Loans | Note 6. Loans The Company has several lending lines of business including: small business loans (“SBLs”), comprised primarily of SBA loans; direct lease financing primarily for commercial vehicles and to a lesser extent equipment; SBLOC collateralized by marketable securities; IBLOC collateralized by the cash value of eligible life insurance policies; and investment advisor financing for purposes of debt refinance, acquisition of another firm or internal succession. Prior to 2020, the Company also originated commercial real estate bridge loans for sale into securitizations. At origination, the Company elected fair value treatment for these loans as they were originally held-for-sale, to better reflect the economics of the transactions. In 2020, the Company decided to retain these loans on its balance sheet and currently intends to continue to do so. Therefore, these loans are no longer accounted for as held-for-sale, but the Company continues to present them at fair value. At June 30, 2023, such loans comprised $ 262.5 million of the $ 396.6 million of commercial loans, at fair value, with the balance comprised of SBA loans also previously held for sale. The amortized cost of the $ 396.6 million commercial loans at fair value was $ 398.5 million. Included in “Net realized and unrealized gains (losses) on commercial loans, at fair value” in the consolidated statements of operations are changes in the estimated fair value of such loans. For the six months ended June 30, 2023, related net unrealized losses recognized for changes in fair value were $ 1.3 million, $ 365,000 of which reflected losses attributable to credit weaknesses. For the six months ended June 30, 2022, net unrealized losses recognized for such changes in fair value were $ 1.5 million, which reflected $ 650,000 of loss attributable to credit weaknesses. In the third quarter of 2021, the Company resumed the origination of commercial real estate bridge loans which it also intends to hold for investment and which are accounted for at amortized cost. They are captioned as REBLs as they are transitional commercial mortgage loans which are made to improve and rehabilitate existing properties which already have cash flow. The Bank has pledged the majority of its loans held for investment at amortized cost and commercial loans at fair value to either the FHLB or the Federal Reserve Bank for lines of credit with those institutions. The FHLB and FRB lines are periodically utilized to manage liquidity. The amount of loans pledged varies and the collateral may be unpledged at any time to the extent the collateral exceeds advances. The lines are maintained consistent with the Bank’s liquidity policy which maximizes potential liquidity. At June 30, 2023, $ 2.72 billion of loans were pledged to the Federal Reserve Bank and $ 1.10 billion of loans were pledged to the FHLB. There were no balances against these lines at June 30, 2023 . Prior to 2020, the Company sponsored the structuring of commercial mortgage loan securitizations, and in 2020, the Company decided not to pursue additional securitizations. The loans previously sold to the commercial mortgage-backed securitizations were transitional commercial mortgage loans made to improve and rehabilitate existing properties which already had cash flow. Servicing rights were not retained. Each of the securitizations is considered a variable interest entity of which the Company is not the primary beneficiary. Further, true sale accounting has been applicable to each of the securitizations, as supported by a review performed by an independent third-party consultant. In each of the securitizations, the Company obtained a tranche of certificates which are accounted for as available-for-sale debt securities. The securities were recorded at fair value at acquisition, which was determined by an independent third-party based on the discounted cash flow method using unobservable (level 3) inputs. Of the six securities purchased by the Bank from our securitizations, all have been repaid except one issued by CRE-2. As of June 30, 2023, the principal balance of the Bank’s CRE-2-issued security was $ 12.6 million and it is subordinate to the repayment of a senior tranche with a remaining balance of $ 3.3 million. A total of $ 15.9 million plus trustee fees and late charges is required to repay the Bank tranche. The collateral remaining to repay the $ 15.9 million consists of a suburban office building in New Jersey and a retail facility in Missouri, the combined most recent appraisals for which total $ 33.0 million. The excess of the $ 33.0 million appraised value over the $ 15.9 million provides repayment protection for the Bank-owned tranche. Efforts