustment in the period of change and will also impact the amount of stock compensation expense to be recognized in future periods. |
Foreign Currency | Foreign currency The functional currency of the Company’s international subsidiary is the local currency. The financial statements of the subsidiary are translated to U.S. dollars using month-end exchange rates for assets and liabilities and average exchange rates for revenue, cost of revenue, operating expense and provision for income taxes. Translation gains and losses are recorded in accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) as a component of stockholders’ equity. Foreign exchange transaction gains and losses resulting from the conversion of the transaction currency to functional currency are reflected as a component of foreign currency exchange gains or losses in other income (expense) in the consolidated statements of comprehensive income. |
Earnings Per Share | Earnings per share Earnings per share (EPS) is computed in accordance with ASC 260 — Earnings per Share Basic earnings per share is calculated using the Company’s weighted-average outstanding common shares. Diluted earnings per share is calculated using the Company’s weighted-average outstanding common shares including the dilutive effect of stock awards as determined under the treasury stock method. The computation of EPS is as follows: Years ended December 31, (amounts in thousands, except share and per share amounts) 2019 2018 2017 Numerator—basic and diluted: Net income $ 20,950 $ 51,845 $ 21,002 Denominator: Weighted-average common shares - basic common stock (1) 21,821,104 21,266,696 20,683,807 Weighted-average common shares - diluted common stock 22,241,064 22,514,513 21,897,988 Net income per share - basic common stock $ 0.96 $ 2.44 $ 1.02 Net income per share - diluted common stock $ 0.94 $ 2.30 $ 0.96 Denominator calculation from basic to diluted: Weighted-average common shares - basic common stock (1) 21,821,104 21,266,696 20,683,807 Stock options and other dilutive awards 419,960 1,247,817 1,214,181 Weighted-average common shares - diluted common stock 22,241,064 22,514,513 21,897,988 Shares excluded from diluted weighted-average shares: Stock options 53,888 — 37,249 Restricted stock units and restricted stock awards 169,305 39,330 26,064 Shares excluded from diluted weighted-average shares 223,193 39,330 63,313 (1) Unvested restricted stock units and restricted stock awards are not included as shares outstanding in the calculation of basic earnings per share. Vested restricted stock units and restricted stock awards are included in basic earnings per share if all vesting and performance criteria have been met. Performance-based restricted stock units and restricted stock awards are included in the number of shares used to calculate diluted earnings per share as long as all applicable performance criteria are met, and their effect is dilutive. Restricted stock awards are eligible to receive all dividends declared on the Company’s common shares during the vesting period; however, such dividends are not paid until the restrictions lapse. The computations of diluted net income attributable to common stockholders excluded common stock options, restricted stock units, and restricted stock awards, which were anti-dilutive for the years ended December 31, 2019, 2018 and 2017. |
Business Segments | Business segments The Company operates and reports in only one operating and reportable segment – development, manufacturing, marketing, sales, and rental of respiratory products. Management reports financial information on a consolidated basis to the Company’s chief operating decision maker. |
Recently Issued Accounting Pronouncements Not Yet Adopted | Recently issued accounting pronouncements not yet adopted In June 2016, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB) issued Accounting Standards Update (ASU) No. 2016-13, Accounting for Credit Losses (Topic 326) In January 2017, the FASB issued ASU No. 2017-04, Simplifying the Test for Goodwill Impairment In August 2018, the FASB issued ASU No. 2018-13, Fair Value Measurement (Topic 820): Disclosure Framework – Changes to the Disclosure Requirements for Fair Value Measurement . The new guidance modifies the disclosure requirements on fair value measurements. The ASU is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2019, with early adoption permitted. While the Company continues to evaluate the effect of adopting this guidance, the Company expects the fair value disclosures related to financial instruments, derivative instruments and hedging activities and earnout liabilities will be subject to the new standard. In December 2019, the FASB issued ASU No. 2019-12, Income Taxes (Topic 740): Simplifying the Accounting for Income Taxes. The new guidance simplifies the accounting for income taxes by removing certain exceptions to the general principles in Topic 740. The new guidance also improves consistent application of and simplifies US GAAP for other areas of Topic 740 by clarifying and amending the existing guidance. currently evaluating the effect of the new guidance. |
Recently Adopted Accounting Pronouncements | Recently adopted accounting pronouncements In February 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 2016-02, Leases (Topic 842) . In August 2017, the FASB issued ASU No. 2017-12, Derivatives and Hedging In January 2018, the FASB issued ASU No. 2018-02, Reclassification of Certain Tax Effects from Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income In June 2018, the FASB issued ASU No. 2018-07, Compensation - Stock Compensation (Topic 718): Improvements to Nonemployee Share-Based Payment Accounting |
Prior Period Reclassifications | Prior period reclassifications Certain amounts in prior periods have been reclassified to conform with current period presentation. |