to resolve the New Jersey suburban office loan and stabilize the property have not been successful to date. A 2023 broker’s opinion of the property’s liquidation value was $ 20.9 million versus a loan balance of $ 24.5 million. Negotiations with the borrower continue, with no plan for immediate liquidation. The Missouri retail facility is also not yet stabilized, and the special servicer expects to market the property for liquidation in 2023. The March 9, 2023 appraised value of the property was $ 12.1 million versus a loan balance of $ 16.3 million. Since borrowers are no longer making payments, accrued interest and the Bank’s remaining $ 12.6 million are not expected to be repaid until collateral liquidation. The Company analyzes credit risk prior to making loans on an individual loan basis. The Company considers relevant aspects of the borrowers’ financial position and cash flow, past borrower performance, management’s knowledge of market conditions, collateral and the ratio of loan amounts to estimated collateral value in making its credit determinations. Major classifications of loans, excluding commercial loans at fair value, are as follows (in thousands): June 30, December 31, 2023 2022 SBL non-real estate $ 117,621 $ 108,954 SBL commercial mortgage 515,008 474,496 SBL construction 32,471 30,864 SBLs 665,100 614,314 Direct lease financing 657,316 632,160 SBLOC / IBLOC (1) 1,883,607 2,332,469 Advisor financing (2) 173,376 172,468 Real estate bridge loans 1,826,227 1,669,031 Other loans (3) 55,644 61,679 5,261,270 5,482,121 Unamortized loan fees and costs 6,304 4,732 Total loans, including unamortized loan fees and costs $ 5,267,574 $ 5,486,853 June 30, December 31, 2023 2022 SBLs, including costs net of deferred fees of $ 8,567 and $ 7,327 for June 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, respectively $ 673,667 $ 621,641 SBLs included in commercial loans, at fair value 134,131 146,717 Total SBLs (4) $ 807,798 $ 768,358 (1) SBLOC are collateralized by marketable securities, while IBLOC are collateralized by the cash surrender value of insurance policies. At June 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, IBLOC loans amounted to $ 806.1 million and $ 1.12 billion, respectively. (2) In 2020, the Bank began originating loans to investment advisors for purposes of debt refinancing, acquisition of another firm or internal succession. Maximum loan amounts are subject to loan-to-value ratios of 70 %, based on third-party business appraisals, but may be increased depending upon the debt service coverage ratio. Personal guarantees and blanket business liens are obtained as appropriate. (3) Includes demand deposit overdrafts reclassified as loan balances totaling $ 403,000 and $ 2.6 million at June 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, respectively. Estimated overdraft charge-offs and recoveries are reflected in the ACL and are immaterial. (4) The SBLs held at fair value are comprised of the government guaranteed portion of 7(a) Program (as defined below) loans at the dates indicated. The following table provides information about loans individually evaluated for credit loss at June 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022 (in thousands). Legacy commercial real estate is comprised of commercial loans made by the Philadelphia commercial loan division which was discontinued. June 30, 2023 Recorded investment Unpaid principal balance Related ACL Average recorded investment Interest income recognized Without an ACL recorded SBL non-real estate $ 458 $ 2,546 $ — $ 319 $ — SBL commercial mortgage 966 966 — 521 — Direct lease financing 53 53 — 35 — Legacy commercial real estate 3,552 3,552 — 3,552 — Consumer - home equity 234 234 — 272 5 With an ACL recorded SBL non-real estate 848 848 ( 589 ) 914 1 SBL commercial mortgage 2,103 2,103 ( 494 ) 2,006 — SBL construction 3,385 3,385 ( 44 ) 3,386 — Direct lease financing 2,334 3,146 ( 1,254 ) 2,404 — Other loans 412 412 ( 11 ) 551 — Total SBL non-real estate 1,306 3,394 ( 589 ) 1,233 1 SBL commercial mortgage 3,069 3,069 ( 494 ) 2,527 — SBL construction 3,385 3,385 ( 44 ) 3,386 — Direct lease financing 2,387 3,199 ( 1,254 ) 2,439 — Legacy commercial real estate and Other loans 3,964 3,964 ( 11 ) 4,103 — Consumer - home equity 234 234 — 272 5 $ 14,345 $ 17,245 $ ( 2,392 ) $ 13,960 $ 6 December 31, 2022 Recorded investment Unpaid principal balance Related ACL Average recorded investment Interest income recognized Without an ACL recorded SBL non-real estate $ 400 $ 2,762 $ — $ 388 $ — SBL commercial mortgage — — — 45 — Direct lease financing — — — 52 — Legacy commercial real estate 3,552 3,552 — 1,421 150 Consumer - home equity 295 295 — 306 9 With an ACL recorded SBL non-real estate 974 974 ( 525 ) 1,237 7 SBL commercial mortgage 1,423 1,423 ( 441 ) 1,090 — SBL construction 3,386 3,386 ( 153 ) 1,245 — Direct lease financing 3,550 3,550 ( 933 ) 710 — Other loans 692 692 ( 15 ) 1,923 — Total SBL non-real estate 1,374 3,736 ( 525 ) 1,625 7 SBL commercial mortgage 1,423 1,423 ( 441 ) 1,135 — SBL construction 3,386 3,386 ( 153 ) 1,245 — Direct lease financing 3,550 3,550 ( 933 ) 762 — Legacy commercial real estate and Other loans 4,244 4,244 ( 15 ) 3,344 150 Consumer - home equity 295 295 — 306 9 $ 14,272 $ 16,634 $ ( 2,067 ) $ 8,417 $ 166 The l oan r eview department recommend s n on-accrual status for loans to the surveillance committee, where interest income appears to be uncollectible or a protracted delay in collection becomes evident. The surveillance committee further vets and approves the non-accrual status. The following table summarizes non-accrual loans with and without an ACL as of the periods indicated (in thousands): June 30, 2023 December 31, 2022 Non-accrual loans with a related ACL Non-accrual loans without a related ACL Total non-accrual loans Total non-accrual loans SBL non-real estate $ 764 $ 458 $ 1,222 $ 1,249 SBL commercial mortgage 2,103 966 3,069 1,423 SBL construction 3,385 — 3,385 3,386 Direct leasing 2,334 53 2,387 3,550 Consumer - home equity — — — 56 Legacy commercial real estate and Other loans 412 3,552 3,964 692 $ 8,998 $ 5,029 $ 14,027 $ 10,356 The Company had $ 21.0 million of other real estate owned (“OREO”) at June 30, 2023 and $ 21.2 million of OREO at December 31, 2022. The following table summarizes the Company’s non-accrual loans, loans past due 90 days or more, and OREO at June 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, respectively: June 30, December 31, 2023 2022 (Dollars in thousands) Non-accrual loans SBL non-real estate $ 1,222 $ 1,249 SBL commercial mortgage 3,069 1,423 SBL construction 3,385 3,386 Direct leasing 2,387 3,550 Legacy commercial real estate and Other loans 3,964 692 Consumer - home equity — 56 Total non-accrual loans 14,027 10,356 Loans past due 90 days or more and still accruing 563 7,775 Total non-performing loans 14,590 18,131 OREO 20,952 21,210 Total non-performing assets $ 35,542 $ 39,341 Interest which would have been earned on loans classified as non-accrual for the six months ended June 30, 2023 and 2022, was $ 399,000 and $ 68,000 , respectively. No income on non-accrual loans was recognized during the six months ended June 30, 2023. In the six months ended June 30, 2023, $ 89,000 of legacy commercial real estate, $ 89,000 of SBL commercial real estate, $ 3,000 of SBL non-real estate, and $ 50,000 of direct leasing were reversed from interest income, which represented interest accrued on loans placed into non-accrual status during the period . In the six months ended June 30, 2022, $ 139,000 of SBL commercial real estate and $ 59,000 of SBL non-real estate was reversed from interest income, which represented interest accrued on loans placed into non-accrual status during the period. Material amounts of non-accrual interest reversals are charged to the ACL, but such amounts were not material in either the six months ended June 30, 2023 or 2022. Effective January 1, 2023 loan modifications to borrowers experiencing financial difficulty are required to be disclosed by type of modification and by type of loan. Prior accounting guidance classified loans which were modified as troubled debt restructurings only if the modification reflected a concession from the lender in the form of a below market interest rate or other concession in addition to borrower financial difficulty. Under the new guidance, loans with modifications will be reported whether a concession is made or not. Loans previously classified as troubled debt restructurings will continue to be reported in the following tables and loans with modifications made after January 1, 2023 will be reported under the new loan modification guidance . As of June 30, 2023 loans modified and related information are as follows (dollars in thousands): June 30, 2023 Interest rate reduction Term extension Payment delay as a result of a payment deferral Interest rate reduction and payment deferral Payment delay and term extension Payment delay, term extension and interest rate reduction Percent of total class of financing receivable SBL non-real estate $ — $ — $ 180 $ — $ — $ — Direct lease financing — — — — — — SBL commercial mortgage — — — — — — Other loans — — — — — — Consumer - home equity — — — — — — Total $ — $ — $ 180 $ — $ — $ — 0 The following table shows an analysis of loans that were modified during the twelve months prior to June 30, 2023 presented by loan classification (dollars in thousands): Payment Status (Amortized Cost Basis) 30-59 Days 60-89 Days 90+ Days Total past due past due still accruing Non-accrual delinquent Current Total SBL non-real estate $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — $ 180 $ 180 SBL commercial mortgage — — — — — — — Other loans — — — — — — — Consumer - home equity — — — — — — — $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — $ 180 $ 180 There was one modified loan in the table above, for $ 180,000 , which had a $ 2,200 reduction in monthly payment for 6 months, which constituted the average reduction. Under previous accounting guidance which was effective through December 31, 2022, the Company’s loans that were modified as of June 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022 and considered troubled debt restructurings are as follows (dollars in thousands): June 30, 2023 December 31, 2022 Number Pre-modification recorded investment Post-modification recorded investment Number Pre-modification recorded investment Post-modification recorded investment SBL non-real estate 6 $ 551 $ 551 8 $ 650 $ 650 SBL commercial mortgage 1 834 834 1 834 834 Legacy commercial real estate 1 3,552 3,552 1 3,552 3,552 Consumer - home equity 1 234 234 1 239 239 Total (1) 9 $ 5,171 $ 5,171 11 $ 5,275 $ 5,275 (1) Troubled debt restructurings included non-accrual loans of $ 4.9 million and $ 1.4 million at June 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, respectively. The balances below provide information as to how the loans were modified as troubled debt restructuring loans as of June 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022 (in thousands): June 30, 2023 December 31, 2022 Adjusted interest rate Extended maturity Combined rate and maturity Adjusted interest rate Extended maturity Combined rate and maturity SBL non-real estate $ — $ — $ 551 $ — $ — $ 650 SBL commercial mortgage — — 834 — — 834 Legacy commercial real estate — — 3,552 — — 3,552 Consumer - home equity — — 234 — — 239 Total (1) $ — $ — $ 5,171 $ — $ — $ 5,275 (1) Troubled debt restructurings included non-accrual loans of $ 4.9 million and $ 1.4 million at June 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, respectively. The Company had no commitments to extend additional credit to loans classified as either modified or troubled debt restructurings as of June 30, 2023 or December 31, 2022. Under the previous accounting guidance explained above, when loans were classified as troubled debt restructurings, the Company estimated the value of underlying collateral and repayment sources. A specific reserve in the ACL was established if the collateral valuation, less estimated disposition costs, was lower than the recorded loan value. The amount of the specific reserve served to increase the provision for credit losses in the quarter the loan was classified as a troubled debt restructuring. As of June 30, 2023 , there were nine troubled debt restructured loans with an aggregate balance of $ 5.2 million which had specific reserves of $ 571,000 . As of December 31, 2022, there were eleven troubled debt restructured loans with an aggregate balance of $ 5.3 million which had specific reserves of $ 637,000 . Substantially all of these reserves related to the non-guaranteed portion of SBA loans for start-up businesses. While the new guidance eliminates the troubled debt restructuring classification, loans previously classified as such will now be reported as loans with modifications, whether or not the modification reflected a lender concession. Specific reserves for loans with balances which exceed collateral values will continue to be required in the ACL. The following table summarizes loans that were restructured within the twelve months ended June 30, 2023 that have subsequently defaulted (in thousands): June 30, 2023 Number Pre-modification recorded investment SBL non-real estate 2 $ 174 Legacy commercial real estate 1 3,552 Total 3 $ 3,726 Management estimates the ACL using relevant available internal and external historical loan performance information, current economic conditions, and reasonable and supportable forecasts. Historical credit loss experience provides the initial basis for the estimation of expected credit losses over the estimated remaining life of the loans. The methodology used in the estimation of the ACL, which is performed at least quarterly, is also designed to be responsive to changes in portfolio credit quality and the impact of current and future economic conditions on loan performance. The review of the appropriateness of the ACL is performed by the Chief Credit Officer and presented to the Audit Committee of the Company’s Board of Directors (the “Board”) for their review. With the exception of SBLOC and IBLOC, which utilize probability of loss/loss given default, and the other loan category, which uses discounted cash flow to determine a reserve, the ACLs for other categories are determined by establishing reserves on loan pools with similar risk characteristics based on a lifetime loss-rate model, or vintage analysis, as described in the following paragraph. Loans that do not share risk characteristics are evaluated on an individual basis. If foreclosure is believed to be probable or repayment is expected from the sale of the collateral, a reserve for deficiency is established within the ACL. Those reserves are estimated based on the difference between loan principal and the estimated fair value of the collateral, adjusted for estimated disposition costs. Except for SBLOC, IBLOC and other loans as noted above, for purposes of determining the pool-basis reserve, the loans not assigned an individual reserve are segregated by product type, to recognize differing risk characteristics within portfolio segments, and an average historical loss rate is calculated for each product type. Loss rates are computed by classifying net charge-offs by year of loan origin, and dividing into total originations for that specific year. This methodology is referred to as vintage analysis. The average loss rate is then projected over the estimated remaining loan lives unique to each loan pool, to determine estimated lifetime losses. For SBLOC and IBLOC, since significant losses have not been incurred, probability of loss/loss given default considerations are utilized. For the other loan category discounted cash flow is utilized to determine a reserve. For all loan pools the Company considers the need for an additional ACL based upon qualitative factors such as the Company’s current loan performance statistics by pool. These qualitative factors are intended to account for forward looking expectations over a twelve to eighteen month period not reflected in historical loss rates and otherwise unaccounted for in the quantitative process. Accordingly, such factors may increase or decrease the allowance compared to historical loss rates as the Company’s forward looking expectations change. The qualitative factor percentages are applied against the pool balances as of the end of the period. Aside from the qualitative adjustments to account for forward looking expectations of loss over a twelve to eighteen month projection period, the balance of the ACL reverts directly to the Company’s quantitative analysis derived from its historical loss rates. The qualitative and historical loss rate component, together with the allowances on specific loans, comprise the total ACL. A similar process is employed to calculate an ACL assigned to off-balance sheet commitments, which are comprised of unfunded loan commitments and letters of credit. That ACL for unfunded commitments is recorded in other liabilities. Even though portions of the ACL may be allocated to loans that have been individually measured for credit deterioration, the entire ACL is available for any credit that, in management’s judgment, should be charged off. At June 30, 2023, the ACL amounted to $ 23.3 million of which $ 8.9 million of allowances resulted from the Company’s historical charge-off ratios, $ 2.4 million from reserves on specific loans, with the balance comprised of the qualitative components. The $ 8.9 million resulted primarily from SBA non-real estate and leasing charge-offs. The proportion of qualitative reserves compared to charge-off history related reserves reflects that charge-offs have not been experienced in the Company’s largest loan portfolios consisting of SBLOC and IBLOC and real estate bridge lending. The absence of significant charge-offs reflects, at least in part, the nature of related collateral respectively consisting of marketable securities, the cash value of life insurance and workforce apartment buildings. As charge-offs are nonetheless possible, significant subjectivity is required to consider qualitative factors to derive the related component of the allowance. The Company ranks its qualitative factors in five levels: minimal, low, moderate, moderate-high and high-risk. The individual qualitative factors for each portfolio segment have their own scale based on an analysis of that segment. A high-risk ranking results in the largest increase in the ACL calculation with each level below having a lesser impact on a sliding scale. The qualitative factors used for each portfolio are described below in the description of each portfolio segment. When the Company adopted current expected credit loss accounting (“CECL”) methodology as of January 1, 2020, the management assumption was that some degree of economic slowdown should be considered over the next eighteen months. That belief reflected the length of the current economic expansion and the relatively high level of unsustainable U.S. government deficit spending. Accordingly, the economic qualitative factor for certain loan pools was set at moderate as of January 1, 2020. Based on the uncertainty as to how the COVID-19 pandemic would impact the Company’s loan pools, the Company increased certain qualitative factors to moderate and moderate-high in 2020. In the second quarter of 2021, the Company reassessed those factors and reversed increases to moderate-high for certain pools, based upon increased vaccination rates and significant reopening of the economy. As a result of continuing economic uncertainty, including heightened inflation and increased risks of recession, the qualitative factors which had been set in anticipation of a downturn at January 1, 2020, were maintained through the third quarter of 2022. In the fourth quarter of 2022, as risks of a recession increased, the economic qualitative risk factor was increased for non-real estate SBL and leasing. Those higher qualitative allocations were retained in the first quarter of 2023, as negative economic indications persisted. The second quarter 2023 $ 361,000 provision for credit losses reflected net CECL model adjustments of $ 1.7 million resulting from a $ 2.5 million CECL model decrease from changes in estimated average lives, partially offset by a $ 794,000 CECL model increase from an elevation to respective moderate-high and moderate risk levels for leasing economic and collateral factors. The adjustment for average lives primarily reflected a change in the estimated lives of leases, higher variances for which may result from their short maturities. The elevated economic risk level for leasing reflected input from department heads regarding the potential borrower impact of the higher rate environment. The elevated collateral risk level for leasing reflected lower auction prices for vehicles and uncertainty over the extent to which such prices might decrease in the future. Additionally, the second quarter provision reflected increases of reserves on stressed credits of $ 709,000 (primarily leasing), and the impact of $ 937,000 of net-charge offs, primarily from leasing and small business loan charge-offs . The Company has not increased the qualitative risk levels for SBLOC or IBLOC because of the nature of related collateral. SBLOC loans are subject to maximum loan to marketable securities value, and notwithstanding historic drops in the stock market in recent years, losses have not been realized. IBLOC loans are limited to borrowers with insurance companies that exceed credit requirements, and loan amounts are limited to life insurance cash values. The Company also has not increased the economic factor for multi-family real estate bridge lending. While Federal Reserve rate increases directly increase real estate bridge loan floating rate borrowing costs, those borrowers are required to purchase interest rate caps that will partially limit the increase in borrowing costs during the term of the loan. Additionally, there continues to be several additional mitigating factors within the multifamily sector that should continue to fuel demand. Higher interest rates are increasing the cost to purchase a home, which in turn is increasing the number of renters and subsequent demand for multifamily. The softening demand for new homes should continue to exacerbate the current housing shortage, and therefore continue to fuel demand for multifamily apartment homes. Additionally, higher rents in the multifamily sector are causing renters to be more price sensitive, which is driving demand for most of the apartment buildings within the Company’s loan portfolio which management considers “workforce” housing. As a result, the REBL qualitative economic factor was not increased. The economic qualitative factor is based on the estimated impact of economic conditions on the loan pools, as distinguished from the economic factors themselves, for the following reasons. The Company has not experienced multi-family (apartment building) loan charge-offs, despite stressed economic conditions. Accordingly, the ACL for this pool was derived from a qualitative factor based on industry loss information for multi-family housing. Similarly, the Company’s charge-offs have been virtually non-existent for SBLOC and IBLOC notwithstanding stressed economic periods, and their ACL is determined by qualitative factors. Investment advisor loans were first offered in 2020 with limited performance history, during which charge-offs have not been experienced. For investment advisor loans, the nature of the underlying ultimate repayment source was considered, namely the fee-based advisory income streams resulting from investment portfolios under management, and the impact changes in economic conditions would have on those payment streams. The qualitative factors used for this and the other portfolios are described below in the description of each portfolio segment. Additionally, the Company’s charge-off histories for SBLs, primarily SBA, and leases have not correlated with economic conditions, including trends in unemployment. While specific economic factors did not correlate with actual historical losses, multiple economic factors are considered in the economic qualitative factor. For the non-guaranteed portion of SBA loans, leases, real estate bridge lending and investment advisor financing, the Company’s loss forecasting analysis included a review of industry statistics. However, the Company’s own charge-off history and average life estimates, for categories in which the Company has experienced charge-offs, was the primary quantitatively-derived element in the forecasts. The qualitative component results from management’s qualitative assessments which consider internal and external inputs. In the second quarter of 2022, the Company adjusted its collateral qualitative factor for SBLs downward to account for a greater percentage of government guaranteed balances in applicable pools as compared to prior periods. Additionally, in the second quarter of 2022, allowances on credit deteriorated loans were reduced. The largest reduction was $ 1.0 million which resulted when single family units from a construction loan were sold for higher than expected prices. That loan had been included in discontinued loans prior to first quarter 2022, when discontinued assets were reclassified to continuing operations. The Company no longer engages in new construction residential lending. Below are the portfolio segments used to pool loans with similar risk characteristics and align with the Company’s methodology for measuring expected credit losses. These pools have similar risk and collateral characteristics, and certain of these pools are broken down further in determining and applying the vintage loss estimates previously discussed. For instance, within the direct lease financing pool, government and public institution leases are considered separately. Additionally, the Company evaluates its loans under an internal loan risk rating system as a means of identifying problem loans. The special mention classification indicates weaknesses that may, if not cured, threaten the borrower’s future repayment ability. A substandard classification reflects an existing weakness indicating the possible inadequacy of net worth and other repayment sources. These classifications are used both by regulators and peers, as they have been correlated with an increased probability of credit losses. A summary of the Company’s primary portfolio pools and loans accordingly classified, by year of origination, at June 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022 are as follows (in thousands): As of June 30, 2023 2023 2022 2021 2020 2019 Prior Revolving loans at amortized cost Total SBL non real estate Non-rated $ 5 $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — $ 5 Pass (1) 16,137 35,507 31,769 11,630 4,698 6,079 — 105,820 Special mention — 500 265 290 127 878 — 2,060 Substandard — — — 541 302 513 — 1,356 Total SBL non-real estate 16,142 36,007 32,034 12,461 5,127 7,470 — 109,241 SBL commercial mortgage Non-rated 75 — — — — — — 75 Pass 44,852 130,330 88,692 60,293 63,948 105,437 — 493,552 Special mention 375 — 10,531 — — 665 — 11,571 Substandard — — — 577 1,853 2,492 — 4,922 Total SBL commercial mortgage 45,302 130,330 99,223 60,870 65,801 108,594 — 510,120 SBL construction Pass 353 6,632 8,269 9,767 4,065 — — 29,086 Substandard — — 2,675 — — 710 — 3,385 Total SBL construction 353 6,632 10,944 9,767 4,065 710 — 32,471 Direct lease financing Non-rated 4,221 — — — — — — 4,221 Pass 155,877 268,594 121,996 60,345 27,200 9,567 — 643,579 Special mention — 1,427 2,241 1,003 303 52 — 5,026 Substandard — 2,744 1,001 223 286 236 — 4,490 Total direct lease financing 160,098 272,765 125,238 61,571 27,789 9,855 — 657,316 SBLOC Non-rated — — — — — — 8,791 8,791 Pass — — — — — — 1,068,746 1,068,746 Total SBLOC — — — — — — 1,077,537 1,077,537 IBLOC Non-rated — — — — — — ( 79 ) ( 79 ) Pass — — — — — — 805,804 805,804 Substandard — — — — — — 345 345 Total IBLOC — — — — — — 806,070 806,070 Advisor financing Pass 29,724 64,642 51,588 27,422 — — — 173,376 Total advisor financing 29,724 64,642 |